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Wyszukujesz frazę "chromium" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Adsorption of Chromium (VI) on Raw and Modified Carpathian Diatomite
Autorzy:
Puszkarewicz, Alicja
Kaleta, Jadwiga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
adsorption
diatomite
chromium(VI)
chromium removal
Opis:
The paper presents the research on the usability of natural Carpathian diatomite for removing chromate ions from water solutions. The concentration of chromium (VI) in test water was C0 = 1 g/m3. Both raw diatomite and the diatomite modified with iron compounds of granulation 0.5–1.0 mm were tested. The process kinetics, as well as the effect of water reaction and the diatomite type on chromium sorption were determined under static conditions (no through flow). For both diatomite types, the chromium adsorption proceeded most effectively at pH 4. The effect of diatomite modification with iron compounds on the effectiveness of chromium (VI) adsorption was determined on the basis of Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Compared to raw diatomite, the modified adsorbent (diatomite-Fe) exhibited great sorption capacity for chromate ions from water. When applied under dynamic conditions (v = 4 m/h), as filtration bed, it removed chromium compounds from water very effectively. It makes diatomite-Fe material a promising candidate for application in water treatment systems. The chromium concentration in the effluent oscillated within Ck = 0.001–0.002 mg/dm3, and the adsorption capacity of the bed, determined in the bed breakthrough point, reached Pp = 316.8 mg/kg.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 7; 11-17
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production of Chromium Boride Layers on Carbon Steel with Conversion Treatment: Chromium Deposition + Diffusion Annealing
Autorzy:
Boubaaya, R.
Benarioua, Y.
Allaoui, O.
Djendel, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
carbon steel
boriding
chromium plating
diffusion annealing
chromium boride
Opis:
The present study has been conducted in order to obtaining chromium boride layers on carbon steel using a conversion processing comprising the following steps: boriding treatment in order to increase the amount of boron atoms in the steel surface, deposition of a thin layer of pure chromium using electrolytic method, and finally an annealing treatment for boron diffusion and formation of boride layer until complete transformation of chromium layer. Depending on the method used (chromium deposition followed by boriding or boriding followed by chromium deposition) and the holding time, the partial or complete conversion is obtained as a result of the diffusion process. The role of the annealing temperature on transformation rates of chromium into chromium boride films was investigated. It is shown that for 1 h at 900°C, the chromium layer is totally transformed. The scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction showed the presence of CrB and CrB₂ chromium borides in addition of FeB and Fe₂B iron borides.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 3; 541-543
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sorption and reduction of chromiumion ions by the chelating ion exchanger Diaion CR20
Autorzy:
Wójcik, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109632.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
chromium(III)
chromium(VI)
reduction
ion exchange
speciation
chelating resin
Opis:
The chelating ion exchanger Diaion CR20 was applied for removal of chromium(VI) ions in the pH range from 1.5 to 10 and in the presence of 1 M H2SO4. The speciation analysis was used to predict the reduction process. Reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium (III) was observed during the chromium(VI) ions sorption. The kinetic parameters for the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models were calculated. The most common three isotherm models: Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to describe chromium(VI) uptake. It was proved that the polyamine groups present in selected ion exchanger are able to sorb both chromium(VI) and (III) ions. The maximal sorption capacity towards chromium(VI) ions was estimated at pH 1.5 – 169.49 mg Cr(VI)/g and 159.31 mg Cr(VI)/g in 1 M H2SO4. Both static and column methods were used in the investigations.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2019, 55, 6; 1382-1393
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ wybranych modyfikatorów na parametry stereologiczne węglików w żeliwie chromowym
The influence of chosen modifiers on stereological parameters of carbides of chromium cast iron
Autorzy:
Studnicki, A.
Suchoń, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
żeliwo chromowe
węglik chromu
parametry stereologiczne
chromium cast iron
chromium carbide
stereological parameters
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań stereologii węglików w modyfikowanym żeliwie chromowym odpornym na zużycie ścierne. W składzie modyfikatorów były następujące pierwiastki: bor, niob, wanad, cer i lantan (MZR), azot. W tabelach i na wykresach pokazano wpływ użytych modyfikatorów na takie parametry stereologiczne węglików jak: wielkość, obwód, współczynnik kształtu i udział objętościowy.
The results of investigations of stereological carbides in the modified wear resistance chromium cast iron resistant were introduced in the article. There were following elements: boron, niobium, vanadium, cerium and lanthanum (RE), nitrogen in the composition of modifiers. The influence of used modifiers on such stereological parameters of carbides as: size, perimeter, shape coefficient and volume fraction was showed in tables and on diagrams.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 282-288
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of chromium on ruminant health
Autorzy:
Zarczynska, K.
Krzebietke, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
chromium
ruminants
essential nutrient
toxicity
Opis:
Chromium (Cr) is a micronutrient that occurs in the natural environment in different oxidation states. Natural compounds contain chromium in the +3 oxidation state, whereas chromic(VI) acid derivatives are industrial products with strong toxicity. Hexavalent chromium compounds can adversely affect the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract, cause skin changes, and exert carcinogenic, mutagenic, embryotoxic as well as teratogenic effects. Research indicates that both organic and inorganic trivalent chromium compounds improve carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. These compounds are found in many enzymes, and they influence antioxidant processes, regulation of immune responses, and the secretion of hormones and selected vitamins in the body. In animals, Cr has been found to increase fat-free body mass, improve reproductive parameters, enhance growth, increase feed conversion efficiency, boost immunity, and decrease mortality. It has been suggested that Cr supplements can intensify the effects of insulin, decrease the plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), decrease triglyceride concentrations in the liver, and improve glucose tolerance, thus improving the performance and productivity of cattle in the perinatal period. Symptoms of chromium deficiency, including decreased feed intake, lower weight gains, reproductive disorders, and higher lipid levels, are observed in cattle fed diets that are low in this nutrient, and in animals that are exposed to considerable and prolonged stress. In ruminants, chromium supplementation is recommended during thermal stress, in the perinatal period, and during infections.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2020, 25, 3; 893-903
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chromium in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Autorzy:
Gołąbek, Tomasz
Socha, Katarzyna
Kudelski, Jacek
Darewicz, Barbara
Markiewicz-Zukowska, Renata
Chłosta, Piotr
Borawska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
chromium
bladder cancer
heavy metals
Opis:
Introduction and objectives. Many epidemiological and experimental studies report a strong role of chemical carcinogens in the etiology of bladder cancer. However, the involvement of heavy metals in tumourigenesis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder has been poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between chromium (Cr) and bladder cancer. Materials and methods. Chromium concentration in two 36-sample series of bladder cancer tissue and sera from patients with this neoplasm were matched with those of a control group. The amount of trace elements in every tissue sample was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. This was correlated with tumour stage. Results. While the median chromium concentration levels reached statistically higher values in the bladder cancer tissue, compared with the non-cancer tissue (99.632ng/g and 33.144ng/g, respectively; p<0.001), the median Cr levels in the sera of the patients with this carcinoma showed no statistical difference when compared to those of the control group (0.511μg/l and 0.710μg/l, respectively; p=0.408). The median levels of Cr in the bladder tissue, depending on the stage of the tumour, compared with the tissue without the neoplasm, observed the same relationship for both non-muscle invasive and muscleinvasive tumours (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions. This study shows that patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder had higher tissue Cr levels than people without tumour, while no difference was found in the Cr serum levels between the two groups of patients under investigation.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2017, 24, 4
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removal of chromium and strontium from aqueous solutions by adsorption on laterite
Autorzy:
He, Yong
Chen, Yong-Gui
Zhang, Ke-Neng
Ye, Wei-Min
Wu, Dong-Yu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
adsorption
isotherms
chromium
strontium
laterite
Opis:
To investigate the adsorptive properties of a local laterite deposited in Chenzhou, Hunan province, China, the adsorptive properties of the natural laterite were investigated by batch technique in this study. The effects of contact time, pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the concentration on adsorption properties were also analyzed. The obtained experimental results show that the main mineral composition of laterite is kaolinite and montmorillonite. The adsorption process achieved equilibrium within 60 minutes and 90 minutes for Sr(II) and Cr(VI), respectively. The adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Sr(II) by the laterite were about 7.25 mg·g-1 and 8.35 mg·g-1 under the given experimental conditions, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption capacity for Sr(II) onto the laterite increased with increasing pH from 3–11 but decreased with increasing ionic strength from 0.001 to 1.0 M NaCl. The Sr(II) adsorption reaction on laterite was endothermic and the process of adsorption was favored at high temperature. Similarly, the adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) onto the laterite increased with increasing pH from 3–11, however, the ionic strength and temperature had an insignificant effect on Cr(VI) adsorption. The adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sr(II) was dominated by ion exchange and surface complexation in this work. Furthermore, the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was used for the description of the adsorption process. The results suggest that the studied laterite samples can be effectively used for the treatment of contaminated wastewaters.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2019, 45, 3; 11-20
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Reactive Materials on the Content of Selected Elements in Indian Mustard Grown In Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soils
Autorzy:
Radziemska, M.
Mazur, Z.
Fronczyk, J.
Jeznach, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
chromium
Indian mustard
macroelements
soil
Opis:
Reactive materials represent a promising agent for environmental co-remediation. The research was aimed to determine the influence of hexavalent chromium in doses of 0, 25, 50, and 150 mg Cr(VI).kg-1 of soil as well as zero valent-iron, and lignite additives on the content of macroelements in the Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The average accumulation of the analysed elements in Indian mustard grown in Cr(VI) contaminated soil were found to follow the decreasing order Mg>Na>P>Ca>K. Soil contamination at 150 mg Cr(VI).kg-1 of soil led to the highest increase in magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium content in Indian mustard. The application of zero-valent iron had a positive influence on the average Na and K content of the tested plant. The application of lignite had a positive influence on the average magnesium, sodium and calcium content in the above-ground parts of the studied plant. In the non-amended treatments (without reactive materials), the increasing rates of chromium (VI) had an explicitly positive effect on the content of phosphorous and sodium in Indian mustard.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2016, 17, 2; 141-147
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chrom i jego związki – metoda oznaczania
Chromium end its compounds – determination method
Autorzy:
Surgiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/138341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
chrom
związki chromu
metoda analityczna
narażenie zawodowe
chromium
chromium compounds
analytical method
occupational exposure
Opis:
Metodę stosuje się do ilościowego oznaczania chromu metalicznego (CAS 7740-47-3) i związków chromu (II) i chromu (III) występujących w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy podczas kontroli warunków sanitarnohigienicznych. Metoda polega na pobraniu chromu, związków chromu (II) i chromu (III) na filtr nitrocelulozowy, mineralizacji filtra za pomocą stężonego kwasu azotowego, sporządzeniu roztworu do analizy i oznaczeniu chromu w sporządzonej do analizy próbce z wykorzystaniem metody absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej z atomizacją próbki w płomieniu podtlenek azotu-acetylen. Metoda została całkowicie zwalidowana dla związków chromu (III). Oznaczalność metody wynosi 0,035 mg/m3.
The method is based on stopping selected chromium and its compounds chromium (II) and chromium (III) on a membrane filter, mineralizing the sample with concentration nitric acid and preparating the solution for analysis in diluted nitric acid. Chromium and its compounds in the solution are determined as chromium with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit of determined chromium and its compounds for this method is 0.035 mg/m3.
Źródło:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy; 2009, 1 (59); 113-118
1231-868X
Pojawia się w:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Formation of Cr ohmic contact on graphitized 6H-SiC(0001) surface
Autorzy:
Grodzicki, M
Mazur, P
Wasielewski, R
Ciszewski, A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/173424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
silicon carbide
chromium
electric contacts
graphitization
Opis:
Ohmic electrical contacts were formed at room temperature on n-type, Si-oriented 6H-SiC substrates, with Cr layers vapor-deposited under ultra-high vacuum conditions on the samples being graphitized prior to the deposition. The contacts reveal a very good linearity of the local I–V characteristics. This method of ohmic contact formation does not require the use of samples with high doping concentration and the application of high-temperature annealing during the processing of contacts. Results of characterization of the contacts and of the in situ graphitization process of the SiC substrates, obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with conducting tip, are given in this paper.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2013, 43, 1; 91-98
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The kinetic reduction of Cr(VI) by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Phaffia rhodozyma and their protoplasts
Autorzy:
Chwastowski, Jarosław
Kołoczek, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
chromium
Phaffia rhodozyma
pollution
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Opis:
Chromium in the sixth oxidation state may easily penetrate cellular membranes via non-specific sulfate transporters due to its tetrahedral symmetry (high similarity to SO42- and HPO42-). This feature makes chromium a toxic and hazardous pollutant responsible for the deterioration of midland water quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capacity of two yeast species - Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Phaffia rhodozyma - and their protoplasts to reduce Cr(VI) to lower oxidation states. The study also deals with the behavior of the yeasts upon the presence of elevated sulfate ions as a competitive inhibitor of chromate transport by the sulfate transporters. The chromate-reducing activities were monitored by determination of Cr(V) free radical form with the use of L-band (1.2 GHz) EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. It was observed that both of the studied yeast strains exhibited the ability to reduce Cr(VI) applied at 4 mM. The cells of P. rhodozyma showed about 3.5 times higher reduction than S. cerevisiae. The reduction efficiency was significantly improved when the protoplasts of both strains were used and reached 100% in the first 10 minutes of the reduction process which suggests that the cellular wall may have a notable influence on the uptake and/or inhibition of chromium reduction process. The reduction effect of P. rhodozyma cells and protoplasts may be associated with the more sufficient production of metabolites (such as glutathione and cysteine), which may also be responsible for the increased tolerance of the strain towards high concentrations of toxic chromium.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2013, 60, 4; 829-834
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction of chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by using the solvent impregnated resin
Autorzy:
Wójcik, G.
Hubicki, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
sorption of chromium(VI) ions
reduction
Opis:
The solvent impregnated resins enables effective recovery of microquantities of chromium(VI) ions from wastewaters. The solvent impregnated resin (SIR) Amberlite XAD 7 HP as polymer matrix has been prepared by the wet-impregnation technique. Aliquat 336 was employed as the extractant and acetone as the solvents for impregnation. Sorption of chromium(VI) was investigated in the batch process . Sorption of chromium(VI) was studied in the pH range from 1.5 to 7. It was stated that sorption of chromium(VI) ions depends on acidity of solution. The values of recovery factors of chromium(VI) are higher at low pH than in neutral solution. The speciation of chromium was investigated in the studied pH range. Reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) under acidic conditions was observed. Chromium was determined by using the spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods. Both methods permit to observe changing of valence of chromium(III) and (VI) oxidation states. The prepared SIR is a new sorbent used for recovery of chromium ions from wastewaters.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2011, 2, 3; 41-43
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quick and simple speciation analysis of chromium in cements
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Malgorzata
Wardak, Cecylia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
cement
extraction
chromium speciation
voltammetric determination
Opis:
The extraction of total Cr(VI) from commercially available cements, based on DTPA + 0.2 mol dm-3 (NH4)2SO4/NH4OH mixture solution and subsequent selective determination of Cr(VI) has been proposed. The determination was carried out using the adsorptive voltammetric stripping method. The study was conducted using three different commercially available cement samples. It has been checked that the proposed extraction procedure guaranteed no changes of chromium speciation during cement analysis. For comparison extraction was also carried out with the use of recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 3060A, based on 0.28 mol dm-3 Na2CO3 + 0.5 mol dm-3 NaOH). Additionally, the extraction process was carried out using only distilled water as an extraction mixture which allows to evaluate concentration of only soluble Cr(VI) forms contained in cement. In all three cements, the content of soluble Cr(VI) was below 2 ppm, i.e. the limit value by European Union Directive 2003/53/EC.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2022, 58, 2; art. no. 144445
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High Structural Stability and Adsorption Capacity of Zn/Al-Biochar and Cu/Al-Biochar Toward Adsorption of Cr(VI)
Autorzy:
Palapa, Neza Rahayu
Taher, Tarmizi
Siregar, Patimah Mega Syah Bahar Nur
Normah, -
Juleanti, Novie
Wijaya, Alfan
Badri, Arini Fousty
Lesbani, Aldes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
layered double hydroxide
chromium
adsorption
reusability
Opis:
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) Zn/Al and Cu/Al was synthesized by using the coprecipitation method under base condition at pH 10 following with formation of composites based on biochar (BC) to form Zn/Al-BC and Cu/ Al-BC. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, and thermal analyses. Furthermore, materials was applied as adsorbent of Cr(VI) on aqueous solution. The performance of composites as adsorbent was evaluated by reusability of adsorbent toward Cr(VI) adsorption process. The results showed that Cu/Al-BC and Zn/Al-BC can reuse the re-adsorption process with the adsorption ability of more than 60%. The adsorption capacity of Cu/ Al-BC and Zn/Al-BC was higher than that of starting materials and up to 384.615 mg/g for Cu/Al-BC and 666.667 mg/g for Zn/Al-BC. Both composites showed the potential adsorbents to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 4; 213-223
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Nanoparticles Added to Low- or High-Fat Diets on Chromium Biodistribution and the Blood Level of Selected Minerals in Rats
Autorzy:
Stępniowska, Anna
Juśkiewicz, Jerzy
Tutaj, Krzysztof
Fotschki, Joanna
Fotschki, Bartosz
Ognik, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159288.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-05
Wydawca:
Instytut Rozrodu Zwierząt i Badań Żywności Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Olsztynie
Tematy:
minerals
chromium
nanoparticles
high-fat diet
Opis:
The metabolism of chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) is interconnected, and their deficiency or excessive accumulation may lead to various disturbances, including anemia and diabetes. The current research was undertaken to determine whether low-fat or high-fat diets with the Cr(III) addition in the form of picolinate (CrPic) or nanoparticles (CrNPs) have an interactive effect on the retention and accumulation of this element in organs and the content of P, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn in the blood plasma of rats. The experiment was performed using 48 outbred male Wistar rats fed a low-fat or high-fat semi-purified rat diet with dietary addition of chromium at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight. The obtained results point to the paramount importance of the dietary Cr form on the excretion pattern of this microelement. It has been found that CrNPs were to a greater extent excreted from the rat’s body via urine and feces in comparison to CrPic, as indicated by the values of the Cr retention index (44.4 vs. 65.9%, respectively). The additional dietary Cr, irrespective of its form and diet type, was not accumulated in the analyzed internal organs, i.e. brain, spleen, kidneys, liver, thigh bone, and thigh muscle. It should be stressed that dietary CrPic, unlike CrNPs, added to the high-fat diet adversely reduced plasma concentration of vital minerals in comparison to the levels observed in rats fed the low-fat diet, i.e. Zn (60.5 vs. 69.9 µM), Cu (13.6 vs. 15.7 µM), and P (1.12 vs. 1.30 µM). In turn, the CrNPs, but not CrPic, added to the high-fat diet decreased plasma Fe level (1.41 vs. 2.43 µM).
