Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

Oszacownie spożycia polichlorowanych dwufenyli w rybach w Polsce
ESTIMATION OF THE UPTAKE OF POLYCHLORINATED DIPHENYLS WITH FISH CONSUMED IN POLAND
OCENKA POTREBLENIJA POLIKHLORIROWANNYKH DIFENILOW W RYBAKH W POL’SHE

Autorzy:

Falandysz, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/877916.pdf

Data publikacji:

1988

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

polichlorowane dwufenyle
ryby
spozycie ryb

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1988, 39, 6
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:

Spożycie błonnika pokarmowego w Polsce
The consumption of dietary fibre in Poland
Potreblenie pitatelnojj celulozy v Polshe

Autorzy:

Gronowska-Senger, A.
Majchrzak, D.
Morawiec, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/872909.pdf

Data publikacji:

1987

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

blonnik pokarmowy
spozycie
Polska
hydroliza

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1987, 38, 4-5
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:

Konsekwencje nadmiernego spożycia płynów – przewodnienie
Consequences of excessive fluid intake – water intoxication

Autorzy:

Okręglicka, Katarzyna
Wiśniewska, Klaudia
Jarosz, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128954.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017-11-14

Wydawca:

Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica

Tematy:

water intoxication
overhydration
hyponatremia
water intake
fluid intake
przewodnienie
hiponatremia
spożycie wody
spożycie płynów

Opis:

Water is the most abundant molecule in the human body. The effects of insufficient water intake relative to demand can be felt rapidly (often visibly) and can be harmful to our health. Conversely, the maximum dose of water that can be consumed without causing harm to the human body has not been specified. Indeed, water is currently viewed as a safe liquid, even at high intake. Despite this, there have been several reports of life-threatening situations or death due to overhydration in recent years. overhydration is a phenomenon in which the extracellular fluid volume increases, and is associated with plasma volume expansion in the circulating blood and the occurrence of hypervolemia (fluid overload). Overhydration usually leads to changes in the plasma sodium concentration and the development of hyponatremia. Overhydration and hyponatremia are very rare phenomena in healthy individuals, but are potentially life-threatening, especially in cases with coexisting somatic or mental diseases. In this article, we reviewed the somewhat limited data currently available in the literature on excessive fluid intake leading to overhydration.
Woda jest najobfciej występującą cząsteczką w organizmie człowieka – stanowi jego główny składnik. Niedostateczne spożycie wody w stosunku do zapotrzebowania staje się w niedługim czasie odczuwalne i widoczne, a także może stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia i życia człowieka. Z drugiej strony nie określono maksymalnej dawki wody jaką może spożyć człowiek, która wywoływałaby szkodliwe działanie na organizm ludzki. Uważa się zatem, że woda jest płynem bezpiecznym nawet przy wysokim spożyciu, jednakże na przestrzeni kilkunastu lat odnotowano sytuacje zagrażające życiu lub zgony z powodu przewodnienia. Przewodnienie jest to zjawisko zwiększenia objętości płynu zewnątrzkomórkowego związane ze zwiększeniem całkowitej objętości osocza krwi krążącej i powstaniem tzw. hiperwolemii. Przewodnienie najczęściej prowadzi do powstania zmian stężenia sodu w osoczu i rozwoju hiponatremii. Przewodnienie i hiponatremia to zjawiska bardzo rzadkie, ale potencjalnie zagrażające ludzkiemu życiu, szczególnie przy jednoczesnym występowaniu chorób o podłożu somatycznym lub psychicznym. W niniejszej pracy, mimo nielicznych publikacji na ten temat i niewielką ilość badań, podjęto próbę zebrania dostępnych danych dotyczących nadmiernego spożycia płynów prowadzącego do przewodnienia.

Źródło:

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine; 2017, 33(3); 167-176
1232-406X
2084-431X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:

Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe jako indykator zrównoważonego spożycia
Food security as an indicator of sustainable consumption

Autorzy:

Kapusta, F.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44436.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

zywnosc
spozycie zywnosci
skladniki odzywcze
energia
poziom spozycia
spozycie zrownowazone
bezpieczenstwo zywnosciowe

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2015, 38, 4
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:

Co to znaczy konsumować? Próba definicji pojęcia konsumpcji
What Does It Mean to Consume? An Attempt to Define the Notion of Consumption

Autorzy:

Iwasiński, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/445376.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny

Tematy:

konsumpcja
spożycie
kupno
rynek
consumption
purchase
market

Opis:

Konsumpcja stała się jednym z centralnych pojęć w zachodniej kulturze. Kategorię tę, choć tak istotną dla współczesnej kultury, trudno jednoznacznie zdefiniować. Opierając się na literaturze przedmiotu, w artykule przeprowadzono dyskusję nad znaczeniem tego pojęcia. Stwierdzono, że nie ma zgody co do definicji konsumpcji. W różnych jej ujęciach nacisk kładziony jest na jeden z trzech czynników: zaspokajanie potrzeb; utratę wartości konsumowanego dobra, jego zużycie; akt kupna. Wartość artykułu wynika ze wskazania różnych sposobów pojmowania konsumpcji i zwrócenia uwagi na możliwość szerokich zastosowań tej kategorii dla opisu współczesnej rzeczywistości społecznej.
Consumption has become one of the central notions in the western culture. This category, though so important for the contemporary culture, can hardly be defined explicitly. Based on the subject literature, the author in his article carried out discussion on the importance of this notion. He stated there was no consent as to the definition of consumption. In different approaches to it, an emphasis is made on one of the three factors: meeting needs; loss of value of the consumed good, its depletion; act of purchase. Value of the article results from the indication of various ways of understanding consumption and paying attention to the possibility of wide applications of this category for description of the contemporary social reality.

Źródło:

Konsumpcja i Rozwój; 2014, 4(9); 14-23
2083-6929

Pojawia się w:

Konsumpcja i Rozwój

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:

Zaburzenia w obrazie morfologicznym krwi obwodowej u pacjentów z poalkoholową marskością wątroby

Autorzy:

Cywka, Tomasz
Adamczyk, Katarzyna
Psujek, Magdalena
Prystupa, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/552301.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych

Tematy:

przewlekłe spożycie alkoholu
marskość wątroby
morfologia krwi

Źródło:

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2012, 3; 363-365
1734-3402

Pojawia się w:

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:

Spożycie napojów alkoholowych w Polsce w świetle badań ankietowych
Survey on Alcohol Consumption in Poland

Autorzy:

Święcicki, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699290.pdf

Data publikacji:

1964

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

badania ankietowe
spożycie alkoholu
survey
alcohol consumption

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1964, II; 293-345
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:

Konsumpcja dziczyzny i jej wpływ na postrzeganie myślistwa -- badania pilotażowe w klubach seniora
Venison consumption and its impact on the perception of hunting - research in senior clubs

Autorzy:

Opalinska, P.
Lukowski, A.
Krokowska-Paluszak, M.
Blasiak, A.
Wierzbicka, A.
Skorupski, M.
Jaszczak, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880434.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie

Tematy:

lowiectwo
myslistwo
dziczyzna
spozycie zywnosci
opinia spoleczna
seniorzy

Źródło:

Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2017, 19, 1[50]
1509-1414

Pojawia się w:

Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:

Preferencje i zachowania zakupowe studentów na rynku piwa
Preferences and buying behaviour of students on the beer market

Autorzy:

Jader, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43668.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

konsumenci
studenci
preferencje konsumentow
zachowania zakupowe
piwo
spozycie

Opis:

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w listopadzie 2011 roku wśród 220 studentów Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu, których celem było poznanie preferencji i zachowań zakupowych studentów na rynku piwa. Ukazano, jakie miejsce zajmuje piwo wśród innych alkoholi, częstotliwość i miejsca jego spożywania, a także miejsca zakupu i czynniki uwzględniane podczas zakupu. Przedstawiono najczęściej spożywane marki i preferowane smaki piwa smakowego. Przeanalizowano również preferencje dotyczące opakowania piwa oraz oddziaływanie promocji na studentów. Stwierdzono miedzy innymi, iż wśród tej grupy konsumentów piwo jest najchętniej wybieranym alkoholem, a przeważająca większość studentów spożywa je minimum raz w tygodniu. Studenci najczęściej spożywają piwo w domu lub u znajomych, a ich ulubione marki to: Lech, Redd’s, Desperados i Żubr.
This paper presents the results of the research conducted in November among 220 students at the University of Life Sciences in Poznań. The aim was study the preferences and buying behaviour of students on the beer market. It shows the place of beer among other alcohols, frequency and place of consumption, as well the place of beer shopping and the criteria of beer purchase. The most popular brands and tastes of beer were researched. Otherwise was analysed preference for beer packaging and promotion effects on students. It was found that beer is the most often chosen alcohol among this group of consumers, and vast majority of them consume it at least once a week. Students often drink beer at home or at friends, and favourite brands are: Lech, Redd’s, Desperados and Żubr.

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2013, 29, 3
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Zjawisko samozaopatrzenia w gospodarstwach domowych według klasy miejscowości zamieszkania w aspekcie zrównoważonej konsumpcji
The phenomenon of self-sufficiency across classes of locality in terms of consumption sustainability

Autorzy:

Glowicka-Woloszyn, R.
Kozera, A.
Stanislawska, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43701.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

spozycie naturalne
konsumpcja zrownowazona
zywnosc
gospodarstwa domowe
samozaopatrzenie

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2015, 37, 3
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

Wpływ tworzyw sztucznych na ptaki
The impact of plastic on birds

Autorzy:

Jagiello, Z.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2080555.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Zoologiczne

Tematy:

ptaki
zagrozenia zwierzat
tworzywa sztuczne
spozycie
zanieczyszczenia srodowiska

Źródło:

Ornis Polonica; 2019, 60, 1; 58-65
2081-9706

Pojawia się w:

Ornis Polonica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

Ocena spożycia selenu na tle złożonych współzależności metabolicznych tego pierwiastka
Selenium intake in the aspect of complex metabolic interrelationships of this element
Ocenka potreblenija selena na fone slozhnogo processa obmena eh togo mikroehlementa

Autorzy:

Skorkowska-Zieleniewska, J.
Brzozowska, A.
Jozefowicz, T.
Szotowa, W.
Pronczuk, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/871717.pdf

Data publikacji:

1983

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

selen
spozycie
ocena
posilki
stolowki
warszawa

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1983, 34, 5-6
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe Polski i jej mieszkańców w okresie przedakcesyjnym i po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Food security of Poland and its inhabitants during the pre-accession and after accession period to the European Union

Autorzy:

Kapusta, Franciszek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570172.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

Tematy:

bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe
samowystarczalność
struktura
poziom
spożycie

Opis:

Celem badań było określenie stanu i kierunku zmian bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego Polski i jej mieszkańców w okresie przedakcesyjnym i po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej, a w szczególności: zdefiniowanie pojęcia, rodzajów bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego i warunków jego spełnienia, scharakteryzowanie poziomu spożycia podstawowych produktów żywnościowych w latach 2000-2014 oraz określenie poziomu samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych produktów, dokonanie oceny ekonomicznej dostępności do żywności i zróżnicowania społeczności polskiej pod tym względem, ustalenie poziomu spożycia energii, jej struktury oraz podstawowych składników odżywczych dla poszczególnych grup społeczno- ekonomicznych gospodarstw w latach 2001-2003 i 2012-2014 [...]

Źródło:

Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 4 (12); 68-86
2353-8929

Pojawia się w:

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

Ocena spożycia owoców i warzyw przez dzieci uczęszczające do żłobków na terenie Zakopanego
Assessment of fruit and vegetables consumption by children in créches in Zakopane

Autorzy:

Mentel, I.
Cieslik, E.
Cieslik, I.
König, I.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/827567.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Technologów Żywności

Tematy:

Zakopane
zywienie czlowieka
zywienie zbiorowe
zywienie racjonalne
dzieci
okres poniemowlecy
zlobki
racje pokarmowe
spozycie owocow
spozycie warzyw
czestotliwosc spozycia
badania ankietowe

Opis:

Celem pracy była ocena częstotliwości spożycia owoców i warzyw przez dzieci w wieku 1 - 3 lat na podstawie wyników badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród matek tych dzieci. W kwestionariuszu zawarto pytania dotyczące częstotliwości spożycia owoców i warzyw, a także wiedzy na temat właściwego odżywienia małych dzieci pod względem podawania im tych produktów. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono wśród 300 matek chłopców i dziewczynek w wieku 1 - 3 lat w kilku żłobkach na terenie Zakopanego. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej testem χ² (Pearsona). Jak wskazały respondentki, aż 93 % matek biorących udział w badaniu interesowało się zasadami zdrowego żywienia dotyczącymi spożycia owoców i warzyw przez dzieci. Spośród dzieci uczęszczających do żłobków na terenie Zakopanego (zgodnie z deklaracją ankietowanych) 85 % chętnie spożywało owoce i warzywa, a do ulubionych należały: jabłka, banany, truskawki oraz pomidory, marchew i ogórki. Według niespełna 30 % respondentek dzieci spożywały owoce i warzywa 2 - 3 razy dziennie, natomiast ok. 20 % ankietowanych zadeklarowało, że ich dzieci konsumują tego typu produkty tylko raz dziennie. Zdecydowana większość matek podawała owoce zamiast słodyczy. Zaobserwowano, że wraz ze wzrostem poziomu wykształcenia tendencja ta miała charakter rosnący. Mamy zachęcały dzieci do jedzenia owoców i warzyw najczęściej przez wspólną konsumpcję oraz zabawę. Jak deklarowały ankietowane, ponad połowa dzieci spożywała głównie owoce i warzywa w stanie surowym, rzadziej gotowane i smażone. Ponadto kobiety serwowały dzieciom różnego typu soki owocowe i warzywne.
The objective of the research study was to assess the consumption frequency of fruit and vegetables by children aged 1-3 on the basis of the results of questionnaire survey conducted amongst the mothers of those children. The questionnaire comprised the questions on the consumption frequency of fruit and vegetables as well as on the knowledge of how to properly feed small children in terms of providing them with fruit and vegetables. The questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 300 mothers of the boys and girls aged 1 - 3 in several crèches in Zakopane. The results obtained were statistically analysed using χ2 Pearson test. It was found that 93 % of the responding mothers were interested in the principles of healthy eating in terms of fruit and vegetable consumption by children. Of all the children attending crèches in Zakopane (according to the statements made by the surveyed) 85 % eagerly ate fruit and vegetables; apples, bananas, raspberries, and tomatoes, carrots, and cucumbers were their favourite fruits. Almost 30 % of the respondents declared that their children ate fruit and vegetables 2 - 3 times a day, whereas 20 % of the mothers surveyed declared that their children ate that type of products only once a day. The vast majority of the mothers provided their kids with fruit instead of sweets. It was found that this tendency increased with the increasing level of mothers’ education. The mothers encouraged their children to eat fruits and vegetables through games or eating in the company of other kids. As declared by the mothers, over half of the children consumed mainly raw fruit and vegetables and rarely the cooked and/or fried fruits and vegetables. Also, the women surveyed provided their children with different types of fruit and vegetable juices.

