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Tytuł:
Badanie procesu tarciowej modyfikacji warstw wierzchnich z mieszaniem materiału na przykładzie stopu AK64
Investigation of Friction Stir Processing Process of AK64 aluminium alloy
Autorzy:
Węglowski, M. S.
Pietras, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/210939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
inżynieria
Friction Stir Processing
aluminium
engineering
friction stir processing
Opis:
Technologia tarciowej modyfikacji warstw wierzchnich z mieszaniem materiału (Friction Stir Processing - FSP) to nowa metoda wywodząca się z procesu zgrzewania Friction Stir Welding — FSW, która pierwotnie została opracowana dla stopów aluminium. Metoda FSP pozwala miejscowo modyfikować i kontrolować warstwy wierzchnie materiału. Proces ten powoduje intensywne odkształcenie plastyczne, mieszanie materiału i jego homogenizację w strefie mieszania. Technologia FSP z powodzeniem może być stosowana do rozdrabniania mikrostruktury, wytwarzania kompozytów oraz modyfikowania mikrostruktury materiałów. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań procesu FSP prowadzonego na odlewniczym stopie aluminium AK64. Badania obejmowały określenie wpływu warunków prowadzenia procesu na ciepło generowane w obszarze mieszania oraz wartość momentu działającego na narzędzie. Wyniki badań wykazały, że wzrost prędkości obrotowej narzędzia powoduje zmniejszenie momentu działającego na nie oraz zmniejszenie ilości ciepła generowanego w obszarze mieszania. Równocześnie wykazano, iż wzrost prędkości przesuwu narzędzia powoduje wzrost momentu oraz wzrost ilości generowanego ciepła. Z badań metalograficznych wynika, że głębokość oddziaływania narzędzia w dużym stopniu zależy od prędkości obrotowej narzędzia, a w mniejszym od prędkości jego przesuwu.
Friction Stir Processing (FSP), based on the general principles of friction stir welding (FSW) technology, is a solid state joining process originally developed for aluminium alloys. FSP is a technique which makes possible to obtain localized modification and control of microstructures in near - surface layers of processed materials. The FSP causes intense plastic deformation, material mixing, and thermal exposure, resulting in significant microstructural refinement, densification, and homogeneity of the processed zone. The FSP technique has been successfully used for producing the fine-grained structure and surface composite, modifying the microstructure of materials, and synthesizing the composite and intermetallic compound in situ. In the present paper, the results of FSP process for die casting aluminium alloy grade AK64 are presented. The investigations have covered the determination of the influence of conditions of FSP process on heat generation in the stir zone as well as the torque action on the tool. The results have revealed that the increase in rotational speed of a tool causes the decrease in torque and heat generation in the stir zone. Simultaneously, the results indicated that the increase in traveling speed of tool causes increase in torque and heat generation. The metallographic examination of modified surfaces has shown that penetration depth of shoulder depends, to a large extent, on the rotation speed and, to the smaller extent, on traveling speed.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2012, 61, 1; 171-182
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of possible shipbuilding application of friction stir welding application of friction stir welding (FSW) method to joining elements made of AlZn5Mg1 alloy
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Czechowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259115.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
aluminium alloys
friction stir welding
Opis:
In industrial practice the welding of Al- alloys is usually performed under pure argon shielding by means of MIG or TIG methods. In recent years new joining techniques such as friction stir welding (FSW) have appeared. Joints of EN AW-7020 T6 alloy elements welded by using FSW method have been tested. Results of static tensile tests, transverse bending tests as well as tests on stress corrosion susceptibility are presented. Parameters of friction welding (FSW) applied to joints of plates made of AlZn5Mg1[7020] alloy are given. Stress corrosion tests have been performed by using slow-strain-rate testing method (SSRT) in compliance with PN-EN ISO 7539-7 standard. The tests were conducted in air and 3.5% NaCl water solution. The following parameters have been measured during the tests: time to failure – T [h], maximum failure load – F [N], fracture energy (area under stress-elongation curve) – E [MJ/m3], relative elongation of specimen – A10 [%], maximum tensile stress – R [MPa], as well as percentage reduction of area – Z [%]. On the basis of the obtained test results it was concluded that the joints welded by means of FSW method show good resistance to stress corrosion at satsifactory strength properties, which indicates that application of friction welding by using FSW method in shipbuilding industry is purposeful.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2009, 4; 38-41
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) on the Microstructure and Properties of AM60 Magnesium Alloy
Autorzy:
Iwaszko, J.
Kudła, K.
Fila, K.
Strzelecka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
magnesium alloy
Opis:
The samples of the as-cast AM60 magnesium alloy were subjected to Friction Stir Processing (FSP). The effect of FSP on the microstructure of AM60 magnesium alloy was analyzed using optical microscopy and X-ray analysis. Besides, the investigation of selected properties, i.e. hardness and resistance to abrasion wear, were carried out. The carried out investigations showed that FSP leads to more homogeneous microstructure and significant grain refinement. The average grain size in the stirred zone (SZ) was about 6-9 μm. in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the elongated and deformed grains distributed along flow line were observed. The structural changes caused by FSP lead to an increase in microhardness and wear resistance of AM60 alloy in comparison to their non-treated equivalents. Preliminary results show that friction stir processing is a promising and an effective grain refinement technique.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 3; 1555-1560
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Wrought 2017A and Cast AlSi9Mg Aluminum Alloys
Autorzy:
Kopyściański, M.
Dymek, S.
Hamilton, C.
Węglowska, A.
Pietras, A.
Szczepanek, M.
Wojnarowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
aluminum alloys
microstructure
Opis:
Friction stir welding was applied to join dissimilar aluminum alloys: wrought 2017A and cast AlSi9Mg. The produced weldment was free from cracks and any discontinuities. The weld microstructure was composed of alternating bands of the welded alloys; however, the alloy that was placed on the advancing side (AlSi9Mg) dominated the weld center. The grain size within the particular bands was similar in both alloys. The hardness profile reflected the microstructure formed during welding. The weld microstructure as well as the shape of hardness profile across the weld were justified by numerical simulation of material flow during welding.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 131, 5; 1390-1393
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of Empirical Relationships for Prediction of Mechanical and Wear Behavior of Copper Matrix Surface Composite by Friction Stir Processing Technique
Autorzy:
Saravanakumar, S.
Gopalakrishnan, Saravanan
Kalaiselvan, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
microstructure
microhardness
wear
Opis:
In this investigation, Copper Matrix Surface Composites (CMSCs) were reinforced with various ceramic particles like Aluminum Nitrate (AlN), Titanium diboride (TiB2), and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) are used to increase the metallurgical and mechanical properties by Friction Stir Processing (FSP). The Design of the Experiment (DOE) Taguchi L9 orthogonal array method was used. The process parameters considered were groove width and various types of reinforcement particles. The fabrication of CMSCs was achieved by using optimized process parameters, such as the tool transverse speed of 40 mm/min, rotational tool speed of 1000 rpm, and an axial load of 10 kN with one pass. The influence of FSP process parameters on CMSCs in the stir zone is observed through optical microscope (OM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Mechanical properties such as microhardness and wear rate are studied and compared. It reveals that good interfacial bonding was produced between ceramic particles in CMSCs. TiB2 reinforced with copper matrix surface composites enhance microhardness and had a lesser wear rate.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 2; 617-626
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Butt Joints with Novel Joint Geometry
Autorzy:
Jayabalakrishnan, D.
Balasubramanian, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
aluminium
steel
joint geometry
Opis:
In this study, 1 mm thin sheets of AA 6061 and steel were welded by friction stir, with new joint geometry. Conventional friction stir welding develops high distortion to the specimen, particularly when the thickness is very small. In this process, friction stir welding is carried out by a tool without probe and with new joint geometry. Contrary to the conventional friction stir welding, where various tool profiles are used to obtain successful joints, the present study of investigation focused on developing a profile in the sheet metal edges to be joined. The aluminium sheet was positioned on the contoured steel sheet. Rotating tool with tilt angle was made to progress into the top sheet. Frictional heat plasticized the upper blank and the edges of the aluminium sheet were forged and extruded into the steel contour. The welding between steel and aluminium was due to a coalescence of the two materials and clamping effect was provided by the contour in the steel sheet. Tensile test was conducted to evaluate the quality of the welding along with macro and micro metallographic investigations. Further to this, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analysis have been done to understand the presence of intermetallics at the weld nugget. Tensile strength of 122.22 MPa was achieved. Intermetallics of Mg₂Si, MnAl₆ and FeAl₆, Al₅Fe₂ was found as dominant compound at the interface. Welding of thin sheets is enhanced by form clamping and chemical diffusion bonding.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 1; 94-100
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints between Commercially Pure Copper and Al 6351 Alloy
Autorzy:
Sinha, V. C.
Kundu, S.
Chatterjee, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
tensile strength
microstructure
intermetallics
Opis:
In the present study, the effect of tool rotational speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints between commercially pure copper and 6351 Al alloy was carried out in the range of tool rotational speeds of 300-900 rpm in steps of 150 rpm at 30 mm/minutes travel speed. Up to 450 rpm, the interface of the joints is free from intermetallics and Al4 Cu9 intermetallic has been observed at the stir zone. However, Al4 Cu9 intermetallic was observed both at the interface and the stir zone at 600 rpm. At 750 and 900 rpm tool rotational speed, the layers of AlCu, Al2 Cu3 and Al4 Cu9 intermetallics were observed at the interface and only Al4 Cu9 intermetallics has been observed in the stir zone. The maximum ultimate tensile strength of ~207 MPa and yield strength of ~168 MPa along with ~6.2% elongation at fracture of the joint have been obtained when processed at 450 rpm tool rotational speed.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1819-1825
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Application of Friction Stir Processing to the Fabrication of Magnesium-Based Foams
Autorzy:
Azizieh, M.
Pourmansouri, R.
Balak, Z.
Kafashan, H.
Mazaheri, M.
Kim, H. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metal foam
friction stir processing
porosity
magnesium
Opis:
In the present paper, friction stir processing (FSP) is used to fabricate magnesium-based nanocomposite foams. The effects of the number of FSP passes, TiH2 to Al2O3 weight ratio, and foaming temperature; on the pore distribution and porosity are described. The results indicate that a minimum TiH2 to Al2O3 weight ratio is necessary to provide the best pore distribution and porosity. Closed-cell porous magnesium with a porosity of about 17.5% was successfully fabricated using 4-pass FSP at 800 rpm, by adding 5 mass% TiH2 and 3.5 mass% Al2O3; at a holding temperature of 858 K, and a holding time of 45 min.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 1957-1962
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Examinations of Steel Overlap Joints Obtained Using the Friction Stir Welding Technology
Autorzy:
Więckowski, W.
Lacki, P.
Adamus, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
FSW
1.4541 steel
Opis:
The aim of the study was to analyse mechanical properties and microstructure of joints obtained using friction stir welding (FSW) technology. The focus of the study was on overlap linear FSW joints made of 1.4541 DIN 17441 steel sheets with thickness of 1.2 mm. Tools used during friction stir welding of steel joints were made of W-Re alloy. The joints were subjected to visual inspection and their load bearing capacity was evaluated by means of the tensile strength test with analysis of joint breaking mechanism. Furthermore, the joints were also tested during metallographic examinations. The analysis performed in the study revealed that all the samples of the FSW joints were broken outside the joint area in the base material of the upper sheet metal, which confirms its high tensile strength. Mean load capacity of the joints was 15.8 kN. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the joints did not reveal significant defects on the joint surface and in the cross-sections.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 393-399
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Friction Stir Welding/Processing of High Entropy Alloys (HEAs)
Zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem stopów o wysokiej entropii
Autorzy:
Mishra, Akshansh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
stop o wysokiej entropii
zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem
high entropy alloy
HEA
friction stir welding
friction stir processing
Opis:
The composition of High Entropy Alloys is quite different from the existing classical engineering alloys because in near equiatomic ratios they contain multiple principal alloying elements. Design and development of high entropy alloys is very important to overcome the shortcomings of conventionally used alloys in applications where operating conditions of temperature and loading are extreme. High entropy alloys generally find applications in compressor blades of an aerospace engine, energy, and transportation industries due to its low density and high strength. In order to enhance the application of high entropy alloys, the proper selection of a feasible welding process is very important. It has been observed that when high entropy alloys are subjected to the welding process other than the Friction Stir Welding process then it will result in reduced overall strength and lower hardness in the fusion zone and heat-affected zone. In this recent paper, the application of Friction Stir Welding for joining the high entropy alloys and also using Friction Stir Processing for improving the mechanical and microstructure properties of high entropy alloys are discussed.
Projektowanie i opracowywanie stopów o wysokiej entropii jest bardzo ważne, aby przezwyciężyć niedociągnięcia konwencjonalnie stosowanych stopów w zastosowaniach, w których warunki pracy, takie jak temperatura i obciążenie, są ekstremalne. Stopy o wysokiej entropii zwykle znajdują zastosowanie w łopatkach sprężarek silników lotniczych, energetyce i transporcie ze względu na ich niską gęstość i wysoką wytrzymałość. Aby usprawnić stosowanie stopów o wysokiej entropii, bardzo ważny jest właściwy dobór możliwego do wykonania procesu spawania. Zaobserwowano, że gdy stopy o wysokiej entropii zostaną poddane procesowi spawania innemu niż proces zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem, to spowoduje to zmniejszoną ogólną wytrzymałość i niższą twardość w strefie topienia i strefie wpływu ciepła. W artykule omówiono zastosowanie zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem do łączenia stopów o wysokiej entropii, a także zastosowanie tarciowej modyfikacji z przemieszaniem do poprawy właściwości mechanicznych i mikrostrukturalnych tych stopów.
Źródło:
Welding Technology Review; 2021, 93, 1; 27--33
0033-2364
2449-7959
Pojawia się w:
Welding Technology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of Process Parameters on Tensile Shear Strength of Friction Stir Spot Welded Aluminium Alloy (EN AW 5005)
Wpływ parametrów procesu wytwarzania na wytrzymałość na ścinanie zgrzewanego tarciowo stopu aluminium (EN AW 5005)
Autorzy:
Kulekci, M. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir spot welding (FSSW)
FSSW
friction stir welding
welding
aluminium
zgrzewanie tarciowe FSW
wytrzymałość na ścinanie
spawanie
Opis:
Aluminium and its alloys have been used in automotive technology since the first model of the car. The need for aluminium material is getting increased for weight reduction, improved fuel economy and vehicle performance. The amount of the aluminium used in a car is mainly related with joining processes of aluminium alloy. This can be achieved by developing the welding techniques for aluminium alloys. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of friction stir spot welding parameters on tensile shear strength of friction stir spot welded lap joint EN AW 5005 Aluminium alloy. The variable parameters were tool rotation (rpm), dwell time (s) and the tool pin height (mm). Tensile shear test results indicated that the weld performance was significantly affected by the tool rotation, dwell time and the tool pin height. The results of the study indicates that there are optimum process parameters which give the highest tensile shear strength.
Aluminium i jego stopy są stosowane w produkcji samochodów od pierwszego modelu. Zapotrzebowanie na aluminium rośnie z powodu dążenia do zmniejszenia masy własnej pojazdu, zmniejszeniu zużycia paliwa i poprawy osiągów pojazdu. Ilość aluminium stosowanego w samochodzie jest głównie związana z procesem łączenia stopów aluminium. To może być osiągnięte poprzez rozwój technik spawalniczych dla atopów aluminium. Celem tej pracy było określenie wpły wu parametrów zgrzewania tarciowego FSW, na wytrzymałość na ścinanie zakładkowych złączy ze stopu aluminium EN AW 5005. Zmiennymi parametrami były prędkość obrotowa narzędzia (obr/min), czas (s) i wysokość trzpienia (mm). Wyniki testów ścinania wskazują, że jakość złącza jest istotnie uzależniona od prędkości obrotowej narzędzia, czasu i wysokości trzpienia. Wyniki tej pracy wskazują, że istnieją optymalne parametry zgrzewania tarciowego FSW, które dają najwyższą wytrzymałość na ścinanie.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 1; 221-224
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of FSW welding parameters on the tensile strength of aluminum alloys
Autorzy:
Serier, Mohamed
Berrahou, Mohamed
Tabti, Affaf
Bendaoudi, Seif-E
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/94104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
tensile strength
friction stir welding
aluminum alloy
ANOVA
Opis:
The friction stir welding process is an innovative technique for joining metals using plasticity, without presenting the fusion. It was first applied to aluminum alloys, for example copper, steel alloys, polymers and others. In this work the effects of the rotational speed, the speed of travel and the axial force of the tool were grouped in a mathematical model to quantify their influences on the weld seam. In this context and with of the experimental tests, the desired objective through this study is to describe the tensile strength of the cord resulting from this welding operation, for the qualification of this type of parts with an optimum adapted to a given application.
Źródło:
Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials; 2019, 39; 41-45
2450-9469
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characterization of Cu/SiC surface composite produced by friction stir processing
Autorzy:
Iwaszko, J.
Kudła, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
copper
metal matrix surface composite
friction stir processing
Opis:
The main aim of this work was to obtain a copper matrix surface composite using friction stir processing (FSP). The reinforced phase was SiC particles with an average size of 5 mm. The effect of the reinforcement on the microstructure, hardness and wear behaviour were analysed. The friction treatment was carried out using a truncated cone-shaped tool with a threaded side surface. Multi-chamber technology was used to produce the composite microstructure in the copper surface layer. Changes in the material microstructure were assessed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Comparative measurement of the hardness of the initial and treated material as well as wear resistance tests were also carried out. A favourable effect of the surface treatment on the microstructure and properties of the copper was found. As a result of the friction treatment there was strong grain refinement in the copper surface layer. The average grain size in the stirring zone was about 3 mm and was over 21 times smaller than the average grain size in the initial material. Intensive dispersion of the SiC particles in the modified layer was also found, leading to the formation of a copper matrix composite. The effect of microstructural changes in the surface layer of the material and formation of the surface composite was an over two-fold increase in the hardness of the material and an increase in wear resistance.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2020, 68, 3; 555-564
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of structure and shear/peel strength of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-t6 aluminium alloy joints
Autorzy:
Kluz, R.