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences; 2022, 72, 3; 229-238
1230-0322
2083-6007
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seasonal Changes in Chromium Content in the Water of the Bystrzyca River (Dolnoslaskie Province)
Sezonowe zmiany zawartości chromu w wodzie rzeki Bystrzycy (województwo dolnośląskie)
Autorzy:
Senze, M.
Kowalska-Góralska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/387960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
chrom
woda rzeczna
chromium
water rivers
Opis:
The study was conduct on the Bystrzyca river and its tributaries. The samples water were tested for chromium(VI). Chromium content in the waters covered by the study corresponded to that characteristic of surface waters in the areas of Poland with medium chromium pollution levels. Locally recorded higher concentrations were probably a result of discharges of municipal sewage or sewage from small industrial plant.
Badania prowadzono na rzece Bystrzycy i jej dopływach. W pobranych próbkach wody oznaczono zawartość chromu(VI). Zawartość chromu w badanych wodach utrzymuje się na poziomie charakterystycznym dla wód powierzchniowych obszaru Polski o średnim stopniu zanieczyszczenia chromem. Lokalnie notowane podwyższenia stężeń są najprawdopodobniej wynikiem miejscowych zrzutów ścieków komunalnych i pochodzących z niewielkich zakładów przemysłowych.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2012, 19, 4-5; 433-440
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of dead and living fungal biomass for removal of hexavalent chromium
Autorzy:
Holda, A.
Mlynarczykowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
hexavalent chromium
Aspergillus niger
biosorption
bioaccumulation
Opis:
The removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was carried out in batch experiments using dead and living biomass of Aspergillus niger. The effects of the operating parameters such as influent Cr(VI) concentration, influent pH and biomass concentration on the Cr(VI) reduction were investigated. The results indicates that the removal rate of Cr(VI) increased with a decrease in pH or with increase of Cr(VI) and biomass concentrations. For chromium bioaccumulation along with nutrients the process is the most intensive within the first 5 days of mycelium formation. For biosorption, the greatest binding of this metal is achieved within the first 4 days of the process.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2016, 52, 2; 551-563
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction and Biosorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Acid- -Modifi ed Guava Seeds: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies
Autorzy:
Ortíz-Gutiérrez, Marel
Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva, Ruth
Martínez-Miranda, Verónica
Hernández-Cristóbal, Orlando
Cortés-Martínez, Raúl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Guava seeds
chromium reduction
biosorption
isotherms
Opis:
The use of guava seeds (GS) and acid-modified guava seeds (MGS) for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Batch-type experiments were performed with Cr(VI) aqueous solutions and biosorbents to determine the kinetic and equilibrium sorption parameters. Results indicated that GS and MGS were capable of reducing and remove Cr(VI) from solutions, but the reduction was only observed at some experimental conditions. Infrared analysis showed that several functional groups were involved in the reduction, and biosorption of Cr(VI), particularly alcohol, phenolic, carboxylic, and methoxymethyl structures. The mechanisms of reduction and biosorption depended upon the type of biosorbent, pH, and temperature of the system. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the kinetic sorption data, and the Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) model describes the isotherm data in most cases. Significantly high total chromium biosorption capacities were obtained. Acid modification of guava seeds improves chromium biosorption performance.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2020, 22, 4; 36-47
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of alloying method on the structure and properties of sintered stainless steel
Autorzy:
Dudek, A.
Lisiecka, B.
Ulewicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sintered duplex stainless steel
chromium carbide
Opis:
Sintered duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) appear to be very interesting and promising materials that can be used in many industrial sectors. Ferrite improves material strength while austenite increases hardness and corrosion resistance. This study proposes a method to improve functional properties (e.g. hardness and wear resistance) by means of alloying the surface of the sintered duplex steel with Cr3C2 + 10% NiAl powder. The results of optical microscope metallography, SEM/EDX, XRD analysis and microhardness and wear resistance measurements are also presented. The surface alloying with Cr3C2 is a manufacturing method of surface layer hardening in sintered stainless steels and modification of surface layer properties such as hardness and coefficient of friction.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 281-287
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combined Adsorption of the Copper and Chromium Cations by Clinoptilolite of the Sokyrnytsya Deposit
Autorzy:
Sabadash, Vira
Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw
Lyuta, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
copper
chromium
heavy metals
adsorption
zeolite
Opis:
In the paper, the assessment of the impact of heavy metals on water objects, namely copper and chromium was performed, and the methods for their neutralization were defined. A scientifically grounded method for the selection of natural zeolite for the purification of wastewater from heavy metals has been developed, provided that they are jointly present. The physicochemical characteristics of two metals related to heavy metals are presented: copper and chromium. The methods for determining the sorption capacity of natural zeolite for copper and chromium compounds, as well as the methods of analytical control of the wastewater components were presented. The results of the experimental studies on the combined adsorption of copper and chromium cations by natural zeolite under static conditions were presented. The changes in the chemical composition of the zeolite surface as a result of heavy metal sorption have been investigated. The influence of the nature of the ions and the pH of the adsorption medium on the selectivity of the heavy metal ions extraction by zeolite was analyzed. A diagram of the composition of the solution, depending on the pH values, was constructed. The pH of the beginning of deposition of the corresponding heavy metal hydroxides on the zeolite surface was calculated. While analyzing the results of experimental studies on the combined adsorption of copper and chromium ions, it was found that the copper ions are significantly better adsorbed by the sorbent than the chromium ions. Despite the same concentration of the chromium and copper ions in solution, Cu2+ is extracted selectively. As can be seen from the results of experimental studies, the concentration of copper on the surface of the sorbent increases from 0.628% mass at a concentration of 0.01 g/dm3 to 47.380% mass at a concentration of 1 g/dm3. The studies on the static activity of clinoptilolite for the copper and chromium ions indicate a simultaneous mechanism of the process, which involves ion exchange and physical adsorption. The concentration of the chromium ions on the surface of the sorbent after adsorption depends on the increase of the concentration of Cr3+ in the original solution to a lesser extent. The results of the studies on the combined adsorption of the Cu2+ and Cr3+ ions indicate the possibility of their chromatographic separation, which makes their further use possible.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 5; 42-46
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of tungsten and titanium on the structure of chromium cast iron
Autorzy:
Kopyciński, D.
Piasny, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
żeliwo chromowe
węglik chromu
węglik tytanu
węglik wolframu
chromium cast iron
chromium carbide
titanium carbide
tungsten carbide
Opis:
The paper analyses the as-cast state structure of chromium cast iron designed for operation under harsh impact-abrasive conditions. In the process of chromium iron castings manufacture, very strong influence on the structure of this material have the parameters of the technological process. Among others, adding to the Fe-Cr-C alloy the alloying elements like tungsten and titanium leads to the formation of additional carbides in the structure of this cast iron, which may favourably affect the casting properties, including the resistance to abrasive wear.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 1; 57-60
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parametry stereologiczne węglików na przekroju odlewu z modyfikowanego żeliwa chromowego
Stereological parameters of carbides on section of casting made from modified chromium cast iron
Autorzy:
Studnicki, A.
Suchoń, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
żeliwo chromowe
węglik chromu
parametr stereologiczny
odlew modelowy
chromium cast iron
chromium carbide
stereological parameter
model casting
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono analizę parametrów stereologicznych węglików na przekroju odlewu modelowego wykonanego z modyfikowanego (mieszanina FeNb+FeV+MZR) żeliwa chromowego odpornego na zużycie ścierne . Zaobserwowano skokową zmianę niektórych parametrów stereologicznych węglików w pewnej odległości od powierzchni odlewu.
The analysis of stereological parameters of carbides on the section of the model casting made from modified (the mixture FeNb+FeV+RE) wear resistance chromium cast iron was introduced in the article. The jump change of some stereological parameters of carbides in certain distance from the surface of the casting was observed.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 209-214
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soil dehydrogenase activity in the presence of chromium [III] and [VI]
Autorzy:
Stepniewska, Z.
Wolinska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
chromium
metal
soil material
microorganism
dehydrogenase activity
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2005, 19, 1
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kinetic studies for the biosorption of chromium using cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.)
Autorzy:
Aathithya, R.
Sowparnika, J.R.
Balakrishnan, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
kinetics
biosorption
chromium
cherry
leaf
Muntingia calabura
Opis:
Biosorption is an attractive technology which is used for the sorption of substances by a biomaterial. In this present work the heavy metal chromium was subjected to biosorption because of their non-degradability nature and causes water and land pollution. Cherry leaves were used as a biomaterial for the biosorption. Kinetic studies were performed for the biosorption experiment. From the experiment it was found that the reaction follows pseudo first order reaction because of the larger value of regression coefficient R2 and lower value of standard errors (χ2) for pseudo first order reaction than second order reaction.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 20
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selective chromium III/VI separation in polymer inclusion membrane system
Autorzy:
Rajewski, J.
Religa, P.
Wojasiński, M.
Gierycz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
chromium separation
selectivity
D2EHPA
PIM
Opis:
Analyze of chromium(III) transport process from mixtures of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions with polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) system have been done. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) have been used as a carrier. It was found that the transport efficiency in PIM is dependent on the carrier concentration in the membrane. It was found that there is an optimal range of carrier concentration in the membrane, which ensures rapid and efficient transport. In studied system optimal D2EHPA concentration was in range between 0,9- 1,5 mol/dm3. Membrane worked as selective barrier for Cr(VI) ions. However increase of Cr(VI) concentration above 0,0005 mol/dm3 negatively influenced Cr(III) transport. It was caused by degradation of the polymer inclusion membrane made of cellulose triacetate (CTA) . Strongly oxidizing Cr(VI) ions can damage polymer inclusion membrane with CTA matrix. The chemical attack of strongly oxidant Cr(VI) ions could lead either to hydrolysis of the pendant acetyl group or to oxidation of polymer backbone leading to chain scission. Moreover, oxidation is accelerated at high concentration of Cr(VI) ions. The membrane containing D2EHPA as a carrier can be recommended for selective separation of Cr(III) ions only from diluted Cr(VI)/Cr(III) mixtures. However the polymer inclusion membrane need a change the polymer matrix.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2014, 5, 1; 15-19
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nanocomposite chromium coatings on aluminum alloys
Autorzy:
Gidikova, N.
Valov, R.
Petkov, V.
Sułowski, M.
Witkowska, M.
Cempura, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
chromium coating
aluminum
nanodiamond particles
electrochemical plating
Opis:
Chromium coatings modified with nanodiamond particles were deposited on aluminum alloys. The concentration of the nanodiamond particles in the chrome plating electrolyte was from 5 to 25 g/l. The thickness of the layer varied between 30 and 70 μm. The layers were prepared with the same electrolytic conditions and were measured with a metallographic microscope. The maximum microhardness of the coating was 840 kg/mm2. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed with a Siemens D500 apparatus using the Bragg-Brentano technique. The distribution of Cr, Al and O in the cross section was studied by SEM-EDS. It was found that the layers were homogenous – only consisted of chromium. The coatings were also studied for non-destructivity by X-ray 3D computed tomography. It was found that the coatings were intact and continuous along the section. In order to obtain the maximum yield of chromium and maximum thickness of the layer, the optimum nanodiamond particle concentration was 10 g/l.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2017, 57, 4; 241-244
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Organic Fertilisation of Liquid Manure and the PRP Fix Preparation on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Winter Rape Seeds and Spring Wheat Grain
Autorzy:
Możdżer, E.
Meller, E.
Sammel, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
lead
cadmium
chromium
metal fraction
sewage sludge
Opis:
In 2011–2013, a field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Evaluation in Szczecin-Dąbie. The experiment aimed at determining the effect of slurry without and with addition of increasing PRP Fix preparation doses on the crop yields and some of their qualitative traits. The soil where the experiment was set up was slightly acidic (pHKCL 5.95); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were 0.86, 1.55 and 2.70 g·kg-1 d.m., respectively. The total content of macro-elements for this type of soil was average. The content of bioavailable forms of phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur was average, while that of potassium was high. The content of organic carbon in soil was low, while the C:N ratio was 10.2:1 and was average for that type of soils. The obtained results show that the applied fertilisation with slurry combined with PRP Fix preparation and PK fertilisation increased the yield of winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain and the content of macro-elements being examined in them. The yields of the test plants were larger in the fertilisation objects where fertilisation with slurry with addition of 8 kg PRP Fix preparation per 1 m3 slurry was applied, when compared to those where only mineral fertilisation or slurry was used. Winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain usually contained more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur in the fertilisation objects being fertilised with slurry with PRP Fix preparation in the amount of 8 or 12 kg per 1 m3 slurry with additional PK fertilisation (experimental series II) compared to experimental series I without additional PK fertilisation. Differences in the content of macro-elements in test plants after application of the fertilisation scheme being used varied. These differences were not always significant.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 1; 139-146
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Synthetic Wastewater by Using Macro Algae Collected from Iraqi Marshlands
Autorzy:
Bahaa, Shaymaa
Al-Baldawi, Israa Abdulwahab
Yaseen, Safaa Rasheed
Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
adsorption
Cladophora
copper
cadmium
chromium
aqueous solutions
Opis:
Biosorption is fast, effective and low cost process. It takes place in a wide range of temperature and it can be used for almost all types of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of locally collected green macro algae to remove copper, chromium and cadmium from synthetic wastewater. The fresh algae were converted into dry powder as biosorbent. In the investigations, 1 g of macro algae powder was exposed to synthetic waste water contaminated with 10 mg/L concentration of copper, chromium and cadmium in separate exposure for 2 hours. The best removal efficiency for copper, chromium and cadmium were 70%, 80% and 85%, respectively, from the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. While macro algae are abundantly available in marshlands of south Iraq, it can be preferably utilized as biosorbent to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 11; 18-22
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phytoextraction of Cr by maize (Zea mays L.) : the role of plant growth promoting endophyte and citric acid under polluted soil
Autorzy:
Ali, J.
Mahmood, T.
Hayat, K.
Afridi, M. S.
Ali, F.
Chaudhary, H. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
maize
phytoextraction
chromium
citric acid
Burkholderia vietnamiensis
Opis:
High chromium (Cr) toxicity has turned into a serious environmental concern. Cr contaminated agronomic soils negatively affect the growth and yield of crops. Current research was conducted to enhance the phytoextraction potential of maize by using Burkholderia vietnamiensis and citric acid (CA). Plants were subjected to three concentrations of Cr (0.86, 350, and 500 ppm). A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with completely randomized design (CRD). After 72 days of experiment, plants were harvested to analyze the morphological and biochemical attributes of soil, bacteria and plant. Results revealed that plant fresh, dry biomass, root, shoot length and chlorophyll contents significantly increased by 56%, 50%, 58%, 78% and 60%, respectively, at 500 ppm Cr concentration in combine treatment of B. vietnamiensis and CA. Maize plants treated with both B. vietnamiensis and CA significantly increased the bioaccumulation (BA) of Cr up to 50% and translocation factor (TF) by 31%. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline and peroxidase dismutase (POD) activities in leaves were markedly increased by 30%, 42% and 15%, respectively, when treated with CA. Current study reveals that exogenous co-application of B. vietnamiensis + CA enhance plant growth by alleviating heavy metal stress and accelerate the phytoextraction of Cr. Taking into account the heavy metal tolerance and accumulation capacity, Zea mays is suitable for phytoremediation of contaminated soils in combination with B. vietnamiensis and CA.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2018, 44, 2; 73-82
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficient chromium removal from aqueous solutions by precipitate flotation using rhamnolipid biosurfactants
Autorzy:
Shojaei, V.
Khoshdast, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
kinetics
wastewater
chromium
rhamnolipid biosurfactant
precipitate flotation
Opis:
In the present research study, the efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by precipitate flotation method was investigated. The experiments were carried out with the use of ferrous sulfate as a precipitating agent for chromium and rhamnolipid bio surfactant (RL) as a precipitate collector. The effects of rhamnolipid and co-precipitate concentrations, aeration rate, solution pH, and salt addition on the chromium removal were studied using a full factorial design. The chromium removal and water recovery to foam products were analyzed as process responses. Statistical analyses showed that the effects of all factors on the chromium removal followed a non-linear trend with a peak at the middle level. After the process optimization, the maximum chromium removal of 96.75±0.3% was obtained at pH value of 8, RL/Cr ratio of 0.01, Fe/Cr ratio of 3, and aeration rate of 50 cm3/min. Addition of salt with different cationic and anionic groups negatively influenced the removal efficiency. Kinetic studies suggested that the process of chromium removal by the precipitate flotation followed the first-order process with a rate constant of about 0.018 sec-1. Given the good removal capacity and kinetics, rhamnolipid biosurfactants can be a promising environmental-friendly bio collector for the removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 3; 1014-1025
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selective solvent extraction of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by octafunctionalized resorcin[4]arenes
Autorzy:
Kończyk, Joanna
Dlugosz, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
solvent extraction
lead
chromium
calixresorcinarene
metal removal
Opis:
This paper presents the results of the study on the extraction capacity of 1,8,15,22-tetra(1- heptyl)resorcin[4]arene and its octasubstituted derivatives containing thiophosphoryl, ester and amide groups in the presence of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) in solvent extraction process. Effects of the structure and concentration of the resorcinarene extractant and the composition of the aqueous phase as well as its acidity on the efficiency and selectivity of removal of the examined metal ions from model aqueous solutions were determined. The 1:1 stoichiometry for complexes formed between Pb(II) and Cr(III) and the octasubstituted resorcin[4]arenes was determined by classical slope analysis and loading test.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2020, 56, 2; 271-285
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chromium Ions Removal by Capacitive Deionization Process: Optimization of the Operating Parameters with Response Surface Methodology
Autorzy:
Issa, Zainab M.
