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Tytuł:
Examination of thermal work of electric chamber furnace to thermal processing
Autorzy:
Kowalik-Wolska, M
Boryca, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
heat treatment
heating costs
heat consumption
Opis:
The improvement of effectiveness of work furnaces depends on increasing the efficiency as well as the decrease the elementary consumption of energy. The character of the analyzed electric chamber furnace to thermal processing in work was introduced. over the discussed results concern the efficiencies, consumption of electric energy as well as the coefficient of elementary consumption of energy. The improvement of coefficients of furnace solutions were proposed.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2015, 9, 27; 11-16
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the wire electrical discharge machinability of roots of steam turbine blades
Autorzy:
Poroś, D.
Zaborski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
turbine blades
heat treatment
WEDM
Opis:
This paper presents method for the unconventional machining of the blades of steam turbines. Blade material as steel X12Cr13 was chosen into the investigation. Blade failures in gas turbine engines often lead to loss of all downstream stages and can have a dramatic effect on the availability of the turbine engines.. Conventional machining of the roots of steam turbine blades causes high temperature and rapid wear of tool which makes machining expensive WEDM is currently regarded among the most popular non-conventional machining. WEDM allows treatment of hard, brittle materials and composite, irrespective of their structure (thin-wall components) and mechanical properties. Submitted work is an analysis of potential impact on the received thickness of heat affected zone by appropriate heat treatment of material prior to WEDM. Such action is intended to eliminate or reduce the initiating impact of any microcracks on the formation of surface defects on the turbine blades roots during operation. The aim of the article is to replace the traditional methods of machining the blades roots by WEDM and thus the elimination of problems such as the need to monitor the tool wear. The presented experimental study was carried out on a modern wire EDM Sodick AQ327L. Investigated were the effects of WEDM of X12Cr13 steel as the Heat Affected Zone, the micro-fractures and surface roughness parameters.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2010, 10, 1; 70-77
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High Versatility of Niobium Alloyed AHSS
Autorzy:
Kučerová, L.
Opatová, K.
Káňa, J.
Jirková, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
TRIP steel
niobium
heat treatment
thermomechanical treatment
Opis:
The effect of processing parameters on the final microstructure and properties of advanced high strength CMnSiNb steel was investigated. Several processing strategies with various numbers of deformation steps and various cooling schedules were carried out, namely heat treatment without deformation, conventional quenching and TRIP steel processing with bainitic hold or continuous cooling. Obtained multiphase microstructures consisted of the mixture of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and M-A constituent. They possessed ultimate tensile strength in the range of 780-970 MPa with high ductility A5 mm above 30%. Volume fraction of retained austenite was for all the samples around 13%. The only exception was reference quenched sample with the highest strength 1186 MPa, lowest ductility A5 mm = 20% and only 4% of retained austenite.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1485-1491
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of possibility of repairing welding of selected of the steam turbines
Autorzy:
Wieczorska, Agata
Bujko, Adrian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
regenerative heat treatment
welding
steam turbine
Opis:
The article presents the results of the study on the possibilities of repair by welding methods of exploitation steam turbine bodies. Two hull were investigation after a lifetime of more than 200.000 hours. Repair welding study were carried out on the L17HMF cast steel body in the immediately after exploitation condition, whereas the L21HMF cast steel body underwent a revitalization after the exploitation, and then the welding repair research were performed. On the material taken from the L17HMF cast steel hull, welding repairs were made by welding the previously cut four grooves measuring 200 mm 50 mm 50 mm, which were simulations of material defected. All samples were made in areas where maximum steam temperatures were operating. Welds were tested with destructive and non-destructive methods to determine their quality and define non-compliances detected. The L21HMF cast steel was subjected to a revitalization process, which consisted the hull in subjecting heat treatment in order to obtain favourable structural changes and improve the strength properties. Non-destructive examinations and hardness tests were carried out on the remedial weld, indicating the required quality of repairing remedial weld. Comparative study is aimed at demonstrating the main welding problems during the repair welding of exploitation steam turbine hulls.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 265-271
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fatigue strength of screw joints at loading variable
Autorzy:
Nieoczym, A.
Gardyński, L.
Krzysiak, Z.
Bartnik, G.
Samociuk, W.
Beer-Lech, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
screw joints
fatigue strength
heat treatment
Opis:
In the article was described an influence of the construction of screw joint on the strength at loading variable. Relation of the type of material of the bolt was described to strength from the technology of making thread. Presented findings of cracking of double – nutted bolts at low – cycles loading.
Źródło:
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics; 2015, 2, no. 2 (3); 28-36
2392-0327
Pojawia się w:
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laser heat treatment of nickel-based alloys – a review
Autorzy:
Kukliński, Mateusz
Szymański, Michał
Przestacki, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/94176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
nickel
laser
heat treatment
surface
coating
Opis:
In this paper researches which focus on laser heat treatment of nickel-based alloys are reviewed. Studies published from 1970s until today are taken into consideration. Publications which focus on influence of laser thermal processing on surface layer condition both on solid materials and predeposited coatings are described. Laser technologies in which additional materials are delivered during the process are not considered. In order to focus on studies investigating microstructural changes resulting mainly from material remelting, laser shock processing is also disregarded.
Źródło:
Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials; 2019, 39; 46-53
2450-9469
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calculation of Critical Temperatures by Empirical Formulae
Autorzy:
Trzaska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355194.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CCT diagram
modeling
heat treatment
steel
Opis:
The paper presents formulas used to calculate critical temperatures of structural steels. Equations that allow calculating temperatures Ac1, Ac3, Ms and Bs were elaborated based on the chemical composition of steel. To elaborate the equations the multiple regression method was used. Particular attention was paid to the collection of experimental data which was required to calculate regression coefficients, including preparation of data for calculation. The empirical data set included more than 500 chemical compositions of structural steel and has been prepared based on information available in literature on the subject.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2B; 981-986
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Precipitation Processes and Mechanical Properties of Aged Inconel 718 Alloy after Annealing
Autorzy:
Maj, P.
Adamczyk-Cieślak, B.
Slesik, M.
Mizera, J.
Pieja, T.
Sieniawski, J.
Gancarczyk, T.
Dudek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
inconel 718
mechanical properties
heat treatment
Opis:
Inconel 718 is a precipitation hardenable nickel-iron based superalloy. It has exceptionally high strength and ductility compared to other metallic materials. This is due to intense precipitation of the γ’ and γ” strengthening phases in the temperature range 650-850°C. The main purpose of the authors was to analyze the aging process in Inconel 718 obtained in accordance with AMS 5596, and its effect on the mechanical properties. Tensile and hardness tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties, in the initial aging process and after reheating, as a function of temperature and time respectively in the ranges 650°-900°C and 5-480 min. In addition, to link the mechanical properties with the microstructure transmission microscopy observations were carried out in selected specimens. As a result, factors influencing the microstructure changes at various stages of strengthening were observed. The authors found that the γ’’ phase nucleates mostly homogenously in the temperature range 650-750°C, causing the greatest increase in strength. On the other hand, the γ’ and δ phases are formed heterogeneously at 850°C or after longer annealing in 800°C, which may weaken the material.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1695-1702
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Thermal Treatment of Biomedical Ti-6Al-4V Alloy on Corrosion Resistance in Simulated Physiological Solutions
Autorzy:
Ryba, J.
Kawalec, M.
Tyrała, E.
Krawiec, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
titanium alloys
corrosion
heat treatment
microstructure
Opis:
The effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated in the artificial saliva solution (MAS). It has been revealed that the thermal annealing treatment temperature favors the cathodic reactions and reduce the protective properties of passive film. The heat treatment causes the enrichment of β phase in vanadium. The lowest corrosion resistance in the artificial saliva revealed the Ti-6Al-4V alloy heated for 2 hours at 950°C. Heterogeneous distribution of vanadium within the β phase decreases the corrosion resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 39-45
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low pressure carburizing in a large-chamber device for high-performance and precision thermal treatment of parts of mechanical gear
Autorzy:
Wołowiec-Korecka, E.
Korecki, M.
Klimek, L.
Kula, P.
Brewka, A.
Buczek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
heat treatment
vacuum carburizing
lean manufacturing
Opis:
This paper presents the findings of research of a short-pulse low pressure carburizing technology developed for a new large-chamber furnace for high-performance and precision thermal treatment of parts of mechanical gear. Sections of the article discuss the novel constructions of the device in which parts being carburized flow in a stream, as well as the low-pressure carburizing experiment. The method has been found to yield uniform, even and repeatable carburized layers on typical gear used in automotive industry.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2017, 11, 1; 253-258
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Tribological Properties and the Microstructure Investigations of Tin Babbit with Pb Addition after Heat Treatment
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska-Madej, B.
Madej, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tribological properties
microstructure investigations
heat treatment
Opis:
The results of tribological tests and microstructure examinations of tin babbit with 1.5 % Pb addition after heat treatment are presented in this paper. The specimens were annealed at 150°C for 2, 8, 24 and 48 hours and then tested for wear resistance and Brinell hardness. The wear tests were carried out using a block-on-ring tester operating under dry and wet conditions. The samples were also investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 1861-1868
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Densification and Magnetic Properties of Fe Powder Compacts According to Heat-Treatment Conditions
Autorzy:
Yoo, Hyo-Sang
Kim, Yong-Ho
Kim, Cheol-Woo
Son, Hyeon-Taek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Fe powder
heat-treatment
microstructure
density
Opis:
In this study, the effects of heat-treatment conditions of Fe powder compacts on densification, microstructure, strength and magnetic properties were investigated. The prepared Fe powder was compressed in a mold of diameter 20 mm at a pressure of 800 MPa for 30 sec. This Fe powder compact was heat-treated under different atmospheres (air and 90% Ar + 10% H2 and heat-treatment temperatures (300 and 700℃). The Fe powder compacts heat-treated in an Ar+H2 mixed gas atmosphere showed a denser microstructure and higher density than the Fe powder compacts heat-treated in an air atmosphere. Oxygen content in the heat-treatment conditions played a significant role in the improvement of the densification and magnetic properties.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 47--50
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The process of regenerative heat treatment of the valve chamber of the steam turbine
Autorzy:
Wieczorska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
regenerative heat treatment
valve chamber
steam turbine
Opis:
Steel castings are often used in the construction of valve chambers of steam turbines. Stringent requirements are set due to the continuous operation of the material at elevated temperatures, in the order of 300ºC to 600ºC. The material of the valve chamber must be resistant to fatigue-creep changes as well as corrosion. This material must be also resistant to dynamic damage which occures when the turbine is starting and stopping. Dynamic damage is induced by a short-lasting but intense accumulation of localized stresses. The castings of the valve chambers of the steam turbine are usually made from the “three-component” type CrMoV-cast steel. Mentioned castings of the valve chamber are continuously subjected to high temperatures, either constant and periodically variable stresses. Due to this, the degradation process of material of the castings is taking place. It is caused by physicochemical processes such as: creep, relaxation, thermal fatigue, corrosion, erosion and changes in material properties, e.g. displacement of the critical point of brittleness. Finally, first cracks and deformations can be observed in the material during the operation. The art presents the process of revitalization technology of the steam turbine valve chamber which was subjected to long-term operation at high temperatures. The revitalization process is aimed at improving the plastic properties of the material and, as the result, extending its service life. The research presented in the article show that impact strength of the chamber material after revitalization is very high. Also the strength properties of the valve chamber, after revitalization, are high and in line with the requirements. The study show that the revitalization of the valve chamber was carried out correctly and restored the material to plastic deformation.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 3; 243-248
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of ZnAl40Ti2Cu Alloy
Autorzy:
Michalik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
corrosion
Zn-Al alloy
structure
heat treatment
Opis:
The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of heat treatment for the corrosion resistance of the ZnAl40Ti2Cu alloy under “acid rain” conditions. ZnAl40TiCu alloy after supersaturation and after supersaturation and aging was studied. Potentiodynamic studies, potentiostatic studies and studies on structure of the alloy top layer of samples after corrosion tests were carried out. These investigations indicated a significant influence of heat treatment on corrosion resistance of the ZnAl40Ti2Cu alloy. The highest increase in corrosion resistance comparing to the alloy in the as-cast condition may be obtained by supersaturation. A significant influence of the aging temperature and time on corrosion resistance was proved.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 883-888
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multistep Heat-Treatment Effects on Electrospun Nd-Fe-B-O Nanofibers
Autorzy:
Jeon, E. J.
Eom, N. S. A.
Lee, J.
Lee, B.
Cho, H. M.
On, J. S.
Choa, Y.-H
Kim, B. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354311.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Nd-Fe-B
nanofibers
electrospinning
heat treatment
Opis:
Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets are considered to have the highest energy density, and their applications include electric motors, generators, hard disc drives, and MRI. It is well known that a fiber structure with a high aspect ratio and the large specific surface area has the potential to overcome the limitations, such as inhomogeneous structures and the difficulty in alignment of easy axis, associated with such magnets obtained by conventional methods. I n this work, a suitable heat-treatment procedure based on single-step and multistep treatments to synthesize sound electrospun Nd-Fe-B-O nanofibers of Φ572 nm was investigated. The single-step heat-treated (directly heat-treated at 800°C for 2 h in air) samples disintegrated along with the residual organic compounds, whereas the multistep heat-treated (sequential three-step heat-treated including three steps;: dehydration (250°C for 30 min in an inert atmosphere), debinding (650°C for 30 min in air), and calcination (800°C for 1 h in air)) fibers maintained sound fibrous morphology without any organic impurities. They could maintain such fibrous morphologies during the dehydration and debinding steps because of the relatively low internal pressures of water vapor and polymer, respectively. In addition, the NdFeO3 alloying phase was dominant in the multistep heat-treated fibers due to the removal of barriers to mass transfer in the interparticles.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1433-1437
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)
Autorzy:
Krawiec, A.
Vignal, V.
Lelito, J.
Krystianiak, A.
Tyrała, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
austempered ductile iron
corrosion
microstructure
heat treatment
Opis:
The influence of the hold time of the austempering heat treatment at 280°C on the microstructure and corrosion resistance in NaCl-based media of austempered ductile iron was investigated using X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness measurements, corrosion tests and surface observations. Martensite was only found in the sample which was heat treated for a short period (10 minutes). Corrosion tests revealed that this phase does not play any role in the anodic processes. Numerous small pits were observed in the α-phase which is the precursor sites in all samples (whatever the value of the hold time of the austempering heat treatment).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 151-156
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical formulas for the calculations of the hardness of steels cooled from the austenitizing temperature
Autorzy:
Trzaska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CCT diagram
modeling
heat treatment
steel
hardness
Opis:
In this paper, the equations applied for the purpose of the calculations of the hardness of continuously cooled structural steels upon the basis of the temperature of austenitizing. The independent variables of the hardness model were: the mass concentrations of elements, the austenitizing temperature and the cooling rate. The equations were developed with the application of the following methods: multiple regression and logistic regression. In this paper, attention was paid to preparing data for the purpose of calculations, to the methodology of the calculations, and also to the assessment of the quality of developed formulas. The collection of empirical data was prepared upon the basis of more than 500 CCT diagrams.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 3; 1297-1302
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Thermomechanical Controlled Processing and Quenching & Tempering on the Structure and Properties of Bainite-Martensite Steels
Autorzy:
Mandal, G.