Kubit, A.
Wydrzyński, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
spot welding
friction stir welding
aluminium alloy joining
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of the macrostructure and mechanical properties of spot welds of joints made by Refill Friction Spot Stir Welding (RFSSW) method. RFSSW is a relatively new technology that is gaining wider use, not only in the automotive and aviation industries because it is a less energy intensive method than resistance spot welding. The primary focus of the article is the effect of welding time on the quality of the welded joints of sheet metal using the aforementioned method. The research was conducted on a joint between two pieces of sheet metal of various thicknesses (1.6 mm and 0.8 mm) made of a common aviation grade aluminium alloy 7075-T6 Alclad. Metallographic sections of select variants were made in order to analyze the structure of the joint. Strength tests with a static load were conducted in different loading configurations. A traditional tensile strength test was conducted on the lap joint, which revealed a complex stress state within the joint and an analogous test was conducted with the use of a stiffening holder that ensured a pure shear state in the joint. Peel tests were also performed on the lap joints with using a special holder.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2017, 11, 3; 297-303
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State of the Art of Ex-Situ Aluminium Matrix Composite Fabrication through Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Gangil, N.
Siddiquee, A. N.
Maheshwari, S.
Al-Ahmari, A. M.
Abidi, M. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
aluminium alloys
ex-situ composites
Opis:
Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are the fastest developing materials for structural applications. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) has evolved as a promising surface composite fabrication technique mainly because it is an eco-friendly and solid-state process. A spurt in the interest of research community and a resulting huge research output makes it difficult to find relevant information to further the research with objectivity. To facilitate this, the present article addresses the current state of the art and development in surface metal matrix fabrication through FSP with a specific focus on ex-situ routes. The available literature has been carefully read and categorized to present effects of particle size, morphology and elemental composition. The effect of various reinforcements on development of different functional characteristics is also discussed. Effect of main FSP parameters on various responses is presented with objectivity. Based on the studied literature concluding summary is presented in a manner in which the literature becomes useful to the researchers working on this important technology.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 719-738
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical Simulations for Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum 6082-T6
Autorzy:
Hamilton, C.
Dymek, S.
Węglowska, A.
Pietras, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
bobbin tool
aluminum
simulation
temperature
Opis:
Aluminum 6082-T6 panels were joined by friction stir welding utilizing a bobbin tool. A thermal simulation of the process was developed based upon machine torque and the temperature dependent yield stress utilizing a slip factor and an assumed coefficie nt of friction. The torque-based approach was compared to another simulation established on the shear layer methodology (SLM), which does not require the slip factor or coefficient of friction as model inputs. The SLM simulation, however, only models hea t generation from the leading edges of the tool. Ultimately, the two approaches yielded matching temperature predictions as both methodologies predicted the same overall total heat generation from the tool. A modified shear layer approach is proposed that adopts the flexibility and convenience of the shear layer method, yet models heat generation from all tool/workpiece interfaces.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1115-1123
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of joining method of AW-7020 aluminium alloy on corrosion properties
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247476.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aluminium alloys
friction stir welding (FSW)
MIG welding
corrosion
Opis:
The results of corrosion properties research of aluminum alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1) welded by friction stir welding FSW and MIG were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy was presented as well as parameters for MIG. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of both, the FSW and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The polarization was carried out at changes in the potential speed of 12 mV/min in the range of š 50 mV with the stationary potential. Atlas 0531EU & IA potentiostat was used for studies. The corrosion resistance research was carried out using three electrode potentiodynamic method. The following parameters were measured: electrode potential Ec [mV] and the corrosion current density Jc [mi A/cm2]. The tests were carried out on specimens in 3.5% water solution NaCl. Good resistance to electrochemical corrosion was found of the native material, friction stir welded and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. Original value are received results of the corrosion properties of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with traditional MIG method and the native material.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 587-581
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Discrete Wavelet Transformation Approach for Surface Defects Detection in Friction Stir Welded Joints
Autorzy:
Mishra, Akshansh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
Machine Vision
Surface Defects
Friction Stir Welding
Python programming
Opis:
Friction Stir Welding joint quality depends on input parameters such as tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, tool tilt angle and an axial force. Surface defects formation occurs when these input parameters are not selected properly. The main objective of the recent paper is to develop Discrete Wavelet Transform algorithm by using Python programming and further subject it to the Friction Stir Welded samples for the identification of various external surface defects present.
Źródło:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2020, 12; 27--35
2081-7738
2300-7591
Pojawia się w:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Tool Pin Profile on Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Materials AA5083 and AA7075 Aluminium Alloy
Autorzy:
Azmi, Muhammad Haziq
Hasnol, Muhammed Zakariya
Zaharuddin, Mohd Faridh Ahmad
Sharif, Safian
Rhee, Sehun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106579.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
aluminium alloys
tool pin
mechanical properties
Opis:
Friction stir welding (FSW) currently contributes a significant joining process for welding aluminium, magnesium, and other metals in which no molten or liquid state were involved. It is well known that aluminium alloys are more effective, promising for different applications light weight, strength and low cost. This study aims to determine how such tools geometry and tool speed can be related to dissimilar material in the joining process. Specifically, it investigates whether the distribution of the weld zone particularly between tool pin profile to rotational speed. In this context, the influence of tool pin profile and tool rotational speed in relation to the mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welded. The aim of this study is also to test the hypothesis that better mixing between dissimilar metals at higher tool rotational speed along the weld path. Three different tool profiles were configured with AA5083 and AA7075. During welding, notable presence of various types of defects such as voids and wormholes in the weld region. The results of this work showed that the tool pin profile and weld parameter are significant in determining mechanical properties at different tool rotational speed. The highest tensile strength achieved was about 263 MPa and the defectfree joint was obtained by using the threaded tapered cylindrical pin tool at a rotational speed of 800 rpm. These findings indicate that different tool profiles influence differently on the formation of defects at welds. On this basis, the tool geometry should be considered when designing experimental friction stir welded joint.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 2; 465--470
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What if they are not weld-able?
Autorzy:
Zhang, H.
Jayatissa, A. H.
Durbin, S.
Ma, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hybrid mechanical joining
friction stir welding
riveting
magnesium
aluminum
Opis:
Many light metals, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, are promised to provide significant weight reduction for automobiles. However, the difficulties in welding these metals seriously hinder their large-scale applications. A new, hybrid mechanical joining process is proposed to avoid the inherited metallurgical complications in welding. By spinning and pressing a solid rivet into the metals, a joint is formed with the locking from the rivet, a stirred/mixed zone around the rivet, and solid bonding at the faying interface. This riveting process combines the actions of friction-stir welding in which metals of difierent sheets are mechanically mixed, and self-piercing riveting process which embeds a rivet in the sheets. Experiments have shown that such a friction-stir riveting process can produce joints of comparable strength to those created by other joining means, and can be applied to dififcult-to-weld metals and dissimilar metals, such as aluminum-to-aluminum, magnesium-to-magnesium, and aluminum-to-magnesium.
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2012, 3, 3; 86-91
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ultrasonic Assisted Active-Passive Filling Friction Stir Repairing to Eliminate Volume Defects
Autorzy:
Wang, Tao
Gong, Xue
Ji, Shude
Xue, Gang
Lv, Zan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir repairing
magnesium alloys
defects
ultrasonic
mechanical properties
Opis:
Ultrasonic assisted active-passive filling friction stir repairing (A-PFFSR) was proposed to repair volume defects in the metallic parts. Sound joints without interfacial defects could be achieved. Firstly, the ultrasonic was beneficial to improving material flow and atom diffusion, and then eliminated kissing bond defects compared to conventional A-PFFSR joints. Secondly, the equiaxed grains were refined by ultrasonic vibration. Lastly, the repairing passes were reduced due to the ultrasonic, which decreased softening degree of the repaired joints. The maximum tensile strength of 150 MPa was achieved. Therefore, this strategy to repair the volume defects is feasibility and potential in the remanufacturing fields of aerospace and transportation.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 217-222
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment Of Joints Using Friction Stir Welding And Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding Methods
Diagnostyka połączeń uzyskanych metodą tarciową (Friction Stir Welding) oraz zgrzewania z przemieszaniem materiału (Refill Friction Stir Spot)
Autorzy:
Lacki, P.
Więckowski, W.
Wieczorek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
investigation
defects
FSW
diagnostyka złączy
defekty
Opis:
FSW (Friction Stir Welding) and RFSSW (Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding) joints have been increasingly used in industrial practice. They successfully replace fusion-welded, riveted or resistance-welded joints. In the last two decades, dynamic development of this method has stimulated investigations of the fast methods for joint diagnostics. These methods should be non-destructive and easy to be used in technological processes. The methods of assessment of joint quality are expected to detect discontinuities in the structures welded using FSW and FSSW methods. Reliable detection of flaws would substantially extend the range of applications of FSW joints across many sectors of industry, including aviation. The investigations carried out in this paper allowed for characterization of defects present in FSW and RFSSW joints. Causes of these defects were also stressed. An overview of the methodologies for assessment of joint quality was presented. Results of assessment of the quality of joints made of 2024T6 aluminium sheet metal using FSW and RFSSW method were presented.
Złącza FSW i RFSSW są coraz częściej stosowane w praktyce przemysłowej. Dobrze zastępują złącza spawane, nitowane czy zgrzewane oporowo. Dynamiczny rozwój metod w ostatnim dwudziestoleciu skutkuje poszukiwaniem szybkich metod diagnostyki złączy. Metody te powinny być nieniszczące oraz dać się zastosować podczas procesu technologicznego. Od sposobu oceny jakości złączy oczekuje się wykrycia nieciągłości struktur zgrzewanych metodą FSW i FSSW. Możliwość skutecznego wykrywania wad pozwoliłaby na znacznie szerszy zakres zastosowań złączy FSW w wielu sektorach przemysłu w tym w przemyśle lotniczym. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań w pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę defektów występujących w złączach FSW i RFSSW, wskazano na przyczyny ich występowania oraz przedstawiono przegląd metod badań umożliwiających ocenę jakości złączy. Zaprezentowano przykładowe wyniki oceny jakości złączy wykonanych z blach aluminiowych 2024T6 metodą FSW i RFSSW.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 3; 2297-2306
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fabrication of Aluminum - Cr3C2 Surface Composites through Friction Stir Processing and Analyzing its Microstructural and Mechanical Evolution
Autorzy:
Satheeshkumar, J.
Jayaraman, M.
Priyadharshini, G. S.
Sathya Mukesh, C. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352635.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microstructure
microhardness
friction stir processing
ADC-12
chromium carbide
Opis:
In this paper, aluminium alloy of grade ADC-12 was considered as a base metal and chromium carbide (Cr3C2) particles were reinforced through friction stir process. A detailed analysis of mechanical property and metallurgical characterization studies were performed to evaluate the surface composite. Remarkable changes were observed in the developed composite due to the mechanical force produced by the stir tool with an increase in hardness. The metallurgical investigation infers that the presence of silica in ADC-12 alloys has undergone mechanical fracture and long needle structure changed to reduced size. On the other hand, at higher tool rotational speed, the uniform distribution of hard particles was confirmed through SEM micrographs. Thus the modified surface composite has produced good mechanical property with high metallurgical qualities.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1527-1532
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Study on the Influence of Reinforcement Volume on AA5083/(SiC-Gr) Hybrid Surface Composite Developed by Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Bharti, Shalok
Ghetiya, Nilesh D.
Patel, Kaushik M.
Saxena, Kuldeep K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27765096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
surface composites
multi-pass
Friction Stir Processing
reinforcement
hybrid composite
Opis:
In this study, a hybrid surface composite of AA5083/SiC-Gr was produced by Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Reinforcement material each in 50:50 proportion was filled in the base matrix using holes method. Three different hybrid reinforcement volumes of 301.6 mm3, 452.4 mm3, and 603.2 mm3 were prepared for surface composite. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to check the quality of the prepared surface composite and homogeneous distribution of reinforcement was observed in the images. It was observed that due to better uniform distribution of reinforcement particles during 3 pass FSP, specimens with 301.6 mm3 reinforcement volume showed enhanced microhardness and wear properties in comparison with the other specimens.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 625--629
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of joining method for hardness distribution in joints of AlZnSMg1 alloy
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction stir welding (FSW)
welding MIG
aluminium alloys
hardness distribution
Opis:
The article presents the research results of hardness values distribution of friction s tir welded joint (FSW) alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1). The joints welded by traditional MIG method of the same aluminium alloy were chosen as reference points. Friction stir welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of sheet metal with different types of aluminium alloys. The parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding used to join metal alloy AlZn5Mg1 (7020) were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct structured both MIG welded joints and FSW welded aluminum alloy 7020. The study was carried out using Vickers hardness HV5 accordance with the requirements of the Polish Standard PN-EN 1043-1:2000. The study was conducted in three rows, and the indenter load was 50 N. In order to determine the structural changes in the bonded joints, the samples were polished and then micro-etched KELLER reagent. Metallographic examination was carried out using optical microscope Axiovert ZAISS 25. Metallographic examination revealed the existence of an explicit heat affected zone of HAZ in case of MIG welded joints and virtually lack there of, in case of FSW welded joints. In case of FSW welded joint, maximum hardness was observed in the middle of joint, but at a distance of approximately 25 mm from the middle of the weld there is a hardness decrease of about 10% relative to the base material. In the MIG weldedjoint lowest hardness of the weld occurred in the middle of the joint.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 137-141
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stress corrosion cracking of welded joints of Al-Mg alloys
Autorzy:
Czechowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
stress corrosion cracking
welding
aluminium alloy
friction stir welding (FSW)
Opis:
Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) was used to test the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminium alloys AW 5083 and AW 5059 (Alustar) jointed by friction stir welding (FSW). The test was carried out in the air and 3.5% water solution NaCl. Cylindrical notch-free specimens and cylindrical notched specimens (R = 5 mm) were used. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure – T [h], obtained max. load – F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) – E [MAJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen – A11.3 [%]; max. tensile stress – R [MPa] and narrowing – Z [%]. On the basis of obtained results, it was noted that FSW-welded joints show superior strength and resistance to stress corrosion, compared to MIG-welded joints. The fractions after SSRT testing were cleaved with some ductile areas. This article also gives the mechanical features of friction stir welded Al-Mg alloys. Tests have shown that the 5059 alloy, welded by FSW, has superior strength properties compared to the FSW 5083 alloy, along with comparable, good resistance to stress corrosion. FSW 5083 alloy joints have very good resistance to stress corrosion - better than those made using traditional welding methods (MUG). Original value are received results of the stress corrosion resistance of new method friction stir welded Al-Mg alloy compared with traditional MIG method.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 3; 41-45
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Numerical Simulation of Aviation Structure Joined by FSW
Autorzy:
Lacki, P.
Adamus, K.
Winowiecka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aviation structure
friction stir welding
FSW
thermo-mechanical simulation
FEM
Opis:
This work presents a numerical simulation of aviation structure joined by friction stir welding, FSW, process. The numerical simulation of aviation structure joined by FSW was created. The simulation uses thermomechanical coupled formulation. The model required creation of finite elements representing sheets, stiffeners and welds, definition of material models and boundary conditions. The thermal model took into account heat conduction and convection assigned to appropriate elements of the structure. Time functions were applied to the description of a heat source movement. The numerical model included the stage of welding and the stage of releasing clamps. The output of the simulation are residual stresses and deformations occurring in the panel. Parameters of the global model (the panel model) were selected based on the local model (the single joint model), the experimental verification of the local model using the single joint and the geometry of the panel joints.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 387-392
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selection of basic position in Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding of 2024-T3 and D16UTW aluminum alloy sheets
Autorzy:
Lacki, P.
Derlatka, A.
Gałaczyński, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding
RFSSW
aluminum alloy
basic position
Opis:
One of the important parameters of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding is the so-called basic position of the tool. This is the arrangement of the pin and sleeve which occurs when the tool is plunged into the material. The basic positions can be divided into two categories. In the first category, the sleeve and the pin are above the sheet surface or below sheet surface and in the second category the pin is retracted within the sleeve or protrudes from it. The aim of the work was to test four settings of the basic position, and then determine the best setting of the basic position, without changing the other welding parameters. Joints made of an aluminum alloy 2024-T3 sheet having a thickness of 1.0 mm and an aluminum alloy D16UTW sheet having a thickness of 0.6 mm were analysed. The best setting of the basic position was determined based on assessment of the force carried in shear test, macrostructure and weld face of the joints.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 443-449
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Understanding the Effect of Multiple Traverse Feed during Friction Stir Welding Processes
Autorzy:
Shailesh Rao, A.
Yuvaraja, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
multiple pass of tool
microstructre
tensile strength
Opis:
The scope of this paper is to understand the effect of multiple pass of the tool during friction stir welding process of Al-17Si alloy and evaluate its microstructure and tensile strength. The rotational speed of 900 rpm with three different feed rates (50, 100, 150 mm/min) was selected for this process. The weld gap seen below the tool tip has been reduced drastically during the multiple pass and after the third pass the weld gap was invisible. With the increase in the feed rate, the adhesion was reduced between the tool pin circumference and diffused material, hence a small increase in the weld gap was observed. The substantiate changes in the microstructure was observed due to the severe formation of the metal during low feed rate. With the increase in the feed rate, some coarse grains were observed near and below the tool pin. The tensile strength during the multiple pass of the tool was studied and found better for lower feed rate. Further, the variation of the tool speeds (600, 900 and 1200 rpm) for constant feed rates of 100 mm/min were discussed. The more heat input improves plunging depth thereby reduces weld gap, but for higher heat input (tool rotation: 1200 rpm; feed rate: 100mm/min) increase in weld gaps was seen. The tensile properties for all the cases were discussed. The diffusion process, friction force and relative velocity pertaining to this process were highlighted finally.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 203-210
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Analysis of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties on Friction Stir Welded Joint of Dissimilar 304 Stainless Steel and Commercially Pure Aluminium
Autorzy:
Balamagendiravarman, M.