Salman, Rasha H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
capacitive deionization
electrosorption
carbon fibre
chromium
wastewater
Opis:
An innovative desalination method called electrosorption or capacitive deionization (CDI) has significant benefits for wastewater treatment. This process is performed by using a carbon fiber electrode as a working electrode to remove hexavalent chromium ions from an aqueous solution. The pH, NaCl concentration, and cell voltage were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design (BDD) in response surface methodology (RSM) to study the effects and interactions of selected variables. To attain the relationship between the process variables and chromium removal, the experimental data were subjected to an analysis of variance and fitted with a quadratic model. The optimum conditions to remove Cr(VI) ions were: pH of 2, a cell voltage of 4.3V, and NaCl concentration of 1.4 g/L. This study demonstrated that the carbon fiber electrode was very efficient in Cr(VI) ions removal and the BBD methodology was a practical and effective strategy for predicting the results of various experimental conditions during a CDI process for the removal of chromium ions.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 1; 51--65
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Problems in Achieving Sustainable Development in the Tannery Industry in Regard to Sewage Sludge Management
Autorzy:
Bień, J.
Celary, P.
Wystalska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124152.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
sustainable development
tannery industry
sewage sludge
chromium
Opis:
The paper discusses the issue of tannery sewage sludge management as one of the barriers in reaching sustainable development in the tanning industry. The Authors present the main characteristics, and its origins, of tannery sludge limiting the possibilities of their treatment and review the proposed solutions found in literature. The paper focuses on identifying the strong and weak points of the most commonly used methods used for sewage sludge treatment as well as presents some novel approaches which remain at laboratory stage.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 6; 13-20
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fractionation of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cr and Cd) In Municipal Sewage Sluges from Podlasie Province
Autorzy:
Łukowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
lead
cadmium
chromium
metal fraction
sewage sludge
Opis:
In the samples of fresh dehydrated sewage sludges from municipal treatment plants in Grajewo, Bielsk Podlaski, Sokółka, Dąbrowa Białostocka, Knyszyn, Mońki, Augustów, Suwałki, Sejny and Suchowola the following determinations were made: pH, pseudo-total content of Pb, Cd and Cr, organic matter and dry mass. The contents of the above-mentioned elements in fractions were evaluated using modified BCR method (four fractions: 1-acid soluble and exchangeable, 2-reducible, 3-oxidizable, 4-residual). The lead content (mean values) in particular fractions can be arranged quantitatively in a sequence: F4 (51.4%) > F2 (30.3%) > F3 (19.2%) > F1 (7.2%), in the case of cadmium: F4 (49.0%) > F2 (23.6%) > F3 (18.9%) > F1 (15.5%) and in the case of chromium: F4 (65.0%) > F3 (30.6%) > F2 (6.8%) > F1 (3.1%). Cumulative content of lead in mobile fractions (F1+F2+F3) ranged from 20.7% to 89.9%; for cadmium from 32.9% to 76.9% and for chromium from 27.5 to 58.6% of pseudo-total content.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 1; 132-138
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantitative analysis of stability of 9%Cr steel microstructure after long-term ageing
Autorzy:
Golański, G.
Jasak, J.
Zieliński, A.
Kolan, C.
Urzynicok, M.
Wieczorek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high-chromium martensitic steels
microstructure
carbide precipitation
Opis:
The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure of martensitic X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91) and X13CrMoCo- VNbNB9-2-1 (PB2) steel subject to long-term ageing at the temperature of 620°C and holding times up to 30 000 hours. The microstructural tests of the examined steel types were performed using a scanning microscope Joel JSM - 6610LV and a transmission electron microscope TITAN 80 - 300. The stability of the microstructure of the investigated steels was analyzed using a quantitative analysis of an image, including measurements of the following: the density of dislocations inside martensite/subgrain laths, the width of martensite laths, and the mean diameter of precipitates. It has been concluded that during long-term ageing, the microaddition of boron in PB2 steel significantly influenced the slowing of the process of degradation of the martensitic steel microstructure, as a result of slowing the process of coagulation of M23C6 carbides and Laves phase. It had a favorable effect on the stabilization of lath microstructure as a result of retardation of the processes of recovery and polygonization of the matrix.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 263-271
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removal of chromium from aqueous solutions using Derris indica wood based activated carbon. Adsorption batch studies
Autorzy:
Ulaganathan, S.
Govindan, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
adsorption
activated carbon
chromium
isotherms
adsorption kinetics
chromium removal
adsorpcja
węgiel aktywowany
chrom
izotermy
kinetyka adsorpcji
usuwanie chromu
Opis:
Adsorption efficiency in removal of chromium from waste water has been studied using Derris indica based activated carbon by conducting batch adsorption tests. Adsorption kinetics of chromium removal by Derris indica was examined by varying factors such as pH and concentration of synthetic solution and dosage of activated carbon. It has been found that the Derris indica based activated carbon is able to remove 80 mg/dm3 of chromium from aqueous solution by dosage of 0.8 g/150 cm3 with optimum contact time of 15 min. The isotherm data confirms with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm forms.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2013, 39, 3; 21-29
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructural characteristic of N2 shielding gas in coating FeCrC composite to the surface of AISI 1030 steel with PTA method
Wpływ zawartości azotu w gazie osłonowym na mikrostrukturę powłok FeCrC na stali AISI 1030 otrzymanych metodą napylania plazmowego
Autorzy:
Yildiz, T.
Kaya Gür, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
napylanie plazmowe
modyfikacja powierzchni
węglik chromu
mikrostruktura
plasma transferred arc coating
surface modifications
chromium carbide
chromium nitrurs
microstructure
Opis:
In this study, FeCrC powder was alloyed on the surface of AISI 1030 steel with FeCrC powder having 70% Cr ratio with the Plasma Transferred Arc Welding Method. In the coating process performed with the Plasma Transferred Arc Welding Method, N2 gas at 1-3-5% ratio was added to the shielding gas. The coating layer was analysed using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractogram (XRD) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). As a result of optical microscope and microstructure analyses, it was determined that the coating layer and the sub-layer were connected to each other metallurgical and there were austenite ( γ), Fe-Cr, Fe23(C)6, and Cr7C3 phase and carbides and CrN in the structure.
W pracy badano nakładanie powłok z proszku FeCrC o zawartości 70% chromu na powierzchni stali AISI 1030 metodą PTA. W czasie nakładania powłoki zawartość azotu w gazie ochronnym wynosiła 1, 3, 5%. Uzyskane powłoki badane były za pomocą mikroskopii optycznej, skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej, dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej i mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej. W oparciu o wyniki obserwacji i analiz mikrostruktury stwierdzono, że powłoka i warstwa pośrednia połączone są ze sobą metalurgicznie. Stwierdzono obecność austenitu, Fe-Cr, Fe23(C)6, Cr7C3 oraz węglików i CrN w mikrostrukturze.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2011, 56, 3; 723-729
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelowy opis separacji jonów Cr(III) z mieszaniny Cr(III)/Cr(VI) w układzie z ciekłą membraną immobilizowaną (SLM)
Model of Cr(III) separation from Cr(III)/Cr(VI) mixture in a supported liquid membrane system (SLM)
Autorzy:
Rajewski, J.
Zalewski, M.
Gierycz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
separacja chromu
D2EHPA
SLM
chromium separation
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono model matematyczny separacji jonów Cr(III) z mieszaniny Cr(III)/Cr(VI) przyjmując jako założenie, że efekt końcowy procesu transportu w SLM uzależniony jest głównie od nagromadzenia substancji pośrednich w membranie (typowa cecha reakcji następczych nieodwracalnych) Stwierdzono, iż obecność jonów Cr(VI) ma negatywny wpływ na kinetykę i efektywność separacji. Zwiększenie burzliwości układu niweluje niekorzystny wpływ jonów Cr(VI). W efekcie uzyskano zadowalającą kompatybilność wyników eksperymentalnych z przebiegami modelowymi.
Based on the assumption that a transport process result in the SLM, in particular, depends on accumulation of intermediate products in the membrane (a typical feature of consecutive first-order reactions), a mathematical model of Cr(III) from Cr(III)/Cr(VI) mixture separation is proposed. It was found that the presence of Cr(VI) has a negative impact on transport kinetics and separation efficiency. The increase of solution turbulence reduces this negative effect. A satisfactory compatibility of experiments and model results were obtained.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2015, 4; 198--200
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany stężenia chromu w wodzie zbiornika zaporowego w Lubachowie w okresie stagnacji letniej i zimowej
Changes of chromium concentration water of dam reservoir in Lunachow during suumer and winter stagnation
Autorzy:
Senze, M.
Kowalska-Góralska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/126190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
chrom
zbiorniki zaporowe
woda
chromium
dam reservoirs
water
Opis:
Przeprowadzono badania zawartości chromu w wodzie zbiornika zaporowego Lubachów w okresie stagnacji letniej i zimowej. Stwierdzono niską zawartość chromu w wodzie, utrzymującą się na poziomie charakterystycznym dla wód powierzchniowych obszaru Polski o średnim stopniu zanieczyszczenia chromem.
Chromium contents in the water of the Lubachow dam reservoir were measured during summer and winter stagnation. Its accumulation was low, the level was like in waters of Polish medium polluted water area.
Źródło:
Proceedings of ECOpole; 2010, 4, 2; 483-487
1898-617X
2084-4557
Pojawia się w:
Proceedings of ECOpole
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Alloying Elements on Properties and Structure of High Chromium Cast Irons
Autorzy:
Kaňa, V.
Záděra, A.
Krutiš, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high chromium cast irons
wear resistance
carbides
refinement
Opis:
The paper deals with hypereutectic high chromium cast irons. The subject of examination was the effect of various alloying elements (Ti, W, Mo, V) on the size of primary carbides and on the resultant material hardness. Using a scanning electron microscope with a wave dispersion analyser, the carbon content in carbides was established. To determine the other elements, an energy dispersion analyser was used. It was found that both the primary and the eutectic carbides were of the M7C3 type and very similar in composition. The carbides always contained Cr and Fe, and also W, Mo, V or Ti, in dependence on the alloying elements used. The structure of materials containing only chromium without any alloying additions exhibited coarse acicular primary carbides. The structure of materials alloyed with another element was always finer. Marked refinement was obtained by Ti alloying.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 609-614
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Composite Coatings of Chromium and Nanodiamond Particles on Steel
Autorzy:
Gidikova, N.
Sulowski, M.
Petkov, V.
Valov, R.
Cempura, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
composite chromium coating
nanodiamond particles
SEM-EDS analysis
Opis:
Chrome plating is used to improve the properties of metal surfaces like hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance in machine building. To further improve these properties, an electrodeposited chromium coating on steel, modified with nanodiamond particles is proposed. The nanodiamond particles (average size 4 nm measured by TEM) are produced by detonation synthesis (NDDS). The composite coating (Cr+NDDS) has an increased thickness, about two times greater microhardness and finer micro-structure compared to that of unmodified chromium coating obtained under the same galvanization conditions. In the microstructure of specimen obtained from chrome electrolyte with concentration of NDDS 25 g/l or more, “minisections” with chromium shell were found. They were identified by metallographic microscope and X-ray analyser on etched section of chromium plated sample. The object of further research is the dependence of the presence of NDDS in the composite coating from the nanodiamond particles concentration in the chroming electrolyte.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2421-2424
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Fe-Ti Inoculation on Solidification, Structure and Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Cast Iron
Autorzy:
Kopyciński, D.
Siekaniec, D.
Szczęsny, A.
Guzik, E.
Nowak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high chromium cast iron
inoculation
titanium
mechanical properties
Opis:
The results of studies of the effect of different amounts of the Fe-Ti inoculant on structure and selected mechanical properties of High Chromium Cast Iron (conventionally abbreviated as HCCI) are presented. The main purpose of the inoculation is structure refinement and hence the improvement of casting properties. Generally considered a strong carbide-forming element, titanium is an effective inoculant for the high chromium cast iron. However, there is an optimal amount of titanium addition beyond which the mechanical properties begin to deteriorate. The studies enabled determining the amount of Fe-Ti inoculant optimal for the cast iron of a given chemical composition.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2183-2187
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biological removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by trichoderma viride
Autorzy:
Holda, A.
Kisielowska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
bioaccumulation
chromium
Cr(VI)
microscopic fungi
Trichoderma viride
Opis:
The paper presents biological removing of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution by applying autochtonic fungi seedling of Trichoderma viride originated from chromium mud samples. The growth of organism and removing of chromium(VI) was performed in aqueous solution of various chromium(VI) contents and at optimal value of pH. During 14 days of incubation, samples of 5 cm3 each were collected every day for determination of chromium(VI) in solution and the efficiency of biological removal was specified. Since removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution may occur because of reduction, biosorption or bioaccumulation processes, to determine which one occurred, the Cr(III) contents were determined in samples of the medium as well in ooze after mycelium irrigating and in mycelium.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2013, 49, 1; 47-60
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electrolyte coatings of chromium with nanodiamonds on sintered steels
Autorzy:
Gidikova, N.
Valov, R.
Petkov, V.
Salamci, E.
Bilgili, Z.
Unal, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
sintered products
chromium coating
wear resistance
corrosion resistance
Opis:
Sintered ferrous components were coated with electrochemical chromium coatings modified with nanodiamond particles. The nanodiamond particles were produced by detonation synthesis with an average grain size 8 nm. The objective of this study was to determine the tribological properties and the corrosion resistance of sintered iron samples coated with an electrochemically deposited chromium layer modified with nanodiamond particles. The thickness of the obtained composite coatings was more than 25 μm. The microstructure and microhardness were determined by metallographic methods. The mechanical and chemical properties of the samples were compared to uncoated samples prepared from the same iron powder. The microhardness was 5 times higher, the wear resistance increased 6 times and the corrosion resistance in 0.1 M NaCl solution was 10 times higher.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2017, 57, 4; 333-336
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chromium induced changes in Soybean (Glycine max L.) metabolism
Autorzy:
Sundarmoorthy, P.
Sankarganesh, K.
Selvaraj, M.
Baskaran, L.
Chidambaram, Al. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Chromium
biochemical contents
enzymatic activities
morphology
soybean seedlings
Opis:
Pulses play an important role in Indian agriculture. Among the pulses, soybean (Glycine max. L) occupies a unique place by becoming the largest source of vegetable oil and protein. It is widely cultivated in India and occupy 5th largest production of soybean in the world. Industrialization and population explosion has caused a serious problem of pollution in the environment in all possible ways. As a result, most of the water resources are getting polluted by receiving large quantity of sewages and industrial wastewaters with heavy metals. In some places, these polluted water is being used for irrigation due to scarcity for good water. The continuous use of these wastewater containing heavy metals degraded the soil quality and reduced the growth and yield performance of agricultural crops. Aresenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, uranium, vanadium and zinc are the some of the important heavy metals found in our environment. Among the heavy metals, chromium merits a special reference for its toxic potential. It is released from the industries such as electroplating, leather tanning, textile printing and metal finishing. It is one of the main constitutions of tannery effluent. Presence of excess amount of chromium in the wastewater affect the plant growth and development when it is used for irrigation. So, Laboratory study was carried to investigate the irrigational impact of various concentrations of Cr (5, 10, 25, 50 100, 200 and 300 µg/l) on changes in morphological (germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid) biomolecules (aminoacid, protein, sugar, proline) and antioxidant enzymatic activities (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and super oxide dismutase) were estimated. The accumulation of chromium in soybean seedlings were estimated and they were correlated with the above mentioned parameters.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2015, 16; 125-158
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kinetic modeling of chromium(III) extraction with aliquat 336 from alkaline aqueous solutions containing chlorides
Autorzy:
Wionczyk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
extraction
chromium(III) chloride
Aliquat 33
kinetic analysis
Opis:
The effects of time, composition and history of preparation of the aqueous phase on the liquidliquid extraction of chromium(III) with Aliquat 336 from the aqueous alkaline solutions containing chlorides were studied. At time far from the equilibrium the yield and initial rate of the chromium(III) extraction depend on NaOH concentration, ionic strength of the aqueous phase and the way of its preparation. At the constant composition of the feed solution, rate of the Cr(III) extraction in approach to the equilibrium is higher when chromium(III) is extracted from the alkaline aqueous phase freshly prepared by direct dissolution of a weighted sample of CrCl3 than from that obtained by dilution of aged stock solution of CrCl3. Kinetic analysis by the mathematical models showed that within the whole period of time needed to reach the equilibrium, the rate of the Cr(III) extraction is limited by the second-, and third-order chemical reaction towards Cr(III), irrespective of composition and preparation history of the aqueous phase. The three-dimensional diffusion and chemical reaction at phase boundary substrateproduct (the contracting volume) models have a significant effect on the chromium(III) extraction within the initial extent of the process.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2013, 49, 2; 587-605
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics and Adsorption Test of Activated Carbon from Indonesian Bituminous Coal
Autorzy:
Kusdarini, Esthi
Budianto, Agus
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
ammonium phosphate
coal
batik waste
activated carbon
chromium
Opis:
The fast-growing batik industry in Indonesia raises the problem of the waste containing chromium. One method to remove chromium is by the adsorption process using activated carbon. Activated carbon can be made from coal. This commodity is a mining mineral the availability of which is still abundant in Indonesia. This study aimed to obtain: 1) the best concentration of activator and activation temperature in the manufacture of activated carbon; 2) characteristics of activated carbon (moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, iodine number, specific surface area, pore-volume, pore surface area, pore radius, and SEM photos); 3) % activated carbon removal for chromium and maximum adsorption capacity for chromium; 4) Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation of activated carbon to chromium. The manufacture of activated carbon was carried out by a carbonization process followed by a chemical and physical activation processes. The chemical activator was ammonium phosphate with doses of 74.5 g/L, 149 g/L, 223.5 g/L, and 298 g/L. Meanwhile, physical activation was carried out at 848 K, 948 K, 1048 K, and 1148 K. The next step was to test the adsorption capacity of activated carbon on artificial batik waste containing chromium. The results showed that: 1) activator concentration did not significantly affect the characteristics of activated carbon. Meanwhile, the optimal activation temperature is at a temperature of 1048 K and 1148 K, which can produce the activated carbon that meets the requirements of activated carbon of the Indonesian National Standard 06-3730-1995 with the following contents: air content 0.16–0.81%; volatile matter 14.62–19.31%; ash 6.48–9.97%; fixed carbon 70.60–75.79%; iodine number 1243.13–1258.65%; specific surface area 31.930 m2/g; activated carbon pore volume 0.011 cc/g; pore surface area 8.905 m2/g; activated carbon pore radius 30.614; 3) the proportion of activated carbon removal for chromium is 37–53% and the maximum adsorption capacity for chromium is 52 mg/g; 4) the Freundlich equation test resulted in a constant R2 of 0.5126, n 2.4870, KF 8.8818 mg/g, while the Langmuir equation test resulted in a constant R2 of 0.8897, b -0.0075 L/mg, qm -90.0901 mg/g.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 10; 129--138
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chromium Elimination from Contaminated Soil by Electro-Kinetic Remediation, Using Garlic Peels Powder
Autorzy:
Hawal, Laith Hamdan
Al-Sulttani, Ali Omran
Kariem, Nagam Obaid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
chromium
soil
electrokinetic
removal percentage
garlic peels powder
Opis:
In this paper, an electro-kinetic technique was applied to remove chromium from contaminated soil. This technique is appropriate for the soils with low permeability. Various experiments were carried out under different operating conditions, including various purging solutions. Garlic peels powder (GPP) was used in this study as a cheap adsorbent substance to avert the flow of reverse osmosis, which may affect the removal percentage. The results proved that the removal percentage increased as the pH of the purging solutions decreased. The first three experiments were performed with purging solution at pH of 4, 6, and 8 respectively. The highest removal percentage was 66.3% at pH of 4 compared to the other two experiments at pH of 6 and 8, where the removal percentages were 53.3% and 49.7%, respectively. This paper showed that the percentage of chromium removal decreased along with the voltage. The removal percentage at 1.5 V/cm was 66.3%, while at 1 V/cm was 61%. Garlic peels powder (GPP) is considered as an effective adsorbent material to avert the reverse osmosis flow. Therefore, the use of this material in this study will give a new impression on the application of these products as an absorbent medium.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 7; 252-259
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Novel lignocellulosic wastes for comparative adsorption of Cr(VI): equilibrium kinetics and thermodynamic studies
Autorzy:
Haroon, H.