Ghosh, S. K.
Chatterjee, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
steels
TMCP
heat treatment
microstructure
mechanical properties
Opis:
In the present time, advanced high strength steel (AHSS) has secured a dominant place in the automobile sector due to its high strength and good toughness along with the reduced weight of car body which results in increased fuel efficiency, controlled emission of greenhouse gases and increased passengers’ safety. In the present study, four new advanced high strength steels (AHSS) have been developed using three different processing routes, i.e., thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP), quenching treatment (QT ), and quenching & tempering (Q&T) processes, respectively. The current steels have achieved a better combination of the high level of strength with reasonable ductility in case of TMCP as compared to the other processing conditions. The achievable ultrahigh strength is primarily attributed to mixed microstructure comprising lower bainite and lath martensite as well as grain refinement and precipitation hardening.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 2; 861-868
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spontaneous Formation of Titanium Nitride on the Surface of a Ti Rod Induced by Electro-Discharge-Heat-Treatment in an N2 Atmosphere
Autorzy:
Lee, W. H.
Yoon, Y. H.
Kim, Y. H.
Lee, Y. K.
Kim, J. Y.
Chang, S. Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
titanium
surface modification
diffusion
heat treatment
XPS
Opis:
A single pulse of 2.0 to 3.5 kJ of input energy from a 450 mF capacitor was applied to a commercially pure Ti rod in a N2 atmosphere. The surface of the Ti rod transformed from TiO2 into titanium nitride in times as short as 159 msec, providing a bimodal morphology of the cross-section. A much higher value of hardness that was observed at the edge of the cross-section was attributed to nitrogen-induced solid-solution hardening that occurred during the electrical discharge process. The activation energy (Ea) for the diffusion process was estimated to be approximately 86.9 kJ/mol. Results show that the electrical discharge process is a possible potential method for the nitriding of Ti; advantages include a short processing time and control of the nitrided layer without dimensional changes.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2B; 1281-1285
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improved flotation of heat treated lignite with saline solutions containing mono and multivalent ions
Autorzy:
Ozdemir, O.
Ersoy, O. F.
Guven, O.
Turgut, H.
Cinar, M.
Çelik, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
flotation
heat treatment
lignite
DLVO
Saline Solutions
Opis:
Flotation of lignites is inherently difficult. However, pre-heat treatment of coal is also known to make coal surfaces more hydrophobic possibly through removal of water entrapped in the structure of coal. In this context, the objective of this study was, therefore, to determine changes in the hydrophobicity of some lignites under moderately controlled heat treatment and correlate the flotation response of lignites in different salt solutions of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 without using any reagent. The results of flotation tests suggested that under the present test conditions, it was possible to float thermally pre-treated lignite samples of partially hydrophobic character in salt solutions in the absence of collector and frother. In addition, the effect of heat treatment on hydrophobicity, and in turn flotation was explained by a theoretical model based on extended DLVO interactions to quantify the effects of both heat treatment and salt concentration on bubble-particle interactions. The results of theoretical modeling suggested that the removal of hydrogen containing groups from coal surfaces significantly contribute to the electrical double layer and hydrophobic forces that govern the magnitude of energetic barrier and also the extent of bubble-particle attachment.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 4; 1070-1082
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Właściwości mechaniczne i korozyjne stopu AlZn5Mg1 po modyfikacji pierwiastkami stopowymi
The mechanical properties and corrosion of the alloy after modification AlZn5Mg1 alloying elements
Autorzy:
Jurczak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
korozje
pierwiastki
obróbka cieplna
corrosion
elements
heat treatment
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości mechanicznych i wytrzymałości na zmęczenie stopu AlZn5Mg2CrZr jako modyfikacji AlZn5Mg1 pierwiastkami stopowymi typu Cr, Zr, Ti. Odporność zmęczeniową wyznaczono, poddając badane stopy obrotowo-giętemu zginaniu w powietrzu i w 3% wodnym roztworze NaCl po różnych obróbkach cieplnych. Badania wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej i zmęczeniowo-korozyjnej tych stopów przeprowadzono dla wybranego zakresu cykli naprężeń zmęczeniowych (c.n.). Pozwoliło to na dobór odpowiednich materiałów konstrukcyjnych na lekkie spawane konstrukcje okrętowe podlegające cyklicznie zmiennym obciążeniom eksploatacyjnym. Badania wykazały, że parametry obróbki cieplnej decydują o wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej w powietrzu i wodzie morskiej. Modyfikacja struktury Cr i Zr stopu AlZn5Mg1 spowodowała, że wykazał on lepszą odporność korozyjno-zmęczeniową przy zastosowaniu odpowiednich parametrów obróbki cieplnej.
The article presents the results of investigations into mechanical properties and fatigue strength of rotary-flexural bending in the air medium and in 3% NaCl water solution of Al-Zn-Mg alloys samples in various stages of heat treatment. The trials were conducted for selected range of corrosion fatigue strength of tested alloys, which in turn, permitted selecting appropriate materials for light vessel structures affected by high changing loads in see water. The research indicated that heat treatment parameters decide about fatigue strength of examined materials in air and sea water. Modification of Cr and Zr structures of AlZn5Mg1alloy resulted in higher corrosion- -fatigue resistance of the alloy when appropriate heat treatment parameters were applied.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2006, R. 47 nr 3 (166), 3 (166); 21-32
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na zużycie erozyjne stali 40Cr4
The effect of heat treatment on the erosive wear of steel 40Cr4
Autorzy:
Liszewski, M.
Krupicz, B.
Tarasiuk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/189218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
zużycie erozyjne
obróbka cieplna
erosive wear
heat treatment
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych dotyczące wpływu obróbki cieplnej stali 40Cr4 na zużycie erozyjne. Badaniu poddano stal w stanie dostarczonym, zahartowaną oraz zahartowaną i odpuszczoną. Odporność na zużycie strumieniowo-ścierne określono przy różnych kątach padania ścierniwa. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że najwyższą odpornością na zużycie strumieniowo-ścierne charakteryzowały się próbki stali poddanej tylko hartowaniu. Posiadały one najwyższą twardość i wytrzymałość na rozciąganie.
The results of studies on the effect of heat treatment on working steel 40Cr4 on erosion wear and tear were presented. The study involved raw, hardened, and hardened and tempered steels. Wear resistance were tested using abrasive blast set at different angles of incidence of the abrasive. The obtained results showed that the highest resistance to wear blast is characterised by samples of heat-treated steel (quenching). They were the hardest and the highest tensile strength.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2012, 3; 85-93
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ehksperimental'noe issledovanie tekhnologicheskikh parametrov processa infrakrasnojj sushki dvizhushhegosja syr'ja syr'ja maslichnykh kul'tur
Experimental study of process parameters infrared drying moving ball of raw oilseeds
Autorzy:
Bandura, V.
Curkan, O.
Palamarchuk, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/77295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
infrared heating
kinetics
drying
rapeseed
soybean
heat treatment
Źródło:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa; 2015, 17, 4
1730-8658
Pojawia się w:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the homogenization temperature on the microstructure and properties of AlSi10CuNiMn alloy
Autorzy:
Cais, J.
Kraus, P.
Lysoňková, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
aluminum alloy
heat treatment
microstructure
intermetallic phase
microhardness
Opis:
The article examines the impact of changes in homogenization temperature in the hardening process on the microstructure of aluminum alloys. The research samples were cast from AlSi10CuNiMn alloy produced by gravity casting technology in metal mold. Subsequently, the castings were subjected to a heat treatment. In an experiment with changing temperature and staying time in the process of homogenization. The microstructure of the alloy was investigated by methods of light and electron microscopy. Examination of the microstructure has focused on changing the morphology of separated particles of eutectic silicon and intermetallic phases. The analysis of intermetallic phases was supplemented by an analysis of the chemical composition – EDS analysis. Effect of heat treatment on the properties investigated alloy was further complemented by Vickers microhardness. Investigated alloy is the result of longtime research conducted at the Faculty of Production Technology and Management.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2017, 11, 1; 104-110
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Examples of Simulation of the Alloying Elements Effect on Austenite Transformations During Continuous Cooling
Autorzy:
Trzaska, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049560.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CCT diagram
simulation
neural network
heat treatment
steel
Opis:
The article shows examples of simulation of the chemical composition effect on austenite transformation during continuous cooling. The calculations used own neural model of CCT (Continuous Cooling Transformation) diagrams describing austenite transformations that occur during continuous cooling. The model allows to calculate a CCT diagrams of structural steels and engineering steels based on chemical composition of steel and austenitizing temperature. Examples of simulation shown herein are related to the effect of selected elements on the temperatures of phase transformations, hardness and volume fraction of ferrite, pearlite, bainite and martensite in steel.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 331-337
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Induction hardening of tool steel for heavily loaded aircraft engine components
Autorzy:
Rokicki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
induction hardening
heavily-loaded gears
heat treatment
microstructure
Opis:
Induction hardening is an innovative process allowing modification of the materials surface with more effective, cheaper and more reproducible way to compare with conventional hardening methods used in the aerospace industry. Unfortunately, high requirements and strict regulation concerning this branch of the industry force deep research allowing to obtain results that would be used for numerical modelling of the process. Only by this way one is able to start the industrial application of the process. The main scope of presented paper are results concerning investigation of microstructure evolution of tool steel after single-frequency induction hardening process. The specimens that aim in representing final industrial products (as heavily loaded gears), were heat- -treated with induction method and subjected to metallographic preparation, after which complex microstructure investigation was performed. The results obtained within the research will be a basis for numerical modelling of the process of induction hardening with potential to be introduced for the aviation industrial components.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 315-320
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ sposobu obróbki cieplnej na poziom polifenoli w świeżych i mrożonych brokułach
Effect of heat treatment on level of polyphenols in fresh and frozen broccoli
Autorzy:
Wieczorek, C.
Bilska, B.
Przybylski, W.
Klocek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Warszawie
Tematy:
polifenole
obróbka cieplna
brokuły
polyphenols
heat treatment
broccoli
Opis:
Celem pracy przedstawionej w artykule jest ocena wpływu obróbki cieplnej na poziom polifenoli w brokułach świeżych i mrożonych. W zależności od rodzaju obróbki cieplnej (gotowanie na parze lub w wodzie) oraz założonych parametrów (czas) uzyskano zróżnicowane zawartości polifenoli. Wraz z wydłużeniem czasu gotowania zawartość tych związków uległa zmniejszeniu. Gotowanie na parze w mniejszym stopniu niż gotowanie w wodzie wpłynęło na zmniejszenie zawartości polifenoli w badanym warzywie. Brokuły świeże, niepoddane obróbce cieplnej zawierały o 44% więcej polifenoli niż mrożone.
Purpose of work was estimate the influence of heat treatment on level of polyphenols in fresh and frozen broccoli. Depending on kind of heat treatment (cooking in steam and cooking in water) and set up parameters (time) got different contents of polyphenols. Contents of this substances has undergone drop along with stretch time of cooking. Cooking in steam in smaller degree than cooking in water has effected drop of contents of polyphenols in vegetables. Fresh, not heat- treated broccoli, included about 44% more polyphenols then frozen.
Źródło:
Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego; 2013, 2; 36-39
0867-793X
2719-3691
Pojawia się w:
Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parametric identification and modeling of rheological behavior of materials with fractal structure during heat treatment
Autorzy:
Sokolovskyy, Yaroslav
Shymanskyi, Volodymyr
Levkovych, Maryana
Kaspryshyn, Yaroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/32304248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
capillary-porous materials
deformation-relaxation processes
heat treatment
Opis:
The technological process of thermal treatment of capillary-porous materials, characterized by the influence of several factors on the material as load, humidity and temperature was considered. Mathematical models of non-isothermal moisture transfer and viscoelastic deformation, taking into account the fractal structure of the environment were constructed. One-dimensional mathematical models of deformation-relaxation processes in environments with fractal structure characterized by the effects of memory, spatial nonlocality and self-organization were considered. Taking into account that the fractional parameters of fractal models allow us to describe the deformation-relaxation processes in comparison with traditional methods more fully, the optimal approximation method, the Proni’s method was proposed. This method allows us to reduce the problem of identification of the fractional parameters which are part of the creep and relaxation kernels structure, to finding the solutions of systems of linear equations. Software to implement the obtained models was developed.
Źródło:
Methods and tools in CAD – selected issues; 107-117
9788366391871
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combination of methods of thermal and radiation treatment of sediments associated with PCBs : the Delor type
Autorzy:
Fülöp, Marko
Šagátová, Andrea
Benkovský, Ivan
Prokes, Karel
Foltinova, Lubica
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron beam
heat treatment
polychlorinated biphenyls
radiation degradation
Opis:
An efficient method of burning polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is often used to remove the environmental burden of PCBs. However, combustion produces toxic dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), so residents are increasingly rejecting this method. The heat treatment (HT) method does not burn PCBs but evaporates it from sediments. Even in this process, PCDD/Fs are formed to a lesser extent, which are destroyed by radiation processing (RP) following the HT. At the same time, the RP method degrades PCB congeners down to biphenyls, which decompose easily in the environment. A block assembly of a complex synergistic combination of equipment for methods of thermal (HT) and radiation (RP) destruction of PCBs in sediments is proposed. The efficacy of this complex was preliminarily determined at a level of 70-fold reduction in PCB concentration in sediments. To achieve a higher reduction factor in the concentration of PCBs, possible procedures for optimizing the settings of individual devices of this complex are presented.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2021, 66, 4; 207--211
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of electronic exposure and heat treatment on the electrical conductivity of epoxy polymer materials
Autorzy:
Udovytska, Yuliia
Luniov, Sergiy
Kashytskyi, Vitalii
Maslyuk, Volodymyr
Megela, Ivan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
irradiation
epoxy resin
specific electrical conductivity
heat treatment
Opis:
The influence of electron irradiation fluxes with energy of 12 MeV and heat treatment on the electrical properties of epoxypolymers with PEPA content of 11, 12 and 13 wt.h. per 100 wt. including epoxy resin. It is show that the electrical conductivity of epoxypolymer increases with electron irradiation fluxes greater than 10 kGy. It found that extra heat treatment of irradiated samples with a hardener content of 12 wt. h. hours leads to an increase in their electrical conductivity. The nature of the obtained dependences of electrical conductivity is determine by the processes of cross-linking, radiation, thermal destruction and mass fraction of the hardener. Radiation-stimulated increase in the conductivity of epoxypolymers can be use to create conductive protective coatings and sensor electronics elements.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2020, 23(1); 81-89
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badanie metodą emisji akustycznej rozciąganych próbek stalowych
Stretching tests of steel samples by the acoustic emission method
Autorzy:
Łapiński, Z.
Łukaszewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/235041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia
Tematy:
emisja akustyczna
obróbka cieplna
acoustic emission
heat treatment
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań metodą Emisji Akustycznej rozciąganych próbek stalowych poddanych uprzednio obróbkom cieplnym i i chemicznym.
The results of tests carried out by the acoustic emission method against the steel samples after the thermal and chemical treatment are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia; 2006, R. 35, z. 99; 143-154
1230-3801
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na jakość cukinii
Influence of heat treatment on the quality of courgette
Autorzy:
Ślaska-Grzywna, B.
Starek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/286448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
cukinia
obróbka cieplna
tekstura
courgette
heat treatment
texture
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań pomiaru mechanicznych cech tekstury cukinii po obróbce cieplnej w piecu konwekcyjno-parowym przy zmiennych parametrach: temperaturze, czasie i dodatku pary. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, iż zmiana parametrów obróbki cieplnej wpływa na badane cechy teksturalne cukinii kształtujące jej jakość.
The study presents the research results of measurement of a courgette texture mechanical properties after subjecting it to a heat treatment in the convectional - steam furnace at variable parameters: temperature, time and additional steam. The results of the research proved that the change of parameters of the heat treatment influences the tested texture properties of a courgette, which form its quality.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2011, R. 15, nr 6, 6; 223-229
1429-7264
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Rolnicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stress-corrosion resistance of the EN AW-AlZn5Mg1,5CuZr alloy in different heat treatment states
Autorzy:
Kyzioł, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
heat treatment
stress corrosion
alloy structures
corrosion resistance
Opis:
The effect of heat treatment of the plastically worked 7000 series Al-Zn-Mg aluminium alloy system on its stress-corrosion resistance is examined. For the same chemical constitution, the effect of heat treatment on mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloys systems is remarkable. It was proved that a parameter having significant effect on corrosion properties of the alloy is the rate of alloy cooling after heat treatment. This conclusion is confirmed by observation of structural forms which fully reflect mechanical and corrosion properties of the alloy.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2013, 4; 39-44
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes In Properties of Hot-Dip Zinc Coating Resulting from Heat Treatment
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczyk, D.
Szatkowska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hot-dip zinc galvanizing
heat treatment
coating hardness
Opis:
This paper analyses the heat treatment of the hot-dip zinc coating deposited on both cast iron and steel. The aim of research is to increase coating hardness and wear resistance without decreasing its anticorrosion properties. Hot-dip zinc coating was deposited in industrial conditions (acc. PN-EN ISO 10684) on disc shape samples and bolts M12x60. The achieved results were assessed on the basis of microscopic observation (with the use of an optical and scanning microscope), EDS (point and linear) analysis and micro-hardness measurements. It was discovered that the heat treatment of zinc coating results in an increase in hardness which is caused by the corresponding changes in microstructure.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 201-206
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A New Neural Networks Model for Calculating the Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams
Autorzy:
Trzaska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CCT diagram
modelling
neural network
heat treatment
steel
Opis:
The article shows a new model of Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagrams of structural steels and engineering steels. The modelling used artificial neural networks and a set of experimental data prepared based on 550 CCT diagrams published in the literature. The model of CCT diagrams forms 17 artificial neural networks which solve classification and regression tasks. Neural model is implemented in a computer software that enables calculation of a CCT diagram based on chemical composition of steel and its austenitizing temperature.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 2009-2015
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of heat treatment on micro structural changes in aluminium bronze
Autorzy:
Hájek, J.
Křiž, A.
Chocholaty, O.
Pakuła, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminium bronzes
heat treatment
microstructure
EDS
corrosion resistance
Opis:
Effect of heat treatment on micro structural changes in aluminium bronze This paper attempts to summarise the niicrostructural changes which take place in aluniiniuni bronzes during heat treatment. Another objective of this study was to map the potential of a certain type of aluminium bronzes for undergoing martensitic transformation. The methods, which were chosen for assessing the results of heat treatment with regard to their availability, included measurement of hardness and observation of inicrostructure using light and scanning electron microscopy. Additional tools for evaluation of microstructure comprised measurement of microhardness and chemical analysis by EDS. An important part of the experiment is observation of microstructural changes in the Joniiny bar during the end-quench test. Upon completing experiments of this kind, one can define the heat treatment conditions necessary for obtaining optimum properties. In addition, the paper presents important findings on how to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminium bronzes by special heat treatment sequences.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 3; 1271-1276
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Heat Treatment Effect on Physical Properties of Stainless Steel / Inconel Bonded by Directed Energy Deposition
Autorzy:
Eom, Yeong Seong
Kim, Kyung Tae
Kim, Dong Won
Yu, Ji-Hun
Sim, Chul Yong
An, Seung Jun
Park, Yong-Ha
Son, Injoon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
directed energy deposition
interface
physical properties
heat treatment
Opis:
In this study, stainless steel 316L and Inconel 625 alloy powders were additively manufactured by using directed energy deposition process. And heat treatment effect on hardness and microstructures of the bonded stainless steel 316L/Inconel 625 sample was investigated. The microstructures shows there are no secondary phases and big inclusions near interfacial region between stainless steel 316L and Inconel 625 except several small cracks. The results of TEM and Vickers Hardness show the interfacial area have a few tens of micrometers in thickness. Interestingly, as the heat treatment temperature increases, the cracks in the stainless steel region does not change in morphology while both hardness values of stainless steel 316L and Inconel 625 decrease. These results can be used for designing pipes and valves with surface treatment of Inconel material based on stainless steel 316L material using the directed energy deposition.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 4; 1049-1054
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Heat Treatment and Nickel Content on the Properties of the GX4CrNi13-4 Steel
Autorzy:
Kaňa, V.
Krutiš, V.
Bořil, P.
Záděra, A.
Rimko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
martensitic steel
retained austenite
mechanical properties
heat treatment
Opis:
For the EN GX4CrNi13-4 martensitic stainless steel, research was conducted to investigate the impact of the quenching intensity and the content of nickel on the mechanical properties and amount of retained austenite. It was found that the amount of retained austenite significantly increases with growing nickel concentration. On the other hand, the cooling rate at quenching makes a difference only if the cooling is intensive, then amount of retained austenite decrease. A higher nickel content improves the mechanical properties. With more intensive cooling, the tensile strength decreases while the yield strength increases. The ductility is not significantly affected by the cooling intensity.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 37-41
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Hyperquenching Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy Cast Steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3
Autorzy:
Jurczyk, P.
Wróbel, T.
Baron, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
heat treatment
mechanical properties
microstructure
Opis:
The paper presents the research results concerning the chromium-nickel-molybdenum duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The aim of studies was the description of the influence of hyperquenching temperature Tp i.e. 1100, 1125 and 1150°C on microstructure and mainly mechanical properties i.e. tensile strength UTS, yield strength YS, hardness HB, elongation EL and impact energy KV of duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The range of studies included ten melts which were conducted in foundry GZUT S.A. Based on the obtained results was confirmed that application of hyperquenching process guarantees the elimination of brittle s phase in the microstructure of studied duplex cast steel. Moreover on the basis of conducted statistical analysis of the researches results is concluded that with the decrease in hyperquenching temperature increases ductility and amount of austenite, while decreases strength and amount of ferrite in studied duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 73-80
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influences of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of the Explosively Welded D Grade Steel / En Aw 5083 Aluminium Joint
Autorzy:
Palaci, Yüksel
Olgun, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
triclad
heat treatment
mechanical properties
dissimilar metal welding
Opis:
In this study, the effects of heat treatment on aluminum/steel structural transition joint (STJ) strength were analyzed with ram tensile tests to find the right welding conditions. Before ram tensile tests, the specimens were subjected to different heat treatments to simulate possible thermal conditions, which may occur during the welding of STJ to the steel side of ship construction. Temperatures were varied from 100°C to 500°C, and durations were changed between 5-25 minutes in the heat treatments. The results of the ram tensile tests indicated that tensile strength decreased above 300°C. Micro-hardness test and microstructure examination were conducted to understand behavior change during ram tensile tests. The investigation showed that precipitation of the secondary hard phases with aging at interface above 300°C, reduced the bonding between aluminum and steel materials, which lead to a decrease of strength, and also changed the mechanical behavior of the STJ during ram test from ductile to brittle fracture. If the temperature is below 500°C and the duration is under 15 minutes, the STJ strength value meets the standard requirement. Short and rapid welding could be suggested to reduce heat buildup during welding.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 2; 373-380
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na korozje stopów Al-Zn-Mg
The influence of heat treatment on stress corrosion of Al-Zn-Mg alloys
Autorzy:
Jurczak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
korozje
obróbka cieplna
stopy metali
corrosion
heat treatment
alloys
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań własności mechanicznych i odporności na korozję naprężeniową nowego stopu AlZn5Mg2CrZr (próbny wytop przemysłowy) w różnych stanach obróbki cieplnej i porównano z własnościami stopu AlZn5Mg1 zastosowanego w budownictwie okrętowym.
The paper presents the results of tests on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the new alloy AlZn5Mg2CrZr (experimental industrial production) in various stages of heat treatment and of their comparison with the properties of AlZn5Mg1 alloy which is used in shipbuilding.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2006, R. 47 nr 2 (165), 2 (165); 37-50
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structures for Heat Treatment Assembled from Cast Elements
Autorzy:
Piekarski, Bogdan
Drotlew, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1445040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
castings for heat treatment plants
design of castings
grates
Opis:
Various types of technological equipment individually designed for operation in pit and elevator heat treatment furnaces are described in this article. A common characteristic of these structures is that they are composed of several or several dozen thin-walled elements of various shapes and sizes, gravity cast in sand moulds from creep-resistant alloys (austenitic Cr-Ni/Ni-Cr cast steel and cast nickel alloys). The design of the castings requires the development of a manufacturing technology that can effectively use the principle of the simultaneous solidification of all components. Properly designed equipment should have minimum weight, maximum strength, and maximum loading capacity combined with adequate durability and reliability. Two designs of the equipment for the heat treatment of steel parts were presented. Both designs, as well as their individual components, were described in detail and illustrated. The main task of the equipment is to form the charge in the furnace and transport this charge both inside and outside the furnace. The first design is the design of an equipment for the heat treatment of large ring-shaped parts. The second design is the design of an equipment, whose structure can be modified using various repeatable components. As a result of these modifications, different variants of the equipment are obtained, allowing for the heat treatment of five different types of the shafts characterized by different shapes and sizes. The study is of an application nature. It is addressed to engineering and technical staff dealing with both the design and operation of heat treatment furnaces.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2020, 4, 4; 53-57
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the AZ91 Laser Welded Joint
Autorzy:
Dziadoń, Andrzej
Musiał, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
AZ91 alloy
laser welding
heat treatment after welding
Opis:
Plates of AZ91 magnesium alloy were butt-welded using a CO2 laser. The non-equilibrium solidification of the laser-melted metal caused fragmentation of the weld microstructure as well as the supersaturation of a solid solution of aluminium in magnesium, which enabled the T5 ageing of the weld. The weld proved to be a mechanically stable part of the joint; all the tensile-tested specimens, both as-welded and post-weld T5 aged, fractured outside it. During the ageing of the supersaturated joint, which involved heat treating it to the T6 condition, the weld was the region where discontinuous precipitation was observed and this was the location of fracture in the tensile specimens. Thus, the strength properties of welded, supersaturated and aged AZ91 were much worse than when the non-welded material was T6 tempered.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 2; 435--440
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of ADI Ductile Cast Iron with Single Addition of 1.56% Ni
Autorzy:
Mrzygłód, B.
Kowalski, A.
Olejarczyk-Wożenska, I.
Giętka, T.
Głowacki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ductile iron
heat treatment
structure of ADI
ADI properties
Opis:
The results of examinations of microstructure and an analysis of its impact on selected mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) were presented in the paper. The ADI was produced from the ductile iron containing 1.56% Ni only alloying addition. The effect of the austempering time and temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the examined cast iron was considered. Constant conditions of austenitizing were assumed and six variants of the austempering treatment were adopted. The studyof mechanical properties included a static tensile test, Charpy impact strength test and Brinellhardness measurement. This work complements the knowledge about alloying additions effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of ADI and focuses on the impact of a single alloying element (Ni).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2273-2280
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Influence of Ageing on the Structure, Corrosion Resistance and Hardness of High Aluminum ZnAl40Cu3 Alloy
Autorzy:
Michalik, R.
Tomaszewska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Zn-Al-Cu alloys
heat treatment
corrosion resistance
hardness
Opis:
Zn-Al-Cu alloys are used primarily because of their tribological properties as an alternative material for bronze, cast iron and aluminum alloy bearings and as a construction material. Particularly interesting are high aluminum zinc alloys. Monoeutectic zinc and aluminum alloys are characterized by the highest hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of all of the zinc alloys. A significant problem with the use of the Zn-Al-Cu alloys is their insufficient resistance to electrochemical corrosion. Properties of Zn-Al-Cu alloys can be improved by heat treatment. The purpose of examination was to determine the effect of heat treatment (aging at various temperatures) on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. The scope of the examination included: structural examinations, determination of hardness using Brinell’s method and corrosion resistance examinations. Ageing at higher temperatures causes a creation of areas where is an eutectoid mixture. The study showed that ageing causes a decrease in hardness of ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. This decrease is even greater, when the temperature of ageing is lower. The studies have shown a significant influence of ageing on the corrosion resistance of the alloy ZnAl40Cu3. Maximum corrosion resistance were characterized by the sample after ageing at higher temperatures.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 289-294
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Connecting Castings for Operation under Conditions of Cyclic Temperature Changes
Autorzy:
Drotlew, Andrzej
Piekarski, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/107011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
castings for heat treatment plants
grates
pillars
thermal fatigue
Opis:
The separable connections used in technological equipment of heat treatment furnaces (OTP) are described in this study. The equipment is used for the heat treatment of charges, i.e. for the thermal and thermo-chemical treatment of parts of machines and devices. OTP is used for the charge formation and its transport before, during and after heat treatment operations. Accessories of this type are usually compact structures composed of several or several dozen cast elements. The main components are grates and pillars, which form an outer contour of the OTP and also allow for the correct arrangement of heat-treated parts. To form a relatively rigid structure composed of the grates and pillars, it is necessary to join these components together. For this purpose, various types of separable connections are used, mainly of a cylindrical shape with threaded parts. The subject of this study is focused on the construction and operating conditions of typical OTP structures, as well as the methods of fastening the pillar in a grate, i.e. on the design of the bottom part of the pillar and the hole in the grate in which this pillar is embedded.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2020, 4, 1; 16-21
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of the heat treatment process of a steel porous charge using an integrated modelling
Autorzy:
Wyczółkowski, R.
