Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

Cognitive effects of attentional training depend on attentional control

Autorzy:

Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Kłosowska, Joanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430593.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

attentional bias
anxiety
attentional control
cognitive bias modification

Opis:

Attentional bias is assumed to be partly responsible for the onset and maintenance of anxiety by major cognitive theories of emotional disorders. Although much is already known about the therapeutic effects of attentional bias training, only a few studies have examined the mechanism responsible for these effects. In order to test if low-level, cognitive effects of attentional bias training depend on attentional control, 73 participants, who completed the STAI-x2 and the ACS questionnaires, were randomly assigned to a control (n = 37) or attentional training group (n = 36). The attentional manipulation was followed by a search task, during which novel neutral or negative faces could be presented within an array of all-neutral, all-negative or all-positive faces. It was found that individuals with higher ACS score displayed stronger attentional training effects, i.e., they were less accurate in detecting distinctive negative faces, and this effect was not found to be associated with STAI-x2 score. These results show that there is individual variability even in immediate, cognitive effects of attentional bias modifi cation and that special abilities, such as attentional control, might be required for attentional training to be effi cient.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 4; 272-277
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:

Memory bias training by means of the emotional short-term memory task

Autorzy:

Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Gronostaj, Aleksandra

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430368.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-03-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

memory bias
mood congruent memory
depression
cognitive bias modification

Opis:

According to major cognitive theories of emotional disorders cognitive biases are partly responsible for their onset and maintenance. The direct test of this assumption is possible only if experimental method capable of altering a given form of cognitive bias is available. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel implicit memory bias training procedure based on the emotional version of the classical Sternberg’s short-term memory task with negative, neutral and positive words. 108 participants, who completed the PANAS and the CES-D questionnaires, were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 33), the No-Negative group (n = 36), in which the target words in the Sternberg’s task were either positive or neutral but never negative or the Negative-New group (n = 39) in which the negative target words in the modified Sternberg’s task were always new. This training was followed by the recollection stage. Only one of the training protocols resulted in significant effects at the recall stage - individuals in the No-Negative group recalled more positive words and fewer negative words than those in the control group. These results show that it may be possible to experimentally induce memory bias characteristic of non-depressed individuals.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 1; 122-126
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:

Nonresponse Bias in The Survey of Youth Understanding of Science and Technology in Bogotá

Autorzy:

Castellanos, Edgar Mauricio Bueno

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466054.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Sampling design
nonresponse bias
calibration

Opis:

The Colombian Observatory of Science and Technology -OCyT- developed, in 2009, a survey about understanding of Science and Technology in students of high school in Bogotá, Colombia. The sampling design was stratified according to the nature of school (public or private). Two sources of unit nonresponse were detected. The first one corresponds to schools that did not allowed to collect information. The second source corresponds to students who did not assist during the days when survey was applied. Estimates were obtained through two different approaches. Results obtained in both cases do not show visible differences when estimating ratios; even though, some great differences were observed when estimating totals. Results obtained using the second approach are believed to be more reliable because of the methodology used to handle item nonresponse.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2012, 13, 1; 79-94
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:

Unawareness of Self-interest Bias in Moral Judgments of Others’ Behavior

Autorzy:

Bocian, Konrad
Wojciszke, Bogdan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951959.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-12-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

self-interest
moral judgment
egotistic bias

Opis:

Previous studies (Bocian & Wojciszke, 2014) showed that self-interest biases moral perception of others’ unethical actions. Moreover, affective changes in attitudinal responses towards the perpetrator of an immoral act drives the bias. In the present studies, we attempted to answer the question whether people are aware of the self-interest bias in their judgments of others’ behavior. We conducted two experiments showing that moral judgments of verbally described and imagined actions were dominated by norms rather than self-interest (Study 1) and that people were not aware that self-interest distorted their moral judgment (Study 2). The unawareness of the self-interest bias among the participants was attributable to omission of their own emotional responses when forecasting their moral judgments. We discuss the importance of emotions presence in studies on moral judgments as well as contribution of the present research to the intuitionist approach to moral judgment.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 4; 411-417
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:

Approximate bias for first-order autoregressive model with uniform innovations. Small sample case

Autorzy:

Nouali, Karima
Fellag, Hocine

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729836.pdf

Data publikacji:

2002

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii

Tematy:

autoregressive model
bias
outlier
uniform distribution

Opis:

The first-order autoregressive model with uniform innovations is considered. The approximate bias of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the parameter is obtained. Also, a formula for the approximate bias is given when a single outlier occurs at a specified time with a known amplitude. Simulation procedures confirm that our formulas are suitable. A small sample case is considered only.

Źródło:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2002, 22, 1-2; 15-26
1509-9423

Pojawia się w:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:

Two methods to mitigate insar-based dems vegetation impenetrability bias

Autorzy:

Tulski, Sławomir
Bęcek, Kazimierz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2029253.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie

Tematy:

SRTM
vegetation bias
impenetrability
ICESat
GTHM

Opis:

Digital elevation models (DEM), including the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), are used in many branches of geoscience as an ultimate dataset representing our planet’s surface, making it possible to investigate processes that are shaping our world. The SRTM model exhibits elevation bias or systematic error over forests and vegetated areas due to the microwaves’ peculiar properties that penetrate the vegetation layer to a certain depth. Numerous investigations identified that the penetration depth depends on the forest density and height. In this contribution, two methods are proposed to remove the impact of the vegetation impenetrability effect. The first method is founded on the multiple regression of two forest characteristics, namely forest height and forest density. The second method uses a lookup table approach. The lookup table and the multiple regression explanatory variables are taken from the freely available datasets, including the forest density data (MODIS_VCF) and global tree height map (GTHM). An important role in this research is played by the Ice, Clouds, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data. The accuracy tests indicate that the first method eliminates approximately 68% of the elevation bias, while the second method appears to be more effective, leading to almost complete removal of the vegetation bias from the SRTM data. The methods are fine-tuned to the local coniferous forests in Poland. Additional studies are required to finetune the methods for the leaf-off state of deciduous forests. However, a new set of parameters for both methods can be quickly developed for different locations and forest types. Both methods’ functionality and effectiveness can be improved once more accurate forest tree height and vegetation density data become available. These methods are universal in mitigating the vegetation bias from the Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) derived model and photogrammetric models.

Źródło:

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape; 2021, 2; 7-21
2300-1496

Pojawia się w:

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:

Towards explainable classifiers using the counterfactual approach : global explanations for discovering bias in data

Autorzy:

Mikołajczyk, Agnieszka
Grochowski, Michał
Kwasigroch, Arkadiusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031144.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych

Tematy:

explainable classifiers
counterfactual approach
bias detection

Opis:

The paper proposes summarized attribution-based post-hoc explanations for the detection and identification of bias in data. A global explanation is proposed, and a step-by-step framework on how to detect and test bias is introduced. Since removing unwanted bias is often a complicated and tremendous task, it is automatically inserted, instead. Then, the bias is evaluated with the proposed counterfactual approach. The obtained results are validated on a sample skin lesion dataset. Using the proposed method, a number of possible bias-causing artifacts are successfully identified and confirmed in dermoscopy images. In particular, it is confirmed that black frames have a strong influence on Convolutional Neural Network’s prediction: 22% of them changed the prediction from benign to malignant.

Źródło:

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2021, 11, 1; 51-67
2083-2567
2449-6499

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:

Hypothetical bias and framing effect in the valuation of private consumer goods

Autorzy:

Brzozowicz, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1356848.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-10-13

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych

Tematy:

framing effect
hypothetical bias
laboratory experiment

Opis:

In a laboratory experiment, I examined two behavioural effects: hypothetical bias and the framing effect. I elicited willingness to pay (WTP) for a cosmetic product, and manipulated framing conditions (positive vs. negative attribute framing) and incentives to reveal the actual valuation (hypothetical vs. real). I demonstrated that hypothetical bias has a significant impact on WTP values; however, the framing effect has no effect on the valuation of the product. Similarly, I found no interaction between the two effects. This observation contributes to claims that hypothetical research methods lead to equally reliable data as those based on consequential choices.

Źródło:

Central European Economic Journal; 2018, 5, 52; 260 - 269
2543-6821

Pojawia się w:

Central European Economic Journal

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:

Critical Discourse Analysis of RT news headlines on Venezuela’s post-coup crisis in 2019-2020

Autorzy:

Matselyukh, Ihor

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40223383.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

CDA
headlines
presuppositions
implicatures
agency
bias

Opis:

This article researches the biased content of the propagandistic channel RT through the prism of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It attempts to uncover the linguistic means of creating biased content in RT headlines that cover the Venezuela’s post-coup crisis of 2019-2020. It offers a CDA approach to the systemic bias in the headlines of 375 news stories featured on one of the most tendentious webcasters, the Russian state news provider RT. The current CDA focuses on presuppositions and implicatures, back- and fore-grounding, agency, lexis, punctuation, and briefly on other figurative linguistic means in the headlines and traces their relative recurrence that might form a pattern.

Źródło:

Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2023, 9; 95-111
2450-5188

Pojawia się w:

Linguistics Beyond and Within

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Od pierwotnej oralności do wtórnej piśmienności w epoce dominacji internetowego biasu

Autorzy:

Szpunar, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643297.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Tematy:

kultura oralna, kultura pisma, technologia definiująca, bias

Opis:

From primary orality to secondary literacy in the era of the dominance of Internet biasScientists tend to overestimate writing as the primary form of language, while the oral communication is the primary form of the whole communication. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the crucial role of technologies such as writing in the thought processes and evolution of culture.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prasoznawcze; 2014, 57, 4
0555-0025
2084-3836

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prasoznawcze

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

Non-random base composition in codons of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in vertebrates.

Autorzy:

Prusak, Beata
Grzybowski, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041499.pdf

Data publikacji:

2004

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne

Tematy:

structure-function relationships
compositional bias
cytochrome b

Opis:

Cytochrome b is the central catalytic subunit of the quinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase of complex III of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system and is essential to the viability of most eukaryotic cells. Partial cytochrome b gene sequences of 14 species representing mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are presented here including some species typical for Poland. For the analysed species a comparative analysis of the natural variation in the gene was performed. This information has been used to discuss some aspects of gene sequence - protein function relationships. Review of relevant literature indicates that similar comparisons have been made only for basic mammalian species. Moreover, there is little information about the Polish-specific species. We observed that there is a strong non-random distribution of nucleotides in the cytochrome b sequence in all tested species with the highest differences at the third codon position. This is also the codon position of the strongest compositional bias. Some tested species, representing distant systematic groups, showed unique base composition differing from the others. The quail, frog, python and elk prefer C over A in the light DNA strand. Species belonging to the artiodactyls stand out from the remaining ones and contain fewer pyrimidines. The observed overall rate of amino acid identity is about 61%. The region covering Qo center as well as histidines 82 and 96 (heme ligands) are totally conserved in all tested species. Additionally, the applied method and the sequences can also be used for diagnostic species identification by veterinary and conservation agencies.

Źródło:

Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2004, 51, 4; 897-905
0001-527X

Pojawia się w:

Acta Biochimica Polonica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

When Dishonesty Leads to Trust: Moral Judgments Biased by Self-interest are Truly Believed

Autorzy:

Bocian, Konrad
Baryla, Wieslaw
Wojciszke, Bogdan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430780.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016-09-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

moral judgments
self-interest bias
cheating
trust

Opis:

Research has shown that cheating is perceived as immoral when it serves the cheater’s interests, though it can be seen as moral when it serves the interests of the perceiver. However, are such biased moral judgments real, or are they merely lip service? To answer the question of whether biased moral judgments actually inform behavior, the authors asked participants to observe a confederate who either cheated for money or did not cheat, which benefited either the confederate alone or both the confederate and the participating observer. Then, participants evaluated the confederate and, finally, played a one shot trust game with her. Cheating influenced moral judgments and decreased behavioral trust, but this only occurred when self-interest was not involved. When self-interest was involved, participants showed no significant differences in trust levels, independent of whether the confederate had cheated or not. Implications for the dual process theory in moral psychology are discussed.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 3; 366-372
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

Application Of Bias Randomization In Evaluation Of Measuring Instrument Capability

Autorzy:

Fotowicz, P.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220973.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

measurement uncertainty
bias randomization
measuring instrument capability

Opis:

The paper deals with the problem of bias randomization in evaluation of the measuring instrument capability. The bias plays a significant role in assessment of the measuring instrument quality. Because the measurement uncertainty is a comfortable parameter for evaluation in metrology, the bias may be treated as a component of the uncertainty associated with the measuring instrument. The basic method for calculation of the uncertainty in modern metrology is propagation of distributions. Any component of the uncertainty budget should be expressed as a distribution. Usually, in the case of a systematic effect being a bias, the rectangular distribution is assumed. In the paper an alternative randomization method using the Flatten-Gaussian distribution is proposed.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2015, 22, 4; 513-520
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

On some efficient classes of estimators using auxiliary attribute

Autorzy:

Bhushan, Shashi
Kumar, Anoop

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15017632.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-03-15

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Bias
Mean square error
Efficiency
Auxiliary attribute

Opis:

This paper considers some efficient classes of estimators for the estimation of population mean using known population proportion. The usual mean estimator, classical ratio, and regression estimators suggested by Naik and Gupta (1996) and Abd-Elfattah et al. (2010) estimators are identified as the members of the suggested class of estimators. The expressions of bias and mean square errors are derived up to first-order approximation. The proposed estimators were put to test against various other competing estimators till date. It has been found both theoretically and empirically that the suggested classes of estimators dominate the existing estimators.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 2; 141-157
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

STRONNICZOŚĆ MEDIÓW W BIPOLARNYM ŚRODOWISKU POLITYCZNYM. TYGODNIK „POLITYKA” W KAMPANIACH WYBORCZYCH 2015 ROKU
MEDIA BIAS IN A BIPOLAR POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT. “POLITYKA” WEEKLY IN THE 2015 ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS

Autorzy:

Kolczyński, Mariusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513665.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

media-party parallelism, media bias, electoral campaign

Opis:

The 2014–2015 electoral cycle was a serious marketing challenge for Polish weeklies because of the gradual change in the balance of power (after several years of Civic Platform domination, the ratings of Law and Justice significantly improved), which implied a more leveled electoral rivalry and changes on the publishing market- leading to more intensive competition between weeklies presenting similar editorial perspective: “Polityka” – “Newsweek” – “W Sieci” – “Do Rzeczy” – “Gazeta Polska”, taking into consideration the relatively low number of readers of such publications. From this perspective the analysis of journalistic endeavors of “Polityka” during the period of time preceding the key elections (Presidential and Parliamentary) in 2015 seem to be an important research problem – taking into account the rank of “Polityka” and its part in forming and defining questions of civil and political discourse.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2017, 15, 1; 33-47 (15)
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

POLITICAL PARANOIA - A RULE OR A CHANCE?

Autorzy:

Kasińska-Metryka, Agnieszka
Miernik, Rafał

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594695.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

political paranoia
public opinion
cognitive bias
irrationality

Opis:

Politics is a particular field of social activity where accusing an opponent of mental incapacitation occurs as a frequent element of the conducted narrative. Moreover, public opinion discrediting a profession of a politician is very eager to question the mental health of political actors. Vocabulary used in the public is a vital testimony of societies attitude towards people with mental disorders. However, we refer paranoia to personality traits of individuals while political paranoia refers to reaction to events, facts or to the way it is seen by individuals or groups. The authors do not have any ambition to carry out a psychological analysis of politicians. What is intriguing is the issue of using political paranoia (searching for enemies, tracking plots, fighting in defence of ideals, irrational justification of failures) in the group spectrum for elections. What is also intriguing is the answer to the question whether politicians are paranoid, or it is a well-planned election strategy which aims to identify an opponent to consolidate a group of voters around the leader.