Gardazi, S. M. H.
Butt, T. A.
Pervez, A.
Mahmood, Q.
Bilal, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778473.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
chromium VI
equilibrium kinetics
lignocellulosic waste adsorbents
thermodynamics
Opis:
Cr(VI) adsorption was studied for abundantly available low-cost lignocellulosic adsorbents in Pakistan namely, tobacco stalks (TS), white cedar stem (WCS) and eucalyptus bark (EB). Several process variables like contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, metal concentration, particle size and temperature were optimized in batch mode. EB showed high Cr(VI) adsorption of 63.66% followed by WCS 62% and TS 57% at pH 2, which is higher than most of the reported literature. Langmuir isotherm (R2  = 0.999) was well fitted into the equilibrium Cr(VI) data of EB, suggesting homogeneous active sites and monolayer coverage of Cr(VI) onto the EB surface. Freundlich (R2  = 0.9982) isotherm was better fitted to the equilibrium data of TS and WCS, revealing the adsorption sites with heterogeneous energy distribution and multilayer Cr(VI) adsorption. Moreover, the Cr(VI) adsorption of studied adsorbents followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic properties were investigated in two temperature ranges, i.e., T1  (303–313 K) and T2  (313–323 K). TS and EB showed the exothermic at T1 and endothermic reactions at T2 with entropy controlled adsorption at the solid-liquid interface, and WCS exhibited an opposite thermal trend with decreasing disorderness at solid-liquid interface as temperature rises. Gibbs free energy (ΔG>0) confirmed the non-spontaneous adsorption process for all studied adsorbents.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2017, 19, 2; 6-15
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction of Total Chromium Levels from Raw Tannery Wastewater via Electrocoagulation using Response Surface Methodology
Autorzy:
Aguilar-Ascón, Edwar
Marrufo-Saldaña, Liliana
Neyra-Ascón, Walter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
chromium
electrocoagulation
tannery wastewater
aluminum electrodes
response surface
Opis:
This study focused on reducing total chromium levels in raw wastewater from the leather tanning industry via electrocoagulation to comply with maximum permissible limits (MPL) and to determine the effects of main process parameters. An electrocoagulation reactor was built using aluminum electrodes as an anode and cathode. Then, the response surface methodology was applied using a 3k factorial design considering three factors, namely current intensity, treatment time, and pH. The total chromium removal percentage was considered as a response variable. 99% of the total chromium found in wastewater could be removed after 14-min treatment at 2-A current intensity and pH 5.5. Similar amount of chromium was removed at pH of 8.5 and 7. Statistical analysis performed at a confidence level of p < 0.05 revealed that all three factors influenced electrocoagulation. Total chromium could be efficiently removed from raw wastewater at a current intensity of 2.9 A, a pH of 8.4, and a treatment time of 21 min, suggesting that electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes is an efficient method for total chromium removal. Thus, this process must be considered as a solution to the problems caused by the leather tanning industry and for better compliance with the MPL established in the Peruvian environmental standards.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 11; 217-224
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chitosan microspheres prepared by membrane emulsification for chromium removal from aqueous solutions
Autorzy:
Wolska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
biosorption
chitosan
chromium VI
membrane emulsification
microspheres
modification
Opis:
Chitosan is naturally abundant biopolymer that could be used as chelating sorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this study the uniform-sized chitosan microspheres and their modified derivatives were prepared by using the one stage membrane emulsification process. The obtained sorbents were used for removal of chromium VI ions. The sorption evaluation was carried out at different initial ion concentrations and allowed to fit the experimental data to Langmuir isotherm in the case of unmodified materials and to Freundlich isotherm in the case of modified microspheres. The highest sorption towards chromium has been shown by unmodified chitosan with medium molecular weight. The calculated maximum sorption capacity for this polymer was found to be 1.6 mmol/g.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2016, 21; 203-216
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adsorpcja z roztworów wodnych różnych form chromu
Adsorptions from Water Solutions Differents Forms of Chromium on the Five Activated Carbons
Autorzy:
Lach, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
adsorpcja
węgle aktywne
chrom
adsorption
activated carbon
chromium
Opis:
Tematem badań była ocena skuteczności adsorpcji chromu(III) oraz chromu(VI) z roztworów jednoskładnikowych oraz dwuskładnikowych, w których występują one równocześnie. Badania adsorpcji prowadzono z roztworów o pH 6, w których Cr(III) przyjmuje formy Cr(OH)2+ i Cr(OH)+2 , a Cr(VI) HCrO-4 i CrO2-4. Jony Cr(III) i Cr(VI) są więc w czasie adsorpcji niekonkurencyjne, ponieważ zajmują inne miejsca aktywne na powierzchni sorbentów. Istnieje jednak możliwość blokowania porów, a tym samym dostępu do miejsc aktywnych. W badaniach przeanalizowano wielkość adsorpcji Cr(III) i Cr(VI) z roztworów jednoskładnikowych oraz Cr(VI) z roztworów dwuskładnikowych na pięciu węglach aktywnych stosowanych w stacjach uzdatniania wody: F-100, F-300, WG-12, Picabiol, ROW 08 Supra. W większości przypadków (z wyjątkiem węgla WG-12) sorpcja kationów Cr(III) była większa niż anionów Cr(VI). Obecność w roztworze obok anionów Cr(VI) kationów Cr(III) wpłynęła pozytywnie na efekty adsorpcji. Uszeregowano badane węgle aktywne ze względu na wielkość adsorpcji kationów Cr(III) i Cr(VI) w stosunku do wielkości powierzchni właściwej i ilości ugrupowań kwasowo-zasadowych. Ustalono, że decydująca jest budowa chemiczna powierzchni węgla, a nie jego powierzchnia właściwa.
The topic of research was assessment of the effectiveness adsorptions of chromium (III) and chromium(IV) from monocomponents and binary solutions in which they are at the same time. The research was conducted from solutions the pH = 6 in which Cr(II) has forms Cr(OH)2+ and + 2 Cr(OH) , Cr(VI) has forms − 4 HCrO and 2 4 CrO . Ions Cr(III) and Cr(VI) during the process of adsorptions are noncompetitive because they have different active locations on sorbents area. However there is possibility to block the porous thus access to active locations. In the research analysed amount of adsorptions Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from monocomponents solutions and Cr(VI) with policomponents solutions on the five activated carbons use in water treatment plant: F-100, F-300, WG-12, Picabiol, ROW 08 Supra. The most of cases (except for carbon WG-12) the sorptions of cations Cr(III) was larger quantity than anions Cr(VI). Presences in solutions next to anions Cr(VI) cations Cr(III) have a positive impact on adsorption effects.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, 16, 3; 397-403
1505-3695
2391-7253
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by adsorption on γ-alumina nanoparticles
Autorzy:
Golestanifar, H.
Haibati, B.
Amini, H.
Dehghani, M. H.
Asadi, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
adsorption
alumina
aluminum
chemicals removal
water treatment
chromium
chromium compounds
nanoparticles
sorption
alumina nanoparticles
hexavalent chromium
adsorpcja
aluminium
usuwanie chemikaliów
uzdatnianie wody
chrom
związki chromu
nanocząstki
sorpcja
nanocząstki tlenku glinu
chrom sześciowartościowy
Opis:
The use of γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) nanoparticles as adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was investigated using batch experiments. Adsorption experiments were carried out for various initial doses of Al2O3, initial concentrations of chromium(VI), contact times and pH. The structure and morphology of the sorbent was characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. Results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of chromium(VI) was increased by increasing the contact time, initial concentration, and pH. The results of the study showed that adsorption of chromium by γ-alumina nanoparticles reached equilibrium after 60 min and after that a little change of chromium removal efficiency was observed. Furthermore, kinetics of chromium sorption was well fitted by pseudo-second order kinetic model, and well explained by the Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.992). Overall, alumina nanoparticles recognized as an effective sorbent to remove chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2015, 41, 2; 133-145
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Some Substances on Content of Selected Components in Soils Contaminated with Chromium
Wpływ niektórych substancji na zawartość wybranych składników w glebach zanieczyszczonych chromem
Autorzy:
Wyszkowski, M.
Radziemska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/388633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
zanieczyszczenie
chrom(III)
chrom(VI)
kompost
zeolit
tlenek wapna
kwasowość
contamination
chromium(III)
chromium(VI)
compost
zeolite
calcium oxide
soil
acidity
Opis:
The effect of soil contamination with increasing doses of tri- and hexavalent chromium (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg Cr kg–1 of soil) was determined on various properties of soil after cultivation of plants and the neutralizing effect of compost (3 %), zeolite (3 %) and calcium oxide (1 HA) on the contamination. Triand hexavalent chromium in soil, as well as the substances added to it significantly modified its basic physicochemical properties. Contamination of soil with tri- and hexavalent chromium reduced soil acidity and increased total exchangeable base cations, cation exchange capacity and base saturation. Hexavalent chromium had a greater effect on pH and hydrolytic acidity (but not on the total exchangeable base cation or cation exchange capacity) than trivalent forms of the metal. An addition of calcium oxide to the soil effectively neutralized the effect of contamination on the tested properties as it significantly decreased hydrolytic acidity. However, it also reduced total exchangeable base cations and cation exchange capacity – only with chromium(III) as compared with the control series (with no additives). The effect of the other substances was weaker and more positive in the case of compost than zeolite, especially in the objects with hexavalent chromium.
W doświadczeniu wazonowym badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby wzrastającymi dawkami chromu trój- i sześciowartościowego (0, 25, 50, 100 i 150 [mg Cr kg-1 gleby]) na wybrane właściwości gleby po zbiorze roślin oraz oddziaływania kompostu (3 %), zeolitu (3 %) i tlenku wapnia (1 Hh) na łagodzenie skutków tego zanieczyszczenia. Zanieczyszczenie gleby chromem trój- i sześciowartościowym miało duży wpływ na pH, kwasowość hydrolityczną i pozostałe właściwości badanej gleby. Zanieczyszczenie gleby chromem trój- i sześciowartościowym spowodowało zmniejszenie zakwaszenia gleby oraz zwiększenie sumy wymiennych kationów zasadowych, całkowitej pojemności wymiennej i stopnia wysycenia kationami zasadowymi. Chrom sześciowartościowy w stosunku do trójwartościowego znacznie silniej oddziaływał na pH i kwasowość hydrolityczną, w odróżnieniu od sumy wymiennych kationów zasadowych i całkowitej pojemności wymiennej. Dodatek do gleby tlenku wapnia skutecznie łagodził oddziaływanie zanieczyszczenia gleby chromem na badane właściwości gleby, gdyż znacznie zmniejszył kwasowość hydrolityczną. Jednakże ograniczył także sumę wymiennych kationów zasadowych oraz pojemność wymienną - tylko w przypadku chromu(III), w porównaniu z serią kontrolną (bez dodatków). Wpływ pozostałych substancji był mniejszy i bardziej korzystny w przypadku kompostu niż zeolitu, szczególnie w obiektach z chromem sześciowartościowym.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2011, 18, 11; 1497-1504
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stereological Analysis of Carbides in Hypoeutectic Chromium Cast Iron
Autorzy:
Gromczyk, M.
Kondracki, M.
Studnicki, A.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stereological parameter
Fe-C-Cr alloy
chromium carbide
chromium cast iron
parametr stereologiczny
stop Fe-C-Cr
węglik chromu
żeliwo chromowe
Opis:
The results of research on stereological parameters of carbides in modified hypoeutectic chromium cast iron were shown in the paper. The effect of distance the casting heat centre of casting to the carbide phase morphology was examined. The samples for metallographic examination were taken from various locations of the model casting prepared in a special tester. This model casting was designed to simulate the solidification of heavy castings. Using the proposed methodology the relation of the distance from the model mould and the size, perimeter, length, width and the shape factor of carbides was examined. During the analysis, the values of stereological parameters of carbides changed on various sections of the model casting.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 17-22
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Content of Nitrogen Compounds in Soil Polluted with Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI) after Application of Compost, Zeolite and Calcium Oxide
Zawartość związków azotowych w glebie zanieczyszczonej chromem(III) i chromem(VI) po aplikacji kompostu, zeolitu i tlenku wapnia
Autorzy:
Wyszkowski, M.
Radziemska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/389760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
chrom(III)
chrom(VI)
gleba
kompost
zeolit
CaO
N-NH4+
N-NO3-
chromium(III)
chromium(VI)
soil
compost
zeolite
Opis:
The present study has been undertaken in order to determine the influence of tri- and hexavalent chromium compounds - 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg *kg-1 of soil on the concentration of nitrogen compounds in soil after crop harvest, and the effectiveness of neutralizing substances, such as compost, zeolite and calcium oxide, on alleviating results of chromium pollution. Soil contamination with chromium(III) and chromium(VI) significantly modified the content of nitrogen compounds in soil after plant harvests. Under the influence of trivalent chromium, in a series lacking any neutralising substances, the total nitrogen content decreased while the ammonia nitrogen level rose after plant harvest. Chromium(VI) had a similar influence on N-NH4 . The neutralising substances added to soil, such as compost, zeolite and calcium oxide had a significant effect on the content of total nitrogen in soil. Calcium oxide in the objects polluted with chromium(III) and chromium(VJ) caused a significant decrease in the content of N-total in soil. Compost, zeolite and calcium oxide caused an increase in the average content of N-NO3- in soil, with the effect being stronger in post polluted with chromium(VI) than with chromium(III). As for chromium(VI), the content of N-NO3- was most strongly affected by calcium oxide added as a soil amending substances. All the tested neutralising substances had a weaker influence on the content of N-NH4+ in soil.
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu wzrastającego zanieczyszczenia związkami chromu(III) i chromu(VI) - 25, 50, 100, 150 mg o kg-1 gleby oraz kompostu, zeolitu i tlenku wapnia na zawartość związków azotowych w glebie po zbiorze jęczmienia jarego i kukurydzy. Zanieczyszczenie chromem(III) i chromem(VI) znacząco modyfikowało zawartość związków azotowych w glebach po zbiorze roślin. Pod wpływem chromu trójwartościowego w serii bez dodatków łagodzących nastąpiło zmniejszenie zawartości N-ogólnego, natomiast zwiększenie stężenia N-amonowego w glebie po zbiorze roślin. Podobny wpływ miał chrom(VI) w przypadku N-NH4+. Zastosowane dodatki neutralizujące w postaci kompostu, zeolitu i tlenku wapnia miały znaczący wpływ na zawartość badanych form azotu w glebie. Tlenek wapnia w obiektach z chromem(III) i chromem(VI) wywołał znaczące zmniejszenie zawartości N-ogólnego w glebie. Kompost, zeolit i tlenek wapnia spowodował zwiększenie średniej zawartości N-NO3- w glebie, przy czym działanie to było większe w wazonach z chromem(VI) niż w obiektach z chromem(III). W przypadku chromu(VI) na zawartość N-NO3- najsilniej wpływał dodatek do gleby tlenku wapnia. Zastosowane substancje najsłabiej działały na zawartość N-NH4+ w glebie.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2009, 16, 8; 1039-1045
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of thermodynamic properties for the biosorption of chromium by using cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.)
Autorzy:
Aathithya, R.
Sowparnika, J.R.
Balakrishnan, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
thermodynamic property
biosorption
chromium
cherry
leaf
Muntingia calabura
entropy
Opis:
Chromium is a heavy metal which has widely used in tannery and electroplating industries. Contaminations of these industrial metals into the river possess major threat to an environment. Therefore, biosorption is a technique which is applied for the sorption of heavy metal by a biomaterial. In the present study reveals that cherry leaves was used as a biomaterial and for that the thermodynamic properties was evaluated for the biosorption of chromium. From the thermodynamic studies it was found that the reaction was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic because the values of ΔG = negative, ΔS = negative and ΔH = positive. So, it was concluded that the experiment was thermodynamically feasible.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 20
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Equilibrium and kinetic studies of Cr (VI) removal from synthetic wastewater by Acroptilon repense flower powder
Autorzy:
Ghaneian, M. T.