Benduch, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
porous charge
heat treatment
integrated modelling
effective thermal conductivity
Opis:
The paper discusses the structure and principle of operation of programs for integrated modelling of the processes of heat treatment of porous-structure steel charges, such as long product bundles or strip or wire coils. Consideration is given to the specificity of these models in respect to porous charges. This is associated with their untypical thermal properties, which are expressed using the concept of effective thermal conductivity.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2014, 8, 24; 13-18
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ litu na właściwości i odporność korozyjną stopów Al-Zn-Mg w wodzie morskiej
Effect of lithium on the properties and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg in seawater
Autorzy:
Jurczak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/222086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
korozje
obróbka cieplna
woda morska
corrosion
heat treatment
seawater
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości mechanicznych i odporności na korozję naprężeniową stopu AlZn4,5Mg1,2Li o zmiennej zawartości Li (1,2 – 2,5%) poddanego obróbce cieplnej jako modyfikacji okrętowego stopu AlZn5Mg1.
The paper presents the results of investigations into mechanical properties and resistance to tension-related corrosion of AlZn4,5Mg1,2Li alloy of variable content of Li (1.2 – 2.5%) subject to heat treatment as a modification of marine AlZn5Mg1 alloy.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2005, R. 46 nr 3 (162), 3 (162); 37-49
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental evaluation of the effects of structural changes on the vibration properties of ck35 steel
Autorzy:
Yazani, Navid Moshtaghi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
microstructure
spheroidization heat treatment
modal analysis
natural frequency
damping
Opis:
The microstructure of some components which operate in high-temperature conditions (e.g. boiler components, turbine blades used in gas power plants, jet engines and reactors) is subjected to changes in long run, which leads to a degradation in the mechanical properties of these components and consequently, reduces their lifecycle. Therefore, it is so useful to detect the changes in the microstructure of these parts during their operation, employing an easy, fast and non-destructive method to determine their remaining life. In this study, we evaluate the effects of the microstructural changes on natural frequencies and the damping coefficient of CK35 steel, employing the experimental modal test. We aim to use the method for power plant components, if it has significant effects. To do so, we applied spheroidization heat treatment on CK35 steel samples having a primary structure of ferrite-pearlite for 24 and 48 hours. Then, we carried out the experimental modal test on samples having different metallurgical structures, but with the same dimensions and weights. According to the findings, the spherical ferrite-carbide particles in the ferrite structure increase the natural frequencies and damping coefficient. These tests show that the structural changes in this type of steel result in slight changes in the values of natural frequencies; however, it significantly changes the damping frequencies.
Źródło:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2021, 15, 2; 53-57
1898-4088
2300-5319
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the annealing time after welding on the mechanical properties of welded joint of T91 steel
Autorzy:
Wojsyk, K.
Golański, G.
Jasak, J.
Słania, J.
Zieliński, A.
Urbańczyk, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
T91 steel
post welded heat treatment
mechanical properties
Opis:
The paper presents the results of research on the influence of the time of annealing after welding at the temperature of 750°C on the mechanical properties of a homogeneous welded joint of T91 steel. The welded joints were annealed at 750°C for 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 hours. The research scope included the basic study, i.e. the measurement of hardness, the test of impact energy, the static tensile test, bending test, as well as the accelerated creep test. The results of the tests of mechanical properties indicate the possibility of using shorter annealing times for thin-walled welded joints, and thus the possibility of savings as a result of flexible heat treatments.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 3; 1425-1430
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Austempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Retained Austenite of Cast Bainitic Steel Used for Frogs in Railway Crossovers
Autorzy:
Parzych, S.
Dziurka, R.
Goły, M.
Kulinowski, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354616.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
railway crossover
austempering of bainitic cast steel
heat treatment
Opis:
This work deals with the effect of austempering temperature and time on the microstructure and content of retained austenite of a selected cast steel assigned as a material used for frogs in railway crossovers. Bainitic cast steel was austempered at 400°C, 450°C and 500°C for two selected times (0.5 h, 4.0 h) to study the evolution of the microstructure and retained austenite content. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD), and hardness tests. Phase transformations during and after austempering were determined by dilatometric methods.The increase in isothermal temperature causes an increase in time to start of bainitic transformation from 0.25 to 1.5 s. However, another increase in temperature to 500°C shifts the incubation time to as much as 11 s. The time after which the transformations have ended at individual temperatures is similar and equal to about 300 s (6 min.). The dilatation effects are directly related to the amount of bainite formation. Based on these we can conclude that the temperature effect in the case of cast steel is inversely proportional to the amount of bainite formed. The largest effect can be distinguished in the case of the sample austempered at 400°C and the smallest at 500°C. Summarizing the dilatometric results, we can conclude that an increase in austempering temperature causes an increase in austenite stability. In other words, the chemical composition lowers (shifts to lower temperatures) the range of bainite transformation. It is possible that at higher austempering temperatures we will receive only stable austenite without any transformation. This is indicated by the hatched area in Figure 4b. This means that the heat treatment of cast steel into bainite is limited on both sides by martensitic transformation and the range of stable austenite. The paper attempts to estimate the content of retained austenite with X-ray diffraction.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 4; 1463-1468
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure and service properties of copper alloys
Autorzy:
Polok-Rubiniec, M.
Konieczny, J.
Labisz, A.
Włodarczyk-Fligier, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
alloyed copper
heat treatment
cold rolling
wear resistance
hardness
Opis:
This elaboration shows the effect of combined heat treatment and cold working on the structure and utility properties of alloyed copper. As the test material, alloyed copper CuTi4 was employed. The samples were subjected to treatment according to the following schema: 1st variant - supersaturation and ageing, 2nd variant - supersaturation, cold rolling and ageing. The paper presents the results of inicrostructure, hardness, and abrasion resistance. The analysis of the wipe profile geometry was realized using a Zeiss LSM 5 Exciter confocal microscope. Cold working of the supersaturated solid solution affects significantly its hardness but the cold plastic deformation causes deterioration of the wear resistance of the finally aged CuTi4 alloy.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 3; 1277-1282
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Bainitic Steel Used for Frogs in Railway Crossovers
Autorzy:
Parzych, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
railway crossover
bainitic cast steel
heat treatment
mechanical properties
Opis:
This work deals with the effect of heat treatment on a microstructure and mechanical properties of a selected cast steel assigned as a material used for frogs in railway crossovers. Materials used nowadays in the railway industry for frogs e.g. Hadfield cast steel (GX120Mn13) or wrougth pearlitic steel (eg. R260) do not fulfil all exploitation requirements indicated in the UIC (International Union of Railways) Decision No. 1692/96 in terms of train speed that should be reached on railways. One of the possible solution is using a cast steel with bainitic or bainitic-martensitic microstructure that allows to gain high strength properties the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1400 MPa, the tensile yield strength (TYS) of 900 MPa and the hardness of up to 400 BHN. The tested material is considered as an alternative to Hadfield cast steel that is currently used for railway frogs. Results of an experimental analysis of the effect of conducted heat treatment on a microstructure, the volume fraction of retained austenite and mechanical properties of bainitic steel, are shown in this paper. It was found that, the heat treatment leads to a stabilization of retained austenite in grain boundaries area of the primary austenite. Additionally, the heat treatment according to the variant #3 results with an almost 3-times higher impact toughness to that exhibited by material subjected to the other treatments.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2147-2151
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Annealing Treatment on (Mg17Al12) Phase Characterization and Corrosion Behavior in Different Solutions for AZ91 Alloy
Autorzy:
Abass, Marwa H.
Abdulkareem, Makarim H.
Hussein, Hussien A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201907.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
AZ91
alloy
heat treatment
corrosion
microstructure
antibacterial
hardness
Opis:
Heat treatment is the most suitable technique for altering the microstructure and, consequently, it is possible to create the optimal balance of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength in a material by carefully regulating the conditions during the heating process. The present work aims to investigate the effect of heat treatments (annealing) at (300°C) at different times (10, 20, and 30 hr) on the magnesium alloy. How the Mg17Al12 phase influences the corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy was quantified in different solution (SBF, Lactic and Ringer). It was able to construct an extensive range of Mg17Al12 phase volume fractions by varying the annealing period. The corrosion potential of many specimens with varied proportions of the Mg17Al12 phase was evaluated. The results of the conducted tests manifested that the material's resistance to corrosion greatly improved with an increase in the volume fraction of Mg17Al12 phase. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The SEM photographs evinced that the amount of β-Mg17Al12 phase decreased significantly, with the distribution occurring at the grain boundaries and with increasing the time of annealing, resulting in a highly saturated α-grain. The XRD validated the all material peaks of phases that are present. The corrosion test behavior of AZ91 alloy in the simulated body fluid (SBF), lactic, and Ringer solutions was investigated through electrochemical measurements, the result was elucidated as measured along the Tafel slope, and the corrosion current density of all heat treated samples was lower than that of the as-cast sample. The measurement of hardness (HV) demonstrated that the hardness decreased to (64.5 HV0.5) during the heat treatment. The result antibacterial efficiency was revealed that AZ91 at 30 hr was best then as cast against the bacteria E.coli.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2023, 17, 2; 330--341
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Water Treatment and Immersion in Calcium Salt Solutions on the Quality of Fruits of Peumo Pink Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Stored under Cold Conditions
Autorzy:
Correa, Julio
Amoros, Asuncion
Silva, Herman P.
Covarrubias, José I.
Escalona, Victor H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-09
Wydawca:
Instytut Rozrodu Zwierząt i Badań Żywności Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Olsztynie
Tematy:
calcium chloride
calcium lactate
calcium propionate
postharvest
heat treatment
heat shock protein
Opis:
Tomato is one of the most consumed vegetable crops worldwide. In the break stage, it is perishable, and it has a postharvest life that does not exceed three weeks at 12 to 15°C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immersion in water and in calcium salt solutions on the metabolism and quality of tomato of traditional Peumo Pink cultivar stored for 28 days at 10ºC plus a simulated trading period of 2 days at 20ºC. Fruits were treated in water at 5, 45 and 60ºC at two immersion times of 1 and 4 min or in 2% solutions of calcium chloride, lactate and propionate at 10 and 45ºC for 4 min. The respiration rate, ethylene production and heat shock protein gene expression as well as firmness, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of tomato were determined. Dipping in water at 60°C reduced the loss of firmness and respiratory rate of tomatoes up to 21 days at 10°C + 2 days at 20°C. Treatment in water at 45°C for 4 min and at 60°C for 1 or 4 min stimulated heat shock protein gene expression. However, fruit treated at 60°C for 1 or 4 min showed uneven ripening; hence, the immersion in water at 45°C for 4 min was the most recommended to extend the postharvest life of tomatoes. In turn, the immersion in calcium lactate and propionate solutions at 45°C increased total calcium content and maintained firmness after 28 days at 10°C + 2 days at 20°C. The use of high temperature and calcium salts for dipping would be beneficial to provide the vegetal tissues with calcium and reduce the softening of the tomato after prolonged cold storage.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences; 2022, 72, 2; 193-202
1230-0322
2083-6007
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Określanie naprężeń własnych w płycie spawanej
Determination of residual stresses in welded plate
Autorzy:
Dobrociński, S.
Flis, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
spawanie
płyty stalowe
obróbka cieplna
welding
steel plate
heat treatment
Opis:
W artykule opisano badania eksperymentalne z wykorzystaniem efektu Barkhausena i numeryczne, których celem było określenie naprężeń pozostających w płytach stalowych i ze stopu aluminium po ich zespawaniu.
The paper presents experimental investigations: numerical and with use of Barkhausen effect whose aim was to determine stresses remaining in steel and aluminum plates after they were welded.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2004, R. 45 nr 3 (158), 3 (158); 19-33
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena wpływu obróbki termicznej na wybrane właściwości fizyczne nasion soczewicy
Assessment of impact of heat treatment on selected physical properties of lentil seeds
Autorzy:
Grochowicz, J.
Małek-Woźnica, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/286691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
soczewica
obróbka termiczna
właściwości fizyczne
lentil
heat treatment
physical properties
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań obróbki termicznej nasion soczewicy. Celem badań było określenie wpływu wilgotności początkowej, temperatury oleju oraz czasu obróbki na wybrane właściwości fizyczne nasion. Badano zmiany wymiarów geometrycznych, masy, wytrzymałości nasion na zgniatanie, wilgotność końcową otrzymanego produktu. Wyniki badań wskazują, że zarówno wilgotność nasion, jak i zmiany temperatury oleju i czasu trwania obróbki termicznej wpływają na wybrane właściwości fizyczne surowca.
The study presents the results of research on heat treatment of lentil seeds. The pur-pose of the study was to determine the impact of initial humidity, oil temperature and the time of treatment on selected physical properties of the seeds. The changes of geometrical dimensions, weight, crushing strength of the seeds and the final hu-midity of the obtained product were examined. The results of the research show that both the humidity of the seeds and the changes of oil temperature and time of heat treatment do have an effect on the selected physical properties of the raw material.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2006, R. 10, nr 5(80), 5(80); 199-206
1429-7264
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Rolnicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of antimony modification and heat treatment on the AlSi9CuMnNi alloy
Autorzy:
Naprstkova, N.
Caiss, J.
Sviantek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/111952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
aluminium alloy
heat treatment
manufacturing
stop aluminium
obróbka cieplna
produkcja
Opis:
Modification of alloys is an important part of the metallurgical process, and this also applies to aluminum alloys, particularly for Al-Si (silumins). As a modification of the material we can utilise the modification using the selected element or heat treatment of alloys, or a combination of both processes. One of the elements that it is possible to modify the alloy of Al-Si used is antimony (Sb). The paper examines the possible effect of the modification of that element and heat treatment on the final structure of the alloy AlSi9CuMnNi and other selected properties after machining. In the experiments three castings from the alloy AlSi9CuMnNi were made without modification, three castings with the modification and without heat treatment, three castings with modification and without heat treatment, and three castings with modification and heat treatment. The described experiment and analysis are part of extensive research undertaken at Faculty of Production Technology and Management, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústínad Labem.