Kundu, S.
Chatterjee, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
dissimilar materials
microstructure
mechanical properties
weld nugget
Opis:
In this study, friction stir welding of dissimilar 304 stainless steel and commercially pure aluminium was performed under the following condition of tool rotational speed 1000 rpm, traverse speed 60 mm/min and tool tilt angle 2 degree. Microstructural characterisation was carried out by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optical images shows that the microstructural change is very minimum in steel side when compared to aluminium side due to the difference in mechanical and thermal properties. The intermetallic compound Al3Fe was observed at the interfacial region and stir region of the welded joint. The maximum ultimate tensile strength is 78% of commercially pure aluminium base metal. Microhardness profile was measured across the weld interface and the maximum value reaches at the stir zone due to the formation of intermettalics.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1813-1817
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welded dissimilar Al/Ti alloys by ultrasonic assistance
Autorzy:
Dong, Zhibo
Zhang, Ziao
Hu, Wei
Gong, Peng
Lv, Zan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir lap welding
ultrasonic
intermetallic compounds
failure load
fracture
Opis:
Dissimilar Al/Ti alloy sheets were lap welded with ultrasonic assistance in this work. The influence of ultrasonic vibration on formation, intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and tensile failure load of the obtained joints was discussed. The results showed that voids formed at the lap interface without ultrasonic assistance. No voids can be observed on the joint welded with ultrasonic because the vibration during welding improved the material flow. No obvious IMC formed at the Al/Ti bonding interface of the joint welded without ultrasonic assistance. An IMC layer formed at the bonding interface of Al/Ti with ultrasonic assistance and its thickness increased with decreasing the welding speed. The failure load of the joint welded with ultrasonic assistance was higher than the joint without ultrasonic because the void was eliminated and the thin IMC layer formed at the bonding interface was beneficial to joint strength. All joints presented shear failure mode during the tensile shear tests.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 1; 91-96
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corrosive properties distribution in AW-7020 alloy joints welded by FSW
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
EIS
friction stir welding
FSW
welding
corrosion
Opis:
The results of corrosion properties research of aluminum alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1) welded by Friction Stir Welding were presented. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mg1 (7020) alloy were presented. Corrosion tests were performed on the surface of the FSW joined sheets depending on the distance from the centre of the weld. EIS measurement was performed in three-electrode system in an artificial seawater (3.5% NaCl). Impedance studies were carried out at the corrosion potential. Changed voltage signal amplitude in the range ± 10 mV and frequency range of changes was as follows: 100 kHz - 0.1 Hz. Atlas 0531 EU & IA potentiostat was used for studies. Model in the form of an electrical equivalent circuit replacement was chosen for the test object. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are presented graphically in the Nyquist charts matched with the theoretical curve to them and in the form of parameters characterizing the corrosion process. Obtained results were statistically analysed. Better resistance to electrochemical corrosion was found for the native material then joint welded by FSW of 7020 aluminum alloy. Worse corrosion properties were observed in the advancing side of the weld than in the retreating side of the weld. Original value are received results of the corrosion properties distribution of FSW welded AW-7020 aluminium alloy.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 79-85
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental Investigation of Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Characteristics of Cu-Ni/ZrC Composites Synthesized through Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Velmurugan, T.
Subramanian, R.
Priyadharshini, G. Suganya
Raghu, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Cu-Ni/ZrC composite
Friction Stir Processing
mechanical properties
wear
Opis:
Friction Stir Process (FSP) was employed to develop Cupro-Nickel/Zirconium Carbide (Cu-Ni/ZrC) surface composites. Five different groove widths ranging from 0 to 1.4 mm were made in CuNi alloy plate to incorporate different ZrC volume fraction (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 %) to study its influence on the structure and properties of Cu-Ni/ZrC composite. Processing was performed at a Tool Rotational Speed (TRS) of 1300 rpm, Tool Traverse Speed (TTS) of 40 mm/min with a constant axial load of 6 KN. The study is performed to analyse the influence of ZrC particles and the volume fraction of ZrC particles on the microstructural evolution, microhardness, mechanical properties, and tribological characteristics of the Cu-Ni/ZrC composite. The fracture and worn-out surfaces are analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) to identify the fracture and wear mechanisms. The results demonstrated a simultaneous increase in microhardness and tensile strength of the developed composite because of grain refinement, uniform dispersion, and excellent bonding of ZrC with the matrix. Besides, the wear resistance increases with increase in volume fraction of ZrC particles in the composite. The surface morphology analysis revealed that the wear mechanism transits from severe wear regime to mild wear regime with increase in volume fraction of ZrC particles.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 2; 565-574
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of RFSSW Lap Joints of Thin Al7075-T6 Sheets
Autorzy:
Andres, J.
Wrońska, A.
Gałaczyński, T.
Luty, G.
Burek, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
refill friction stir welding
lap joining
aerostructures
aluminum alloy
alclad
Opis:
Refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) is a new technique of metal structures joining. Within the framework of activities of PZL Mielec in R&D area (program Innolot) researches are realized which aim is to develop the RFSSW technology as a method of joining thin aluminum elements used in aircrafts constructions. The paper presents results of investigations on the RFSSW lap joints welded using rotations in the range from 1500 to 2000 rpm and tool sleeve plunge depth from 1.6 to 1.8 mm. Thin aluminum sheets of thickness 0.8 and 1.6 mm coated with alclad or anodized were welded. Results of the investigations prove that the most common cause of specimens breaking was presence of geometrical defect – the so called hook and weak bonding between parent material and working area of internal sleeve of RFSSW tool. The best tensile strength was reached in case of joint welded at rotational speed 2000 rpm and tool plunge depth 1.6 mm and 1.7 mm (5.37 kN and 5.87 kN adequately). These joints were characterized by very fine and uniform microstructure in the area between sleeve stirred zone and parent material.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 39-43
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental investigation and modelling of Friction Stir Processing of cast aluminium alloy AlSi9Mg
Autorzy:
Węglowski, M. S.
Dymek, S.
Hamilton, C. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
aluminum alloys
numerical modelling
neural networks
microstructure
Opis:
Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a novel solid state processing technique which can be used for microstructural modification of surface layers in metallic materials. This paper analyzes the effects of FSP process parameters on spindle torque acting on the tool and on the tool temperature. It has been shown that an increase in the rotational speed brings about a decrease in the torque and an increase of temperature. For temperature estimation in the stir zone a numerical model was applied, while for predicting a relationship between the spindle torque acting on the tool, rotational and travelling speeds and the down force, the artificial neural networks approach was employed. Light and electron (scanning and transmission) microscopy investigation showed that the FSP process reduces porosity and produces a more uniform distribution of second-phase particles.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 4; 893-904
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Plunge Depth on the Strength Properties of Friction Welded Joints Using the RFSSW Method
Autorzy:
Kluz, Rafał
Kubit, Andrzej
Wydrzyński, Dawid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
friction stir welding
joining aluminium alloys
refile friction spot stir welding
zgrzewanie tarciowe
łączenie stopów aluminium
spawanie punktowe z mieszaniem punktowym
Opis:
The Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) method consists of three variable process parameters: rotational speed, tool plunge time and depth. The article presents an analysis of the effects tool plunge depth on shear strength. For this purpose, samples had a shearing load applied in a device prepare for this purpose. The shear strength was determined. An analysis of the results showed that tool plunge has a large effect on the strength of the joint and the structure of the joint. Depending on the tool plunge value, three types of joint failure were observed during the static shear strength test.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2018, 12, 1; 41-47
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The application of friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys in shipbuilding and railway industry
Autorzy:
Gesella, G.
Czechowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
Friction Stir Welding
FSW
aluminium alloys
welding
shipbuilding industry
mechanical properties
Opis:
The article describes possibilities of application of friction stir welding (FSW) in shipbuilding and railway industry. Actually, in these sectors of industry more and more often modern construction materials are used. The biggest restriction of implementing new materials is technological possibility of joining them. One of construction materials used in the shipbuilding is aluminum, mainly its alloy of 5xxx-aluminium-magnesium series. Its application is justified by good corrosion resistance in seawater and good mechanical attributes. Thanks to susceptibility to plastic treatment, one gains good mechanical attributes with thrice-smaller density than a density of steel, what causes triple reduction of weight of aluminum construction relative to steel one. Alloys of 5xxx series are well weldable. It is generally known that welding is not a good way to joint metals, especially the aluminum. The application of FSW with mixing allows one to change approach to production of aluminum constructions. Using aluminum plates prefabricated with FSW method allows one to reduce time needed for installation of construction and considerably decreases the production costs. The article describes technology and directions of development of friction welding of aluminum alloys of 5xxx series using FSW method. There is also shown analysis of its usefulness in ship and railway industry and comparison of mechanical attributes of weld made with electric arc using MIG (135), TIG (141) method and FSW method.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 2; 85-90
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical properties of 5083, 5059 and 7020 aluminium alloys and their joints welded by FSW
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction stir welding (FSW)
aluminium alloys
joints
welding
mechanical properties
shipbuilding
Opis:
The article presents the research results on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7020 and its friction stir welded (FSW) joints. For comparison alloy 5083 – the most currently used in shipbuilding alloy was chosen as well as 5059 - the new high-strength alloy. Besides the native material alloys there were investigated their joints welded by FSW - the same method as alloy 7020. Welding parameters used for the connection of the sheets made of 7020, 5083 and 5059 alloys were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct construction of structural bonded joints. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods i.e. MIG or TIG. The research was carried out using a static tensile test in accordance with the requirements of the Polish Standards PNEN ISO 4136:2011 and PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010. Flat samples cut perpendicular to the direction of rolling were used. The research was conducted at the temperature of + 20ºC. The 7020 alloy has higher strength properties then alloys: 5083 and 5059. The yield stress is higher by 14.8% compared to 5083 alloy, and by 11.7% compared to the alloy 5059. Plastic properties of an alloy 7020 are the lowest, but with reserves meet the requirements of classification societies. The joints welded by FSW of 7020 alloy have higher strength properties then joints of alloys: 5083 and 5059. The yield stress achieves the highest value for alloy 7020 and is 24.2% higher than for 5083 alloy and 11.5% for the 5059 alloy. Despite the strength properties also plastic properties are best for 7020 alloy joints.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 69-73
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Properties of AW 5059 aluminium alloy joints welded by mig and Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Autorzy:
Czechowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction stir welding (FSW)
mechanical properties
aluminium alloys
stress corrosion cracking
Opis:
The article presents the results of the mechanical properties of aluminium alloy AW 5059 [AlMg5.5Zn] welded by MIG and friction stir welding FSW. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminium alloy sheets. Research results on stress corrosion cracking for the AW 5059 alloy welded joints are presented. Stress corrosion cracking was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to EN ISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure, obtained max. load, strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve), relative elongation of the specimen, tensile stress and reduction-in-area. The fractures were analysis by scanning electron microscope of Philips XL 30 type. Tests were carried out in the air and in a 3.5% water solution of NaCl – artificial sea water. On the basis of obtained test results, it can be said that 5059 alloy joints welded by FSW are resistant to stress corrosion in sea water. Tests have shown that the 5059 alloy, welded by FSW, has superior strength properties compared to the FSW 5083 alloy, along with comparable, good resistance to stress corrosion. Original value are received results of the mechanical and corrosion properties of a new method friction stir welding used for joining AW 5059 alloy sheets.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 125-129
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the Arrangement of Materials and Microstructural Analysis During FSW of AZ80A & AZ91C Mg Alloys
Autorzy:
Sevvel, P.
Jaiganesh, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Mg alloy
friction stir welding
anisotropic arrangement
advancing side
retreating side
Opis:
The main objective of this paper is to produce defect free weldments with improved properties during friction stir welding of dissimilar Mg alloys. The influence of the anisotropic arrangement of materials when AZ80A Mg alloy is taken as advancing side and AZ91C Mg alloy as retreating side and vice versa with respect to their mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics were investigated. The effects of various FSW parameters on the quality of these joints were also analyzed and best optimized FSW parameters were suggested. Defect free sound joints with excellent mechanical properties were produced when AZ80A Mg alloy was positioned at retreating side. At the same time, it seems a little bit difficult to obtain good quality joints with the contrary arrangement of materials. These investigations revealed that materials having inferior plastic deformability must be kept at the advancing side to obtain sound joints during FSW of dissimilar alloys of Magnesium.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1795-1801
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of Aluminum FSW Joints Using Ultrasonic Testing
Autorzy:
Adamus, K.
Lacki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminum sheet
Friction Stir Welding
joints
non-destructive testing
ultrasonic testing
Opis:
The paper concerns aluminum joints made using friction stir welding. Although in the aerospace industry there is a tendency to replace metal components with composites, aluminum continues to be a valuable material. Its share in the aircraft structures is the biggest among all structural metals. Lots of aluminum components are made of sheets and most of them require joining. Friction stir welding is a relatively new joining technology, particularly with regard to the sheets having a thickness of 1 mm or lower. The paper is dedicated to non-destructive testing of such joints using ultrasonic inspection. It was found that ultrasonic testing allows for distinguishing between joints without material discontinuities, joint with material discontinuities at the advancing side and joint with discontinuities extending through the whole width of the stir zone. During research only horizontally aligned defects were taken into account.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2399-2404
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Brushing on Residual Stress and Surface Roughness of EN AW-2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy Joints Welded Using the FSW Method
Autorzy:
Bucior, Magdalena
Kluz, Rafał
Kubit, Andrzej
Ochał, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
brushing
aluminum alloy
friction stir welding
FSW
surface roughness
residual stress
Opis:
This article presents the influence of the brushing process on residual stress and surface roughness of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy joints welded using the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method. Butt joints with thicknesses of 2 mm were brushing with using ceramic brush. The aim of the study was to find optimal parameters of the brushing process, which would significantly improve the functional properties of welded joints. The experiments were carried out in two steps. In the first stage of the research, the feed rate was changed in the range f = 40 ÷ 120 mm / min with a constant brushing depth d = 0.5 mm. The roughness decreased from Sa = 5.285 µm for the specimen after welding to Sa = 2.460 µm for the f = 120 mm/min and d = 0.5 mm. The change in the parameters of the brushing process did not have a significant impact on the state of residual stresses. Hence, in the second step, the brushing depth was increased in steps of 0.1 mm. The best properties were obtained for f = 120 mm / min and d = 0.6 mm (variant 6A), where roughness was Sa = 0.443 µm and compressive stresses σ = -118 MPa.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2023, 17, 1; 86--93
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Properties of advancing side of weld in joint welded by FSW
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction stir welding
FSW
welding
aluminium alloys
advancing side of weld
Opis:
The results of mechanical and corrosion properties research of chosen part of joint bonded by Friction Stir Welding – advancing side of the weld, were presented. AW-7020 aluminium alloy was used for research. Research included the following methods: - mechanical properties were carried out using static tensile test in accordance with PN-EN ISO 4136:2011 and PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010, - Hardness testing in the cross-sections of joints was carried out using Vickers HV5 method in accordance with PNEN ISO 6507-1:2006, - microscopic examination was performed by optical microscope ZEISS Axiovert 25, - the corrosion resistance research was carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method in 3.5% water solution NaCl. During the study obtained higher strength properties for the FSW joint compared to the native material – all samples cracked in the native material. The hardness test shown, that the advanced side of the weld has the highest value of hardness of completely joint. Better resistance to electrochemical corrosion was found for the native material then joint welded by FSW of 7020 aluminum alloy, including the advancing side of the weld. Original value is received results of the mechanical and corrosion properties of advancing side of the weld of FSW welded AW-7020 aluminium alloy.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 3; 75-80
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fractography analysis of AW-7020 alloy joints welded by FSW
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction stir welding (FSW)
aluminum alloys
welding
fractography
scanning electron microscopy
Opis:
Technology development of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method for joining AW-7020 aluminum alloy elements was described. Two kinds of tools were used during research: with a regular pin and with a „TRI-FLUTE” pin. Tools were with different dimensions and the following parameters changed mandrel’s rotary speed Vn [rev/min], welding speed Vz [mm/min], angle of tool deflection αz [o]. The thickness of the joining sheets was g = 12 mm. The sheets were one side milled to a thickness of 10 mm in the contact portion. Samples were tested by Charpy impact strength according to PN-EN ISO 148-1:2010. After these tests, the samples were analysed by means of fractographic examination. The tests were made with using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) Philips XL-30. The analysis has shown that there is the influence of the joining parameters and chosen tools for the possibility of occurrence welding defects in joints. Welding defects detected in the structure of joints after impact studies were: incomplete fusion, separations dissection, and cracks. During the development of friction stir welding technology, the best results, in terms of structure homogeneity and the absence of welding defects, were achieved for the tool with TRI-FLUTE pin and joining parameters: Vn = 450 rev/min, Vz = 180 mm/min, αz = 88.5 °.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 67-74
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of joining method for mechanical properties of 7020 aluminium alloy joints
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction stir welding (FSW)
aluminium alloys
joints
welding
mechanical properties
shipbuilding
Opis:
The article presents the research results on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7020 and its FSW and MIG welded joints. Welding parameters used for the connection of the sheets made of 7020 alloy were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct construction of structural bonded joints. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods, especially MIG, which is the most common method of joining aluminum alloys used in shipbuilding. The research was carried out using a static tensile test in accordance with the requirements of the Polish Standards PN-EN ISO 4136:2011 and PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010. Flat samples cut perpendicular to the direction of rolling were used. The research was conducted at the temperature of + 20ºC. Friction stir welded joints of 7020 alloy have higher strength properties compared to MIG welded joints. The yield stress of FSW joint is higher by 14.2% compared to MIG welded joint, and at the same level as the native material. Plastic properties of FSW joint are much higher than MIG joint (over 40%). Confirmation of high strength properties of FSW joint is the place of crack - beyond the weld in the native material.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 71-76
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al 3003 Alloy Weld by Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding Process
Autorzy:
Jung, Woo-Chul
Park, Joo-Heon
Yoon, Sang-Min
Kim, Young Kyun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203728.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stationary shoulder friction stir welding
aluminum 3003 alloy
microstructure
mechanical properties
Opis:
The lap joint welding of Al 3003 alloy by stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) was performed under the conditions of tool rotation and welding speed, and it was confirmed that the welding was performed under all conditions. The tunnel defects and pores were formed in the weld zone at the lowest tool rotation and welding speed, and it is increased, the weld surface has been improved. At the same tool rotation speed at the welding speed is increased, the grain size was refined in the stir zone (SZ) and thus the hardness increased by about 14% compared to the base metal. The tensile shear strength is measured to be 10 kN or more under most conditions, and in the 4000 rpm with high heat input, the shear tensile strength was measured relatively lower than other conditions due to excessive heat input of the material.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 113--118
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Welding Conditions on Microstructural Evolution of Friction-Stir-Welded Ti-Cu Plate
Autorzy:
Lee, Yong-Jae
Jeong, Won-Ki
Lee, Seung-Jun
Fujii, Hidetoshi
Shin, Se Eun
Lee, Dong-Geun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
Ti-Cu dissimilar welding
intermetallic compounds
welding speed
Opis:
Fusion welding of Ti-Cu is difficult because of big difference of melting points and formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. Friction stir welding is carried out by solid-state joining, thermo-mechanical stirring, and friction heat. Ti-Cu FSW dissimilar welding can supply a very sound joint area with a few intermetallic compounds. Optimized welding process conditions are essential to obtain suitable microstructure and mechanical properties of welded zones. Different welding speeds affect the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties due to changes of input heat and internal stored deformation energy. The correlation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Cu welded zone according to welding speeds were investigated and analyzed. As the higher the welding speed, the lower the heat input and the lower the temperature rise. Ti-Cu 75 has the smallest grain size at 13.9 μm, but the optimum mechanical properties and the integrity of welding were shown in Ti-Cu 50.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 131--135
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Review on Aluminium Hybrid Surface Composite Fabrication Using Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Patil, Namdev A.