Źródło:

Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość; 2018, 25, 2
1425-6959

Pojawia się w:

Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

Wykorzystanie przez owce gatunkow roslin uzytych do podsiewu pastwiska gorskiego

Autorzy:

Kasperczyk, M.
Grygierzec, B.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/75795.pdf

Data publikacji:

2003

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Łąkarskie

Tematy:

pastwiska gorskie
spozycie paszy
podsiew
owce
koniczyna biala
lakarstwo

Źródło:

Łąkarstwo w Polsce; 2003, 06; 89-96
1506-5162

Pojawia się w:

Łąkarstwo w Polsce

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

Współczesna konsumpcja żywności – w pułapce paradoksu postmodernistycznego świata
Modern food consumption – trapped in the paradox of postmodern world

Autorzy:

Rogala, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43910.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

zywnosc
spozycie zywnosci
konsumpcjonizm
ekologizacja konsumpcji
dekonsumpcja
konsumpcja zrownowazona

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2015, 37, 3
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Alcohol consumption among students in the Lublin region of Poland
Poziom spożycia alkoholu przez studiujących w województwie lubelskim

Autorzy:

Mandziuk, M.
Wasilewska, M.
Lukacs, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048919.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej

Tematy:

alcohol consumption
students
AUDIT
spożycie alkoholu
studenci

Opis:

Background. Alcohol is a psychoactive addictive substance that is a frequent part of student life, where consumption levels can be high. This study aimed to determine the level of alcohol consumption among students in the Lublin province. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2018, using 700 freshmen from the Lublin province (456 women – 65.14% and 244 men – 34.86%) who completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) on the Internet. Results. The vast majority of the respondents drink alcohol (80% – 560 people), every fifth respondent declared abstinence (20% – 140 respondents). The gender of the respondents significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ²=42.262; p<0.0001). More women than men consumed alcohol at a low risk of developing alcohol-related disorders (89.04%, i.e. 406 women – 71.72%, i.e. 175 men). The value of BMI significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ²=17.513; p=0.008). Conclusions. Most respondents consume alcohol at low-risk. Gender and BMI value significantly determine alcohol consumption. It is therefore extremely important to organize at universities cyclical preventive lectures on the harmful effects of alcohol consumption, highlighting its different impact on men and women. Physical activity plays a positive role in promoting health, even when at the same time unhealthy habits such as excessive alcohol consumption occur. Therefore, the possibility of participation in the university in the afternoon sports and recreation classes should be particularly promoted among students.
Wprowadzenie. Alkohol jest jednym z psychoaktywnych środków uzależniających obecnych w życiu studenta, a jego spożycie odnotowuje się na wysokim poziomie. Celem badań było określenie poziomu spożycia alkoholu przez studiujących w województwie lubelskim. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w 2018 roku wśród 700 studentów studiów I-go stopnia z województwa Lubelskiego (456 kobiet – 65,14% i 244 mężczyzn – 34,86%), którzy wypełnili przez Internet test Rozpoznawania Zaburzeń Związanych ze Spożywaniem Alkoholu (AUDIT). Wyniki. Zdecydowana większość badanych pije alkohol (80% – 560 osób), co piąty badany deklarował abstynencję (20% – 140). Płeć ankietowanych istotnie różnicowała poziom spożycia alkoholu (χ²= 42,262; p<0,0001). Więcej kobiet niż mężczyzn spożywało alkohol na niskim poziomie ryzyka wystąpienia zaburzeń związanych ze spożywaniem alkoholu (89,04%, tj. 406 kobiet – 71,72%, tj. 175 mężczyzn). Wartość wskaźnika BMI różnicowała istotnie poziom spożycia alkoholu (χ²=17,513; p=0,008). Wnioski. Większość respondentów spożywa alkohol na niskim poziomie ryzyka. Płeć i wartość wskaźnika BMI istotnie determinują spożywanie alkoholu. Jest zatem niezmiernie ważne, aby organizować na uczelniach wyższych cykliczne wykłady profilaktyczne na temat szkodliwych skutków spożywania alkoholu, podkreślając jego różny wpływ na organizmy kobiet i mężczyzn. Aktywność fizyczna odgrywa pozytywną rolę w promowaniu zdrowia, nawet wtedy, gdy jednocześnie pojawiają się niezdrowe nawyki, takie jak na przykład nadmierna konsumpcja alkoholu. Należy zatem szczególnie promować wśród studentów możliwość uczestnictwa na uczelni w popołudniowych zajęciach sportowo-rekreacyjnych.

Źródło:

Health Problems of Civilization; 2020, 14, 1; 18-23
2353-6942
2354-0265

Pojawia się w:

Health Problems of Civilization

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Optymalny czas wzbogacania białka wolną treoniną
Optimal time for protein enrichment with free threonine
Optimalnoe vremja obogashhenija belka treoninom

Autorzy:

Rafalski, H.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/876242.pdf

Data publikacji:

1982

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

bialko
treonina
spozycie bialka
niedobor bialka
dieta

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1982, 33, 1-2
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Rozmiary i dystrybucja spożycia alkoholu w Polsce. Oceny oparte na badaniu na próbie udziałowej i losowej
Alcohol Use in Poland. Estimates derived from interviewing a quota sample and a random sample of the population

Autorzy:

Jasiński, Jerzy

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698522.pdf

Data publikacji:

1992

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

spożycie alkoholu
badania ankietowe
napoje alkoholowe
alcohol consumption
surveys
alcohol

Opis:

The Problem Statement             The main goals of the alcohol consumption surveys, repeatedly carried out Poland, are to describe the changes in the drinking subcultures of different segments of the population, to monitor the emergence of new drinking practices and the discontinuance of old ones, and to record the evolution of attitudes toward alcohol. In order to facilitate the analysis of these and related phenomena, similar instruments were used and applied in a consistent manner in several of the consecutive surveys. Any substantial change in the formulation of the questions asked or in the manner they are presented to the respondents (e.g. a mailed questionnaire versus a personal interview), raises a number of problems regarding the interpretation of the results obtained. Should the changes observed be treated as reflecting the transformations of the processes studied, or should they be attributed to alterations in the way the respondents were approached? On the other hand, repeated use of the same questionnaire applied in exactly the same manner does not seem to be an attractive proposition, since new problems and interests emerge and new survey research methods are being developed. In the Polish alcohol consumption surveys an attempt has been made to find a balance between securing continuity and introducing change. However, sometimes changes have to be made irrespectively of the researcher’s wishes. They may stem from resources constraints forcing the researcher to adopt a cheaper or less time consuming method of conducting a survey, or from some other reasons. In the case of the Polish alcohol consumption surveys such an external change occurred recently in relation to the sample design. Nine surveys have been conducted in Poland since 1961. Five of these surveys have utilized quota samples, while in four, random samples were employed. However, the studies based on random samples, for the most part, are not representative of the majority of Polish research on drinking practices. Instead, three of the four surveys based on random samples are unique in that they were  devoted to an examination of the following issues: meaning attached by the general public to the notion of abstinence; estimation of the content and influence exercised by the antialcohol propaganda; and the effectiveness of the appeals by the Roman Catholic church to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages during the month of August in the last 3 years. The studies based on quota samples are much more representative of Polish surveys on drinking practices. In these studies, the primary focus has been on the description and nature of drinking occasions. For example, this was the focus in the pioneering surveys by A. Swiecicki carried out in 1961 and 1962, in J. K. Falewicz’s survey of 1968, and in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys of 1980 and 1985. In all of these surveys the same way of measuring alcohol consumption was adopted and their results were analyzed according to the same methodology. The data collection was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey and Program Studies of the State Committee for Radio and TV in Warsaw for all the surveys. However, in recent years, this Center has been increasingly using random samples of the population in its research, first restricting and more recently abandoning completely the use of quota samples. From now on, the new Polish alcohol consumption surveys will be conducted on random samples only. While the shift to the use of random samples of the population represents a methodological step forward, it raises some important questions. Perhaps most important is whether results from these new surveys will be comparable with results from former surveys? The study reported in this paper is aimed at providing an answer to this question. In the case of a random sample, at least initially, every object in the population has to have an equal probability of being drawn, and at least the first step in the sampling procedure has to be taken randomly. In a quota sample, on the other hand, the usual procedure is that the interviewer has to interview a specified number of subjects with predetermined characteristics (e.g. men; 20‒29 years old; having primary educaiion only; etc.) How the interviewer finds these persons is left to his ingenuity, and even if he does not select them by applying any krown criteria, he is not drawing his part of the sample randomly. If all the interviewers follow exactly the instructions in selecting interviewees, the distribution of the characteristics of the quota sample should be the same as in the general population. It is hoped, but only hoped, that it will secure the representativeness of the sample. To what extent is this hope fulfilled cannot be determined.                                                    The Sample   In September 1985 the data for the second Polish Alcohol Consumption Survey were collected on a quota sample (QS). Four weeks later, in October 1985, some items from the questionnaire used in that survey were added to a routinely  conducted public opinion poll carried out on a random sample (RS). The sizes of the samples were 1808 and 882, respectively. In both cases the field work was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey. The samples were comparable to one another in terms of the respondents’ occupation, sex, level of education, and proportion of people living in urban and rural areas. However, both samples differed from the general population with respect to age. In the QS, persons aged 60 and older were underrepresented (by about 12%), while those aged 40‒59 were overrepresented (again by about 12%). Within the RS, those aged l6‒19 were underrepresented (by about 6%). The former discrepancy must have originated from the interviewers’ not foliowing closely enough the instructions given to them as to the age of persons they had to interview. The latter discrepancy stemmed from the sampling procedure; the RS was derived from the 1984 election lists, which covered the population of 18 years old and over. One year later, in 1985, these lists included only persons aged 19 and older. The differences in the age structure in the QS, RS, and in the general population are of some significance for estimations of tne coverage rate and for comparability of the samples, and thus will be further discussed later on in the paper.   Frequenct and Quantity   In the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys, as in previous Polish research, the level of consumption has been estimated by means of the last occasion approach. In order to make such estimates a number of assumptions have to be accepted. They are related to the typicality of the occasion described by the respondent in terms of kind of occasion, amount of alcohol consumed, etc. Additionally, some assumptions regarding the frequency of drinking also have to be accepted. These requirements may seem unrealistically far going. However, two points have to be considered. Firstly, the more typical an occasion of drinking is ‒ the more likely, it is to be reported to the interviewer. Secondly, in epidemiological research the interest is on categories or types of respondents and not on a single individual; in groups of respondents, unconventional occasions tend, at least in part, to annul their impact on the means and other measures describing the drinking modalities. The variables used in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys to establish the drinking patterns were: kind of beverage, quantity consumed, and frequency of drinking. There were no differences between the QS and the RS in respect to the frequency of drinking wine purchased in stores as well as home made fruit wine. However, there were some differences in the case of spirit and beer. In the RS, two categories of spirit drinkers could be recognized more distinctly than in the QS; infrequent (i.e. drinking spirits less often than once a month), and very frequent (i.e. several times a week). The former category consisted of 45,5 per cent (QS) and 48,1 per cent (RS), respectively, and the latter of 21,3 per cent (QS) and 30,0 per cent (RS). In the case of beer consumers, there were significantly more infrequent drinkers in the RS than in the QS (48,6 and 34,9 per cent, respectively), and fewer very frequent drinkers (38,5 and 32,5 per cent, respictively). Significantly higher quantities consumed on one occasion were reported in the QS than in the RS, irrespectively of beverage. This would suggest that the interviewers collecting data for the QS tended, possibly without even realizing it, to select prospective respondents from among persons consuming more alcohol than average.   The Beverages   One of the consequences of the above differences in regard to the frequency of drinking and quantities of alcohol consumed is the overestimation of the concentration of consumption in research based on QSs. The concentration of consumption is traditionally used to refer to the size of proportion of consumers who drink about half of all alcohol consumed. According to an estimate derived from the RS in 1985 in Poland, half of spirits were consumed by about 10 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent as indicated by the QS), and of wine purchased ‒ by 8 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent); in the case of drinkers of home made wine (5 per cent), and of beer (10 per cent) the estimates of concentration of consumption proved to be the same in the QS and in the RS. The shrinking of the coverage rate was another consequence of the overestimation of the quantities of alcohol consumed of the frequency of drinking of some alcoholic beverages. The comparison of the amount of alcoholic beverages sold during 1985 in the country with the amount accounted for by the surveys, reveals the following picture:                                                          QS                                      RS spirits                                           50,6 per cent                     47,8 per cent wine purchased                          49,3 per cent                     25,8 per cent beer                                              81,5 per cent                     45,2 per cent   Total                                              55,9 per cent                     48,1 per cent   The substantial differences in the coverage rate are noticed only in relations to wine and beer, e.g. to the beverages of lesser importance considering the Polish drinking patterns. The absence of substantial differences between the RS and the QS in relation to spirits stemmed from the fact that the overestimation of the amount drunk on one occasion was partly compensated for by the underestimation of the size of the category of the very frequent drinkers. As far as the better and wine drinkers were concerned no such compensation was present. The data on the sale of alcoholic beverages indicate that in that in 1985 about 68 per cent of all alcohol purchased in Poland was spirits. Of the total amount of alcohol consumed, the QS indicated that spirits accounted for 62 per cent, while the RS indicated that spirits accounted for 74 per cent. The first estimate was too low, the other too high, each by 6 per cent. As could be expected from the low coverage rate of wine, in the research based on the RS, the place of wine in the structure of beverages consumed was underestimated (9 per cent instead of 15 per cent of all alcohol consumed). The place occupied by beer was estimated correctly by the RS (18 per cent). The modest contribution of beer and wine to the total amount of alcohol consumed should be attributed mainly to the drinking habits prevailing in Poland, but also partly to the unmet demand for beer and for wine, in particular for imported grape wine. The analysis of the data from the QS showed that drinking one kind of alcoholic beverage raised the likelihood of drinking another kind of alcoholic beverage. This was true with regard to every beverage type and all these relationships were statistically significant. The data from the RS corroborated fully the above results. In the case of persons who consumed two kinds of alcoholic beverages, a further question could be asked, viz. do persons who drink greater quantity of one beverage also tend to drink more of the other one. This was the case in respect to all of beverages both in the QS in the RS.   Consumption Level   In order to estimate the respondents’ level of alcohol consumption all beverages consumed had to be recounted according to their content of alcohol, and added up. The distribution of the respondents according to the level of their consumption revealed some important differences between the estimates derived from the QS and RS. First of all, according to the RS, there were significantly more teetolers in the general population (23 per cent) than according to the QS (16, 1 per cent). This is partly due to the underrepresentation persons aged 60 and older in the QS. Relatively more persons in this age group are non-drinkers than in the lower age brackets. The other reason for this discrepancy in the estimate of the size of the fraction of non-drinkers is the already mentioned tendency of the interviewers to select as prospective respondents drinkers rather than abstainers while collecting data for the QS. The other difference between the RS and QS relates to the proportion of persons drinking substantial amounts of alcohol. On the whole, the RS indicates that it is smaller than the QS does. The extrapolation of the results obtained in the RS on the adult population in the country leads to the following conclusion. In 1985 there were about 2,1 million persons who annually consumed more than 16 liters of pure alcohol in Poland. They were consuming at least one half a litter bottle of vodka in every ten days. Among them nearly 1,5 million consumed at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually, i.e. at least one bottle of vodka per six days. This group of drinkers represented only 5 per cent of the adult population, but consumed nearly 40 per cent of all alcohol in the country. It was stated before that only about half of the total amount of alcohol consumed was accounted for by the survey based on the RS. The most important reason for the underreporting seems to be, apart from forgetting and concealing, the underrepresentation of heavy drinkers in the sample. Because of this, it is likely that the group of drinkers who consume at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually is considerably more numerous, and that they probably drink even a greater proportion of all alcohol consumed in the country.   Drinkers, Abstainers, Teetolaters   Who is a teetotaler seems self-evident and not requiring special consideration only as long, however, as the responds from the general population are not asked what their understanding of the term is. In one of the recent Polish general pop lation surveys this question was addressed and some surprising results were obtained. Although 69 per cent of the respondents considered a teetotaler somebody who has not been drinking any beverages containing alcohol, there were also persons having other opinions in this matter. As many as l5 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who drinks small quantities of alcohol, infrequently, a few times a year only, and further 2 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who does not drink vodka. In order to avoid this issue, in the questionnaire applied both the QS and to the RS, a question was asked whether the respondent had been drinking any alcoholic beverages during the last 12 months preceding the interview. Those who responded in the negative are considered to be teetotalers. Those who have not been drinking a particular beverage are called abstainers, i.e. abstaining refers only to not drinking a particular beverage. This means, that according to this definition abstainers include persons who drink as well as those who do not. Consequently, all teetotalers are abstainers, but among the latter there also drinkers (of some beverages). According to the terminology adopted here only drinkers who consume all kinds of alcoholic beverages listed in the questionnaire can not be called abstainers. The beverage consumed by most Poles is vodka. According to the RS only 28 per cent of the respondents abstained from drinking vodka (12 per cent of men and 42 per cent of women). In this respect the differences between the QS and the RS were not significant. In the case of all other beverages the RS produced significantly higher estimates of the fraction of abstainers than the QS. According to the RS, 65 per cent of respondents do not drink beer (46 per cent of men and 82 per cent of women), 68 per cent do not drink wine purchased (46 per cent of men and 71 per cent of women), and 78 per cent do not drink home made wine (75 per cent of men and 81 per cent of women). The QS and the RS are in concordance on a number of points. Firstly, on the degree of popularity of the various alcoholic beverages. Judging from the size of the fraction of abstainers, spirits is the most widely consumed beverage, followed by beer, wine purchased, and home made wine. Secondly, there are consistently more drinkers among men than among women; only in the case of home made wine is the difference in the size of the fraction of drinkers among men and women not significant. Thirdly, more than half of women drink spirits, i. e. many more than any other alcoholic beverage. It contradicts the belief, widely held in Poland, that vodka is a man’s and wine a woman’s beverage. Fourthly, abstaining from any beverage is equally spread in rural as in urban areas. It illustrates the process of unification of behaviour patterns in Poland, or as it is sometimes formulated – of the urbanization of rural culture, and ruralization of the urban life styles. The size of the fraction of abstainers is, irrespective of the beverage, closely related to the age of the respondents. The older the respondent – starting from the 20–29 age group – the larger the fraction of abstainers. Drinking is also related to the level of education attained. In the case of spirits, wine purchased, and home made wine, the higher the respondents educational attainment the greater the fraction of drinkers. It corresponds to the observation made in a number of countries, according to which the higher the social status – the smaller the fraction of abstainers, the grater the frequency of drinking, and the smaller the amount consumed on one occasion. The above relationship do not apply to beer, which in Poland seems to be a beverage consumed primarily by blue–collar workers. The QS and the RS show the same pattern of results between drinking and living in rural versus urban communities as found for age and level of education of the respondent. Finally, the teetotalers differ markedly from the drinkers. Here again the results of the QS and RS are in harmony. There are significantly more teetotalers among women than among men, and in the age group 40 years old and over (in particular – among those 60 years old and over). There are also more teetotalers among less educated than more educated, and among unqualified blue–collar workers and peasants than among qualified blue–collar workers and white–collar employees.   Concluding Remarks   There has been a prospective change in the sampling method used in Polish alcohol consumption surveys. This called into question the feasibility of long term trend analysis of the drinking habits prevailing in Poland. In order to dispel the arising doubts, the present inquiry has been carried out comparing the results of the new sampling method (primarily relying on the use of random samples) with the prior method which utilized quota samples. In this project, the same questions relating to drinking practices were put to two groups of respondents. One consisted of a quota sample (QS; n =1808), and the other of a random sample (RS; n = 882) of the adult population. The comparison of results from the two samples leads to the following two observations. Firstly, the numerical values of various parameters characterizing drinking practices, such as the overall consumption level and that of particular beverages, or that of quantities imbibed on one occasion, etc., differ in the QS and the RS. In a number of instances these differences are statistically significant. The results based on the RS suggest a somewhat lower level of alcohol consumption than the ones based on the QS, and shift the coverage rate slightly below 50 per cent. Secondly, the QS and the RS generated very similar pictures of drinking patterns prevailing in Poland, in terms of the kinds of beverages consumed, interrelationship between the various beverages consumed, concentration of consumption, and social traits of people drinking more and drinking less alcohol. The general conclusion emerging from the research project described here can be formulated as follows. The QS provided a fairly true picture of the drinking practices in Poland, however, in order to establish the long term trends in these practices, it is necessary to take into account the corrections stemming from the estimates derived from the RS.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 213-228
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Zagospodarowanie jablek w Polsce w ostatnim 40-leciu
The utilization of apple production in Poland in the last 40 years