Źródło:
Production Engineering Archives; 2015, 8, 3; 18-21
2353-5156
2353-7779
Pojawia się w:
Production Engineering Archives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Reaction Time and Heat Treatment in the Production of Hydroxyapatite by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Autorzy:
Kati, Nida
Ozan, Sermin
Yildiz, Tülay
Arslan, Mehmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Hydroxyapatite
hydrothermal
heat treatment
reaction time
XRD/SEM
optical properties
Opis:
In the present work, Hydroxyapatite synthesis was carried out using hydrothermal method with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) and fosfor pentaoksit (P2O5) as precursors. For the hydrothermal method, constant reaction temperature (180°C) and different reaction times (6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours) were determined. The samples produced were divided into two groups. Four samples were not heat treatment; four samples were heat treatment at 700°C for 1 hour. The obtained products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrometer. SEM photos showed that the Hydroxyapatite powders produced are in the form of the agglomerate. According to EDS results, Hydroxyapatite samples are of high purity. XRD’s findings confirm that the diffraction peaks correspond to the pure phase of Hydroxyapatite. A general decrease was observed in the energy band gap of the samples with increasing hydrothermal reaction time.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 4; 1427--1434
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Pre and Post Weld Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Optic Beam Delivery System Assisted Robotic Nd: Yag Laser Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Autorzy:
Köse, C.
Karaca, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
titanium alloy
robotic laser welding
heat treatment
microstructure
mechanical properties
Opis:
In the present study, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plates were joined using robotic fiber laser welding method. Pre- and post-weld heat treatments were applied to laser welded joints. After welding stress relieving, solution heat treatment and ageing were also applied to preheated laser welded samples. Effects of heat treatment conditions on microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of robotic fiber laser welded joints were studied. Aged samples were found to be made of coarsened grains compared to microstructures of non-aged samples. There were increases in ductility and impact toughness of samples applied to ageing increased, while hardness and tensile strength of non-aged samples were higher. The highest value for tensile strength and for impact toughness in welded samples have been identified as 840 MPa and 27 J, respectively. Fractures in tensile test samples and base metal impact test samples took place in the form of ductile fracture, while laser welded impact test samples had fractures in the mode of intergranular fractures with either a quasi-cleavage type or tear ridges. EDS analysis carried out for all heat treatment conditions and welding parameters demonstrated that major element losses were not observed in base metal, HAZ and weld metal.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1225-1233
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characterisation of Microstructure of We43 Magnesium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Carbon Fibres
Autorzy:
Gryc, A.
Rzychoń, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352456.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metal matrix composite
magnesium
WE43
carbon fibre
heat treatment
Opis:
In the paper the microstructures of WE43 matrix composites reinforced with carbon fibres have been characterised. The influence of reinforcement type and T6 heat treatment (a solution treatment at 525°C for 8 h, a hot water quench and a subsequent ageing treatment at 250°C for 16 h) on microstructure have been evaluated. The light microscope and scanning electron microscope investigations have been carried out. No significant differences in samples reinforced with non-coated textiles have been reported. The substantial changes in sample reinforced with nickel-coated textile have been observed. The segregation of alloying elements to the matrix-reinforcement layer has been identified. The T6 heat treatment caused the appearance of disperse precipitates of β phase, but the process cannot be considered as satisfactory (irregular distribution, low volume fraction, relatively large size).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2B; 1075-1081
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Solution Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Cast AZ91-(Ca) Alloys
Autorzy:
Jun, Joong-Hwan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
AZ91 alloy
calcium
mechanical properties
microstructure
solution heat treatment
Opis:
Effects of solution treatment on room temperature mechanical properties were studied in cast AZ91 (Mg-9%Al-1%Zn-0.2%Mn) and AZ91-0.5%Ca alloys. In as-cast state, the Ca addition contributed to the suppression of discontinuous β phase precipitation and the formation of Al2 Ca phase. After solution treatment, the AZ91 alloy had only a small amount of Al8 Mn5 particles, while β and Al2 Ca phases were still present in the Ca-containing alloy. In as-cast state, the AZ91-0.5%Ca alloy showed better yield strength and hardness than the AZ91 alloy. The solution treatment increased the elongation in both alloys, which eventually led to the increase in ultimate tensile strength. The solution treatment resulted in a marked decrease in yield strength and hardness in the AZ91 alloy, whereas the decrements in those values were relatively negligible in the Ca-containing alloy due to the residual phases and solution hardening effect of Ca.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 265-269
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
To Study the Microstructural Evolution of EN353 Steel under Different Heat Treatment Conditions
Autorzy:
Sharma, Lochan
Chaubey, Sandeep Kumar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
CCT curves
cooling rate
heat treatment
bainite
ferrite
pearlite
microstructure
Opis:
Steel is basically used in construction, automobile, buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, appliances, machines and weapons due to its good mechanical as well as metallurgical properties. Heat treatment of steels significantly enhance its mechanical and metallurgical properties due to the formation of various phases depending upon the type of steel used for specific application. In present study, blank of EN353 grade steel having different sizes were used to investigate the effect of heat treatment and microstructural changes. JMat-Pro software was used to predict the continuous cooling transformation behaviour of EN353 steel. Different phases such as bainite, perlite and other carbide inclusion can be observed in the microstructural examination. Pearlitic microstructure developed for the specimen of size 40×40×40 mm heated at 870°C for 2 hrs and then isothermal heating was performed for same specimen at 600°C for 73 min followed by air cooling. Relevance Statement: Steel is an important material which is frequently used in almost all areas such as structure building, pressure vessels, transportation and many more other applications. Addition of alloying elements in parent steel significantly improve the metallurgical as well as mechanical properties. Steel properties like tensile strength, toughness, ductility, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, hardness, hot hardness, weldability, fatigue etc. significantly improved with the addition of alloying and heat treatment. Heat treatment processes can be used to improve the properties of steel which are frequently used in many manufacturing industries. Different grades of steels which are heat treated under a set of sequence of heating and cooling to change their physical and mechanical properties so that it can fulfil its function under loading condition. With the help of heat treatment process desired microstructure has been achieved which exhibit good mechanical properties of steels.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 423--430
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laser beam welding: research state of the art on performance and measures
Autorzy:
Chandran, Sudhin
Rajesh, R.
Devanand, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049943.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
laser welding
beam width
heat treatment
performance measures
maximum performance
Opis:
Laser beam welding (LBW) is a remarkable method for combining dissimilar materials, primarily when the unique amalgamation of metals is necessary. LBW, owing to attractive features, namely: low heat input, high heat concentration, high power density and low distortion is one of the more advantageous methods for, e.g., welding and repair of aircraft and turbine engine elements, constructed from superalloy. In this paper, the literature is scrutinized on diverse techniques that are associated with laser welding systems. The review is provided of several dozen research articles, involving an appropriate analysis. Initially, the analysis depicts various schemes that are contributed in different articles. Subsequently, the analysis also focuses on various particular features such as laser beam width and type of laser, and it also considers the heat treatment analysis that is contained in each of the articles reviewed. Furthermore, the present paper provides a detailed study regarding the performance measures and maximum performance achievements regarding each contribution accounted for. Finally, it indicates the various research issues, which can be useful for the researchers to carry out further research on laser welding systems. Of particular interest to the Readers of this journal is the fact of ample application of modelling, identification, data processing, image processing and AI tools in the respective surveyed studies.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2020, 49, 1; 123-153
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High-quality silumin on pistons of combustion engines
Autorzy:
Jankowski, A.
Pietrowski, S.
Sieminska, B.
Szymczak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
piston
composite alloys
heat treatment
thermal expansion
hysteresis
Opis:
In the paper the test results are presented for the AlSH2Cu5Ni5MgO.5CrO.05MoO.05WO.05VO.05 newly worked out silumin close to eutectic piston-silumin with the elevated content ofcopper and nickel to approx. 5% with relation to generally applied the AISH2 piston silumin. The novel silumin contains also Cr, Mo, In and V micro alloy additions in quantity approx. 0.05 percent for every element. Research of microstructure, HB hardness and coefficient of lineal thermal expansion a for the AlSil2Cu5Ni5MgO.5CrO.05MoO.05WO.05VO.05 silumin in the cast state, after the separation strengthening and additional short duration high-temperature heat-treatment were performed. Research of the microstructure of the AlSH2Cu5Ni5MgO.5CrO.05MoO.05WO.05VO.05 silumin showed the occurrence in it following constituent phases: alfa(Al), beta(Si), Al2Cu and AlMoCrWVMgNiSiCuFe. The separation strengthening brought about the coagulation of silicon emissions. The short duration high-temperature heat-treatment caused additional coagulation of silicon emissions and also its coalescence. Measurement of the HB hardness showed high hardness investigated alloy in the rough state, approx. 30% higher from the AlSi2 piston silumin. Measurement of the a coefficient of thermal expansion showed beneficial effects of novel alloy connected with the value decreasing of this coefficient as well so called hysteresis. Further studies on novel alloy will concentrate on alloy-additional and processes of the heat treatment.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 563-573
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cykliczna obróbka cieplna : w teorii i w zastosowaniu
Cyclic heat treatment : theory and practice
Autorzy:
Szkliniarz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
AXIS MEDIA
Tematy:
cykliczna obróbka cieplna
technologia
zastosowanie
cyclic heat treatment
technology
application
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono nową technologię cyklicznej obróbki cieplnej opisując szczegółowo zjawiska towarzyszące procesowi, typy cyklicznej obróbki cieplnej oraz liczne przykłady wykorzystania tego procesu z uwzględnieniem najbardziej znanych jak i spektakularnych zastosowań.
The article describes the new heat treatment technology and provides detailed information about the accompanying phenomena, types of cyclic thermal treatment and a number of examples of how the process was employed, including the most notable and impressive instances.
Źródło:
Piece Przemysłowe & Kotły; 2014, 7-8 / 9-10; 13-16
2082-9833
Pojawia się w:
Piece Przemysłowe & Kotły
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Solution Heat Treatment on Structure and Mechanical Properties of ZnAl22Cu3 Alloy
Autorzy:
Michalik, R.
Chmiela, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351554.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
heat treatment
mechanical properties
structure
ZnAl22Cu3 alloy
Opis:
The influence of solution heat treatment at 385°C over 10 h with cooling in water on the structure, hardness and strength of the ZnAl22Cu3 eutectoid alloy is presented in the paper. The eutectoid ZnAl22Cu3 alloy is characterized by a dendritic structure. Dendrites are composed of a supersaturated solid solution of Al in Zn. In the interdendritic spaces a eutectoid mixture is present, with an absence of the ε (CuZn4) phase. Solution heat treatment of the ZnAl22Cu3 alloy causes the occurrence of precipitates rich in Zn and Cu, possibly ε phase. Solution heat treatment at 385°C initially causes a significant decrease of the alloy hardness, although longer solution heat treatment causes a significant increase of the hardness as compared to the as-cast alloy.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 3; 1581-1586
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of heat treatment on breakage rate function of ulexite
Autorzy:
Ipek, H.
Sahan, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
ulexite
grinding
ball milling
breakage rate function
heat treatment
microwave
Opis:
The kinetics of batch grinding and heat treated of ulexite using different size fractions (–3350+2360, –2360+1700, –1700+1180, 1180+850, –850+600, –600+425, –425+300, –300+212 and – 212+150 micrometers was determined using a standard Bond ball mill. It was found that breakage of ulexite follows the first order behavior for all feed sizes with the correlation coefficients equal to approximately 98%. The dry grinding of the single-sized fraction and heat treatment of ulexite showed that heat treatment samples were ground much faster than the original ulexite samples.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2013, 49, 2; 651-658
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Damage in Anneling Inconel 718 on Hardness Measured by the Vickers Method
Autorzy:
Malicki, M.
Gadalińska, E.
Chmiel, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/98002.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
damage parameter
Vickers hardness
Inconel 718
tensile test
heat treatment
Opis:
In the previous work [1] it was shown that strain hardening had considerable impact on the hardness of Inconel 718. In order to verify the weakening of the material associated with the damage mechanism in the tested material, the hardness tests were performed on the stretched specimen which was subsequently heat treated. The tests revealed that, after heat treatment, the measured hardness was reduced with an increasing degree of the plastic deformation present prior to heat treatment.
Źródło:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2016, 8; 92-96
2081-7738
2300-7591
Pojawia się w:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of the Parameters of Robotic TIG Welding on the Microstructure of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Welded Joint
Autorzy:
Nalborczyk-Kazanecka, Agnieszka
Mrowka-Nowotnik, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
welding
17-4PH stainless steel
precipitation hardening
heat treatment
Opis:
17-4PH stainless steel finds application in the aerospace industry owing to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In the literature, this steel is described as good for welding, but research shows that it may be problematic due to the formation of defects. In this study, the welded joints were made by the robotic TIG welding method with various welding speeds (2 and 3 mm/s). The joints were subjected to non-destructive testing and were free from defects. The microstructure was observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the microstructure of the heat affected zone were observed and discussed. Based on the observation of the microstructure and the change in the hardness profile, the heat affected zone was divided into 4 characteristic regions. δ-ferrite and NbC were observed in the martensite matrix. The welded joints were subjected to heat treatment consisting of solution and aging in 550°C for 4 h. The microstructure of the heat affected zone become homogenized as a result of the heat treatment. The content of stable austenite in the welded joint after the heat treatment was about 3%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 339--344
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza skutków ścierno-mechanicznych procesów tribologicznych w warunkach modelowych
Analysis of abrasive-mechanical effects of tribological processes in modelled conditions
Autorzy:
Nadolny, K.
Selech, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/336481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:
obróbka cieplna
obróbka cieplno-chemiczna
zużywanie
węzeł tarcia
heat treatment
thermochemical treatment
wear
Opis:
W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań zużywania modelowych elementów węzłów tarcia. Na drodze obróbek cieplnych i cieplno-chemicznych zmodyfikowano stan warstwy wierzchniej próbek otrzymując inne charakterystyczne dla każdej z obróbek własności warstwy wierzchniej. Następnie otrzymane próbki poddano zużyciowym testom ścierno-korozyjnym.
The article presents results of wear tests of modelled elements in friction nodes. Using heat and thermochemical treatment, the condition of surface layers in samples has been modified, and alternative properties of surface layer, characteristic for different treatments, have been arrived at. Then, the samples were put to abrasive and corrosive tests.
Źródło:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2007, 52, 1; 47-55
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Design of Cast Technological Equipment for Heat Treatment Furnaces
Autorzy:
Drotlew, A.
Piekarski, B.
