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Tytuł:
Nonparametric tests for the two-sample location problem
Autorzy:
Grzegorzewski, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748118.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Hypothesis testing
Opis:
.
Let X1,X2,...,Xm and Y1,Y2,...,Yn be two independent random samples from populations with continuous distribution functions F(x) and G(x)=F(x - ) respectively. In order to test H: =0 against K:A>0 several tests can be used. Thirteen such nonparametric tests are presented here. By means of a sampling study a comparison of these tests are performed. The criteria of the power and the power index was used. Related problems are discussed as well. An algorithm (in Pascal) for computation of the critical level of the Mann-Whitney- Wilcoxon test is given also.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1991, 20, 34
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bias of certain tests for the two-sample problem
Autorzy:
Hellmann, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748236.pdf
Data publikacji:
1980
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Hypothesis testing
Opis:
.
Let X1,⋯,Xn and Y1,⋯,Yn be two independent samples from cumulative distribution functions F and G, respectively. The author discusses the problem of unbiasedness of certain rank tests in the context of verifying H0:F=G against one of the "two-sided'' alternatives H1:F≠G; H2:P(X>Y)
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1980, 8, 16
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An accurate test for testing the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium hypothesis
Autorzy:
Gnot, Stanisław
Matej, Henryk
Szulga, Teofil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748793.pdf
Data publikacji:
1979
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Genetics,Hypothesis testing
Opis:
Zbl 0465.62098; MR0549989
The paper includes uniformly most powerful unbiased test for a genetic model with two possible kinds of genes. This test is constructed on the basis of general theory of testing linear hypotheses for families of exponential distributions. An example of application for the system MN of blood-groups is given. Zbl 0465.62098; MR0549989
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1979, 7, 15
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nonlinear homogenization of heterogeneous periodic plates of Reissner-Mindlin type
Autorzy:
Pruchnicki, Erick
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839643.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
homogenization
plate
nonlinear hypothesis
Opis:
In this paper, we propose a multiscale finite-strain plate theory for a composite nonlinear plate described by a repetitive periodic heterogeneity. We consider two scales, the macroscopic scale is linked to the entire plate and the microscopic scale is linked to the size of the heterogeneity. At the macroscopic scale, we approximate the displacement field by the Reissner-Mindlin model. By considering the equivalence between variations of the macroscopic elastic energy at each point of the mid surface and the microscopic one, we deduce that the macroscopic stress resultants can be expressed in terms of the microscopic stress.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2020, 58, 2; 317-323
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy schizofrenia jest chorobą neuodegeneracyjną, czy neurorozwojową?
Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease?
Autorzy:
Rabe-Jabłońska, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945685.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
dowody
evidence
hipoteza neurodegeneracyjna
hipoteza neurorozwojowa
neurodegenerative hypothesis
neurodevelopmental hypothesis
schizofrenia
schizophrenia
Opis:
According to the neurodevelopmental theory, etiological and pathological factors of a disease occur long before its symptoms. Cessation of the normal course of neuronal development causes disorders in their function and neuronal network, whereas after latency it leads to clinical manifestation of symptoms. In neurodegenerative diseases the specifically pathophysiological process, usually conditioned genetically, impairs selectively the ”sensitive” population of neurons and causes neuropathological symptoms and changes. The course and nature of these dysfunctions depend on superimposing of the pathological process on the normal process of development and puberty, and on individual plasticity and compensatory processes in the central nervous system. Schizophrenia meets some of these criteria, but it does not fit into the narrow definition of neurodegenerative diseases. So far no histopathological, immunocytochemical changes have been found, which would allow to identify the disease. However as early as during the first episode, most patients exhibit some characteristics of clinical deterioration, afterwads the status of most of them gets stabilized at a certain level of cognitive and social functioning, whereas in some patients the severity of the disease and cognitive dysfunctions gradually progress. The progression of schizophrenic process is also reflected in evolution of symptoms in the course of the disease, in biochemical and anatomical changes of the central nervous system. Presently, the neurodegenerative hypothesis of schizophrenia cannot be rejected. It may appear true only in a part of the patients with specific course of the disease, and in some cases neurodegeneration may be superimposed on neurodevelopmental disorders.
Zgodnie z teorią neurorozwojową etiologiczne i patologiczne czynniki choroby występują na długo przed jej objawami. Przerwanie prawidłowego przebiegu rozwoju neuronalnego powoduje zaburzenia ich funkcji oraz sieci neuronalnej, a po okresie latencji doprowadza do klinicznej manifestacji objawów. W chorobach neurodegeneracyjnych specyficzny patofizjologiczny proces, najczęściej uwarunkowany genetycznie, uszkadza selektywnie „wrażliwą” populację neuronów i wywołuje symptomy i zmiany neuropatologiczne. Przebieg w czasie i natura tych dysfunkcji zależy od nałożenia się procesu chorobowego na normalny proces rozwojowy i dojrzewania, a także od indywidualnej plastyczności i procesów kompensacyjnych w OUN. Schizofrenia spełnia niektóre z tych kryteriów, lecz nie mieści się w wąskiej definicji chorób neurodegeneracyjnych. Nie stwierdzono do tej pory zmian histopatologicznych, immunocytochemicznych pozwalających identyfikować schorzenie. Jednak już w okresie I epizodu większość chorych ma cechy klinicznej deterioracji, po czym u wielu z nich stan stabilizuje się na pewnym poziomie funkcjonowania poznawczego i społecznego, natomiast u części pacjentów nasilenie choroby i dysfunkcje poznawcze stopniowo postępują. Progresja procesu schizofrenicznego znajduje także odbicie w ewolucji objawów w miarę przebiegu choroby, zmianach biochemicznych, anatomicznych w OUN. Obecnie nie można odrzucić hipotezy neurodegeneracyjnej schizofrenii. Może się okazać prawdziwa tylko u części chorych ze specyficznym przebiegiem choroby, a w niektórych przypadkach neurodegeneracja może nakładać się na zaburzenia neurorozwojowe.
Źródło:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2005, 5, 3; 117-125
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The adaptive market hypothesis and the return predictability in the cryptocurrency markets
Autorzy:
Karasiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192168.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
cryptocurrency markets
adaptive market hypothesis
efficient market hypothesis
cryptocurrency return predictability
weak-form efficiency of cryptocurrency markets
martingale difference hypothesis
Opis:
This study employs robust martingale diefrence hypothe sis tests to examine return predictability in a broad sample of the 40 most capitalized cryptocurrency markets in the context of the adaptive market hypothesis. The tests were applied to daily returns using the rolling window method in the research period from May 1, 2013 to September 30, 2022. The results of this study suggest that the returns of the majority of the examined cryptocurrencies were unpredictable most of the time. However, a great part of them also suefred some short periods of weak-form ineficien cy. The results obtained validate the adaptive market hy pothesis. Additionally, this study allowed the observation of some diefrences in return predictability between the examined cryptocurrencies. Also some historical trends in weak-form eficiency were identifed. The results suggest that the predictability of cryptocurrency returns might have decreased in recent years also no significant relation ship between market cap and predictability was observed. JEL codes: G14
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2023, 9, 1; 94-118
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Random walks and market efficiency tests: evidence on US, Chinese and European capital markets within the context of the global Covid-19 pandemic
Autorzy:
Dias, Rui
Teixeira, Nuno
Machova, Veronika
Pardal, Pedro
Horak, Jakub
Vochozka, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
COVID-19
capital market
random walk hypothesis
efficient market hypothesis
arbitration
portfolio diversification
Opis:
Research background: Covid-19 has affected the global economy and has had an inevitable impact on capital markets. In the week of February 24-28, 2020, stock markets crashed. The index FTSE 100 decreased 13%, while the indices DJIA and S&P 500 fell 11-12%, the biggest drop since the 2007-2008 financial and economic crisis. It is therefore of interest to test the random walk hypothesis in developed capital markets, European and also non-European, in order to understand the different predictabilities between them. Purpose of the article: The aim is to analyze capital market efficiency, in its weak form, through the stock market indices of Belgium (index BEL 20), France (index CAC 40), Germany (index DAX 30), USA (index DOW JONES), Greece (index FTSE Athex 20), Spain (index IBEX 35), Ireland (index ISEQ), Portugal (index PSI 20) and China (index SSE) for the period from December 2019 to May 2020. Methods: Panel unit root tests of Breitung (2000), Levin et al. (2002) and Hadri (2002) were used to assess the time series stationarity. The test of Clemente et al. (1998) is used to detect structural breaks. The tests for the random walk hypothesis follows the variance ratio methodology proposed by Lo and MacKinlay (1988). Findings & Value added: In general, we found mixed confirmation about the EMH (efficient market hypothesis). Taking into account the conclusions of the rank variance test, the random walk hypothesis was rejected in the case of stock indices: Dow Jones, SSE and PSI 20, partially rejected in the case indices: BEL 20, CAC 40, FTSTE Athex 20 and DEX 30, but accepted for indices: IBEX 35 and ISEQ. The results also show that prices do not fully reflect the information available and that changes in prices are not independent and identically distributed. This situation has consequences for investors, since some returns can be expected, creating opportunities for arbitrage and for abnormal returns, contrary to the assumptions of random walk and information efficiency.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2020, 11, 4; 585-608
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of lubricating oil improvers on performance of crankshaft seals
Autorzy:
Bzura, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
performance
scientific hypothesis
sealing systems
Opis:
This paper presents an original method for checking influence of lubricating oil improvers on performance of crankshaft seals of combustion piston engine. Crankshaft seals were tested with the use of a modified friction node of T-02 fourball apparatus in laboratory conditions. The tests were conducted according to a worked-out algorithm. Their results confirmed usefulness of the method for determining „harmful” performance of sealing systems, which makes it possible to assess operational usability of lubricating oil improvers. On the basis of an analysis of the results a scientific hypothesis saying that lubricating oil quality affects correctness of performance of crankshaft seals of combustion piston engine, was formulated. The hypothesis was verified by means of induction inference and statistical method with taking into account Fisher statistics.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, S 1; 172-177
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cięcia budżetowe. Przegląd najnowszych badań
Austerity at the Treasury. A review of the recent literature
Autorzy:
Maziarz, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
public debt
economic growth
expansionary fiscal contraction hypothesis
threshold hypothesis
Reinhart-Rogoff affair
austerity
Opis:
The goal is analyzing the most recent cliometric literature on two hypotheses connected to one of the most fiercing problems of the world economy, i.e. historically highest levels of public debt. The author focuses on research published after 2009 aimed at assessing the 90% threshold hypothesis and the expansionary fiscal contraction hypothesis. The opinions among cliometricians are vastly divided. The author concludes that (1) a great dose of scepticism is needed in assessing the recent empirical findings, (2) the 90% threshold hypothesis is not proven, (3) austerity at the Treasure should take place after a recession ends due to possible contractionary influence and (4) it should be based on spending cuts rather than tax increases.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 2 (10); 9-21
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Robustness of two-sample tests to a dependency of observations
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747896.pdf
Data publikacji:
1990
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Robustness and adaptive procedures
Hypothesis testing
Opis:
.
In the paper, a numerical analysis of robustness of Student f-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and a sign test to some dependencies of observations is presented. A Monte Carlo approach has been applied.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1990, 18, 32
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coming Home to Paganism: Theory of Religious Conversion or a Theological Principle?
Autorzy:
Anczyk, Adam
Vencálek, Matouš
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/640954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Neo-Paganism
Homecoming Hypothesis
Religious Conversion
Opis:
The so-called “homecoming” is one of the most (if not the most) popular ways of depicting the process of becoming a follower of Neo-Paganism found in literature, from Margot Adler’s classical Drawing Down the Moon (1979) to contemporary authors, like Graham Harvey. It is interesting that “homecoming” simultaneously occurs in Neo-Pagan literature, as the common way of becoming Pagan, seen as opposite to the process of conversion (usually as a rapid change of religious beliefs). The critique of the “homecoming” defined in the academic field concentrates on showing that there is a possibility it may be more a theological notion, rather than a model of religious change to contemporary Paganism. The broad definition of religious conversion, understood as change in religious behaviour and beliefs, does include “homecoming” as one of the possible conversion narratives. Therefore, we may speak of a “coming home experience” as one of the main themes – but certainly not the only one – that is present in the histories of conversion to contemporary Paganism
Źródło:
Studia Religiologica; 2013, 46, 3; 161-171
0137-2432
2084-4077
Pojawia się w:
Studia Religiologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polki w Norwegii – decyzje i plany prokreacyjne
Autorzy:
Łobodzińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1827713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Poles in Norway
childbearing decisions
childbearing intentions
disruption hypothesis
interrelation of events hypothesis
fertility after migration
Opis:
Given the scale and pace of post-EU accession migrations from Poland, as well as age and gender structure of their participants, an increased interest in family behaviour and intentions of this group has been recently noted. The observed interrelations between migration and family building processes are multidimensional. Thus, this study aims to investigate interrelations between migration, childbearing decisions and intentions of Polish female migrants in Norway. The paper is based on a survey research conducted among Polish female migrants in 2014–2015. The results show that majority of immigrants was childless upon arrival. For those, who had a child before migration, the mobility occurred in a relatively early stage of family formation process. However, a concentration of births shortly after migration can be observed. This concerns mostly women migrating to join their husbands or partners. An opposite evidence is observed regarding respondents who had one child upon arrival to Norway – only few of them proceeded to the second birth. Almost 58% of respondents wants to give birth to their next child in Norway. More importantly, majority of women planning a long-term stay in Norway still has positive or uncertain childbearing intentions.