Pedapati, Srinivasa Rao
Mamat, Othman Bin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Friction Stir Processing
aluminium hybrid surface composite
mechanical properties
tribological properties
Opis:
Nowadays, Aluminium (Al) based hybrid surface composites are amongst the fastest developing advanced materials used for structural applications. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) has emerged as a clean and flexible solid-state surface composites fabrication technique. Intensive research in this field resulted in numerous research output; which hinders in finding relevant meta-data for further research with objectivity. In order to facilitate this research need, present article summarizes current state of the art and advances in aluminium based hybrid surface composites fabrication by FSP with in-situ and ex-situ approach. Reported literature were read and systematically categorized to show impacts of different types of reinforcements, deposition techniques, hybrid reinforcement ratio and FSP machine parameters on microstructures, mechanical and tribological characteristics of different Al alloys. Challenges and opportunities in this field have been summarized at the end, which will be beneficial to researchers working onsolid state FSP technique.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 441-457
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fabrication of AZ31/CNT Surface Nano-composite by Double-pass Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Kim, J. Y.
Hwang, J.-W.
Kim, H. Y.
Lee, S. M.
Jung, W.-S.
Byeon, J.-W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
surface modification
Double-pass Friction Stir Processing
AZ31
composite
CNT
Opis:
Double-pass Friction Stir Processing (FSP) was applied to fabricate an AZ31/CNT nano-composite for surface hardening of lightweight structural components. The effects of double-pass FSP as well as groove depth (i.e., volume fraction of CNT) on the CNT distribution, dynamically recrystallized grain size, and resulting microhardness were studied. Double-pass FSP was performed for the CNT-filled plate-type specimen with different groove depths of 2, 3, and 4 mm. By applying double-pass FSP, the average size of CNT clusters decreased, implying a more homogeneous distribution. Compared with the FSPed specimen without CNT, grain size was refined from 19 μm to 3 μm and microhardness increased from 52 Hv to 83 Hv (i.e., 71% increase).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2B; 1039-1042
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Microstructure, Fatigue Life and Tensile Properties of Aluminum 2024-T3 Alloy
Autorzy:
Şık, Aydın
Özer, Alpay
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
microstructure
fatigue life
tensile properties
Al 2024-T3
Opis:
In this study, Al 2024-T3 alloy plates were joined by using friction stir welding. Welding was performed at a rotational speed of 930, 1450, 2280 rpm and a welding feed rate of 180 mm min-1. The welded samples were analyzed at the microstructural level. Moreover, both bending fatigue tests and tensile tests were performed on samples. At the end of the microstructural examination of the samples welded at the rotational speed of 930 rpm and the welding feed rate of 180 mm min-1, the formation of tunnel defects was observed. The highest fatigue life was obtained at 2280 rpm and 180 mm min-1. The lowest fatigue life was obtained at 930 rpm and 180 mm min -1. The highest ultimate tensile stress was obtained at 2280 rpm/180 mm min-1 sample, which shows about a 12% reduction relative to the base material. The lowest ultimate tensile stress was obtained at 930 rpm/180 mm min-1 sample. The ultimate tensile stress value of the 930 rpm/180 mm min-1 sample decreased by approximately 25%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 499--505
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the notch for mechanical properties of 7020 aluminium alloy jointed by FSW
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Czechowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aluminium alloys
friction stir welding (FSW)
mechanical properties
slow-strain-rate-testing
Opis:
The article presents the results of the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy AW 7020 [AlZn5Mgl] welded by friction s tir welding FSW. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mgl [7020] alloy were presented. Analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of the FSW welded 7020 aluminum alloy. The test was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to ENISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure - T [min], obtained max. load - F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) - E [MJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen - A10 [%]; max. tensile stress - R [MPa] and contraction - Z [%]. The tests were carried out on cylindrical notch-free specimens and on specimens with "U"- notch in the air. Despite the use of "U" - notch cut in the joint, the specimens cracked in the native material. On the basis of test results were high strength properties of aluminum alloy 7020joints welded by FSW. Original values are received results of the mechanical properties of new method friction stir welded AW- 7020 [AlZn5Mgl] alloy.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 131-135
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microscopic examination of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints welded by FSW and MIG
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Charchalis, A.
Jurczak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
microscopic examination
aluminium alloys
friction stir welding (FSW)
MIG welding
grain size
Opis:
The article presents the research results of microscopic examination of friction stir welded joint (FSW) alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1). The joints welded by traditional MIG method of the same aluminium alloy were chosen as reference points. Friction stir welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of sheet metal with different types of aluminium alloys. The parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding used to join metal alloy AlZn5Mg1 (7020) were presented. Welds made using both the FSW and MIG method were checked using X-ray flaw detection and showed no welding defects. In order to determine the structural changes in the bonded joints, the samples were polished and then microetched KELLER reagent. Metallographic examination was carried out using optical microscope Axiovert ZAISS 25. To determine the grain size in the different zones of joints welded by FSW and MIG methods AxioVision 4.8.2 software was used. Metallographic examination revealed the existence of an explicit heat affected zone of HAZ in case of MIG welded joints and virtually lack thereof, in case of FSW welded joints. Microscopic examination of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints showed that the structure of the FSW welded joint is more homogeneous than the MIG welded joint. The analysis of the grain size of the characteristic zones of joints shows that in the case of joints welded by FSW the weld nugget has smaller grains than the native material. In case of the joint welded by traditional MIG method the biggest grains are in HAZ and the smallest in the native material.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 129-135
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Predicting Deformations in Aluminum Overlap Joint Produced by FSW Process
Autorzy:
Adamus, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
finite element method
friction stir welding
deformations
thin aluminum sheets
thermal cycles
Opis:
The goal of the work was to develop model of Friction Stir Welding process that predicts deformations of the joined components based on the specified heat input. In the analyzed case two overlapping aluminum sheets were welded. The top sheet had the thickness of 1.0 and the bottom sheet had the thickness of 0.6 mm. The model used Finite Element Method. Thermal mechanical coupled formulation was chosen. The heat input was estimated based on the temperature measurements in the selected points along the welding line. Heat source was calibrated to match the numerically calculated and experimentally measured thermal cycles. The calculated field of displacements in direction perpendicular to the sheet surface was selected to compare the numerical results with the actual geometry of welded sheets. The model achieved the satisfying accuracy with respect to the qualitative description of the deformations.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 13-18
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of TiC Reinforcement on Wear Resistance of Magnesium Matrix Composite by FSP
Autorzy:
Singh, Balraj
Singh, Jagdev
Singh, Ravinder Joshi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048864.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
FSP
wear behavior
surface composites
Mg composites
TiC composite
Opis:
In the current study, wear performance of pure magnesium (Mg) and composite fabricated with titanium carbide (TiC) reinforcement is investigated under various loading and sliding velocity conditions. The Mg-matrix composite is prepared by friction stir processing (FSP) carried out at optimized values of process parameters. Sliding wear tests on Mg and friction stir processed (FSPed) Mg+TiC surface composite were done on pin-on-disc configuration. The consequence of the normal load applied and sliding velocity on wear behaviour of the two materials is evaluated by performing the tests at two normal loads of 6 N and 12 N and three sliding speeds of 0.5 m/s, 1.5 m/s and 4.5 m/s. FSPed composite found to exhibit an enhanced wear resistance as compared to that of pure Mg. To get an insight into the possible types of mechanisms for wear of the composites sample under varying load and sliding speeds conditions, the worn test specimens are subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM/EDS analysis revealed that oxidation, ploughing, trailing edge and 3-body abrasive wear were the predominant mechanisms for the wear of samples at a different set of experimental conditions. The tensile strength of the FSPed surface composite was found to be 25% higher than pure Mg. Wear resistance was found to increase by about 33%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 1; 293-302
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics and Tensile-Shear Properties of Refill FSSW Joint Under Different Plunge Depths in 2060 Aluminum Alloy
Autorzy:
Wang, Yue
Chai, Peng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
refill friction stir spot welding
aluminum alloy
defect characteristics
tensile shear properties
Opis:
Refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW) was used to weld 3.2-mm-thick 2060 aluminum alloy. Joint formation, defect characteristics and tensile-shear property were analyzed. Results show that keyhole can be completely eliminated under different plunge depths. However, defects such as void, unconnected welding, hook can be observed under the plunge depths of 3.4-4 mm.The size of the overall void initially increased and then decreased with the increase of the plunge depth, while the void was the smallest under the plunge depth of 3.4 mm. The unconnected defect at the lap interface gradually shrank a welding line from obvious crack. Different hook morphologies were observed under different plunge depths. The tensile-shear load of joint increased with the increase of the plunge depth and was up to the largest under the plunge depth of 4 mm. All the tensile-shear specimens fractured along the lap interface. Compared with the void, the unconnected defect had a greater influence on the tensile-shear property.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 2; 451-460
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Process Variables on Friction Stirred Microstructure and Surface Hardness of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Autorzy:
Kim, Jae-Yeon
Hwang, Jung-Woo
Lee, Seung-Mi
Hyun, Chang-Young
Park, Ik-Keun
Byeon, Jai-Won
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir process
AZ31 alloy
diamond particle
process variable
grain size
Opis:
Effects of various friction stir processing (FSP) variables on the microstructural evolution and microhardness of the AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The processing variables include rotational and travelling speed of the tool, kind of secondphase (i.e., diamond, Al2 O3 , and ZrO2 ) and groove depth (i.e., volume fraction of second phase). Grain size, distribution of second phase particle, grain texture, and microhardness were analyzed as a function of the FSP process variables. The FSPed AZ31 com-posites fabricated with a high heat input condition showed the better dispersion of particle without macro defect. For all composite specimens, the grain size decreased and the microhardness increased regardless of the grooved depth compared with that of the FSPed AZ31 without strengthening particle, respectively. For the AZ31/diamond composite having a grain size of about 1 μm, microhardness (i.e., about 108 Hv) was about two times higher than that of the matrix alloy (i.e., about 52 Hv). The effect of second phase particle on retardation of grain growth and resulting hardness increase was discussed.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 907-911
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of a device for the production of electrovalves by High Speed Friction Welding HSFW and FSW welding
Zastosowanie do produkcji elementów elektrozaworów techniki łączenia metodą zgrzewania tarciowego wysokoobrotowego HSFW i zgrzewania FSW
Autorzy:
Miara, Damian
Matusiak, Jolanta
Pietras, Adam
Świetlik, Mateusz
Zitti, Saverio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
spawanie tarciowe
zgrzewanie tarciowe
prędkość duża
HSFW
friction welding
friction stir welding
high speed friction welding
Opis:
In order to meet the current requirements of the automotive industry, associated with the creation of a machining center for the production of cylindrical welded and turned components for the construction of solenoid valves, innovative technologies are needed for joining different materials of construction. The article presents the results of the research on the applicability, production of steel electrovalves elements in the AISI303 and 11SMnPb30 grades, an innovative solution consisting in the combination of HSFW high speed friction welding and friction welding using the FSW method. As part of the research, inter alia, a welding station, selection of the shape and dimensions of tools, selection of welding parameters for the HSFW / FSW method, and tests of mechanical properties of the resulting joints were carried out. The obtained results indicate that the obtained connections are characterized by high and reproducible quality.
W celu spełnienia obecnych wymagań branży motoryzacyjnej, związanych ze zbudowaniem centrum obróbczego do wytwarzania cylindrycznych komponentów zgrzewanych i toczonych do budowy elektrozaworów, potrzebne są innowacyjne technologie łączenia różnoimiennych materiałów konstrukcyjnych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące możliwości zastosowania, do produkcji elementów elektrozaworów ze stali w gat. AISI303 oraz 11SMnPb30, innowacyjnego rozwiązania polegającego na połączeniu technologii zgrzewania tarciowego wysokoobrotowego HSFW oraz zgrzewania tarciowego metodą FSW. W ramach badań opracowano m.in. stanowisko do zgrzewania, dokonano doboru kształtu i wymiarów narzędzi, doboru parametrów zgrzewania dla metody HSFW/FSW oraz przeprowadzono badania własności mechanicznych powstałych złączy. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że otrzymane połączenia cechują się wysoką i powtarzalną jakością.
Źródło:
Welding Technology Review; 2019, 91, 11; 33-40
0033-2364
2449-7959
Pojawia się w:
Welding Technology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructural Characterisation of Friction Stir Processed Cast AlSi9Mg Aluminium Alloy
Autorzy:
Węglowski, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cast aluminium alloy
friction stir processing
FSP
microstructure
stop aluminium
obróbka tarciowa
mikrostruktura
Opis:
Aluminium alloy castings become more popular when a refined microstructure and a uniform distribution of Si particles are easily produced. One of the technologies that can fulfil these requirements is Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Therefore, the formation of various microstructural regions during FSP of AlSi9Mg alloy has been studied. It is presented that each of the regions are characterized by unique microstructures. Prior to FSP, the microstructure of a representative as-cast aluminium alloy was composed of Al dendrites and a nonuniform distribution of Si and Fe. FSP microstructurally modified and significantly refined the as-cast material, effectively eliminating the microstructural segregation and porosity of the base material. The characteristic microstructures are reflected in the hardness distribution. The hardness of the modified area was different from the base material.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3 spec.; 75-78
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relationship between parameters of the FSP process and torque acting on a tool
Analiza zależności parametrów procesu tarciowego modyfikowania warstwy wierzchniej i momentu obrotowego narzędzia
Autorzy:
Węglowski, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175776.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
spindle torque
aluminium alloys
tarciowa modyfikacja
moment obrotowy
stopy aluminium
Opis:
The effect of rotational and travelling speeds and down force on the torque in Friction Stir Processing (FSP) process is presented. The relationship between rotational speed and torque was modelled by an exponential function. The dependence of the travelling speed and down force affecting the torque was successfully approximated by linear functions. To find a dependence combining the spindle torque acting on the tool with the rotational speed, travelling speed and down force the artificial neural networks was applied. Studies have shown that the increase of rotational speed causes the decrease of torque while the increase in the travelling speed and down force causes the increase of the torque at the same time. Tests were conducted on casting aluminium alloy AlSi9Mg. Application of FSP process resulted in a decrease of the porosity in the modified material and refined microstructure.
W pracy przedstawiono wpływ prędkości obrotowej i przesuwu oraz siły docisku na moment obrotowy w procesie modyfikowania warstw wierzchnich metodą tarcia (Friction Stir Processing – FSP). Przyjęto, że zależność pomiędzy prędkością obrotową i momentem obrotowym jest funkcją ekspotencjalną. Natomiast dla wyznaczenia zależności pomiędzy prędkością przesuwu i siłą docisku użyto funkcji liniowej. Metodą sieci neuronowych ustalono zależność wartości parametrów technologicznych i momentu obrotowego narzędzia. Analiza wyników badań wykazała, że zwiększenie prędkości obrotowej powoduje zmniejszenie momentu, natomiast wzrost prędkości przesuwu i siły docisku wzrost momentu obrotowego. W badaniach stosowano odlewniczy stop aluminium AlSi9Mg. Stosowany proces FSP spowodował zmniejszenie porowatości w modyfikowanej warstwie wierzchniej stopu oraz rozdrobnienie jego ziaren.
Źródło:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology; 2013, 37, 3; 45-55
0137-4478
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of process parameters of friction stir welded AA5082-AA7075 butt joints using resonance fatigue properties
Autorzy:
Kumar, G.