Źródło:

Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 139-150
0208-7375

Pojawia się w:

Polish Political Science Yearbook

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:

SPORY WOKÓŁ OBRONY PRZEZ KULTURĘ W KONTEKŚCIE DEBAT NA TEMAT WIELOKULTUROWOŚCI
CULTURE DEFENCE STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEBATE OVER MULTICULTURALISM

Autorzy:

Kania, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368067.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

cultural bias
culture defence
multiculturalism
criminal law

Opis:

The main aim of this article is to introduce the concept of culture/cultural defence into the framework of current debates over multiculturalism. Culture defence is a rela-tively new legal strategy, which seeks to strengthen its own position as a formal strategy in criminal law, mainly in the common law system. It is based on the cognitive assump-tion that culture affects individuals’ perception of social reality to that extent that indi-viduals could lack the capacity to act with the full ignorance of culturally given norms. The concept of culture defence will be juxtaposed to the different approaches to multicul-turalism itself: to the concept of John Rawls’s theory of justice, to the concept of politics of difference as introduced by Charles Taylor, and to the politics of multiculturalism proposed by Will Kymlicka. This article reveals the question of legitimacy of culture defence as a crucial question bounded up with political philosophy, not exclusively em-braced by the philosophy of law.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2016, 14, 2; 151-163
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:

Association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence – A panel study of Swedish employees

Autorzy:

Johansson, Gun
Gustafsson, Klas
Marklund, Staffan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177243.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-04-13

Wydawca:

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi

Tematy:

bias
work place
sickness behaviour
questionnaires
Sweden

Opis:

Objectives This study is analyzing the unexpected reversed or lacking association between high adjustment latitude and sickness presence by examining whether it is due to confounding. Material and Methods Questionnaires were sent in 2004 and 2005 to a cohort of individuals aged 25–50 years, selected from the Statistics Sweden’s register of the Swedish population. Information from 2397 individuals who answered both questionnaires was analyzed by the use of logistic regression analysis. Results The odds ratio for sickness presence among the individuals with a low adjustment latitude compared to those with high adjustment latitude was 1.7 (range: 1.4–2.2). This increased likelihood was almost entirely unaffected in the analysis of potential confounders. Conclusions If the reversed association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence does not reflect confounding, it may be due to reporting bias, which may cause problems in research on sickness presence. We argue that more detailed studies are needed to explore the different sources of possible reporting problems.

Źródło:

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 3; 507-518
1232-1087
1896-494X

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:

Noise and bias - some controversies raised by the book 'Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment', written by Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, Cass R. Sunstein

Autorzy:

Szreder, Mirosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082251.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-06-30

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

noise
bias
mean squared error
statistical inference

Opis:

The paper reviews and discusses the statistical aspects of the phenomenon called 'noise' which Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winning psychologist, and his colleagues present in their new book entitled 'Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment'. Noise is understood by the authors as an unexpected and undesirable variation present in people's judgments. The variability of judgments influences decisions which are made on the basis of those judgments and, consequently, may have a negative impact on the operations of various institutions. This is the main concern presented and analyzed in this book. The objective of this paper is to look at the relationship between bias and noise - the two major components of the mean squared error (MSE) - from a different perspective which is absent in the book. Although the author agrees that each of the two components contributes equally to MSE, he claims that in some circumstances a reduction of noise can make accurate inference not less, but more difficult. It is justified that the actual impact of noise cannot be accurately determined without considering both bias and noise simultaneously.

Źródło:

Przegląd Statystyczny; 2022, 69, 1; 39-49
0033-2372

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Statystyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:

The Class of Estimators of Finite Population Mean Using Incomplete Multi-Auxiliary Information

Autorzy:

Srivastava, Meenakshi
Garg, Neha

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466065.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

bias
mean square error
multi-auxiliary information

Opis:

In this paper, a class of estimators is considered for estimating the mean of the finite population utilizing available incomplete multi-auxiliary information. Some special cases of this class of estimators are considered. The approximate expressions for bias and mean square error of the suggested estimators have also been derived and theoretical results are numerically supported.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2013, 14, 2; 201-216
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:

Modelling a subregular bias in phonological learning with Recurrent Neural Networks

Autorzy:

Prickett, Brandon

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2061408.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN

Tematy:

neural networks
learning bias
formal language theory
phonology

Opis:

A number of experiments have demonstrated what seems to be a bias in human phonological learning for patterns that are simpler according to Formal Language Theory (Finley and Badecker 2008; Lai 2015; Avcu 2018). This paper demonstrates that a sequence-to-sequence neural network (Sutskever et al. 2014), which has no such restriction explicitly built into its architecture, can successfully capture this bias. These results suggest that a bias for patterns that are simpler according to Formal Language Theory may not need to be explicitly incorporated into models of phonological learning.

Źródło:

Journal of Language Modelling; 2021, 9, 1; 67--96
2299-856X
2299-8470

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Language Modelling

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:

BIAS REDUCTION IN KERNEL ESTIMATOR OF DENSITY FUNCTION IN BOUNDARY REGION

Autorzy:

Baszczyńska, Aleksandra

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453760.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki

Tematy:

kernel estimator
density function
bias reduction
reflection method

Opis:

The properties of the classical kernel estimator of density function deteriorate when the support of density function is bounded. The use of classical form of kernel estimator causes the increase of the bias estimator, particularly in the so-called boundary region, close to end of support. It can also lead to undesirable situation where density function estimator has a different support than the density function. The paper presents selected bias reduction procedures, such as reflection method and its modification. An example is presented with an attempt to compare considered procedures.

Źródło:

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2015, 16, 1; 7-16
2082-792X

Pojawia się w:

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

Darwin’s Greatest Secret Exposed: Response to Grzegorz Malec’s De Facto Fact Denying Review of My Book

Autorzy:

Sutton, Mike

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553335.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii

Tematy:

Darwin
Matthew
misrepresentation
bias
fact denial
historic revisionism

Opis:

Grzegorz Malec’s “There Is No Darwin’s Greatest Secret”, a review of my book Nullius in Verba: Darwin’s Greatest Secret, takes one extremely minor finding from my book and, despite his best efforts, manages to disconfirm just one of thirty examples of that minor finding. He then takes that one disconfirmed mere minor example and presents it as evidence that he has disconfirmed all the original major findings in my book. By so doing, his deceptive review goes far beyond the counter-academic deviance of mere cherry picking, it is more a case of gross misrepresentation to the point of de facto fact denial amounting to historic revisionist behaviour.

Źródło:

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2016, 13; 287-296
2299-0356

Pojawia się w:

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

The evaluation of weekly extended range river basin rainfall forecasts and a new bias correction mechanism for flood management in India

Autorzy:

Guhathakurta, Pulak
Prasad, Ashwini Kumar
Chattyopadhyay, Rajib
Sangwan, Neha
Wagh, Nilesh
Pattanaik, D. R.
Pai, D. S.
Mohapatra, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058418.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

extended range prediction
rainfall bias correction
flood management

Opis:

Operational extended range forecasts are being disseminated once every week by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for several sectorial applications. These forecasts show a reduction in amplitude and variance as a function of lead-time. Such reductions in variance can be due to several physical factors: inherent forecast model bias, a problem relating to initial conditions, leaddependent statistical biases, etc. A week-by-week analysis shows that such biases are not systematic. Rainfall forecasts are underestimated in some regions, while others overestimate rainfall amplitude. To correct the bias in the extended range weekly averaged forecast, a statistical post-processing method (normal ratio correction) is proposed to make the outlook more valuable at a longer lead-time. The correction method is based on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) technical guidance on rainfall estimation and is also shown to be useful for rainfall forecasts. In this analysis, we evaluate the extended range forecast skill at the river sub-basin-scale and show that there are several river sub-basins over the central Indian region where the correction has improved the model forecast in the one to two-week range. Although this analysis was tailored toward making the river basins and sub-basins of India more readily realizable for flood forecasters, it can be used for any administrative boundaries such as block, district, or state-level requirements.

Źródło:

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2022, 10, 1; 1--25
2299-3835
2353-5652

Pojawia się w:

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

Results of radon CR-39 detectors exposed in schools due two different long-term periods

Autorzy:

Stojanovska, Z.
Boev, B.
Zunic, Z. S.
Bossew, P.
Jovevska, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147386.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej

Tematy:

comparison
linear regression analysis
relative bias
U test

Opis:

The paper deals with the recent survey of indoor radon (Rn) results in schools, where paired CR-39 detectors were simultaneously exposed to different long-term periods, i.e., one detector was exposed during the whole year and the other one in the period of the school year duration. To be able to compare the results obtained, for its analysis, the relative bias and U tests were used. It was found that there are no systematic differences between the results, which points that the exposure of the detector during summer vacations did not affect the estimated average annual radon concentration. The paired results were modelled by a linear function, giving an extremely high coeffi cient of determination R2 = 0.99.

Źródło:

Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 385-389
0029-5922
1508-5791

Pojawia się w:

Nukleonika

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

Effects of Word Class and Training Method on Vocabulary Learning in a Second Language

Autorzy:

Ludington, Jason D.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620892.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-12-01

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

vocabulary learning
second language
noun bias
nouns
verbs

Opis:

It is not fully known whether nouns or verbs are easier to learn in a second language. A noun learning advantage has been observed for children in many languages (e.g., Gentner, 1982), but few have examined whether mature second language learners show a similar pattern. In the current study 84 university students were trained with nonce words for 96 familiar, concrete concepts (half nouns, half verbs), half labeled ostensibly, and half in contexts that allowed label meanings to be inferred. Vocabulary knowledge was assessed through recognition tests after a delay of either five minutes or one week. No evidence of a word class advantage was found-participants did not demonstrate a noun advantage. Ostensive training was superior to inferential training at five minutes but not after one week.

Źródło:

Research in Language; 2015, 13, 4; 426-449
1731-7533

Pojawia się w:

Research in Language

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

A feedback weighted fusion algorithm with dynamic sensor bias correction for gyroscope array

Autorzy:

Yuan, Ding
Qin, Yongyuan
Shen, Xiaowei
Wu, Zongwei

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1848956.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

inertial sensor
gyroscope array
weighted fusion
bias correction

Opis:

Low-cost Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes are known to have a smaller size, lower weight, and less power consumption than their more technologically advanced counterparts. However, current low-grade MEMS gyroscopes have poor performance and cannot compete with quality sensors in high accuracy navigational and guidance applications. The main focus of this paper is to investigate performance improvements by fusing multiple homogeneous MEMS gyroscopes. These gyros are transformed into a virtual gyro using a feedback weighted fusion algorithm with dynamic sensor bias correction. The gyroscope array combines eight homogeneous gyroscope units on each axis and divides them into two layers of differential configuration. The algorithm uses the gyroscope array estimation value to remove the gyroscope bias and then correct the gyroscope array measurement value. Then the gyroscope variance is recalculated in real time according to the revised measurement value and the weighted coefficients and state estimation of each gyroscope are deduced according to the least square principle. The simulations and experiments showed that the proposed algorithm could further reduce the drift and improve the overall accuracy beyond the performance limitations of individual gyroscopes. The maximum cumulative angle error was -2.09 degrees after 2000 seconds in the static test, and the standard deviation (STD) of the output fusion value of the proposed algorithm was 0.006 degrees/s in the dynamic test, which was only 1.7% of the STD value of an individual gyroscope.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2021, 28, 1; 161-179
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

THE POWER OF SELF-DECEPTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTION TO THE COVID-19 THREAT

Autorzy:

Kaczmarek, Bożydar L. J
Gaś, Zbigniew B

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138050.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-07-30

Wydawca:

Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica

Tematy:

optimistic bias
misinformation
data selection
biconceptualism
coping mechanisms

Opis:

Poland’s inhabitants have often expressed disbelief and negative attitudes toward social isolation, combined with restlessness. This is due to a tendency to discount troubling informa tion while facing the unknown and counter-argue against information that causes discomfort and fear. This tendency helps humans to maintain hope and well-being. The study aimed to determine if Polish citizens tend to downplay or even deny danger when faced with a death threat. The study comprised 58 adults – 46 females 12 males, aged 21 to 49. The participants were asked to answer 12 questions defining their beliefs and attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic threat and its consequences. The subjects gave answers on the 5-point Likert scale, from "definitely not" to "definitely yes". The findings of the present study show that a considerable number of the participants tend to exhibit an optimistic bias. This is reflected in their direct statements and in the lack of congruence of their opinions. They do feel the threat of becoming ill but also seem to believe it need not affect them personally. They are also relatively optimistic about the outcomes of the pandemic. At the same time, they realize that COVID-19 may lead to severe psychological, neurological, and mental disorders. The study confirmed a tendency to deny the threat that can pose a severe risk to health and psychological well-being. This is a manifestation of an optimism bias that has its roots in the way the human brain works. The participants did express concerns about the future but at the same time hoped that life after the pandemic would return to normal. It reflects a benevolent facet of self-deception since it makes it possible to cope with highly threatening and impossible to control events.

Źródło:

Acta Neuropsychologica; 2021, 19(3); 319-328
1730-7503
2084-4298

Pojawia się w:

Acta Neuropsychologica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

Analiza wpływu korekcji biasu na dokładność produktów fotogrametrycznych z wysokorozdzielczych danych satelitarnych
The analysis of the effect of bias correction on the accuracy of photogrammetric products derived from high resolution satellite data

Autorzy:

Wilińska, M.
Kędzierski, M.
Dąbrowski, R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/209903.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego

Tematy:

fotogrametria
GeoEye-1
Ikonos-2
RPC
korekcja bias
orientacja scen stereo
NMT
ortoobraz
photogrammetry
bias compensation
sensor orientation
DTM
orthoimage

Opis:

Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie analizy orientacji scen stereo w zależności od liczby wykorzystanych fotopunktów, zbadanie wpływu odchyleń standardowych biasu na wyniki orientacji oraz ocena dokładnościowa numerycznych modeli terenu i ortoobrazów wygenerowanych z wysokorozdzielczych zobrazowań satelitarnych pozyskanych z satelitów GeoEye-1 oraz Ikonos-2. W literaturze anglojęzycznej tematykę biasu, czyli poprawki wynikającej z podniesienia dokładności korekcji RPC (ang. Rational Polynomial Coefficient), poruszają w swoich artykułach C. S. Fraser oraz H. B. Hanley. Podejmują oni głównie problem orientacji wysokorozdzielczych zobrazowań satelitarnych oraz wpływ biasu na jej wynik. W Polsce na temat ten napisano niewiele referatów, dlatego też nasz zespół zdecydował się na przeprowadzenie niezbędnych badań i analiz. Satelita GeoEye-1, po umieszczeniu na orbicie we wrześniu 2008 roku, osiągnął swoją pełną zdolność operacyjną już w lutym 2009 roku. Jako jeden z pierwszych dostarczał zobrazowań o półmetrowej rozdzielczości przestrzennej w zakresie panchromatycznym. Dlatego też przedmiotem badań były dwie panchromatyczne stereopary - jedna pozyskana właśnie z satelity GeoEye-1, a druga z Ikonos-2 wystrzelonego w 1999 roku. Zarówno Ikonos-2, jak i GeoEye-1 są reprezentatywnymi satelitami dostarczającymi wysokorozdzielczych danych obrazowych. Charakteryzują się podobnymi parametrami technicznymi, własnościami orbity, pozyskują zobrazowania w trybie panchromatycznym i wielospektralnym, a także dostarczają zobrazowań o rozdzielczości przestrzennej w zakresie panchromatycznym poniżej 1 metra. Opracowane stereopary przedstawiają miasto Hobart (Australia) oraz jego okolice. Jest to teren zróżnicowany topograficznie, obejmujący zatokę, obszar silnie zurbanizowany oraz zalesione pasmo górskie. Zakres wysokości obejmuje przedział około od 0 do 1300 m. Zróżnicowanie wysokościowe opracowywanego terenu miało znaczący wpływ na jakość finalnych produktów fotogrametrycznych, co również zostało przeanalizowane. Do opracowania wykorzystano część osnowy fotogrametrycznej pomierzonej w 2004 roku techniką GPS. Do orientacji użyto 19 fotopunktów. Istotą poniższych rozważań było porównanie wyników orientacji przeprowadzonej przy różnej liczbie fotopunktów, z zachowaniem stałej konfiguracji punktów kontrolnych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy określona została liczba fotopunktów właściwa dla orientacji każdej stereopary. Kolejnym zagadnieniem była korekcja biasu w RPC. Przeprowadzona została analiza zależności zachodzących pomiędzy obrazem a terenem podczas orientacji zobrazowań oraz opisano równania poprawek służące eliminacji biasu przed i po orientacji zewnętrznej, przeprowadzonej na podstawie oryginalnych RPC. Istotną kwestią było określenie zależności między wartością błędu RMS (ang. Root Mean Square) wykonanej orientacji a odchyleniem standardowym biasu w kierunkach osi układu obrazowego (wiersza i kolumny - ng. line i sample). Po określeniu liczby fotopunktów odpowiedniej do wykonania orientacji oraz najkorzystniejszych wartości odchyleń standardowych biasu w obu kierunkach, wygenerowane zostały numeryczne modele terenu. Zastosowano cyfrową korelację obrazów metodą ABM (ang. Area Based Matching). Wynikowy rozmiar pikseli numerycznych modeli terenu generowanych z obu stereopar wyniósł 10 m. Powstałe modele przebadano pod kątem dokładności pionowej położenia punktu, poprzez porównanie wysokości pomierzonych techniką GPS z tożsamymi wysokościami pomierzonymi na danym modelu wysokościowym. Kolejnym etapem było wygenerowanie ortoobrazów z pojedynczych zdjęć ze stereopary oraz przeanalizowanie ich dokładności. Wymiar oczka generowanych produktów fotogrametrycznych wyniósł odpowiednio dla GeoEye-1 0,5 m i 1 m dla Ikonosa-2. Analiza dokładności została przeprowadzona na podstawie porównania odległości między punktami kontrolnymi, pomierzonymi na ortoobrazach i niebiorącymi udziału w orientacji, a odległościami obliczonymi ze współrzędnych pomierzonych za pomocą techniki GPS. Opracowanie to dotyczy wyżej wymienionych zagadnień. Całość została zakończona podsumowaniem oraz wnioskami wynikłymi w trakcie badań.
The major purpose of this paper is to analyse stereopair orientation and bias compensation in rational polynomial coefficients. Moreover, the accuracy of digital terrain models and orthoimages generated from high-resolution satellite images acquired by GeoEye-1 and Ikonos-2 was evaluated. Bias, so the correction caused by increasing the accuracy of the RPC (Rational Polynomial Coefficient) correction, had been mentioned in a number of English articles by C. S. Fraser and H. B . H anley. They discuss the problem of orientation with regards to high resolution satellite imagery and the influence of bias on the results of this orientation. In Poland, there are not many publications concerning this topic, which is why our research team had decided to conduct the necessary research and analyses. GeoEye-1, launched in September 2008, commenced full commercial operations in February, 2009. As one of the first satellites it develops panchromatic images in a half-meter resolution. That is why the subject of this research are two panchromatic stereoscenes - one acquired by GeoEye-1, and second by Ikonos-2, launched in 1999. Both of them are representative satellites acquiring high-resolution image data. They have similar technique parameters, orbit characteristics, get images in panchromatic and multispectral modes and develop panchromatic scenes in less than 1-meter resolution. Used stereoscenes show the city of Hobart (Australia) and its neigbourhood. This area has variabled topography and includes the bay, strongly urban terrain and mountains covered with forest. The heights reach around from 0 to 1300 meters. This height variety can has significant impact on final photogrammetric products, what also was studied. In the project we used the part of the test field measured in 2004 by GPS, consisting of 19 control points which were used for orientation. The issue of this paper will be comparison of orientation effects carried on the different number of control points without changes in check point configuration. Depending on the analysis, the accurate number of control points to orientation of each stereoscenes was chosen. The next problem was bias compensation in RPC (Rational Polynomial Coefficients). An analysis of the relation had been conducted during scene orientation. Moreover, the correction equations of bias compensation before and after orientation depending on original RPC will be described. The important problem will be indication of relation between RMS error of orientation and standard deviation of line and sample in bias correction. After indication of the number of control points accurate to orientation and the most profitable parameters of line and sample, we generated digital terrain models. We used ABM correlation method. Output cell size for both of stereopairs was equal to 10 meters. Generated digital terrain models were studied in the aspect of point height accuracy by the comparison of heights measured by GPS with elevations measured on explored terrain models. The next stage was generation of orthoimages from single scenes of steropairs and analysis of their accuracy. The output cell size of generated photogrammetric products was equal to 0.5 and 1 meter for GeoEye-1 and Ikonos-2. Analysis of accuracy was provided in dependence on comparison of distances between check points not used in bundle adjustment and measured on generated orthoimages and distances computed from coordinates measured by GPS. The paper concerns the above problems and it is ended by summary and proposals coming from the research.

Źródło:

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2011, 60, 3; 335-352
1234-5865

Pojawia się w:

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

Robustness of estimation of first-order autoregressive model under contaminated uniform white noise

Autorzy:

Nouali, Karima

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729652.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii

Tematy:

autoregressive model
bias
MSE
robustness
generalized Beta distribution

Opis:

The first-order autoregressive model with uniform innovations is considered. In this paper, we study the bias-robustness and MSE-robustness of modified maximum likelihood estimator of parameter of the model against departures from distribution of white noise. We used the generalized Beta distribution to describe these departures.

Źródło:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2009, 29, 1; 53-68
1509-9423

Pojawia się w:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

Efekt przetrwania i premia za przetrwanie na przykładzie stóp zwrotu polskich funduszy inwestycyjnych otwartych
Survivorship bias and survivor premium of open-end funds in Poland

Autorzy:

Trzebiński, Artur A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693173.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

survivorship bias
mutual funds
efekt przetrwania
fundusze inwestycyjne

Opis:

Survivorship bias is the difference in returns between a portfolio composed of surviving funds and a portfolio of all funds of the period. In the literature, survivorship bias is indicated as one of the methodological errors that may affect the results and conclusions of research on the performance of investment funds. The purpose of the study conducted was to determine survivorship bias for Polish open-end investment funds in the period 2005-2015. The analysis was made on an annual basis by adopting two different approaches to active funds (operating throughout and at the end of sub-periods of research). It highlighted the factors that may affect the size of the effect of survivorship bias. The bias appeared to be very small, but this does not mean that it should be completely ignored in research. The key factors influencing its size included the change in the management of investment strategies and mergers with other funds.
Istotą efektu przetrwania jest różnica między stopami zwrotu portfela złożonego z funduszy aktywnych i portfela obejmującego wszystkie fundusze z danego okresu. W literaturze efekt przetrwania wskazywany jest jako jeden z błędów metodologicznych, który może wpływać na wyniki i wnioski z badań nad dochodowością i efektywnością funduszy inwestycyjnych. W artykule przeprowadzono badanie, którego celem było określenie wysokości efektu przetrwania dla polskich funduszy inwestycyjnych otwartych w latach 2005-2015. Analizę przeprowadzono w okresach rocznych, przyjmując dwa różne podejścia do funduszy aktywnych (działające przez całe podokresy badadawcze i na ich koniec) oraz zwrócono uwagę na czynniki, które mogą wpływać na wysokość efektu przetrwania. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że efekt przetrwania powinien być uwzględniany głównie w badaniach obejmujących fundusze akcyjne. Natomiast kluczowym czynnikiem wpływającym na wysokość efektu przetrwania nie okazało się likwidowanie funduszy, ale zmienianie przez zarządzających strategii inwestycyjnych i łączenie z innymi funduszami.

Źródło:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2016, 78, 3; 169-187
0035-9629
2543-9170

Pojawia się w:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

The Bias of Mediatization: Utopia in Charlottesville

Autorzy:

Mlađenović, Nikola

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691360.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej

Tematy:

mediatization
neoliberalism
populism
bias of communication
Donald Trump

Opis:

The paper reconstructs Harold innis’ idea of media’s bias. It is argued that media construct a view of the future in line with temporalized Platonism that excludes people that belong to the past. The clash of statues and media in Charlottesville presented mediatization as a progressive but not dialectical force. Statues and media did not check each other’s biases. Media embody the confrontation of authority and publicity (Habermas) or the Enlightenment and Absolutism (Koselleck). After the neoliberal commercialization, the Enlightenment acquired the form of utopian future that confronts the media logic against conservative forces. The truth is constructed according to the prescribed future. Trump blamed all, in accordance with the Absolutist principle. Commercial media professionalism stood by its Enlightenment origins and accused Trump of revitalizing forces of the past. Because most citizens were against taking down the statues, commercialized media logic was less receiver steering than the public service media.

Źródło:

Mediatization Studies; 2019, 3
2451-1188

Pojawia się w:

Mediatization Studies

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

Wpływ cech populacji i środowiska na dokładność i precyzję wyników symulacji lotniczej inwentaryzacji zwierzyny
Effects of population and habitat characteristics on the accuracy and precision of wildlife aerial surveys results

Autorzy:

Witczuk, J.
Pagacz, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979294.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne

Tematy:

bias
drone
simulations
thermal infrared
variability
wildlife monitoring

Opis:

Estimation of population abundance is one of the most difficult tasks in wildlife management. In case of forest−dwelling ungulates, none of the currently available survey methods is satisfying in terms of accuracy, precision, and cost−effectiveness. Therefore, we propose a new method of ungulate monitoring based on distance sampling and using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with thermal infrared cameras. The method is potentially more reliable and cost−effective than conventional survey techniques. It also allows for aerial surveys in the dark when animals are most active. However, the method needs to be tested before wide−scale implementation in wildlife management practice. While the effects of sampling design and effort on accuracy and precision of abundance estimates are well recognized, the importance of population and habitat characteristics is often overlooked by wildlife managers. We used simulations to assess the effects of population size, animal aggregation, and habitat−depended detection probability on the accuracy and precision of wildlife aerial survey results. We created 1000 virtual populations defined by population density (2−22 individuals/100 ha), mean group size (1−6 individuals), and probability of animal detection during surveys (proportional to canopy cover, 30−60%). Animals were distributed on a virtual study area (5000 ha) according to randomly generated density distribution. Each population was subjected to 25 simulated surveys using the same design (39 transects grouped in three 2.0×2.5 km blocks). The transects covered 12% of the entire study area. We used conventional distance sampling to estimate abundance and generalized linear models to assess the effect of each parameter on the accuracy and precision of estimates. The estimation accuracy was mostly affected by the probability of detection (B=–0.75) and, to a lesser degree, by aggre− gation (B=–0.25) and population size (B=0.09). Precision was influenced by the aggregation (B=0.32) and population size (B=–0.26), while detection probability had a weaker effect (B=–0.11). Observed significant differences in quality of abundance estimates derived by the same survey design, but with differing population and habitat characteristics, indicate that each survey requires an individual approach. It is impossible to formulate general recommendations, e.g. concerning flight plan or area coverage. To achieve the required level of precision, while minimizing the survey costs, it is necessary to test alternative survey designs with the aid of computer simulations.

Źródło:

Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 560-567
0039-7660

Pojawia się w:

Sylwan

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Advances in antithetic time series analysis: separating fact from artifact

Autorzy:

Ridley, D.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406377.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Tematy:

combining
antithetic
time series
bias correction
serial correlation

Opis:

The problem of biased time series mathematical model parameter estimates is well known to be insurmountable. When used to predict future values by extrapolation, even a de minimis bias will eventually grow into a large bias, with misleading results. This paper elucidates how combining antithetic time series solves this baffling problem of bias in the fitted and forecast values by dynamic bias cancellation. Instead of growing to infinity, the average error can converge to a constant.

Źródło:

Operations Research and Decisions; 2016, 26, 3; 57-68
2081-8858
2391-6060

Pojawia się w:

Operations Research and Decisions

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

Electroluminescence of InGaN/GaN heterostructures at the reverse bias and nitrogen temperature

Autorzy:

Veleschuk, V
Vlasenko, A
Kisselyuk, M
Vlasenko, Z
Khmil, D
Borshch, V

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174776.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Tematy:

electroluminescence at reverse bias
InGaN/GaN heterostructures
defect

Opis:

The electroluminescence spectra at reverse biases in LED InGaN/GaN heterostructures at liquid nitrogen temperatures were studied. At the reverse bias and T = 77 K, avalanche microplasmas breakdowns were observed. Electroluminescence spectra demonstrate two peaks caused by the recombination of carriers in different parts of the structure (quantum well and p-GaN layer). The temperature narrowing the half-width and the shift of electroluminescence spectra peaks inherent to microplasmas were observed.

Źródło:

Optica Applicata; 2015, 45, 4; 535-543
0078-5466
1899-7015

Pojawia się w:

Optica Applicata

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

Disqualification of en employee of a public administration authority in the European Union Member States

Autorzy:

Kmiecik, Zbigniew

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28861135.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

administrative proceedings
impartiality
bias
close persons
consanguinity
affinity

Opis:

One of the rules contained in the Code of Good Administrative Behavior adopted in 2001 by the European Parliament is the principle of impartiality and independence (Article 8). The presence of this rule, despite its non-binding nature, prompted the author to examine – using the method of comparative law analysis – whether the EU Member States have regulated this issue in their legal systems – and if so, to what extent and how. The basic institution serving the implementation of this principle is the disqualification of an employee of the authority from participation in the proceedings in situations where their impartiality seems to be at risk. Not all EU countries explicitly provide for such an institution. Among the legal systems that contain it, only some regulate the entirety of issues related to it: the grounds for disqualification, the procedure for disqualification and the consequences of it, as well as the appealability of orders taken in this matter and the consequences of violating the provisions on disqualification. Regulations of individual issues differ in the degree of detail. This applies primarily to the reasons for the disqualification of an employee of the authority. The most important reason for the disqualification of employees (except when they or their spouse are a party to the proceedings) is the consanguinity or affinity between them and the party. However, the ranges of such ties resulting in automatic disqualification of an employee, adopted in EU member states, differ significantly. The second area of significant difference is the consequences of the potentially biased employee’s participation in the proceedings. The solutions adopted in this regard in legislation and jurisprudence depend on how the main purpose of the provisions concerning the disqualification of an employee is perceived: as strengthening the public’s trust in the executive, or as a fair settlement of the matter.

Źródło:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2023, 85, 2; 109-126
0035-9629
2543-9170

Pojawia się w:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Assessing the gender wage gap: Turkey in the years 2002-2019

Autorzy:

Koral, Zeynep Aktaş
Mercan, Murat Anıl

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837687.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-03-30

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

Tematy:

gender wage gap
gender wage discrimination
selection bias
Turkey

Opis:

This study investigates the wage diefrential and discrimination between genders in Turkey based on data taken from the nationally representative Turkish Household Labour Survey for 2002 to 2019. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used which was then integrated into the Heckman's selection correction procedure. It was found that the gender wage gap is small in the Turkish labour market, while most of this gap originates from the discrimination against women. In addition ignoring the occupational and sectoral effects on the gender wage gap could result in underestimation of the discrimination effects both directly and indirectly through higher human capital of female employees. Lastly all these indicate that the results could likely be specific to the data set.