Źródło:
Studia Demograficzne; 2016, 169, 1; 39-63
0039-3134
Pojawia się w:
Studia Demograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thinking and Morality as a Form of Cooperation in the Light of the Conception of Michael Tomasello
Autorzy:
Żuromski, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1996835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
the Interdependence Hypothesis
the Shared Intentionality Hypothesis
Michael Tomasello
the natural history of human morality
Opis:
In his work A Natural History of Human Thinking, Michael Tomasello depicts thinking as a form of cooperation. Presenting at the same time a conceptual schema enriched with empirical data, he outlines a natural history of thinking in particular, indicating how the process of socialization and new, unique manifestations of human interaction alter the forms of thinking, from the ones we share with primates, through increasingly complex forms characteristic of the primitive man, to these of the contemporary man. In A Natural History of Human Morality Tomasello presents a similar structure, showing morality as a form of human cooperation in which, according to Tomasello, Homo sapiens, seen as “ultra-social primates”, developed new and uniquely human forms of social interaction and organization which, as a result, required new and also very specific for Homo sapiens psychological mechanisms in cognitive processes, social interaction and self-control. While in A Natural History of Human Thinking Tomasello’s main hypothesis is the Shared Intentionality Hypothesis, in A Natural History of Human Morality it is the Interdependence Hypothesis. Thus, this unique structure of abilities and motivation is the feature which distinguishes us from other primates. This essay aims to extract and outline this structure, focusing more on A Natural History of Human Morality.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2017, 2(116); 69-81
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the hypothesis of developmental origin of health and diseases (DOHaD) in epidemiological studies of women at reproductive age and pregnant women in Poland
Autorzy:
Wojtyla, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
hypothesis
Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases hypothesis
DOHaD hypothesis zob.Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases hypothesis
epidemiological study
woman
reproductive age
pregnant woman
epigenetics
birth weight
low birth weight
malnutrition
pregnancy
Polska
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2011, 18, 2
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Information about dynamics of the sea surface as a means to improve safety of the unmanned vessel at sea
Autorzy:
Przyborski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
hypothesis testing
nonlinearity
sea dynamics
USV
Opis:
One of the fundamental states of the sea surface is its heave. Despite of years of the intense scientific inquiry, no clear understanding of the influence of this aspect on the dynamics of the sea environment has emerged. The separation of two nearby fluid elements which one may observed for example as a free floating of small objects on the sea surface (rescuers on the rough sea or small research vessels) is caused by the interaction of different components. On the other hand one may say that the heave of the sea is also a summary interaction of a few components describing the dynamics of the sea. Therefore it is the most important aspect, which influenced the dispersion phenomenon. This observation has important consequences for many different problems as for example conducting Search and Rescue missions and using unmanned ships. We would like to present results of our experiment focused on finding the answer to question about nature of the heave of the sea and its influence on safety of Unmanned Surface Vessels (USV).
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 4; 3-7
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the properties of some predictor in time series analysis
Właściwości pewnego predyktora w analizie szeregów czasowych
Autorzy:
Czogała, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/907045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
predictor
hypothesis testing
mean square error
Opis:
Cieślak (1993) and Kohler and College (1988) considered a predictor being an arithmetic mean of a set of k-latest observations in time series, where k was constant. In this paper a modified predictor is presented and its properties are discussed. For each t-th observation the hypothesis that there is no change in the level of the time series is tested. When the hypothesis isn’t rejected the predictor is an arithmetic mean of a set of t-latest observations otherwise the predictor is equal to the value o f the last observation in the time series. The mean square error is used for assessing the error of prediction.
W swoich pracach Cieślak (1993) oraz Kohler i College (1988) rozważali predyktor będący średnią arytmetyczną k-ostatnich obserwacji szeregu czasowego, gdzie k jest stale. W pracy przedstawiona jest modyfikacja wspomnianego predyktora oraz omówione są jego własności. Zaproponowany predyktor jest średnią arytmetyczną k-ostatnich obserwacji szeregu czasowego, przy czym k nie jest wielkością stałą. Dla każdej t-kolejnej obserwacji szeregu czasowego weryfikowana jest hipoteza, twierdząca, że w poziomie szeregu czasowego nie nastąpiła zmiana. Gdy hipoteza zerowa nie jest odrzucona predyktor jest wyznaczany jako średnia arytmetyczna z wszystkich t-ostatnich obserwacji, w przypadku przeciwnym predyktor jest równy ostatniej obserwacji tego szeregu czasowego. Do oceny błędów predykcji wykorzystany jest błąd średniokwadratowy.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2008, 216
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On robust tests in some parametric models
Autorzy:
Marzec, Leszek
Marzec, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747449.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Robustness and adaptive procedures
Hypothesis testing
Opis:
.
For the exponential-scale and Pareto-shape testing problems the unbiased tests based on order statistics are considered. Under the violations defined by hazards and of the contamination type the tests with the most robust (stable) power functions axe explicitly constructed.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1992, 21, 35
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Most powerful robust tests or robust most powerful tests
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747455.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Robustness and adaptive procedures
Hypothesis testing
Opis:
.
The most powerful robust test and the robust most powerful test in a simple Gaussian model are constructed and discussed.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1995, 24, 38
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
20 years of the Grammar Matrix: cross-linguistic hypothesis testing of increasingly complex interactions
Autorzy:
Zamaraeva, Olga
Curtis, Chris
Emerson, Guy
Fokkens, Antske
Goodman, Michael Wayne
Howell, Kristen
Trimble, Thomas .J.
Bender, Emily M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
HPSG
grammar engineering
typology
hypothesis testing
Opis:
The Grammar Matrix project is a meta-grammar engineering framework expressed in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS). It automates grammar implementation and is thus a tool and a resource for linguistic hypothesis testing at scale. In this paper, we summarize how the Grammar Matrix grew in the last decade and describe how new additions to the system have made it possible to study interactions between analyses, both monolingually and cross-linguistically, at new levels of complexity.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2022, 10, 1; 49--137
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Changing Efficiency of the European Stock Markets
Autorzy:
Karasiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
efficient markets hypothesis
evolving efficiency
stock markets
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to examine how the weak-form efficiency of the European stock markets has changed over the years. The study focuses its attention not on answering the question if the markets were efficient but on explaining how efficiency evolved. With a process based on the random walk model proposed by Louis Bachelier in 1900 still commonly applied in this research, market efficiency was examined using three different tests of the normality of the distribution for the returns of 20 selected European stock market indexes. The tests were performed for each year and for additional two-year sub-periods during the 20-year research period (1999–2018). Moreover, the tests were run for one-, two-, three- and four-day returns’ intervals. The study allowed for a partial rejection of the research hypothesis, finding that on a long-term basis the efficiency of European stock markets tends to improve. Indeed, the results indicate that overall efficiency tended to improve but only since the end of the 2008 global financial crisis. From the very beginning of the research period until 2008, overall efficiency was shown to decrease.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2020, 54, 1; 41-51
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A probabilistic concept of load assessmentof self-ignition engines
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
hypothesis
load
self-ignition engine
stochastic process
Opis:
A proposal of probabilistic interpretation of loading process of self-ignition combustion engines, was presented. Probabilistic description of loading the engines was proposed with taking into account known parameters (indices) of their operation. It was demonstrated that instantaneous load of such engines can be considered a random variable. Attention was paid to the fact that the load can be taken as a multi-dimensional random variable. Engine load changes during its operation were considered as the loading process and presented in the form of a multi-dimensional stochastic process whose states are loads considered to be random variables. It was demonstrated that the loading process can be taken as the stochastic one of asymptotically independent incements, stationary and ergodic. Justification of the above mentioned features of the loading process is contained in the presented hypotheses. It was also demonstrated that in testing the load process of self-ignition engines stochastic relation between thermal and mechanical loading should be taken into account.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2008, 2; 65-70
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hipoteza – krzywa wiedzy dziecka
Hypothesis of a student’s knowledge curve
Autorzy:
Stępień, Kamil
Stępień, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1389065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
hypothesis
curve
knowledge
students
influence
age
exam
Opis:
The authors checked the results of the final primary school exam of 3 million Polish students in the years 2005–2013. This research confirms the influence of the age of entering education on the student’s results and the chance of repeating a school year. This paper presents only a sample of the research, supported by a hypothesis of a student’s knowledge curve.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2014, 27, 4; 63-73
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Satistical problems of point processes
Autorzy:
Krickeberg, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748503.pdf
Data publikacji:
1978
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Non-Markovian processes: hypothesis testing, Filtering, Prediction
Opis:
Wykłady niniejsze wygłoszone były we wrześniu 1976 r. w Międzynarodowym Centrum Matematycznym im. Stefana Banacha w Warszawie, w ramach Semestru ze Statystyki Matematycznej.
This is a set of lectures delivered at the International Mathematical Centre, Warsaw, in 1976. The text contains three sections. Section 1 is devoted to basic notions. In the second section inference from a family of Poisson processes is considered. The last section deals with the problems of filtering of Cox processes (doubly stochastic processes).
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1978, 6, 13
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prime numbers with a certain extremal type property
Autorzy:
Tutaj, Edward
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/744669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
prime numbers
prime counting function
Riemann hypothesis
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Mathematica; 2018, 17
2300-133X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hipoteza artyfikacji i jej znaczenie dla kognitywizmu, neuroestetyki i estetyki ewolucyjnej
Autorzy:
Dissanayake, Ellen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/645153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
artification hypothesis
art
neuroaesthetics
evolutionary aesthetics
cognitivism
Opis:
The artification hypothesis presented in this paper is based on the assumption that small children have the ability not ju st to persuade other to give them physical safety but also to initiate social bonds and emotional interaction. Thus the interactions between the child and mother are adaptive in their character and as such they were not considered by evolutionary psychologists. The other factor of artification is the ritualization of those interactions. The article delivers many examples of proto aesthetic actions and artifications stressing out also the religious aspect of the phenomenon. The author concludes with the notion that artification and aesthetic agency are adaptive as such and they were just as important in the human evolution as nonverbal information transmission.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2015, 8, 2; 183-210
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem umiejscowienia prionów w obszarze pogranicza życia
The Problem of Prions Location in the Area of Borderland of Life
Autorzy:
Łapiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
białko ScPrP
prion [PSI]
[URE]
prion [het-s]
replikacja prionów
białko CtmPrP
szczep scrapie
hipoteza kryształu
hipoteza wirino
hipoteza polimeryzacji
hipoteza heterodimeru
protein PrPSc
prion's replication
protein PrPCtm
scrapie forms
crystal hypothesis
virino hypothesis
polymerisation hypothesis
heterodimer hypothesis
Opis:
The status of prions' attachment to the biotic or abiotic sphere is not established. In consideration of structure prions are infections proteins – in case of animals and human being – constructs from the specifically protein calls PrPc, which PrPSc form is a prion. The prions were indicating also at fungi ([PSI] and [URE]) and yeast ([het-s]). There are big probability occurrences of prions at some another organisms, too. According to cybernetic approach to the life organism, prions positively fulfil conditions: semi-opennesness (half-openness), complexity, hierarchicalness and structure. There are formulates some of doubts about possibility of fulfils by prion conditions of program and cybernetic system. In addition the phenomenon of self-multiplication of prion has not unequivocally estimation. In the formulation of Tibor Gánti's life system, prion positively realises some requirements: coherent whole, coherent stability, control, and mortality. In my opinion prions negative fulfils condition: metabolism and phenomenon of adjustment. We also not observe at prions: system, which takes information, phenomenon of growth, reproduction, and heredity of changes and evolution. Final inference: it is a lack today some of precise conclusions about biotic or abiotic nature of prions.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2003, 51, 3; 303-323
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rynki finansowe w warunkach ograniczonej racjonalności
Financial markets in the conditionsof bounded rationality
Autorzy:
Ambroziak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
financial markets
bounded rationality
efficient market hypothesis
Opis:
In this paper an attempt was made to clarify the reasons of price movements on financial markets in the conditions of decision-makers bounded rationality. The emphasis of rationality of individuals, which is limited by information they have and the cognitive limitations of their minds, allowed to discuss the hypothesis of efficient markets and an assumption of their rational expectations. As a results of these considerations a model of financial markets was formulated in which an investor could choose different investment strategies and decide to change originally chosen ones as a consequence of their bounded rationality.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 3(3); 76-93
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weakly nonlinear regression model with constraints I: nonlinear hypothesis
Autorzy:
Kubácek, Lubomír
Tesaríková, Eva
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
regression model with constraints
nonlinear hypothesis
linearization
Opis:
The problem considered is under which conditions in weakly nonlinear regression model with constraints I a weakly nonlinear hypothesis can be tested by linear methods. The aim of the paper is to find a region around the approximate value of the regression parameter with the following property. If we are certain that the actual value of the regression parameter is in this region, then the linear method of testing can be used without any significant deterioration of the inference.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2005, 25, 1; 115-133
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola aksjomatu w matematyce współczesnej oraz w perspektywie dociekań nad aksjomatem wyboru
The role of axioms in contemporary mathematics in the view of investigations on axiom of choice
Autorzy:
Lewandowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691223.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
axiomatization
axioms
axiom of choice
continuum hypothesis
Opis:
We show how philosophy effected the shape of mathematics when the proof of Well-Ordering Principle was formulated by Ernst Zermelo. We also consider the significance of philosophy of mathematics today. We concentrate on Solomon Feferman and Penelope Maddy attitude in the recent debate on the need of new axioms in mathematics.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2011, 48; 148-165
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy niskie dawki promieniowania jonizującego są szkodliwe?
Can low level ionizing radiation do us harm?
Autorzy:
Janiak, Marek Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
promieniowanie jonizujące
hipoteza liniowa bezprogowa
hipoteza LNT
hormeza radiacyjna
ionizing radiation
linear no-threshold hypothesis
LNT hypothesis
radiation hormesis
Opis:
Wiele już opublikowanych i nowo pojawiające się wyniki badań wyraźnie wskazują na korzystne, prozdrowotne działanie niskich dawek promieniowania jonizującego (p.j.). Dane te przeczą dominującej opinii, że każda ekspozycja na p.j., nawet w najmniejszej dawce, może wywołać nowotwór i powinna być unikana. Co gorsza, opinia ta, w postaci tzw. hipotezy LNT (linear, no threshold), stanowi podstawę regulacji obowiązujących w ochronie radiologicznej. W niniejszym artykule, po krótkim przedstawieniu genezy modelu LNT, przedstawiono przekonujące wyniki analiz epidemiologicznych i badań doświadczalnych oraz leczenia nowotworów u ludzi, które wyraźnie świadczą o braku podstaw naukowych dla tego modelu. Podano także przy kłady brzemiennych w skutki konsekwencji stosowania hipotezy LNT w praktyce. Konkluzją jest postulat, aby porzucić fałszywą i szkodliwą „ideologię” LNT, która „więzi nas w czasie przeszłym”, utrwala radiofobię i stanowi przeszkodę w powszechnym stosowaniu nieszkodliwych, a często korzystnych dla zdrowia ekspozycji w niskich dawkach p.j.
The linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis of cancer risk assessment resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) constitutes the basis of our radiological protection philosophy and regulations. This hypothesis assumes that each absorbed dose of IR, no matter how small, is potentially carcinogenic and that the effects of low doses (not exceeding 100 mGy and 0.1 mGy/min for acute and chronic exposures, respectively) can be extrapolated from those of high doses of IR. However, evidence accumulated over many years clearly indicates that absorption of low radiation doses does not cause harm and often promotes health. In this review I provide examples of the results of both epidemiological analyses and controlled experimental studies which indicate that there is a qualitative difference between the effects of low vs. high doses of IR and that the LNT tenet lacks scientific justification. I also outline the genesis and reasons for its persistence as well as numerous negative consequences of using the latter and conclude it’s high time to replace the LNT dogma with a scientifically-based relationship such as a hormetic or a threshold dose-response model.
Źródło:
Postępy Techniki Jądrowej; 2022, 2; 11--21
0551-6846
Pojawia się w:
Postępy Techniki Jądrowej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelowanie wpływu niesymetrycznych dwu-blokowych obciążeń na kumulację uszkodzeń zmęczeniowych w stali EN295
Analysis of non-symmetrical two block loading influence on cumulative fatigue damage in steel EN295
Autorzy:
Gołoś, K.
Gołoś, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/252091.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
uszkodzenie zmęczeniowe
hipoteza Palmgrena-Minera
hipoteza Gołosia-Ellyina
obciążenie
Palmgren-Miner hypothesis
Golos and Ellyin hypothesis
fatigue damage
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych kumulacji uszkodzeń zmęczeniowych przy cyklicznych dwu-blokowych sekwencjach obciążenia dla cykli symetrycznych i z dodatnim odkształceniem średnim cyklu dla stali En 295. Do analizy danych doświadczalnych oprócz liniowej hipotezy Palmgrena-Minera została wykorzystana również hipoteza Gołosia-Ellyina. Porównanie wyników doświadczalnych i analitycznych wykazało dość dobrą zgodność.
The results of experimental studies of fatigue damage accumulation at the cyclic two-block sequence loading for steel En295 have been presented Studies have shown load sequence effect on fatigue damage accumulation process for the test steel. In the descending load values in a block (H-L) summed linearly measure of accumulation was in the range of 0, 65 to 0.94. If the reverse order of blocks (L-H) linearly summed measure of the accumulation ranged from 1.02 to 1.25. Positive mean strain generally decreases the fatigue life. For the analysis of experimental data in addition to the linear hypothesis Palmgren-Miner has been used a hypothesis put forward by Golos and Ellyin. Predictions based on the analyzed hypothesis for the analyzed test load sequence for symmetrical and with mean strain cycles for steel specimen En295 compared with the data obtained showed good agreement.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2015, 12; 568-571, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sztuka epoki paleolitu w świetle hipotezy mózgu społecznego
Art of the paleolithic era in the light of the social brain hypothesis
Autorzy:
Wagner, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
portable art,
Paleolithic,
rock art
social brain hypothesis
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to try to look at the phenomenon of Paleolithic cave art differently – through the prism of the assumptions of the social brain hypothesis. This paper will present the main assumptions of Robin Dunbar’s social brain concept, which assumes that the increase in the size of the social group influenced the development of the individual (both biologically and socio-culturally). Larger communities provided the impetus for the development of new cognitive qualities, which provided the opportunity for art to emerge.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2023, 28; 315-331
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acquisition of Structures at Syntax-Discourse Interface: Post-Verbal Subjects in L2 English
Autorzy:
Mitkovska, Liljana
Bužarovska, Eleni
Stojanovska-Ilievska, Natasha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
subject inversion
information structure
word order
interface hypothesis
Opis:
The present study explores the acceptability of postverbal subjects by intermediate and advanced L2 English learners with L1 Macedonian, a pro-drop Slavic language with rich verbal morphology. The two languages differ regarding the distribution of subject-verb inversion (SVI): in Macedonian, it is a default pattern in thetic sentences, but English severely restricts SVI to specific contexts. To test the hypothesis that Macedonian learners encounter difficulties in acquisition of English SVI because of crosslinguistic influence, a grammaticality judgement and correction task was administered to two groups of Macedonian learners of English and a control group of English native speakers. The results revealed that L2 learners find English VS sentences and VS + it-insertion examples more acceptable than the native speakers, but the performance of the advanced group is closer to the native speakers than to the intermediate learners. Both non-native groups accept more readily inappropriate English sentences that conform to typical L1 structures.
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2023, 9, 2; 1-22
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The ribosome filter hypothesis and specialized ribosomes
Autorzy:
Filipek, Kamil
Deryło, Kamil
Michalec-Wawiórka, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
filter hypothesis
rRNA
ribosomal proteins
ribosome
specialized ribosomes
Opis:
The ribosome is a macromolecular complex of proteins and RNA, which plays a key role in every living organism, being a heart of the process of translation. Recent findings have shown that it can be also regarded as a regulatory element that adjusts cellular proteome to highly variable environmental conditions. The ribosome is believed to possess the ability to “filter” populations of mRNAs for choosing their appropriate set to meet current demands of the cell. The filter mechanism is based on a specific interaction between mRNA and rRNA or mRNA and ribosomal proteins. The ribosome “filtering activity” is reflected by the ribosomal particles heterogeneity, which originates mainly from variations or modifications within particular components of translational apparatus. Alternations of ribosomal proteins or/and rRNA generate a specific class of ribosomes called specialized ribosomes, which having unique composition can display selectivity toward particular mRNAs representing an additional step of gene expression regulation at the translational level. This work describes a basis of ribosome filter hypothesis illustrated by interesting examples from different domains of life.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 93; 19-29
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of the change-point of a distribution in a sequence of random variables
Autorzy:
Schulze, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748634.pdf
Data publikacji:
1986
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Research exposition
Bayesian problems
Hypothesis testing
Point estimation
Opis:
Artykuł nie zawiera streszczenia
The article contains no abstract
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1986, 14, 28
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimal innovation in press advertisements
Autorzy:
Wojtaszek, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/577113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
advertising slogans
appreciation
intelligibility
Optimal Innovation Hypothesis
salience
Opis:
The discourse of advertising offers an environment conducive to the exploitation of novelty in language. Novelty can be conceptualised as an opposite of salience (Giora, 2003), being also a graded feature. Giora claims that there exists a specific level of novelty, which evokes pleasurable experience in recipients. She proposes Optimal Innovation Hypothesis, which may be implied in the investigation of various types of discourse marked with high originality. The paper reports on two studies. The initial one, described in Wojtaszek (2011), focused on the appreciation of three alternative versions of Polish and British advertising slogans, while the subsequent one is the attempt to find a relationship between the previous findings and the degree of legibility of the investigated texts. In the appreciation task the plain formulations received the lowest scores, followed by the highly innovative slogans, with the optimally innovative formulations ranking highest. In the task where evaluation of clarity was performed, the plain formulations turned out to be the easiest, the optimally innovative slogans were a bit more difficult, and the highly innovative ones the least conspicuous. A number of interesting dependencies were also found, suggesting further developments for the future.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2011, 32; 121-132
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Cointegrated VAR Model with Deterministic Structural Breaks
Autorzy:
Gosińska, Emilia
Welfe, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2119887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
structural breaks
cointegrated VAR
WALD test
hypothesis testing
Opis:
The presence of a binary variable in the cointegrated VAR (CVAR) model is most often interpreted as the structural break affecting the data generating process. It is proved in the paper that to enjoy this interpretation the binary variable must appear simultaneously inside and outside the cointegration space. In order to test for the break we advocate to employ the Wald statistic, however, its critical values and the power had to be simulated separately for the possible change of the constant, the trend, and both. The experiments were designed for different sizes of the cointegrating space, number of variables, the span of the break, normally and t-distributed errors. It is shown that the power of the test depends mostly on the magnitude of the break and the sample size while other factors are of secondary importance. In order to test for the break at unknown period the supWald statistic was proposed.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2022, 3; 335-350
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transformacje morfosyntaktyczne w badaniach eksperymentalnych, czyli lingwistyka między matematyką a psychologią
Morpho-syntactic transformations in experimental studies. Linguistics between mathematics and psychology
Autorzy:
Nowak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2109508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
hypothesis linguistic
psychological reality
epistemological control
laboratory experiment
Opis:
The article is reconnaissance. The author seeks to answer the question: is transformations are psychologically real? The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to the hypothesis of grammar: transformational grammar and theme-rheme grammar. In close relationship with the analyzed problem author make some experiments. On this basis, the author draws own conclusions.
Źródło:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2017, 17; 163-180
1641-6961
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Some Simulation Procedures for Comparing Nonparametric Methods of Regression
Wybrane symulacyjne procedury porównywania nieparametrycznych metod regresji
Autorzy:
Trzęsiok, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
nonparametric regression
model comparison
benchmarking experiments
hypothesis testing
Opis:
Nonparametric methods of regression form a large group of varied and rapidly growing methods. In many situations we have a problem with comparing these methods in order to select one of them to solve the regression problem. We present the simulation procedure for comparing the performance of several competing algorithms of nonparametric regression. This procedure has two stages. In the first one, the ranking of nonparametric models of regression is created. In the second stage, statistical test procedures can be used to test the significance of differences in the performances of models presented in the ranking. The procedure is applied to regression benchmark studies based on real world data.
W artykule przedstawiono symulacyjną procedurę badawczą pozwalającą na porównywanie różnych nieparametrycznych modeli regresji, jak i wybór najlepszego z nich. Zaproponowana procedura przebiega dwuetapowo. W pierwszym etapie tworzony jest ranking modeli regresji, pod względem dokładności predykcji, mierzonej za pomocą błędu średniokwadratowego obliczonego metodą sprawdzania krzyżowego ( MSECV ). Drugi etap analizy ma na celu zbadanie istotności różnic pomiędzy uzyskanymi wartościami MSECV , a tym samym skorygowanie otrzymanych rankingów. Do testowania istotności wspomnianych różnic wykorzystano nieparametryczną statystykę testującą zaproponowaną przez Hothorna. Opisaną procedurę badawczą zastosowano w badaniu empirycznym, dla zbiorów danych standardowo wykorzystywanych do analizowania własności różnych metod regresji.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2013, 286
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czego chciałbym nauczyć studentów studiów społecznych
What I Would Like to Teach to Students of Social Sciences
Autorzy:
Hajduk, Edward
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/423856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Lubuskie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Social Research Methodology
Hypothesis
Main and detailed Problems
Opis:
The article discusses the consequences of the division of problems into: a/ main and b/ detailed, and the division of hypotheses into: c/ general and d/ detailed. It also shows the consequences of the assumption about the equivalence of conditions listed in detailed hypotheses in order to maintain or reject the general hypothesis. Moreover, the paper indicates the consequences of a subjective attitude towards the hypothesis revealed by its author. The attitude is expressed by such words as „I assume that...”. The paper also deals with several versions of identifying various orders: a/ physical, b/ logical, c/ syntactical and d/ semantic. It additionally discusses the consequences of some methodological declarations.
W artykule omówione zostały konsekwencje podziału problemów na: a) główne, b) szczegółowe oraz podziału hipotez na: c) ogólne i d) szczegółowe. Wskazane są też konsekwencje założenia o równoważności uwarunkowań wymienionych w hipotezach szczegółowych dla zachowania albo odrzucenia hipotezy ogólnej. Innym wątkiem artykułu jest wskazanie konsekwencji ujawnionego przez autora hipotezy subiektywnego nastawienia do niej wyrażone za pomocą np. takiego sformułowania: „przypuszczam że…” W artykule omówionych zostało też kilka wersji utożsamiania różnych porządków: a) fizycznego i b) logicznego oraz c) syntaktycznego i d) semantycznego a także konsekwencji niektórych deklaracji metodologicznych.
Źródło:
Rocznik Lubuski; 2012, 38, 2; 171-189
0485-3083
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Lubuski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Montesquieu hypothesis and football: players from hot countries are more expressive after scoring a goal
Autorzy:
Sorokowski, P.
Sorokowska, A.
Onyishi, I. E.