Kumar, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200299.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
dissimilar Al welding
resonance fatigue analysis
fracture surface analysis
ANOVA
Opis:
In this work, experiments were carried out to quantify the behaviour of friction stir welded (FSW) AA5082-AA7075 butt joints under tensile loading and completely reversed fatigue loading. Different samples were prepared to identify optimum tool rotational and travel speeds to produce FSW AA5082-AA7075 butt joints with the maximum fatigue life. ANOVA was performed, which confirmed that both tool speed nad tool rotation speed affect the tensile strength of the weld. The samples exhibit a considerable difference in their fatigue life and tensile strenght. This difference can be accounted to the presence of welding defects such as surface defects and porosity. S-N curve plotted for the sample shows a significantly high fatigue life at the lower stress ranges. Fracture surfaces were also analysed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Study of the fracture surface of the sample that failed under fatigue loading showed that the surface was mainly divided in two zones. The first zone was the area of fatigue crack growth where each stress cycle, slowly and gradually, helped in the growth of crack. The second zone was the region of fast fracture where the crack growth resulted in the failure of the joint instantaneously. The fracture surface study of the sample that failed under tensile loading showed that the mode of failure was ductile in nature.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2020, 68, 1; 99-108
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ parametrów technologii spajania tarciowego na właściwości mechaniczne połączeń stopu 7020
Influence of technological parameters of friction stir welding on mechanical properties of 7020 alloy joints
Autorzy:
Jurczak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/251791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
stop 7020
połączenia tarciowe
prędkość obrotowa
7020 alloy
friction stir welding
rotation speed
Opis:
W artykule przestawiono wyniki badań połączeń spajanych tarciowo okrętowego stopu 7020 w zakresie właściwości mechanicznych. Porównano wyniki tych badań dla połączeń tarciowych wykonanych technologią różniące się prędkością obrotową trzpienia. Zbyt wysoka prędkość obrotowa trzpienia spajającego powoduje nieciągłości materiałowe połączenia tarciowego w strefie zgrzeiny przez co materiał pęka w tej strefie a jego właściwości mechaniczne są niższe o 30% od prawidłowo wykonanego połączenia tarciowego.
The paper presents the results of investigation on mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of 7020 alloy intended for shipbuilding. The results have been compared for different rotation speed of the mandrel during friction stir welding. Too high rotation speed of the mandrel results in material discontinuities within the joint. This causes the material to crack in these places and its mechanical properties are deteriorated by 30% as compared to correctly accomplished joint.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2015, 12; 741-745, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of friction stir processing parameters of aluminum alloy reinforced with hybrid nanoparticles using the Taguchi method
Autorzy:
Ali, Mohammed Sultan
Al Saffar, Iman Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
stop aluminium
metoda Taguchi
tarcie
aluminum alloy
friction stir processing
nanoparticles
Taguchi method
ANOVA
Opis:
This study deals with the selection of optimum parameters for friction stir processing of Al alloy 6061-T6 reinforced with a hybrid nanoparticle (B4C and SiO2) in terms of their effect on the mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance) using Taguchi method. This work was carried out under four parameters each one running in three levels; rotational speeds (800, 1000 and 1200) rpm, travel speeds (10, 20, and 30) mm/min, holes depth (2, 2.5, and 3) mm, and mixing ratio of (SiO2/B4C) nanoparticles (1/1, 1/2, and 1/3), using L9 (34) Taguchi orthogonal array. Tensile strength and microhardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties, in addition to the wear resistance test which is carried out using a pin-on-disk device. The microstructure was examined by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the highest tensile strength (223) MPa at 1200 rpm rotational speed, 30 mm/min traverse speed, 2.5 mm holes depth, and 1/2 (SiO2/B4C) nanoparticles mixing ratio, the highest hardness reached is (155) HV, then decreases in the direction of thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ), and the base material at (1200) rpm rotational speed, (30) mm/min linear speed, a hole depth of (2) mm and (1/3) mixing ratio of (B4C/SiO2) nanoparticles. The wear behavior was of a mild type or an oxidative type at low loads (5 N), which became severe or metallic wear at higher loads (20 N) at fixed sliding time and speed. The (ANOVA) table has been used to determine which parameter is the most significant using MINITAB software.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2022, 27, 4; 13--25
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical analysis of stress and temperature in the friction stir welding (FSW) process of steel
Numeryczna analiza rozkładu naprężeń i temperatury w procesie zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem dla stali
Autorzy:
Szczecina, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wydawnictwo PŚw
Tematy:
friction stir welding
numerical modelling
Abaqus
FEMs
zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem
modelowanie numeryczne
MES
Opis:
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a modern technology for joining various metals, which has already undergone many laboratory tests, but still requires the development of numerical models. Author of the paper decided to summarize the current state of scientific knowledge regarding the modelling of the FSW process using the finite element method (FEM) and showed the main directions of development of numerical research on this process. Very advanced models are a combination of solid mechanics and fluid dynamics, but they often require expanding the computing environment with its own subroutines, as well as calibration and validation of some material parameter and constants occurring e.g. in the heat generation and heat flow laws. The Author of the paper proposed his own, simplified model, based on the computational solid mechanics and Lagrangian formulation. The model turned out to be an effective tool to reproduce stress and temperature fields during the FSW process.
Zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem (FSW) jest nowoczesną technologią łączenia różnych metali, posiadającą wiele zalet w porównaniu z tradycyjnym spawaniem. Zgrzewanie tarciowe zostało do tej pory poddane licznym badaniom laboratoryjnym, natomiast wymaga ciągłego rozwoju modeli numerycznych do symulacji tego procesu metodą elementów skończonych (MES). Autor artykułu postanowił dokonać podsumowania aktualnego stanu wiedzy dotyczącej modelowania zgrzewania tarciowego przy użyciu MES oraz wskazać główne kierunki rozwoju symulacji numerycznych tego procesu. Zaawansowane modele numeryczne zgrzewania tarciowego są kombinacją mechaniki ciała stałego z dynamiką płynów, a więc często wymagają rozbudowania środowiska obliczeniowego za pomocą własnych podprogramów, jak również kalibracji i walidacji wielu parametrów i stałych wymaganych do zdefiniowania np. prawa wytwarzania ciepła i prawa przepływu strumienia ciepła. Autor zaproponował swój własny uproszczony model bazujący na mechanice ciała stałego i opisie Lagrange’a. Model okazał się efektywnym narzędziem do odtworzenia naprężeń i pola temperatury w procesie zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem.
Źródło:
Structure and Environment; 2023, 15, 4; 196--207
2081-1500
Pojawia się w:
Structure and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Comparative Study on Ballistic Behaviour of MWCNT / Graphene Reinforced AL6061 Surface Composites Fabricated Via Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Magarajan, U.
Suresh Kumar, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27324483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
ballistic behaviour
friction stir processing
graphene
Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes
depth of penetration
Opis:
In this work, a comparative study on the ballistic behaviour of friction stir processed AL6061 targets had been made. Base Metal AL6061 (BM) plates with 25 mm thickness were friction stir processed by adding Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT) and Graphene (G), producing AL6061-MWCNT and AL6061-G surface composites. Optical microscopy and microhardness test on BM, AL6061-MWCNT and AL6061-G samples were performed as per the standard procedure. It was noticed that uniform dispersion of ceramic particles and refined grains were obtained for the friction stir processed surface composites. From the microhardness test, it was perceived that friction stir processing had induced strengthening of surface composites, hence increasing the microhardness of AL6061-MWCNT and AL6061-G by ~60.3% and ~73.6% respectively. Also, ballistic experiments were conducted at 680±10 m/s by impacting Ø7.62×51 mm projectiles. AL6063 backing plates were placed to compare the ballistic behaviours AL6061-MWCNT and AL6061-G targets by depth of penetration. It was noted that the depth of penetration of AL6061-MWCNT and AL6061-G targets were 37.81% and 65.84% lesser than the BM target. Further, from the results of Post ballistic microscopy it was observed that the microstructure near and away from the penetration channel edge looks unchanged in BM target. However, the AL6061-MWCNT and AL6061-G targets showed considerable change in their morphology, by forming Adiabatic Shear Bands.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 541--550
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Joining of AA2014 and AA5059 dissimilar aluminium alloys by Friction Stir Welding
Autorzy:
Saleh, A. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/368103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
dissimilar aluminium alloys
friction stir welding
AA2014
AA5059
stopy aluminium
zgrzewanie tarciowe
Opis:
Purpose: This work aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties achieved by FSW of butt joints, namely of dissimilar sheets namely of 2014-T3 to 5059-H11 Al alloys by bonding the two materials perpendicular to their rolling directions. Design/methodology/approach: AA 2014T3 and AA 5059H11 were two dissimilar aluminium alloys friction stir welded. The joint has been examined in terms of hardness, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The microstructure of the weld area was characterized by using optical microscopy. Seven diverse regions of the microstructure in the joint can be illustrious. Findings: It has been noticed that a structure of fine grain is formed in the nugget region as a consequence of recrystallization. The thermos mechanically affected and heat affected zones of aluminium alloy 2014 are characterized by the lowest hardness values in spite of there are a general hardness decrease through the weld zone compared to both base metals. The ultimate tensile strength values of the dissimilar joint were found to be varying between 54% to 66% those of the base metal. Research limitations/implications: The t joining in FSW takes place with the base materials remnant in the solid state, which gives a considerable possibility to produce joints between the alleged difficult-to-weld heat treatable aluminium alloys. Originality/value: The outcomes display that friction stir welding can be effectively applied for the joining of dissimilar aluminium alloys.
Źródło:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering; 2019, 97, 1; 15-20
1734-8412
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of RFSSW parameters on the load bearing capacity of aluminum 7075-T6 sheet metal joints
Autorzy:
Kluz, Rafał
Kubit, Andrzej
Wydrzyński, Dawid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103367.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
friction stir spot welding
aluminium 7075-T6
process parameters
zgrzewanie tarciowe
parametry procesu
Opis:
Friction Stir Spot Welding is one of the most contemporary methods of joining metals and alloys in their solid state. The ability to join elements made of aluminum alloys allows for utilizing this method in the manufacturing of aircraft structures while lowering the work load, costs, and weight, without sacrificing or even having better strength parameters than classic methods of joining elements. It ensures constant joint parameters, however it requires the use of optimal welding parameters such as: the rotational speed of the tool, tool delve depth, and welding time. The work presents the results of experiments conducted on 7074 aluminum sheet metal that was 1.8 and 0.8 mm thick, which conducted in accordance with the PS/DK32 research plan. The welding tests were done on a dedicated spot welding machine, while the strength tests consisted of static tensile strength tests. In the final part of the article contains an analysis and interpretation of the results.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2018, 12, 2; 35-41
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical properties of AW-5083 alloy joints welded by hybrid method : FSW and MIG
Autorzy:
Dudzik, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
hybrid welding
Friction Stir Welding
FSW
welding
MIG
aluminium alloys
joints
mechanical properties
shipbuilding
Opis:
The article presents the research results on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy AW-5083 and its joints welded by hybrid method – traditional MIG and FSW. AW-5083 alloy is the most currently used in shipbuilding industry. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt-welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods i.e. MIG or TIG. Hybrid welding (FSW with MIG or TIG) could be used in cases when joining only by FSW is not possible. Welding parameters used for the connection of the sheets were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct construction of structural bonded joints. The research was carried out using a static tensile test in accordance with the requirements of the Standard PN-EN ISO 4136:2013-05. Flat samples cut perpendicular to the direction of rolling were used. The research was conducted at the temperature of +20ºC. The test shows that the mechanical properties of joints made by hybrid method compered to native material were lower. The tensile strength of joint was lower by 20% then native material 5083 while its yield stress was lower only about 6%. The biggest change was observed in case of plastic properties. Elongation of joint was over 50% lower compared to native material. Despite the decrease of mechanical properties, they meets the requirements of classification societies, so the conclusion is that hybrid method (FSW and MIG) of joining AW-5083 can be applied in shipbuilding industry.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 47-52
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High Cycle Fatigue Performance of Hollow-Extruded 6005A-T6 Aluminum Alloy Characterized by a Layered Microstructure
Autorzy:
Ma, Zhongwei
Ma, Lin
Xu, Bo
Dan, Chuchen
He, Zhaokun
Wang, Yue
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
hollow-extruded 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy
fatigue
fracture
microstructure
Opis:
Sound joint of hollow-extruded 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy was achieved by friction stir welding and its high cycle fatigue performance was mainly investigated. As a result, the joint fatigue limit reaches 128.1 MPa which is 55% of the joint tensile strength. The fatigue fracture mainly occurs at the boundary between the stir zone and thermo-mechanically affected zone due to the large difference in the grain size. This difference is caused by the layered microstructure of the base material. The shell pattern with parallel arcs is the typical morphology in the fracture surface and the distance between arcs is increased with the increase of stress level. The specimen with the fracture located in the stir zone possesses a relatively low fatigue life.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 285-292
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental Analysis of FSW Process Forces
Autorzy:
Balawender, Tadeusz
Myśliwiec, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
aluminum alloy 2024
magnesium alloy AZ31
force measurement
welding force
Opis:
This paper presents the results of research work on linear friction stir welding (FSW) of magnesium AZ31 and aluminum 2024 alloys. During the FSW process, forces exerted by a tool on joined materials were measured. The measurements of forces were taken in three directions, vertical (Z axis) and horizontal (X and Y axes) directions, using high-sensitive piezoelectric dynamometer. The force analysis was done for three stages of welding process: plunging, dwelling, and welding. Conclusions regarding the force reaction of materials to be welded were formulated. It was found that the first two stages of the process, plunging and dwelling, are very important for the correct welding. In the plunging stage, a tool exerts the greatest forces and unit pressures (at the Z direction) on joined materials; during the dwelling stage, thermal conditions of the process are established. The welding stage was divided into two substages: the initial unstable and the subsequent long-term stabilized one.
Źródło:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology; 2020, 44, 2; 51-56
0137-4478
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The possibility of application thermography method for controlling friction stir welding of AW-5083 aluminium alloy sheets
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
Friction Stir Welding
FSW
thermography
monitoring
5xxx aluminium alloy
shipbuilding
termografia
monitorowanie
okrętownictwo
Opis:
The article presents the research results of thermography method used for monitoring process of friction stir welding of sheets made of AW-5083 aluminium alloy. Nowadays monitoring the temperature is used in many fields of science, including in the diagnosis of machining and joining processes such as turning, grinding, milling, welding, etc. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt-welding of different types of aluminium alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods i.e. MIG or TIG. The joining process was carried out on laboratory stand built on the basis of universal milling machine FWA-31. The parameters of joining AW-5083 alloy sheets chosen after optimization of the FSW process were presented. For determining temperature and its distribution in tool-workpieces contact area, noncontact infrared method was chosen. Infrared camera ThermoGear G100 produced by NEC Avio Infrared Technologies Co., Ltd. was used. The camera has two measuring ranges defined: -40-+120°C and 0-500°C. Average value of the temperature between the tool and joined metal sheets was about 380°C in case when correct parameters of welding were chosen. Controlling the temperature allow catch the moment when the material of joined sheets is plasticized (370°C ) which is best to start the linear moving of the tool and the same start of welding. The study can be the basis for the use of thermography method to monitor the process and determine the parameters of the friction stir welding for obtaining a high quality joint.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 121-127
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Joint Formation and Mechanical Properties of 2060 Aluminum Alloy Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding Joint
Autorzy:
Shang, Zhen
Zuo, Yingying
Ji, Shude
Wang, Yue
Chai, Peng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
refill friction stir spot welding
2060 aluminum alloys
plunge depth
defect characteristics
mechanical properties
Opis:
Refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) was used to weld the 2060 aluminum alloy with 2 mm thickness. Joint formation, defect characteristics and mechanical properties were investigated. Results show that stir zone (SZ) is clarified into dynamic recrystallization zone (DRZ) and heat extruded zone (HEZ) due to different microstructural features. The size of void near the hook tip decreases with the increase of the plunge depth. Different hook morphologies are obtained under different plunge depths. The tensile-shear load of joint with the void defect initially decreases and then increases with increasing plunge depth. The mean loads of joints under different plunge depths are in the range of 5.1-5.8 kN. The void separates the hook from lap interface, so the cracks initiating from the hook propagate along the sleeve retreating path. The hook has a larger influence on the tensile-shear load of joint than void. All the tensile specimens present a shear-plug fracture mode.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 153-161
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative Study of 2060-T8 Al-Li Alloy Friction Stir Welded Joints Between Natural Cooling and Water Cooling
Autorzy:
Ma, Lin
Niu, Shiyu
Ji, Shude
Gong, Peng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
2060-T8 Al-Li alloy
friction stir welding
water cooling
microstructure
mechanical properties
Opis:
2060-T8 Al-Li alloy was friction stir butt welded under natural and water cooling conditions. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the welding joints were mainly compared and discussed. By spraying water on the top surface of stir zone, the grain size was reduced, attributing to the improvement of microhardness. The maximum tensile strength under the water cooling reached 461.1 MPa. The joint fractured at the stir zone due to the thickness reduction and the joint softening. The fracture surface consisted of many dimples with various sizes, indicating the typical ductile fracture. The strategy to apply the low heat input at the welding stage and high cooling rate at the cooling stage during FSW is necessary to obtain a high-quality FSW joint.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 305-312
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of friction stir processing (FSP) on microstructure and hardness of AlMg10/SiC composite
Autorzy:
Iwaszko, J.