Autorzy:

Brzozowski, P

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/832169.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Instytut Ogrodnictwa

Tematy:

Polska
owoce
jablka
spozycie
przetworstwo owocow
eksport
import
rynek owocow

Opis:

The aim of this work was to define the changes in the utilization of apple production in Poland in t he years 1961 - 2008. This period includes 29 years of planned economy and 19 years of market economy. The main source of data for this study were publications of Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS), FAO, and the Institute of Agricultural and Food Econom ics in Warsaw (IERiG Ż ). The percentage of apples used for processing increased from 50% in the 1980’s to about 70% in the 1990’s to 80% at the beginning of the new century. Apple consumption per capita did not vary much in the years 1961 - 2008. However, the consumption of all kinds of fruit increased by about 40% during this period in line with the increase in the average monthly salary. The consumption of apples on the domestic market was much more evenly distributed throughout the year in market economy times. Further growth in apple production in Poland will be possible through increases in fresh fruit exports and in processing, and through better balancing of the seasonality of consumption. At present, locally grown apples in Poland are on sale all year round, however , their supply in the summer season could be augmented.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa w Skierniewicach; 2009, 17; 41-52
1234-0855

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa w Skierniewicach

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Charakterystyka żywności wzbogaconej w magnez, dostępnej na polskim rynku
Charakteristics of food fortified with magnesium, availabe on the Polish market

Autorzy:

Czerwińska, D.
Grzeszczak, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/228261.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Warszawie

Tematy:

magnez
spożycie
niedobory
żywność wzbogacona
magnesium
intake
deficiencies
fortified food

Opis:

Asortyment produktów żywnościowych wzbogacanych w magnez jest niewielki. Najczęściej wzbogaca się napoje gazowane i kawy, dlatego stosowanie produktów wzbogacanych ma nieznaczny wpływ na całkowite spożycie magnezu z dietą i nie może być skutecznym środkiem w zapobieganiu niedoborom tego pierwiastka. Potrzebne jest powiększenie asortymentu żywności wzbogaconej w magnez, szczególnie o produkty zbożowe i mleczne.
Range of fortified food products is small, most fortified products are carbonated drinks and coffee. However, fortified products have a negligible effect on total intake of magnesium from food ration and may not be an effective means to prevent deficiency of this element. There is a need to produce an enlarged range of food enriched in magnesium, especially cereals and milk products.

Źródło:

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego; 2013, 2; 118-122
0867-793X
2719-3691

Pojawia się w:

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Program "Mleko w szkole" jako wsparcie sektora mleczarskiego w Polsce
"School milk" programme as a support to dairy brunch in Poland

Autorzy:

Swistak, E.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/865043.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists

Tematy:

Polska
dotacje unijne
finanse publiczne
gospodarstwa domowe
mleczarstwo
mleko
przetwory mleczne
program Mleko w Szkole
realizacja programow
spozycie mleka
spozycie zywnosci
szkoly
zrodla finansowania

Opis:

Program „mleko w szkole” realizowany w wielu krajach .wiata pełni dwojakiego rodzaju funkcje: z jednej strony przyczynia się do poprawy stanu odżywienia dzieci i wykształcenia u nich właściwych nawyków żywieniowych, z drugiej stanowi jedno z narzędzi interwencjonizmu państwowego, chroniącego dochody producentów mleka. System dopłat do programu, jednolity dla wszystkich krajów Unii Europejskiej, choć niedoskonały, jest przykładem pozytywnego wykorzystania procesów globalizacyjnych, nie zawsze tak jednoznacznie ocenianych.
"School Milk" Programme performer in several countries of the world plays double function: a) improvement of nutritional status among children along with development of prudent food habits, b) one of the state intervention mechanism protecting milk producer. In this paper current performance of the "Milk School" Program in Poland was analized in the contest of the situation in the Polish milk sector. Both the EU and national legislations related to finance of the programme aimed at development of its extension was also presented.

Źródło:

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu; 2009, 11, 5
1508-3535
2450-7296

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

Rolnictwo ekologiczne jako czynnik rozwoju zrównoważonej konsumpcji
Organic farming as a development factor of sustainable consumption

Autorzy:

Kowalska, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43842.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

rolnictwo ekologiczne
zywnosc ekologiczna
spozycie zywnosci
konsumpcja zrownowazona

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2015, 37, 3
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

Struktura i sezonowość spożycia żywności przez czteroosobowe rodziny pracownicze regionu olsztyńskiego w latach 1980-1982
Pattern and seasonal differences in the consumption of food by four-member families of workers in the Olsztyn region in the years 1980-1982
Sostav i szonnye izmenenija pitanija v rabotnichikh sem’jakh s chetyr’mja chlenami v ol’shtin’ckom pajjone v godakh 1980-1982

Autorzy:

Aleksiejczyk, Z.
Sobkowska, J.
Najda, B.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/875998.pdf

Data publikacji:

1985

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

spozycie
Olsztyn
wyniki badan
sezon
zywnosc
rodziny
regiony

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1985, 36, 3
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

Dried vegetables snacks – review of the process technologies and consumption preferences among students
Suszone przekąski warzywne – zarys technologii wytwarzania i poziom akceptacji wśród studentów

Autorzy:

Piwowar, Arkadiusz
Teleszko, Mirosława
Rychlik, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952316.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

vegetables
snacks
consumptions
preferences
warzywa
przekąski
spożycie
preferencje

Opis:

Vegetables are a basic element of each diet and their relatively low consumption in Poland is a stimulus to look for new attractive forms of the products. This paper presents an outline of production technologies of dried vegetable snacks and results of a questionnaire on vegetable consumption and social acceptance of new products in the area as described in this paper. The new processing technologies of vegetable snacks are based on a drying method that generates products attractive in terms of physical and chemical properties. A questionnaire survey shows that interest among respondents to buy snacks made of root vegetables is highest with respect to carrot-based products. The respondents highly assessed visual properties of the new product, primarily the colour and shape.
Warzywa to podstawowy element diety, a ich relatywnie niskie spożycie w Polsce skłania do poszukiwania nowych, atrakcyjnych form produktów. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zarys technologii produkcji suszonych przekąsek z warzyw oraz wyniki badań ankietowych dotyczących spożycia warzyw i akceptacji społecznej dla nowych produktów w zakresie przedmiotowym opisywanym w niniejszej pracy. Nowe technologie produkcji tzw. snacków warzywnych, oparte na metodzie suszenia, pozwalają uzyskać atrakcyjne pod względem właściwości fizyko-chemicznych produkty. Z przeprowadzonych metodą ankietową badań wynika, że skłonność respondentów do zakupu przekąsek z warzyw korzeniowych była największa w przypadku produktów marchwiowych. Respondenci wysoko ocenili walory wizualne nowego produktu, w tym głównie barwę i kształt.

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2017, 43, 1; 191-199
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

Badania jakości popularnych wyrobów ekstrudowanej galanterii śniadaniowej
Investigate the quality of popular products extruded cereal breakfast

Autorzy:

Żelaziński, T.
Pieczykolan, P.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/77523.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa

Tematy:

galanteria sniadaniowa
spozycie zywnosci
produkty ekstrudowane
ocena jakosci
analiza sensoryczna
popularnosc

Źródło:

Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa; 2015, 17, 1
1730-8658

Pojawia się w:

Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

Niedobory konsumpcji w zakresie żywności w polskich gospodarstwach domowych według grup społeczno-ekonomicznych
Food consumption deficiency across socio-economic groups of Polish households

Autorzy:

Stanislawska, J.
Glowicka-Woloszyn, R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/863475.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists

Tematy:

Polska
gospodarstwa domowe
zywnosc
spozycie zywnosci
niedobory zywieniowe
grupy spoleczno-ekonomiczne

Opis:

Celem badań była ocena poziomu niedoborów konsumpcji w zakresie różnych rodzajów artykułów spożywczych w polskich gospodarstwach domowych w latach 2005-2013 w przekroju grup społeczno-ekonomicznych. Dokonano również analizy dynamiki zjawiska. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie jednostkowych danych Diagnozy Społecznej za lata 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 i 2013. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że w analizowanym okresie najniższy poziom niedoborów wszystkich rozpatrywanych rodzajów żywności odnotowano w gospodarstwach domowych pracujących na własny rachunek, następnie pracowników, rolników, relatywnie wysoki w gospodarstwach domowych emerytów i rencistów, a najwyższy w grupie gospodarstw domowych utrzymujących się z niezarobkowych źródeł utrzymania. W analizowanym okresie najwyższe niedobory dotyczyły zakupu ryb i ich przetworów i pomimo odnotowania dużego ich spadku, w 2013 roku nadal prawie co czwarte gospodarstwo domowe rolników, emerytów i rencistów oraz co drugie utrzymujące się z niezarobkowych źródeł rezygnowało ze względów finansowych z zakupu tych produktów.
The aim of the article was to assess the level and dynamics of consumption deficiency of various classes of food products across socio-economic groups of Polish households in 2005-13. The research drew on the microdata from the Social Diagnosis studies of 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013. All considered food classes showed the lowest level of deficiency among self-employed, followed by employees and farmers, a relatively high one among retirees and pensioners, and the highest among the living on unearned sources. The most acute deficiencies involved fresh and processed fish, and despite notable improvement over the analyzed period, still in 2013 almost one in four farmer, retiree, or pensioner households, and one in two living on unearned sources, had to forgo the expense due to financial constraints.

Źródło:

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu; 2015, 17, 6
1508-3535
2450-7296

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

Preferencje konsumentow zwiazane ze spozywaniem wod butelkowanych
Consumer preferences of bottled water

Autorzy:

Krelowska-Kulas, M

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14993.pdf

Data publikacji:

2007

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza

Tematy:

wody mineralne
preferencje konsumentow
spozycie zywnosci
wody butelkowane
wiek
wyksztalcenie
konsumenci

Opis:

Badano preferencje konsumentów związane ze spożywaniem wód butelkowanych. Stwierdzono, że preferencje były związane z zakupem wód butelkowanych „Nałęczowianka” (33%), „Muszynianka” (26%), „Piwniczanka” (19%)) i piciem zgodnie z wiekiem i wykształceniem konsumentów.
The aim of the study was to examine consumers' preferences related to consumption of bottled waters. It was found that the preferences related to bottled waters purchase („Nalęczowianka” (33%), „Muszynianka” (26%), „Piwniczanka” (19%)) and drinking were diversified according to the age and education of consumers.