Szarota, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
emotional expression
football
Montesquieu hypothesis
temperature
cross-cultural differences
Opis:
Analysis of sportsmen behavior enabled the authors to conduct simultaneous analysis of emotional expression of people from many distinct countries and cultures. In the study, participants from Nigeria and Poland watched all the goals scored in group matches of the 1998, 2002 and 2006 World Cups and assessed the emotions players expressed after scoring each goal on three scales (happiness, anger, and excitement). Based on the assessment of the participants, emotional expression of football players from 51 countries was analyzed. Basing on “Montesquieu hypothesis”, it was shown that players born in warmer climates (controlling for HDI of their country) express more excitement and happiness after scoring a goal. Further cross-cultural differences were also found. The results are discussed in context of previous cross-cultural studies regarding emotional expression.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 4; 421-430
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Age on Polish Households Financial Behavior – Indebtedness and Over-Indebtedness
Autorzy:
Anioła-Mikołajczak, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/429324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
household indebtedness
household over-indebtedness
age
life-cycle hypothesis
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to examine how age of the head of household affects the financial behavior of households in terms of indebtedness and over-indebtedness. The over-indebtedness was analyzed from two aspects – margin and debt service ratio indicators. The data from Household Budget Survey in 2011 conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland was used in the analyses. To achieve the main objective, selected measures of descriptive statistics and contingency tables were used. The research results confirm that in Poland credits were taken mainly by households of young people, which is consistent with assumptions of the life cycle hypothesis. Although these assumptions were not confirmed in the case of a problem with over-indebtedness.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2017, 1(85)
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimating the Baumol-Bowen and Balassa-Samuelson Effects in the Polish Economy - a Disaggregated Approach
Autorzy:
Konopczak, Karolina
Torój, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis
monetary integration
real appreciation
panel cointegration
Opis:
This paper estimates the magnitude of the Baumol-Bowen and Balassa-Samuleson effects in the Polish economy. The purpose of the analysis is to establish to what extent the differential price dynamics in Poland and in the euro area and the real appreciation of PLN against EUR are explained by the differential in respective productivity dynamics. The historical contribution of the Baumol-Bowen effect to Polish inflation rate is estimated at 0:9 - 1:0 percentage points in the short run. According to estimation results, the Balassa-Samuelson effect contributed around 0:9 to 1:0 percentage point per annum to the rate of relative price growth between Poland and the euro area and 1:0 to 1:2 p.p. to real exchange rate appreciation. The long-run effects are of an approximately twice larger magnitude. Sub-sample calculations and productivity trends over the last decade suggest that this impact should be declining. However, its size is still non-negligible for policymakers in the context of euro adoption in Poland.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2010, 2, 2; 117-150
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
To the Abyss and Beyond
Autorzy:
Rusek, Antonin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/659703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Life Cycle Hypothesis
GDP growth
VAR models
conditional forecasts
Opis:
Abstract. Life cycle hypothesis and Solow neo-classical growth concepts are used to construct and estimate VAR models of USA’s GDP dynamics. Conditional forecasts are then made for those two variables for the next two years, using different assumptions regarding the future dynamics of the household’s net worth. Results show that under all assumptions the US GDP growth GDP remains sluggish. The historical peak GDP level (achieved in Q2 from 2008) is not achieved by the Ql of 2011.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2010, 241
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Copernican Hypotheses Part 2
Autorzy:
Dersley, Stephen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
N. Copernicus hypothesis
T. S. Kuhn
philosophy of science
Opis:
The Copernicus constructed by Thomas S. Kuhn in The Copernican Revolution (1957) is a decidedly non-revolutionary astronomer who unwittingly ignited a conceptual revolution in the European worldview. Kuhn’s reading of Copernicus was crucial for his model of science as a deeply conservative discourse, which presented in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). This essay argues that Kuhn’s construction of Copernicus and depends on the suppression of the most radical aspects of Copernicus’ thinking, such as the assumptions of the Commentariolus (1509-14) and the conception of hypothesis of De Revolutionibus (1543). After comparing hypothetical thinking in the writings of Aristotle and Ptolemy, it is suggested that Copernicus’ conceptual breakthrough was enabled by his rigorous use of hypothetical thinking.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Cultural Studies; 2015, 1
2392-0661
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Cultural Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Copernican Hypotheses Part 1
Autorzy:
Dersley, Stephen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
N. Copernicus hypothesis
T. S. Kuhn
philosophy of science
Opis:
The Copernicus constructed by Thomas S. Kuhn in The Copernican Revolution (1957) is a decidedly non-revolutionary astronomer who unwittingly ignited a conceptual revolution in the European worldview. Kuhn’s reading of Copernicus was crucial for his model of science as a deeply conservative discourse, which presented in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). This essay argues that Kuhn’s construction of Copernicus and depends on the suppression of the most radical aspects of Copernicus’ thinking, such as the assumptions of the Commentariolus (1509-14) and the conception of hypothesis of De Revolutionibus (1543). After comparing hypothetical thinking in the writings of Aristotle and Ptolemy, it is suggested that Copernicus’ conceptual breakthrough was enabled by his rigorous use of hypothetical thinking.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Cultural Studies; 2015, 1
2392-0661
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Cultural Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of antagonistic wire-driven joint employing kinematic transmission mechanism
Autorzy:
Sonoda, T.
Nishida, Y.
Nassiraei, A. A. F.
Ishii, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
antagonistic-driven joints
equilibrium point hypothesis
controllable stiffness mechanisms
Opis:
Antagonistic mechanisms attract attentions as joint actuators of linkage mechanisms, which control output torque, joint stiffness and position simultaneously. As the actuators or components of antagonistic driven joints, special devices with nonlinear elasticity property such as pneumatic actuators, nonlinear springs are often utilized to satisfy the requirements of antagonistic mechanisms. However, these devices have difficulties in control caused by complex and nonlinear properties, downsizing of actuator, and response time of articular compliance. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new antagonistic joint mechanism using kinematic transmission mechanism (KTM), which is composed of links and cams with dedicated design. The performance of KTM is evaluated through stiffness and position control simulations and experiments.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2010, 4, 2; 62-70
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new Kantorovich-type theorem for Newtons method
Autorzy:
Argyros, Ioannis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1338842.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Newton's method
Lipschitz-Hölder condition
Kantorovich hypothesis
Banach space
Opis:
A new Kantorovich-type convergence theorem for Newton's method is established for approximating a locally unique solution of an equation F(x)=0 defined on a Banach space. It is assumed that the operator F is twice Fréchet differentiable, and that F', F'' satisfy Lipschitz conditions. Our convergence condition differs from earlier ones and therefore it has theoretical and practical value.
Źródło:
Applicationes Mathematicae; 1999, 26, 2; 151-157
1233-7234
Pojawia się w:
Applicationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How Relevant Is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to Contemporary Psycholinguistic Research?
Autorzy:
Latkowska, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
linguistic relativity
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
cognition
language
correlational study
Opis:
The paper raises the question of whether the linguistic relativity proposal, also known as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, should be used as a frame of reference for modern research into the relationship of language to cognition. The question is discussed in the context of Whorf’s (1956) writings, with emphasis on factors that are crucial to the proposal, i.e. language, thought, and behavior.The second issue addressed by the paper is whether linguistic categories provide an accurate window on cognition, as was suggested by Whorf and in some of the more recent debates. The analysis takes the form of a correlational study which examines the categorization criteria applied in tests that require language-based and language-neutral judgments.
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2015, 1, 1
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozumienie hipotezy w słownikach i podręcznikach zakresu nauk społecznych
Understanding hypothesis in dictionaries and textbooks in the field of social sciences
Autorzy:
Narkiewicz-Niedbalec, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
hipoteza
warunki stawiane hipotezom
hipoteza w badaniach ilościowych i jakościowych
hypothesis
the conditions posed upon hypotheses
hypothesis in quantitative and qualitative researches
Opis:
Autorka podejmuje analizę wybranych przykładów definicji hipotez. Pochodzą one ze słowników, encyklopedii i podręczników nauk społecznych. Pokazuje różnorodność przyjmowanych definicji i konsekwencje ich zastosowania. Autorka sięga po przykłady z logiki, psychologii i socjologii. Przywołuje stanowisko reprezentantów badań ilościowych i jakościowych. Opowiada się za jednoznacznym wyborem jednej definicji hipotezy i konsekwentnym jej stosowaniem przy redagowaniu hipotez we własnych badaniach empirycznych.
The author analyses selected examples of definitions of hypotheses. They come from dictionaries, encyclopaedias and social science textbooks. The author shows diversity of the adopted definitions and the consequences of their application. She refers to the examples of logic, psychology, and sociology. The author also recalls the position of representatives of quantitative and qualitative research. She is in favour of an explicit choice of one definition of a hypothesis and of its consistent application it in editing hypotheses in empirical research.
Źródło:
Relacje. Studia z nauk społecznych; 2016, 1; 111-126
2543-5124
Pojawia się w:
Relacje. Studia z nauk społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of diesel oil specific heat impact for operation of the supply pump
Autorzy:
Bzura, P.
Kreft, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073603.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
pump load
research hypothesis
fuel oil
hipoteza badawcza
olej smarowy
Opis:
The article describes a test rig that allows the measurement of fuel oil specific heat changes based on the cooling time of liquids. After that, by analysing the test results, a research hypothesis was created and verified. The hypothesis is that the specific heat energy of fuel oil impact the operation of the circulation pump.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2017, 12, 1; 15--20
1231-3998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strength of a metal seven-layer rectangular plate with trapezoidal corrugated cores
Autorzy:
Magnucka-Blandzi, E.
Walczak, Z.
Wittenbeck, L.
Rodak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
rectangular layered plate
corrugated cores
hypothesis of deformation
deflection
stresses
Opis:
The subject of analytical and numerical investigations in this paper is a metal seven-layer rectangular plate with a trapezoidal corrugated main core and two trapezoidal corrugated cores of faces. The hypothesis of deformation of the normal to the middle surface of the plate after bending and field of displacements is formulated. The plate is simply supported on all its edges and subjected to a uniform pressure. Equations of equilibrium are derived based on the theorem of minimum total potential energy and are solved with the use of the Galerkin method. The influence of the trapezoidal corrugation pitch of the cores on the deflection and the equivalent stress is analysed.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2017, 55, 2; 433-446
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comments on linear summation hypothesis of fatigue failures
Autorzy:
Szala, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
fatigue life calculations
summation hypothesis of fatigue failures
variable load
Opis:
This paper presents a comparative analysis of results of fatigue life calculations with the use of the linear summation hypothesis of fatigue failures (LHSUZ), confronted with experimental test results. The calculations and fatigue tests were performed for variable amplitude(VA), two-step and ten-step loading conditions , both in the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and high-cycle fatigue ( HCF) range, for the case of C45 steel as an example. Experimental verification of the hypothesis LHSUZ did not revealed any significant influence of load level and form of load spectrum on conformity of results of the calculation by using the LHSUZ, to results of fatigue tests on C45 steel. However, it enabled to assess magnitude of a correction factor which appears in the considered linear hypothesis.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2014, 3; 77-85
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exact distribution for the generalized F tests
Autorzy:
Fonseca, Miguel
Mexia, Joao
Zmyślony, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
exact distribution theory
hypothesis testing
generalized F distribution
adaptative test
Opis:
Generalized F statistics are the quotients of convex combinations of central chi-squares divided by their degrees of freedom. Exact expressions are obtained for the distribution of these statistics when the degrees of freedom either in the numerator or in the denominator are even. An example is given to show how these expressions may be used to check the accuracy of Monte-Carlo methods in tabling these distributions. Moreover, when carrying out adaptative tests, these expressions enable us to estimate the p-values whenever they are available.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2002, 22, 1-2; 37-51
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Weak-Form Informational Efficiency of the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Wpływ wybuchu epidemii COVID-19 na efektywność informacyjną Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie w formie słabej
Autorzy:
Karasiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21492269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
COVID-19
stock market
efficient market hypothesis
weak-form efficiency
martingale hypothesis
rynek akcji
hipoteza rynku efektywnego
hipoteza w formie
słabej
hipoteza martyngałowa
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to verify whether the COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected the weak-form informational efficiency of the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). Applying a wild bootstrapped automatic variance ratio test and the rolling window methodology, we verify the martingale hypothesis for daily returns of 437 stocks listed on the Main Market of the WSE i n a research period beginning on January 2nd, 2015 and ending on August 31st, 2020. The percentage of cases in which the martingale hypothesis cannot be rejected is our proxy for the weak-form informational efficiency that we come up with. Despite the rapid and significant price movements, as well as the rise of returns volatility (and thus a likely herd behavior of the market participants), the results obtained do not allow for stating unambiguously that the COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected the weak-form informational efficiency of the WSE. The results turned out to be sector-dependent. Future issue-related studies can apply other proxies of efficiency levels as a unique proxy applied in this study is based only on a wild bootstrapped automatic variance ratio test. The issue-related studies should be also continued as the pandemic is still an ongoing issue. This study comes up with a novel approach to approximating the weak-form informational efficiency, provides regulators, as well as other market participants with valuable information on the WSE efficiency changes in the COVID-19 pandemic times and even its long-term trends.
Celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie czy wybuch epidemii COVID-19 negatywnie wpłynął na efektywność informacyjną Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie (GPW) w formie słabej. Za pomocą automatycznego testu wskaźnika ilorazu wariancji wykorzystującego procedurę niestabilnego bootstrapa oraz wykorzystując metodykę postępujących okien weryfikowana jest hipoteza martyngałowa dla dziennych stóp zwrotu 437 akcji notowanych na Głównym Rynku GPW w okresie badawczym rozpoczynającym się 2 stycznia 2015 r. i kończącym się 31 sierpnia 2020 roku. Odsetek przypadków, w których hipoteza martyngałowa nie może być odrzucona stanowi zaproponowaną w niniejszym badaniu miarę efektywności informacyjnej rynku w formie słabej. Pomimo znaczących i nagłych zmian cen na rynku oraz wzrostu zmienności stóp zwrotu (i stąd prawdopodobnych zachowań stadnych uczestników rynku), otrzymane wyniki nie pozwalają na wysunięcie jednoznacznego wniosku mówiącego, że wybuch epidemii COVID-19 negatywnie wpłynął na efektywność informacyjną GPW w formie słabej. Zachowanie efektywności po wybuchu epidemii różniło się między sektorami. Kolejne, ściśle powiązane badania mogą wykorzystywać inne miary efektywności, ponieważ unikalna miara zastosowana w niniejszym badaniu jest oparta jedynie na automatycznym teście wskaźnika ilorazu wariancji wykorzystującym procedurę niestabilnego bootstrapa. Badania powinny być również kontynuowane z uwagi na to, że pandemia jest ciągle trwającym zjawiskiem. Niniejsze badanie proponuje nowe podejście do szacowania efektywności informacyjnej rynku w formie słabej. Ponadto dostarcza regulatorom i innym uczestnikom rynku cennych informacji dotyczących zmian efektywności GPW w czasach pandemii COVID-19 oraz jej długoterminowych trendów.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały; 2022, 2(37); 15-28
1733-9758
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Facts and their interpretation in paleoanthropological enquiries
Fakt i jego interpretacja w badaniach pradziejowych
Autorzy:
Tomczyk, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/470847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
paleoantropologia
paradyjmat
hipoteza
fakt
interpretacja
paleoanthropology
paradigm
hypothesis
fact
interpretation
Opis:
The search for truth in the sciences which deal with the prehistoric past seems exceptionally attractive. What is involved in them is not only the historical dimension, but also an attempt at understanding the present moment. This trivial statement may in practice cause a lot of trouble, since the issue at stake is actually not how “truth” is defined, but rather how we arrive at it. We need to remember that while the first stage of the scientific inquiry usually involves the gathering and description of facts, the second stage is mainly concerned with their explanation and interpretation. At both stages of scientific cognition – that is both in the process of obtaining facts and interpreting them – truth can be falsified by mistake or on purpose. Thus, the main aim of science – to make our comprehension agree with the subject (the state of affairs) under scrutiny – can be suppressed by subjective motivation. It is therefore recommendable to present various reasons behind such a peculiar “emendation” of truth in prehistoric research.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2016, 14, 2; 115-132
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimators and tests for variance components in cross nested orthogonal designs
Autorzy:
Fonseca, Miguel
Mexia, João
Zmyślony, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729794.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
hypothesis testing
generalized F distribution
adaptative test
nested orthogonal designs
Opis:
Explicit expressions of UMVUE for variance components are obtained for a class of models that include balanced cross nested random models. These estimators are used to derive tests for the nullity of variance components. Besides the usual F tests, generalized F tests will be introduced. The separation between both types of tests will be based on a general theorem that holds even for mixed models. It is shown how to estimate the p-value of generalized F tests.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2003, 23, 2; 175-201
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of studying abroad on students’ intercultural competence: An interview study
Autorzy:
Sobkowiak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
contact hypothesis
intercultural encounters
intercultural sensitivity
intercultural competence
study abroad
Opis:
This paper presents qualitative research examining to what extent sojourns abroad engage their participants in intercultural interactions and whether or not such experience translates into students’ intercultural growth. The results of the study demonstrated that studying abroad did not provide students with ample opportunities to immerse into the local community and fully discover a new cultural environment. However, students surrounded by local and their fellow international students met foreign cultures, which motivated them to explore and interpret the encountered diversity, and thus equipped them with knowledge about foreign cultures, sensitizing them to cultural diversity. Sometimes such contacts challenged students’ preconceived judgments and stereotypes of specific cultural groups, their ways of thinking, valuing and acting, and resulted, to a lesser or greater extent, in rethinking these, leading to changing attitudes and values. International experiences also stimulated students to self-analyze their own cultural identity, and thereby contributed to their growth in self-awareness in this respect. By offering opportunities for experiencing cultural differences and prompting students to develop coping strategies and to make references to the home culture, the sojourn is thus of significant importance for tertiary students, allowing for fostering their intercultural development to a certain degree.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2019, 9, 4; 681-710
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of two-parameter fatigue charactersitics in fatigue persistence calculations of structural components under conditions of a broad spectrum of loads
Autorzy:
Szala, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
fatigue persistence
linear hypothesis of fatigue damage summation
fatigue tests
Opis:
The paper presents an original method of calculation of the fatigue persistence based on the adoption of the load spectrum in the form of a correlation table, two-parameter fatigue characteristics and the linear hypothesis of fatigue damage summation. The calculation results by the proposed method were compared with the results of fatigue tests programmed for node-seal construction. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the test results and calculations conclusions regarding the usefulness of the proposed method to evaluate the fatigue persistence of components have been reached.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 4; 138-145
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy badania niezawodności siłowni okrętowych
Problems of Ship Power Plant Reliability Research
Autorzy:
Matuszak, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/906527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
power plant components failures
failure probability distributions
hypothesis verification tests
Opis:
Przedstawiono wyniki analizy uszkodzeń systemów siłowni zarejestrowanych na 10 statkach w czasie przeciętnego rejsu trwającego około sześciu miesięcy. Do weryfikacji hipotezy, że pochodzą one z jednej populacji, albo inaczej, że można je traktować jako dziesięć realizacji tej samej próby losowej, zastosowano test sumy rang Kruskala-Wallisa. Test został przeprowadzony zarówno dla chwil kolejnych uszkodzeń, jak i dla czasów pomiędzy kolejnymi uszkodzeniami instalacji. Do weryfikacji hipotezy o zgodności rozkładu empirycznego dla analizowanych instalacji siłowni okrętowych z wybranymi czterema rozkładami: wykładniczym, Weibulla, logarytmo-normalnym oraz gamma posłużono się testem zgodności Kołmogorowa-Smirnowa.
The paper presents analysis results based on cases of power plant system damage from 10 ships, registered during a voyage lasting about six months on the average. For the verification of the hypothesis that they stem from one population, or to put it in a different way, that they can be treated as realisations of the same random trial, Kruskal-Wallis ranks sum test was applied. The test was carried out both for the moments of successive damage and for the time intervals for successive installation damage. For the verification of the hypothesis about the conformity of the empirical distribution with selected four distributions: exponential, Weibull's, log-normal and gamma distribution for the analysed power plant installations, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test was used.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2005, 7 (79); 91-102
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stock price volatility and fundamental value: evidence from Central and Eastern European countries
Autorzy:
Gajdka, Jerzy
Pietraszewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943131.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
present value model
fundamental value
efficient market hypothesis
CEE
countries
Opis:
The paper deals with the problem of the discrepancy between fundamental values of shares in the stock market and their market prices. In particular it discusses the problem of the excessive volatility of stock prices compared with changes in their fundamental value determined as the present value of dividends paid by the company. The results of research on this issue for the US market initiated and popularized by Robert Shiller provided strong arguments against the hypothesis of capital market efficiency stating that stock prices immediately account for any new information affecting the fundamental value of assets. This problem has been studied neither for the Polish stock market nor for other post-communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper presents preliminary results of research into these stock markets.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2017, 3(17), 4; 28-46
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Holistic Visions of Nature Enhance Ethical Relations between Man and Environment?
Autorzy:
Pietrzak, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
ethics
environment/nature
the Gaia Hypothesis
evolution
alchemy
threat
pollution
Opis:
The visions of the natural world built by man also shape our relationship with respect to the environment. In the present paper I would like to demonstrate how these holistic ideas, like the Gaia Hypothesis, affect ethical relations with nature. Do they enhance the need to treat nature in accordance with ethics, are they ethically neutral, or do they convince us that man has no ethical obligations to the environment whatsoever? “The Gaia Hypothesis” can be ambivalent in this respect, but in the end it leaves no doubt that, even though other species do what man does, Gaia (biosphere) has a limited tolerance for negative effects of human activity. And although we are not able to annihilate the life on the Earth, we are certainly capable of destroying the conditions necessary for our subsistence.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 2(112); 154-174
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hypothesis Testing to Confirm the Influence of Technological Parameters on Poor Quality Production
Testowanie hipotez dotyczących wpływu parametrów technologicznych na jakość produkcji
Autorzy:
Lakomá, R.
Čamek, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
quality
statistically conclusive influence
hypothesis testing
jakość
wnioskowanie statystyczne
testowanie hipotez
Opis:
This report addresses some chosen statistical methods that could be used to confirm and set up the required functions of technology in foundry companies where parts are cast by the low-wax casting method, whereas these chosen statistical methods are intended to reduce poor quality of produced parts. This research was made on a practical example. Utilization of hypothesis testing methods was examined in order to confirm technological parameters having some influence on the products quality. The data were compared before and after the implementation of changes aimed at reduction of poor quality produced parts in the wax department. The results confirmed that the implemented change had a statistically conclusive influence.
Artykuł przybliża niektóre wybrane metody statystyczne, które można wykorzystać w celu sprawdzenia ustawień wymaganych funkcji w technologii odlewania metodą wosku traconego, do zmniejszenia wad produkcji. Badania przeprowadzono na konkretnym przykładzie. Zbadano wykorzystanie metod testowania hipotez w celu sprawdzenia parametrów technologicznych wpływających na jakość odlewów. Porównano dane przed i po wprowadzeniu zmian w celu ograniczenia wad produkcji w dziale woskowni. Wyniki potwierdziły, że wprowadzona zmiana miała statystycznie udokumentowany wpływ.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 3; 1063-1067
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linguistic Relativity and Its Relation to Analytic Philosophy
Autorzy:
Batisti, Filippo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
Tematy:
linguistic relativity
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Philosophy of language psycholinguistics
extended mind
Opis:
The history of so-called ‘linguistic relativity’ is an odd and multifaceted one. After knowing alternate fortunes and being treated by different academic branches, today there are some new ways of investigating the language-thought-reality problem that (i) put into dialogue the latest trends in language-related disciplines (ii) generate room for philosophical themes previously overlooked, (iii) reassess the very idea of linguistic relativity, despite its popularized versions which have circulated for decades and which have led an otherwise fruitful debate to extremes. It is argued that a multidisciplinary approach is desirable in order to broaden future research. In the last few years the opportunity to study this matter following a common trend in several disciplines has been created. Language, and cognition too, are now conceived as intrinsically social phenomena. It is argued that relativistic effects should be investigated in social realms, and that analytic philosophy could help with this task.
Źródło:
Studia Semiotyczne; 2017, 31, 2; 201-226
0137-6608
Pojawia się w:
Studia Semiotyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The old and new RNA world
Autorzy:
Szweykowska-Kulinska, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
Earth
RNA world hypothesis
life
ribozyme
small RNA
long noncoding RNA
Opis:
Among the numerous hypotheses offering a scenario for the origin of life on Earth, the one called “The RNA World” has gained the most attention. According to this hypothesis RNA acted as a genetic information storage material, as a catalyst of all metabolic reactions, and as a regulator of all processes in the primordial world. Various experiments show that RNA molecules could have been synthesized abiotically, with the potential to mediate a whole repertoire of metabolic reactions. Ribozymes carrying out aminoacyl-tRNA reactions have been found in SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) approaches and the development of a ribosome from a RNA-built protoribosome is easy to imagine. Transfer RNA aminoacylation, protoribosome origin, and the availability of amino acids on early Earth allowed the genetic code to evolve. Encoded proteins most likely stabilized RNA molecules and were able to create channels across membranes. In the modern cell, DNA replaced RNA as the main depositor of genetic information and proteins carry out almost all metabolic reactions. However, RNA is still playing versatile, crucial roles in the cell. Apart from its classical functions in the cell, a huge small RNA world is controlling gene expression, chromatin condensation, response to environmental cues, and protecting the cell against the invasion of various nucleic acids forms. Long non-coding RNAs act as crucial gene expression regulators. Riboswitches act at the level of transcription, splicing or translation and mediate feedback regulation on biosynthesis and transport of the ligand they sense. Alternative splicing generates genetic variability and increases the protein repertoire in response to developmental or environmental changes. All these regulatory functions are essential in shaping cell plasticity in the changing milieu. Recent discoveries of new, unexpected and important functions of RNA molecules support the hypothesis that we live in a New RNA World.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2014, 83, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efektywność finansów samorządu terytorialnego
The Effectiveness of Local Government Finance
Autorzy:
Guziejewska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-06-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
decentralization
local government finance
effectiveness
the Tiebout hypothesis
the Wicksell model
Opis:
Increasing the effectiveness of public finance in decentralized systems is a major challenge to both economic theory and practice. In broad terms, economic effectiveness means the relationship between the value of outlays incurred and the effects obtained thanks to these outlays. In the public finance sector, such calculations are difficult because the effects of operations in this sector are often impossible to measure. Studies of the effectiveness of local government finance in Poland tend to focus on a number of selected aspects, yet they rarely deal with the issue of effectiveness in the context of competition and payment for public services, the author says. Guziejewska describes the basic assumptions of two theoretical models known from research reports published abroad: a model developed by American economist Charles Tiebout and a theory proposed by Swedish economist Knut Wicksell. Both these theories deal with competition between local communities and the problem of preferential treatment with regard to public goods and payment for these goods. Even though these theoretical models have their limitations, both Tiebout and Wicksell point to the need to decentralize local finances, Guziejewska says. She presents different scenarios for income shocks in local government budgets, in both the centralized and decentralized systems. The theories described by the author are the basis for formulating certain recommendations related to the rationalization of local government finance, including more direct use of tax breaks for local taxpayers, the equivalence of burdens imposed on public institutions, and the need to counteract “fiscal illusions.”