Kudła, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
AlMg10/SiC composite
microstructure
kompozyt AlMg10/SiC
mikrostruktura
FSP
Opis:
The AlMg10 aluminum alloy reinforced with SiC particles was subjected to friction stir processing (FSP). The composite was made by mechanical mixing and gravity casting. The mass fraction of SiC particles in the composite was about 10%. Evaluation of the effects of FSP treatment was performed by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, EDS and hardness measurement. It was found that the inhomogeneous distribution of SiC particles and their agglomeration, which were observable in the cast composite, were completely eliminated after FSP modification. The treatment was also accompanied by homogenisation of the material in the mixing zone as well as fragmentation of both the matrix grain of the composite and SiC particles. In the case of SiC particles, a change in their shape was also observed. In the as-cast composite, particles with dimensions from 30 to 60 μm and a sharp-edged polyhedral shape prevailed, while in the material subjected to friction treatment, particles with dimensions from 20 to 40 μm and a more equiangular shape prevailed. Pores and other material discontinuities occurring frequently in the as-cast composite were completely eliminated after friction modification. The recorded changes in the microstructure of the material were accompanied by an increase in the hardness of the composite by nearly 35%. The conducted investigations have shown that FSP modification of the AlMg10/SiC composite made by the casting method leads to favorable microstructural changes in the surface layer and may be an alternative solution to other methods and technologies used in surface engineering.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2019, 67, 2; 185-192
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identifying Optimal Friction Stir Welding Process Parameters for 2024 Al Alloy Butt Joints
Autorzy:
Kluz, Rafał
Bucior, Magdalena
Kubit, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
design of an experiment
friction stir welding
aluminum alloy
projekt eksperymentu
zgrzewanie tarciowe
stop aluminium
Opis:
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process used to join metals and their alloys. The main goal of this paper was to select the optimal welding parameters such as: rotational speed and the feed rate of the tool. The article presents the results of the tests on welding 1 mm thick 2024 aluminum sheet according to the statistical 3-level completed plan PS/DK 32. The rotational speed of the tool varied within the range of 1100–1300 rpm and the feed rate within the range of 40–60 mm/min. For these parameters, the analyses of the experiment repeatability, impact significance and adequacy of equations were conducted.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2019, 13, 4; 48-53
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation on Evolution of Microstructures and Characterization During FSW of AZ80A Mg Alloy
Autorzy:
Sevvel, P.
Jaiganesh, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
AZ80A Mg alloy
friction stir welding
grain structure
material flow
tool pin geometry
Opis:
Experimental investigation was conducted to find out microstructural characteristic changes arising in the weldments AZ80A Mg alloys obtained using the friction stir welding. Tools with three different pin profile geometries were employed during this investigation at constant tool rotational speed and feed rate. Tensile tests are performed and the tensile fracture surfaces are examined using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the obtained SEM images are used for microstructural investigations. From the experimental results, it was observed that the geometry of the tool pin plays a significant role in producing essential stirring action there by regulating the flow of the plasticized material and leading to the formation of small sized grains having equally distributed fine strengthening precipitates. These structured grains have a direct reflecting impact in increasing the hardness and mechanical properties of the fabricated joints at the nugget zone of the friction stir welded AZ80A Mg alloy joints.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1779-1785
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhancing the Strength of Al/Mg Dissimilar Friction Stir Lap Welded Joint by Zn Filler Addition Combined with an Appropriate Heat Input
Autorzy:
Zhao, Huaxia
Gong, Peng
Ji, Shude
Gong, Xue
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048795.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir lap welding
Al/Mg dissimilar alloys
Zn filler
heat input
tensile shear load
Opis:
7075-T6 Al and AZ31B Mg dissimilar alloys were friction stir lap welded with or without a Zn filler, and the effect of heat input on the joint quality was systematically studied. The experimental and finite element simulation results displayed that the formation characteristics and microstructures of the joint with or without the Zn filler were significantly affected by the heat input. The tensile shear load of joint with or without the Zn filler increased first and then decreased with the decrease of the welding speed from 200 to 50 mm/min. Moreover, the peak temperature in the stir zone was significantly decreased by the Zn filler addition, and the high temperature zone narrowed along the plate thickness direction. These changes of heat input made that longer mixing region boundary length and larger effective lap width were attained as the Zn filler was used. In addition, due to the replacement of Al-Mg intermetallic compounds (IMCs) by Al-Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn IMCs which were less harmful to the joint, the tensile shear load of the joint with the Zn filler was obviously enhanced compared to that of the joint without the Zn filler at each welding speed. The maximum tensile shear load of 7.2 kN was obtained at the welding speed of 100 mm/min.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 1; 137-146
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regression modeling and neural computing for predicting the ultimate tensile strength of friction stir welded aerospace aluminium alloy
Autorzy:
Mishra, Akshansh
Vance, Jonathan Ve
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/95289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
artificial neural networks
regression model
friction stir welding
sztuczne sieci neuronowe
model regresji
zgrzewanie tarciowe
Opis:
AA7075 is an aluminum alloy which is almost as strong as steel, yet it weighs just one third as much. Unfortunately its use has been limited, due to the fact that pieces of it could not be securely welded together by the traditional welding process. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process overcomes the limitations of conventional welding process. In our present work we have used Artificial Neural Network which is Artificial Intelligence based technique used for prediction purpose. The main objective of our present work is to compare the predicted results of the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of Friction Stir welded similar joints through Regression modeling and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling. It was observed that the linear regression algorithm is able to make more accurate predictions compared to neural network algorithm for small dataset.
Źródło:
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering; 2019, 3, 3; 221-226
2544-0780
2544-1671
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Volume Percentage of Reinforcement on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al6061-T6/SiC Surface Composite Fabricated Through Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Ansari, Abdul Jabbar
Anas, Mohd
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
friction stir processing
AMMCs
aluminium metal matrix composite
silicon carbide
microstructure
surface composites
composite material
Opis:
In this research, aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have been manufactured through friction stir processing (FSP) by reinforcing nano-sized SiC particles in an Al6061-T6 alloy. The consequences of the volume percentage of reinforced SiC particles on mechanical properties and microstructural features were analyzed for the developed AMMCs. Microstructural evaluation of a cross-section of a friction stir processed (FSPed) sample has been conducted through Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. Microhardness tests were conducted athwart the cross section of FSPed specimen to obtain microhardness feature. A tensile test of FSPed samples has been conducted on a universal testing machine (UTM). Homogeneous distributions of SiC particles were found in the stir zone without any consolidation of particles. The size of the reinforcement particles was decreased slightly by increasing the volume fraction. It has been found that increasing the volume fraction of SiC particles, enhance the tensile strength and microhardness, but decreases the ductility of the aluminium. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness were obtained as 390 MPa and 150.71 HV, respectively, at 12% volume percentage of reinforcement particles. UTS and microhardness of the FSPed Al/SiC have been improved by 38.29% and 59.48% respectively as compared to Al6061-T6. The brittle nature of the FSPed Al/SiC has increased due to a rise in the volume fraction of nanosized SiC particles, which causes a decrease in ductility.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2023, 17, 2; 247--257
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Friction Stir Processing of an AlSi6Cu4 cast aluminium alloy
Badanie procesu tarciowej modyfikacji warstw wierzchnich z mieszaniem materiału odlewniczego stopu aluminium AlSi6Cu4
Autorzy:
Węglowski, M. S.
Dymek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
surface treatment
Friction Stir Processing
die casting
aluminium alloy
obróbka powierzchniowa
odlewnictwo ciśnieniowe
stop aluminium
Opis:
The present paper deals with the Friction Stir Processing (FSP) of an AlSi6Cu4 cast aluminium alloy. The emphasis was placed on the determination of an influence FSP parameters and the torque action on the tool. It was found that an increase in rotational speed of the tool causes a decrease in the torque. Simultaneously, the results showed that an increase in travelling speed of the tool brings about an increase in the torque. The metallographic examination of the processed surface layer of the material has shown that the depth of the layer in which the microstructure was modified by the shoulder action depends to a large extent on the rotation speed and to a lesser extent on the travelling speed.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań procesu FSP prowadzonego na odlewniczym stopie aluminium AlSi6Cu4. Badania obejmowały określenie wpływu warunków prowadzenia procesu na wartość momentu działającego na narzędzie. Wyniki badań wykazały, że wzrost prędkości obrotowej narzędzia powoduje zmniejszenie momentu działającego na nie. Równocześnie wykazano, iż wzrost prędkości przesuwu narzędzia powoduje wzrost momentu. Z badań metalograficznych wynika, że głębokość oddziaływania narzędzia w dużym stopniu zależy od prędkości obrotowej narzędzia, a w mniejszym od prędkości jego przesuwu.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 2 spec.; 213-216
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Features of 2017A and AlSi9Mg aluminum alloys friction stir welded with root-side heating
Właściwości stopów 2017A i AlSi9Mg zgrzewanych metodą friction stir welding z podgrzewaniem grani zgrzeiny
Autorzy:
Mroczka, K.
Pietras, A.
Jura, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
aluminum alloys
friction stir welding
heating
structure
mechanical properties
stopy aluminium
nagrzewanie
struktura
właściwości mechaniczne
Opis:
Aluminum alloys 2017A and AlSi9Mg (hypo-eutectic silumin) were friction stir welded with a relatively high linear velocity (over 1 m/min) and use of an additional heat source from the root side of the weld. Macrostructure investigation (with high-resolution images) showed no effect of heating on weld quality. The welding process caused significant fragmentation of the secondary phases in the AlSi9Mg alloy. Furthermore, it was proven that the material above the weld nugget was not mixed and contained micro-defects that were not caused by welding. Also, it contained cavities on the boundaries between Si-particles and the matrix. Based on hardness distribution, a slight strengthening of the cast alloy was observed at the bottom and middle parts of the weld. However, the hardness of the 2017A alloy initially decreased and then increased due to natural aging. This means that the FSW process produced a metastable state in the alloy.
Stop aluminium 2017A i podeutektyczny silumin AlSi9Mg zgrzewano, stosując metodę friction stir welding (FSW). Zastosowano dużą prędkość liniową, powyżej 1 m/min, oraz dodatkowe podgrzewanie grani zgrzeiny. Badania makrostruktury wykazały brak wpływu podgrzewania na jakość złącza. Proces zgrzewania spowodował znaczną fragmentację faz występujących w stopie AlSi9Mg. Ponadto udowodniono, że materiał występujący powyżej jądra zgrzeiny nie jest mieszany i może zawierać mikrodefekty, które nie powstały w wyniku zgrzewania. Zaobserwowano również nieciągłości na granicach cząstek Si/osnowa. Na podstawie rozkładu twardości stwierdzono niewielkie umocnienie stopu odlewniczego pośrodku dolnej części zgrzeiny. Natomiast twardość stopu 2017A najpierw zmalała, a następnie wzrosła w wyniku starzenia naturalnego. To oznacza, że proces zgrzewania wytworzył metastabilny stan tego stopu.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2016, 42, 2; 105-115
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure and properties of friction stir butt-welded magnesium casting alloys
Struktura i właściwości odlewniczych stopów magnezu zgrzewanych doczołowo metodą FSW
Autorzy:
Miara, D.
Pietras, A.
Mroczka, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351587.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
odlewnicze stopy magnezu
zgrzewanie tarciowe
zgrzewanie FSW
friction stir welding
FSW welding
cast magnesium alloy
Opis:
The article presents results of testing the quality of FSW welded joints made in plates of various magnesium casting alloys, including MCMgAl9Zn1 (AZ91), MCMgRe3Zn2Zr (ZRE1), MCMgRe2Ag2Zr (MSR-B) and MCMgY4Re3Zr (WE43). In this paper, all results for magnesium casting alloy AZ91 are presented, whereas for other alloys (ZRE1, MSR-B and WE43) only selected testing results for best parameters have been chosen and shown. Butt joints were produced on the friction welding machine built on the base of the conventional vertical milling machine. Quality assessment included the visual inspection, temperature measurements in welding region, tensile strength testing, analysis of the weld structure, hardness, weld force and torque measurements. Research aimed at the recognition of the FSW abilities to weld cast magnesium alloys, the influence of the welding conditions on the welds' properties as well as their structures. The research results have revealed that cast magnesium alloys are weldable using FSW process - it is possible to produce joints of very good quality in relatively narrow range of parameters and the strength of the joints is satisfactory. In order to acquire joints of the best quality it is recommended that workpieces should be rigidly clamped and the welding speed should be limited. The best mechanical properties have been obtained for friction with rotation speed of 355 rpm.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości złączy, wykonanych metodą zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem materiału zgrzeiny (FSW), odlewniczych stopów magnezu MCMgAl9Zn1 (AZ91), MCMgRe3Zn2Zr (ZRE1), MCMgRe2Ag2Zr (MSR-B), MCMgY4Re3Zr (WE43). Złącza wykonywano na zgrzewarce zbudowanej na bazie frezarki konwencjonalnej. Ocenę jakości złączy przeprowadzono w oparciu o badania wizualne, pomiary temperatury obszaru zgrzewania, badania szczelności złączy metodą penetracyjną, badania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie, analizę budowy strukturalnej zgrzein, badania twardości. Celem badań było poznanie możliwości zgrzewania FSW odlewniczych stopów magnezu, wpływu warunków zgrzewania na własności złączy oraz budowę strukturalną zgrzein. Wyniki badań wskazują na dobrą zgrzewalność odlewniczych stopów magnezu metodą FSW - poprawne złącza można uzyskać w stosunkowo wąskim zakresie parametrów zgrzewania, a wytrzymałość tych złączy jest zadowalająca. W celu uzyskania złączy o najwyższej jakości elementy muszą być dociśnięte do siebie, a proces zgrzewania nie może być prowadzony z nadmierną prędkością. Najlepsze własności wytrzymałościowe uzyskano prowadząc proces tarcia z prędkością obrotową narzędzia 355 obr/min.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2011, 56, 3; 749-758
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical and microstructural properties of EN AW-6060 aluminum alloy joints produced by friction stir welding
Autorzy:
Küçükrendeci, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202032.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
microstructure
mechanical properties
aluminum alloys
spawanie
tarcie
mikrostruktury
właściwości mechaniczne
stopy aluminium
Opis:
In the study, the mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded EN AW-6060 Aluminum Alloy plates were investigated. The friction stir welding (FSW) was conducted at tool rotational speeds of 900, 1250, and 1500 rpm and at welding speeds of 100, 150 and 180 mm/min. The effect of the tool rotational and welding speeds such properties was studied. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by means of micro-hardness (HV) and tensile tests at room temperature. The tensile properties of the friction stir welded tensile specimens depend significantly on both the tool rotational and welding speeds. The microstructural evolution of the weld zone was analysed by optical observations of the weld zones.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2015, 63, 2; 475-478
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Possibilities of Improving the Selected Properties Surface Layer of Butt Joints Made Using the FSW Method
Autorzy:
Bucior, Magdalena
Kluz, Rafał
Kubit, Andrzej
Ochał, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
śrutowanie
zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem
2024
stop aluminium
shot peening
FSW (friction stir welding)
aluminum alloy
Opis:
The paper presents the results pertaining to an analysis on the influence of technological parameters of pneumatic shot peening technology on the selected properties of a surface layer of butt joints made with Friction stir weld‑ ing (FSW) method. Butt joints made of two 2024‑T3 aluminum alloy sheets with the thickness of 1 mm were shot peened with glass beads. The experiments were carried out according to the statistical 3‑level completed plan PS/DC 32 . The technological parameters were changed in the range: pressure p = 0.4–0.6 MPa and peening time t = 1–3 min. As a result of the conducted research, adequate equations describing the effect of the analyzed parameters on the surface roughness were obtained. Shot peening with glass beads significantly reduced the sur‑ face roughness from Ra = 5.2 µm to Ra = 1.42 µm. This treatment provides high compressive residual stresses and the increase of the surface layer hardness. The results show that shot peening is a highly efficient and cost‑effective mechanical treatment used for improving the mechanical properties of the butt joints made with the FSW method.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2020, 14, 1; 1-9
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of a repair process for manmade structures in space by using aluminium brazing and friction stir spot welding
Opracowanie procesu naprawy konstrukcji w przestrzeni kosmicznej za pomocą lutowania aluminium i zgrzewania tarciowego punktowego z przemieszaniem
Autorzy:
Koehler, Tobias
Yu, Cheng-Nien
Schmidt, Kiril
Graetzel, Michael
Wu, Yangyang
Bergmann, Jean Pierre
Sekulic, Dusan P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
regeneracja
naprawa
lutowanie aluminium
zgrzewanie punktowe
mieszanie tarciowe
remanufacturing
repair
aluminium brazing
friction stir
spot welding
Opis:
Small-sized parts and micrometeoroids’ impacts represent an increasing threat to artificial components/structures. The damages caused by them can be fixed using e.g., mechanical fixture with epoxy adhesive. However, the repair process is costly and only intended for a temporary fixing the penetration. In order to increase the life time of the repair, an approach for a more reliable process using similar materials is needed. The objective of this work is to develop a process for repairing manmade structures in space by generating joint properties similar to the base material. In this work, two approaches for repairing complex structures were considered. The first approach aims to fill a hole using liquid aluminium phases by brazing, and the second approach aims to fill the holes by a solid-state process (friction stir spot welding). In this study, different binding mechanisms of these two approaches were analyzed preliminarily by means of mechanical and/or metallographic characterization under terrestrial, controlled atmosphere conditions. Both concepts are proven feasible under these conditions. It has been shown that it is possible to realize a good filling of the hole with the investigated materials and under selected process conditions with both presented concepts.
Uderzenia małych części i mikrometeorytów stanowią rosnące zagrożenie dla sztucznych komponentów/struktur. Uszkodzenia przez nie spowodowane można naprawić np. za pomocą mechanicznego osprzętu z klejem epoksydowym. Proces naprawy jest jednak kosztowny i służy jedynie do tymczasowego zatrzymania penetracji. W celu zwiększenia żywotności naprawy potrzebne jest podejście do bardziej niezawodnego procesu z wykorzystaniem podobnych materiałów. Celem tej pracy jest opracowanie procesu naprawy sztucznych konstrukcji w przestrzeni kosmicznej poprzez generowanie właściwości połączeń podobnych do materiału podstawowego. W pracy tej rozważono dwa podejścia do naprawy złożonych konstrukcji. Pierwsze podejście ma na celu wypełnienie otworu za pomocą faz ciekłego aluminium przez lutowanie, a drugie podejście ma na celu wypełnienie otworów metodą półprzewodnikową (zgrzewanie tarciowe punktowe z przemieszaniem). W tym badaniu wstępnie przeanalizowano różne mechanizmy wiązania tych dwóch podejść za pomocą mechanicznej i/lub metalograficznej charakterystyki w warunkach kontrolowanej atmosfery ziemskiej. Obie koncepcje okazały się wykonalne w tych warunkach. Wykazano, że możliwe jest prawidłowe wypełnienie otworu badanymi materiałami oraz w wybranych warunkach procesu przy obu przedstawionych koncepcjach.