Źródło:

Journal of Elementology; 2007, 12, 1; 55-62
1644-2296

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Elementology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

Konsumpcja jako czynnik wzrostu PKB w Polsce
Consumption as a GDP Growth Factor in Poland

Autorzy:

Świetlik, Krystyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/445343.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny

Tematy:

popyt krajowy
spożycie indywidualne
spożycie zbiorowe
akumulacja
kryzys zadłużeniowy
recesja
GDP
domestic demand
individual consumption
collective consumption
accumulation
debt crisis
recession

Opis:

PKB w rachunkach narodowych jest sumarycznym ujęciem spożycia (indywidualnego oraz zbiorowego) i akumulacji brutto. Zaburzenia na światowych rynkach finansowych zapoczątkowane w połowie 2008 r., globalna recesja i kryzys zadłużeniowy państw strefy euro doprowadziły do znacznego osłabienia aktywności gospodarki światowej, co nie pozostało bez wpływu na gospodarkę polską. Relatywnie wysokie tempo wzrostu popytu konsumpcyjnego w Polsce, pomimo spowolnienia gospodarczego, osłabiło działanie niekorzystnych czynników związanych z kryzysem gospodarczym i przełożyło się na dodatnie, wyższe od średnich w Unii Europejskiej, wskaźniki dynamiki PKB. Silny popyt wewnętrzny i konsumpcja prywatna są mocnymi stronami polskiej gospodarki, przyczyniającymi się do zachowania wzrostu gospodarczego, nawet w obliczu niekorzystnych warunków na rynkach międzynarodowych.
GDP in the national accounts is a summary expression of consumption (individual and collective) and gross accumulation. Turbulences in the global financial markets originated in the mid-2008, the global recession and debt crisis of the Eurozone countries have led to a significant weakening of activity of the global economy what has also its effect or the Polish economy. The relatively high rate of growth of consumer demand in Poland, despite the economic downturn, has weakened action of unfavourable factors connected with the economic crisis and has been translated into positive, higher than the average in the European Union, indicators of the GDP dynamics. The strong internal demand and private consumption are strengths of the Polish economy facilitating retention of the economic growth, even in the face of unfavourable conditions in the international markets.

Źródło:

Konsumpcja i Rozwój; 2012, 1(2); 13-23
2083-6929

Pojawia się w:

Konsumpcja i Rozwój

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

Aspekty ekologiczne w wodach podziemnych przeznaczonych do spożycia z obszaru Tczewa
Ecological aspects in ground waters meant for consumption from Tczew area

Autorzy:

Wons, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/337295.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych

Tematy:

woda podziemna
spożycie
Tczew
ekologia
ground water
consumption
ecology

Opis:

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analiz wód podziemnych, które jako jeden z najcenniejszych abiotycznych elementów środowiska podlegają szczególnej ochronie. Wieloletnie wyniki badań, obejmowały dwa ujęcia wody „Park" i „Motława" w Tczewie (północna Polska), na które składało się 19 otworów eksploatacyjnych ujmujących wody z trzech warstw wodonośnych: kredy (4), trzeciorzędu (10) i 5 trzeciorzędowo-czwartorzędowe. Stwierdzono, niskie zawartości NO2 (od 0,000 mg/dm-3 NO2 do 0,043 mg/dm-3 NO2) i NO-3 (od 0,09 mg/dm-3 NOf do 0,26mg/dm-3 NO-3), które były poniżej obowiązujących norm NDS. Nieco inaczej kształtowały się zawartości amoniaku (NH4 ), którego zawartość w wodach surowych w ujęciu całościowym każdego ujęcia charakteryzowała się przekroczeniem normy NDS. Oddzielnym problemem są fluorki w wodach, których stężenia mieściły się w granicach od 0,28 do 2,80 mg/dm-3 F przy najwyższym dopuszczalnym stężeniu (NDS) równym 1,5 mg/dm- F. Wykazano, że 38% próbek przekraczało normę jakości. Stwierdzono, że najwyższe stężenia fluorków miały miejsce w wodach pobieranych z poziomów wodonośnych kredy do głębokości 150 m. Mieszanie wód pochodzących z różnych warstw wodonośnych okazało się wystarczającym zabiegiem dla uzyskania wody dobrej jakości o optymalnym stężeniu fluorków.
Results of ground waters analysis, which as one of the most precious abiotic elements of the environment are under special protection, were presented in the work. Long-term research results included 2 water intakes "Park" and "Motława" in Tczew (northern Poland) consisting of 19 operational openings taking water from three water-bearing layers: Cretaceous (4), Teritary (10) and 5 Teritary-Cretaceous. Low content of NO2 (from 0,000 mg/dm-3 NO2 to 0,043 mg/dm-3 NO2) and NO3 (from 0,09 mg/dm-3 NO3 to 0,26 mg/dm-3 NO3) was found, placing lower than the NDS obligatory standards. Ammonia content (NH4+) turned out differently. Its content in raw water in general depiction of every water intake was characterized by overrunning the NDS standards. Fluorides in waters are a separate problem, the concentration of which was between 0,28 to 2,80mg/dm-3 F at the highest concentration allowable (NDS) equaling 1,5 mg/dm-3. It wasproved that 38% of samples over run the quality standards. It was noted that the highest fluorides' concentration level was present in waters taken from water-bearing Cretaceous levels down to 150 m. Mixing the waters coming from different water-bearing layers turned out to be a sufficient procedure for getting good quality water with optimum fluorides' concentration.

Źródło:

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2009, 54, 4; 178-184
1642-686X
2719-423X

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

Weryfikacja fotomodeli produktów i potraw stosowanych w ocenie poziomu spożycia żywności
Verification of photomodels of products and dishes used for evaluating the level of food consumption

Autorzy:

Zielinska, Z.
Kulesza, W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/873343.pdf

Data publikacji:

1979

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

zywnosc
produkty
potrawy
spozycie zywnosci
metoda wagowa
badania zywieniowe

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1979, 30, 2
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

Formalno-prawne aspekty dotyczące zasobów wód podziemnych będące w kompetencji administracji geologicznej szczebla powiatowego i wojewódzkiego
Selected issues of hydrogeological scope in the work of district and provincial geologist

Autorzy:

Herbich, P.
Mikołajków, J.
Przytuła, E.
Woźnicka, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075297.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

hydrogeologia
zasoby wód podziemnych
spożycie wody podziemnej
hydrogeology
groundwater resources
groundwater intake

Opis:

Hydrogeological problems are present in the district and provincial geologists' activity. Their taking into account is obligatory by the acts of law. The subject matter of the groundwater comes up in case of groundwater intakes (exploitation resources, geological works projects, groundwater withdrawal licenses) as well as in land use and industrial investments activity. In the current activity of the central and local government offices the essential is the access to the water management data which determines the effective process of issuing the licenses, decisions and agreements.

Źródło:

Przegląd Geologiczny; 2015, 63, 12/1; 1404--1409
0033-2151

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Geologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

Struktura, dynamika i kierunki zmian na światowym rynku piwa
Structure, dynamics and directions of changes on the world beer market

Autorzy:

Golas, Z.
Scibek, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44567.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

rynek piwa
rynek swiatowy
struktura rynku
kierunki zmian
produkcja piwa
piwo
spozycie

Opis:

W artykule przedstawiono strukturę i dynamikę zmian światowego rynku piwa, a także analizowano produkcję i sprzedaż piwa, handel zagraniczny piwem, marki piwa oraz konsumpcję piwa w latach 1999-2004.
The report shows the results of analysis of a structure and dynamics of changes in the world beer market. In the article there are analysed production and sale of beer, the beer foreign trade, brands and consumption of beer in years 1999-2004. The research carried out shows that Europe plays the major role in the world beer production, it is the region of the biggest beer tradition in the world. However, the market leader position belongs to China, which in case of beer production has already overtaken position of longstanding beer market leader – United States. Geography and dynamics of beer sale have been changed as well. Distinct slowing down in beer sale on markets of the biggest beer traditions can be noticed, while on the area of Central East Europe, East Europe and Asia the strong dynamics of sale can be observed. The reasons of such a trend are various, mostly the changes are triggered by strongly differentiated level of beer consumption per capita and changes in costumers tastes, much more focused on consuming soft alcoholic drinks.

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2009, 14, 4
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania rozwoju produkcji mięsa wieprzowego na świecie
Economic conditioning of pork production development in the world

Autorzy:

Kozera, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43360.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

rynek miesny
mieso wieprzowe
spozycie zywnosci
produkcja miesa
zywiec wieprzowy
rynek swiatowy

Opis:

W artykule analizowano uwarunkowania ekonomiczne produkcji mięsa wieprzowego na świecie. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na koszty produkcji w ujęciu rodzajowym oraz w układzie regionalnym.
The authors try to define the specific economic conditions of pork production in the world. Differentiation of pig production in regional and species scheme was also analysed and some predictions of the world pig market in the future presented. This paper presents also the regions that have particular conditions to develop pork production and to be leaders on the world pork market.

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2010, 16, 2
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

Symptomy ekologizacji konsumpcji w zachowaniach konsumentów na rynku żywności pochodzenia zwierzęcego
Ecologization of consumption symptoms in consumer behaviour on the food market of animal origin

Autorzy:

Sajdakowska, M.
Zakowska-Biemans, S.
Gutkowska, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43535.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

zywnosc pochodzenia zwierzecego
spozycie zywnosci
ekologizacja konsumpcji
konsumenci
zachowania konsumenckie
badania ankietowe

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2015, 37, 3
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

Ocena struktury spożycia żywności w Polsce w aspekcie wymogów zrównoważonej konsumpcji
Evaluation of the structure of food consumption in Poland in the context of demands of sustainable consumption

Autorzy:

Rejman, K.
Kowrygo, B.
Laskowski, W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43180.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

zywnosc
spozycie zywnosci
struktura spozycia
gospodarstwa domowe
konsumpcja zrownowazona
Polska

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2015, 37, 3
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Badania uwarunkowań spożywania napojów energetyzujących przez studentów
Studies on the determinants of energy drinks intake by students

Autorzy:

Kopacz, A
Wawrzyniak, A
Hamulka, J
Gornicka, M

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/875461.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

zywienie czlowieka
studenci
napoje energetyzujace
spozycie zywnosci
sondaze diagnostyczne
popularnosc

Opis:

Wprowadzenie. Napoje energetyzujące zaliczane są do jednych z najbardziej popularnych produktów funkcjonalnych. Zawarte w nich substancje bioaktywne mogą wywoływać korzystny wpływ na organizm, choć nadmierne spożycie napojów energetyzujących lub stosowanie ich niezgodnie z ich przeznaczeniem może stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia. Cel badań. Przedmiotem pracy było zbadanie i ocena uwarunkowań i okoliczności spożywania napojów energetyzujących oraz wiedzy i opinii wybranej grupy studentów na powyższy temat. Materiał i metoda. Badania przeprowadzono w Warszawie w marcu 2011 roku wśród 92 studentów Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego (SGGW) oraz Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego (AWF). W pracy wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Wyniki. Napoje energetyzujące spożywało 67% badanych. Badani spożywali napoje energetyzujące głównie w celu zmniejszenia senności (45,2%). Najczęściej pili je podczas nauki w sesji egzaminacyjnej (21,0%), a po ich wypiciu odczuwali pobudzenie (72,9%), kołatanie serca (32,2%) oraz bezsenność (25,8%). Osoby spożywające napoje energetyzujące uważały je za skuteczne (88,7%), smaczne (41,9%) i niebezpieczne dla zdrowia (43,6%). Zdecydowana większość badanych (80,7%) mieszała napoje energetyzujące z alkoholem. Co czwarty badany nie czytał składu spożywanych napojów. Wnioski. Napoje energetyzujące okazały się popularnym produktem spożywczym wśród studentów. Po wypiciu napojów energetyzujących studenci najczęściej odczuwali pobudzenie, ale również niekorzystne objawy. Należy zwracać uwagę na skład napojów energetyzujących, co świadczy o świadomości konsumentów.
Background. Energy drinks are among the most popular functional products. They contain bioactive substances which may produce beneficial effects on the body, but excessive consumption of energy drinks or use them in accordance with their intended use may be dangerous to health. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess determinants and circumstances of energy drinks consuming in selected group of students, their opinion and knowledge on energy drinks. Material and method. The study was conducted in March 2011 in Warsaw and included 92 students from Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS) and from University of Physical Education (UPE). The data was collected using diagnostic survey. Results. Energy drinks consumed 67% of the respondents. The most common reason for drinking energy drinks was to stay awake (45.2%). They most often drank them during the examination session (21.0%) and afterwards they experienced stimulation (72.9%), but also palpitations (32.2%) and insomnia (25.8%). Students who consumed energy drinks confirmed that they are effective (88.7%) and tasty (41.9%), but dangerous for health (43.5%). Majority of all users of energy drinks (80.7%) mixed them with alcohol. Every fourth respondent did not read the composition of the consumed beverages. Conclusions. Energy drinks have been a popular food product among students. After energy drinks consumption students often felt agitated but also experienced negative symptoms. Young people have to pay attention to the composition of energy drinks, what proves their consciousness.

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2012, 63, 4
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

Statystyczna analiza wyników badań wykorzystania białka mierzonego jako NPUst i NPUop
A statistical analysis of data on the utilization of proteins measured in terms of NPUst and NPUop

Autorzy:

Kunachowicz, H.
Zielinska, Z.
Rakowska, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/875326.pdf

Data publikacji:

1972

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

bialko
wyniki badan
analiza
statystyka
dieta
szczury
wiek zwierzat
zwierzeta doswiadczalne
spozycie bialka

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1972, 23, 2
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

Nutritional habits of perinatal women for consumption of butter and margarine
Zwyczaje zywieniowe kobiet w okresie okoloporodowym w zakresie spozycia masla i margaryny

Autorzy:

Wadolowska, L.
Przybylowicz, K.
Trzaskowska, M.A.
Cichon, R.
Kozikowski, W.
Klobukowski, J.
Stefanowicz, M.
Romaszko, E.
Malarkiewicz, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373146.pdf

Data publikacji:

1997

Wydawca:

Instytut Rozrodu Zwierząt i Badań Żywności Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Olsztynie

Tematy:

maslo
okres okoloporodowy
tluszcze jadalne
nawyki zywieniowe
spozycie zywnosci
kobiety
margaryna
zywienie czlowieka

Opis:

The nutritional habits of perinatal women for consumption of butter and margarine were determined. The study was performed on 231 women by collecting the information about both the consumption of fats used as bread spreads or dish and culinary additives, and the amount of margarine consumed regularly for spreading on bread. The correlation between the nutritional habits and selected socio-economical factors such as place of residence, education, occupation and declared economical status, was analysed. Margarines were found to be used commonly for spreading on bread and were more often used for preparing cakes and cake fillings than butter. These two fats were thus recognized as the most important sources of trans fatty acid isomers taken by the studied women. No correlation was found between the intake of margarine as bread spread and examined socio-economical factors. High consumption of margarines by perinatal women should be considered alarming because of the possibility for the incidence of trans fatty acid isomers in breast milk in the amounts that are danger for the health of their children.
Określono zwyczaje żywieniowe kobiet w okresie okołoporodowym w zakresie spożycia masła i margaryny. Badaniami objęto 231 kobiet zbierając informacje o spożyciu tłuszczów stosowanych do smarowania pieczywa, dodawanych do potraw i stosowanych w procesach kulinarnych oraz określając ilość zwyczajowo spożywanych margaryn stosowanych do smarowania pieczywa. Analizie poddano współzależność rozpatrywanych cech odżywiania z wybranymi czynnikami socjoekonomicznymi, tj. miejscem zamieszkania, wykształceniem, rodzajem wykonywanej pracy i deklarowaną sytuacją materialną. Stwierdzone powszechne stosowanie margaryn do smarowania pieczywa oraz w porównaniu z masłem ich szersze wykorzystanie do wypieku ciast i przygotowywania kremów pozwoliło uznać te dwa źródła za najistotniejsze w spożyciu trans izomerów kwasów tłuszczowych przez badane kobiety (rys. 1,4,5,6). Nie stwierdzono współzależności pomiędzy spożyciem margaryn do smarowania pieczywa a rozpatrywanymi czynnikami socjoekonomicznymi (tab.1). Wykazano wysokie spożycie margaryn przez badane kobiety w okresie okołoporodowym uznając je za niepokojące z uwagi na możliwość pojawienia się trans izomerów kwasów tłuszczowych w mleku kobiecym w ilościach stwarzających zagrożenie dla zdrowia ich dzieci.