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 224, 5-6; 71-89
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crowdsourcing the mainstream. An analysis of the most frequently posted links on Facebook
Autorzy:
Walczak, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
social networking sites
cultural hegemony
social compensation hypothesis
mainstream
media
Facebook
Opis:
Th e article aims at investigating whether link-posting of Facebook users results in reproducing the hegemony of corporate-led mainstream cultural productions. A detailed analysis of 103 links shared 16,735 times by 6,344 Facebook users is presented. Th e following research fi nds that although a vast majority of the most oft en posted links points to corporate content, especially music videos, the proliferative power of Facebook enables some user-generated content to become enormously popular. Th is user-generated content represents mainly the ideas contrary to the ones dominating mainstream media. Links of this kind are more likely to be shared by older users. Th e reproduction of the corporate mainstream on Facebook is primarily due to female users, younger ones, users who inhabit larger cities, who have fewer friends, and are less culturally competent. Further analysis suggests that posting links to mainstream content may serve as a strategy of social compensation.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2014, 7, 1(12); 82-96
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Choosing the exchange rate regime–a case for intermediate regimes for emerging and developing economies
Autorzy:
Jurek, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
bipolar view
exchange rate regimes
monetary policy
vanishing interim
regime hypothesis
Opis:
The main objective of the paper is to verify the vanishing interim regime hypothesis (so-called bipolar view) and to analyse factors that may influence the probability of use of intermediate exchange rate regimes, especially in emerging and developing economies. In order to accomplish the research objectives the evolution of exchange rate regimes is presented with the special consideration of decisions of IMF member states in this respect. Next a logistic regression model that estimates the probability of use of an intermediate regime is applied. The results achieved allow a challenge to the vanishing interim regime hypothesis. Empirical observations support this hypothesis only in advanced countries and not in their emerging and developing peers.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2018, 4(18), 4; 46-63
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiana poziomu efektywności amerykańskiego rynku akcji – od kryzysu finansowego 2007-2009 do pandemii COVID-19
Change in the efficiency level of the US stock market – from the 2007-2009 financial crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic
Autorzy:
Kołatka, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124722.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
hipoteza rynku efektywnego
hipoteza rynku adaptacyjnego
kryzys finansowy 2007- 2009
pandemia COVID-19
efficient-market hypothesis
adaptive market hypothesis
financial crisis 2007-2009
COVID-19 pandemic
Opis:
Cel – Weryfikacja zmiany poziomu efektywności amerykańskiego rynku akcji od momentu wystąpienia kryzysu finansowego 2007-2009 do okresu pandemii COVID-19. Metoda badań – Zastosowano test BDS (występowanie zależności nieliniowych między dziennymi logarytmicznymi stopami zwrotu) oraz test autokorelacji Quenouille’a do piątego rzędu włącznie (występowanie zależności liniowych między dziennymi logarytmicznymi stopami zwrotu) dla indeksów S&P500 oraz DJIA. Wnioski – Wystąpienie zjawisk nietypowych wpływa na zmianę poziomu efektywności amerykańskiego rynku akcji. Zaobserwowano wzrost nieefektywności zarówno w czasie kryzysu finansowego 2007-2009, jak i obecnie podczas pandemii COVID-19. Zależności na wyższym poziomie między stopami zwrotu stwierdzono podczas pandemii COVID-19. Oryginalność / wartość / implikacje / rekomendacje – Porównano wpływ dwóch ostatnich wydarzeń globalnych na poziom efektywności amerykańskiego rynku akcji. Dodatkowo w artykule wskazano, na którym z dwóch kluczowych indeksów giełdowych z USA częściej pojawiały się okazje inwestycyjne.
Purpose – Verification of the change in the efficiency of the US stock market from the 2007-2009 financial crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research method – The BDS test (occurrence of non-linear relationships between daily logarithmic rates of return) and the Quenouille autocorrelation test up to the fifth order (occurrence of linear relationships between daily logarithmic rates of return) for the S&P500 and DJIA indices were used. Results – The occurrence of unusual phenomena changes the level of US stock market effectiveness. An increase in inefficiency was observed both during the 2007-2009 financial crisis and now, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher-level relationships between rates of return were found during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – A comparison of the impact of two recent global events on the level of efficiency of the US stock market. Additionally, the article indicates which of the two key US stock indices provided more frequent investment opportunities.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2021, 3(105); 33-47
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności a rozwój społeczno‑gospodarczy w krajach Unii Europejskiej – badanie zróżnicowania wyników w zależności od użytych metod pomiaru rozwoju
Inequalities and socio-economic development in EU countries – differences in results caused by using different measures of development
Autorzy:
Witoń, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/595899.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
alternative measures of development, EU member countries, income inequalities, Kuznets' hypothesis
Opis:
There has been stable, though not uninterrupted socio-economic development in the European Union in recent years. However, this process was not accompanied by a corresponding decrease in income inequalities in half of the countries. The main goal of the article was to present and compare the level of inequalities and socio-economic development in member countries. The research also aimed to analyze the relationship between these two phenomena using various measures of development (GDP per capita, Human Development Index, Happy Planet Index) and inequalities (GINI, the share of income held by top 20%, the share of income held by top and bottom 20% ratio). The correlation analysis shows a weak, negative relationship between the phenomena, which is in line with the Kuznets' hypothesis. However, the fixed-effects models show that the HPI does not explain the variance of inequalities in the EU. GDP per capita and HDI provide similar, fairly good fit of the models. Considering these results, the alternative measure (HDI) has no advantage over the traditional measure (GDP per capita) when analyzing the relationship with income inequalities.
W ostatnich latach pośród krajów Unii Europejskiej można zaobserwować stabilny, choć nie nieprzerwany rozwój społeczno‑gospodarczy, jednak tylko w połowie krajów UE towarzyszył mu spadek nierówności dochodowych. Celem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie poziomu nierówności społecznych i rozwoju społeczno‑gospodarczego w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej, a także próba określenia zależności pomiędzy analizowanymi zjawiskami, z wykorzystaniem różnych metod pomiaru poziomu rozwoju społeczno‑gospodarczego (PKB per capita, Human Development Index, Happy Planet Index) oraz różnych metod pomiaru nierówności dochodowych (GINI, udział dochodów w rękach 20% najbogatszych, stosunek udziału dochodów 20% najbogatszych do udziału dochodów 20% najuboższych). Analiza korelacji między różnymi kombinacjami wyżej wymienionych mierników pokazuje słabą, odwrotną zależność, co jest zgodne (co do kierunku, jeśli nie siły) z hipotezą Kuznetsa. Skonstruowane modele efektów stałych pokazują jednak, że HPI nie jest w stanie tłumaczyć zmienności poziomu nierówności w krajach UE, podczas gdy wykorzystując PKB per capita i HDI, uzyskuje się podobny, dobry poziom dopasowania modelu. Miernik alternatywny (HDI) nie ma więc przewagi nad miernikiem tradycyjnym (PKB per capita).
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 106; 337-353
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Whats age got to do with it? Accounting for individual factors in second language accent
Autorzy:
Moyer, Alene
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
critical period hypothesis
individual differences
second language acquisition
phonology acquisition
motivation
Opis:
Empirical research conducted over the past few decades suggests that the age at which an individual is first exposed to a second language affects long-term outcomes, in particular for phonology. The question that has occupied scholars of various bents is what, exactly, underlies the robust age effects observed. Does age imply immutable changes in one’s ability to ever sound native-like? Are these changes neurological, cognitive, or socio-psychological in nature? What role do L2 use and contact play? Do age-related influences apply to all individuals, or can language learners actually chart their own course when it comes to accent? This paper will outline basic assumptions of the critical period for phonology while suggesting a different approach to the age question that highlights the individual’s role in both process and outcome. Constructs such as L2 experience, motivation, self-concept, learning approach, and willingness to communicate are discussed in depth in order to show the fundamental connection between cognition and affect so critical for late phonological learning. A re-orientation of the age research is suggested as a result, to prioritize contextual understandings of language use and learner agency.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2014, 4, 3; 443-464
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plastic microstress for a defect energy dependent on Burgers tensor
Autorzy:
Borokinni, Adebowale S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
Burgers tensor
codirectionality hypothesis
strain-gradient plasticity
isotropic body
polycrystalline solid
Opis:
This work presents an extended form of the Aifantis strain-gradient plasticity theory through dependence of the plastic free energy on the Burgers tensor. The constraints of codirectionality for the deviatoric stress and irrotationality of the plastic distortion are assumed. These provide the basis for expressing the work done by the microstress conjugate to the Burgers tensor as the sum of the work done by the microscopic hyperstress vector and scalar. The principle of virtual power is used to establish the microforce balance, which provides the relationship between the resolved shears, plastic microstress and the microscopic hyperstresses. The microforce balance, when augmented with relevant constitutive relations that are consistent with the free-energy imbalance, results in a non-local flow rule depicted as a nonlinear second order partial differential equation in terms of the accumulated plastic strain with concomitant boundary conditions. It is shown in this work that the plastic microstress is purely dissipative and cannot account for backstress whenever the defect energy is dependent on the Burgers tensor.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2019, 57, 2; 343-351
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The nexus between Prices and Macroeconomic Variables in Iran
Autorzy:
Mehrara, Mohsen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Granger Causality and Efficient Market Hypothesis
Macroeconomic variables
Stock Price Index
Opis:
This paper examines the causal relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic aggregates in Iran, by applying the techniques of the long–run Granger non–causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). We test the causal relationships between the TEPIX Index and the three macroeconomic variables: money supply, value of trade balance, and industrial production using quarterly data for the period 1993:1 to 2010:4. The results show unidirectional long run causality from macroeconomic variables to stock market. Accordingly, the stock prices are not a leading indicator for economic variables, which is inconsistent with the previous findings that the stock market rationally signals changes in real activities. Contrarily, the macro variables seem to lead stock prices. So, Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) is not informationally efficient.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2014, 6; 1-9
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Convexity ranks in higher dimensions
Autorzy:
Kojman, Menachem
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1205064.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
convexity
convexity number
Polish vector space
continuum hypothesis
Cantor-Bendixson degree
Opis:
A subset of a vector space is called countably convex if it is a countable union of convex sets. Classification of countably convex subsets of topological vector spaces is addressed in this paper. An ordinal-valued rank function ϱ is introduced to measure the complexity of local nonconvexity points in subsets of topological vector spaces. Then ϱ is used to give a necessary and sufficient condition for countable convexity of closed sets. Theorem. Suppose that S is a closed subset of a Polish linear space. Then S is countably convex if and only if there exists $α < ω_1$ so that ϱ(x) < α for all x ∈ S. Classification of countably convex closed subsets of Polish linear spaces follows then easily. A similar classification (by a different rank function) was previously known for closed subset of $ℝ^2$ [3]. As an application of ϱ to Banach space geometry, it is proved that for every $α < ω_1$, the unit sphere of C(ωα) with the sup-norm has rank α. Furthermore, a countable compact metric space K is determined by the rank of the unit sphere of C(K) with the natural sup-norm: Theorem. If $K_1,K_1$ are countable compact metric spaces and $S_i$ is the unit sphere in $C(K_i)$ with the sup-norm, i = 1,2, then $ϱ(S_1) = ϱ(S_2)$ if and only if $K_1$ and $K_2$ are homeomorphic. Uncountably convex closed sets are also studied in dimension n > 2 and are seen to be drastically more complicated than uncountably convex closed subsets of $ℝ^2$
Źródło:
Fundamenta Mathematicae; 2000, 164, 2; 143-163
0016-2736
Pojawia się w:
Fundamenta Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ teorii makroekonomicznych na etyczną jakość praktyki finansowej
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, Jakub Bożydar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
animal spirits
causal realism
efficient market hypothesis
financial ethics
institutional entrepreneurship
Opis:
The aim of the present paper is to investigate the logical relationship between the prevalence of specific macroeconomic theories and the ethical quality of practices that take place in the financial markets. The main thesis presented herein is that viewing the financial markets through an appropriate economic framework is a crucial prerequisite of maintaining their ethical foundations and harnessing their ethical potential. Three competing macroeconomic visions – the “animal spirits” theory, the efficient market hypothesis, and the causal-realist market process approach – are assessed with respect to their logically deducible effects on the ethical thinking of financial operators. The main conclusion of the paper is that the causal-realist approach provides the most satisfactory account of the inherent conceptual nature of financial markets, thereby furnishing the best guidance for the development of appropriate professional virtues by their key members.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2019, 22, 4; 7-20
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Static strength analysis of plate structures using finite element method
Autorzy:
Zachwieja, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
theory of plates
stresses in plates
stress concentration
Huber-Mises energy hypothesis
Opis:
The paper presents the issues regarding modelling and strength calculations for the plate structures including thinwalled tanks and water tubes in steam boilers or heat exchangers subject to thermal stresses. In this case, the subject of the analysis is not the stress-strain state due to the pressure in the structure cross-section but the conditions at the interface between plate and lifting lugs used for handling tanks decommissioned due to technical and economic factors or replaced with the new ones.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2015, 10, 1; 155-160
1231-3998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prosty test słabej hipotezy rynku efektywnego w warunkach GPW w Warszawie
Simple Test Weak-Form Efficient Market Hypothesis on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Autorzy:
Sekuła, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
efficient market hypothesis
Warsaw Stock Exchange
hipoteza rynku efektywnego
GPW w Warszawie
Opis:
This paper aims to determine whether the Polish capital market is efficient at low level. The test results suggest the presence of autocorrelation of daily returns on WIG index. However, observations showed weakening of the autocorrelation with the development of the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2013, 287
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Higher Principle? An Attempt to Develop a Near Universal Approach to Explaining Voter Turnout through Micro-Macro Interactions
Autorzy:
Nový, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810818.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
voter turnout
cross-level interaction
multilevel modelling
political equality hypothesis
higher principle
Opis:
Over the past decade, several authors have tried to explain why people participate in elections by examining both direct and contingent effects of diverse sets of factors. While the direct effects follow a simple logic that some independent variable directly affects turnout, contingent effects work on the assumption that the influence of one explanatory variable differs across varying levels of another explanatory variable. In the previous research, the existence of latter effects has been justified on the basis of more or less convincing stories. An attempt is made here to provide a more general framework, stemming from the question, “At what moment do representative democracies achieve political equality?” From this starting point, the article introduces a near universal approach for understanding contingent effects in voter turnout theory and for developing various hypotheses that may be tested using multilevel models that include cross-level interaction.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2016, 193, 1; 87-100
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trajektorie krytycznego naprężenia ścinania według hipotezy wytężenia Coulomba-Mohra
Critical shear stress trajectories for Coulomb-Mohr strength criterion
Autorzy:
Szwed, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/250060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
hipoteza Coulomba-Mohra
wytężenie
projektowanie
konstrukcja
Mohr-Coulomb hypothesis
strenuously
projects
construction
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono sformułowanie zagadnienia wyznaczenia trajektorii krytycznego naprężenia ścinania zgodnego z klasyczną hipotezą Coulomba-Mohra (CM) w odniesieniu do zagadnień płaskich. W zależności od wartości kąta tarcia wewnętrznego otrzymano sformułowanie dla granicznych przypadków hipotezy Treski oraz Galileusza-Rankine’a. Zagadnienie wyznaczania trajektorii sprowadza się do całkowania równań różniczkowych zwyczajnych definiujących rodziny trajektorii. Badane kierunki krytycznego ścinania zgodne z zastępczym naprężeniem ścinania według hipotezy CM są obrócone względem kierunków naprężeń głównych jak również kierunków maksymalnego ścinania. Uzyskane trajektorie przydatne są w jakościowym oszacowaniu kierunków początkowego ścinana albo pękania w materiałach i w projektowaniu elementów konstrukcji.