Ehrampoush, M. H.
Arany, A. M.
Jamshidi, B.
Dehvari, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Acroptilon repens
biosorbent
Hexavalent Chromium
adsorption kinetic and isotherm
Opis:
In this study the removal of Cr (VI) from synthetic wastewater was investigated using Acroptilon repens (Russian Knapweed) flower powder under various conditions (pH, contact time and initial concentration of Cr). The capacity of chromium adsorption at equilibrium conditions by this biosorbent was increased by adsorbate concentration. The results also showed that the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) was increased by increasing the contact time. By increasing the initial concentration of Cr (VI) solution, chromium removal was reduced. The suitability of adsorbents and their constants was tested or evaluated with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms models. The results indicated that the Freundlich and Langmuir models (R2 > 0.99) gave a better concordance to the adsorption data in comparison with the Temkin equation (R2 = 0.97). The adsorption of Cr (VI) followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.991). The study showed that Acroptilon repens flower powder can be used as an effective lignocellulosic biomaterial and biosorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2013, 15, 2; 40-47
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removal of Cr(III) ions from salt solution by nanofiltration: experimental and modelling analysis
Autorzy:
Kowalik-Klimczak, A.
Zalewski, M.
Gierycz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
nanofiltration
chromium(III)
DSP model
extended Nernst-Planck equation
Opis:
The aim of this study was experimental and modelling analysis of the nanofiltration process used for the removal of chromium(III) ions from salt solution characterized by low pH. The experimental results were interpreted with Donnan and Steric Partitioning Pore (DSP) model based on the extended Nernst-Planck equation. In this model, one of the main parameters, describing retention of ions by the membrane, is pore dielectric constant. In this work, it was identified for various process pressures and feed compositions. The obtained results showed the satisfactory agreement between the experimental and modelling data. It means that the DSP model may be helpful for the monitoring of nanofiltration process applied for treatment of chromium tannery wastewater.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2016, 18, 3; 10-16
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution by the Pod of Acacia gerrardii
Autorzy:
Abdulaziz, Mohammed A.
Bakri, Abdulrahman A.
Al-Zahrani, Saleh A.
Al-Zahrani, Majed S.
Al-Lehebi, Abdulrahman N.
Banjar, Fadil M.
Nabag, Mohand I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Biosorption
chromium
Acacia gerrardii
isotherm models
Park kinetic models
Opis:
This study aims at investigating the potential of Acacia gerrardii pod for the removal of Cr(VI) in batch system. Effect of solution pH, biosorbent dosage, initial concentration of Cr(VI), contact time on the removal process was examined. Complete removal of hexavalent chromium was achieved at pH values 1.0 and 2.0 whereas maximum removal of total chromium was obtained at pH of 3.0. The study showed that the biosorption and bioreduction mechanisms were involved in the removal process. The time required for complete removal of Cr(VI) using the pod of Acacia gerrardii was shortened with an increase in biomaterial dosage and decrease in Cr(VI) concentration. Kinetic data was well described using Park kinetic model. Freundlich isotherm model adequately fitted the equilibrium data indication multilayer adsorption of total chromium on the surface of biomaterial. The pod of Acacia gerrardii could be used efficiently for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2019, 21, 2; 14-19
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utility of Chromobacterium violaceum SUK1a, an indigenous bacterial isolate for the bioremediation of Cr(VI)
Autorzy:
Prabhakaran, D. C.
Krishnan, S.
Ramamurthy, P. C.
Sivry, Y.
Quantin, C.
Subramanian, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
biosorption
bioremediation
chromium
bioreduction
Chromobacterium violaceum SUK1a
Opis:
The potential of an indigenous bacterial strain, Chromobacterium violaceum SUK1a, isolated from surface water samples collected from Sukinda Valley in Odisha, India, has been evaluated for the first time for the bioremediation of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions. The isolate was assessed for its Cr(VI) biosorption efficiency and the various parameters affecting the biosorption process were evaluated. A maximum Cr(VI) biosorption of about 50% was obtained, and the residual chromium was in the form of less toxic Cr(III). The Gibbs free energy of biosorption was determined to be -26.3 kJ/mol, suggestive of a chemisorption process. Additionally, the Cr(VI) biosorption by the isolate followed pseudo second order kinetics. FTIR spectral studies indicated that the surface functional groups present on the bacterial isolate such as, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, and phosphate groups were involved in the complexation of chromium ions with the bacterial cells. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies on Cr(VI) interacted bacterial cells revealed an additional peak corresponding to Cr(III) in the Cr(2p) spectra. The surface charge of the bacterial cells subsequent to interaction with Cr(VI) were less negative compared to the pristine cells, which further substantiated the bioreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The bioremediation mechanism of Cr(VI) by the bacterial isolate is delineated to be governed by both biosorption and bioreduction processes under metabolism independent conditions. The results obtained indicate that the isolate can be a promising candidate for Cr(VI) bioremediation applications.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 4; 1266-1281
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Short-term Impact of Chromium on Erythrocytic Profiles of Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793)
Autorzy:
Gupta, Samudra
Saha, Jaysmita
Hazra, Swagata
Ghosh, Rajarshi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193630.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Channa punctata
Labeo rohita
chromium
erythrocytic parameters
heavy metals
Opis:
The tannery industries add chromium as one of the heavy metals to the aquatic environment and tannery waste waters continue to cause negative effects on the aquatic fauna. In the present study, the erythrocytic alterations produced on short-term exposure to sub-lethal concentration of chromium (20 mg/L) were investigated in fresh water air-breathing fish, Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) for 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. The 96h LC50 of chromium salt, potassium dichromate was determined to be 33.125 mg/L. The results revealed statistically significant decrease in Total Erythrocytic Count (TEC), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Haematocrit (Hct %) in all experimental animals when compared to the control with an increase in exposure periods. The absolute corpuscular values like Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) also exhibited significant increase in fishes of experimental groups. However, the Mean Cell Volume (MCV) contrarily exhibited a fluctuating pattern. The depression of erythrocytic parameters clearly indicates that the fishes have become anaemic due to sublethal exposure of chromium.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 71; 144-149
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removal of chromium by biosorption method (chitosan)
Autorzy:
Abatneh, Y.
Sahu, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
removal
chromium
biosorption
chitosan
absorbent
polymer
water
rheological measurement
Opis:
Discharge of metal containing effluents into water has been a cause of major concern. Traditional treatment methods are proving to be ineffective and expensive. Chitosan was studied as a potential biosorbent due to its positive charge and relatively low cost. The study involves evaluating the metal binding performance of chitosan in a Polymer Enhanced Diafiltration (PEDF) system which uses an ultra filtration membrane to retain the chitosan which, in turn, binds the metal, thereby preventing passage into the permeate stream. Conditions for binding such as pH, concentration of polymer and chromium were studied. Optimal performance was obtained when the system was operated at pH values lower than the pKa of chitosan i.e. 6.3. Using 6 g/L chitosan at pH 4.0, chromium concentration was reduced to less than 1mg/L from a feed concentration of 20 mg/L. Equilibrium dialysis experiments were done to study the kinetics of binding and the uptake of metal per gram of polymer. Rheological measurements demonstrated that in the presence of 1-100 mM chromate, chitosan was found to be slightly shear thickening at low concentrations such as 4 g/L and 6 g/L whereas it was slightly shear thinning at higher concentrations like 12 g/L and 20 g/L This suggests that neutralization of chromium anions is due to the interaction of multiple chitosan molecules. This result is consistent with the relatively stiff nature of the polysaccharide. Overall, this study suggests that some modification of the native polymer would be required to improve uptake and make it an industrially workable process.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 03
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kinetics of chromium(iii) transport through the double-carrier supported liquid membrane
Autorzy:
Religa, P.
Rajewski, J.
Lobodzin, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
SLM
chromium
D2EHPA
Cyanex27
separation
membrane
Opis:
The kinetics of chromium(III) transport through a supported liquid membrane containing both a di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex272) as an ions carrier was investigated. It was found that under a characteristic concentration of the carriers into the organic phase membrane provides much higher efficiency than the membrane containing only one of the extractants. In the studied system the optimal carrier concentration in the membrane is 0.16 mol/dm3 and 0.9 mol/dm3 for Cyanex272 and D2EHPA, respectively. Moreover, the authors indicate that only D2EHPA can act as an individual carrier in the membrane. In the case of Cyanex272 the stable structures with chromium(III) ions are formed in the membrane, which prevents effective re-extraction. Additionally, intensive stirring of an aqueous phase in another factor that has a positive influence on the transport kinetics in the double-carrier membrane. Increasing a stirring rate up to 1200 rpm shortens the process time and allows total re-extraction of chromium.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2016, 52, 1; 87-97
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Active Capping Treatment of Copper and Chromium Contaminated Sediment with Bentonite Kaolin and Sand to Inhibit their Release to the Overlying Water
Autorzy:
Aliyu, Mohammed Kabir
Abd Karim, Ahmad Tarmizi Bn
Chan, Chee Ming
Abdulkadir, Aeslina
Bin Daud, Zawawi
Oyekanmi, Adeleke Abdulrahman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202312.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
in situ capping
polluted sediment
bentonite
kaolin
chromium
copper
Opis:
The public concern over sediment contamination brought on by mining operations, excessive use of chemical fertilisers or pesticides, industrial, agricultural, and municipal effluent, is increasing. Dredging is a more expensive treatment option than in situ capping of polluted sediment for immobilising pollutants in sediments on site. In order to stop the release of Cr and Cu from chemically contaminated sediments, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of utilising active capping materials such as bentonite (B), kaolin (K), and a 1:1 combination of bentonite and kaolin (BK) as capping materials. In a 90-day laboratory experiment carried out in glass tanks with a 1 cm thickness cover of capped material plus sand spread over the polluted sediment, the efficacy of B, K, and BK in inhibiting trace metal leachability was examined. The findings demonstrated that B and BK decreased the ability of sediments to leach Cr and Cu. The results suggest that BK and B should be considered as a suitable active material for capping treatment of polluted sediment sites because of their high Cu and Cr trapping. According to an analysis of adsorption kinetics, chemisorption was the adsorption process. The outcomes of this study demonstrated the potential for using kaolin, a bentonite-kaolin clay mixture covered with sand, and bentonite as capping materials for the in-situ treatment of Cr and Cu polluted coastal sediments.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 12; 264--272
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effective Removal of Iron (II) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption using Zn/Cr Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with Keggin Ion
Autorzy:
Oktriyanti, Melantina
Palapa, Neza Rahayu
Mohadi, Risfidian
Lesbani, Aldes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
adsorption
iron(II)
desorption
zinc
chromium
layered double hydroxide
Opis:
Zn/Cr and Zn/Cr layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated with Keggin ion [α-SiW12O40]4-were successfully synthesized at room temperature and pH value of 10. The synthesized materials were characterized by means of the XRD, BET, and FT-IR analyses and used as an adsorbent iron(II). The adsorption process was investigated by studying pH, the kinetics, and thermodynamic properties of the adsorption process. The results showed the interlayer Zn/Cr LDHs was 7.53 Å and increase to 10.26 Å on Zn/Cr LDHs intercalated with Keggin ion [α-SiW12O40]4-. The BET analysis showed that the pore volume of both materials increased from 0.063 cm3 g-1 to 0.163 cm3 g-1. The pH point zero charge measurement for the Zn/Cr LDHs material was 10 while LDHs Zn/Cr intercalated with Keggin ion [α-SiW12O40]4- was 8. Zn/Cr LDHs intercalated with Keggin ion [α-SiW12O40]4- has higher adsorption capacity than Zn/Cr LDHs without intercalation. Desorption of iron (III) was successfully conducted using HCl as reagent showing the involvement of ion exchange in the adsorption.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 5; 63-71
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fabrication of Aluminum - Cr3C2 Surface Composites through Friction Stir Processing and Analyzing its Microstructural and Mechanical Evolution
Autorzy:
Satheeshkumar, J.
Jayaraman, M.
Priyadharshini, G. S.
Sathya Mukesh, C. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352635.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microstructure
microhardness
friction stir processing
ADC-12
chromium carbide
Opis:
In this paper, aluminium alloy of grade ADC-12 was considered as a base metal and chromium carbide (Cr3C2) particles were reinforced through friction stir process. A detailed analysis of mechanical property and metallurgical characterization studies were performed to evaluate the surface composite. Remarkable changes were observed in the developed composite due to the mechanical force produced by the stir tool with an increase in hardness. The metallurgical investigation infers that the presence of silica in ADC-12 alloys has undergone mechanical fracture and long needle structure changed to reduced size. On the other hand, at higher tool rotational speed, the uniform distribution of hard particles was confirmed through SEM micrographs. Thus the modified surface composite has produced good mechanical property with high metallurgical qualities.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1527-1532
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Cutting Conditions on Temperature Distribution in Face Milling of Inconel 718 Nickel-Chromium Alloy
Autorzy:
Grzesik, W.
Nieslony, P.
Habrat, W.
Laskowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
3D FEM simulation
milling process
nickel-chromium alloy
Opis:
This paper presents 3D FEM simulation results obtained for the milling operations on a nickel-chromium alloy (Inconel 718) using the Johnson-Cook material constitutive model and variable cutting conditions. Face milling tests were carried out using silicon-aluminum-oxygen-nitrogen (SiAlON) ceramic cutting tools inserts. The machining conditions were selected based on real production data (cutting speed of vc=750 and 800 m/min, feed of f=0.1, 0.125 and 0.15 mm/t, depth of cut of ap=1, 1.5 and 2 mm). The FEM simulations include the maximum and average values of the cutting temperature. They were compared with experimental data obtained by using the high speed infra-red camera.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 5-16
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phase Analysis and Crystallographic Orientation of High Chromium Cast Iron Grain Using EBSD Technique
Autorzy:
Siekaniec, D.
Kopyciński, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
microstructure
crystal orientation
EBSD technique
high chromium cast iron
grain
Opis:
Grain orientation, properties, microstructure borders, and types and sizes of phases have had a major impact on the traits of modern engineering materials. Therefore, it is important to study, analyze, and (further) control the method of crystallizing alloys. One of the methods used to assess the orientation of grain growth is the EBSD technique. EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis) enables us to perform quantitative analyses on the microstructure of materials (on a scale of millimetres to nanometres) in a scanning electron microscope. Using the EBSD technique can help us gain valuable information about the following properties of crystalline materials: crystal orientation, disorientation, grain boundaries, global and local texture, fractions recrystallization/deformation, stress analysis, characterization of intergranular boundaries, identification of phases, phase distribution, and so on. In this paper, we present the results of phase analysis and crystallographic orientation of the grains of high chromium cast iron via EBSD. These were preliminary studies to determine the possibility of using the EBSD technique for analyzing high chromium cast iron. Castings were produced under industrial conditions, then samples were cut out and testing using the EBSD technique. This method proved to be effective for this type of material.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2017, 1, 1; 15-19
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hexavalent Chromium Accumulation by Microscopic Fungi
Akumulacja jonów CR(VI) przez grzyby mikroskopowe
Autorzy:
Hołda, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
bioaccumulation
chromium
Cr(VI)
microscopic fungi
bioakumulacja
chrom
grzyby mikroskopowe
Opis:
The purpose of the study was to optimize the removal of Cr(VI) by means of the Trichoderma viride strain isolated from chromium mud samples a well as the Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum strains from other environments. The growth of organism and removal of chromium(VI) was carried out in water solution of various chromium(VI) contents. The research was carried out at optimal pH for each fungus i.e. Aspergillus niger 4.0, Penicillium citrinum 5.0 and Trichoderma viride 4.5. During 14 days of incubation, samples of 5 ml each were collected every day in order to determine chromium(VI) content in the solution and the efficiency of bioaccumulation of this element was then specified. Furthermore, chromium contents in filtrate and mycelium were checked to verify this type of biological activity of microorganisms. The fungi culture investigated in this study could grow at 10-125 mg/l chromium concentration which indicated that it was characterized by high tolerance to various concentrations of chromium. At 125 mg/l chromium, these organisms could accumulate successfully about 90% of chromium. High tolerance of this culture can make it a potential candidate to be a heavy metal scavenger of chromium.
W artykule przedstawiono biologiczne usuwanie jonów Cr(VI) z roztworu wodnego przy użyciu szczepu grzyba z gatunku Trichoderma viride pochodzącego z próbek błota pochromowego oraz czystych kultur grzybów Aspergillus niger i Penicillium citrinum, wyizolowanych z innych środowisk. Wzrost organizmu oraz usuwanie chromu(VI) przeprowadzono w roztworze wodnym o różnej zawartości chromu(VI). Badania były przeprowadzane przy optymalnym pH dla każdego rodzaju grzyba: Aspergillus niger 4,0, Penicillium citrinum 5,0, Trichoderma viride 4,5. W czasie 14 dni inkubacji, codziennie, pobierano 5 ml próbki roztworu w celu oznaczenia zawartości chromu(VI) w roztworze i na tej podstawie określono efektywność bioakumulacji tego pierwiastka. Sprawdzono również zawartość chromu w przesączu oraz grzybni w celu potwierdzenia tego rodzaju biologicznej aktywności mikroorganizmów. Czyste kultury grzybów badane w tym artykule mogły rozwijać się przy zawartościach chromu 10-125 mg/l co pokazuje ich wysoką tolerancję na różne zawartości chromu. Przy zawartości chromu równej 125 mg/l te mikroorganizmy mogły akumulować około 90% chromu zawartego w roztworze. Wysoka tolerancja tych kultur czyni je potencjalnymi kandydatami do wychwytywania chromu ze środowiska.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2013, 39, 2; 45-56
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biodostępność chromu z osadów dennych dla larw Chironomus riparius
Bioavailability of chromium from bottom sediments for the larvae of the species Chironomus riparius
Autorzy:
Wachałowicz, A.