Źródło:

Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 1; 90-112
2392-1641

Pojawia się w:

Economics and Business Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification

Autorzy:

Lone, Hilal A.
Tailor, Rajesh

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465656.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

finite population mean
post-stratification
bias
mean squared error

Opis:

This paper addressed the problem of estimation of finite population mean in the case of post-stratification. Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification are suggested. The biases and mean squared errors of the suggested estimators are obtained up to the first degree of approximation. Theoretical and empirical studies have been done to demonstrate better efficiencies of the suggested estimators than other considered estimators.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2015, 16, 1; 53-64
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

Estimation of Population Mean Using Two Auxiliary Sources in Sample Surveys

Autorzy:

Shukla, Diwakar
Pathak, Sharad
Thakur, Narendra Singh

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465744.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Family of estimators
SRSWOR
Bias and Mean squared error

Opis:

This paper proposes families for estimation of population mean of the main variable under study using the information on two different auxiliary variables under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme. Three different classes of estimators are constructed, examined with a complete study with other existing estimators. The expression for bias and mean squared error of the proposed families are obtained up to first order of approximation. Usual ratio estimator, product estimator, dual to ratio estimator, ratio-cum-product type estimator and many more estimators are identified as particular members of the suggested family. Expressions of optimization are derived and theoretical results are supported by numerical examples.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2012, 13, 1; 21-36
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

A General Family of Dual to Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator in Sample Surveys

Autorzy:

Singh, Rajesh
Kumar, Mukesh
Chauhan, Pankaj
Sawan, Nirmala
Smarandache, Florentin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465772.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Family of estimators
auxiliary variables
bias
mean-squared error

Opis:

This paper presents a family of dual to ratio-cum-product estimators for the finite population mean. Under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme, expressions of the bias and mean-squared error (MSE) up to the first order of approximation are derived. We show that the proposed family is more efficient than usual unbiased estimator, ratio estimator, product estimator, Singh estimator (1967), Srivenkataramana (1980) and Bandyopadhyaya estimator (1980) and Singh et al. (2005) estimator. An empirical study is carried out to illustrate the performance of the constructed estimator over others.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 3; 587-594
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Estimation of Population Mean Using Multi-Auxiliary Characters With Subsampling The Nonrespondents

Autorzy:

Khare, B. B.
Sinha, R. R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465983.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Population mean
Bias
Mean square error
Multi-auxiliary characters

Opis:

The aim of this paper is to suggest a class of two phase sampling estimators for population mean using multi-auxiliary characters in presence of non-response on study character. The expressions for bias and mean square error are obtained. The condition for minimum mean square error of the proposed class of estimators has been given. The optimum values of the size of first phase sample, second phase sample and the sub sampling fraction of non-responding group have been determined for the fixed cost and for the specified precision. A comparative study of the proposed class of estimators has been carried out with an empirical study.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 1; 45-56
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

Stopień stronniczości polskich dzienników ogólnoinformacyjnych (wybrane wyznaczniki)
Degree of bias in polish general-information newspapers (selected determinants)

Autorzy:

Olechowska, Paulina

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514511.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych

Tematy:

media bias
media-party parallelism
polish general-information newspapers

Opis:

This article attempts to determine the degree of bias in Polish general-information newspapers (“Gazeta Polska Codziennie”, “Nasz Dziennik”, “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Rzeczpospolita”), based on selected determinants. They include: thematic agenda, political pluralism and media coverage, degree of directives and persuasiveness of messages. The author used the method of content analysis of press, analysis method and synthesis method.

Źródło:

Political Preferences; 2017, 16; 107-130
2449-9064

Pojawia się w:

Political Preferences

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Wady i zalety wskaźnika cen towarów i usług konsumpcyjnych – szacunki obciążenia
The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Consumer Price Index: Estimates of the Measurement Bias for Poland

Autorzy:

Hałka, Aleksandra
Leszczyńska, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574277.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011-09-30

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych

Tematy:

Inflation
CPI bias
Fisher index
Laspeyres index
democratic index

Opis:

The article deals with the problem of a measurement bias related to the consumer price index (CPI) for Poland. According to the authors, the bias is due to two basic factors: a substitution effect and the use of plutocratic weights for calculating the price index. The research was conducted comparing the CPI index published in Poland with superlative indices and a democratic index. The calculations were made on the basis of data from the 2005-2009 period. The research did not confirm the occurrence of an upward bias for the CPI index, the authors say, and the results point to a slight underestimation of the CPI as a result of the substitution effect and the use of plutocratic weights: by 0.1 and 0.3 percentage points respectively. The negative bias resulting from the substitution effect is an atypical result in the context of research for other countries. A deeper analysis revealed that this situation may be explained in two ways, the authors say. On the one hand, the lack of overestimation may be due to frequent changes in the structure of weights used to calculate the CPI, which leads to better adaptation of the indicator to changes taking place in the structure of consumption. On the other hand, the prices of consumer goods and services-which are subject to relatively stable demand-grew at a faster rate than the CPI index in the analyzed period, and a positive rate of growth has been observed in real household incomes over the past decade. In turn, the examination of the “plutocratic gap” revealed that the CPI (plutocratic) index for Poland is lower than the democratic index, the authors say. They conclude that the result of the examination of the “plutocratic gap” is compatible with research for other countries.

Źródło:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 250, 9; 51-75
2300-5238

Pojawia się w:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

Interlocutors-Related and Hearer-Specific Causes of Misunderstanding: Processing Strategy, Confirmation Bias and Weak Vigilance

Autorzy:

Padilla Cruz, Manuel

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620942.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

misunderstanding
processing strategy
confirmation bias
epistemic vigilance
hermeneutical vigilance

Opis:

Noises, similarities between words, slips of the tongue, ambiguities, wrong or false beliefs, lexical deficits, inappropriate inferences, cognitive overload, non-shared knowledge, topic organisation or focusing problems, among others, may cause misunderstanding. While some of these are structural factors, others pertain to the speaker or to both the speaker and the hearer. In addition to stable factors connected with the interlocutors’ communicative abilities, cultural knowledge or patterns of thinking, other less stable factors, such as their personal relationships, psychological states or actions motivated by physiological functions, may also result in communicative problems. This paper considers a series of further factors that may eventually lead to misunderstanding, and which solely pertain to the hearer: processing strategy, confirmation bias and weak vigilance.

Źródło:

Research in Language; 2017, 15, 1; 11-36
1731-7533

Pojawia się w:

Research in Language

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

A New Instrument for Measuring the Local Causal Effect of Privatisation on Firm Performance
Wykorzystanie nowego instrumentu do lokalnego pomiaru wpływu prywatyzacji na wyniki przedsiębiorstw

Autorzy:

Hagemejer, Jan
Tyrowicz, Joanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142138.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-09-30

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych

Tematy:

prywatyzacja
wyniki przedsiębiorstw
endogeniczność
firm performance
privatisation
endogeneity bias

Opis:

Despite an apparent consensus in the literature that privatisation universally leads to an increase in firm performance, the problem of endogeneity bias is profound and has been emphasised in a number of meta-analyses. We propose a new instrument to address the endogeneity bias and apply it to Polish medium-sized and large firms in the period of 1995 to 2008. We find that improvements in firm performance are not universal; in particular, we find no improvement among manufacturing firms privatised to domestic investors.
Pomimo istnienia w literaturze ewidentnego konsensusu, że prywatyzacja jednoznacznie prowadzi do wzrostu produktywności i zyskowności przedsiębiorstw, problem obciążenia estymatorów wywołany endogenicznością jest znaczny, co potwierdzają liczne metaanalizy. W artykule zaproponowano nową metodę rozwiązującą problem endogeniczności, którą stosuje się do danych o uniwersum polskich średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw w latach 1995–2008. Rezultaty estymacji wskazują, że wywołana prywatyzacją poprawa wyników przedsiębiorstw widoczna jest jedynie w niektórych ich grupach.

Źródło:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2020, 303, 3; 35-52
2300-5238

Pojawia się w:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

Multiplicative method for reduction of bias in indirect digital measurement result

Autorzy:

Muravyov, S. V.
Zlygosteva, G. V.
Borikov, V. N.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221726.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

bias
error reduction technique
shunt ohmic resistance
indirect measurement

Opis:

The error reduction technique, based on inverse transformation, for a shunt active resistance measurement using an ammeter and voltmeter is considered. When computing a corrected reading only multiplicative operations on two measurement results are used, namely squaring and division. The proposed method allows to increase resistance measurement accuracy by about two orders of magnitude what has been validated by both theoretical and experimental outcomes.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 3; 481-489
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

Wpływ zmian globalnej awersji do ryzyka na eksperckie prognozy kursów walutowych w kontekście rosnącej internacjonalizacji rynków finansowych
Impact of changing risk aversion on professionals’ exchange rate forecasts in the context of growing internationalization of financial markets

Autorzy:

Jaworski, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964162.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach

Tematy:

Globalizacja
Obciążenie prognoz
Volatility Index – VIX
Forecast bias
Globalization

Opis:

Zaobserwowano, że prognozy eksperckie analityków wykazują tendencję do błędu w tym samym kierunku („przestrzelenie” w górę albo w dół w stosunku do realizacji) jednocześnie w przypadku większości kursów walutowych rynków wschodzących. W dobie rosnącej internacjonalizacji coraz większą rolę w kształtowaniu kursów walutowych odgrywają mechanizmy związane z globalnymi przepływami kapitału. W artykule wykazano, że zmiany globalnej awersji do ryzyka są czynnikiem powodującym zakłócenia prognoz analityków, a mianowicie występowania jednokierunkowego błędu tych prognoz. Wyniki te dotyczą powiązań nastrojów rynkowych w różnych krajach wskutek globalizacji oraz ich wpływu na zaburzenia oczekiwań rynkowych co do przyszłej wartości kursów walutowych. Mają one znaczenie w analizie własności prognoz kursowych przygotowywanych przez ekspertów – w szczególności w zakresie równania oczekiwań do średniej (mean reversion) oraz obciążenia prognoz (bias).
It was observed that professionals’ exchange rate forecasts show a tendency to miss the target in the same fashion (overshooting or undershooting vs. the ex post observation) simultaneously in the case of the majority of emerging markets’ exchange rates. Considering growing internationalization, global capital flows play a crucial role in foreign exchange rates fluctuations. This paper shows that changing risk aversion negatively impacts experts’ forecasting accuracy, namely causes the aforementioned one-sided errors. Such finding is noteworthy in the context of interrelationship of market sentiments in different countries due to globalization and its impact on distortions in exchange rate expectations. Our results are also vital regarding the properties of professionals’ exchange rate forecasts – particularly regarding mean reversion and forecast bias.

Źródło:

Studia Ekonomiczne; 2018, 372; 149-160
2083-8611

Pojawia się w:

Studia Ekonomiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

Słowo magiczne jako działanie – o kilku walorach koncepcji Bronisława Malinowskiego
Magical Word as an Action. A Few Thoughts about Bronisław Malinowski’s Concepts

Autorzy:

Rakoczy, Marta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635847.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

magical word
literacy
textual bias
textualisation
„magical world view”

Opis:

This article concerns Bronisław Malinowski’s ethnographical theory  of magical word. His theory was a revolutionary one for two reasons (1)  he claimed that magical word is not an instrument of understanding of „primitive mentality” (2) he argued that analysis of magical word  demanded abandoning  of  textual  bias  which  entailed  our  seeing  linguistic  genres  as semantically autonomous texts. Malinowski was not so interested in the question of literacy. He  remarked, though,  that  writing  determinated  our  linguistic  reflection  and  that  magical word, as another oral linguistic genres, demanded a radical rejection of textual conceptions of  meaning,  language and folklore.  Although  Malinowski’s  methodological  stipulations were not always consistent and his rejection of textual bias was fairly half, his abandonment of the conception of „magical world view” which is  a foundation for uses of magic is still up-to-date. 

Źródło:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2013, 4
2084-3011

Pojawia się w:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

Afterthoughts on biases in history perception

Autorzy:

Dymkowski, Maciej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430109.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

cognitive bias
common-sense psychology
historical interpretation
history perception

Opis:

Contemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/ her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 2; 84-90
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 50.

Tytuł:

On Synthetic Ratio Estimator Based on Superpopulation Approach
O syntetycznym estymatorze ilorazowym z punktu widzenia podejścia modelowego

Autorzy:

Żądło, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904709.pdf

Data publikacji:

2005

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

small area statistics
superpopulation approach
model misspecification
ξ-bias

Opis:

In the paper properties of a predictor of the form of synthetic ratio estimator of domain total, known from randomisation approach, are considered. The proof of its ξ-unbiasedness for simple regression superpopulation model in strata is shown. For the model BLU predictor is also presented. Equations of prediction variances of both predictors are derived. For considered predictors the problem of model misspecification is considered and equations of prediction mean square errors arc derived. The comparison of accuracy is supported by simulation study.
W opracowaniu rozważane są z punktu widzenia podejścia modelowego własności predyktora postaci syntetycznego estymatora ilorazowego wartości globalnej w domenie znanego z podejścia randomizacyjnego. Przedstawiony jest dowód jego ξ-nieobciążoności dla prostego regresyjnego modelu nadpopulacji w warstwach. Dla tego modelu zaprezentowany jest także predyktor typu BLU. Wyprowadzone są wzory opisujące wariancje predykcji obu predyktorów dla wspomnianego modelu nadpopulacji. Dla obu predyktorów rozważany jest także problem nieprawidłowej specyfikacji modelu nadpopulacji i dla tego przypadku wyprowadzone są błędy średniokwadratowe predykcji. Porównanie dokładności obu predyktorów wsparte jest analizą symulacyjną.

Źródło:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2005, 194
0208-6018
2353-7663

Pojawia się w:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 51.

Tytuł:

An expert discussion on male and female experiences of conversion to Islam – socio-pedagogical implications in the European context

Autorzy:

Katarzyna, Gorak-Sosnowska,
Gabriela, Bartoszewicz, Monika

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890367.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018-07-25

Wydawca:

Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS

Tematy:

Islam
conversion
bias
social 'othering'
prison
rejection
religion
Europe

Opis:

This paper is a non-conventional academic paper based on a live discussion organized by the Polish expert on Saudi women’s issues, Professor Anna Odrowaz-Coates (2015, 2016), which took place in The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, in June 2018. Two participating experts are known for their conflicting points of view on issues of security and integration of Muslims in Europe. In this exchange of viewpoints, they focussed on the issue of conversion to Islam in Poland and the UK, drawing upon multiple field research experiences they encountered. The main points of reference deal with the conversion of British prisoners whilst in prison and that of Polish women of diverse backgrounds. The impact of new media on the formation of public opinion, dissemination of faith and radicalization is also considered. The expert debate makes a significant contribution towards the socio-cultural and political discussion on culture clash versus coherence, integration and stability in a European context. It also concerns the use of new communication technology for the preservation of peace, radicalization and the elevation of moral panic

Źródło:

International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2018, 5(1); 44-49
2392-0092

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 52.

Tytuł:

Population Variability and Heat Bias Prediction of Africa from 2019 to 2049: An Approach to Sustainable Continental Heat Management

Autorzy:

Nwaerema, Peace
Diagi, Bridget Edewede
Edokpa, David
Ajiere, Suzan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1066299.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN

Tematy:

Africa
countries
heat bias
land mass
population
population density

Opis:

This research assesses population variability and heat bias prediction of Africa from 2019 to 2049. Heat bias data were generated from Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division and projected up to 2049 using the population mathematical model. With different population growth rates of African countries, the Continent recorded annual heat bias of 6.7 ºC in 2019, 6.7 ºC in 2029 and 6.8 ºC in 2039 as well as 6.9 ºC in 2049 with decadal growth rate of 0.1 ºC indicating that it has exceeded the 0.5-0.25 ºC standard comfort threshold. In Africa, the countries with highest heat bias are Nigeria (6.1 ºC), Ethiopia (5.9 ºC), Egypt (5.8 ºC) and Democratic Republic of Congo (5.8 ºC). Country with highest population density was Mayotte at 510 P/Km2 and 4.0 ºC heat bias, Mauritius was the second country with high population density of 626 P/Km2 and 4.5 ºC heat bias. Rwanda ranked third with population density of 519P/Km2 and 5.2 ºC heat bias; Comoros and Burundi had population density of 457 P/Km2 and 451 P/Km2 as well as heat bias of 4.3 ºC and 5.2 ºC respectively. Countries with very low population density were Western Sahara (2P/Km2 and 4.2 ºC heat bias), Namibia (3 P/Km2 and 4.7 ºC heat bias), Libya (5.0 ºC) and Botswana (4.7 ºC) both having population density of 4 P/Km2. Results show that heat bias in Africa does not differ across the decades. Also, the climatic characteristics operating on the land of Africa influence heat bias of the continent. Heat wave could result to death of people in Africa; therefor planners in Africa should implement environmental, health and land-use management strategies with immediate action in order to make Africa a heat bias free place to live.