Słowik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative foundry materials
innovative foundry technologies
heat treatment plant
heat treatment furnaces
materiały innowacyjne
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
piec do obróbki cieplnej
urządzenia do obróbki cieplnej
Opis:
Various examples of the design of cast elements of the equipment used in furnaces for the heat treatment of machine parts are given. Shortcomings in their performance are indicated. Reasons for required stability of equipment are briefly discussed. Elements of equipment illustrate the possibilities of using a charge-carrying pallet with dimensions of 900×600×45 mm as a basis for multi-component technological equipment. Introducing additional elements, such as metal baskets, intermediate pallets or crossbars to the main pallet, it becomes possible to create different configurations of this equipment. The technological equipment presented and discussed here is offered to different plants which heat-treat a wide variety of produced parts. It was found that the reliability and durability of new designed equipment can be checked only during practical use. For large plants dealing with the heat treatment of bulk quantities of parts homogeneous or similar in shape is recommended to use the dedicated tooling.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 31-36
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measuring and analysis colour of birch wood in digital picture
Autorzy:
Hrčková, Mária
Koleda, Pavol
Koleda, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
birch wood
heat treatment
CIE L*a*b*
wood colour
photography
Opis:
The aim of the research was to verify a new method of measuring the colour of wood. The method was designed to automate wood colour measurement. In the experiments birch wood was used, which was heat treated with saturated water steam. Nikon D3200 camera was used in conjunction with the MATLAB program to implement the method. The assessments were conducted in the colour space of CIE L* a* b*. The measured values confirmed the decrease in lightness from natural to thermally modified wood. The trends of the colour values a* and b* were the same as those reported by the authors who conducted experiments with birch wood. Differences were found in the magnitude of the measured chromatic component a* values. It will be necessary to verify the above facts and determine the reasons for these differences by measuring the colour of other wood species.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2020, 3 (28); 162-167
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza zużycia stalowych pierścieni współpracujących z żeliwem sferoidalnym poddanym laserowej obróbce cieplnej
A wear analysis of steel rings workings with nodular iron after laser heat treatment
Autorzy:
Paczkowska, M.
Wojciechowski, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/189765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
zużycie przeciwpróbek
laserowa obróbka cieplna
counter-samples wear
laser heat treatment
Opis:
Celem prezentowanych badań była ocena zużywania przez tarcie stalowych pierścieni współpracujących z żeliwem sferoidalnym poddanym laserowej obróbce cieplnej (LOC). Badania zużycia przez tarcie wykonane zostały na zmodernizowanej maszynie tarciowej Amsler A 135. Próbkę w zestawie pary ciernej stanowił pierścień z zahartowanej objętościowo średniowęglowej stali C45. Przeciwpróbką był prostopadłościan z żeliwa sferoidalnego EN-GJS-500-7 w stanie wyjściowym, zahartowany objętościowo i obrobiony laserowo w celu umocnienia jego warstwy wierzchniej na trzy różne sposoby: hartowanie ze stanu stałego, przetapianie oraz borowanie. Na podstawie wykonanych badań stwierdzono, że LOC mikrostruktury warstwy wierzchniej polegająca na przetopieniu i przynajmniej 4-krotnym zwiększeniu mikrotwardości warstwy wierzchniej (w porównaniu z materiałem rodzimym) przeciwpróbek z żeliwa sferoidalnego spowodowała nawet 3-krotne zmniejszenie ubytku masy współpracujących z nimi pierścieni (w porównaniu z pierścieniami współpracującymi z żeliwem nieobrobionym). W przypadku zastosowania żeliwnych przeciwpróbek po laserowej obróbce polegającej na zahartowaniu warstwy wierzchniej jedynie ze stanu stałego i uzyskaniu mikrotwardości ok. 3-krotnie większej w porównaniu z materiałem rodzimym ubytek masy pierścieni okazał się podobny lub większy od ubytku tych pierścieni, które współpracowały z żeliwem nieobrobionym.
The aim of the presented research was the evaluation of the wear of steel rings working with nodular iron after laser heat treatment (LHT). The wear tests were performed using a modernized friction wear tester Amsler A 135. The sample in the friction couple was thoroughly hardened C45 steel. The counter-sample was a cuboid made of EN-GJS-500-7 nodular iron without any treatment, after thoroughly hardening and after laser treatment in three different ways (to generate a hard surface layer). The three laser treatments were hardening from a solid state, remelting, and boronizing. The research indicated that the laser remelting of the counter-samples’ surface layer causing an increase in hardness (at least 4-times in comparison to the core material) resulted in decreasing the mass loss of the steel rings. This decrease was at least 3-times higher in comparison to steel rings working with counter-samples without any treatment. The mass loss of steel rings working with counter-samples after laser hardening from the solid state (resulting in 300% hardness increase of the surface layer) was similar or higher than the mass loss of rings working with counter-samples without any treatment.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2015, 5; 99-107
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of toughening combined with microjet cooling during quenching (solution heat treatment) of calcium carbide-modified CuAl10Fe4Ni4 alloy on its mechanical properties
Autorzy:
Górny, Z.
Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
Saja, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cast aluminum bronzes
heat treatment
odlew aluminiowy
brąz aluminiowy
obróbka cieplna
Opis:
The work presents the results of the experimental research concerning the impact of a heat treatment (toughening) of aluminum bronze CuAl10Fe4Ni4 on its mechanical properties. The conditions of the experiments and selected results are described. A detailed description of the effects of individual heat treatment conditions namely low and high temperature aging is also presented in the work.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1; 29-32
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Non-Equiatomic High Entropy Alloy FeMnCoCr Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
Autorzy:
Seo, Namhyuk
Jeon, Junhyub
Choi, Seunggyu
Moon, Young Hoon
Shon, In-Jin
Lee, Seok-Jae
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-equiatomic high entropy alloys
phase stability
heat treatment
microstructural characteristics
Opis:
In this study, a non-equiatomic high entropy alloy was fabricated using the spark plasma sintering method, and its microstructural features and mechanical properties were investigated. The chemical composition of FeMnCoCr was determined by using the entropy calculation related to the design of high entropy alloys. A bulk sample with the same composition was also prepared using the conventional metallurgical processes of casting and hot rolling. The microstructures of the samples fabricated by these different processes were compared by microscope observation, and a quantitative phase analysis was carried out using FE-SEM. Hardness measurement was used to evaluate mechanical properties. Particular attention was paid to microstructural changes due to heat treatment, which was analyzed by considering how austenite stability is affected by grain refinement.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 3; 1005-1009
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on the Mechanical Properties of C45 Steel with Martensitic Structure after a High Tempering Process
Autorzy:
Woźniak, Waldemar
Sąsiadek, Michał
Jachowicz, Tomasz
Edl, Milan
Zając, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
steel
heat treatment
quenching
tempering
steel structure
martensite structure
martensitic structure
Opis:
This article describes the studies of the mechanical properties of the martensitic structure of C45 steel, obtained as a result of heat treatment. This steel was subjected to high tempering, within the temperature range of 500 ÷ 700°C (every 50°C) and for various exposure times, from 15 minutes to 23 hours. Moreover, martensitic steel was subjected to tests by quenching at a temperature of 850°C for 20 minutes and then tempering it for 1 hour, within the temperature range of 50 ÷ 800°C (every 50°C). The resulting steel samples were subjected to strength tests, that is, to tensile and hardness tests and also to tests on the micro-structure. The results of these studies are presented and discussed, in detail, in terms of their practical application.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2022, 16, 3; 306--315
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis and prediction of leak detection in the low-pressure heat treatment of metal equipment
Autorzy:
Kłos, Sławomir
Patalas-Maliszewska, Justyna
Bazel, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
vacuum heat treatment
vacuum furnace leaks
predictive maintenance
artificial neural networks
Opis:
The low-pressure heat treatment of metals enables the continuous improvement of the mechanical and plastic properties of products, such as hardness, abrasion resistance, etc. A significant problem related to the operation of vacuum furnaces for heat treatment is that they become unsealed during operation, resulting from the degradation of seals or the thermal expansion of the construction materials. Therefore, research was undertaken to develop a prediction model for detecting leaks in vacuum furnaces, the use of which will reduce the risk of degradation in the charge being processed. Unique experimental studies were carried out to detect leakages in a vacuum pit furnace, simulated using the ENV 116 reference slot. As a consequence, a prediction model for the detection of leaks in vacuum furnaces- which are used in the heat treatment of metals- was designed, using an artificial neural network. (93% for MLP 15-10-1) was developed. The model was implemented in a predictive maintenance system, in a real production company, as an element in the monitoring of the operation of vacuum furnaces.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2022, 24, 4; 719--727
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próba ilościowego opisu wpływu parametrów obróbki cieplnej na udarność stali narzędziowej 102Cr6
Attempt at quantitative description of the influence heat treatment parameters have on impact strength of 102Cr6 tool steel
Autorzy:
Poprzeczka, A.
Lisica, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/310017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
stal narzędziowa
obróbka cieplna
udarność
tool steel
heat treatment
impact strength
Opis:
Parametry obróbki cieplnej stali narzędziowej w istotny sposób wpływają na jej strukturę, która z kolei kształtuje właściwości mechaniczne i eksploatacyjne, takie jak np.: twardość, udarność i odporność na zużycie ścierne. Pomimo licznych opracowań na ten temat brak jest w literaturze fachowej ścisłych zależności pomiędzy parametrami obróbki cieplnej stali narzędziowej a jej odpowiednimi właściwościami. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono próbę zbadania ilościowego wpływu parametrów obróbki cieplnej na udarność stali 102Cr6 stosowanej na narzędzia do pracy na zimno. Do badań i opracowania wyników zastosowano pełnoczynnikową macierz planowania doświadczeń 23i program komputerowy Statistica.
Heat treatment parameters of the tool steel significantly affect its structure which in turn shapes such mechanical and operating properties as: hardness, impact strength and wear resistance. In spite of numerous studies in this subject, specialist literature does refer to close dependencies between heat treatment parameters of tool steel and its adequate properties. This paper presents an attempt at quantitative analysis of the influence heat treatment parameters have on the impact strength of 102Cr6 steel used on cold work tools. The analysis and result handling were performed with the use of the 23 full-factor experiment design matrix and Statistica software.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2013, 14, 3; 89-96
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of TiN nanoparticles on the microstructure and hardness of arc overlaid welding layers
Autorzy:
Kondov, H.
Tashev, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391391.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
arc overlay welding
nanomodifiers
nanosized TiN
nanopowders
heat treatment
Vickers hardness
Opis:
Electrodes for manual arc overlay welding with coating containing nanomodifier TiN in concentrations between 0.2% and 1.5% were developed and manufactured. Samples of welded overlay layers with electrodes were both examined by electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Some samples were subjected to heat treatment consisting of annealing and subsequent hardening in water and oil. The Vickers hardness HV15/15 of the samples in the prepared state, and both after annealing and hardening were measured. It was found that growth of the hardness of nanomodified layers were up to 180 percent compared to the reference sample.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2017, 57, 4; 309-314
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of welding on the hardness and weldability of thermally hardened S620Q steel sheets
Autorzy:
Cicholska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
low-alloyed quality steels
heat treatment of S620Q steel
Opis:
The thermally hardened 12 mm sheets of S620Q steel underwent research. The sheets weldability was examined during semi-automatic welding by MAG method, at the welding conditions usually applied in industry for welding normalized sheets of this steel. The technology of welding was presented. The achievement of metallically continuous joints was confirmed by X-ray examination. For the purpose of usefulness assessment, samples were taken from test joints then the joints hardness distribution measurements were performed. The microstructure was examined and the static tensile tests as well as technological bend tests were carried out. Hardness measurements were performed in three measurement lines for each joint according to PN-EN 1043-1:2000 requirements. Joints microstructures were examined in the joints axis, in SWC and in native materials. Steel microstructures were classified as low carbon tempered martensite of layered construction. Mean values of the selected joints strengths were also presented. The tensile tests values of native materials of metallurgic certificates were given for the sake of comparison. The research results presented in the paper made it possible to determine the weldability of S620Q steel.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 127-130
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of heat treatment parameters for heavily - loaded aircraft engine components
Autorzy:
Rokicki, P.
Dychtoń, K.
Nowotnik, A.
Drajewicz, M.
Sieniawski, J.
Kurkowski, D.
Wierzbińska, M
Jakubowicz, G.
Budzik, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aircraft engine components
vacuum carburizing
heat treatment
quenching
alloy steel microstructure
Opis:
Gears, due to their complex shape, carried load and required accuracy are ones of most complex aircraft engine parts. Single tooth damage usually breaks the power transmission and causes failure of the entire gear system. Adequate sustainability and guarantees of transmission is therefore a condition for secure operation of whole device. Particularly high requirements for reliability are put to transmissions used in the aerospace industry. Due to the loads which are transmitted through the gears, the materials used by the manufacturer must have not only high strength but also show the abrasion resistance of the surface layer and the ductility of the core. Proper parameters matching allows to create an element that can operate at higher stresses and loads. In addition, factor strength and abrasion resistance of the surface layer has a significant impact on the life of the gear. Thermo-chemical treatment of industrial gears is a fundamental process, which gives them adequate mechanical properties regarding loads they carry and the surface conditions of work. Among many methods of thermo-chemical treatment used in the industry, the most distinctive are innovative technologies designed to reduce process costs and being more environmentally friendly. The most promising methods in the discussed field are vacuum carburizing and high-pressure hardening, which by their specification of work significantly reduce the emission of CO2 and the duration of the process, without reducing the quality of the final product. The main aim of the paper is to present criteria for selection of heat treatment parameters as a part of thermo-chemical treatment process performed using vacuum methods. Proper heat treatment parameters are crucial in programming of some of final material characteristics as grain size and retained austenite morphology.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 349-354
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ductile Cast Iron Microstructure Adjustment by Means of Heat Treatment
Autorzy:
Mróz, M.
Orłowicz, A. W.
Tupaj, M.
Kupiec, B.
Kawiński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ductile cast iron
heat treatment
microstructure
żeliwo sferoidalne
obróbka cieplna
mikrostruktura
Opis:
The study presented in this paper concerned the possibility to apply a heat treatment process to ductile cast-iron thin-walled castings in order to remove excessive quantities of pearlite and eutectic cementite precipitates and thus meet the customer’s requirements. After determining the rates of heating a casting up to and cooling down from 900°C feasible in the used production heat treatment furnace (vh = 300°C/h and vc = 200°C/h, respectively), dilatometric tests were carried out to evaluate temperatures Tgr, TAc1start, TAc1end, TAr1start, and TAr1end. The newly acquired knowledge was the base on which conditions for a single-step ferritizing heat treatment securing disintegration of pearlite were developed as well as those of a two-step ferritization process guaranteeing complete disintegration of cementite and arriving at the required ferrite and pearlite content. A purely ferritic matrix and hardness of 119 HB was secured by the treatment scheme: 920°C for 2 hours / vc = 60°C/h / 720°C for 4 hours. A matrix containing 20–45% of pearlite and hardness of 180–182 HB was obtained by applying: 920°C for 2 hours or 4 hours / vc = 200°C/h to 650°C / ambient air.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 3; 37-40
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próba ilościowego opisu wpływu parametrów obróbki cieplnej na twardość stali narzędziowej 102Cr6
Attempt at quantitative description of the influence heat treatment parameters have on hardness of 102Cr6 tool steel
Autorzy:
Poprzeczka, A.