Czaplicka-Kotas, A.
Szalińska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/237832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:
osady denne
Chironomus riparius
chrom
chironomus riparius
bottom sediments
chromium
Opis:
W pracy porównano wyniki laboratoryjnych i terenowych badań biodostępności chromu z osadów dennych z wykorzystaniem larw Chironomus riparius. Jako obiekt badań wykorzystano osady denne i wodę ze zlewni górnego Dunajca w punktach referencyjnych Kowaniec i Sromowce Wyżne oraz w punktach Limierzysko i Waksmund zanieczyszczonych chromem pochodzącym ze ścieków garbarskich. Wykonano czterodobowe testy bioakumulacji chromu z wykorzystaniem larw Chironomus riparius pochodzących z czystej hodowli laboratoryjnej. Dwa testy przeprowadzone metodą laboratoryjną miały na celu zbadanie biodostępności chromu, natomiast jeden eksperyment prowadzony z wykorzystaniem metody laboratoryjnej, terenowej oraz z badaniem osobników z rodziny Chironomidae (w jednym punkcie z rodziny Oligochaeta) występujących in situ miał na celu porównanie wyników badań terenowych i laboratoryjnych. Oprócz zawartości chromu w Chironomidae badano także ilość chromu w osadach i zawartość substancji organicznych w osadach dennych. Analiza uzyskanych wyników pokazała, że chrom jest biodostępny. Wyniki badań sugerują istnienie progowej ilości chromu w osadach, charakterystycznej w warunkach panujących w danym punkcie pomiarowym. Poniżej tej ilości nie było znaczącej różnicy między zawartością chromu w Chironomus riparius z próbek badanych i z próbki kontrolnej, a powyżej zawartość chromu w organizmach Chironomus riparius wzrastała. Stwierdzono, że niejednorodność rozkładu zawartości chromu w osadach w punktach poboru próbek może powodować rozbieżność wyników badań nad biodostępnością chromu. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały również, że organizmy laboratoryjne są bardziej podatne na działanie zanieczyszczonego środowiska od organizmów żyjących in situ. Ponadto wydaje się, że na dostępność chromu dla organizmów w terenie mają wpływ zmieniające się warunki środowiskowe, wskutek czego nie ma korelacji pomiędzy badaniami laboratoryjnymi i terenowymi.
Investigations into the bioavailability of chromium from river bottom sediments were conducted under laboratory conditions and in situ, using larvae of the species Chironomus riparius. Bottom sediments and water samples were collected within the area of the headwater basin of the river Dunajec, at the reference sites of Kowaniec and Sromowce Wyżne, as well as at the sampling sites of Limierzysko and Waksmund contaminated with chromium from tannery effluents. 96-hour chromium bioaccumulation tests were carried out using Chironomus riparius larvae obtained from a clean laboratory culture. Two laboratory tests were aimed at investigating the bioavailability of chromium, and one test (involving laboratory and in situ methods combined with the examination of the organisms of the family Chironomidae (at one sampling point of the family Oligochaeta) that occurred in situ) was performed with the aim to compare the results obtained under laboratory conditions and in situ. Determinations were carried out for chromium content in the organisms of Chironomidae and in the bottom sediments, the latter being also analyzed for the content of organic substances. The experiments have shown that chromium is bioavailable. Analysis of the results suggests that there is a threshold quantity of chromium in the bottom sediments, which is characteristic for the conditions occurring at the given sampling site. Below that quantity, no significant difference in the content of chromium in the Chironomus riparius organisms was observed between the samples tested and the control samples. When the threshold quantity was exceeded, chromium content in the organisms of Chironomus riparius increased. The findings make it clear that the non-uniform distribution of chromium content in the bottom sediments observed at the sampling sites can account for the discrepancy between the results of the investigations into the bioavailability of chromium. The study has also shown that the laboratory organisms are more sensitive to the polluted environment than the organisms living in situ. The data obtained furthermore suggest that the availability of chromium for the in situ organisms is influenced by the changing environmental conditions, and this is why no correlation can be found between laboratory and in situ tests.
Źródło:
Ochrona Środowiska; 2008, 30, 3; 53-58
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by activated sludge
Biosorpcja Cr(III) z roztworów wodnych przez osad czynny
Autorzy:
Wierzba, S.
Korbecki, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/387694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
activated sludge
biosorption
chromium(III)
osad czynny
biosorpcja
chrom(III)
Opis:
The biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution using activated sludge (AS) microorganisms was investigated under various experimental conditions regarding pH and temperature. Biosorption equilibrium parameters were determined based on the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The kinetic parameters were established using the equations of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Moreover thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. Langmuir isotherm provided a better fit to the equilibrium data. The maximum experimentally determined sorption capacity 26.95 mg · g–1 obtained at 25oC and pH 5.0. The kinetics model of pseudo-second order row has been better describing experimental data. The negative value of free Gibbs energy (ΔG0) proves spontaneous Cr(III) biosorption by AS biomass and its decreasing along with temperature increase. The negative value of enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) indicates exothermic process and limitation of degree of freedom Cr(III) ions on the interphase surface solution/biosorbent. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated the contribution of carboxylate groups towards the biosorption of Cr(III) by AS.
W pracy badano proces biosorpcji jonów chromu(III) z roztworów wodnych przez mikroorganizmy osadu czynnego (OC), w różnych warunkach pH i temperatury. Parametry równowagowe biosorpcji wyznaczono w oparciu o modele izoterm Langmuira i Freundlicha. Parametry kinetyczne określono za pomocą równań pseudopierwszego i pseudodrugiego rzędu. Obliczono również parametry termodynamiczne procesu. Izoterma Langmuira lepiej opisywała dane równowagowe. Maksymalna pojemność sorpcyjna wyznaczona eksperymentalnie wynosiła 26,95 mg · g–1 przy 25oC i pH 5,0. Model kinetyki pseudodrugiego rzędu lepiej opisywał dane doświadczalne. Ujemna wartość energii swobodnej Gibbsa (ΔG0) świadczyła o spontaniczności biosorpcji Cr(III) przez biomasę OC i jej spadku wraz ze wzrostem temperatury. Ujemna wartość entalpii (ΔH0) i entropii (ΔS0) wskazywała na egzotermiczność procesu i ograniczenie stopni swobody jonów Cr(III) na powierzchni międzyfazowej roztwór/biosorbent. Analiza FT-IR wykazała udział grup karboksylanowych w biosorpcji Cr(III) przez OC.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2016, 23, 3; 337-346
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of the Process of WG-12 Activated Carbon Modification on the Sorption of Chromium
Wpływ prowadzenia procesu modyfikacji węgla aktywnego WG-12 na sorpcję chromu
Autorzy:
Lach, J.
Ociepa, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/387752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
sorption
activated carbon
modification
chromium
sorpcja
węgiel aktywny
modyfikacja
chrom
Opis:
The article presents the results of activated carbon modification with the usage of Joule heat. The modification was carried out in the reactor (h = 25 cm and d = 5,5 cm) filled with activated carbon. The reactor was equipped with two electrodes located on both sides and connected with a direct current generator. The flow of the current through the activated carbon bed was accompanied by gradual increase in activated carbon temperature. The modification took place during the flow of carbon dioxide while heating up and/or cooling down the bed. The effects of modification were evaluated on the basis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption isotherms each time on three parts of activated carbon sampled from different heights of the bed. The presented method of modification of the WG-12 carbon for removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) cations from aqueous solutions improved sorption capacities of the investigated sorbents towards both ions (WG/400EII/40AIRs, WG/400EI/80AIRs). In the majority of cases, modification increased the efficiency of removing one ion while reducing the other.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki modyfikacji węgla aktywnego z udziałem ciepła Joule’a. Modyfikację prowadzono w reaktorze o wysokości h = 25 cm i średnicy d = 5,5 cm wypełnionym węglem aktywnym. Z dwóch stron reaktora przyłożono elektrody podłączone do źródła prądu stałego. Przepływowi prądu przez złoże towarzyszyło podwyższenie temperatury węgla aktywnego. Modyfikacja następowała podczas przepływu dwutlenku węgla podczas nagrzewania i/lub studzenia tego złoża. Efekty modyfikacji oceniono na podstawie izoterm sorpcji Cr(III) i Cr(VI) każdorazowo na trzech partiach węgla aktywnego pobieranego z różnych wysokości złoża. Przedstawione w pracy sposoby modyfikacji węgla WG-12 pod kątem usuwania z roztworów wodnych kationu Cr(III) i Cr(VI) pozwalają na uzyskanie sorbentów o zwiększonych pojemnościach w stosunku do obydwu badanych jonów (WG/400EII/40AIRś, WG/400EI/80AIRś). W większości przypadków modyfikacja zwiększyła skuteczność usuwania jednego jonu, ale obniżyła drugiego.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2013, 20, 6; 731-739
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ciała macierzyste meteorytów żelaznych jako złoża metali
Parent bodies of iron meteorites as metal ores deposits
Autorzy:
Przylibski, Tadeusz A.
Donhefner, Hubert
Łuszczek, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Meteorytowe
Tematy:
M-type asteroid
asteroid belt
chromium
deposit
iron meteorite
metal
Opis:
Some of M type asteroids, like 016 Psyche, 022 Kalliope, 055 Pandora, 110 Lydia, 250 Bettina, 347 Pariana, 678 Fredegundis, 771 Libera, 872 Holda, are probably the source of iron meteorites. The population of these asteroids is less than 10% of all minor bodies orbiting the Sun in the asteroid belt. In the paper we analyzed the concentrations of 19 selected metals in 1730 iron meteorites according to the groups. Base on it authors found out that beside Fe and Ni the parent bodies of iron meteorites are the richest in Co, Cu, Ge, Cr, and Ga. They are also rich in As, Pt, Mo, Os, Pd, and Ir. The iron meteorites of IVB group are the richest in metals. Meteorites belonging to this group contain the highest average concentrations of Ir, Co, W, Re, Pt, Os, Pd, Rh, Ru, Mo, and Ni. Meteorites from IAB group are the richest in Ge, As, Sb and Au. The parent bodies of iron meteorites, especially from IVB and IAB groups, can be recognized as very rich polymetallic deposits. The concentrations of most of 19 analyzed metals in iron meteorites are greater than the concentrations in Earth’s crust. Only tungsten and chromium according to their strong litophile character occur in lower concentrations than in Earth’s crust. Few of the M type asteroids, those that are the source of iron meteorites, are probably the most differentiated bodies in the asteroid belt. Their chemical composition considerably differs from the composition of CI carbonaceous chondrites. Among their the most differentiated (enriched in some elements and depleted in others) and differing from CI chondrites are the parent bodies of iron meteorites belonging to IVB group. However even they are far less differentiated than Earth’s crust. This is the proof of relatively long chemical evolution of IVB group parent body comparing to parent bodies of other groups of iron meteorites and CI chondrites, but from the other hand the evolution of this body is also significantly shorter than the chemical evolution of Earth’s crust.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum; 2012, 3; 71-103
2080-5497
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of adsorption isotherm models for the biosorption of chromium using cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.)
Autorzy:
Aathithya, R.
Sowparnika, J.R.
Balakrishnan, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11799.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
determination
adsorption isotherm model
biosorption
chromium
cherry
leaf
Muntingia calabura
Opis:
Contaminations of industrial metals into the river possess major threat to environment. Chromium is a heavy metal which has the wide applications in tannery and electroplating industries. Above the permitted level of Chromium(VI) into surface water leads to severe health hazards. Therefore, biosorption is a technology used for the sorption of heavy metal. In this present study adsorption isotherm models was studied for the biosorption of chromium by cherry leaves. From the adsorption isotherms it was found that the experimental data fits well with the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer capacity Qm was fond to be 11.98 mg/l and the adsorption affinity was found to be positive which indicates the efficient biosorption of chromium.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 20
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of chromium on growth, biochemicals and nutrient accumulation of paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Autorzy:
Nagarajan, M.
Sankar Ganesh, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
chromium
heavy metal accumulation
plant growth
nutrient
paddy
Oryza sativa
Opis:
Chromium is a heavy metal; this element is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Chromium along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Paddy plant (Oryza sativa L). Thus, paddy seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Cr (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and Biochemicals ,accumulation of nutrients along with Cr in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. Similarly the biochemicals and nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of chromium. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 18
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ prowadzenia procesu modyfikacji węgla aktywnego WG-12 z udziałem ciepła Joulea i powietrza na sorpcję Cr(III)
Effect of the WG-12 active carbon modification process based on the Joule heat and the air on the sorption of Cr(III)
Autorzy:
Lach, J.
Ociepa, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/127493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
sorpcja
węgiel aktywny
modyfikacja
chrom
sorption
activated carbon
modification
chromium
Opis:
Węgle aktywne stosowane w technologii wody są najczęściej używane do usuwania związków organicznych. Można je jednak również wykorzystać do sorpcji zanieczyszczeń mineralnych m.in. metali ciężkich. Pojemności sorpcyjne węgli aktywnych w stosunku do tych zanieczyszczeń są niewielkie, ale również ich stężenia w wodach są małe. Dodatkowo można zwiększyć skuteczność usuwania metali ciężkich, poddając węgle aktywne modyfikacji. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki modyfikacji węgla aktywnego z udziałem ciepła Joule’a. Modyfikację prowadzono w reaktorze o wysokości h = 25 cm i średnicy d = 5,5 cm wypełnionym węglem aktywnym. Z dwóch stron reaktora przyłożono elektrody podłączone do źródła prądu stałego. Przepływowi prądu przez złoże towarzyszyło podwyższenie temperatury węgla aktywnego. Efekty modyfikacji oceniono na podstawie izoterm sorpcji Cr(III) każdorazowo dla trzech partii węgla aktywnego pobieranego z różnych wysokości złoża. W przypadku modyfikacji złoża w wyniku nagrzewania do 400°C i studzenia za pomocą przepływającego powietrza z intensywnością 40 dm3/h otrzymano znacznie większe pojemności sorpcyjne w stosunku do Cr(III), jeżeli pobierany jest węgiel z dolnej i środkowej części złoża. Węgiel z górnej części obniżył swe możliwości sorpcji kationu Cr(III). Prowadzenie procesu modyfikacji węgla aktywnego w dwóch cyklach nagrzewania i studzenia nie jest celowe. Uzyskane wartości sorpcji Cr(III) są większe niż w przypadku węgla niemodyfikowanego, ale mniejsze niż na węglach modyfikowanych w jednym cyklu. Przeanalizowano również zwiększenie prędkości przepływu powietrza podczas studzenia złoża z 40 do 80 dm3/h. Uzyskane wyniki sorpcji Cr(III) świadczą, że zmiana ilości powietrza w badanym zakresie nie wypłynęła w znacznym stopniu na parametry uzyskanego sorbentu.
The activated carbons used in the water technology are the most frequently used to the removing of organic compounds. They can also be used to the adsorption of mineral pollutions among others heavy metals. The adsorption capacities of activated carbons in relation to these pollutions are slight and their concentrations in waters are also low. There also can be increased the efficiency of removing heavy metals by modifying activated carbons. In the article there have been presented the results of activated carbon modification with the usage of Joule heat. The modification was carried out in the reactor of the height: h = 25 cm and diameter: d = 5.5 cm filled with activated carbon. At two sides of the reactor there were put electrodes which were joined with direct current generator. The flow of the current through the deposit was accompanied by a rise in temperature of activated carbon. The effects of modification were evaluated on the basis of Cr(III) adsorption isotherms at each time on three parts of activated carbon taken from different heights of the deposit. In the case of deposit modification as the result of heating up to 400ºC and cooling down by means of flowing air with the intensity of 40 dm3/h there were obtained much higher adsorption capacities in relation to Cr(III) if carbon is taken from the bottom and the middle part of the deposit. The carbon from the high part of the deposit decreased its abilities of cation Cr(III) adsorption. The carrying out of the modification process of activated carbon in two cycles of heating up and cooling down is not advisable. The obtained Cr(III) adsorption results are higher than in the case of non-modified carbon, however, they are lower than on carbons modified in one cycle. There has been also analyzed the increasing of speed of air flow during the cooling down of the deposit from 40 to 80 dm3/h. The obtained results of Cr(III) adsorption prove that the change of air in the examined range did not have a great influence on the obtained sorbent.
Źródło:
Proceedings of ECOpole; 2009, 3, 1; 165-170
1898-617X
2084-4557
Pojawia się w:
Proceedings of ECOpole
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can the effects of chromium compounds exposure be modulated by vitamins and microelements?