Źródło:

World Scientific News; 2019, 130; 265-285
2392-2192

Pojawia się w:

World Scientific News

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 53.

Tytuł:

Measuring Impedances of DC-biased Inductors by Using Vector Network Analyzers

Autorzy:

Asmanis, G.
Stepins, D.
Asmanis, A.
Ribickis, L.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226614.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

vector network analyzer
impedance
inductor
measurements
accuracy
bias tee

Opis:

This paper is devoted to a detailed experimentally based analysis of applicability of vector network analyzers for measuring impedance of surface mount inductors with and without DC bias. The measurements are made using custom-made bias tees and a test fixture with an ordinary vector network analyzer. The main attention in the analysis is focused on measurement accuracy of an impedance of surface mount inductors. Measurement results obtained with a vector network analyzer will also be compared to those obtained by using an impedance analyzer based on auto-balancing bridge method.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 3; 375-380
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 54.

Tytuł:

Some linear regression type ratio exponential estimators for estimating the population mean based on quartile deviation and deciles

Autorzy:

Prasad, Shakti

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059039.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-12-04

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Bias
Mean square error (MSE)
Auxiliary variable
Relative Efficiency (%)

Opis:

This paper deals some linear regression type ratio exponential estimators for estimating the population mean using the known values of quartile deviation and deciles of an auxiliary variable in survey sampling. The expressions of the bias and the mean square error of the suggested estimators have been derived. It was compared with the usual mean, usual ratio (Cochran (1977)), Kadilar and Cingi (2004, 2006) and Subzar et al. (2017) estimators. After comparison, the condition which makes the suggested estimators more efficient than others is found. To verify the theoretical results, numerical results are performed on two natural population data sets.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2020, 21, 5; 85-98
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 55.

Tytuł:

Estimation of product of two population means by multiauxiliary characters under double sampling the non-respondents

Autorzy:

Khare, B. B.
Sinha, R. R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193073.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-08-30

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

product
bias
mean square error
auxiliary characters
non-response

Opis:

This paper considers the problem of estimating the product of two population means using the information on multi-auxiliary characters with double sampling the non-respondents. Classes of estimators are proposed for estimating P under two different situations [discussed by Rao (1986, 90)] using known population mean of multi-auxiliary characters. Further, this problem has been extended to the case when population means of the auxiliary characters are unknown and they are estimated on the basis of a larger first phase sample. In this situation, a class of two phase sampling estimators for estimating P is suggested using multi-auxiliary characters with unknown population means in the presence of non-response. The expressions of bias and mean square error of all the proposed estimators are derived and their properties are studied. An empirical study using real data sets is given to justify the theoretical considerations.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2019, 20, 3; 81-95
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 56.

Tytuł:

Rzeczywistości równoległe – wizerunek kandydatów na urząd Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej w 2020 roku w „Gazecie Wyborczej” i „Naszym Dzienniku”
Parallel realities – the image of the candidates for the President of the Republic of Poland in 2020 in "Gazeta Wyborcza" and "Nasz Dziennik"

Autorzy:

Krupa, Jakub

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30098290.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie

Tematy:

Andrzej Duda
image
media bias
presidential election
Rafał Trzaskowski

Opis:

Artykuł poświecony jest sposobowi, w jaki środki masowego przekazu - w zależności od bliskości ideologicznej - prezentują kandydatów na urząd Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Media, tworząc własne uniwersa symboliczne, kształtują w swoich odbiorcach gotowe schematy interpretacyjne eliminujące potrzebę samodzielnego myślenia i chęć dochodzenia do prawdy o rzeczywistości empirycznej. W artykule dokonano analizy wyborów prezydenckich w Polsce (2020) - zbadano wizerunki polityków, którzy walczyli o głosy w II turze wyborów, tj. Andrzej Duda i Rafał Trzaskowski. W badaniu uwzględniono dwa dzienniki ogólnopolskie: „Gazetę Wyborczą” i „Nasz Dziennik” wydawane w okresie od 29 czerwca 2020 r. do 11 lipca 2020 r. W artykule postawiono hipotezę, że analizowane dzienniki nie ukrywały swojej sympatii dla określonego kandydata i wyrażały stosunek krytyczny wobec jego konkurenta, a także, że analizowane dzienniki ogólnopolskie częściej zawierały teksty krytyczne lub afirmatywne niż ambiwalentne lub neutralne. W artykule wykorzystano zarówno metody ilościowe, jak i jakościowe.
This article is about the image of politicians created by mass media, which differs depending on ideological closeness between the candidate and media. Media, creating their own symbolic universes, form in consumers premade interpretative schemes, which eliminate need of individual thinking and will to recognize the truth about empirical reality. The author made use of presidential election in Poland, which took place in 2020, and the two candidates who made it to the second round: Andrzej Duda and Rafał Trzaskowski. The author took into consideration two national dailies: “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Nasz Dziennik” issued between 29th June 2020 and 11th July 2020. This article introduces a hypothesis which claims that the analysed dailies did not hide their sympathy for a particular candidate and were critical towards his competitor and the analyzed national dailies more often include critical or affirmative texts than ambivalent or neutral ones. In this article both quantitative and qualitative methods were used.

Źródło:

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica; 2021, 26, 336; 54-63
2081-3333

Pojawia się w:

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 57.

Tytuł:

Chosen Aspects of Political Media Bias in Ukrainian Nationwide TV Channels (November 2020–April 2021)
Wybrane aspekty stronniczości politycznej w ogólnokrajowych ukraińskich kanałach telewizyjnych (listopad 2020–kwiecień 2021)

Autorzy:

Rajczyk, Robert A.
Piechota, Grażyna
Lytvynenko, Volodymyr
Grydchyna, Viktoriia
Kantur, Oleksandr

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25806015.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Crimea
Ukraine
Donbas
media bias
Krym
Ukraina
stronniczość medialna

Opis:

The main aim of the paper is to set up the level of media bias influence on the agenda of news programs in TV channels: 1+1, Ukraine, ICTV, Inter, Kanal 5, and UA: Pershyi. Two issues were taken into consideration: Joint Forces Operation in Donbas, and Ukraine and Russian Federation’s relations. Those stand for the socio-political division of the society in Ukraine before February 24, 2022. It was found that the agenda does not differ in terms of content, but in terms of gradation not dictated by political inclinations. Political partiality in displaying or refraining from publishing journalistic materials, in relation to the main axis of the socio-political division in Ukraine, did not occur in the analyzed period. It means that the agenda considered to be pro-Russian or pro-Ukrainian based on the provenance of their owners, is neither characterized by tonality bias (the evaluation of political actors), visibility bias (the salience of political actors), nor agenda bias (the extent to which parties address preferred issues in media coverage).
Głównym celem artykułu jest ustalenie poziomu wpływu stronniczości mediów na agendę programów informacyjnych w kanałach telewizyjnych: 1+1, Ukraina, ICTV, Inter, Kanal 5 i UA: Pershyi. Wzięto pod uwagę następujące kwestie: strefę konfrontacji rosyjsko-ukraińskiej w Donbasie oraz relacje Ukrainy z Federacją Rosyjską. Odzwierciedlają one społeczno-polityczny podział społeczeństwa na Ukrainie przed 24 lutego 2022 r. Stwierdzono, że agendy stacji nie różnią się treścią, ale rozplanowaniem informacji niepodyktowanym zapatrywaniami politycznymi. W analizowanym okresie nie wystąpiła stronniczość polityczna w publikowaniu lub powstrzymywaniu się od publikowania materiałów publicystycznych w stosunku do głównej osi podziału społeczno-politycznego na Ukrainie. Oznacza to, że program uznawany ze względu na pochodzenie właścicieli stacji za prorosyjski lub proukraiński nie charakteryzuje się ani stronniczością tonalną (ocena aktorów politycznych), ani stronniczością widoczności (wyróżnianie aktorów politycznych), ani stronniczością agendy (zakres, w jakim strony poruszają preferowane kwestie w mediach).

Źródło:

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2023, 80; 42-59
1505-2192

Pojawia się w:

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 58.

Tytuł:

'I don’t fit this intercultural profile. I am kind of different.' a Critical Reflection on the Possible Effect of Cultural Attribution Bias in Intercultural Competence Assessment Materials Design

Autorzy:

Muszyńska, Barbara
Ditze, Stephan-Alexander

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409237.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Dolnośląski DSW. Wydawnictwo Naukowe DSW

Tematy:

intercultural profile
minority students
IC assessment
cultural attribution bias

Opis:

This article aims to report data from the implementation of intercultural competence assessment activities conducted in a secondary school in Germany. The study involved qualitative content analysis and critical reflection as a method of inquiry. The findings show that the design of the intercultural profile task in the Assessor Manual used in the study reflects Cultural Attribution Bias (CAB) which may contribute to false end results when working with young people from diverse backgrounds. Such materials may implicitly and unwittingly support bias and, what is more, socialize learners into accepting it. Bearing that in mind, the teachers’ ability to think and reflect critically on the effectiveness of different assessment activities and tools used with students is crucial in organizing the education process and for the well-being of the students.

Źródło:

Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja; 2023, 25, 2(94); 47-64
1505-8808
2450-3428

Pojawia się w:

Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 59.

Tytuł:

Bałtyckie rejsy badawcze jako podstawa oceny rozmieszczenia i liczebności rekrutujących pokoleń dorszy, śledzi, szprotów i storni.
Baltic research surveys as a basis for the evaluation of distribution and abundance of cod, herring, sprat and flounder from recruiting year-classes.

Autorzy:

Grygiel, Włodzimierz
Radtke, Krzysztof
Mirny, Zuzanna
Wyszyński, Mirosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/2118939.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Morski Instytut Rybacki - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

południowy Bałtyk
rejsy BITS i BIAS
młode ryby
występowanie
urodzajność pokoleń
southern Baltic
BITS and BIAS surveys
young fishes
occurrence
abundance of recruits

Opis:

Urodzajność i rozmieszczenie bałtyckich dorszy, śledzi, szprotów i storni ulegają corocznym zmianom, przez co wpływają na liczebność (biomasę) stad i konieczność ich systematycznych badań. Z tego względu badania ryb wymagają okresowych powtórzeń w ramach systematycznie realizowanych rejsów typu BITS (Baltic International Trawl Survey) i BIAS (Baltic International Acoustic Survey). Materiały uzyskane w trakcie ww. rejsów pochodzą z niesortowanych wstępnie połowów (bez odrzutów), są niezależne od lokalnych i bieżących preferencji rybołówstwa komercyjnego. Pozyskiwane są mało selektywnymi narzędziami, a zatem obejmują większy zakres długości ryb niż w wyładunkach handlowych. Wydajność w połowach badawczych, w odróżnieniu od danych z połowów floty kutrowo-łodziowej, odzwierciedla zmiany urodzajności pokoleń już na wczesnym etapie rozwoju osobniczego ryb. Przedstawiono wyniki polskich (MIR – PIB) i częściowo międzynarodowych (ICES – WGBIFS, WGBFAS) rejsów typu BITS i BIAS, głównie w latach 2014-2015, dotyczące zmian liczebności nowych pokoleń i ich rozmieszczenia. Analizowano również względny udział młodych dorszy, śledzi, szprotów i storni poniżej minimalnego wymiaru handlowego (ochronnego) w liczebności prób z polskich połowów badawczych w latach 2005-2015. Wielkość przyłowu młodych ryb przyjęto jako przybliżony wskaźnik ich urodzajności. Zakres średniego udziału „niewymiaru” dorszy w grupie czterech omawianych gatunków był najwyższy i wynosił 52-90, 22-69 i 53-83% odpowiednio w lutym-marcu, wrześniu-październiku i listopadzie. Różnice w wartości ww. parametru między 25 i 26 podobszarem ICES w odniesieniu do dorszy nie były znaczące, natomiast były różne w kolejnych latach, co niewątpliwie miało związek z urodzajnością nowych pokoleń. W grupie rekrutujących pokoleń 1989-2013 dorszy dużą wydajnością połowową w 2 grupie wieku w Basenie Bornholmskim wyróżniały się roczniki 1991 i 2011-2012, a w Basenie Gdańskim – pokolenia z lat 2000, 2008 i 2010-2012. Wyniki badań MIR – PIB z 2014 r. wskazują, że uzupełnienie dorszy z rocznika 2012 jest oceniane jako bardzo urodzajne w porównaniu z liczebnością pokoleń z lat 1987-2005.
The abundance and distribution of the Baltic cod, herring, sprat and flounder are subjected to annual changes and hence they affect the size (biomass) of stocks and the need for their systematic research. Consequently, the studies of fishes require periodic repetitions within systematically conducted surveys, like BITS (Baltic International Trawl Survey) and BIAS (Baltic International Acoustic Survey). Materials obtained in the course of the above-mentioned surveys originate from unsorted catches (no discards), and are independent of local and current preferences of commercial fisheries. They are obtained with non-selective fishing gears, and therefore include a broader range of fish lengths than in case of commercial landings. The efficiency of research catches, in contrast to data from the small-scale fleet catches, reflects the changes in abundance of year-classes at an early stage of the individual development of the fishes. The results of Polish (NMFRI) and partly international (ICES – WGBIFS, WGBFAS) surveys of BITS and BIAS types, conducted mainly in 2014-2015, concerning changes in the abundance of new generations and their distribution have been presented. The relative numerical share of young cod, herring, sprat and flounder, below the minimum commercial size (protective size), in the samples from the Polish research catches in 2005-2015 were also analyzed. The share of young fishes’ by-catch was assumed as an approximate indicator of new year- -classes abundance. The range of the average share of cod below the minimum landing size in the group of the four discussed species was the highest and amounted to 52-90%, 22-69% and 53-83%, in February-March, September-October and November, respectively. The differences in the value of the above parameter between the ICES Sub-divisions 25 and 26, with respect to cod were not significant, but were different in the subsequent years, which undoubtedly was related to the fertility of new generations. In the group of cod recruits of 1989-2013, high catch efficiency for age group 2 in the Bornholm Basin was noted for year-classes 1991 and 2011-2012, and in the Gdańsk Basin for year-classes from years 2000, 2008 and 2010-2012. The results of the NMFRI studies from 2014 indicate that recruitment of cod from year-class 2012 is assessed as very abundant in comparison with the abundance of generations from years 1987-2005.

Źródło:

95-lecie Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego: aktualne tematy badań naukowych. Tom I. Zasoby ryb i rybołówstwo; 19-34
9788361650164

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 60.

Tytuł:

Models for survey nonresponse and bias adjustment techniques

Autorzy:

Ayhan, H. Öztaş

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18105172.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-06-13

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

response rate
nonresponse bias
nonresponse rate
sample survey
survey error

Opis:

Survey statisticians have been dealing with the issues of nonresponse in sample surveys for many years. Due to the complex nature of the mechanism, so far it has not been easy to find a general solution to this problem. In this paper, several aspects of this topic will be elaborated on: the survey unit nonresponse bias has been examined alternatively by taking response amounts which are fixed initially and also by taking the response amounts as random variables. An overview of the components of the bias due to nonresponse will be performed. Nonresponse bias components are illustrated for each alternative approach and the amount of bias was computed for each case.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 3; 139-149
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 61.