Źródło:
Welding Technology Review; 2019, 91, 9; 39-49
0033-2364
2449-7959
Pojawia się w:
Welding Technology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental study and response surface methodology for investigation of FSP process
Badanie procesu FSP poprzez badania doświadczalne i metodę powierzchni odpowiedzi
Autorzy:
Węglowski, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139578.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir processing
aluminum alloy
response surface methodology
proces tarcia z przemieszaniem
stop aluminium
metodologia powierzchni odpowiedzi
Opis:
The article presents the effect of rotational and travelling speed and down force on the spindle torque acting on the tool in Friction Stir Processing (FSP) process. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find a dependence combining the spindle torque acting on the tool with the rotational speed, travelling speed and the down force. The linear and quadratic models with interaction between parameters were used. A better fitting was achieved for a quadratic model. The studies have shown that the increase in rotational speed causes a decrease in the torque while the increase in travelling speed and down force causes an increase in the torque. The tests were conducted on casting aluminium alloy AlSi9Mg. Metallography examination has revealed that the application of FSP process results in a decrease in the porosity in the modified material and microstructure refining in the stir zone. The segregation of Si and Fe elements was evident in the parent material, while in the friction stir processed area this distribution was significantly uniform.
W pracy przedstawiono wpływ prędkości obrotowej i przesuwu narzędzia oraz siły docisku na moment obrotowy działający na narzędzia w procesie tarciowej modyfikacji z mieszaniem materiału (FSP). Do wyznaczenia zależności pomiędzy momentem a prędkościami obrotową i przesuwu oraz siłą docisku wykorzystano metodę powierzchni odpowiedzi. Wykorzystano modele liniowy i kwadratowy uwzględniające interakcje pomiędzy parametrami wejściowymi. Lepsze dopasowanie zapewnił model kwadratowy. Wyniki badań wykazały, iż wzrost prędkości obrotowej narzędzia powoduje zmniejszenie momentu działającego na narzędzie, natomiast wzrost prędkości przesuwu i siły docisku powoduje wzrost momentu. Badania były przeprowadzone na odlewniczym stopie aluminium AlSi9Mg. Badania metalograficzne ujawniły, że zastosowanie procesu FSP powoduje rozdrobnienie ziarna oraz redukcję porowatości w obszarze mieszania. Wyraźna segregacja Si i Fe w materiale rodzimym została wyeliminowana, a rozkład pierwiastków jest bardziej jednorodny.
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2014, LXI, 4; 539-552
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental study of the temperature distribution and microstructure of plunge stage in friction stir welding process by the tool with triangle pin
Badania eksperymentalne rozkładu temperatury i mikrostruktury materiału w etapie zagłębiania procesu spawania tarciowego z przemieszaniem z wykorzystaniem narzędzia o trójkątnym trzpieniu
Autorzy:
Bisadi, H.
Rasaee, S.
Farahmand, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
plunge stage
triangle pin
temperature distribution
spawanie tarciowe
etap zagłębiania
trójkątny trzpień
rozkład temperatury
Opis:
Considering the developing role of the friction stir welding in manufacturing industry, a complete study on the process is necessary. Studies on each stage of the process in particular, provide a better understanding of friction stir welding, and specially friction stir spot welding. In this study, plunge stage has been studied by experimental methods for investigating the temperature distribution around the tool during the plunge stage and microstructure changes of the workpiece. Experiments were performed on aluminium 7050 plates with coincident measurement of temperature. In the study, the tool which has a triangle pin is used. The results of this study are used as initial conditions for theoretical analysis of welding process. The results show that the temperature distribution around the tool is quite asymmetric. The asymmetric distribution of temperature is due to nonuniform load distribution underneath the tool and tilt angle of it. The temperatures of the points behind the tool are higher compared with points located forward the tool. Microstructural studies showed that four regions with different microstructures are formed around the tool during the process. These areas were separated based on differences in grain size and elongations. Grains near the tool are elongated in a particular direction that show the material flow direction.
Z uwagi na rozwojową rolę spawania tarciowego z przemieszaniem w przemyśle wytwórczym niezbędne jest całościowe badanie tego procesu. W szczególności, badania poszczególnych etapów procesu umożliwiają lepsze zrozumienie właściwości spawania tarciowego, zwłaszcza punktowego spawania tarciowego z przemieszaniem. W pracy badano metodami eksperymentalnymi etap zagłębiania w celu wyznaczenia rozkładu temperatury wokół narzędzia i zmian w mikrostrukturze elementu spawanego. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono na płytach z aluminium 7050, wykonując jednoczesne pomiary temperatury. W badaniach użyto narzędzia o trójkątnym trzpieniu. Wyniki badań są wykorzystane jako warunki początkowe dla teoretycznej analizy procesu spawania. Wyniki pokazują, że rozkład temperatury wokół narzędzia jest wyraźnie asymetryczny. Asymetria ta jest wynikiem nierównomiernego rozkładu nacisku pod narzędziem oraz pochylenia narzędzia pod określonym kątem. Temperatury w punktach poza narzędziem były wyższe niż te w punktach przed nim. Badania mikrostruktury ujawniły istnienie czterech obszarów, o różnych mikrostrukturach, które formują się wokół narzędzia w trakcie procesu. Obszary te wyróżniają się rozmiarami i kształtem ziaren. Ziarna w pobliżu narzędzia są wydłużone w określonym kierunku, który wskazuje kierunek płynięcia materiału.
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2014, LXI, 3; 483-493
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of tool wear on the quality of lap joints between 7075 t6 aluminum alloy sheet metal created with the FSW method
Wpływ zużycia narzędzia na jakość połączeń zakładkowych blach ze stopu Aluminium 7075 T6 wykonanych metodą FSW
Autorzy:
Burek, R.
Wydrzyński, D.
Sęp, J.
Więckowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
FSW
Al 7075 T6 alloy
zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem
Al 7075 T6
Opis:
The article concerns the issues of tool wear effect on the quality of a friction stir welding joint quality. The experiment used aluminum alloy 7075 T6 sheet metal, which is used primarily in the aerospace industry. 1.0mm and 0.8mm thick lap joints were tested. Tool wear was determined based on multiple readings on a multisensory machine. The tool wear evaluation was done on the basis of a static tensile strength test and metallographic sections of the joints. The pin of the tool works in more demanding conditions and is more exposed to friction. This results from tooling operations performed at full depth dive in the jointed material. When also considering the small dimensions of the pin such as the diameter and the great forces occurring in this process, it is easy to see why this element is most susceptible to tool wear. The welding process causes the tool to undergo friction wear, which is the cause of reduced tool dive depth in the jointed material. As a result, it is paramount to constantly control the tool extension to achieve the desired quality parameters of the joint. After creating 200m of joints, a decrease in the strength of joints was observed as well as the repeatability of the results connected to a change in the stirring conditions in the material. The change in joint strength and tool wear is also confirmed in the metallographic analysis, which states that the continued degradation of the tool makes it subject to a decrease in size of the characteristic sizes of the thermoplastic zone that is the main determining factor of the joint strength.
Opracowanie podejmuje problematykę wpływu zużycia narzędzia na jakość zgrzeiny otrzymanej metodą zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem FSW. Do badań użyto stopu aluminium Al 7075 T6, stosowanego głównie w przemyśle lotniczym. Badano połączenia zakładkowe blach o grubości 1,0mm i 0,8mm. Zużycie narzędzia oceniano na podstawie pomiarów na maszynie multisensorycznej. Ocenę wpływu zużycia przeprowadzono w oparciu o statyczną próbę rozciągania oraz analizę zgładów metalograficznych wykonanych połączeń.Trzpień narzędzia pracuje w trudniejszych warunkach i jest bardziej narażony na ścieranie. Wynika to z pracy przy pełnym zagłębieniu w łączonym materiale. Zważywszy również na stosunkowo małe wymiary trzpienia tj. jego średnicę i duże siły występujące w procesie to ten element jest najbardziej narażony na zużycie. W procesie zgrzewania narzędzie ulega zużyciu ściernemu, co jest powodem zmniejszania zagłębienia narzędzia w materiale łączonym. W związku z powyższym konieczna jest ciągła kontrola wysunięcia narzędzia dla uzyskania pożądanych parametrów jakościowych zgrzeiny. Po wykonaniu 200m zgrzeiny zauważono zmniejszenie wytrzymałości zgrzeiny, jak również powtarzalności wyników związany ze zmianą warunków mieszania materiału. Zmiana wytrzymałości zgrzeiny oraz zużycia narzędzia ma również potwierdzenie w badaniach metalograficznych, z których wynika, iż w związku z postępującą degradacją narzędzia zmniejszeniu ulegają wymiary charakterystyczne strefy termo–plastycznej odpowiedzialnej w główniej mierze za wytrzymałość zgrzeiny.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2018, 20, 1; 100-106
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Friction Stir Welding of Ultrathin AA2024-T3 Aluminum Sheets Using Ceramic Tool
Autorzy:
Myśliwiec, P.
Śliwa, R. E.
Ostrowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
aluminum alloys
ceramic tools
FSW force measurements
low-cycle fatigue test
FSW joint durability
Opis:
The paper presents the results of research work on linear FSW (Friction Stir Welding) joining aluminum alloys AA2024-T3 of 0.5 mm in thickness. The study was conducted on properly adapted numerical controlled 3 axis milling machine using a ceramic tool and special designed fastening device. The tool dimensions have been estimated according to the algorithm shown in the literature [4]. All joints were made of end-to end (butt) configuration under different welding speed. The rotational speed of the tool and tool offset was constant. The effect of selected technological parameters on the quality of the joint was analyzed. Produced butt joint have been subjected to a static tensile testing to identify mechanical features of the materials of joints compared to parent materials. Measurements of micro hardness HV in the plastically formed stir zone of joint and in the parent material have been carried out. Axial and radial welding forces in the joining region were recorded during the tests and their dependency from the welding parameters was studied. Based on the results of strength tests the efficiency of joints for sheets of 0.5 mm in thicknesses oscillated up to 96% compared to the parent material. It has been found that for given parameters the correct, free of defects joints were obtained. The paper also presents the results of low-cycle fatigue tests of obtained FSW joints. The use of a ceramic tool in the FSW process allows to obtain welds with higher strength than conventional tools. The results suggests that FSW can be potentially applied to joining aluminum alloys.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1385-1394
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Własności złączy zgrzewanych punktowo metodą zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem FSSW i RFSSW
The properties of spot-welded joints produced by the FSSW and RFSSW methods
Autorzy:
Kudła, K.
Wojsyk, K.
Adamus, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/211548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
zgrzewanie tarciowe punktowe z przemieszaniem
aluminium
parametry procesu
narzędzie
friction stir spot welding (FSSW)
process parameters
tool
Opis:
Praca przedstawia badania eksperymentalne łączenia stopów aluminium za pomocą punktowego zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem. Celem prowadzonych prób doświadczalnych było uzyskanie informacji jaki jest mechanizm zniszczenia złącza zakładkowego zgrzewanego tarciowo z przemieszaniem materiału, poddanego obciążeniu wywołującemu ścinanie. Ocenie poddano stosunek wytrzymałości złącz zgrzewanych do wytrzymałości materiału rodzimego wykonanych z zastosowaniem technologii zgrzewania punktowego (FSSW) oraz zgrzewania punktowego bezkraterowego (RFSSW). Zastosowanie zmodyfikowanego narzędzia do zgrzewania metodą RFSSW zmienia sposób tworzenia zgrzeiny, charakteryzującej się symetrycznym połączeniem, pozbawionym obszarów, w których występuje zmniejszenie gęstości stopu i tworzenia niesymetrycznego przejścia linii styku (retreating thinning). Zniszczenie połączenia występuje w obszarze materiału rodzimego w zakresie wytrzymałości odpowiadającej wytrzymałości materiału rodzimego. Cecha ta pozwala, przy właściwie zaprojektowanym rozmieszczeniu zgrzein, uzyskać pełną nośność złącza i zastąpić obecnie stosowane technologie łączenia punktowego za pomocą nitowania lub zgrzewania oporowego.
This paper presents experimental research into joining aluminum alloys using friction stir spot welding. The goal of the experimental tests was to obtain information about failure mechanism of a friction stir spot welded overlap joint that is subject to shear load. The ratio of welded joint strength to base material strength was analyzed. The joints were created using friction stir spot welding (FSSW), and refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW), technologies. The application of the modified tool to RFSSW changes the mechanism of weld creation. The RFSSW weld is characterized by symmetrical joint that is free from areas of lower density and occurrence of asymmetrical joining line (retreating thinning). The joint failure occurs in base material and corresponds to the strength of base material. The appropriate design of weld distribution allows for obtaining full load capacity and replacing currently applied resistance spot welding and riveting technologies.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2013, 24, 3; 193-203
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stress corrosion cracking of 7020 aluminium alloy jointed by different welding methods
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aluminium alloys
friction stir welding (FSW)
MIG welding
stress corrosion cracking
mechanical properties
slow-strain-rate-testing
Opis:
The results of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminum alloy AW 7020 [AlZn5Mg1] welded by friction stir welding FSW and MIG were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding ofsheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy was presented as well as parameters for MIG. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of both, the FSW and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. Stress corrosion cracking was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to EN ISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure - T [h], obtained max. load - F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) - E [MJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen — a10 [%]; max. tensile stress — R [MPa] and contraction — Z [%]. The tests were carried out on cylindrical notch-free specimens in the air and 3.5% water solution NaCl. Good resistance to stress corrosion was found of friction stir welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The tested samples cracked during SSRT test in the native material in case of FSW and in the joint in case of MIG. Original value are received results of the stress corrosion resistance of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with traditional MIG method.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 143-147
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling and optimization of friction stir stitching of AISI 201 stainless steel via Box-Behnken design methodology
Autorzy:
Ojo, Olatunji Oladimeji
Obasha, Isaac Ojo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23966629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
ścierny ścieg mieszany
projekt eksperymentalny
stal nierdzewna
modelowanie
optymalizacja
friction stir stitching
experimental design
stainless steel
modeling
optimization
Opis:
The paper investigates the modelling and optimization of the notch-repaired/friction stir stitched AISI 201 stainless steel welds via the use of a non-consumable tool-based repair process. The repair process employs a sequential hopping-stitching approach. This approach involves the application of two intercepted and completely overlapped plunging actions of a probe-less titanium carbide tool to create an effective refilling and repair of the notched zone. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed for the experimental planning, modelling, and optimization of the notch-repair process. Tool rotational speed, penetration depth and dwell time of the tool were the studied process parameters while tensile strength was the response variable. A quadratic model was identified as the best model for the notch-repaired welds based on the combination of a low sequential P-value of 0.008216, a high lack of fit P-value of 0.931366, and a close to unity adjusted and predicted R-square values. The process parameter and their interaction effects on the tensile strength of the repaired notch were identified via the ANOVA analysis. Plunge depth (main effect) and interaction effect of tool rotational speed and dwell time had significant influences on the notch-repair process and the resultant tensile strength of the AISI 201 stainless steel. The visual representations of these effects were shown through the 2D elliptical contour and 3D response surface plots. The optimized process parameters were identified as 1215.9795 rpm, 0.40262212 mm, and 5.98706376 s while the resultant notch-repaired joint yielded a tensile strength of 886 MPa, which is close to the predicted value.
Źródło:
Production Engineering Archives; 2022, 28, 2; 132--140
2353-5156
2353-7779
Pojawia się w:
Production Engineering Archives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości wykorzystania materiału ceramicznego na narzędzia do realizacji procesu zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem cienkich blach tytanowych
Possibilities of using ceramic material for tools to carry out the friction welding process of thin titanium sheets
Autorzy:
Buszta, S.
Myśliwiec, P.
Śliwa, R. E.
Ostrowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem
FSW
tytan
stopy tytanu
ceramika narzędziowa
friction stir welding
titanium
titanium alloys
tool ceramic
Opis:
Tytan oraz jego stopy charakteryzują się małą gęstością, dużą opornością na wysoką temperaturę i korozję. Stopy tytanu mogą być spawane wiązką elektronów lub metodą TIG, ale wymagane jest stosowanie gazów osłonowych oraz odpowiednie oczyszczenie łączonych elementów. Największym problemem przy spawaniu tytanu oraz stopów tytanu jest występowanie pęcherzyków oraz kruchości wywołanej powietrzem. Z tego powodu metoda FSW jest korzystną alternatywą przy łączeniu elementów tytanowych. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania materiałów ceramicznych na narzędzia oraz inne elementy oprzyrządowania w realizacji zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem cienkich blach tytanowych typu GRADE 3 i GRADE 5. Wysoka temperatura generowana w trakcie procesu FSW wymaga stosowania zaawansowanych materiałów narzędziowych. Jakość złącza oceniano poprzez analizę właściwości mechanicznych, mikrostrukturę oraz przebiegów sił. Wykazano, że zastosowanie ceramiki narzędziowej na narzędzia oraz elementy oprzyrządowania pozwala na wykonywanie wolnych od wad wysokiej jakości złączy FSW stopów tytanu. Wysoko-temperaturowe właściwości ceramiki przyczyniają się do uproszczenia elementów mocujących zgrzewanych blach.