Autorzy:
Sijko, Monika
Janasik, Beata
Wąsowicz, Wojciech
Kozłowska, Lucyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-05
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
zinc
folic acid
selenium
hexavalent chromium
vitamin E
vitamin C
Opis:
Chromium (Cr) is a very common element. It occurs in 2 oxidation states, Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Although Cr(III) is not considered an element essential for mammals, it raises lots of controversy due to its role in the body. While Cr(III) action should be considered an effect of pharmacological action, Cr(VI) is included in the first group of carcinogens for humans. Moreover, it induces numerous pathological changes in the respiratory, urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. In addition, Cr(VI) is used in many industry branches, causing millions of workers all over the world to be exposed to Cr(VI) compounds. A considerable number of the occupationally exposed individuals are in favor of a deep analysis of the mechanisms of Cr(VI) action and a search for a way to reduce its negative impact on the human body. Numerous reactive oxygen species inducing oxidative stress and causing various damage are produced during Cr(VI) reduction in the cells. A good balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants can reduce Cr(VI)-induced damage. The influence of vitamins and microelements on the adverse Cr(VI) effects has no systematic research results summary. Therefore, this work focuses on the role of dietary antioxidants such as vitamins and microelements in the prevention of Cr(VI) adverse health effects. Numerous studies have revealed a protective influence of vitamins (mainly vitamins E and C) as well as microelements (especially selenium) on the reduction of Cr(VI)-induced adverse changes. A potential protective effect of these ingredients may be useful in occupational groups that are particularly exposed to Cr(VI). However, more research in this area is required.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2021, 34, 4; 461-490
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chromium Accumulation by Avicennia alba Growing at Ecotourism Mangrove Forest in Surabaya, Indonesia
Autorzy:
Titah, Harmin Sulistiyaning
Pratikno, dan Herman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
Avicennia alba
BCF
coastal area
chromium
mangrove forest
root
sediment
Opis:
The Ecotourism Mangrove Forest at Wonorejo in East Coast Surabaya area is one of large mangrove forests inside in the metropolitan city in Indonesia. There are many ecological values of the mangrove forest in most tropical countries such as sea fisheries, place of sea and coastal animals, sea and brackish water quality protecting the endangered mangrove coastlines and development of human life. The role of mangrove in increasing the sea and brackish water quality can be shown through many processes such as cycling of nutrients, particulate matter and some pollutants in water and sediment around the mangrove plants. One of the inorganic pollutants that can be removed by mangrove are heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr). The Wonorejo River is one of the rivers that receive the disposal of wastewater in Surabaya East Coast area. Large quantitites of wastewater from industries and households were released to this river. The concentration of Cr at the Wonorejo Estuary reached 0.0325 mg/L and 2.7761 mg/L in sediments. The purpose of this research was to determine the potency of Cr accumulation by Avicennia alba that was grown for ten years at Wonorejo Ecotourism Mangrove Forest. The sampling activities were conducted using a transect quadrat sampling method with a 10x10 m dimension. The sediment and mangrove root samples were extracted before being analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the Cr accumulation by roots of A. alba reached 25.4 ± 1.6 to 55.3 ± 1.1. The BCF value in A. alba were 0.32 ± 0.01 to 0.83 ± 0.5 with the concentration Cr in sediment were 60 ± 1.4 to 79.3 ± 1.1. A. alba showed potential as a moderate accumulator for Cr. In conclusion, A. alba can be considered for use in phyto-monitoring and phytoremediation of Cr in coastal areas.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 2; 222-227
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of the Heating Temperature of a Nickel-Chromium Steel Charge Material on the Stability of the Forging Process and the Durability of the Die
Autorzy:
Hawryluk, Marek R.
Lachowicz, Marzena
Janik, Marta
Gronostajski, Zbigniew
Stachowicz, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28099626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
forging
engine
chromium-nickel steel with austenitic microstructure
valve
forging tools
Opis:
The study discusses the issues of low durability of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve type forging from high nickel steel assigned for the application in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of manufacturing the exhaust valve forgings is realized in the coextrusion technology, followed by forging in closed dies. This process is difficult to master, mainly due to elevated adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel - NCF3015) to the tool substrate as well as very high abrasive wear of the tool, most probably caused by the dissolution of hard carbide precipitates during the charge heating. A big temperature scatter of the charge during the heating and its short presence in the inductor prevents microstructure homogenization of the bearing roller and dissolution of hard precipitates. In effect, this causes an increase of the forging force and the pressures in the contact, which, in extreme cases, is the cause of the blocking of the forging already at the beginning of the process. In order to analyze this issue, complex investigations were conducted, which included: numerical modelling, dilatometric tests and hardness measurements. The microstructure examinations after the heating process pointed to lack of structure repeatability; the dilatometric tests determined the phase transformations, and the FEM results enabled an analysis of the process for different charge hardness values. On the basis of the conducted analyzes, it was found that the batch material heating process was not repeatable, because the collected samples showed a different amount of dissolved carbides in the microstructure, which translated into different hardnesses (from over 300 HV to 192 HV). Also, the results of numerical modeling showed that lower charge temperature translates into greater forces (by about 100 kN) and normal stresses (1000 MPa for the nominal process and 1500 MPa for a harder charge) and equivalent stresses in the tools (respectively: 1300 MPa and over 1800 MPa), as well as abrasive wear (3000 MPa mm; 4500 MPa mm). The obtained results determined the directions of further studies aiming at improvement of the production process and thus increase of tool durability.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 711--722
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multicommutation flow analysis with chemiluminescence detection: application to the chromium(III) determination
Autorzy:
Koronkiewicz, S.
Sobczuk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
chemiluminescencja
chrom
analiza przepływu
multikomutacja
chemiluminescence
chromium speciation
flow analysis
multicommutation
Opis:
The study deals with the application of multicommutation flow analysis for determination of Cr(III) concentration in environmental samples at a trace level. The detection method was based on the luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction in basic aqueous solution using Cr(III) ions as a catalyst. The experimental part of investigation focused on the optimization of equipment conditions, i.e. reagent flow rate, injected sample volume and the work of solenoid valves. The specificity of the method was tested with respect to selected heavy metal ions. The presented method allowed determination of Cr(III) over the range from 2.5 to 50ng*cm-3, with a low detection limit (under optimum conditions: 0.15ng*cm-3). Multicommutation is one of the best methods of analytical procedure automation. The main advantages of multicommutation method, compared with classical flow injection analysis (FIA), is the ability to achieve more repeatable analytical signal, which in turn allows to improve the method precision (relative standard deviation, RSD, was 1.8% for 10 determinations of 20ng*cm-3 Cr(III)). Moreover, it is excellent from the point of view of environmental protection because it offers very low reagent consumption: luminol 0.26; H2O2 2.16; sample 0.15 (cm3 per peak). The sampling rate was about 90 samples*h-1.
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2008, 4, 1; 25-31
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of selected trace metals (Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) in soils by slurry sampling GF AAS
Autorzy:
Cejner, Marzena
Dobrowolski, Ryszard
Reszko-Zygmunt, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Cadmium
Lead
Chromium
Nickel
Slurry sampling graphite furnace atomicabsorption spectrometry
Soil
Opis:
Determination of cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel in soil samples by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was presented. Optimization of determination conditions, stability test for slurries and metal partitioning between solid and liquid phase was investigated. The method was successfully tested by the analysis of certified reference materials.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia; 2015, 70, 2
2083-358X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ reduktora chromu (VI) w postaci siarczanu żelaza (II) na powstawanie przebarwień w klejach cementowych
Effect of chromium (VI) reductor applied as ferrum sulfate on discolouration in cementitious adhesives
Autorzy:
Sobala, M.
Nosal, K.
Wieczorek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/392548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych
Tematy:
zaprawa klejowa
zawartość chromu (VI)
reduktor chromu (VI)
siarczan żelaza(II)
plama barwna
adhesive mortar
chromium(VI) content
chromium(VI) reductor
ferrum sulfate
colour stain
Opis:
Konieczność stosowania reduktorów chromu (VI) jest uwarunkowana wymaganiami Dyrektywy Europejskiej 2003/53/EC. Określony wymaganiami poziom zawartości chromu (VI) poniżej 2 ppm narzuca producentom cementu konieczność redukowania zawartości chromu poniżej tej wartości. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań wpływu reduktora chromu stosowanego w postaci siarczanu żelaza (II) na powstawanie przebarwień na wyrobach cementowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzono występowanie rdzawych plam na powierzchni zapraw przy zastosowaniu reduktora w postaci granulatu. Określono również minimalne uziarnienie reduktora gwarantujące brak plam na gotowych wyrobach.
European Directive 2003/53/EC requires to use chromium (VI) reductor. Acceptable chromium (VI) content is established below 2 ppm so cement producers must reduce it. The article describes the test results of influence chromium (VI) reductor applied as ferrum sulfate to discolour surface of cement plasters. The test confirmed the discolour appearance when the granulated reductor was used. There was defined minimum reductor granulation which guarantee unspotted products.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Szkła, Ceramiki, Materiałów Ogniotrwałych i Budowlanych; 2009, R. 2, nr 4, 4; 197-202
1899-3230
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Szkła, Ceramiki, Materiałów Ogniotrwałych i Budowlanych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adsorption method of purification of stocks from chromium(III) ions by bentonite clays
Autorzy:
Soloviy, Christina
Malovanyy, Myroslav
Palamarchuk, Olga
Trach, Iryna
Petruk, Halyna
Sakalova, Halyna
Vasylinych, Tamara
Vronska, Nataliya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
adsorption
bentonite
chromium ions
environmental safety
natural clay sorbents
wastewater purification
Opis:
The process of sorption of chromium(III) ions with a stationary sorbent layer of bentonite clays was investigated. The main advantages of using bentonites in water purification technologies are described: powerful geological reserves, cheap process of rock extraction, easy preparation for transportation and use, possibility of using waste sorbents in other technologies that is why there is no need in costly regeneration. The influence of various factors (process duration, an adsorbent layer) on the degree of wastewater purification from chromium ions, the effect of pumping speed on the dynamic capacity of the sorbent was studied and the effective volume was determined. The adsorption efficacy increases with the increase of the adsorbent layer, what can be explained by the development of the active sorption surface. As the initial concentration of chromium ions increases, the time of appearance of the first traces of the contaminant at the exit of the column increases, as well as the total time to channeling. The results of the studies indicate a higher adsorption capacity of modified bentonite with respect to Cr3+ ions compared to its natural formula. The cleaning efficacy of the solution with a concentration of chromium ions of 0.5 g∙dm–3 is increased by 5% when using 15 g of modified bentonite and 6,5% in the case one uses 20 g compared to the natural form.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 48; 99-104
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Extraction properties of tetraheptylresorcin[4]arenes in relation to Cr(III) ions
Autorzy:
Konczyk, J.
Miroshnychenko, S.
Kozlowski, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109751.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
solvent extraction
resorcin[4]arenes
chromium(III)
cadmium(II)
zinc ions
Opis:
Resorcin[4]arene-based ligand bearing four heptyl chains at the lower rim of the molecule was prepared and modified by four tetradietoxyphosphoryl groups in the upper rim. The compounds obtained were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and their extractability toward chromium(III) ions was studied. The influence of process parameters such as the pH of aqueous phase, agitation time and also extractant’s structure and concentration on efficiency of Cr(III) ions solvent extraction is presented. The highest yield of Cr(III) solvent extraction was obtained for two-hour agitation time of 5.010−4 M metal solution of pH 5.0 and 5.010−3 M chloroform solution of the tetradietoxyphosphorylated derivative of heptyl-resorcin[4]arene. Under optimal conditions, competitive solvent extraction of Cr(III), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions was performed and separation factor values were established as 77.0 and 24.9 for Cr(III)/Cd(II) and Cr(III)/Zn(II) ions pairs, respectively. The stoichiometry of formed metal-ligand complexes 1:1 was found by classical slope analysis method.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2016, 52, 2; 835-844
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Manganese influence on chromium distribution in high-chromium cast irons
Wpływ manganu na rozkład stężenia chromu w żeliwie wysokochromowym
Autorzy:
Byelikov, S
Volchok, I.
Netrebko, V
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cast iron
chromium
manganese
distribution
microstructure
żeliwo
chrom
mangan
rozkład
mikrostruktura
Opis:
It is shown that chromium distribution in the metal base of high-chromium cast irons depends on manganese content. According to the X-ray micro-spectral analysis data with the increase of manganese content from 0.72 to 6.49% chromium content decreased in the near-carbide zones. At the same time chromium content in carbides increased. This process obtained particularly strong development inside eutectic colonies of carbides. As a result of it, when total chromium content in the alloy has been 23%, its concentration in the local zones was 12,3%, thus the necessary level of corrosion resistance has not been provided. The minimal chromium content has to amount 23.2%, at 6.49% Mn and 2.2...2.5% C in order to provide corrosion resistance of high-chromium cast irons.
Pokazano, że rozkład chromu w osnowie metalowej żeliwa o wysokiej zawartości chromu zależy od zawartości manganu. Zgodnie z wynikami spektralnej mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej zwiększenie stężenie manganu z 0,72 do 6,49% powoduje zmniejszenie stężenia chromu w osnowie metalowej na granicy z węglikami. Równocześnie wzrasta zawartość chromu w węglikach. Zjawisko to występuje z większą intensywnością w osnowie metalowej ziaren eutektycznych, pomiędzy eutektycznymi węglikami. W wyniku redystrybucji chromu w żeliwie o zawartości 23% chromu występują lokalne strefy o stężeniu tego pierwiastku obniżonym do 12,3%, co skutkuje niedopuszczalnym obniżeniem odporności przeciwko korozji. Dla zapewnienia odporności korozyjnej wysokochromowego żeliwa, zawierającego od 2,2 do 2,5% C i 6,49% Mn, stop ten powinien zawierać powyżej 23,2% Cr.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 3; 895-897
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regeneracja chromowych ścieków garbarskich za pomocą polimerowych membran nanofiltracyjnych
Regeneration of chromium tannery wastewater using polymeric nanofiltration membranes
Autorzy:
Kowalik-Klimczak, A.
Religa, P.
Gierycz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
nanofiltracja
membrany polimerowe
ścieki garbarskie chromowe
nanofiltration
polymeric membranes
chromium tannery wastewater
Opis:
Podczas badań określono wpływ początkowego stężenia siarczanów obecnych w chromowych ściekach garbarskich na wydajność i efektywność rozdział filtrowanego roztworu na dwie kąpiele umożliwiając jego ponowne wykorzystanie. Stwierdzono, że wysokie początkowe stężenie siarczanów sprzyja łatwiejszemu przenikaniu jonów chlorkowych przez membranę do permeatu, ale przyczynia się również do wydłużenia czasu potrzebnego na uzyskanie założonego współczynnika zatężenia jonów chromu(III) w retentacie.
The effect of sulphate concentration in chromium tannery wastewater on the productivity and effectiveness of the filtered solution enabling its distribution on two reusable baths was determined. The hight initial sulphate concentration supported the simpler permeation of chloride ions throught the membrane to permeate and also increased the time needed to obtain the defined rate of chromium(III) concentration factor in retentate.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2015, 4; 167--169
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanized surfacing of the end face of screw coils of a screw conveyor operating under abrasion conditions in a corrosive environment
Zmechanizowane napawanie powierzchni czołowej zwojów ślimaka przenośnika śrubowego pracującego w warunkach ścierania w środowisku korozyjnym
Autorzy:
Turyk, Eugeniusz
Grigorenko, Svetlana
Ryabtsev, Igor Aleksandrovich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
MAG
napawanie
przenośnik ślimakowy
żeliwo chromowe
surfacing
screw conveyor
chromium cast iron
Opis:
The purpose of the work was to determine the possibility of the regenerative surfacing of the upper surface of screw conveyor coils. The screw conveyor, used for the transport of bulk materials in a corrosive environment, was originally surfaced with chromium cast iron. The research work discussed in the article resulted in the development of a MAG method-based technology enabling the repair surfacing of screw conveyor coils. The technology involved the use of an EnDOtec DO*11 flux-cored wire and required the previous removal of the hardened upper layer.
Celem pracy było określenie możliwości napawania regeneracyjnego górnej powierzchni zwojów ślimaka przenośnika śrubowego napawanego produkcyjnie żeliwem chromowym, transportującego materiały sypkie w środowisku korozyjnym. Opracowano technologię napawania naprawczego zwojów metodą MAG przy użyciu drutu proszkowego EnDOtec DO*11, po usunięciu utwardzającej warstwy górnej.
Źródło:
Welding Technology Review; 2019, 91, 11; 19-25
0033-2364
2449-7959
Pojawia się w:
Welding Technology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza zmienności stężenia jonów chromu w ściekach dopływających do zbiorczej oczyszczalni w Nowym Targu
Analysis of variation of chromium ion concentration in wastewater inflow to the corporate wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Targ
Autorzy:
Nowobilska-Majewska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/400227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
ścieki garbarskie
stężenia chromu
zmienność sezonowa
tanning wastewater
chromium concentration
seasonal variability
Opis:
Celem pracy było określenie stężenia chromu w ściekach komunalnych dopływających do zbiorczej oczyszczalni w Nowym Targu w wieloleciu 2006 – 2016. W okresie badawczym pobrano i poddano analizie 588 próbek ścieków dopływających do oczyszczalni ścieków i określono podstawowe charakterystyki statystyczne odnośnie zmienności stężenia chromu w ściekach. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że średnie dobowe stężenie chromu w ściekach dopływających w okresie badań wyniosło 9,49 gCr -3a mediana wyniosła 7,90 gCr m-3. Stwierdzono, że stężenia chromu w ściekach surowych zwiększają się w okresie jesiennym i stan ten trwa do końca grudnia. Natomiast stężenia chromu w ściekach zaczynają się zmniejszać się od stycznia do końca kwietnia. Najczęściej stężenia chromu w ściekach dopływających pojawiały się w zakresie od 5 do 10 gCr -3 i było to 37% przypadków
The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of chromium in the municipal wastewater discharged to the corporate wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Targ in the years 2006 – 2016. During the research period, 588 samples of wastewater discharged to the sewage treatment plant were taken and analyzed and specified the basic statistical characteristics concerning the chromium concentration variability in the wastewater. On the basis of the results, it was found that the mean daily chromium concentration in the discharged wastewater in the research period was 9.49 gCr·-3 and the median was 7.90 gCr·-3. It was found that the chromium concentrations in the wastewater increased in autumn and this state lasts until the end of December, while chromium concentrations in wastewater begin to decline from January to the end of April. Generally, chromium concentrations in the discharged wastewater appeared in the range of 5 to 10 gCr·-3 and this was shown in 37% of the cases.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2017, 18, 6; 30-35
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Temperature Gradient on Stereological Parameters of Carbide Phase on Cross-Section of Abrasive Wear Resistant Chromium Cast Iron
Wpływ gradientu temperatury na parametry stereologiczne fazy węglikowej na przekroju odlewu z żeliwa chromowego odpornego na zużycie ścierne
Autorzy:
Studnicki, A.
Suchoń, J.
Wróbel, T.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
casting
chromium cast iron
crystallization
TGDA
structure
odlew
żeliwo chromowe
krystalizacja
struktura
Opis:
In the paper analysis of temperature gradient and parameters of structure on casting cross-section of abrasive wear resistant chromium cast iron at carbon content of 2,5%wt. and chromium 17%wt. with nickel and molybdenum additives are presented. The castings were made with use of special tester ϕ100mm (method of temperature gradient and derivative analysis) with temperature recording in many points from thermal centre to surface (to mould) of casting. Registered cooling curves were used to describe the temperature gradient on cross-section of analyzed casting. On the basis of determined curves of temperature gradient measurement fields were selected to make the quantitative studies of structure. The results of studies show significant influence of temperature gradient on quantitative parameters of chromium cast iron structure. Moreover was affirmed that exists a critical temperature gradient for which is present rapid change of quantitative parameters of chromium cast iron structure.