Lisica, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/252306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
obróbka cieplna
stal
102Cr6
twardość
heat treatment
steel
hardness
Opis:
Parametry obróbki cieplnej stali narzędziowej w istotny sposób wpływają na jej strukturę, która z kolei kształtuje właściwości mechaniczne i eksploatacyjne, takie jak np.: twardość, udarność i odporność na zużycie ścierne. Pomimo licznych opracowań na ten temat brak jest w literaturze fachowej ścisłych zależności pomiędzy parametrami obróbki cieplnej stali narzędziowej a jej odpowiednimi właściwościami. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono próbę zbadania ilościowego wpływu parametrów obróbki cieplnej na twardość stali 102Cr6 stosowanej na narzędzia do pracy na zimno. Do badań i opracowania wyników zastosowano pełnoczynnikową macierz planowania doświadczeń 23 i program komputerowy Statistica.
Heat treatment parameters of the tool steel significantly affect its structure which in turn shapes such mechanical and operating properties as: hardness, impact strength and wear resistance. In spite of numerous studies in this subject, specialist literature does refer to close dependencies between heat treatment parameters of tool steel and its adequate properties. This paper presents an attempt at quantitative analysis of the influence heat treatment parameters have on the hardness of 102Cr6 steel used on cold work tools. The analysis and result handling were performed with the use of the 23 full-factor experiment design matrix and Statistica software.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2012, 9; 437-443, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of the Precipitation Hardening to Improve the Properties of Combustion Engine Pistons Made of Eutectic Silumins
Autorzy:
Trepczyńska-Łent, Małgorzata
Műller, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
silumins
precipitation hardening
heat treatment
hardness
siluminy
utwardzanie
obróbka cieplna
twardość
Opis:
The study presents methods to be used for improving the performance parameters of car engine pistons made of EN AC-AlSi12CuNiMg alloy according to the PN-EN 1706: 2011. Pistons of slow sucking and turbocharged engines were researched. A solution heat and ageing treatments were applied according to four variants. Temperatures of the solution heat treatment were: 550 ±5°C; 510°C ±5°C; and alternate: 276 ±5°C/510 ±5°C. The solution time ranged from 6 min to 4 h. Temperatures of the ageing heat treatment were 20°C and 250°C, while the ageing time ranged from 1,5 to 3h. Natural ageing was performed in 5 days. Measurements of hardness HRB and the piston diameters were performed. An improvement in the performance parameters of combustion engines was observed. Three solution heat treatment and ageing variants, allowed to obtain the pistons with hardness equal/higher than pistons of the turbocharged engines. The test results confirmed the possibility of providing a piston with properties exceeding the high load parameters specified by the manufacturer. Further studies will make it possible to improve the effects of the proposed solutions.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 77-81
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Wear Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
Autorzy:
Park, Tae-Hyun
Baek, Min-Seok
Sohn, Yongho
Lee, Kee-Ahn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
selective laser melting
SLM
AlSi10Mg
heat treatment
microstructure
wear
Opis:
Microstructure and wear property of AlSi10Mg alloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) were investigated. Also, the effect of post heat treatment on the mechanical and wear properties was examined. Two kinds of heat treatments (direct aging (DA) and T6) were separately conducted to SLM AlSi10Mg alloy. As-built alloy had a cellular structure formed inside the moltenpool. Eutectic Si was also observed at the cellular boundary in as-built alloy. After DA heat treatment, the cellular structure still remained, and a large amount of nano-size Si particles were newly formed inside the cell structure. Both molten pool and cellular structure disappeared, and the size of Si increased in T6 alloy. The values of Vickers hardness measured as 139.4 HV (DA alloy), 128.0 HV (As-built alloy) and 85.1 HV (T6 alloy), respectively. However, concerning to wear property, T6 alloy showed better wear resistance than other alloys. The correlation between microstructure and wear mechanism of SLM AlSi10Mg alloy was also discussed.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 3; 1073-1080
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crystallographic Texture and Grain Refinement in the CuCr Alloy Deformed by SPD Method
Autorzy:
Urbańczyk-Gucwa, A.
Brzezińska, A.
Adamczyk-Cieślak, B.
Rodak, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
severe plastic deformation
heat treatment
microstructure
texture
CuCr0.6 alloy
Opis:
Microstructure and texture of the CuCr0.6 alloy processed by rolling with cyclic movement of rolls (RCMR) at room temperature were investigated. The RCMR processing was applied for the samples in different initial conditions in the solid solution followed by quenching into iced water at 1000°C for 3 h and in aging treatment conditions performed at 500°C for 2 h and at 700°C for 24 h. Application of the solution and aging processes prior to RCMR deformation results in the partial dissolution of Cr particles into the Cu matrix and precipitation of the second phase particles. RCMR processing with value of the total effective strain (εft) of 5 was introduced to the material. It was found that the RCMR method is effective in texture weakening. The obtained results revealed that there is a large similarity in texture orientations after RCMR processing independently of heat treatment conditions. Cyclic character of deformation leads to an incomplete transition of LAB to HAB.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1563-1568
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure Development of Spark Plasma Sintered Ti-Nb Alloy by Heat Treatment
Autorzy:
Haq, M. A.
Abbas, S. F.
Eom, N. S. A.
Kim, T. S.
Lee, B.
Park, K.-T.
Kim, B. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
TiNb alloy
Spark plasma sintering
Heat treatment
Microstructure
β-phase titanium
Opis:
The β-phase Titanium (β-Ti) alloys have been under the spotlight in the recent past for their use as biomedical prosthetic materials owing to their excellent properties such as low elastic modulus, high corrosion resistance and tensile strength. Recently, Niobium (Nb) has gained a lot of attention as a β-phase stabilizing element in Ti alloys to replace Vanadium (V) due to its excellent solubility in Ti, low elastic modulus and biocompatibility. In this work, low cost Ti-20Nb binary alloy has been fabricated via powder metallurgy procedures. The blended powder mixtures of Ti and Nb were sintered at 900°C for 20 mins by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) with an applied uniaxial pressure of 40 MPa. The heating rate was fixed at 50°C/min. The sintered alloy was subject to heat treatments at 1200°C in vacuum condition for various time durations. The characterizations of microstructure obtained during this process were done using FE-SEM, EDS and XRD. By increasing heat treatment time, as understood, the volume of residual Nb particles was decreased resulting in accelerated diffusion of Nb into Ti. Micro hardness of the alloy increased from 340 to 355 HV with the increase in β phase content from 30 to 45%. The resultant alloys had relatively high densities and homogenized microstructures of dispersed lamellar β grains in α matrix.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1429-1432
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Relative Thickness Reduction and Heat Treatment on AMS 5596 Sheet Mechanical Properties After Flow Forming
Autorzy:
Kut, S.
Maj, P.
Mrugała, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metal spinning
AMS 5596 sheet
flow forming
heat treatment
yield strength
Opis:
In the paper the results of experimental research of the process of flow forming of cylindrical drawpieces were presented. The drawpieces were made of the 3.1 mm thick AMS 5596 sheet by drawing process. Tests were performed on two-roller metal spinning machine of a vertical axis Leifeld SFC 800 V500.The main purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between relative thickness reduction and the mechanical properties of tested material. Knowledge of these dependencies is especially useful in designing machines’ components manufactured by flow forming, in the selection of parameters of realization of this technological process as well. Mechanical properties were determined on the basis of uniaxial tensile of the micro samples obtained from the drawpieces: (I) after cold flow forming, (II) after cold flow forming and in-process heat treatment. Obtained results were shown graphically in the diagrams and their analysis was carried out. In addition, the microstructure of the sheet material tested after drawing and flow forming is presented.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 1087-1094
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of the heat treatment on the crosslinking of epoxy resin for aviation applications
Wpływ wygrzewania na sieciowanie żywicy epoksydowej przeznaczonej do zastosowań w lotnictwie
Autorzy:
Mucha, Mateusz
Sterzyński, Tomasz
Krzyżak, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
Tematy:
epoxy resin
heat treatment
crosslinking
aviation
żywica epoksydowa
wygrzewanie
sieciowanie
lotnictwo
Opis:
We have investigated the MGS L285 epoxy laminating resin system, used in aviation applications. A number of tests were carried out, namely Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing, three-point bending flexural testing, Charpy impact testing, Shore D hardness, density measurements and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Moreover, the tensile toughness UTT, the brittleness B and the linear isobaric thermal expansivity αL were calculated. The samples were subjected to heat treatment in the temperatures of 50, 60 and 80°C for 15 hours or were stored in room temperature. Glass transition temperature, hardness, density as well as other properties were observed to rise along with the increasing heat treatment temperature, suggesting the validity of applications of Voronoi-Delaunay structural analysis to polymer science. On the other hand, properties such as brittleness, toughness and impact strength exhibited a non-linear course of changes as a function of the heating temperature.
Badano laminującą żywicę epoksydową MGS L285 przeznaczoną do zastosowań w lotnictwie. Przeprowadzono dynamiczną analizę mechaniczną (DMA), skaningową kalorymetrię różnicową (DSC), statyczną próbę rozciągania, zginanie trójpunktowe, badanie młotem Charpy’ego, pomiary twardości metodą Shore’a D, pomiary gęstości, zarejestrowano także widma metodą skaningowej spektroskopii transformatorowej Fouriera (FT-IR). Obliczono wartości wiązkości UTT, kruchości B i izobarycznej rozszerzalności termicznej αL. Próbki wygrzewano w temperaturze 50, 60 lub 80 stopni Celsjusza przez 15 h lub przechowywano w temperaturze pokojowej. W odniesieniu do dużej części badanych właściwości zaobserwowano ich poprawę wraz z rosnącą temperaturą wygrzewania. Korelacja temperatury zeszklenia, twardości i gęstości polimerów wskazuje na słuszność zastosowania w badaniu wolnych objętości analizy strukturalnej opartej na triangulacji Delone i diagramach Woronoja. W wypadku właściwości, takich jak: kruchość, wiązkość i udarność stwierdzono nieliniowy przebieg zmian w funkcji temperatury wygrzewania.
Źródło:
Polimery; 2020, 65, 11-12; 776-783
0032-2725
Pojawia się w:
Polimery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ stanu strukturalnego na skutki obróbki laserowej stali o różnym składzie chemicznym. Cz. 1, Stale węglowe
Influence of structural state on the effects of laser treatment of steel with different chemical compositions. P. 1, Carbon steels
Autorzy:
Berkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/211574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
stal węglowa
obróbka laserowa
obróbka cieplna
mikrostruktura
carbon steel
laser treatment
heat treatment
microstructure
Opis:
Obróbka laserowa, zwłaszcza hartowanie laserowe, wykorzystuje dużą energię promieniowania laserowego do grzania niewielkich powierzchni obrabianego materiału oraz jego przewodność cieplną, celem uzyskania szybkiego ochłodzenia podgrzanego obszaru. Specyficzne warunki i efekty stosowania obróbki sprawiają, że technologia stała się w wielu przypadkach bardzo atrakcyjna. W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę oceny wpływu stanu strukturalnego stali, związanego ze składem chemicznym, na skutki obróbki laserowej. W pierwszej części oceniono stale węglowe w różnej zawartości węgla i obrabianych w miarę ustalonych warunkach; badania przeprowadzono na jednym urządzeniu (laser technologiczny CO2 firmy TRUMPF), przy zmieniającej się prędkości przesuwania się wiązki światła lasera – 16, 24, 32 i 64 mm/s. Metodą pomiaru twardości HV0,1 wyznaczono parametry warstwy (głębokość i szerokość na głębokości 0,3 mm), przeprowadzono obserwację struktury stali E04j, 15, 35, 45, 55, N7E i N8E z pomocą mikroskopu świetlnego. Spodziewano się określić wpływ zawartości węgla w stali oraz wpływ intensywności grzania wiązką światła lasera na strukturę i właściwości warstwy zahartowanej z przetopieniem stali węglowej, także po tradycyjnym odpuszczaniu. Badania wykazały, że wzrost zawartości węgla w stalach węglowych w przedziale 0,04–0,70% C (stale E04J, 15, 35, 55 i N7E) powoduje wzrost twardości po hartowaniu laserowym – odpowiednio – od 314 HV0,1 do 1054 HV0,1 (po odpuszczaniu twardość została proporcjonalnie obniżona), lecz nie wpływa istotnie na tzw. parametry warstwy (głębokość i szerokość na głębokości 0,03 mm). Wpływa natomiast na jej kształt: stosunek głębokości do szerokości warstwy, który dla stali E04J, 45 i N8E wynosił odpowiednio – 1,16; 0,97 i 0,69. Zawartość węgla wpłynęła również na charakter nieciągłości, w strefie zahartowanej po przetopieniu; w stalach o mniejszej zawartości C pojawiły się pęcherze, o większej – szczeliny. Badania wykazały ponadto, że zwiększenie prędkości przemieszczania się wiązki światła lasera powoduje zmniejszenie głębokości zahartowanej warstwy.
Laser treatment, particularly laser hardening, utilizes the high energy of laser radiation to heat small surfaces of the treated material as well as the material’s thermal conductivity in order to achieve rapid cooling of the heated area. Specific conditions and effects of applying such treatment have made this technology attractive in many cases. This paper undertakes to assess the influence of the structural state of steel related to chemical composition on the effects of laser treatment. The first part contains an assessment of carbon steel with varying carbon content, treated under relatively stable conditions; tests were performed on one machine (technological CO2 laser from TRUMPF), at a changing laser beam travel speed – 16, 24, 32 and 64 mm/s. The method of HV0.1 hardness measurement was used to determine the layer’s parameters (depth and width at 0.3 mm depth), and observations of the structure of E04J, 15, 35, 45, 55, N7E and N8E steels were conducted under a light microscope. It was expected to determine the influence of carbon content in steel and the influence of laser beam heating intensity on the structure and properties of the layer hardened with melting of carbon steel, including after traditional tempering. Tests showed that increasing carbon content in carbon steels within the range of 0.04–0.70% C (E04J, 15, 35, 55 and N7E steels) increases hardness after laser hardening – respectively – by 314 HV0.1 to 1054 HV0.1 (after tempering, hardness was reduced proportionally), however it does not have a significant impact on the so-called layer parameters (depth and width at 0.03 mm depth). It does, however, affect its shape; the layer’s depth to width ratio was, respectively for E04J, 45 and N8E steels – 1.16; 0.97 and 0.69. Carbon content also affected the nature of discontinuities in the hardened zone after melting; bubbles appeared in steels with lower C content, and crevices in steels with higher C content. Tests also revealed that increasing laser beam travel speed reduces the depth of the hardened layer.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2018, 29, 2; 127-138
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na strukturę i właściwości brązu aluminiowo-niklowego
Effect of heat treatment on structure and properties of aluminium-nickel bronze
Autorzy:
Gazda, A.