Paper discusses formulation of differential equations for trajectories of critical shear stress according the Coulomb-Mohr strength criterion. Selected examples of boundary valued problems in plane stress and strain are presented to illustrate application of the derived equations for trajectories.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2016, 12; 251-254
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Review of Lecture Notes "Applied Mathematical Statistics. Elements" by Ryszard Zieliński
Autorzy:
Wilczyński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
hypothesis testing, estimator, confidence interval
testy statystyczne, hipoteza alternatywna, estymacja, przedział ufności
Opis:
Recenzowany skrypt dotyczy spraw które w podręcznikach rzadko są poruszane, takich jak zasadnicza rola hipotezy alternatywnej w problemie testowania hipotez czy też kwestia oceny dokładności estymatorów punktowych za pomocą przedziałów ufności. Choć można się spierać o to czy te zagadnienia nie są omawiane w innych podręcznikach, z całą pewnością należy się zgodzić z autorem w innej kwestii. Tym co odróżnia recenzowany skrypt od wielu innych podręczników, jest sposób przedstawiania najważniejszych idei statystyki matematycznej. Nie chcąc komplikować wykładu, bardziej złożonymi modelami, autor opisał te idee na przykładzie bardzo prostego modelu statystycznego.
The lecture notes under review concerns matters which in these kind of books are rarely discussed, such as the central role of alternative hypothesis in the problem of hypothesis testing or the issue of assessing the accuracy of point estimates using confidence interval. While one can argue about whether these issues are not discussed in other books, it certainly must agree with the author in a different matter. What distinguishes the script-reviewed many other books, is a way of presenting the main ideas of mathematical statistics. Not wanting to complicate the lecture by more complex models, author described these ideas as an example a very simple statistical model.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 2012, 40, 2
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bayesian and generalized confidence intervals on variance ratio and on the variance component in mixed linear models
Autorzy:
Michalski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
mixed linear models
variance components
hypothesis testing
confidence intervals
generalized p-values
Opis:
The paper deals with construction of exact confidence intervals for the variance component σ₁² and ratio θ of variance components σ₁² and σ² in mixed linear models for the family of normal distributions $_t(0, σ₁²W + σ²I_t)$. This problem essentially depends on algebraic structure of the covariance matrix W (see Gnot and Michalski, 1994, Michalski and Zmyślony, 1996). In the paper we give two classes of bayesian interval estimators depending on a prior distribution on (σ₁², σ²) for:
1) the variance components ratio θ - built by using test statistics obtained from the decomposition of a quadratic form y'Ay for the Bayes locally best estimator of σ₁², Michalski and Zmyślony (1996),
2) the variance component σ₁² - constructed using Bayes point estimators from BIQUE class (Best Invariant Quadratic Unbiased Estimators, see Gnot and Kleffe, 1983, and Michalski, 2003).
In the paper an idea of construction of confidence intervals using generalized p-values is also presented (Tsui and Weerahandi, 1989, Zhou and Mathew, 1994). Theoretical results for Bayes interval estimators and for some generalized confidence intervals by simulations studies for some experimental layouts are illustrated and compared (cf Arendacká, 2005).
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2009, 29, 1; 5-29
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Burzyński’s criterion in the analysis of heat resistant steel
Kryterium Burzyńskiego w analizie stali żarowytrzymałych
Autorzy:
Dudda, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
Burzyński's hypothesis
equivalent stress
turbine vane
hipoteza Burzyńskiego
naprężenie ekwiwalentne
łopatka turbiny
Opis:
A revalorised Burzyński’s hypothesis was suggested for determination of effort of construction elements in thermally variable load conditions. Using the suggested hypothesis, surfaces of the beginning of plasticity for the heat resistant St12T steel were determined. Two numerical simulations of thermo-mechanical loads of the turbine vane made of St12T steel were performed. The result of analyses was determination of the effort states of a vane acc. to Huber-Mises-Hencky’s hypotheis and according to the suggested revalorised Burzyński’s hypothesis.
W pracy zaproponowano zrewaloryzowaną hipotezę Burzyńskiego do określania wytężenia elementów konstrukcji w termicznie zmiennych warunkach obciążenia. Wykorzystując proponowaną hipotezę wyznaczono powierzchnie początku plastyczności dla żarowytrzymałej stali St12T. Przeprowadzono dwie symulacje numeryczne termo-mechanicznych obciążeń łopatki turbiny wykonanej ze stali St12T. Efektem wykonanych analiz było określenie stanów wytężenia łopatki wg hipotezy Hubera-Misesa-Hencky’ego oraz wg proponowanej zrewaloryzowanej hipotezy Burzyńskiego.
Źródło:
Agricultural Engineering; 2020, 24, 3; 11-20
2083-1587
Pojawia się w:
Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE ANALYSIS OF AN INVESTMENT RISK WITHIN EMERGING CAPITAL MARKETS. THE CASE OF THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE
Autorzy:
Kowerski, Mieczyslaw
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS
FAMA-FRENCH THREE-FACTOR MODEL
GENERALIZED LEAST SQUARES METHOD
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to show that the three-factor Fama-French model can be a good instrument for analysis of investment risk on emerging capital markets if, because of the relatively small number of quoted companies, for calculation of the SMB and HML values we applied division of all companies into four portfolios (contrary to Fama – French who propose division of all companies into six portfolios). The usefulness of the above concept was verified on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The models estimated with the Generalized Least Squares Method on monthly data within the period 1994 – 2008 have the signs of coefficients which are consistent with those of the Fama-French three-factor model and there is no autocorrelation of disturbances and no ARCH effect. Models are relatively high adjusted. Estimated coefficients are also robust. The models fully confirm the thesis posed by Fama and French that in addition to market risk there are two other risk factors which influence the return on investment. These are: risk associated with investing in small companies and risk connected with investing in companies undervalued by the market.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2010, 6, 4; 1-23
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The main areas of methodological reflection in the supply chains research
Najważniejsze obszary refleksji metodologicznej w badaniach nad łańcuchami dostaw
Autorzy:
Ciesielski, Marek
Konecka, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/361845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki
Tematy:
methodology
theory
reasoning
cognitive scheme
hypothesis
supply chains
metodologia
teoria
łańcuchy dostaw
Opis:
Background: The most important contemporary methodological problems in the study of supply chains include creating and verifying hypotheses and theories as well as selecting appropriate research schemes. An acceptance of the different ways to explain problems (induction, deduction or abduction) is key. It should be remembered that interesting and useful results can be achieved only with well-formulated questions and research problems. All of these issues relate to the need to strengthen methodological rigor within the research into supply chains. Methods: The primary method employed in this article is critical analysis. This article focuses on the most important issues related to the construction of a theory and its verification, as well as the issue of the pattern of research and the cognitive scheme. In addition, the issue of the correctness of definitions has been developed, as these are often wrongly formulated and do not fulfil their role. Results: The main purpose of this article is to indicate that supply chain research requires a change in the general model of scientific practice, assigning a higher rank to replication research and increasing the role of scientific criticism. Potential drivers of supply chain research are all types of reasoning: deduction (reasoning, checking), reduction and its special case induction (translation, command), and the systematization of knowledge. The knowledge gained from this research is so extensive and varied that its further development is possible through refutation, i.e. thesis making, defence and falsification. The aim of this article is also the systematization and analysis of theories and methodological assumptions in the area of supply chain management. Conclusions: The analysis points to a need to structure the definitions of supply. What needs to be established is a set of basic theories useful in the study of supply chains and the assessment of the assertions formulated with regards to hypotheses. The improvement of methodological assumptions, as well as the search for methodological elements useful in this study, need to be continuously ensured. The scope of the theories used in the research should be broadened, but at the same time, new theories should be examined which also pertain to their usefulness in explaining and creating the concept and practical recommendations. It is suggested that research on supply chains needs to be approached in a slightly broader way than has been done so far in the literature. The methodology is recognized as a system of analysis in a particular area of study or activity. Therefore, the majority of publications retrieved according to this key word refer only to examples of the use of particular methods, tools for researching supply chains, or only some aspects of its functioning. However, methodology can also be understood as a philosophy of science. This approach to supply chain research methodology is an important research gap and a new view on supply chain management.
Wstęp: Do najważniejszych, współczesnych problemów metodologicznych w badaniach łańcuchów dostaw należą: tworzenie i sprawdzanie twierdzeń oraz teorii i wybór schematów badania. Kwestią krytyczną jest też akceptacja sposobów wyjaśniania (indukcja, dedukcja lub abdukcja). Trzeba przy tym pamiętać, iż wartościowe rezultaty można uzyskać tylko przy dobrze sformułowanych pytaniach i problemach badawczych. Wszystkie wymienione kwestie wiążą się z potrzebą wzmocnienia rygoryzmu metodologicznego w badaniach związanych z łańcuchami dostaw. Metody: W artykule podstawową metodą jest analiza krytyczna. Wyniki: Dokonano systematyzacji i analizy teorii i założeń metodologicznych w obszarze zarządzania łańcuchami dostaw. Wnioski: Analiza dowodzi, że wpierw należy zlikwidować bałagan w definiowaniu łańcuchów dostaw. Można odwołać się do teorii grafów i używać prostej definicji: zbiór przedsiębiorstw i relacji między nimi, w którym firmy są dla siebie dostawcami i odbiorcami. Trzeba także rozwijać zbiór podstawowych teorii przydatnych w badaniach łańcuchów dostaw i ocenić poziom asercji formułowanych hipotez. Należy stale dbać o ulepszanie założeń metodologicznych i szukać elementów metodologii przydatnych dla omawianych badań. Warto zwiększać zakres teorii wykorzystywanych w badaniach. Ale jednocześnie należy ustalić pochodzenie wykorzystywanych i nowych teorii i ich przydatność w procesie wyjaśniania i tworzenia koncepcji oraz rekomendacji dla praktyki.
Źródło:
LogForum; 2019, 15, 3; 351-361
1734-459X
Pojawia się w:
LogForum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foucault Reads Freud: The Dialogue with Unreason and Enlightenment
Autorzy:
Wróbel, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-10-06
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
dialogue
enlightenment
freedom
justice
pleasure principle
reading
repressive hypothesis
sexuality
unreason
psychoanalysis
Opis:
The title of the essay refers to the famous statement in Foucaults introduction to his History of Madness where he writes that “we have to do justice to Freud“. The problem, however, is that Foucault’s philosophy does not seem to do justice to Freud. Foucault’s use of Freud is ambiguous: sometimes he uses him for purely instrumental purposes (when reconstructing the history of madness and sexuality), but sometimes-for anthropological purposes signaling Freud’s role in redefining our common humanity and particularly our relation to language, life and work. The author confronts Foucault’s ambiguous reading of Freud with the equally ambiguous reading of Foucault by Derrida. Derrida discusses Foucault twice. Once in the essay Cogito and The History of Madness in which Derrida takes on Foucault’s understanding of Descartes and his role in the exclusion of madness from the realm of reason. The second time-in his essay To Do Justice to Freud. Here Derrida disagrees with Foucault whether Freud managed to reestablish the body’s communication with reason which Descartes destroyed.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2010, 171, 3; 271-288
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępstwa seksualne osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w świetle hipotezy pozornej dewiacji
Sexual offenses committed by people with intellectual disabilities in the light of the counterfeit deviance hypothesis
Autorzy:
Pospiszyl, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1932464.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-16
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
hipoteza pozornej dewiacji
terapia przestępców seksualnych
counterfeit deviance hypothesis
sex offender therapy
Opis:
Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej części przedstawiono negatywny, a w każdym razie ambiwalentny stosunek do aktywności seksualnej osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną przejawiany zarówno przez większość społeczeństwa, jak i tradycyjnych psychologów. Wychodząc z tego założenia, starano się ukazać ważność i pionierskość hipotezy pozornej dewiacji u osób z niepełnosprawnością popełniających przestępstwa seksualne. Hipoteza ta ukazuje zjawisko przestępczości seksualnej tego typu osób w całkowicie nowej, bardziej wnikliwej postaci, uwzględniającej specyfikę percepcji otaczającego świata oraz norm moralnych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono ukazaniu, w jakim stopniu counterfeit deviance hypothesis może wpływać na zwiększenie efektywności oddziaływań terapeutycznych na osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną popełniające przestępstwa seksualne.
The article consists of two parts. The first presents a negative, or at least ambivalent attitude to sexual activity of people with intellectual disabilities manifested by most people, including traditional psychologists. Based on the above assumption, the author tried to show the validity and pioneering nature of the hypothesis of counterfeit deviance in people with disabilities committing sexual offenses. This hypothesis shows the phenomenon of sexual crime among people with intellectual disabilities in a completely new, more insightful form, taking into account the specificity of their perception of the surrounding world and their moral norms. Most attention was devoted to showing to what extent the counterfeit deviance hypothesis can increase the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for sex offenders with intellectual disabilities.