Źródło:

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences; 1997, 06, 1; 127-136
1230-0322
2083-6007

Pojawia się w:

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

Ziemniak - strategiczna roslina dla Polski zadania dla nowej organizacji branzowej

Autorzy:

Nowacki, W

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/834512.pdf

Data publikacji:

2001

Wydawca:

Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

Tematy:

spozycie
Stowarzyszenie Polski Ziemniak
uprawa roslin
ziemniaki
podaz
consumption
plant cultivation
potato
supply

Źródło:

Ziemniak Polski; 2001, 3; 33-38
1425-4263

Pojawia się w:

Ziemniak Polski

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Dylematy rozwoju konsumpcji żywności w warunkach niestabilnej koniunktury
Dilemmas of Food Consumption Development under the Conditions of Unstable Economic Situation

Autorzy:

Świetlik, Krystyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/445354.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny

Tematy:

PKB
dochody realne
spożycie indywidualne
konsumpcja żywności
GDP
real incomes
individual consumption
food consumption

Opis:

W latach 2009-2013, w wyniku spowolnienia tempa wzrostu PKB, któremu towarzyszyły negatywne zjawiska na rynku pracy, stosunkowo wysoka inflacja i niska dynamika realnych dochodów ludności, nastąpiło zmniejszenie tempa wzrostu konsumpcji indywidualnej i bezwzględna redukcja popytu na żywność. W połowie 2013 r. gospodarka Polski weszła na ścieżkę wzrostu. Obserwacje rynku wskazują na ożywienie konsumpcji. Celem prezentowanego opracowania jest przedstawienie głównych makroekonomicznych uwarunkowań spożycia żywności w 2013 r. na tle lat wcześniejszych, zobrazowanie skali jego zmian, wskazanie przewidywanych kierunków jego rozwoju w 2014 r. oraz identyfikacja najważniejszych czynników ryzyka sugerowanych projekcji. W pracy wykorzystano dane rachunków narodowych GUS, wyniki badań budżetów gospodarstw domowych prowadzonych przez GUS, wyniki badań NBP, Ministerstwa Finansów oraz innych krajowych i zagranicznych instytucji, jak również wyniki własnych analiz statystyki rynkowej. W badaniach zastosowano głównie metody analizy statystycznej i ekonomicznej.
In the years 2009-2013, in result of the slowdown of the rate of GDP growth, which was accompanied by negative phenomena in the labour market, a relatively high inflation and low dynamics of population’s real incomes, there took place a decrease in the rate of growth of individual consumption and an absolute reduction of demand for foods. In the mid-2013, the Poland’s economy entered the growth path. The market observations indicate consumption recovery. An aim of the presented study is to show the main macroeconomic determinants of food consumption in 2013 against the background of earlier years, to illustrate the scale of its changes, to indicate the anticipated directions of its development in 2014 as well as to identify the most important risk factors of the suggested projections. In her work, the author used the data of national accounts prepared by the Central Statistical Office (GUS), outcomes of household budgets surveys carried out by GUS, research findings of the NBP, the Ministry of Finance and other national and foreign institutions as well as the results of own analyses of the market statistics. In the research, there were mainly applied the methods of statistical and economic analysis.

Źródło:

Konsumpcja i Rozwój; 2014, 3(8); 16-30
2083-6929

Pojawia się w:

Konsumpcja i Rozwój

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

Spożycie napojów alkoholowych w Polsce w 1980 r.
Consumption of Alcohol in Poland in 1980

Autorzy:

Jasiński, Jerzy

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699174.pdf

Data publikacji:

1984

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

napoje alkoholowe
spożycie alkoholu
Polska
pozwany
konsument
alcohol consumption
alcohol
respondent
consumer
problems
; consumer

Opis:

    The study described in the paper and has been conceived as a continuation and  partly a repetition or studies carried out in 1961 and 1962 by A. Swięcicki and then in 1968 by J. K. Falewicz.  All of these studies were carried out by the Centre for Public Opinion Survey (now: Centre for Public Opinion Survey and Program Studies) of the Committee for Radio and TV in Warsaw. The instrument used in them was a questionnaire filled in by the interviewer during his interview with the respondent.     The first study, conducted in February and March 1961, included a sample of a population aged 20 and over, while in the second one, which was made in October  1962, u sample aged 18 and over was included. In both studies, the assumed samples numbered 3000 respondents each, the obtained sample being 95.6 per cent and 93.6 per cent of the assumed sample  respectively. The third study was carried out in March and April 1968: it included a sample of population aged 18  and over (assumed sample - 3212 respondents, obtained sample – 91.7 per cent). The present, i.e., the fourth study, was conducted in September  1980 and it included a sample  of population aged 16 and over, of the assumed size of 2000 respondents; the obtained sample  numbered 1972 persons, which  is 98.6 per cent of the assumed one. In the case of all the four studies the deviation  of the obtained sample from the assumed one was slight which permitted them to be treated as random sample of the general population.      The chief aim of the 1980 study was to obtain data which would be comparable with those previously  acquired  and those up-to-date, concerning the distribution of consumption of alcohol among the population of Poland. The previous studies, dating back at least a dozen years, were not only old, but they were carried out in the period when general level of consumption of alcohol was approximately half of that in 1980. It seemed more  difficult to answer the question to what degree the observations then made still applied to the new situation. There was a demand for some new data it last to replace the guesses made from the factual basis which, as the years went by, became more and more uncertain.          In spite of the fact that the present study wbs made in the same way as the previous ones, it seems that the above aims have not been achieved. The data now obtained are not fully comparable with the previous, first of all because the 1980 survey successfully covered a considerably smaller amount of alcohol consumed  in our country than those of  1961 and 1962. Undoubtedly, this was caused by various factors, the most important of which being probably the fact that the representation among the respondents of persons who drank intensively and most intensively was scantier in the present study than it had been in the studies conducted by A. Swięcicki. Consequently, the 1961-1962 and 1980 surveys  concerned different categories of drinking persons, the ranges of which were not identical in both cases.        As regards the scond aim of the study, which was to obtain current data on consumption of alcohol in Poland, we were unsuccessful again, as life proved to run too fast. The 1980 survey was carried out in October 1980, that is one might say at the last moment before the difficulties with alcohol supplies began, as yet unknown in our country, which resulted in regulated sale of alcoholic beverages. This caused the appearance of new phenomena as well as the aggravation of those hitherto existing, Undoubtedly, it was a new phenomenon that people started to buy alcohol not only to consume it, but also to gret rid of the rapidly devaluating money, or in order to obtain a kind of exchange value. Other new phenomena were: trade in coupons entitling one to buy alcohol, and the appearance of black-market prices of spirits produced by the State-controlled distilleries; in certain periods, these prices were twice as high as the official ones. Speaking of aggravation of the existing phenomena, we had in mind first of all the illicit distillation of liquor, the attractiveness of which increased greatly in the face of joint effect of two circumstances: the rapid increase in the price of legally distilled and imported alcohol, and the difficulties in its legal (and even illegal) purchase. It was impossible for the 1980 survey to answer the following questions: what the influence of all these phenomena on the patterns of drinking that had already been shaped before in our country was, and how these patterns were modified. It is known that people drink somewhat differently now. It may be supposed that the persons who used to consume small amounts of alcohol before and who used to drink with restraint now drink less or do not drink at all, while those who used to drink much before - even if they do drink less now, the difference is slight, the illegally distilled liquor playing a greater part in the total amount of alcohol they consume. As to this last problem, opinions are expressed according to which consumption of the illegally distilles liquor has become a much more popular experiences in the course  of the ‘80s than it had been before. Finally, conjectures are made that alcohol-dependent persons, after the first period of difficulties with providing themselves with the amount of alcohol which would be adequate to their habits, in general have now found ways to satisfy their needs in this respect. It remains a guess if the above conjectures are true or not, and the same applies to suppositions concerning persistent or temporary character of the abovementioned changes in patterns of consumption of alcohol. Thus the results of the survey describe the situation as it was a few years ago as this situation undoubtedly changed later on.        As the paper clearly shows, consumption of alcohol in Poland is a common phenomenon: an everyday habit for many of our fellow citizens, a regular one (though not necessarily at regular intervals)- for the majority. In a statistical-descriptive sense drinking should, therefore, be termed normal behaviour, as it appears more or less regularly in the behaviour of a majority of adult members of our society, whenever they find themselves in situations such as celebrations family, meeting  friends, or official occasions.        The above remarks by no means solve the question of estimation of drinking, which- in spite of its habitual character in the statistical-descriptive sense- may in some cases be recognized as most deeply pathological in the medical sense, and in the same adn frequently also in other cases- as pathological in its social expression.       As regards the medical appraisal- the questionnaire did not contain a large set of questions of this kind, therefore, it was able to yield but a most scanty basis fof conjectures as to the symptoms of alcohol dependence of some of the respondents.       The situation was different as regards the social appraisal of the consumption of alcohol. In order to make use of such an  appraisal, an initial poblem had to be solved: what amount, frequency, and way of consuming alcohol should or should not be regarded as that included within the limits of a „social norm”. The problem is complex, for, on the one hand, the opinions as to where the limits are vary in our socjety, and, on the other hand, there are probably many such limits, depending not only on the person who is to fix them, but also on that to whom they may apply. It is generally known that in our society there are advocates of prohibition (who are of opinion that zero consumption should be the social norm), as well as propagators of „reasonable consumption” which is a term with many shades, and finally adherents of opinion that consumption of alcohol is a private matter for everyone to decide by himself (that is those who consider  any  kind of drinking, as well as abstinence, to come within the limits of socially approved norm).  Apart from the advocates of the two extreme opinions, which provide one norm for all members of the society,  others, i.e., the propagators of „reasonable” drinking tend to emploi a norm according to who the drinking person is. This finds expression in a different attitude towards drinking by men and women, tolerance towards the drinking by adults accompanied by strict disapproval in the case of the youth, different expectations as to the attitude towards alcohol drinking by members of different socio-professional groups. In this situation, with the lack of a common opinion as regards „socially normal” drinking, it seemed preferable to refrain from estimating the alcohol consumption in terms of social pathology.        In a survey of alcohol consumption in which samples of population of the entire country or a smaller territory are included, it is vital how the questions about the respondents’  drinking habits are asked. In the research practice, two solutions of this problem have been provided: first, to ask about the last occasion on which the respondent drank, what he drank then, how much he drank and in what circumstances, and second, to ask about his drinking within a given, shorter or longer, period of time. It has been a tradition of Polish studies in this field to choose the first of these solutions, so this method has also been employed in the present study. The last occasion was treated as typical of the respondent’s  way of drinking, and a yearly consumption was calculated for each of tchem, as well as for all persons included in the sample. As compared with the data on alcohol sale gathered in our country, it appeared that the 1980 survey covered 43 per cent of the total of consumed vodka. This percentage corresponds to that which can be found in analogous foreign studies, yeti t is considerably lower than the one obtained by A. Święcicki in his 1961 and particularly 1962 studies. The probable effect on the comparability of this studies with the present one has already been discussed  above. Interest was also paid in the questionnaire to the consumption of home-made wine, which appeared to account for 39 per cent of the consumption of purchased wine covered by the study, and the consumption of „home-distilled vodka” (i.e., moonshine alcohol) which, according to the present study, accounted for 5.5 per cent of the consumption of purchased vodka. Ona may guess that the latter percentage was in reality higher, and that it has now increased even more.       As is generally known, Poland is one of the countries where the general level of consumption of alcohol is medium, yet the structure of consumption is most unfavourable. Over  3/4 of the consumed alcohol  is being drunk in Poland in the from of vodka and other strong drinks. A similar structure of consumption can be found in most parts of the Soviet Union, and to a smaller degree in the Scandinavian countries (except Denmark, where the dominating alcoholic beverage is beer).      One of the common features of alcohol consumption is its great concentration,  which means that relatively few consumers drink a share of alcohol disproportionately large  to their number.  As revealed by the 1980 survey, 45 per cent of the entire  purchased and home-made wine covered by the study was being drunk by3.5 per cent of consumers of wine, 52 per cent of vodka  was being  drunk by 9 per cent of consumers of vodka,  and 46 per cent of beer  was being drunk by 10 per cent of consumers of beer. Taking into account that the study included a relatively small numer of persons  who drink intensively and particularly those who drink most intensively, the real concentration of consumption of separate types of alcoholic beverages must be expected to be still higher in our country.              The interdependence of consumption of different alcoholic beverages is closely connected  with the problem of concetration of consumption. It appeared that the  fact of drinking one kind of alcoholic  beverage augmented the likelihood of drinking another one as well. This convergence was most marked as regards consumption of vodka and beer, as well as vodka and purchased wine  (and also purchased and home-made wine); it was the least  marked in the case of the consumption of home-made wine and vodka, and home-made wine and beer.Among the persons who drank at least two of the above mentioned kinds of beverages, the frequent drinking of one of them was not necessarily connected with frequent drinking of the other:  on the other hand, those who drnak large amounts of one of the beverages, drank also large amounts of the other, while those who drank small amounts of one kind,  drank also small amounts of  the other.          According to the results of our survey, teetotallers, i.e., persons who do  not drink alcohol  at all, constituted nearly 17 per cent of our respondents.  As regards separate kinds of beverages, there were many more persons  who did not drink them; yet a significant regularity appeared, which should  be stressed in connection with the unfavourable structure of alcohol consumption in our country: the group of persons who never drank  vodka  was the least numerous, 25 per cent only, while there were 57-58 per cent of persons who never drank purchased wine and beer, and as many as 70 per cent of those who never drank home-made wine (the percentage for moonshine alcohol was 89 per cent). To repeat, not only as much as 71 per cent of alcohol  was consumed in our country in the form of vodka (strong drinks) in 1980, but also it was consumed by 75 per cent of the country's population aged 16 and over.          Opportunity, place, and company are the usually distinguished elements of the patterns of alcohol consumption  which can be found in the society. The 1980 survey permitted to separate three such patterns (of drinking vodka or wine):  family-celebration, friendly-social, drinking for purpose. According to the first one,  which has been mentioned by nearly half of the respondents who drank, the opportunity for drinking was a family meeting or celebration, with many participants, the place was a private appartment, the amounts of alcohol consumed were relatively smaller, and the participants were first of all persons who drank less than the average.  According  to the second pattern, which was mentioned by nearly every  third respondent, the opportunity was a social meeting or celebration, in which a smaller number of persons participated (as compared with the family meetings), the place was often also a private appartment, but in every fourth case  a restaurant as well, more alcohol was consumed, and among the participants the persons prevailed who drank a little more than the average.  According to the third pattern, drinking for purpose, mentioned by every seventh respondent, "no special occasion" was required for drinking, or drinking took place "in order to handle some business which made it necessary to drink a  glass", a small group of 3-4 persons participated, the most frequently chosen place, apart from one's own apartment, was a restaurant or place of employment, a relatively largest amount of alcohol was consumed, and a majority of participants drank much more than the average.        As is generally known, a particular problem in Poland is drinking at the place of employment;  the Goverment has repeatedly prohibited it, only to  learn that the renewal of the prohibition is apparently as timely as it is ineffective. Among the respondents employed in the State-controlled economy, two of every three persons happened to drink at work, every fourth happened to drink at least during the last month. The opportunity was usually a birthday or a name-day;  yet every sixth respondent happened to drink at work last "without special reason".        The information concerning the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed permits one to separate four ways of drinking: much and often, much and seldom, little and often, little and seldom. Among the consumers of different beverages the group of persons drinking little and seldom was the most numerous, particularly as regards the consumers of wine (both purchased and home-made), to a smaller degree - the consumers of vodka (and moonshine alcohol), and to the smallest degree - the consumers of beer. Also the groups of persons drinking much and seldom were relatively numerous, apart from consumers of beer, among whom the second most numerous group was that of persons drinking little and often. Every fourth or fifth consumer of beer, every seventh consumer of vodka, every fifteenth consumer of purchased wine and every twenty-seventh consumer of home-made wine drank much and often. As regards persons who, drank any two of the above mentioned beverages,  a convergence of their drinking patterns  could be noticed which consisted in the following regularity: if one of the beverages was consumed according to one of the patterns, the other was generally also consumed according to the same pattern.        Drinking "too much", "several consecutive days",  „more often than the respondent wishes”,  were considered an indicators of alcohol abuse. The persons who never happened to drink like this drank, on the whole, considerably smaller amounts of vodka than the average;  those who had happened to drink like this before consumed  markedly more vodka than the average; while those who have happened to drink like this at the time of the study consumed over twice as much vodka  than the average.       As shown by the analysis of answers to a variety of questions in the questionnaire, the amount of consumed alcohol  is connected with the respondent's  satisfaction with his life and his relations with others. Thus persons who were of opinion that life generally brings the people more  good than evil used to drink significantly less (vodka, purchased wine, as well as beer) than those who thought the opposite. Likewise, the respondents who considered themselves frequently underestimated by their closest family, drank significantly more than those who thought that they happened, though seldom, to have been underestimated. Finally, the persons who were of the opinion that their relations with their  families, neighbours, workmates, and superiors went badly,  used to drink significantly more than those who had no problems in this field.             The drinking persons' experiences with alcohol are both good and bad, and the tendency to study first of all, if not exclusively, the latter does not seem appropriate. In the 1980 survey questions about both kinds of experience were asked, which brought in a good deal of interesting  information. Thus it appeared that the drinking of a certain amount of alcohol in the company of a given person helped to solve professional prbblems for a number of persons which was two and a half times larger than the number of those whose  drinking  brought about serious professional trouble. In over   2/5 of the persons examined, alcohol helped to improve their relations with close friends and relatives, while it helped every third of them to settle their own subsistence problems profitably. As for the troubles resulting from drinking, it is striking that persons problems (poor health, family or financial problems) were mentioned two or  three Times more often than those connected with the respondents'  participation in a broader social environment (problems with neighbours, professional problems, and those with the authorities). The above seems to prove that in the customs and climate which exists in our country, the drinking persons perceive alcohol as bringing them more good than evil. As revealed by a closer analysis of the good and bad experience involved in drinking, they usually coexisted: the more good experience the respondents had, the larger was also the amount of their bad experience, and the more they drank. One could say that the persons who used to drink much and thus fell into trouble realized at the same time that drinking brought them various forms of satisfaction and profits. This undoubtedly intensified  their  tendency do drink, in spite of the trouble resulting from drinking.          The last problem to be discussed in the paper is the respondents'  victimization by aggressive behaviour of drunken persons and by their own intoxication. As regards the first problem, it should be stressed that contacts with attempted physical aggression (a drunken person trying to stop or catch the respondent) were frequent: within the year previous to the study nearly every third respondent experienced such an event. Every ninth respondent fell  victim to more serious acts of aggression ("more serious" meaning at least being physically assaulted). As regards unpleasant consequences of the respondent being intoxicated, the most frequent of them were: getting involved in a quarrel (which happened to every fourth or fifth respondent within the year previous to the study), loosing money or other valuable things (which happened to every ninth respondent). It is significant that the persons who experienced unpleasant consequences of being in the state of intoxication, drank over twice as much as on the average.         The  results of the study the extent, structure, and some correlates of the consumption of alcohol in our country described in the paper are an attempt at filling the gap in the studies of this problem which emerged in the '70s. Such studies should be repeated at not too, long intervals, in order to prevent the occurence of such gaps in the future
      The study described in the paper and has been conceived as a continuation and  partly a repetition or studies carried out in 1961 and 1962 by A. Swięcicki and then in 1968 by J. K. Falewicz.  All of these studies were carried out by the Centre for Public Opinion Survey (now: Centre for Public Opinion Survey and Program Studies) of the Committee for Radio and TV in Warsaw. The instrument used in them was a questionnaire filled in by the interviewer during his interview with the respondent.     The first study, conducted in February and March 1961, included a sample of a population aged 20 and over, while in the second one, which was made in October  1962, u sample aged 18 and over was included. In both studies, the assumed samples numbered 3000 respondents each, the obtained sample being 95.6 per cent and 93.6 per cent of the assumed sample  respectively. The third study was carried out in March and April 1968: it included a sample of population aged 18  and over (assumed sample - 3212 respondents, obtained sample – 91.7 per cent). The present, i.e., the fourth study, was conducted in September  1980 and it included a sample  of population aged 16 and over, of the assumed size of 2000 respondents; the obtained sample  numbered 1972 persons, which  is 98.6 per cent of the assumed one. In the case of all the four studies the deviation  of the obtained sample from the assumed one was slight which permitted them to be treated as random sample of the general population.      The chief aim of the 1980 study was to obtain data which would be comparable with those previously  acquired  and those up-to-date, concerning the distribution of consumption of alcohol among the population of Poland. The previous studies, dating back at least a dozen years, were not only old, but they were carried out in the period when general level of consumption of alcohol was approximately half of that in 1980. It seemed more  difficult to answer the question to what degree the observations then made still applied to the new situation. There was a demand for some new data it last to replace the guesses made from the factual basis which, as the years went by, became more and more uncertain.          In spite of the fact that the present study wbs made in the same way as the previous ones, it seems that the above aims have not been achieved. The data now obtained are not fully comparable with the previous, first of all because the 1980 survey successfully covered a considerably smaller amount of alcohol consumed  in our country than those of  1961 and 1962. Undoubtedly, this was caused by various factors, the most important of which being probably the fact that the representation among the respondents of persons who drank intensively and most intensively was scantier in the present study than it had been in the studies conducted by A. Swięcicki. Consequently, the 1961-1962 and 1980 surveys  concerned different categories of drinking persons, the ranges of which were not identical in both cases.        As regards the scond aim of the study, which was to obtain current data on consumption of alcohol in Poland, we were unsuccessful again, as life proved to run too fast. The 1980 survey was carried out in October 1980, that is one might say at the last moment before the difficulties with alcohol supplies began, as yet unknown in our country, which resulted in regulated sale of alcoholic beverages. This caused the appearance of new phenomena as well as the aggravation of those hitherto existing, Undoubtedly, it was a new phenomenon that people started to buy alcohol not only to consume it, but also to gret rid of the rapidly devaluating money, or in order to obtain a kind of exchange value. Other new phenomena were: trade in coupons entitling one to buy alcohol, and the appearance of black-market prices of spirits produced by the State-controlled distilleries; in certain periods, these prices were twice as high as the official ones. Speaking of aggravation of the existing phenomena, we had in mind first of all the illicit distillation of liquor, the attractiveness of which increased greatly in the face of joint effect of two circumstances: the rapid increase in the price of legally distilled and imported alcohol, and the difficulties in its legal (and even illegal) purchase. It was impossible for the 1980 survey to answer the following questions: what the influence of all these phenomena on the patterns of drinking that had already been shaped before in our country was, and how these patterns were modified. It is known that people drink somewhat differently now. It may be supposed that the persons who used to consume small amounts of alcohol before and who used to drink with restraint now drink less or do not drink at all, while those who used to drink much before - even if they do drink less now, the difference is slight, the illegally distilled liquor playing a greater part in the total amount of alcohol they consume. As to this last problem, opinions are expressed according to which consumption of the illegally distilles liquor has become a much more popular experiences in the course  of the ‘80s than it had been before. Finally, conjectures are made that alcohol-dependent persons, after the first period of difficulties with providing themselves with the amount of alcohol which would be adequate to their habits, in general have now found ways to satisfy their needs in this respect. It remains a guess if the above conjectures are true or not, and the same applies to suppositions concerning persistent or temporary character of the abovementioned changes in patterns of consumption of alcohol. Thus the results of the survey describe the situation as it was a few years ago as this situation undoubtedly changed later on.        As the paper clearly shows, consumption of alcohol in Poland is a common phenomenon: an everyday habit for many of our fellow citizens, a regular one (though not necessarily at regular intervals)- for the majority. In a statistical-descriptive sense drinking should, therefore, be termed normal behaviour, as it appears more or less regularly in the behaviour of a majority of adult members of our society, whenever they find themselves in situations such as celebrations family, meeting  friends, or official occasions.        The above remarks by no means solve the question of estimation of drinking, which- in spite of its habitual character in the statistical-descriptive sense- may in some cases be recognized as most deeply pathological in the medical sense, and in the same adn frequently also in other cases- as pathological in its social expression.       As regards the medical appraisal- the questionnaire did not contain a large set of questions of this kind, therefore, it was able to yield but a most scanty basis fof conjectures as to the symptoms of alcohol dependence of some of the respondents.       The situation was different as regards the social appraisal of the consumption of alcohol. In order to make use of such an  appraisal, an initial poblem had to be solved: what amount, frequency, and way of consuming alcohol should or should not be regarded as that included within the limits of a „social norm”. The problem is complex, for, on the one hand, the opinions as to where the limits are vary in our socjety, and, on the other hand, there are probably many such limits, depending not only on the person who is to fix them, but also on that to whom they may apply. It is generally known that in our society there are advocates of prohibition (who are of opinion that zero consumption should be the social norm), as well as propagators of „reasonable consumption” which is a term with many shades, and finally adherents of opinion that consumption of alcohol is a private matter for everyone to decide by himself (that is those who consider  any  kind of drinking, as well as abstinence, to come within the limits of socially approved norm).  Apart from the advocates of the two extreme opinions, which provide one norm for all members of the society,  others, i.e., the propagators of „reasonable” drinking tend to emploi a norm according to who the drinking person is. This finds expression in a different attitude towards drinking by men and women, tolerance towards the drinking by adults accompanied by strict disapproval in the case of the youth, different expectations as to the attitude towards alcohol drinking by members of different socio-professional groups. In this situation, with the lack of a common opinion as regards „socially normal” drinking, it seemed preferable to refrain from estimating the alcohol consumption in terms of social pathology.        In a survey of alcohol consumption in which samples of population of the entire country or a smaller territory are included, it is vital how the questions about the respondents’  drinking habits are asked. In the research practice, two solutions of this problem have been provided: first, to ask about the last occasion on which the respondent drank, what he drank then, how much he drank and in what circumstances, and second, to ask about his drinking within a given, shorter or longer, period of time. It has been a tradition of Polish studies in this field to choose the first of these solutions, so this method has also been employed in the present study. The last occasion was treated as typical of the respondent’s  way of drinking, and a yearly consumption was calculated for each of tchem, as well as for all persons included in the sample. As compared with the data on alcohol sale gathered in our country, it appeared that the 1980 survey covered 43 per cent of the total of consumed vodka. This percentage corresponds to that which can be found in analogous foreign studies, yeti t is considerably lower than the one obtained by A. Święcicki in his 1961 and particularly 1962 studies. The probable effect on the comparability of this studies with the present one has already been discussed  above. Interest was also paid in the questionnaire to the consumption of home-made wine, which appeared to account for 39 per cent of the consumption of purchased wine covered by the study, and the consumption of „home-distilled vodka” (i.e., moonshine alcohol) which, according to the present study, accounted for 5.5 per cent of the consumption of purchased vodka. Ona may guess that the latter percentage was in reality higher, and that it has now increased even more.       As is generally known, Poland is one of the countries where the general level of consumption of alcohol is medium, yet the structure of consumption is most unfavourable. Over  3/4 of the consumed alcohol  is being drunk in Poland in the from of vodka and other strong drinks. A similar structure of consumption can be found in most parts of the Soviet Union, and to a smaller degree in the Scandinavian countries (except Denmark, where the dominating alcoholic beverage is beer).      One of the common features of alcohol consumption is its great concentration,  which means that relatively few consumers drink a share of alcohol disproportionately large  to their number.  As revealed by the 1980 survey, 45 per cent of the entire  purchased and home-made wine covered by the study was being drunk by3.5 per cent of consumers of wine, 52 per cent of vodka  was being  drunk by 9 per cent of consumers of vodka,  and 46 per cent of beer  was being drunk by 10 per cent of consumers of beer. Taking into account that the study included a relatively small numer of persons  who drink intensively and particularly those who drink most intensively, the real concentration of consumption of separate types of alcoholic beverages must be expected to be still higher in our country.              The interdependence of consumption of different alcoholic beverages is closely connected  with the problem of concetration of consumption. It appeared that the  fact of drinking one kind of alcoholic  beverage augmented the likelihood of drinking another one as well. This convergence was most marked as regards consumption of vodka and beer, as well as vodka and purchased wine  (and also purchased and home-made wine); it was the least  marked in the case of the consumption of home-made wine and vodka, and home-made wine and beer.Among the persons who drank at least two of the above mentioned kinds of beverages, the frequent drinking of one of them was not necessarily connected with frequent drinking of the other:  on the other hand, those who drnak large amounts of one of the beverages, drank also large amounts of the other, while those who drank small amounts of one kind,  drank also small amounts of  the other.          According to the results of our survey, teetotallers, i.e., persons who do  not drink alcohol  at all, constituted nearly 17 per cent of our respondents.  As regards separate kinds of beverages, there were many more persons  who did not drink them; yet a significant regularity appeared, which should  be stressed in connection with the unfavourable structure of alcohol consumption in our country: the group of persons who never drank  vodka  was the least numerous, 25 per cent only, while there were 57-58 per cent of persons who never drank purchased wine and beer, and as many as 70 per cent of those who never drank home-made wine (the percentage for moonshine alcohol was 89 per cent). To repeat, not only as much as 71 per cent of alcohol  was consumed in our country in the form of vodka (strong drinks) in 1980, but also it was consumed by 75 per cent of the country's population aged 16 and over.          Opportunity, place, and company are the usually distinguished elements of the patterns of alcohol consumption  which can be found in the society. The 1980 survey permitted to separate three such patterns (of drinking vodka or wine):  family-celebration, friendly-social, drinking for purpose. According to the first one,  which has been mentioned by nearly half of the respondents who drank, the opportunity for drinking was a family meeting or celebration, with many participants, the place was a private appartment, the amounts of alcohol consumed were relatively smaller, and the participants were first of all persons who drank less than the average.  According  to the second pattern, which was mentioned by nearly every  third respondent, the opportunity was a social meeting or celebration, in which a smaller number of persons participated (as compared with the family meetings), the place was often also a private appartment, but in every fourth case  a restaurant as well, more alcohol was consumed, and among the participants the persons prevailed who drank a little more than the average.  According to the third pattern, drinking for purpose, mentioned by every seventh respondent, "no special occasion" was required for drinking, or drinking took place "in order to handle some business which made it necessary to drink a  glass", a small group of 3-4 persons participated, the most frequently chosen place, apart from one's own apartment, was a restaurant or place of employment, a relatively largest amount of alcohol was consumed, and a majority of participants drank much more than the average.        As is generally known, a particular problem in Poland is drinking at the place of employment;  the Goverment has repeatedly prohibited it, only to  learn that the renewal of the prohibition is apparently as timely as it is ineffective. Among the respondents employed in the State-controlled economy, two of every three persons happened to drink at work, every fourth happened to drink at least during the last month. The opportunity was usually a birthday or a name-day;  yet every sixth respondent happened to drink at work last "without special reason".        The information concerning the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed permits one to separate four ways of drinking: much and often, much and seldom, little and often, little and seldom. Among the consumers of different beverages the group of persons drinking little and seldom was the most numerous, particularly as regards the consumers of wine (both purchased and home-made), to a smaller degree - the consumers of vodka (and moonshine alcohol), and to the smallest degree - the consumers of beer. Also the groups of persons drinking much and seldom were relatively numerous, apart from consumers of beer, among whom the second most numerous group was that of persons drinking little and often. Every fourth or fifth consumer of beer, every seventh consumer of vodka, every fifteenth consumer of purchased wine and every twenty-seventh consumer of home-made wine drank much and often. As regards persons who, drank any two of the above mentioned beverages,  a convergence of their drinking patterns  could be noticed which consisted in the following regularity: if one of the beverages was consumed according to one of the patterns, the other was generally also consumed according to the same pattern.        Drinking "too much", "several consecutive days",  „more often than the respondent wishes”,  were considered an indicators of alcohol abuse. The persons who never happened to drink like this drank, on the whole, considerably smaller amounts of vodka than the average;  those who had happened to drink like this before consumed  markedly more vodka than the average; while those who have happened to drink like this at the time of the study consumed over twice as much vodka  than the average.       As shown by the analysis of answers to a variety of questions in the questionnaire, the amount of consumed alcohol  is connected with the respondent's  satisfaction with his life and his relations with others. Thus persons who were of opinion that life generally brings the people more  good than evil used to drink significantly less (vodka, purchased wine, as well as beer) than those who thought the opposite. Likewise, the respondents who considered themselves frequently underestimated by their closest family, drank significantly more than those who thought that they happened, though seldom, to have been underestimated. Finally, the persons who were of the opinion that their relations with their  families, neighbours, workmates, and superiors went badly,  used to drink significantly more than those who had no problems in this field.             The drinking persons' experiences with alcohol are both good and bad, and the tendency to study first of all, if not exclusively, the latter does not seem appropriate. In the 1980 survey questions about both kinds of experience were asked, which brought in a good deal of interesting  information. Thus it appeared that the drinking of a certain amount of alcohol in the company of a given person helped to solve professional prbblems for a number of persons which was two and a half times larger than the number of those whose  drinking  brought about serious professional trouble. In over   2/5 of the persons examined, alcohol helped to improve their relations with close friends and relatives, while it helped every third of them to settle their own subsistence problems profitably. As for the troubles resulting from drinking, it is striking that persons problems (poor health, family or financial problems) were mentioned two or  three Times more often than those connected with the respondents'  participation in a broader social environment (problems with neighbours, professional problems, and those with the authorities). The above seems to prove that in the customs and climate which exists in our country, the drinking persons perceive alcohol as bringing them more good than evil. As revealed by a closer analysis of the good and bad experience involved in drinking, they usually coexisted: the more good experience the respondents had, the larger was also the amount of their bad experience, and the more they drank. One could say that the persons who used to drink much and thus fell into trouble realized at the same time that drinking brought them various forms of satisfaction and profits. This undoubtedly intensified  their  tendency do drink, in spite of the trouble resulting from drinking.          The last problem to be discussed in the paper is the respondents'  victimization by aggressive behaviour of drunken persons and by their own intoxication. As regards the first problem, it should be stressed that contacts with attempted physical aggression (a drunken person trying to stop or catch the respondent) were frequent: within the year previous to the study nearly every third respondent experienced such an event. Every ninth respondent fell  victim to more serious acts of aggression ("more serious" meaning at least being physically assaulted). As regards unpleasant consequences of the respondent being intoxicated, the most frequent of them were: getting involved in a quarrel (which happened to every fourth or fifth respondent within the year previous to the study), loosing money or other valuable things (which happened to every ninth respondent). It is significant that the persons who experienced unpleasant consequences of being in the state of intoxication, drank over twice as much as on the average.         The  results of the study the extent, structure, and some correlates of the consumption of alcohol in our country described in the paper are an attempt at filling the gap in the studies of this problem which emerged in the '70s. Such studies should be repeated at not too, long intervals, in order to prevent the occurence of such gaps in the future.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1984, XI; 7-92
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Produkty regionalne i tradycyjne w dobie globalizacji i makdonaldyzacji życia w sferze konsumpcji
Regional and traditional products in the frame of life globalization and mcdonadization in consumption sphere