Tytuł:

Real-Time vs. Full-Sample Performance of One-Sided and Two-Sided HP Filters. An Application to 27 EU Member States GDP Data

Autorzy:

Ganev, Kaloyan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075476.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

One-sided and two-sided Hodrick-Prescott filters
endpoint bias

Opis:

The paper makes a comparison of the results of the application of two-sided and one-sided versions of the Hodrick-Prescott filter on GDP data concerning 27 EU Member States. Based on the results, the overall finding is that, contrary to its assumed advantages, the one-sided filter does not help overcome endpoint unbiasedness. Quite the opposite, it rather spreads and consolidates the endpoint bias that plagues the two-sided version over the entire filtered data. In addition, regression-based results on the influence of the second, third, and fourth moments of the GDP acceleration rates on the differences between one- sided and two-sided HP trends are presented.

Źródło:

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2020, 3; 251-272
2080-0886
2080-119X

Pojawia się w:

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 62.

Tytuł:

Voting Advice Applications as tools for researching and influencing voters: agenda setting and framing in European VAAs

Autorzy:

Lorenc, Katarzyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075491.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN

Tematy:

European Parliament elections
Voting Advice Applications
agenda setting
bias
framing

Opis:

Voting Advice Applications are getting more and more popular throughout Europe and a lot of research prove that they have effects both on turnout and decisions of the electorate. This paper brings up the issue of possible agenda setting and framing effects which occur during the process of statements choice and construction in four European VAAs. Its aim is to check whether the statements are well-balanced or whether they suggest users a certain ideology, which is vital because if such an ideological bias is present in the Voting Advice Applications, it may influence the voters’ political decisions. The research also checks whether the statements focus on the European levels of elections or include also internal political conflicts as well as what the main topics covered by the VAAs are. The outcomes prove that the bias in the medium of Voting Advice Applications is noteworthy, especially when it comes to pro-/anti-European Union dimension. The research also proves that there are a lot of statements which did not focus on the European level of the election as well as shows a map of dominant topics present in all European VAAs.

Źródło:

World Scientific News; 2019, 129; 72-84
2392-2192

Pojawia się w:

World Scientific News

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 63.

Tytuł:

The effect of metacognitive self on confirmation bias revealed in relation to community and competence

Autorzy:

Brycz, Hanna
Wyszomirska-Góra, Magdalena
Bar-Tal, Yoram
Wiśniewski, Piotr

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430841.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-09-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

metacognitive self
social perception
community
competence
cognitive biases
confirmation bias

Opis:

The main goal of our study was to investigate the role of insight into one’s own biases (metacognitive self) in the process of hypothesis validation in accordance to the two fundamental social perception domains (community and competence) on the example of confirmation bias. The study was conducted on a group of 593 participants with the use of a confirmation bias procedure, a free recall procedure and the Metacognitive Self scale. We manipulated with the domain and the value of information given to the respondents. We suspected that individuals with a high metacognitive self, in opposition to low metacognitive self ones, would not process the given information according to the two fundamental social perception domains. The results verified the existence of an interaction effect of the metacognitive self (MCS) and the domain of the information given about a perceived person on the susceptibility to follow the confirmation bias. Contrary to the low metacognitive self individuals, who show a higher tendency for the confirmation bias within the competence than the community domain, persons with a high insight into their own biases express the same level of confirmation bias in no respect to the domain of the information. The value of the information has no significant influence.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 3; 306-311
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 64.

Tytuł:

A Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator of Finite Population Mean in Systematic Sampling

Autorzy:

Tailor, Rajesh
Jatwa, Narendra K.
Singh, Housila P.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465754.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

systematic sampling ratio-cum-product estimator
bias
mean squared error

Opis:

In this paper we consider the problem of estimation of population mean using information on two auxiliary variables in systematic sampling. We have extended Singh (1967) estimator for estimation of population mean in systematic sampling. We have derived the expressions for the bias and mean squared error of the suggested estimator up to the first degree of approximation. We have compared the suggested estimator with existing estimators and obtained the conditions under which the suggested estimator is more efficient. An empirical study has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the suggested estimator.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2014, 15, 3; 391-398
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 65.

Tytuł:

Relacjonowanie polityki w „Wiadomościach” TVP1 po wyborach parlamentarnych w 2015 roku: obiektywne czy stronnicze?
Coverage of politics in Wiadomości TVP1 after the parliamentary elections in 2015: balanced or biased?

Autorzy:

Klepka, Rafał

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514584.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych

Tematy:

media bias
coverage of politics
content analysis
eastern European media

Opis:

Existence of free media is one of the most important feature of democratic system. Since the collapse of the communist system in 1990s, Central and Eastern European societies have been overtaken by a process of change. Media system change was part of the general process of what may be called systemic social transformation. The main goals of free media in Central and Eastern European were: introduction and legitimization of the concepts of democracy, rule of law and constitutionalism as much as concepts of political pluralism, competition and new political parties and candidates as legitimate competitors. Unfortunately in post-communist countries media have not yet reached a state of full independence from the current interests of political parties. In this study there is case of Poland analyzed. After Polish parliamentary election in 2015 there have been changes in public television. The article presents the results of media content analysis of “Wiadomości” TVP1. In first research there is comparison how “Wiadomości” and “Fakty” coverage the same political events. In second research there is comparison how “Wiadomości” coverage politics in 2015 and after parliamentary election in 2015. The purpose of the research was to evaluate if the politics coverage became more balanced or more biased.

Źródło:

Political Preferences; 2017, 17; 155-172
2449-9064

Pojawia się w:

Political Preferences

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 66.

Tytuł:

Rady polityki fiskalnej jako narzędzie poprawy jakości polityki fiskalnej
Fiscal Policy Councils as a Tool for Improving the Quality of the Fiscal Policy

Autorzy:

Janikowski, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/595807.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe

Tematy:

Public finance sustainability, public debt, deficit, deficit bias, fiscal rules

Opis:

Practice shows that politicians have a strong bias towards excessive deficits, and actual fiscal policy is often distant from the optimum described in the economics textbooks. Sub-optimal fiscal policy was one of the main factors that contributed to the depth of the economic downturn in some euro area countries during the global financial crisis. Fiscal rules were supposed to prevent such problems, but in practice, they failed. Their low efficiency prompts more and more economists to support the idea of fiscal policy councils – collegial bodies whose task is to improve the quality of the budgetary policy. According to International Monetary Fund data, 39 such councils now operate in the world. The purpose of this article is to present the concepts of fiscal policy councils discussed in the literature of the subject, analyze the characteristics of the councils currently operating, and to describe the experiences from their activities so far. The study uses the latest data from the International Monetary Fund’s Fiscal Council Dataset. The author also analyses what would be the best way of introducing a fiscal council in Poland.
Praktyka życia gospodarczego pokazuje, że politycy mają silną skłonność do zaciągania nadmiernych deficytów budżetowych, a rzeczywista polityka fiskalna często daleko odbiega od wzorca opisanego w podręcznikach ekonomii. Błędy w polityce fiskalnej były jednym z głównych czynników, które wpłynęły na głębokość załamania gospodarczego w niektórych krajach strefy euro w trakcie globalnego kryzysu finansowego. Teoretycznie przed tego typu błędami miały chronić reguły fiskalne, ale w praktyce zawiodły. Ich niska skuteczność skłania coraz więcej ekonomistów do poparcia koncepcji rad polityki fiskalnej – organów kolegialnych, których zadaniem ma być dbanie o wysoką jakość polityki budżetowej. Zgodnie z danymi MFW na świecie działa obecnie 39 takich rad. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja koncepcji działania rad polityki fiskalnej dyskutowanych w literaturze przedmiotu, przedstawienie cech obecnie działających rad oraz opis doświadczeń z ich dotychczasowego działania. W badaniu wykorzystano najnowsze dane z bazy MFW1. Autor analizuje również, jaki byłby optymalny sposób wprowadzenia rady fiskalnej do polskiego porządku prawnego.

Źródło:

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 107; 253-280
0081-6841

Pojawia się w:

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 67.

Tytuł:

Effect of impulse bias potential to formation of wear-proof coating deposited from plasma fluxes

Autorzy:

Breus, A.
Pavlenko, V.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/197392.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej

Tematy:

plasma deposition
nanostructured coating
impulse bias
pokrycie plazmowe
powłoka nanostrukturalna

Opis:

Plasma-based technology is used to deposit a wear-proof nanostructured coating on plunger tappets of pump of aviation oil system block, which allows increasing the life of the parts up to 3–5 times. For the nanostructured coatings, which are formed at the impulse bias supply, the electric field strength is 103 -104 times greater than for the microstructured coatings. It results in significant change of activation energy of the process of strong bond formation in the growing coating, which makes it possible to obtain high qualitative characteristics of the coating.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2016, 92; 17-22
0209-3324
2450-1549

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 68.

Tytuł:

Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Illusions – The Experience of Poland

Autorzy:

Panfil, Przemysław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091831.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-10-28

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych

Tematy:

deficit bias
public debt
fiscal sustainability
fiscal rules
fiscal illusions

Opis:

The aim of this article is to provide the synthetic presentation of over twenty years of Poland’s experience in establishing and obeying the system of fiscal rules. This experience depicts the scale of problems entailed by public authorities’ low determination as regards observance of constraints imposed on them. Therefore, it is necessary to substantially reinforce the budgetary frameworks in Poland with the use of the best European models. Firstly, the ESA 2010 standards should be fully implemented into the Polish legal order. Secondly, the Polish system of fiscal rules should be complemented with the budget balance rule, which would make it easier to achieve and maintain a medium-term budgetary objective defined by the EU regulations. Thirdly, a fiscal institution should be established, which would allow for constant and independent of the government monitoring of the observance of fiscal rules. Such institutional changes would make it possible to constrain the discretionary nature of the fiscal policy and, consequently, would increase Poland’s fiscal sustainability in the medium and long term. The basic research methods used in this paper are dogmatic analysis and comparative legal analysis.

Źródło:

Financial Law Review; 2021, 24, 4; 24-42
2299-6834

Pojawia się w:

Financial Law Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 69.

Tytuł:

Propaganda against the West in the Heart of Europe. A masked offi cial state campaign in Hungary

Autorzy:

Demeter, Márton

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471326.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej

Tematy:

political communication
anti-Western propaganda
media bias
populism
migrant crisis

Opis:

There is a twofold crisis in Europe: While mass migration is a serious challenge to the whole EU, we also have member-states striking at the EU itself. Our research shows that Hungary, with its overwhelming political communication, became the first post-socialist EU member state to run official anti-Western propaganda since the end of the Cold War and it seems that other CEEcountries will follow its lead. The campaign does not go against Brussels directly: the real message is hidden between the lines. We analyzed 644 pro-government articles on migration issues. The research shows that anti-Brussels narratives were strikingly frequent, and a new “war vocabulary” propaganda campaign started, stating that the EU is fighting against Hungary, so Hungary has to strike back

Źródło:

Central European Journal of Communication; 2018, 11, 2/21; 177-197
1899-5101

Pojawia się w:

Central European Journal of Communication

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 70.

Tytuł:

Post-Stapelian psychology. Discussions on the reliability of data and publications in psychology

Autorzy:

Budzicz, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127886.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-04-05

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

fraud in psychology
Diederik Stapel
“false-positive psychology”
publication bias

Opis:

In 2011, Diederik Stapel’s fraud was discovered. It turned out that not only did Stapel forge data but also journals failed to notice many obvious errors and encouraged distortions (e.g., not reporting studies with non-significant results). Simultaneously, Simmons et al. (2011) published an article dedicated to questionable research practices that could significantly increase the number of false-positive results through arbitrary decisions pertaining to data analysis and presentation. Shortly after, there appeared results of studies suggesting that a large number of researchers confess to such practices and that they are, in fact, commonly accepted. These events sparked off a wide debate about the reliability of data in psychology. The author of the present paper discusses the most important points of this debate, showing how the low level of theoretical maturity, the lack of consensus on the rules of applying research techniques and interpreting results, and the unrealistic demands of editors of empirical journals may have contributed to this crisis.

Źródło:

Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2015, 18, 1; 25-40
1507-7888

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Psychologiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 71.

Tytuł:

Sprawcy przemocy motywowanej uprzedzeniami wobec cudzoziemców

Autorzy:

Klaus, Witold

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788423.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-06-22

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

przestępstwa motywowane uprzedzeniami
przemoc na tle uprzedzeń
przemoc przeciw cudzoziemcom
sprawcy przemocy motywowanej uprzedzeniami
bias crimes
biased violence
violence against immigrants
perpetrators of bias crimes

Opis:

The level of biases and xenophobic attitudes in a society is influenced mostly by the fear towards immigrants and their influx instead of the real number of immigrants residing in a particular country. That’s why the level of bias towards the Others is much higher in homogeneous societies. The results of Polish opinion polls research on bias attitudes of our society towards Muslims or immigrants echo these findings. In the criminological research we find strong relations between xenophobic attitudes of the family of the perpetrator and acts of bias violence committed by the latter. Biased crimes are usually committed by young males (under 25 years old), and the main motivation of their actions is either thrill (usually connected with the consumption of alcohol) or specifically understood defence of their community from the Others and their presence. An important factor of the perpetrators’ behaviour is also the conviction that no one will stand up for the victims, neither the police, nor the society.
Na poziom uprzedzeń i ksenofobii w społeczeństwach wpływa nie tyle liczba imigrantów, którzy mieszkają w danym kraju, a raczej poczucie zagrożenia, jakie panuje w danym społeczeństwie przed napływem imigrantów. Stąd poziom uprzedzeń jest wyższy w tych społeczeństwach, które są bardziej homogeniczne. Potwierdzają to wyniki badań nad polskimi uprzedzeniami w stosunku do muzułmanów czy ogólnie wobec imigrantów. Badania kryminologiczne pokazują silny związek między ksenofobicznymi postawami rodziny sprawców a popełnianiem przez nich czynów na tle uprzedzeń. Sprawcami tych czynów są przede wszystkim działający w grupie młodzi mężczyźni (poniżej 25 lat), a podstawowymi motywacjami ich czynów jest poszukiwanie wrażeń (połączone ze spożyciem alkoholu) czy też specyficznie rozumiana próba ochrony społeczeństwa przed napływem Obcych. Ważnym motorem działań sprawców jest także przekonanie, że za pokrzywdzonymi nikt się nie ujmie – ani policja, ani społeczeństwo. The level of biases and xenophobic attitudes in a society is influenced mostly by the fear towards immigrants and their influx instead of the real number of immigrants residing in a particular country. That’s why the level of bias towards the Others is much higher in homogeneous societies. The results of Polish opinion polls research on bias attitudes of our society towards Muslims or immigrants echo these findings. In the criminological research we find strong relations between xenophobic attitudes of the family of the perpetrator and acts of bias violence committed by the latter. Biased crimes are usually committed by young males (under 25 years old), and the main motivation of their actions is either thrill (usually connected with the consumption of alcohol) or specifically understood defence of their community from the Others and their presence. An important factor of the perpetrators’ behaviour is also the conviction that no one will stand up for the victims, neither the police, nor the society.

Źródło:

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2016, 23; 57-78
2084-5375

Pojawia się w:

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 72.