W artykule przedstawiono analizę gradientu temperatury i parametrów struktury lanej na przekroju odlewu wykonanego z żeliwa chromowego odpornego na zużycie ścierne o zawartości węgla ok. 2.5% i chromu ok. 17% z dodatkami niklu i molibdenu. Odlew wykonano w specjalnym próbniku ϕ100mm (metoda analizy gradientu temperatury i derywacyjna) z pomiarem temperatury w wielu punktach odlewu od jego centrum cieplnego do powierzchni (do formy odlewniczej). Zarejestrowane krzywe stygnięcia wykorzystano do opisu gradientu temperatury na przekroju analizowanego odlewu. Badania ilościowe struktury wykonano na wybranych przekrojach odlewu. Analizowane przekroje wybrano na podstawie wyznaczonych krzywych gradientu temperatury. Badania wykazały istotny wpływ gradientu temperatury na parametry ilościowe struktury żeliwa chromowego. Stwierdzono występowanie krytycznego gradientu temperatury, dla którego następuje skokowa zmiana parametrów ilościowych struktury badanego żeliwa chromowego.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 3A; 1725-1730
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sorpcja chromu Cr(VI) w obecności kwasu benzoesowego na wybranych węglach aktywnych
Sorption of Chromium Cr(VI) in the Presence of Benzoic Acid on Selected Activated Carbons
Autorzy:
Okoniewska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297174.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
sorpcja
węgiel aktywny
chrom
kwas benzoesowy
sorption
activated carbon
chromium
benzoic acid
Opis:
Węgle aktywne wykorzystywane są do oczyszczania wody i ścieków m.in. ze związków organicznych. Ze względu na to, że na powierzchni węgli aktywnych znajdują się grupy funkcyjne o różnym charakterze, mogą sorbować także jony m.in. metali ciężkich. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki sorpcji chromu Cr(VI) przy dwóch wartościach pH: wyjściowym, wynoszącym ok. 4,8 oraz 7 z roztworów jednoskładnikowych oraz z roztworu zawierającego także związek organiczny, którym był kwas benzoesowy. Przeanalizowano wpływ jednoczesnej obecności kwasu benzoesowego na wielkość pojemności sorpcyjnej węgli aktywnych WG-12, F-300 i ROW 08 w stosunku do chromu Cr(VI). Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że w przypadku sorpcji Cr(VI) z roztworów jedno- i dwuskładnikowych przy wyjściowym pH roztworu największe pojemności sorpcyjne uzyskano dla węgla F-300, nieco mniejsze na węglu WG-12, natomiast najmniejsze dla węgla aktywnego ROW 08. W przypadku sorpcji z roztworu o pH = 7 największe pojemności sorpcyjne uzyskano dla węgla ROW 08, następnie dla F-300, najmniejsze dla WG-12.
The activated carbons are used for water treatment among others in eliminating organic compounds. Due to the fact that on the surface of activated carbons there are functional groups of different nature they can also absorb ions among others of heavy metals. The results of sorption of chromium Cr(VI) at two pH values were presented: output ratio of about 4.8 and 7 of solutions of mono-and from a solution containing the organic compound, which was benzoic acid. The influence of the simultaneous presence of benzoic acid to the size of the sorption capacity of activated carbons WG-12, F-300 and RD 08 for chromium Cr(VI). The study showed that for sorption of Cr(VI). One of the solutions and the original binary output pH largest sorption capacity was obtained for the carbon F-300, slightly lower for carbon WG-12, and the lowest for the activated carbon ROW 08 In the case of adsorption from solution at pH = 7, the largest adsorption capacities for carbon achieved ROW 08, then the F-300, the smallest were observed for the WG-12.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, 16, 3; 341-351
1505-3695
2391-7253
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ struktury na skutki azotowania chromowych stali ledeburytycznych. Cz. VIII. Badanie cech użytkowych materiałów narzędziowych
The influence of structure on the results of the nitriding of ledeburitic chromium steels. P. 8 Investigation of utilization properties of tool materials
Autorzy:
Berkowski, L.
Borowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/211701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
chromowe stale narzędziowe
nagniatanie
azotowanie
zużycie
chromium tool steels
burnishing
nitriding
wear
Opis:
Artykuł jest publikacją omawiającą wyniki badań wpływu obróbki plastycznej powierzchniowej na skutki azotowania stali narzędziowej NC11LV. W artykule podano wyniki badań odporności stali na ścieranie prowadzone za pomocą testera T-05 oraz na papierach ściernych. Badania wykazały, że wpływ nagniatania na skutki azotowania zależy od struktury osnowy zahartowanego materiału. Największą odporność na ścieranie wykazywały próbki o strukturze martenzytycznej, nagniatane i azotowane w temperaturze 400 C, a więc zawierające cienką warstwę dyfuzyjną. Azotowanie próbek zahartowanych z wyższej temperatury, a więc o austenitycznej osnowie, po nagniataniu i azotowaniu, nie wykazywały wzrostu odporności na ścieranie.
The paper discusses the results of investigation of the influence of surface forming on the results of nitriding of NC11LV tool steel. The results of steel abrasion resistance testing performed by means of a T-05 tester and by means of abrasive papers have been stated. The investigation has shown that the influence of burnishing on the effects of nitriding depends on the structure of the hardened material matrix. The best abrasion resistance was that of samples with martensitic structure, burnished and nitrided at 400 C and, consequently, containing a thin diffusion layer. Nitriding of samples hardened from a higher temperature, i.e. with austenitic matrix, has not increased their abrasion resistance after burnishing and nitriding.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2009, 20, 4; 3-16
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ struktury na skutki azotowania chromowych stali ledeburytycznych. Cz. VII. Azotowanie jonowe stali NC11LV nagniatanej po zahartowaniu z wysokiej temperatury, na austenit
The influence of structure on the results of nitriding of ledeburitic chromium steels. Part 7. Ion nitriding of NC11LV steel burnished after hardening from high temperature to austenic structure
Autorzy:
Berkowski, L.
Borowski, J.
Rybak, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
chromowa stal narzędziowa
nagniatanie
azotowanie
austenit
chromium tool steels
burnishing
nitriding
austenite
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono siódmą część wyników badań przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu nr 1012/T08C/96/11 finansowanego przez KBN [8], która obejmuje ocenę wpływu obróbki plastycznej powierzchniowej na skutki azotowania jonowego stali NC11LV (D2), o austenitycznej osnowie, po zahartowaniu z wysokiej temperatury 1150 oC. Próbki nagniatano diamentem z siłą 150 i 400 N, a następnie azotowano w temperaturze 400, 440 i 480 oC w ciągu czterech godzin. Badania wykazały, że odkształcenie przyspiesza dyfuzję azotu podczas azotowania w niSszej temperaturze 400 i 440 oC, azotowanie w temperaturze 480 oC niszczy efekt umocnienia zgniotowego. Badania wykazały ponadto, że struktura wpływa na skutki nagniatania stali NC11LV. Wpływ nagniatania na charakterystyki materiałowe stali o austenitycznej osnowie jest większy anizeli na charakterystyki stali o strukturze martenzytycznej.
The paper presents the seventh part of the results of investigation carried out within project no. 1012/T08C/96/11 financed by KBN[8] including evaluation of the influence of surface metal forming on the results of ion nitriding of NC11LV (D2) steel with austenitic matrix after hardening from high temperature (1150 oC). Specimens were burnished by means of a diamond with a force of 150 N and 400 N and then nitrided at the temperature of 400, 440 and 480 oC for four hours. The investigation has shown that deformation accelerates the diffusion of nitrogen during nitriding at the lower temperature of 400 and 440 oC; nitriding at 480 oC destroys the burnishing effect. The investigation has also shown that the structure influences the results of burnishing NC11LV steel. The influence of burnishing on the material characteristics of austenitic matrix steel is larger than its influence on the characteristics of steel with martensitic structure.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2009, 20, 3; 38-50
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ struktury na skutki azotowania chromowych stali ledeburytycznych. Część VI. Azotowanie jonowe stali NC11LV nagniatanej po zahartowaniu na martenzyt
The influence of structure on the results of the nitriding of ledeburitic chromium steels. Part VI. Ion nitriding of NC11LV steel burnishing after hardening on martensitic structure
Autorzy:
Berkowski, L.
Borowski, J.
Rybak, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Tematy:
chromowe stale narzędziowe
nagniatanie
azotowanie
właściwości
chromium tool steels
burnishing
nitriding
properties
Opis:
Artykuł prezentuje szóstą część wyników badań, realizowanych w ramach projektu Komitetu Badań Naukowych i obejmuje ocenę wpływu nagniatania na skutki azotowania jonowego stali NC11LV (D2) zahartowanej na martenzyt. Próbki nagniatano diamentem z siłą 150 i 400 N, a następnie azotowano w temperaturze 400, 440 i 480oC w ciągu czterech godzin. Badania wykazały, Se odkształcanie powierzchniowe przyspiesza dyfuzję azotu podczas azotowania w temperaturze 400 oC. Azotowanie w wySszej temperaturze usuwa skutki umocnienia zgniotowego. Odpuszczanie w temperaturze 200 oC opóźnia dyfuzję azotu, lecz nie powoduje wyraźnych zmian strukturalnych i właściwości stali.
The paper presents the sixth part of results of the research containing the evaluation of the burnishing effect on the properties after ion nitriding of the NC11LV (D2) steel in martensiting state. The specimens were burnishing by the diamante at the power 150 and 400 N, and were nitriding at 400, 440 and 480 oC by four hour. The research show, that the surface deformation accelerates the diffusion process for the nitriding at 400 oC. The nitriding at highest temperature destroyed the burnishing effect. The tempering at 200 oC delayed the diffusion of the nitrogen but hadn’t the influence on the structure and properties of the steel.
Źródło:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2009, 20, 1; 3-14
0867-2628
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Abexperimental analysis of the transport mechanism of chromium(III) ions in the polymer inclusion membrane system stract
Eksperymentalna analiza mechanizmu transportu jonów Cr(III) w polimerowej membranie inkluzyjnej
Autorzy:
Rajewski, J.
Łobodzin, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/256334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
PIM
chromium(III)
jumping mechanism
D2EHPA
chrom(III)
mechanizm przeskokowy
Opis:
The paper presents an experimental analysis of the mechanism of chromium(III) ion transport in a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). First of all, the influence of the carrier concentration on chromium(III) transport kinetics through polymer inclusion membranes is investigated. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used as a carrier. The initial Cr(III) concentration was changed. The authors indicate that the transport efficiency of Cr(III) depends on the D2EHPA concentration in the PIM. Regardless of the initial chromium(III) concentration, for experimental conditions, there was an optimal range of carrier concentration, somewhere between 30–50% v/v, for which the process was the most effective. The authors propose the “jumping” transport as the dominant transport mechanism in the investigated system.
W pracy dokonano eksperymentalnej analizy mechanizmu transportu jonów chromu(III) w polimerowej membranie inkluzyjnej (PIM). W pierwszej kolejności zbadano wpływ stężenia przenośnika na kinetykę transportu jonów chromu (III) przez polimerową membrane inkluzyjną. Jako przenośnika jonów Cr(III) użyto kwasu di(2-etylkoheksylo) fosforowego (D2EHPA). Badania prowadzono przy różnym stężeniu początkowym jonów chromu. Autorzy wskazują, że efektywność transportu jest zależna od stężenia D2EHPA w PIM. Niezależnie od początkowego stężenia Cr(III) w warunkach prowadzenia badań wyznaczono zakres stężeń przenośnika 30–50% v/v, przy których transport zachodził najefektywniej. Zaproponowano mechanizm przeskokowy jako transport dominujący.
Źródło:
Problemy Eksploatacji; 2016, 1; 105-117
1232-9312
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Eksploatacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on the quality of baker’s yeast enriched with chromium
Ocena wartości technologicznej drożdży piekarskich wzbogaconych chromem
Autorzy:
Lipińska, E.
Błażejak, S.
Piwowarek, K.
Koczoń, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13925540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
chromium
enrichment
baker's yeast
yeast biomass
fermentation activity
quality
Źródło:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2019, 596; 13-21
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ obecności wybranych SPC na adsorpcję jonów Cr(III) i Cr(VI)
The influence presence of selected spc for absorption Cr (III) and Cr (VI)
Autorzy:
Lach, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
chrom
substancje powierzchniowo czynne
adsorpcja
izotermy adsorpcji
chromium
surfactants
adsorption
adsorption isotherm
Opis:
Przeprowadzono adsorpcję kationów chromu trójwartościowego i anionów chromu sześciowartościowego na węglu ROW 08 Supra z roztworów jednoskładnikowych i dwuskładnikowych zawierających substancje powierzchniowo czynne (SPC). Przeanalizowano znaczenie obecności w roztworze kationowych, anionowych i niejonowych SPC (2 związki z każdej grupy na adsorpcję jonów Cr(III) i Cr(VI). Stwierdzono pozytywny wpływ substancji powierzchniowo czynnych w przypadku, gdy miały one przeciwny ładunek w stosunku do usuwanego jonu chromu (kationowe SPC podczas adsorpcji anionów Cr(VI), anionowe SPC podczas adsorpcji kationów Cr(III)). Jest to spowodowane najprawdopodobniej powstawaniem nowych centrów aktywnych na powierzchni węgli aktywnych w wyniku adsorpcji jonowych SPC. Obecność w roztworze niejonowych SPC oraz jonowych o takim samym znaku ładunku jak adsorbowane jony Cr(III) lub Cr(VI) powoduje zmniejszenie pojemności adsorpcyjnej węgla. Jest to spowodowane blokowaniem jonów oraz konkurencyjnością między jonami chromu a SPC. Do opisu wyników adsorpcji użyto modeli Langmuira, Freundlicha, Temkina i Dubinina-Radushkevicha. Wszystkie te izotermy opisują uzyskane rezultaty procesu z wysokimi wartościami współczynnika korelacji.
The present study reports the results of the adsorption of trivalent chromium cations and hexavalent chromium anions on ROW 08 Supra carbon from single solute and bisolute solutions containing surfactants. The roles of the cationic, anionic and non-ionic (2 compounds per group) surfactants’ presence in the solution were analysed with reference to the adsorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions. The positive impact of surfactants was observed in the cases when their charge was the opposite to the removed chromium ion (cationic surfactant during the adsorption of Cr(VI) anions, anionic surfactant during the adsorption of Cr(III) cations). Most probably it is the result of new active cents on the surface of active carbons caused by ionic surfactant adsorptions. The presence in the solution of non-ionic and ionic surfactants of the same charge as the adsorbed Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions results in the decrease of carbon adsorption surface. It is caused by ion blocking and competition between the chromium ions and surfactants. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were used for the adsorption result descriptions. All the isotherms of high correlation coefficient values describe the obtained results of the process.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, 18, 4; 537-547
1505-3695
2391-7253
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of copper, manganese and chromium in wine
Autorzy:
Smoleń, P.
Sekuła, E.
Kleszcz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Tarnowie
Tematy:
wine
copper
manganese
chromium
atomic absorption
wino
miedź
mangan
chrom
absorpcja atomowa
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the content of copper, manganese and chromium in white and red wines available on Polish market. The results have been compared with similar studies of other researchers as well as with the recommendations regarding dietary intake of analysed elements. Statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically important difference in manganese and copper content between the two groups of wines.
Źródło:
Science, Technology and Innovation; 2017, 1, 1; 35-38
2544-9125
Pojawia się w:
Science, Technology and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oznaczanie manganu i chromu w powietrzu atmosferycznym w tej samej próbce
Opredelehie marganca i hroma v atmosferhom vozduhe v odnoi i toizhe probe
Determination of manganese and chromium in atmospheric air in a single sample
Autorzy:
Strusinski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/873467.pdf
Data publikacji:
1970
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
mangan
chrom
powietrze atmosferyczne
probki
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
zawartosc manganu
zawartosc chromu
badania naukowe
metoda nadmanganiowa
manganese
chromium
atmospheric air
air pollution
sample
manganese content
chromium content
scientific research
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1970, 21, 1
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical and biological analysis of chromium waste
Chemiczna i biologiczna analiza błota pochromowego
Autorzy:
Hołda, A.
Kisielowska, E.
Niedoba, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/349703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
Cr(VI)
błoto pochromowe
mikroorganizmy
bakterie
grzyby mikroskopowe
chromium waste
microorganisms
bacteria
fungi
Opis:
The paper presents chemical and microbiological analysis (were from qualitative and quantitative point of view) of the collected samples of wastes. The procedure of chemical analysis is based on a quantitative extraction of Cr(VI) from the solid samples and its determination in the extract by the method of flow coulometry by means of apparatus EcaFlow 150GLP, applying calibration by method of model curve. The determination of chromium by flow coulometry is based on utilization of inner electrode coulometric titration. Microbiological analysis shows that the concentration of chromium(VI) above 2000 mg/l is toxic for psychro- and mesophilous bacteria, stopping the growth of their colonies, but fungi from sort Rhizopus sp. and Penicillium sp. are tolerant for high concentrations of chromium(VI).
Artykuł przedstawia analizę chemiczną i biologiczną (jakościową i ilościową) pobranych próbek odpadów. Procedura analizy chemicznej oparta była na ilościowej ekstrakcji Cr(VI) z próbek błota pochromowego i jego oznaczeniu w przesączu metodą kulometrii przepływowej przy użyciu aparatu EcaFlow 150GLP, wykorzystując kalibrację metodą krzywej wzorcowej. Oznaczanie chromu metodą kulometrii przepływowej opiera się na wykorzystaniu wewnątrzelektrodowego miareczkowania kulometrycznego. Analiza mikrobiologiczna pokazała, że stężenie chromu(VI) powyżej 2000 mg/l jest toksyczne dla bakterii psychro- i mezofilnych, hamując wzrost ich kolonii, podczas gdy grzyby z rodzaju Rhizopus sp. i Penicillium sp., odznaczają się tolerancją na wysokie stężenia chromu(VI).
Źródło:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2009, 33, 4; 113-118
1732-6702
Pojawia się w:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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