Górny, Z.
Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
Saja, K.
Warmuzek, M.
Wodnicki, J.
Żuczek, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
brąz
obróbka cieplna
właściwości mechaniczne
struktura
bronze
heat treatment
mechanical properties
structure
Opis:
Badano wpływ obróbki cieplnej na strukturę i właściwości mechaniczne stopu B1044 (CuAl10Fe4Ni4). Zawartość aluminium, żelaza i niklu powoduje występowanie struktury stopu badanego w układzie granicznym między obszarami α + α[sub]2 + β' oraz β' + β[sub]1' + α[sub]2 i obecnością fazy γ[sub]2 z przemiany eutektoidalnej, co odbija się na właściwościach mechanicznych. Stosowano przed hartowaniem nagrzewanie (przesycanie) przez 2 h w 950°C i wariantowe chłodzenie: w wodzie, oleju i na powietrzu. Ponadto część próbek hartowanych starzono w temperaturze 500 lub 700°C przez 6 h z wariantowym chłodzeniem z piecem i na powietrzu. Uzyskano interesujące właściwości mechaniczne, tak wytrzymałościowe (R[sub]m, R[sub]0,2) jak i plastyczne (A, Z). W badaniach w stanie stałym posłużono się dylatometrem i kalorymetrem różnicowym.
The effect of heat treatment on structure and mechanical properties of B1044 (CuAl10Fe4Ni4) alloy was investigated. In the examined alloy, the content of aluminium, iron and nickel results in the formation of structure comprised in a boundary system between the regions of α + α[sub]2 + β' and β' + β[sub]1' + α[sub]2 with the presence of γ[sub]2 phase formed due to eutectoid transfomation, affecting the level of mechanical properties. Before quenching, the specimens were preheated (solutioning heat treatment) for 2 h at 950°C, and different variants of cooling in water, oil and air were applied next. Some quenched specimens were also subjected to ageing from 500 or 700°C after 6 h heating and cooling with furnace and in the air. Very interesting results were obtained regarding both mechanical (R[sub]m, R[sub]0,2) and plastic (A, Z) properties. Tests in the solid state were carried out using a dilatometer and differential calorimeter.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2009, 49, 2; 19-42
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of hydroxyapatite-titanium composite properties during heat treatment
Autorzy:
Mamaeva, A.
Kenzhegulov, A.
Kowalewski, P.
Wieleba, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
hydroksyapatyt
HA
obróbka cieplna
kompozyty
hydroxyapatite
titanium
magnetron sputtering
heat treatment
composite
Opis:
A biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HA) coating with a thickness of about 18–20 microns was successfully deposited by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on titanium substrates VT1-0. The data obtained for the optimal composition and structure of hydroxyapatite can be used to create coating which will interact with a titanium substrate. Using the methods of optical and SEM, AFM, electron microprobe, FTIR and X-ray analysis, surface morphology, phase and elemental composition, structure of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were studied. Structural and phase transformations after heat treatment using X-ray diffraction and microscopic methods of analysis were studied. It was found that after annealing coating phase analysis showed the presence of not only hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH), but also compounds of tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) and titanium oxide. Adhesivetribological durability, friction and deformation characteristics of hydroxyapatite coating on titanium substrate were determined. The obtained coatings had high hardness, wear resistance and adhesion to the substrate and low modulus of elasticity and coefficient of friction.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2017, 19, 4; 161-169
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ parametrów obróbki cieplnej selera na siłę cięcia
The impact of celery heat treatment parameters on cutting force
Autorzy:
Ślaska-Grzywna, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/290915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
obróbka cieplna
seler
ocena sensoryczna
cięcie
heat treatment
celery
sensory assessment
cutting
Opis:
W pracy analizowano wpływ parametrów obróbki cieplnej selera w piecu konwekcyjno- parowym na zmiany wielkości siły cięcia. Dokonano pomiaru wartości siły cięcia selera i ustalono jej zależność od czasu i ilości dodanej pary przy stałych temperaturach. Jednocześnie przeprowadzono ocenę sensoryczną próbek selera określając ich pożądalność z wykorzystaniem dziewięciopunktowej skali hedonicznej. Stwierdzono, że zastosowane parametry obróbki cieplnej mają wpływ na wielkość siły cięcia, przebieg tych zmian ma charakter malejący, co odzwierciedla ocena sensoryczna.
The analysis covered the influence of parameters of celery heat treatment in a convectionsteam oven on changes of cutting force. The research allowed to measure the value of celery cutting force and to determine its dependence on time and volume of added steam at constant temperature values. At the same time sensory assessment of celery samples was carried out to determine its desirability using nine-point hedonistic scale. It has been found that applied parameters of celery heat treatment affect the value of cutting force, and the trajectory of these changes is decreasing, which is reflected in sensory evaluation.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2008, R. 12, nr 6(104), 6(104); 175-180
1429-7264
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Rolnicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical Formulae for The Calculation of Austenite Supercooled Transformation Temperatures
Zależności empiryczne do obliczania temperatury przemian austenitu przechłodzonego
Autorzy:
Trzaska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354993.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CCT diagram
modeling
heat treatment
steel
diagram CCT
modelowanie
obróbka cieplna
stal
Opis:
The paper presents empirical formulae for the calculation of austenite supercooled transformation temperatures, basing on the chemical composition, austenitising temperature and cooling rate. The multiple regression method was used. Four equations were established allowing to calculate temperature of the start area of ferrite, perlite, bainite and martensite at the given cooling rate. The calculation results obtained do not allow to determine the cooling rate range of ferritic, pearlitic, bainitic and martensite transformations. Classifiers based on logistic regression or neural network were established to solve this problem.
W pracy przedstawiono zależności empiryczne do obliczania temperatury przemian austenitu przechłodzonego na podstawie składu chemicznego, temperatury austenityzowania i szybkości chłodzenia. Zastosowano metodę regresji wielorakiej. Opracowano cztery równania, które umożliwiają obliczenie temperatury początku przemiany ferrytycznej, perlitycznej, baini-tycznej i martenzytycznej. Wyniki obliczeń nie pozwalają na wyznaczenie zakresu szybkości chłodzenia, dla których występują przemiany ferrytyczna, perlityczna, bainityczna i martenzytyczna. Do rozwiązania problemu opracowano klasyfikatory stosując regresję logistyczną lub sztuczne sieci neuronowe.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 1; 181-185
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laboratory Heat Treatment of the Shell Material of the Centrifugally Cast Roll for the Last Finishing Stand of Hot Strip Mills
Autorzy:
Válek, T.
Kuboň, Z.
Kosňovská, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353062.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
centrifugally cast roll
high speed steel
indefinite iron
heat treatment
residual austenite
Opis:
The rolls for the hot rolling finishing stands are cast centrifugally as two or three-layer rolls. The working layer is called a shell. The material of the shell is selected according to the position of the respective roll in the final finishing stand of the rolling mill. Typically, a combination of rolls made of a high-chromium cast iron + indefinite cast iron or high-speed steel + indefinite cast iron is commonly used. Great attention has been paid to indefinite cast iron in recent years and this material received a number of modifications that led to the increase of material properties up to 20% in comparison to the ordinary indefinite cast iron. But the goals of the new generation of material for hot rollers were chosen higher: increasing of production about 30% and more. This material has specific physical properties, heat treatment requirements as well as rolling mill requirements as is stated in the paper. It is expected that introduction of this material will reduce the difference between wear of the front and finishing stands, which can extend rolling campaigns and have a positive effect on the reduction rolls exchanges, the grinding of the rolls and the reduction of downtime.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1859-1863
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effects of heat treatment on the electrochemical properties and corrosion of aluminium alloy AA8011 in an aqueous acid media
Autorzy:
Kelechukwu, B. O.
Israel, O. O.
Emeka, E. O.
Ihebrodike, M. M.
Lebe, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Heat treatment
Electrochemical Measurement
Double layer capacitance
Mean defect size
Lattice distortion
Opis:
Effects of heat treatment and quenching regimen on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy AA8011 in 0.1M H2SO4 was studied by open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Three different specimens (untreated/ control, air -quenched oven- quenched) were investigated. Polarization results show that all the specimens underwent active dissolution, with no distinctive transition to passivation, heat treatment was observed to shift the corrosion potential towards low anodic values and decreased the rates of anodic partial reactions of the corrosion process. Electrochemical investigations reveal that heat treatment techniques have positive impacts on the alloy as indicated in increase in charge transfer resistance, polarization resistance and decrease in double layer capacitance. These positive effects are attributed to decrease in mean defect size and increase in lattice distortion of the crystallites in the heat treated specimens of the alloy. Studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphologies of control, air and oven quenched samples of AA8011 aluminium alloy indicate decrease in mean defect size of 18.97 % and 40.44 %; increase in the lattice distortion of 11.07 % and 20.04 % for air and oven quenched specimens respectively.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 5; 17-31
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation of Heat Treatment of Carburization and Nitrocementation of 16MnCr5 Steel
Autorzy:
Kantoríková, Elena
Fabian, P.
Sýkorová, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2126897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cementation
nitrocementation
heat treatment
simulation
carburizing
cementowanie
nitrocementacja
obróbka cieplna
symulacja
nawęglanie
Opis:
Simulation is used today in many contexts, such as simulating technology to tune or optimize performance, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and entertainment. In some industries, simulations are commonly used, but in heat treatment this is rather an exception. The paper compares the simulation of carburization and nitrocementation of 16MnCr5 steel with a practical application. The aim was to determine the applicability of chemical heat treatment simulation. We were looking for an answer to the question: to what extent can we rely on the technological design of heat treatment? The software designed the heat treatment technology. He drew the technological process of chemical-thermal treatment of 16MnCr5 steel. The thickness of the cementite layer was 1 mm and the nitrocementation 1.2 mm. Changes in mechanical properties were observed. Cementing, nitrocementing, hardness, microhardness, metallography, and spectral analysis were practically performed. This article describes the benefits of simulation, speed and accuracy of the process. The only difference was in determining the carbon potential. The simulation confirmed the practical use and its contribution in the technological process.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 97--102
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect Of The T6 Heat Treatment On Change Of Mechanical Properties Of The AlSi12CuNiMg Alloy Modified With Strontium
Wpływ obróbki cieplnej T6 na zmianę właściwości mechanicznych stopu AlSi12CuNiMg modyfikowanego strontem
Autorzy:
Pezda, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminum alloys
heat treatment
mechanical properties
stopy aluminium
obróbka cieplna
właściwości mechaniczne
Opis:
The paper presents test results concerning an effect of the heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic EN AC-AlSi12CuNiMg (EN AC-48000) alloy according to the EN 1706:2010 (tensile strength – Rm, hardness – HB 10/1000/30) modified with strontium. Solution heat treatment and ageing treatment temperature ranges were selected on base of heating (melting) curves recorded with use of the ATD method. Temperatures of the solution heat treatment were 500, 520, and 535°C ±5°C, while the solution time ranged from 0.5 to 3 h (0.5; 1.5 and 3 h). Temperature of the solution heat treatment amounted to 180, 235 and 310°C, while the ageing time ranged from 2 to 8 h (2, 5 and 8 h). Obtained results have enabled determination of optimal parameters of the T6 heat treatment in aspect of improvement of tensile strength Rm and hardness HB of the alloy, with reduced time of individual treatments and determination of mathematical relationships enabling prediction of these mechanical properties.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu obróbki cieplnej na właściwości mechaniczne (wytrzymałość na rozciąganie – Rm, twardość – HB 10/1000/30) i mikrostrukturę eutektycznego stopu EN AC-AlSi12CuNiMg (EN AC-48000) zgodnie z PN-EN 1706:2011 modyfikowanego strontem. Zakresy temperatur zabiegów przesycania i starzenia zostały dobrane w oparciu o krzywe nagrzewania (topienia) zarejestrowane metodą ATD. Temperatury przesycania wynosiły 500, 520 i 535°C ± 5°C, a czas przesycania mieścił się w zakresie od 0.5 do 3 godzin (0.5; 1.5 i 3 h). Temperatura starzenia wynosiła 180, 235 i 310°C. Czas przesycania mieścił się w zakresie od 2 do 8 godzin (2, 5 i 8 h). Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na określenie optymalnych parametrów obróbki cieplnej T6 w aspekcie poprawy wytrzymałości na rozciąganie Rm i twardości HB stopu, przy ograniczeniu czasu poszczególnych zabiegów oraz wyznaczenie zależności matematycznych umożliwiających predykcje tych właściwości mechanicznych.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 2A; 627-632
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of the content of corn stalk fibres and additional heat treatment on properties of eco-friendly fibreboards bonded with lignosulphonate
Autorzy:
Mihajlova, Julia
Savov, Viktor
Simeonov, Tsvetan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
dry-process fibreboards
eco-friendly
corn stalk fibres
lignosulphonate
additional heat treatment
Opis:
This study aims to find the possibility of producing eco-friendly thin Medium Density Fibrepanels (MDF) with the participation of corn stalk fibres and using lignosulphonate as a bio-based binder. The main novelty in the research is the establishment of the effect of additional heat treatment on the properties of MDF manufactured with the participation of non-wood lignocellulosic raw materials and bonded with bio-based adhesive – lignosulphonate. Panels with 15% lignosulphonate content and variation of the content of corn stalk fibres from 0% to 30% were manufactured. Previous experiments showed that when only lignosulfonate is used as a binder, the manufactured panels generally have low waterproofness. To reduce the effect of this main disadvantage, the panels were subjected additionally to heat treatment. The properties of the MDF with and without additional heat treatment were compared. The effect of both the content of corn stalk fibres and the additional heat treatment was found. As a whole, the additional heat treatment improves the properties of MDF produced with lignosulphonate. Still, in case of increased content of corn stalk fibres, it is necessary to apply softened regimes than the ones selected for this study.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2022, 65, 209; Art. no. 1644-3985.395.06
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-100 z 413

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