Tytuł:

Sampling Properties of Estimators of Nucleotide Diversity at Discovered snp Sites

Autorzy:

Renwick, A.
Bonnen, P. E.
Trikka, D.
Nelson, D. L.
Chakraborty, R.
Kimmel, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908150.pdf

Data publikacji:

2003

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza

Tematy:

genetyka
statystyka
single nucleotide polymorphisms
ascertainment bias
nucleotide diversity
molecular evolution

Opis:

SNP sites are generally discovered by sequencing regions of the human genome in a limited number of individuals. This may leave SNP sites present in the region, but containing rare mutant nucleotides, undetected. Consequently, estimates of nucleotide diversity obtained from assays of detected SNP sites are biased. In this research we present a statistical model of the SNP discovery process, which is used to evaluate the extent of this bias. This model involves the symmetric Beta distribution of variant frequencies at SNP sites, with an additional probability that there is no SNP at any given site. Under this model of allele frequency distributions at SNP sites, we show that nucleotide diversity is always underestimated. However, the extent of bias does not seem to exceed 10-15% for the analyzed data. We find that our model of allele frequency distributions at SNP sites is consistent with SNP statistics derived based on new SNP data at ATM, BLM, RQL and WRN gene regions. The application of the theory to these new SNP data as well as to the literature data at the LPL gene region indicates that in spite of ascertainment biases, the observed differences of nucleotide diversity across these gene regions are real. This provides interesting evidence concerning the heterogeneity of the rates of nucleotide substitution across the genome.

Źródło:

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2003, 13, 3; 385-394
1641-876X
2083-8492

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 73.

Tytuł:

Effects of air-to-pulp ratio and bias factor on flotation of complex cu-zn sulphide ore in the Jameson cell

Autorzy:

Gursoy, Y. H.
Oteyaka, B.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110799.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Tematy:

air-to-pulp ratio
bias factor
Jameson cell
flotation
hold-up

Opis:

The air-to-pulp ratio and bias factor are important operating parameters in the Jameson flotation cell. These parameters have significant effect on micro-events taking place between particles and bubbles in flotation, and hence on flotation performance. In this study, the possibilities of obtaining a Cu-Zn rich bulk concentrate from complex sulphide ore from the Cayeli region (Turkey) were investigated using the lab-scale Jameson cell. The effect of air-to-pulp ratio and bias factor on flotation recovery were also studied. The ore has problematic flotation behaviour due to very fine liberation size and oxidation. The results showed that the Cu-Zn rich bulk concentrate can be obtained from the ore with satisfactory grade and recovery. It was determined that the air-to-pulp ratio and bias factor have significant effect on the flotation recovery. The optimum values of air-to-pulp ratio and bias factor in flotation of rather fine sized minerals were determined to be within the range of 1-1.5 and 0.70-0.95, respectively.

Źródło:

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 2; 511-519
1643-1049
2084-4735

Pojawia się w:

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 74.

Tytuł:

Evaluation of Uncertainty of Phase Difference Determination in Presence of Bias

Autorzy:

Saranovac, L. V.
Vučijak, N. M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221324.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

sinusoidal electrical signals
phase difference
bias
uncertainty of measurement
MSAL algorithm

Opis:

Determination of the phase difference between two sinusoidal signals with noise components using samples of these signals is of interest in many measurement systems. The samples of signals are processed by one of many algorithms, such as 7PSF, UQDE and MSAL, to determine the phase difference. The phase difference result must be accompanied with estimation of the measurement uncertainty. The following issues are covered in this paper: the MSAL algorithm background, the ways of treating the bias influence on the phase difference result, comparison of results obtained by applying MSAL and the other mentioned algorithms to the same real signal samples, and evaluation of the uncertainty of the phase difference.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2016, 23, 4; 603-614
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 75.

Tytuł:

Wybrane postawy uczestników rynku wobec braków informacyjnych na rynku nieruchomości
Selected attitudes of market participants with respect to information gaps in real estate market

Autorzy:

Brzezicka, Justyna
Wiśniewski, Radosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570004.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

Tematy:

real estate market
information gaps
conformity
heuristic availability
self-attribution bias

Opis:

The present article deals with selected attitudes of market participants with respect to information gaps in real estate market. Real estate markets have recently become “active players” on an international scale. This situation leads to a careful observation of phenomena that occur on real estate markets. Nonetheless, information gaps prevent the smooth functioning of the markets in which information serves as a source of many processes. The lack of reliable, complete and current information about real estate prices makes market entities prone to search for the prices and succumb to substitute strategies that compensate the information gaps. The thesis of the present article concentrates on information gaps in the real estate market as favourable conditions for occurring the phenomenon of social influence. The hypothesis was formulated as follows: informational conformity as a factor affecting real estate price. The paper consists of two integral parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part concentrates on the phenomenon of social influence on real estate market which results from information gaps. Furthermore, the concept of social influence has been explained in detail. The phenomenon of social influence is defined as a situation in which entities lack proper knowledge how to react, what decision to take or what position to adopt in a particular contention, thus those entities depend on other people’s knowledge assuming that they know how to behave or that their knowledge is more accurate. As a result, the afore-mentioned entities copy behaviour noticed in others. Moreover, in the theoretical part the concepts of self-attribution bias and heuristic availability have been presented as well as their importance in the system of real estate market. The aim of the practical part was to verify whether the participants of real estate market were influenced by informational conformity. The research was conducted among the students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and Kielce School of Economics, Tourism and Social Sciences. The subject matter was to verify prices of commercial and residential properties in Olsztyn and Kielce and price trends in those markets. In a planned experiment students worked in groups of six (one leader and five participants). Each team was to persuade a leader to accept the price of a particular property and to design a market trend according to the belief of the group. An opinion survey was used as a tool of research. The undertaken study allowed to achieve the research aim and confirm the research hypothesis. The most important conclusions are as follows: information gaps in real estate market contribute to emerging the phenomenon of informational conformity, which is not indifferent to real estate prices and decisions of market participants. Taking into consideration the specificity of the real estate market and the occurrence of other bahavioural factors, a tendency among entities to follow the fo

Źródło:

Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 2(2); 106-121
2353-8929

Pojawia się w:

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 76.

Tytuł:

Lithuanian Parliamentary Election and the Regional Press (2016)

Autorzy:

Mažylė, Jolanta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514628.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych

Tematy:

election campaign
press
voters
pseudo-events
partisanship
bias
agenda-setting
media

Opis:

Although an election campaign is a crucial part of political communication that encompasses much more than just development of media strategies or their implementation during elections, yet most solutions of modern election methods are based on the specifics of mass media. The end recipient of information is misled, if instead of disseminating information about a candidate and his intentions, media outlets provide a distorted image of an election campaign. The image which is created, when politicians seek to attract media attention by using their election methods (such as pseudo-events). Using literary and source analysis, the paper examines the viewpoints of political scientists, sociologists, media and communication theory experts about the process of public information and its particularities during elections. Legal framework regulating political advertising during the elections in Lithuania is presented and the data of the empirical research – the content of the regional press during the 2016 elections to the Seimas (Parliament) of the Republic of Lithuania – is summarised focusing on the behaviour of the regional press. When analysing regional periodicals published during the election campaign, it was intended to ascertain what roles the regional press chose – that of an observer or a watchdog, a provider of information or an analyst, an evaluator. Content analysis of regional press publications published during the election campaign and a sociological survey of media employees helps to determine what roles the media adopted.

Źródło:

Political Preferences; 2017, 14; 63-86
2449-9064

Pojawia się w:

Political Preferences

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 77.

Tytuł:

Analysis of bias of modal parameter estimators
Analiza obciążeń estymatorów parametrów modalnych

Autorzy:

Berczyński, S.
Chmielewski, K.
Chodźko, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176021.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

analiza modalna
estymacja
obciążenie estymatora
modal analysis
estimation
bias of estimator

Opis:

This paper presents an analysis based on a mathematical model of a bias in modal parameter estimators of a machine tool. The analytically determined amplitude-frequency characteristics were disturbed by random noise. The modal parameter estimation process was based on individual characteristics, followed by the determination of a bias in those parameters.
W pracy prowadzono analizę obciążenia estymatorów parametrów modalnych na przykładzie modelu matematycznego obrabiarki. Wyznaczone analitycznie charakterystyki amplitudowo-częstotliwościowe zakłócono szumem losowym. Dokonano estymacji parametrów modalnych na podstawie poszczególnych charakterystyk. Określono stopień ich obciążenia.

Źródło:

Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology; 2012, 36, 3; 19-27
0137-4478

Pojawia się w:

Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 78.

Tytuł:

The size of the substitution bias of inflation measurement in relation to the level of innovativeness of the European Union’s economies
Wielkość obciążenia substytucyjnego pomiaru inflacji w relacji do poziomu innowacyjności gospodarek Unii Europejskiej

Autorzy:

Roszko-Wójtowicz, Elżbieta
Białek, Jacek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425052.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

Tematy:

inflation measurement
substitution bias
innovativeness
innovation indices
cluster analysis
PROFIT method

Opis:

The consumer price index (CPI) is a common measure of inflation. Similarly to the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), it is determined using the Laspeyres index, thus data on the consumption of the basket of goods do not have to be current. The Laspeyres index, using weights only from the base period, may not reflect changes in consumer preferences that occurred in the studied year. This is the reason for the formation of the so-called substitution bias in the measurement of inflation. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the level of innovativeness of a given country’s economy on the occurrence of the substitution effect. The empirical part of the article is based on basic innovation indices, i.e. the SII, IOI, and GII. The assessment of the relationship between the level of innovativeness and the scale of the substitution effect was carried out based on the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis (including cluster analysis, the PROFIT method).

Źródło:

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2018, 22, 4; 79-100
1507-3866

Pojawia się w:

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 79.

Tytuł:

Application of long short term memory neural networks for GPS satellite clock bias prediction

Autorzy:

Gnyś, Piotr
Przestrzelski, Paweł

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1987078.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-12-30

Wydawca:

Politechnika Gdańska

Tematy:

neural networks
LSTM
time series prediction
clock bias
GNSS
machine learning

Opis:

Satellite-based localization systems like GPS or Galileo are one of the most commonly used tools in outdoor navigation. While for most applications, like car navigation or hiking, the level of precision provided by commercial solutions is satisfactory it is not always the case for mobile robots. In the case of long-time autonomy and robots that operate in remote areas battery usage and access to synchronization data becomes a problem. In this paper, a solution providing a real-time onboard clock synchronization is presented. Results achieved are better than the current state-of-the-art solution in real-time clock bias prediction for most satellites.

Źródło:

TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2021, 25, 4; 381-395
1428-6394

Pojawia się w:

TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 80.

Tytuł:

Modified Estimators of Population Variance in Presence of Auxiliary Information

Autorzy:

Tailor, Rajesh
Sharma, Balkishan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465891.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Finite population variance
Bias
Mean squared error Auxiliary information and Efficiency

Opis:

This paper proposes estimator of population variance using information on known parameters of auxiliary variable. The variances of the proposed estimators are obtained. It has been shown that using modified sampling fraction the proposed estimators are more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator of population variance and usual ratio estimator for population variance under certain given conditions. Empirical study is also carried out to demonstrate the merits of the proposed estimators of population variance over other estimators considered in this paper.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2012, 13, 1; 37-46
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 81.

Tytuł:

Leftward Spatial Bias in Dialyzed Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Sign of Right Hemispheric Attentional Activation or Impaired Left-Sided Disengagement?

Autorzy:

Mańkowska, Aleksandra
Heilman, Kenneth
Williamson, John
Biedunkiewicz, Bogdan
Dębska-Ślizień, Alicja
Harciarek, Michał

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124649.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-02-02

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

dialysis
line bisection
attentional bias
attentional disengagement
global attention
focal attention

Opis:

In the horizontal line bisection task, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with dialysis typically have an increase in the normal leftward attentional bias. It is not clear, however, whether this increased bias is related to an increase of attention toward left hemispace or impaired disengagement from left-sided stimuli. Non-demented patients with ESRD who were being treated with dialysis and demographically matched healthy controls attempted to bisect series of horizontal lines composed of two segments of unequal length and width, with the longer segment placed to the right or left. To test for the presence of a global spatial attentional bias, participants attempted to find the middle of the whole line. To test for focal attentional engagement and attentional disengagement, participants were asked to bisect only the longer segment of these compound lines. For the global condition, both patients and healthy controls were biased toward the longer segment and more so to the left. In the focal condition, when the longer segment was on the right side, both groups deviated their bisections toward the shorter segment. However, when in the focal condition the longer segment was on the left healthy controls deviated their bisection significantly more rightwards than did the patients, whereas with the longer segment on the right, the patients and healthy controls did not differ in their bias. These results suggest that the previously recognized dysfunction of the right fronto-subcortical attentional network in dialyzed patients might account for the results of the current study.

Źródło:

Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2021, 24, 3-4; 261-277
1507-7888

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Psychologiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 82.

Tytuł:

Reference class forecasting in Icelandic transport infrastructure projects
Referenzklasse vorhersage in Icelandic infrastruktur projekts

Autorzy:

Fridgeirsson, T. V.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374328.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej

Tematy:

optimism bias
planning fallacies
cost forecasting
reference class forecasting
transportation projects

Opis:

Previous studies have indicated that the majority of infrastructure projects have cost overruns. The root causes are traced to political, technical and psychological reasons at the initial stage of the project. The consequence is either unintentional overoptimistic forecasting of perceived results or calculated interpretation of facts in favour of personal and political interests. These phenomena are called planning fallacies and strategic misrepresentation, respectively. A step-wise procedure to avoid planning fallacies and strategic misrepresentation is called the outside view. The outside view bypasses human biases by using past experience and empirical data from past projects. It has evolved into a professional practice through a method called reference class forecasting which has been shown to provide improved cost forecasting accuracy in the initial stage of a project. The study reported in this paper examined reference class forecasting as a means of improving cost forecasting in the planning stage of the project lifecycle. Data from the Icelandic Road Administration (ICERA) were assembled in a cost forecasting model to determine if it might be possible to improve forecasting accuracy. The results proved inconclusive; however, a comparison with findings from similar projects in the UK showed that although cost overruns followed a similar curve, the chance of occurrence is significantly lower at the planning stage after the decision to proceed has been taken.
Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Mehrheit der Infrastrukturprojekte Kostenüberschreitungen haben. Die Ursachen sind verfolgt zu politischen, technischen und psychologischen Gründen in der Anfangsphase des Projekts. Die Folgen sind entweder unbeabsichtigt zu optimistischen Prognosen der empfundenen Ergebnisse oder berechneten Interpretation von Fakten zugunsten von persönlichen und politischen Interessen. Diese Phänomene werden als Planungs Täuschungen und strategische Täuschung sind. Eine stufenweise Vorgehensweise zu vermeiden Planung Täuschungen und strategische Täuschung ist die Außenansicht aufgerufen. Die Außenansicht umgeht menschliche Vorurteile durch Erfahrungen aus der Vergangenheit und empirischen Daten von früheren Projekten verwendet wird. Es hat sich zu einem professionellen Praxis durch ein Verfahren namens Referenzklasse Prognosen entwickelt, die eine verbesserte Kostenprognosegenauigkeit in der Anfangsphase eines Projekts zu schaffen gezeigt wurde. Die Studie, die in dieser Veröffentlichung untersuchten Referenzklasse Prognose als Mittel zur Kostenprognosen in der Planungsphase des Projektlebenszyklus zu verbessern. Die Daten der isländischen Straßenverwaltung (Iceras) wurden in einem Kostenprognosemodell zusammengebaut, um zu bestimmen, ob es möglich sein könnte, Prognosegenauigkeit zu verbessern. Die Ergebnisse bewiesen nicht schlüssig; aber ein Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen aus ähnlichen Projekten in Großbritannien zeigten, dass, obwohl Kostenüberschreitungen eine ähnliche Kurvegefolgt, die Möglichkeit des Auftretens ist deutlich niedriger in der Planungsphase, nachdem die Entscheidung getroffen wurde, um fortzufahren.

Źródło:

Transport Problems; 2016, 11, 2; 103-115
1896-0596
2300-861X

Pojawia się w:

Transport Problems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 83.