Titanium and its alloys are characterized by low density, high resistance to high temperature and corrosion. Titanium alloys can be electron beam welded or TIG method, but it is required to use shielding gases and proper cleaning of connected elements. The biggest problem in the welding of titanium and titanium alloys is the presence of bubbles and brittleness caused by air pollution directive, for this reason, the FSW method is an advantageous alternative to the connecting elements of titanium. This paper presents the possibilities of using ceramic materials for tools and other tooling elements in the implementation of friction stir welding of GRADE 3 and GRADE 5 titanium sheets. High temperature generated during the FSW process requires the use of advanced tool materials. Joint quality was assessed by analyzing mechanical properties, microstructure and waveforms forces. It has been shown that the use of ceramics materials for tools and fixing elements allows to make defect-free, high-quality FSW joints of titanium alloys. High temperature properties of ceramics strongly contribute to the simplification of the fastening elements of welded sheets.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2018, 29, 3; 253-276
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design of Functionally Graded Composites through Friction Stir Processing
Autorzy:
Sai, B. V. Hima Sekhar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
friction stir processing
functionally graded material
reinforcements
multi-pass FSP
zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem
funkcjonalny materiał gradientowy
wzmocnienie
Opis:
An Investigation was conducted to produce Aluminium based Functionally graded material (FGM) composites by Friction stir processing (FSP). A reinforcement strategy featuring the use of Alumina and TiC reinforcements was investigated, where holes were drilled in an Aluminium plate, filled with reinforcements and stirred using FSP. A mathematical model was formulated for the positioning of holes in such a manner that the composition of the reinforcements varies from maximum to minimum over a given length. Samples were subjected to various numbers of FSP passes from one to three with a 100% overlap and its influence on particle distribution and homogeneity was studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at cross sections parallel to the tool traverse direction. A progressive gradient in hardness values was observed for the surface composites at all the passes.
Źródło:
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering; 2021, 5, 2; 95-102
2544-0780
2544-1671
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of friction stir welding on impact resistance of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints
Wpływ zgrzewania tarciowego FSW na udarność złączy spajanych stopu AlZnSMgl
Autorzy:
Dudzik, K.
Czechowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242212.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
zgrzewanie tarciowe FSW
spawanie MIG
stopy aluminium
udarność
friction stir welding (FSW)
aluminium alloys
impact resistance
welding MIG
Opis:
The paper presents the research results on impact resistance of friction s tir welded aluminum alloy A W 7020 [AlZn5MglJ. The joints welded by traditional MIG method of the same aluminium alloy were chosen as reference points. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. The parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mgl [7020] alloy were introduced in the article. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed proper structural construction of the friction stir welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The impact resistance was examined via the Charpy test according to PN-EN 10045-1. During test the hammer angle of deflection beta after hitting was noted and next the brake work "L " and impact resistance "U" were determined. The tests were carried out on typical specimens of cuboids shape (55x10x10 mm), with "V" notch. The research was conducted at the temperature of + 20°C. After impact resistance test the failure surface of specimens was analyzed by scanning with electron microscope SEM Philips XL30. The research of impact resistance showed that the values of 7020 alloy welded by FSW method were higher compared to the properties of 7020 alloy joints welded by traditional MIG method — the average impact resistance was about 18% higher in case ofFSW then in MG.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań udarności złączy zgrzewanych tarciowo (FSW) stopu AW 7020 (AlZn5Mgl). Jako punkt odniesienia wybrano zlącza tego samego stopu spawane tradycyjną metodą MIG. Nową technologię zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem materiału zgrzeiny FSW (Friction Stir Welding) można z powodzeniem stosować do zgrzewania doczołowego blach z różnego rodzaju stopów aluminium. Przedstawiono parametry zgrzewania tarciowego (FSW) zastosowane do połączenia blach ze stopu AlZn5Mgl (7020). Analiza metalograficzna wykazała poprawną budowę strukturalną złączy zgrzewanych stopu aluminium 7020. Badania udarności przeprowadzono metodą Charpy'ego zgodnie z wymaganiami Polskiej Normy PN-EN 10045-1. Podczas badań odczytano kąt wychylenia młota po uderzeniu beta a następnie wyznaczono pracę łamania L oraz udarność U. Próbki do badań udarności wykonano jako standardowe, w kształcie prostopadłościanu o wymiarach 55x10x10 mm z zalecaną przez normę dokładnością š0,1 mm, w których wycięto karb w kształcie litery V. Próbę przeprowadzono w temperaturze + 20°C. Po badaniach udarności przeprowadzono analizę powierzchni przełomów próbek za pomocą mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM) Philips XL3O. Badania udarności złączy stopu 7020 wykazały wyższą wartość udarności w przypadku zastosowania zgrzewania tarciowego FSW w porównaniu do tradycyjnej metody spawalniczej MIG - średnio udarność była wyższa o ok. 18%.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 93-98
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fabrication and Characterization of CU/B4 C Surface Dispersion Strengthened Composite using Friction Stir Processing
Wytwarzanie metodą zgrzewania tarciowego i charakterystyka powierzchniowodyspersyjnie wzmacnianego kompozytu Cu/B4 C
Autorzy:
Sathiskumar, R.
Murugan, N.
Dinaharan, I.
Vijay, S. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
surface dispersion strengthened composite
friction stir processing
copper
boron carbide
kompozyty powierzchniowe
zgrzewanie tarciowe FSW
miedź
węglik boru
Opis:
Friction stir processing has evolved as a novel method to fabricate surface metal matrix composites. The feasibility to make B4 C particulate reinforced copper surface matrix composite is detailed in this paper. The B4 C powders were compacted into a groove of width 0.5 mm and depth 5 mm on a 9.5 mm thick copper plate. A tool made of high carbon high chromium steel; oil hardened to 63 HRC, having cylindrical profile was used in this study. A single pass friction stir processing was carried out using a tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm, processing speed of 40 mm/min and axial force of 10 kN. A defect free interface between the matrix and the composite layer was achieved. The optical and scanning electron micrographs revealed a homogeneous distribution of B4 C particles which were well bonded with the matrix. The hardness of the friction stir processed zone increased by 26% higher to that of the matrix material.
Zgrzewanie tarciowe ewoluowało jako nowa metoda wytwarzania kompozytów powierzchniowych z osnową metaliczną. W pracy szczegółowo opisano możliwość wytworzenia kompozytu na powierzchni miedzi zbrojonego cząstkami B4 C. Proszki B4 C sprasowano w rowku o szerokości 0,5 mm i głębokści 5 mm wykonanym na blasze miedzianej o grubości 9,5 mm. Do wytworzenia kompozytu użyto narzędzia o profilu cylindrycznym, z wysokowęglowej stali o wysokiej zawartości chromu, hartowanego w oleju do 63 HRC. W jednym przebiegu obróbki zgrzewanie przeprowadzono przy prędkości obrotowej narzędzia 1500 obr/min. szybkości przesuwu 40 mm/min i osiowej siły 10 kN. Osiągnięto cel w postaci pozbawionego wad połączenia pomiędzy matrycą i warstwą kompozytu. Mikrofotografie optyczne i ze skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej wykazały jednorodną dystrybucję cząstek B-C, które były dobrze połączone z matrycą. Twardość strefy zgrzewnej tarciowo wzrosła o 26% w stosunku do materiału matrycy.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 1; 83-87
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Własności zakładkowych złączy spajanych metodą zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem (FSW – Friction Stir Welding)
Properties of overlap joints welded by the Friction Stir Welding Method
Autorzy:
Kudła, K.
Wojsyk, K.
Kucharczyk, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/211415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
zgrzewanie tarciowe przemieszaniem
aluminium
złącza zakładkowe
strefa natarcia
strefa spływu
friction stir welding
overlap joints
advancing zone
retreating zone
Opis:
Praca dotyczy problemu łączenia złączy zakładkowych wykonanych ze stopów aluminium technologią zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem FSW. Analizie poddano budowę złącza w strefach: natarcia, wpływu ciepła oraz spływu. Wykazano dużą niejednorodność i asymetrię złącza, charakteryzującą się wyraźną granicą między materiałem po rekrystalizacji i odkształceniu termomechanicznym. Próby ścinania ujawniły występowanie obszaru w strefie spływu, w którym występują przyklejenia między łączonymi elementami, obniżając jego wytrzymałość. W obszarze natarcia elementem decydującym o charakterze zniszczenia jest kształt linii styku łączonych materiałów. Dokonano analizy siły docisku oraz położenia narzędzia na jakość zgrzein. Wykazano, że najlepsze efekty łączenia uzyskuje się prowadząc proces zgrzewania z kontrolowaną siłą docisku i z zachowaniem odpowiedniego ustawienia kąta pochylenia oraz głębokości jego zanurzenia w materiale.
This paper regards the problem of creating overlap joints made of aluminum alloys using the technology of friction stir welding, FSW. The structure of a joint was analyzed in the advancing zone, the heat affected zone and the retreating zone. It was shown that the joint is nonuniform and asymmetric. The nonuniformity and asymmetry of the joint are characterized by a distinct border between material that was recrystallized and thermomechanically deformed. Shear tests demonstrated the existence of the area in the retreating zone where bonding between joined elements occurs. This reduces the joint strength. In the advancing zone, the shape of the boundary line between joined materials is the factor determining the character of material failure. The work analyzes the impact of downward force and tool position on the quality of welds. It was shown that for the welding process the best results can be achieved by controlling downward force and maintaining appropriate tilt angle and depth of tool penetration.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2013, 24, 3; 179-191
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of tool shape on temperature field in friction stir spot welding
Wpływ kształtu narzędzia na pole temperatury w procesie punktowego zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem
Autorzy:
Lacki, P.
Kucharczyk, Z.
Śliwa, R. E.
Gałaczyński, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir spot welding (FSSW)
metal welding
FEM
Al 6061-T6
zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem (FSW)
spawanie metali
Opis:
Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the youngest methods of metal welding. Metals and its alloys are joined in a solid state at temperature lower than melting points of the joined materials. The method is constantly developed and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is one of its varieties. In the friction stir spot welding process a specially designed tool is brought into rotation and plunged, straight down, in the joined materials. Heat is generated as a result of friction between the tool and materials, and plastic deformation of the joined materials. Softening (plastic zone) of the joined materials occurs. Simultaneously the materials are stirred. After removal of the tool, cooling down the stirred materials create a solid state joint. Numerical simulation of the process was carried out with the ADINA System based on the finite element method (FEM). The problem was considered as an axisymmetric one. A thermal and plastic material model was assumed for Al 6061-T6. Frictional heat was generated on the contact surfaces between the tool and the joined elements. The model of Coulomb friction, in which the friction coefficient depends on the temperature, was used. An influence of the tool geometry on heat generation in the welded materials was analysed. The calculations were carried out for different radiuses of the tool stem and for different angles of the abutment. Temperature distributions in the welded materials as a function of the process duration assuming a constant value of rotational tool speed and the speed of tool plunge were determined. Additionally, the effect of the stem radius and its height on the maximum temperature was analysed. The influence of tool geometry parameters on the temperature field and the temperature gradient in the welded materials was shown. It is important regarding the final result of FSSW.
Zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem (FSW) jest jedna ze stosunkowo niedawno opracowanych metod łączenia metali. Należy do grupy metod łączenia metali i ich stopów w stanie stałym, w temperaturach niższych od temperatury topnienia łączonego materiału. Metoda jest stale rozwijana, a jedną z jej odmian jest punktowe zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem (FSSW). W procesie punktowego zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem specjalnie zaprojektowane narzędzie wprowadzane jest w ruch obrotowy i wgłebiane, pionowo w dół, w obszar łączenia dwóch elementów. Wskutek tarcia narzędzia o materiał oraz plastycznego odkształcania materiału, generowane jest ciepło. Następuje zmiękczenie materiału łączonych elementów. Zmiękczony materiał (uplastyczniony) jest stale mieszany. Po wyprowadzeniu narzędzia, przemieszany materiał stygnąc tworzy między spajanymi elementami złącze w stanie stałym. Symulację numeryczną procesu za pomocą metody elementów skończonych wykonano z wykorzystaniem programu ADINA. Problem rozpatrywano jako zagadnienie osiowosymetryczne. Przyjęto termoplastyczny model materiału - Al 6061-T6. Ciepło tarcia generowane jest na powierzchni kontaktu narzędzia z łączonymi elementami. Zastosowano model tarcia Coulomba, w którym współczynnik tarcia zależy od temperatury. W pracy analizowano wpływ geometrii narzędzia na generowanie ciepła w zgrzewanym materiale. Obliczenia przeprowadzono dla różnych wartości promienia trzpienia narzędzia oraz kąta wieńca opory. Wyznaczono rozkłady temperatury w zgrzewanym materiale w funkcji czasu trwania procesu, przyjmując stałą wartość prędkości obrotowej narzędzia i prędkości jego wgłębiania. Analizowano także zależność maksymalnej temperatury od promienia i wysokości trzpienia. Wykazano wpływ parametrów geometrycznych narzędzia na pole temperatury i gradientu temperatury w zgrzewanym materiale, co jest ważne dla finalnego efektu połączenia materiałów technologią FSSW.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 2; 595-599
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Natural Aging Behavior Of Friction Stir Welded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Aluminum Alloys
Starzenie naturalne złączy stopów aluminium Al-Zn-Mg-Cu wykonanych metodą zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem materiału
Autorzy:
Kalemba, I.
Kopyściański, M.
Hamilton, C.
Dymek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
natural aging
aluminum alloys
thermal analysis
zgrzewanie tarciowe z mieszaniem
naturalne starzenie
stopy aluminium
analiza termiczna
Opis:
The long term natural aging behavior of friction stir welded aluminum 7136-T76 and 7042 T6 extrusions was investigated. The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties in the as-welded and six years naturally aged conditions were studied and correlated to a coupled thermal/material flow model of the joining process. Hardness profiles for the 7136 alloy taken along the mid-plane thickness of the workpiece displayed the characteristic W-shape. With natural aging, hardness recovery occurred on both sides of the weld, but the position of the hardness minima, particularly on the advancing side, shifted away from the weld centerline. The hardness profile for the 7042 alloy displayed U-shape in the as-welded condition and W-shape after natural aging. The hardness behavior upon natural aging correlated to the temperature profile developed during welding and the degree to which phase dissolution occurred in the regions adjacent to the stir zone.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące długoterminowego starzenia naturalnego złączy stopów aluminium 7136-T76 i 7042-T6 wykonanych metodą zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem materiału. Złącza w stanie po zgrzewaniu oraz po 6 latach starzenia naturalnego scharakteryzowano pod względem mikrostrukturalnym oraz mechanicznym. Wyniki badań skorelowano z modelem termicznym i modelem płynięcia materiału podczas zgrzewania. Profil twardości złącza stopu 7136 wykazuje charakterystyczny kształt litery „W”. Starzenie naturalne powoduje wzrost twardości, przy czym minimum twardości, szczególnie po stronie natarcia, odsuwa się od środka złącza. Profil twardości złącza stopu 7042 przyjmuje kształt litery „U” po zgrzewaniu i kształt litery „W” po starzeniu naturalnym. Takie zachowanie twardości po starzeniu naturalnym jest związane z temperaturą podczas procesu zgrzewania oraz stopniem, w jakim rozpuszczają się fazy w obszarach sąsiadujących ze strefą mieszania.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 2A; 875-879
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of process parameters of friction stir welded AA 5083-O aluminum alloy using Response Surface Methodology
Autorzy:
Jannet, S.
Mathews, P. K.
Raja, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
optimization
Response Surface Analysis
Analysis of Variance
tensile strength
spawanie
tarcie
optymalizacja
RSA
wytrzymałość na rozciąganie
Opis:
A methodology was exhibited to create the experimental model for assessing the Ultimate Tensile Strength of AA 5083-O aluminum compound which is broadly utilized as a part of boat building industry by Friction Stir Welding (FSW). FSW process parameters, such as: tool rotational speed, welding speed, and axial force were optimized for better results. FSW was completed considering three-component 3-level Box Behnekn Design. Response surface Methodology (RSM) was implemented to obtain the relationship between the FSW process parameters and ultimate Tensile Strength. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) procedure was utilized to check the aptness of the created model. The FSW process parameters were additionally streamlined utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to augment tensile strength. The joint welded at a rotational speed of 1100 rpm, a welding speed of 75 mm/min and a pivotal energy of 2.5 t displays higher tensile strength compared with different joints in comparison with other joints.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2015, 63, 4; 851-855
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja systemu wizyjnego do monitorowania procesów zgrzewania tarciowego
Concept of the vision system for monitoring of friction stir welding process
Autorzy:
Giesko, T.
Pietras, A.
Mężyk, J.
Kowieski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/256857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
zgrzewanie tarciowe FSW
kontrola jakości
inspekcja optyczna
analiza termograficzna
friction stir welding (FSW)
quality inspection
optical inspection
thermal analysis
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję metody i systemu do monitorowania procesów zgrzewania tarciowego FSW z wykorzystaniem analizy obrazów w podczerwieni i paśmie widzialnym. Termogramy pokazujące rozkład i zmiany temperatury w obrębie zgrzeiny zawierają kompleksowe informacje o przebiegu procesu zgrzewania tarciowego oraz o strukturze zgrzeiny. Połączona analiza obrazów zgrzeiny, zarejestrowanych za pomocą kamery termowizyjnej i kamery wizyjnej umożliwi monitorowanie on-line procesu zgrzewania tarciowego oraz detekcję wad powierzchniowych i podpowierzchniowych zgrzeiny. W artykule omówiono najważniejsze zagadnienia modelowania systemu wizyjnego i algorytmu inspekcji.
The paper presents the idea of a method and system for monitoring of friction stir welding FSW with the use of analysis of infrared and vision images. Thermal images present a temperature distribution and fluctuation within a weld joint, and contain complex information about welding process and weld structure. The combined analysis of infrared and vision images of weld will enable the on-line process monitoring and detection of surface and subsurface defects. The key aspects of modeling of a vision system and inspection algorithm are described in the paper.
Źródło:
Problemy Eksploatacji; 2011, 4; 91-102
1232-9312
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Eksploatacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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