Źródło:
Szkoła Specjalna; 2021, LXXXII(1); 5-16
0137-818X
Pojawia się w:
Szkoła Specjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hipoteza Riemanna. Refleksje na temat największej zagadki matematyki
Riemann Hypothesis: Reflections on the Greatest Mystery of Mathematics
Autorzy:
Maślanka, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013924.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
teoria liczb
liczby pierwsze
hipoteza Riemanna
number theory
prime numbers
Riemann hypothesis
Opis:
The article presents a few aspects of the most important of the unsolved problems of mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis, in the context of the most recent results. The so-called Lehmer’s phenomenon discovered half a century ago and recently studied very intensively, as well as Newman’s hypothesis concerning the de Bruijn-Newman’s constant that is connected with it, seem to suggest that unexpectedly controversial elements sneak into mathematics, and they can be seen even on the level of the language used in it. This probably results from the fact that even the best tools that mathematicians at the moment have at their disposal and by means of which they try in vain to verify the Riemann hypothesis are – for fundamental reasons – inadequate.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2005, 53, 1; 167-182
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negative Emotions: Conflict and Cross-linguistic Contrasts in Online Commenting Discourse
Autorzy:
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076264.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Compensation Hypothesis
Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)
conflict
Interconnectivity Index (Value)
(negative) emotions
Opis:
The paper focuses on the dynamics of online exchanges in English and Polish posts related to the Greek political and economic crisis in 2015 and European Union membership. It introduces and defines the concepts of emotion and conflict, and discusses quantitative and qualitative methods and tools used to analyse corpus materials of Polish and English online communication, primarily in terms of the Interconnectivity Index and emotion valence as perceived by the users as well as the degree of their emotional arousal. The data reveal significant differences in the conflict dynamics profiles between the two groups of commentators, more interactional, and interactant face-saving discourse strategies in English, manifested by means of self-mockery and jocular style, significantly less frequent resort to verbal abuse and vulgar language on the one hand, and a more aggressive, confrontative and mutually hostile attitude, with instances of verbal abuse types recorded in the Polish data. An attempt to interpret the results in terms of cultural dimensions and characteristics concludes the paper.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2016, 1; 66-83
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja enkulturacji w perspektywie kognitywistycznej
Autorzy:
Stawski, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2188279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
Tematy:
situated cognition
enculturation
affordances
afordances competition hypothesis
cortical- -subcortical loops
cognitive niche
Opis:
Enculturation in cognitive studies perspective: Enculturation is an idea that emphasizes the significant influence of the cultural environment on cognitive processes. In the background of empirical research on the border of cultural anthropology and neuroscience, some scholars are trying to identify neural structures that may participate in the process of assimilating cultural information. In the paper, I shall argue that the concept of enculturation, as part of the situated cognition, can be enriched with the idea of affordances (in particular cultural and conventional affordances). In the first part, I present briefly the concept of enculturation as an approach that fits in the 4E. Then I characterize the concept of a cultural niche as a landscape of cultural affordances. In the second part, I consider a possible neurobiological mechanism of the discussed processes. Referring to the concept of Paul Cisk who has shown a possible neurobiological mechanism of the realization of motor affordances, it has been proposed that conventional affordances can be realized in a similar way. For this purpose, I shall discuss the concept of cortical-subcortical loops as a broader proposal compared to the concept of Cisk. According to it, motor, emotional and cognitive processes function in an integrated manner.
Źródło:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2022, 12, 1; 93-110
2083-6635
2084-1043
Pojawia się w:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On using the t-test for assessing association between Likert-scale variables
O wykorzystaniu testu t do badania wspólzależności zmiennych mierzonych na skali Likerta
Autorzy:
Gamrot, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587312.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Correlation
Hypothesis testing
Likert scale
Normality
Korelacja
Normalność
Skala Likerta
Weryfikacja hipotez
Opis:
Survey objectives often include assessment of associations among study variables. These variables are sometimes discrete. In particular they may be expressed using the well known Likert scale, where the respondents choose one of several mutually exclusive, predefined responses. In such a case some authors advocate the use of correlation tests dedicated to testing hypotheses about correlation between continuous variables for discrete ones. In this paper, statistical consequences of such an approach are investigated, and resulting problems are illustrated for the well-known t-test based on assumption of bivariate normality.
W badaniach statystycznych często wykorzystywane są pytania zamknięte, na które respondent odpowiada, wybierając jedną z kilku wzajemnie wykluczających się opcji odpowiedzi. Typowym przypadkiem jest wykorzystanie do wyrażenia wartości zmiennych skali Likerta. Równocześnie dość często cel badania stanowi wykrycie współzależności pomiędzy zmiennymi. W niniejszej pracy rozważono konsekwencje kontrowersyjnej praktyki rozpatrywanej w literaturze, polegającej na stosowaniu testu t-Studenta przeznaczonego dla rozkładów ciągłych do badania współzależności pomiędzy zmiennymi dyskretnymi.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2019, 390; 7-17
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TEST ZGODNOŚCI χ2 OPARTY NA PRÓBACH NIEPROSTYCH
χ2 GOODNESS OF FIT TEST IN NON-SIMPLE SAMPLING
Autorzy:
Domański, Czesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/452925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
estymacja
weryfikacja hipotez
centralne twierdzenie graniczne
estimation
hypothesis verification
central limit theorem
Opis:
Klasyczna teoria wnioskowania statystycznego dostarcza nam metod estymacji nieznanych parametrów rozkładu, szacowania postaci funkcji określającej ten rozkład oraz weryfikację hipotez na podstawie prób prostych, tzn. takich, w których obserwacje są stochastycznie niezależne i mają ten sam rozkład prawdopodobieństwa. Problemy związane z estymacją, w szczególności metody adaptacji centralnego twierdzenia granicznego dla prób nieprostych oraz weryfikację hipotez o zgodności rozkładów dla prób nieprostych za pomocą testu χ2 będą przedmiotem tego artykułu.
Classical theory of statistical inference provides methods of estimation of unknown population parameters, density estimation and statistical hypothesis testing, based on simple random sampling, that is sampling scheme, in which all individuals are stochastically independent and identically distributed. Problems with estimation, especially with adaptation of central limit theorem to non-simple sampling and verification of goodness of fit hypothesis with χ2 test will be subject of this article.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2016, 17, 3; 33-42
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic growth and disparities: an empirical analysis for the Central and Eastern European countries
Autorzy:
Kisiała, Wojciech
Suszyńska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446630.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
economic growth
regional inequalities
Williamson’s hypothesis
econometric modeling
Central and Eastern Europe
Opis:
Research background: The processes of economic convergence observed in many developing countries are characterized by reduction of economic differences on the cross-country level, which are accompanied by growing internal economic inequalities. This may stem from the fact that in the catching-up countries a more dynamic growth pattern is observed in the economically strongest regions, which is initially reflected in spatial polarization and increasing regional inequalities. However, just as the countries reach higher levels of development, the diffusion of growth-inducing impulses to less-developed areas should lead to the spatial equalizing of the development levels and reducing regional inequalities. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to determine the relationship be-tween the level of economic growth and observed economic inequalities in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The theoretical framework adopted to describe and explain those relations is the so-called Williamson's hypothesis in which the relationship between the scale of regional inequalities and economic growth is illustrated by a curve shaped like an inverted U. Methods: The research procedure was intended to verify William-son?s hypothesis by estimating parabolic econometric models. Indicators of economic growth along with measure of regional inequalities (Williamson's coefficient of variation) were used in the regression modeling. The research period spanned the years 1995-2014. Findings & Value added: In the light of the study of CEE countries, it was possible to observe both convergence symptoms as well as divergence tendencies. It can be thus stated that the analyzed CEE countries followed a similar path to the one observed earlier by Williamson in other developing countries. However, the analyses conducted by the authors at the national and regional levels of CEE countries were equivocal and did not fully support the theoretical assumptions of Williamson?s hypothesis.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2017, 12, 4; 613-631
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of half-normal model using informative priors under Bayesian structure
Autorzy:
Khawar Kiani, Sania
Aslam, Muhammad
Bhatti, M. Ishaq
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18105212.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-08
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
informative prior
squared root inverted gamma distribution (SRIG)
Bayesian hypothesis testing
loss functions
Opis:
This paper considers properties of half-normal distribution using informative priors under the Bayesian criterion. It employs the squared root inverted gamma, Chi-square and Rayleigh distributions as the prior distribution to construct the Posterior distributions of the respective distributional parameters. Hyperparameters are elicited via prior predictive distribution. The properties of posterior distribution are studied, and their graphs are presented using a real data set. A comprehensive simulation scheme is conducted using informative priors. Bayes estimates are obtained using the loss functions (squared error loss function, modified loss function, quadratic loss function and Degroot loss function). Statistical inferences interval estimates and Bayesian hypothesis testing are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the study.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 4; 19-36
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lis criterion for the Riemann hypothesis - numerical approach
Autorzy:
Maślanka, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
Riemann zeta function
Riemann hypothesis
Li's criterion
numerical methods in analytic number theory
Opis:
There has been some interest in a criterion for the Riemann hypothesis proved recently by Xian-Jin Li [9]. The present paper reports on a numerical computation of the first 3300 of Li's coefficients which appear in this criterion. The main empirical observation is that these coefficients can be separated in two parts. One of these grows smoothly while the other is very small and oscillatory. This apparent smallness is quite unexpected. If it persisted till infinity then the Riemann hypothesis would be true.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2004, 24, 1; 103-114
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simple solution of time travel problems
Autorzy:
Majka, M.
Hasan, Md. K.
Majka, T. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Tomasz Mariusz Majka
Tematy:
time travel
wormhole hypothesis
Minkowski light cone
event causality
grandfather paradox
philosophical perspective
Opis:
The most desired journey by human being is definitely travel through time. For centuries, people dream about time travel, to be able to go back and fix mistakes of the past. But there are many complications associated with time travel - starting from technological aspects ending with the philosophical paradoxes. Yet, is time travel possible from the technological and philosophical perspectives? How to solve the paradoxes of time travel? It should be noted that realisation of time travel leads not only to the discovery of the nature of time, but also to the understanding how much is unknown about it. In this paper, probability of time travel and solutions to paradoxes will be critically analysed from philosophical perspectives.
Źródło:
Journal of Education and Technical Sciences; 2015, 2, 1; 34-37
2300-7419
2392-036X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education and Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing the weak-form efficiency of agriculture’s capital markets
Autorzy:
Ghmire, Binam
Annussek, Kolja
Harvey, Jackie
Sharma, Satish
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
agriculture, efficient market hypothesis [EMH], autocorrelation, runs test, unit root test, random walk.
Opis:
This paper investigates the empirical validity of the weak-form Efficient Market Hypothesis [EMH] in global equity markets for agriculture. We examine whether developed agriculture markets are more efficient than emerging agriculture markets. We test six agriculture and food chain indices over the period of time between 2010 and 2013. The weak EMH was tested using the parametric Augmented Dickey-Fuller test as well as the non-parametric Runs test and Autocorrelation function test. The parametric test suggested some evidence for the existence of the weak-form EMH for all six indices in at least some of the five tested periods. However the non-parametric tests clearly proved the inefficiency of all indexes during all periods. Thus we finally rejected the null hypothesis for all indices in all periods. Accordingly agriculture’s developed markets are equally inefficient and predictable as its emerging markets. The results of this work suggest that investors can achieve superior returns by investing in agricultural equity markets following a technical analysis and active portfolio approach. Thus this work is in great interest of investors and portfolio managers following an agriculture strategy. The study adds value to current research of market efficiency in developed as well as emerging markets.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2016, 2(16), 2; 3-17
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Dark matter’ in the external sector of the United States
Autorzy:
Sobański, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557758.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
international finance
balance of payments
income account
international
investment position
‘dark matter’ hypothesis
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to examine the ‘dark matter’ assets in the external sector of the United States in the period 1999:Q1-2018:Q3. The paper investigates data on the balance of payments and international investment position for the US and a group of 18 economies. The research reveals that the US is a privileged economy with respect to foreign income on international investments. The rates of return on its foreign assets are relatively higher, and the costs incurred on its foreign liabilities relatively lower, as compared with the benchmark group. This special privilege of the US relates to equity investments, especially foreign direct investments. Based on prevailing income differentials substantial ‘dark matter’ assets of the US are estimated. Recognising such ‘dark matter’ leads to the conclusion that the US is a foreign creditor, not debtor. The findings shed light on the puzzle as to why the US has a continuing ability to sustain its external position despite mounting foreign liabilities. Keywords : international finance, balance of payments, income account, international investment position, ‘dark matter’ hypothesis.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2019, 5 (19), 2
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Równowaga sił konkurentów na rynku sportu profesjonalnego
Competitive Balance in Professional Sports
Autorzy:
Sznajder, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-10-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
professional sports market
competitive balance
sports club
sports league
uncertainty of outcome hypothesis
Opis:
The article deals with the problem of competitive balance on the professional sports market, one of the most important issues linked with the functioning of sports organizations. The competitive balance effect has a major influence on the performance of sports organizations in terms of both their sports results and finances. The term competitive balance means an equal level of sports clubs taking part in competitions in a specific type of sport. An important feature of sports clubs working as business enterprises is that their main product is a sports show, and that the result of this show-in other words the winner of a match-is difficult to predict. This uncertainty of outcome attracts audiences and makes people buy these sports products. The author sets out to show that competitive balance helps increase the revenue of individual sports clubs and leagues. This applies to revenue generated from both individual buyers (supporters) and institutions. As a result, clubs earn more money from the sale of tickets, club merchandising and advertisements, and they also increase their income from sponsors and the sale of broadcasting rights to the media. Sports leagues in which there is a lack of competitive balance between individual clubs are vulnerable to various kinds of threats, including indebtedness resulting from growing costs of buying new players. Weaker clubs may face the danger of bankruptcy, while stronger clubs may be tempted to withdraw from the league and compete elsewhere. This explains why organizations managing professional sports leagues usually make every effort to maintain competitive balance among sports clubs, Sznajder concludes.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 243, 10; 79-95
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Słabe łamanie ergodyczności vs. determinizm
Weak ergodicity breaking vs. determinism of physical processes
Autorzy:
Fuliński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
Boltzmann hypothesis
ergodic theory
deterministic chaos
Brownian motion
anomalous diffusion
single-particle trajectory
Opis:
All physical processes are deterministic de iure. Physicists speak about different types of determinism of physical processes, depending on the degree with which their course can be anticipated. Usually, the course of ergodic processes can be predicted with less certainty than the non-ergodic ones, the latter being integrable. Recent measurements of motions of single particles in composite systems, especially in living biological cells, show that such motions are, in most cases, breaking the Boltzmann’s ergodic hypothesis. On the other hand, their trajectories are random, i.e., one cannot know a priori where the particle will be even in near future. This leads to conclusion that many existing in nature processes are nonergodic but not integrable, therefore predictable only in the mean, representing still other type of determinism.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2015, 59; 83-100
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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