Autorzy:

Jasiulewicz, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/863272.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists

Tematy:

globalizacja konsumpcji
preferencje konsumentow
produkty regionalne
produkty tradycyjne
spozycie zywnosci
zywnosc
zywnosc fast food

Opis:

Podjęto próbę przedstawienia problematyki produktów slow food takich, jak produkty regionalne i tradycyjne jako atrakcyjnej alternatywy dla żywności powstałej w wyniku procesu makdonaldyzacji, która opanowała globalny rynek.
The paper shows the role of the slow food products such as PGI, PDO and TSG foodstuffs as the attractive alternative for products created in the mcdonaldization process, that conquered the global marked.

Źródło:

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu; 2009, 11, 5
1508-3535
2450-7296

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

Zachowania żywieniowe pracowników restauracji sieci McDonalds
The dietary habits of McDonalds restaurant employees

Autorzy:

Michota-Katulska, E.
Zegan, M.
Grzebula, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44341.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

zywienie czlowieka
siec McDonald's
pracownicy
zachowania zywieniowe
zywnosc fast food
spozycie zywnosci
czestotliwosc spozycia

Opis:

Ilość i jakość spożywanych produktów ma bezpośredni wpływ na zdrowie człowieka. Obecnie obserwuje się znaczny wzrost częstotliwości spożycia żywności typu fast food. Celem pracy była ocena sposobu żywienia wybranej grupy pracowników restauracji szybkiej obsługi, którzy na co dzień mają ułatwiony dostęp do żywności fast food. Badanie przeprowadzono na przełomie 2014 i 2015 roku wśród celowo dobranych 270 pracowników restauracji sieci McDonald’s w Warszawie. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz. Do opracowania wyników wykorzystano program Statistica, obliczono współczynnik korelacji, przyjmując poziom istotności p < 0,05. Z przeprowadzonego badania wynika, że pracownicy popełniali wiele błędów żywieniowych, w tym mieli za długie przerwy między posiłkami oraz często spożywali produkty fast food. Dodatkowo zaobserwowano, że dłuższy staż pracy miał wpływ na preferencje żywieniowe – osoby te charakteryzowały się częstszym spożyciem produktów zakupionych w McDonald’s. Stwierdzono, że miejsce pracy było czynnikiem determinującym wybory żywieniowe. Badani, którzy posiadali dłuższy staż pracy w McDonald’s, deklarowali częstsze spożycie produktów zakupionych podczas pracy i korzystali z usług restauracji McDonald’s. Mimo że blisko połowa ankietowanych była świadoma negatywnych skutków zdrowotnych spożywania produktów fast food, nie ograniczała ich konsumpcji. Istotna wydaje się edukacja badanej grupy dotycząca prawidłowego żywienia.
Both the amount and the quality of consumed food have a direct impact on health. There has been a noticeable increase in frequency of fast food consumption. The aim of the paper was to assess the food habits in a selected group of quick service restaurant employees, who have easy access to fast food. The survey was conducted at the end of 2014/beginning 2015 among 270 purposively selected McDonald’s Warsaw restaurant employees. An original survey questionnaire was employed. Statistica software was used to process the data; correlation coefficient was calculated taking p < 0.5 as the level of statistical significance. The survey points to many nutritional errors committed by the employees, including too long intervals between meals and frequent fast food consumption. Additionally, it was observed that seniority played a role in food preferences: the longer the employee’s length of service, the more often would they consume McDonald’s-bought products. It was determined that place of employment was a determining factor in food choices. The respondents with longer seniority reported more frequent consumption of products bought during work hours and use of McDonald’s restaurants in general. Although almost half of the respondents were aware of the negative health eff ects of fast food, they did not limit its consumption. It appears essential to introduce health education for the surveyed group.

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2016, 39, 1
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

Analiza tendencji zmian na polskim rynku piwa
Analysis of changes tendency on the polish beer market

Autorzy:

Golas, Z.
Scibek, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43564.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

browarnictwo
rynek piwa
piwo
spozycie zywnosci
producenci
produkcja piwa
sprzedaz
eksport
import
marki producenta

Opis:

W artykule przedstawiono tendencje zmian na polskim rynku piwa. Analizowano produkcję i sprzedaż piwa, handel zagraniczny piwem, marki i konsumpcję piwa w latach 1999-2004.
The article shows the analysis of Polish beer market in progress. On the basis of the carried out research it can be stated that Polish beer industry can be rated as one of the most modern hi-tech in the world. It is caused by cooperation of foreign investors with the Polish market which has resulted in a strong consolidation and separating of three major breweries owning almost 90% of the national beer market. Very tough competition between huge producers has also brought benefits to consumers who have received better quality product at a lower price. Moreover, changes in consumers’ habits have occurred. This is described by reduction in consumption of hard liquors on behalf of soft alcohols with the major position of beer. Polish beer market is close to satisfying consumers’ demands. Beer consumption per one inhabitant in Poland is close to European mean but its development will not be so dynamic as before. The situation is caused by the risk arising from the law which is not clear. Moreover, increasing fiscal aggravations and costs of production which due to the increase of prices of raw materials are also critical.

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2010, 15, 1
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

Ocena wartości odżywczej posiłków wydawanych w Domu Górnika
Evaluation of the nutritional value of meals given in a Miners Home

Autorzy:

Bliwert, K.
Chorazy, W.
Kowalska, B.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/877611.pdf

Data publikacji:

1979

Wydawca:

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny

Tematy:

stolowki
stolowki zakladowe
spozycie zywnosci
posilki
racje pokarmowe
wartosc odzywcza
zwyczaje zywieniowe

Źródło:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1979, 30, 3
0035-7715

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

Spożycie napojów alkoholowych w Polsce w 1985 r.
Consumption of Alcohol in Poland in 1985

Autorzy:

Jasiński, Jerzy

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698510.pdf

Data publikacji:

1991

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

spożycie alkoholu
napoje alkoholowe
Polska
badania ankietowe
alcohol consumption
alcohol
Polska
surveys

Opis:

The Surveys  Since 1961, nine alcohol consumption surveys were carried out on the national level in Poland. The interests of their authors, the contents of questionnaires, and the ways of conducting the surveys varied, but most of them exhibited some common features. First of all, the respondents were met personally by the interviewers who filled up the questionnaires during the interview. Most of the surveys were based on quota samples of adult population, but in some also youngsters aged over 15 or 16 were included into the sample. The last occasion approach prevailed in the surveys; in one of them only, the respondents were asked to describe their last three drinking occasions. In some surveys, the respondents were also requested to estimate the frequency of their drinking of spirits during the last three months. In the present paper, some findings of the fifth and seventh surveys are analysed. The two surveys were carried out in 1980 and 1985, respectively. The estimate of frequency of drinking spirits derived from answers to the questions related to drinking during the last three months and to those about the last drinking occasion proved to differ markedly in exceptional cases only. However, as expected, the last occasion approach produced somewhat higher estimates of consumption level than that based on the respondent’s appraisal of the frequency of his or her own drinking during the last three months. The coverage rate was similar in both surveys: 47 per cent in 1980 and 56 per cent in 1985, and its level is in accordance with the findings obtained in surveys carried out in other countries. The Questions The questionnaires of both surveys included several questions related to positive and negative experiences the respondents had had as a result of their drinking. The proper part of the questionnaire used in the 1980 survey was of an experimental character. Its main aim was to collect data on the issue neglected in the Polish literature, i.e. on rewards resulting from drinking alcohol. In the literature in question, much attention had been paid to the detrimental consequences of drinking as if they were the only ones. The assumption that drinking has also some positive value for alcohol consumers seemed plausible: why would they otherwise drink at all? The questions asked were not intended to reveal what really happened to the persons who consume alcohol, but rather to get some insight in to the way they perceived occurrences which they rightly or mistakenly attribute to their drinking of alcohol. What seemed interesting were also the spheres of life in which alcohol played a positive as opposed to a negative role. As that part of the questionnaire was of an exploratory nature only, the respondents were asked about events in which alcohol helped them somehow or caused them getting into trouble, whenever that occurred. In the questionnaire of the 1985 survey, more attention was paid to the wording of those questions. Firstly, the respondents were asked about occurrences which had happened during the last twelve months preceding the interview. That was the time limit introduced in order to separate drinkers from non-drinkers, and in that case also to distinguish the “current” from the past events. Secondly, in the case of a good as well as bad experience, the types of occurrences in question were both of a trivial character and of such a nature that they could be related to a single drinking occasion. Thirdly, in reration to some spheres of life questions, about both positive and negative consequences were asked. Some of the questions included in the 1980 and 1985 questionnaires were formulated the way adopted in the Scandinavian Drinking Survey of 1979 which was carried out in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Similar questions were also asked in Finnish surveys conducted in 1968, 1976, and 1984. The Polish, the Scandinavian, and the  Finnish surveys, were carried out at different times, in different manners, and on differently drawn sampres. Therefore, it would be impossible to compare, their findings directly. However, it seems interesting to point to some most striking discrepancies between them as a point of departure for theorizing on possible differences in the role played by alcohol in social life in Poland and in the Scandinavian countries. The Findings The main findings of the inquiry qan be summarized as follows: As could be expected, asking about events which might have occurred at any time in the respondents’ life has led to a higher proportion of positive answers as compared to asking about events that occurred during the last twelve months. In the Polish surveys, this could be noticed in the case of sorting out probrems related to people close to the respondent (49.7 and 21.7 per cent, respectivery), of taking a more, optimistic view of life (40.8 and 18.7 per cent, respectively) and in several other questions, while in the case of the Finnish surveys, in relation to being picked up by the police for being drunk (8.5–10.9 and 3.5 per cent, respectively). This observation is fairly obvious and has been mentioned here only to support confidence in the findings obtained. The questions included in the questionnaire of the 1980 Polish survey were formulated in a manner that was not too well suited for comparisons between the positive and negative experiences stemming from drinking. However, they provided some clues for supposing that good experiences occur more often than bad ones. The evidence provided by the answers in the l985 survey clearly supports this assumption. First of all, the prevalence of an experience is related to its type. The most common ones were: being more resolute in company, and spending more money than one otherwise would (it happened to 36.2 and 34.9 per cent of drinkers, respectively, during the last twelve months). It shows that positive as well as negative experiences related to drinking may be quite common. Most revealing are the answers to questions that pertain to similar types of events. There were four times more drinkers who felt that because of alcohol they were more resolute in company than those who acted as spoil-sports in company because of their drinking (36.2 as opposed to 8.3 per cent, respectively); three times more respondents who sorter out problems connected with their job with the help of alcohol than those who had some trouble at work because of their drinking (23.8 as opposed to 6.7 per cent, respectively); distinctly more sorted out problems related to people close to them than spoiled their relations with such persons (21.7 as opposed to 14.8 per cent, respectively); and finally, many more respondents took an optimistic rather than a pessimistic view of life because of drinking (18.7 as opposed to 10.4 per cent, respectively), It shows definitely that positive consequences of their own drinking are noticed by far more persons than the negative ones. The above findings concern the distribution of answers obtained from all drinkers in the sample. However, they do not preclude the contents of individual respondents’ answers. Are there two separate groups of drinkers: one consisting of those who have positive experiences with drinking, and another one, distinctly smaller, made up of those who have negative experiences related to the use of alcohol? Or is there one group only: the same people have good and bad experiences with drinking, the good ones prevailing in most cases? None of these alternatives appeared to be fully substantiated by the findings of the 1985 survey. First of all, more than two in five of the drinkers reported none of the good experiences listed, and more than one in two – none of the bad experiences. Thus there is a third (or a second) group of respondents drinking alcohol, viz. those who have neither positive nor negative experiences with it. Hence the possible concurrence of good and bad experiences related to drinking may be found in about a half of the drinkers only. All types of good and bad experiences were positively correlated with all types of bad experience listed in the questionnaire (X2 = from 87.8 to 274.3; df = 4; p < T = from 0.17 to 0.32). This points clearly to the second of the above alternatives, viz. to the view that those were predominantly the same persons who admitted having had both good and bad experiences related to drinking. Formulating this observation differently, one might say that having some good experience with drinking enhances the likelihood of having also bad experience with alcohol, and vice versa. In order to proceed further in this analysis, two indices were calculated. Both of them are related to variety and not quantity of experiences, as the questionnaire of the 1985 survey did not contain questions about how often the separate types of experiences listed had occurred. To form the index of good experiences, the number of “yes” answers was calculated, and accordingly the respondents received scores from 0 (no “yes” answers) to 7 (“yes” answers to all types of experiences quoted). The index of bad experiences was formed similarly. The mean score was 1.65 for positive experiences and 1.12 for the negative ones which shows once more that the incidence of the first kind of experiences prevailed over the other one. As it has already been mentioned, quite a number of respondents gave no “yes” answers at all. On the other end of the scale, there were relatively few persons who gave five or more “yes” answers; in the case of good experiences, there were 11 per cent of such persons, and in the case of bad ones – 5 per cent only. The close relationship between having good as well as bad exaperiences is demonstrated by the mean scores of index of good experiences related to drinking calculated for every level of the index of bad experiences, and vice versa. The picture shown by those scores is quite clear: the higher the number of positive types of experiences related to the use of alcohol, the higher also the number of negative experiences stemming from drinking. The same is also true for negative experiences: the greater their number, the more numerous also positive experiences. In conclusion it can simply be said that the drinkers who believe that alcohol drinking is rewarding are generally also aware of some unpleasant consequences which follow its use, and vice versa. A closer look at the scores of both indices revealed that on every level of the index of positive experiences, the number of those experiences exceeded markedly that of the negative ones (the only exception found is in the case of no positive experience). A partly similar picture emerges while looking at the consecutive levels of negative experiences: in the lower part of the scale, mean numbers of positive experiences surpass those of negative ones; only in the case of those respendents who reported four or more types of negative experiences, the numbers of positive experiences were smaller. Finally, the question arises how could this concurrence of good and bad experiences be explained. Or, to take a different approach, what, if anything, distinguishes the respondents who admit having many types of positive and negative experiences from those who do not happen to have them at all or who have a few only. The answer is again surprisingly simple. What seems to determine the number of experiences related to drinking is the level of alcohol consumption. In the case of the Polish drinking habits, this means practically the level of consumption of spirits. The greater the number of types of negative or positive experiences, the higher the consumption level of alcohol (spirits). In persons who reported no good or bad experiences related to drinking, mean alcohol consumption was less than a half of the average. With a rise in the number of types of positive and negative experiences stemming from drinking, the amount of alcohol consumed is also rising steeply to a level more than twice as high as the average for all drinkers. It has also to be stressed that the conusumption level associated with the same number of types of negative experiences related to drinking is higher than in the case of positive ones. Looking at this relationship at the background of the level of consumption, it can be stated that e.g. those who drunk ten to eleven litres of spirits yearly have had one type of bad and two types of good experiences related to the use of alcohol; those who drunk seventeen to twenty litres had two to three types of bad and three–four types of good experiences; and those who drunk about twenty-five litres of spirits yearly had four types of bad and five types of good experiences stemming from alcohol. The predominance of positive experiences is present all the time; however, it tends to get smaller with the increase in consumption level. The description of respondents who tended to have more good and bad experiences related to drinking corresponds strictly to that of those who are drinking more than others. Over-represented are among them: men, middle-aged, having primary education only or unfinnished secondary school, having, blue-collar jobs, describing themselves as nonbelievers or non-practising believers, having disputes and arguments with their families, with neighbours, friends, colleagues and superiors at work, having often the feeling of not enjoying the esteem they deserve. Conclusions For most Poles who drink alcohol, drinking does not seem to be associated with any particular experiences of a positive or negative value. They do not drink much, do it occasionally, probably mostly for social reasons. For those who drink more than the average and, in particular, for those who drink heavily, alcohol consumption tends to be associated with some good or bad experiences which they relate to their use of alcohol. The more they drink, the more experiences of both kinds they have. However, experiences of a rewarding nature prevail over consequences that are annoying or unpleasant. While looking at similar Scandinavian surveys, some striking differences in the incidence of types of occurrences related to drinking can be noticed. In Poland, alcohol seems to serve much more often than in the Scandinavian countries as a means of sorting out problems the drinking person has with people close to him, and in particular, in sorting out his or her problems at work. On the other hand, as far as the use of alcohol for acquiring some psychological effects is concerned (such as improving the mood, better expressing one’s feelings, or saying something one regrets afterwards), the Poles do not seem to differ much from the Scandinavians, particularly from those who are ress successful in this sphere. The Poles seem to have also more health problems related to drinking, even in comparison to those Scandinavians who drink mostly spirits, like the Icelanders.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1991, XVII; 199-285
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

Swobodny wybór mieszanek paszowych jako metoda określenia zapotrzebowania kurcząt na energię i białko
Free choice of mashes as a method of defining chicken requirements for energy and protein
Svobodnyjj vybor kombikormov kak metod opredelenija potrebnosti cypljat na ehnergiju i belok

Autorzy:

Kaminska, B.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/807126.pdf

Data publikacji:

1989

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

Tematy:

wybor
mieszanki paszowe
zapotrzebowanie
energia
bialko
kurczeta
brojlery
kogutki
kurki
srednie spozycie

Opis:

In three consecutive experiments chicken reaction to the choice of mashes given from the second or third week to the eight week of life was examined. In the first experiment sexed broilers had free access to four isocaloric mashes (3150 kcal = 13.2 MJ) with a total protein level of 19.5%, 21%, 23% and 24.5%. The teat showed that the chicken were able to estimate protein content in mashes and they preferred the mash with the lowest protein level. The next experiment was carried out on six groups of sexed broilers. Each of the group had a choice - in different variants - of four from ten mashes, which differed in protein content from 16 to 25% and energy level from 2750-3300 kcal (11.5 - 13.8 MJ). In the third experiment the genotype effect (leghorn and meat type chicken) on the free choice of five mashes with protein level of 19%, 22% and 25% and energy .evel of 3000 - 3375 kcal (12.5 - 14.1 MJ) was examined. It was stated that chicken were able to estimate protein and energy content in the mash as well as they could choose the right mashes in this respect. The Leghorn chose mashes with a higher protein and energy content than the meat type chicken. It is considered that chicken requirements for energy and protein can be estimated better when they are given the possibillity of free mash choice than in the case when each group is given a different mash. In the second case chicken themsevels can regulate the amount of protein and energy only by taking various amounts of mashes, which makes the results of the experiment not quite clear.
В 3 последовательных экспериментах исследовано реакцию цыплят на подавание им к выбору полнопорционных смесей от 2 или 3 до 8 недели жизни. В первом опыте бройлеры с определённым полом имели свободный доступ к 4 схожим по энергии смесям (ок. 3150 ккал = 13,2 МД) и уровнях общего белка 19,5; 21, 23 и 24,5%. Этот опыт доказал, что йыплята сумели оценить содержание белка в корме а также более охотно ели мешанку с более низком уровне белка. Второй опыт проведено на б группах бройлеров с определённым полом. Каждая группа имела к выбору в разных вариантах, 4 из 10 смесей, которые отличались содержанием белка от 16 до 25% и уровнем энергии от 2750 до 3300 ккал (11,5 - 13,8 МД). В 3 опыте исследовано реакцию генотипа (цыплята Леггорн и мужской мясной линии) на свободный выбор 5 смесей содержащих 19,22 или 25% белка и от 3000 до 3375 ккал (12,5 -14,1 МД). Доказано, что цыплята умеют оценить содержание белка и энергии в смесях а также, что они умеют совершать выбор корма. Леггорны выбирали корм о высшем содержании белка и энергии чем мясные цыплята. Считается, что лучше можно оценить потребности цыплят на энергию и белок тогда, когда даётся им можность свободного выбора кормовых смесей, чем тогда, когда каждой группе цыплят подаётся другую мешанку. В этом случае цыплята могут регулировать себе получание белка и энергии толко сквозь смены количества получанного корма, что затемняет несколько результаты эксперимента.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1989, 360
0084-5477

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

Health-related behaviors of seniors in rural versus urban areas: a cross-sectional study
Zachowania prozdrowotne seniorów mieszkających na obszarach wiejskich i miejskich: badanie przekrojowe

Autorzy:

Omelan, A.A.
Zielińska, I.
Wziątek, B.
Bielinis, E.
Podstawski, R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048930.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej

Tematy:

diet
alcohol consumption
physical activity
elderly
aging
dieta
spożycie alkoholu
aktywność fizyczna
osoby starsze
starość

Opis:

Background. In Polish cities, many organizations help senior citizens (60+), and many targeted programs support their healthcare. Rural areas, in contrast, have been very much neglected. The main goal of this study was to obtain data on selected health-related behaviors of seniors living in urban and rural areas. We compared exercise, eating habits, smoking and alcohol consumption. Material and methods. The study was conducted in Poland among people aged 60 and above living in remote rural areas (n=128) and the city (n=146). Interviews were used to conduct surveys and collect lifestyle data. The differences between urban and rural seniors were determined in a significance test of two structure coefficients at a significance level of α=0.05. Results. Some major differences between the two groups were observed: 23.35% of the rural and 15.75% of the city seniors did not exercise (p=0.0008); rural seniors smoked more (16.40%) than city seniors (7.53%; p=0.0225) and drank more units of alcohol at one time and tended to consume more animal protein. Conclusions. The findings suggest that social policies and local programs aimed at improving quality aging should take into account local differences between rural and urban senior communities and tailor actions accordingly. Rural seniors need more interest and support from both government institutions and social organizations.
Wprowadzenie. W Polsce osoby starsze (60+) mieszkające w miastach często mogą liczyć na wsparcie organizacji zajmujących się problemami zdrowotnymi seniorów. Natomiast obszary wiejskie wydają się być pod tym względem zaniedbane. Dlatego za cel badań przyjęto uzyskanie danych na temat wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych seniorów mieszkających na terenach miejskich i wiejskich. Ocenie poddano aktywność fizyczną, zachowania żywieniowe, palenie papierosów oraz spożycie alkoholu. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w Polsce, wśród osób w wieku powyżej 60. lat mieszkających na wsi (n=128) oraz w mieście (n=146). Posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, z wykorzystaniem techniki ankiety. Różnice pomiędzy mieszkańcami miast i wsi oceniono za pomocą testu istotności dla dwóch wskaźników struktury na poziomie istotności α=0,05. Wyniki. Zaobserwowano istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy badanymi grupami: liczniejsza grupa seniorów wiejskich 23,35% niż miejskich (15,75%) nie jest aktywna fizycznie (p=0,0008); starsi mieszkańcy wsi palą więcej (16,40%) niż miejscy seniorzy (7,53%; p=0,0225), wypijają jednorazowo więcej jednostek alkoholu i spożywają większe ilości białka zwierzęcego. Wnioski. Wyniki sugerują, że polityka społeczna i lokalne programy mające na celu poprawę jakości starzenia się powinny uwzględniać różnice pomiędzy wiejską i miejską społecznością osób starszych. Seniorzy mieszkający na wsi potrzebują większego zainteresowania i wsparcia zarówno ze stronny instytucji rządowych jak i organizacji społecznych.

Źródło:

Health Problems of Civilization; 2020, 14, 1; 1-8
2353-6942
2354-0265

Pojawia się w:

Health Problems of Civilization

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Preferencje nabywcze "żywności wygodnej" pochodzenia drobiowego w opinii młodzieży akademickiej
Purchasing preferences for convenient food of poultry origin in opinion of young university students

Autorzy:

Augustynska-Prejsnar, A.
Ormian, M.
Gajdek, G.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43182.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

spozycie zywnosci
zywnosc wygodna
mieso drobiowe
preferencje nabywcze
preferencje konsumentow
studenci
badania ankietowe

Opis:

W pracy podjęto próbę poznania opinii na temat spożycia, oferty oraz preferencji nabywczych „żywności wygodnej” pochodzenia drobiowego w środowisku młodzieży akademickiej na podstawie badań ankietowych. Badani konsumenci wskazali, że najczęściej spożywają koncentraty drobiowe (kostki rosołowe, zupy instant) oraz elementy tuszek drobiowych. Większość respondentów uznała, że oferta drobiowej „żywności wygodnej” jest satysfakcjonująca, a w preferencjach nabywczych największe znaczenie miała łatwość przygotowania posiłków i oszczędność czasu. W opinii ankietowanych niższa cena jest czynnikiem, wpływającym na wzrost częstotliwości dokonywania zakupu „żywności wygodnej” pochodzenia drobiowego.
Convenient food of poultry origin is becoming increasingly competitive com- pared to traditional meat and meat products and thus gaining in popularity. Students irregular lifestyle and lack of time to prepare meals make convenient food preferred by them. Attempts were made to learn student respondents’ views on consumption, product offer, as well as purchasing preferences for convenient food of poultry origin. Consumers surveyed indicated that they often consumed elements of poultry carcasses and concentrates such as bouillon cubes, and instant soups. Majority of respondents affirmed that offers of convenient poultry products were satisfactory. Ease of meals preparation and time - saving were two factors that contributed significantly to purchasing preferences. In the opinion of those surveyed low price could be the key factor that influenced freąuent purchases of convenient food.

Źródło:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2014, 34, 4
1899-5241

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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