Tytuł:

Some classes of modified ratio type estimators in sample surveys

Autorzy:

Swain, A. K. P. C.
Das, Manjula

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466061.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

ratio type estimator
simple random sampling
bias
mean square error
efficiency

Opis:

In this paper some classes of modified ratio type estimators with additive and multiplicative adjustments made to the simple mean per unit estimator and classical ratio estimator are suggested to obtain more efficient ratio type estimators compared to the classical one. Their biases and mean square errors are obtained and compared with first order approximations.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2015, 16, 1; 37-52
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 84.

Tytuł:

The Trigger Effect: Cognitive Biases and Fake News

Autorzy:

Ostillio, Tommaso

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/600637.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

populism
online media
cognitive bias
impulsive behavior
political discourse
social media

Opis:

This research study focuses on the problem of populistic propaganda online. In particular, this research study provides three case studies gathered in a Facebook Group of the Italian populistic movement Movimento 5 Stelle. On the one hand, the three case studies provide three powerful counterexamples to the thesis that online media are purposeful aggregator of people. In fact, this research study finds that online media are the perfect environment for populism to thrive. For online media seem to foster the aggregation of people into groups whose main common denominator is the total refusal of anything that opposes the groups’ views. On this basis, this paper provides evidence that online media may impoverish democratic confrontation. On the other hand, this paper finds that the one of the causes of the rapid rise of populistic movements in Western countries might also be related to the problem of cognitive biases. Indeed, the case studies presented in the paper posit the existence of something that is addressed as the trigger effect, i.e. agents’ tendency to react impulsively to any kind of content that fits agent’s views about current events. Specifically, this research study finds that the activation of the trigger effect might be a direct consequence of the activation of the narrow framing bias and of the anchoring heuristic in presence of fake news.

Źródło:

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris; 2019, 44, 1; 86-104
1689-4286

Pojawia się w:

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 85.

Tytuł:

Błąd perspektywy czasu a odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza
Hindsight bias and liability for damages

Autorzy:

Zyzik, Radosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531729.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-06-01

Wydawca:

Stowarzyszenie Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej – Sekcja Polska IVR

Tematy:

błąd perspektywy czasu
błąd poznawczy
odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza
psychologia poznawcza
prawo cywilne
filozofia prawa
hindsight bias
cognitive bias
liability for damages
cognitive psychology
civil law
legal philosophy

Opis:

Błąd perspektywy czasu jest jednym z błędów poznawczych, które ludzie popełniają w sposób systematyczny i przewidywalny. Istotą tego błędu jest niezdolność do prawidłowej oceny prawdopodobieństwa przeszłych zdarzeń. Nasza tendencja do ich przeceniania może prowadzić do niepokojących konsekwencji w ramach procedur prawnych, w których kwestie te są rozważane. W analizie skupimy się na ocenie jak błąd perspektywy czasu wpływa na sposób w jaki sędziowie stwierdzają istnienie winy w procedurze cywilnej. Co więcej, spróbujemy zidentyfikować konsekwencje moralnych, ekonomicznych i prawnych aspektów zanalizowanego teoretycznie błędu poznawczego.
Hindsight bias is one of the cognitive biases, which are biases that people make systematically and predictably. The essence of this bias is inability to correctly evaluate the probability of past events. Our tendency to overestimate it can lead to disturbing consequences in legal proceedings where such activities are on the agenda. In our analysis we will focus on assessing how the hindsight bias affects the way in which judges determine guilt in civil proceedings. Moreover, we will try to identify the consequences of moral, economic and legal aspects of theoretical analyzed cognitive error.

Źródło:

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej; 2015, 2(11); 131-141
2082-3304

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 86.

Tytuł:

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ И КОММУНИКАЦИЯ КАК ЛИНЕВИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА И КОРНИ ЕЕ НЕПОНИМАНИЯ
The Problem of Meaning and Communication in Linguistics and the Roots of its Misunderstanding

Autorzy:

Кравченко, Александр

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/444496.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011-12-01

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

Tematy:

written language bias,
code model,
“Container” metaphor,
orientational effect,
reci- procal causality

Opis:

Arguments are given for a necessity to abandon the code model and “container” metaphor in the study of linguistic meaning and communication; as they do not take into account the true nature of meaning and communication, these methodological premises of conventional linguistics are empirically inadequate and impede its further development.

Źródło:

Acta Neophilologica; 2011, XIII; 91-104
1509-1619

Pojawia się w:

Acta Neophilologica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 87.

Tytuł:

Impairment or Empowerment: Game Design to Reduce Social Stigma for Children with Physical Disabilities

Autorzy:

Jacobson, Dov
Hardart, Marianne
Jacobson, Jesse
Fanning, Elizabeth
Kechner, Nancy

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485093.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda. Fakulta masmediálnej komunikácie

Tematy:

ATPD
game-based learning
linguistic bias
physical disabilities
serious game
social rehabilitation

Opis:

Digital games can address social problems, such as the integration of marginalized persons into the community at large. For example, six children in a thousand live with an ambulatory disability. Communities must learn to accept children in wheelchairs. This social rehabilitation is problematic. It requires that hostile social environments, particularly the classroom, become more supportive. Issue awareness among classmates without disabilities can be improved by education-based interventions but such interventions rarely change behaviour. Interactive personal contact between able children and disabled role models has been shown to be effective but it cannot be readily scaled. Digital games offer an appealing intervention vector, easily scalable and highly interactive. This pilot study investigates game design that may promote social esteem.

Źródło:

Acta Ludologica; 2019, 2, 1; 26-41
2585-8599

Pojawia się w:

Acta Ludologica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 88.

Tytuł:

Comparison at optimal levels of classical tail index estimators: a challenge for reduced-bias estimation?

Autorzy:

Gomes, M.
Henriques-Rodrigues, Lígia

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729988.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii

Tematy:

statistics of extremes
semi-parametric estimation
bias estimation
heavy tails
optimal levels

Opis:

In this article, we begin with an asymptotic comparison at optimal levels of the so-called "maximum likelihood" (ML) extreme value index estimator, based on the excesses over a high random threshold, denoted PORT-ML, with PORT standing for peaks over random thresholds, with a similar ML estimator, denoted PORT-MP, with MP standing for modified-Pareto. The PORT-MP estimator is based on the same excesses, but with a trial of accommodation of bias on the Generalized Pareto model underlying those excesses. We next compare the behaviour of these ML implicit estimators with the equivalent behaviour of a few explicit tail index estimators, the Hill, the moment, the generalized Hill and the mixed moment. As expected, none of the estimators can always dominate the alternatives, even when we include second-order MVRB tail index estimators, with MVRB standing for minimum-variance reduced-bias. However, the asymptotic performance of the MVRB estimators is quite interesting and provides a challenge for a further study of these MVRB estimators at optimal levels.

Źródło:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2010, 30, 1; 35-51
1509-9423

Pojawia się w:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 89.

Tytuł:

Benchmarking technical efficiency of rice farms in Ghana: An empirical application of alternative production frontier approaches

Autorzy:

Coffie, Rebecca Owusu

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14469165.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018-09-27

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu

Tematy:

Technical efficiency
rice production
food insecurity
new technologies
bias-corrected data envelopment

Opis:

Aim: In spite of investments in new technologies to improve upon rice production in Ghana, productivity levels are still low. It is therefore important to assess the efficiency of farmers and identify sources of inefficiency to develop policies to reduce inefficiencies. This paper aims to investigate the extent and drivers of technical efficiency of rice farmers in Ghana. Design/Research methods: Bias-corrected data envelopment and restricted single-stage stochastic frontier models are employed to examine the technical efficiency of farmers and its determinants.  The data for empirical application come from a farm production survey comprising a total sample of 197 rice farmers from Ghana. Conclusions and findings: The analyses revealed on average, farmers are about 65% technically efficient. This result indicates that there is a potential to improve upon technical efficiency of farmers by about 35% within the existing state of resources and technology. Furthermore, the drivers of technical efficiency were identified as food insecurity status and membership of farmer based organisation. Specifically, the results show an inverse relationship between food insecurity status and technical efficiency; where higher levels of food insecurity are associated with lower levels of technical efficiency. Also, membership of farmer based organisation increases technical efficiency of farmers. Contrary to previous studies, non-farm income and credit access were not identified as significant drivers of technical efficiency among the sampled farmers. On the basis of the findings, policies should aim at reducing food insecurity among farmers and encouraging membership of farmer based organisations. Originality/value of the article: This paper provides evidence-based information on the extent of technical efficiency of rice farmers in Ghana and suggests measures for technical efficiency improvements. 

Źródło:

Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 3; 125-154
2543-9472

Pojawia się w:

Central European Review of Economics and Management

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 90.

Tytuł:

Power ratio cum median-based ratio estimator of finite population mean with known population median

Autorzy:

Abdullahi, Umar K.
Ugwuowo, Fidelis I.
Lawson, Nuanpan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342145.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-12-07

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

finite population mean
bias
mean squared error
power estimator
medianbased
power ratio

Opis:

The search for an efficient estimator of the finite population mean has been a critical problem to the sample survey research community. This study is motivated by the fact that the conducted literature review showed that no research has developed such an average ratio estimator of the population mean that would utilize both the population and the sample medians of study variable, as well as the Srivastava (1967) estimator at a time. In this paper we proposed the power ratio cum median-based ratio estimator of the finite population mean, which is a function of two ratio estimators in the form of an average. The estimator assumes the population to be homogeneous and skewed. The properties (i.e. the Bias and the Mean Squared Error - MSE) of the proposed estimator were derived alongside its asymptotically optimum MSE. We demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed estimator jointly with its efficiency conditions by comparing it to selected estimators described in the literature. Empirically, a real-life dataset from the literature and a simulation study from two skewed distributions (Gamma and Weibull) were used to examine the efficiency gain. The empirical analysis and simulation study demonstrated that the efficiency gain is significant. Hence, the practical application of the proposed estimator is recommended, especially in socio-economic surveys.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 5; 35-44
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 91.

Tytuł:

THROUGH THE (NOT SO) PINK GLASSES: GENDER BIAS IN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS

Autorzy:

GROCHALSKA, MONIKA

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/954188.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica

Tematy:

gender
informal learning
family
social representations
bias
adult learning
experience
intimate relationships

Opis:

This article was written as part of the project funded by the National Science Centre allocated on the basis of the decision no DEC-2011/01/D/HS6/02470. It shows how social representations of intimate relationships are shared among women and where  they are  rooted. According to Serge Moscovici, social representations are systems of values, ideas and practices, which allow people in groups to understand each other. Thus women have such a  system, which is created through their entire life within the process of informal learning. During this processes some gender bias is imposed. This bias becomes a part of social representations of intimate relationships and influences practices of „being-in-relationship”. Those practices often do not fit  life situations, contributing to the deterioration of  women’s quality of life . All these processes are analysed on the basis of data taken from focus group interviews (FGI) with women. During interviews women often referred to some shared meanings, which constitute their social representations. Finally, these interviews show, that close relationships are highly affected by gender bias, thus they are full of misunderstandings and internal conflicts. The findings highlight the role played by the social representations in women’s subjective experience of their intimate relationships.

Źródło:

Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2016, 7, 2; 158-179
2081-1640

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Education Culture and Society

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 92.

Tytuł:

Media Political Bias: In Search of Conceptualization
Medialna stronniczość polityczna: w poszukiwaniu konceptualizacji

Autorzy:

Klepka, Rafał

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1936838.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

media
political bias
media content
objectivism
framing
stronniczość polityczna
zawartość mediów
obiektywizm

Opis:

The manner in which the media presents its recipients with political content has a strong impact on knowledge, attitudes, opinions and electoral behavior. The content of the media cannot be a full reflection of political reality, but the way in which the reality presents it may be closer or more distant from the idea of objectivity and neutrality. The category describing the scale of deviation from the idea of a balanced presentation of content is the media political bias. The aim of this article is to present this concept and determine the specific features of media political bias, its main determinants, elements of the media which make us deal with biased content, and the relationship between the concept of media political bias and other selected theoretical concepts regarding media.
Sposób, w jaki media prezentują swoim odbiorcom treści o charakterze politycznym, ma silny wpływ na wiedzę, postawy, opinie oraz zachowania wyborcze. Zawartość mediów nie może stanowić pełnego odzwierciedlenia rzeczywistości politycznej, jednak sposób, w jaki rzeczywistość tę prezentuje, może być bliższy lub dalszy od idei obiektywizmu i neutralności. Kategorią opisującą skalę odchylenia od idei zbalansowanej prezentacji treści jest medialna stronniczość polityczna. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie tej koncepcji oraz określenie specyficznych cech medialnej stronniczości politycznej, jej głównych uwarunkowań, elementów przekazu medialnego, które sprawiają, że mamy do czynienia z treścią o charakterze stronniczym, a także związku między koncepcją medialnej stronniczości politycznej a innymi wybranymi koncepcjami teoretycznymi dotyczącymi mediów.

Źródło:

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2019, 64; 155-168
1505-2192

Pojawia się w:

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 93.

Tytuł:

A static calibration of mems 3-axis accelerometer using a genetic algorithm

Autorzy:

Marinov, Marin
Petrov, Zhivo

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/198726.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej

Tematy:

MEMS accelerometers
calibration
bias
genetic algorithm
akcelerometr MEMS
kalibracja
obciążenie
algorytm genetyczny

Opis:

In this paper, a procedure for MEMS accelerometer static calibration using a genetic algorithm, considering non-orthogonality was presented. The results of simulations and real accelerometer calibration are obtained showing high accuracy of parameters estimation.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2019, 105; 157-168
0209-3324
2450-1549

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 94.

Tytuł:

BADANIA ŹRÓDEŁ FINANSOWANIA DZIAŁALNOŚCI PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW – EFEKT SELEKCJI PUBLIKACJI. ANALIZA METAREGRESYJNA
Studies on financing sources of enterprises activities - publication selection bias. A meta-regression analysis

Autorzy:

Nehrebecka, Natalia
Dzik-Walczak, Aneta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950483.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

Tematy:

financing sources
meta-regression analysis
publication selection bias
bank loan
trade credit
lease

Opis:

This article discusses the verification of the effect of publication in the studies regarding the sources of financing business operations. There is a probability that the results presented in literature may be encumbered by the problem of statistical significance selection. The works which show a weaker correlation or the lack of significance are less attractive and are seldom published – they are viewed as not providing enough contribution to science and not explaining the studied phenomena. In the publications regarding bank loans, the publication selection bias was found in the case of the structure of the assets and size of the company. In the case of the trade credit, the publication selection bias was pointed out in the case of indebtedness, profitability, size of the company, development potential and stock. In the studies of lease, the publication selection bias was confirmed in the case of indebtedness, profitability and size of the company.

Źródło:

Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2015, 2(23); 41-70
2080-5993
2449-9811

Pojawia się w:

Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 95.

Tytuł:

Źródła błędów poznawczych w badaniach śladów kryminalistycznych
Sources of bias in examination of forensic traces

Autorzy:

Ignaszak, Mateusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057487.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Centralne Laboratorium Kryminalistyczne Policji

Tematy:

kryminalistyka
błędy poznawcze
ekspertyza sądowa
forensic science
cognitive errors
bias
forensic expert report

Opis:

Człowiek ma aparat poznawczy, który wykorzystuje na co dzień. Z uwagi na jego ograniczenia jesteśmy podatni na wszelkiego rodzaju błędy poznawcze, które wpływają na obserwację świata i podejmowanie decyzji. Również eksperci sądowi nie są odporni na takie czynniki zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne, za sprawą których mogą podejmować niepoprawne decyzje. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wielopoziomowego problemu powszechności występowania i podatności na wszelkie błędy poznawcze w ekspertyzie biegłych kryminalistyków oraz próba usystematyzowania przypadków opisanych w najnowszych badaniach, wykorzystująca strukturę piramidy źródeł błędów poznawczych. Z uwagi na praktyczny aspekt omawianej tematyki w niektórych przypadkach zaproponowano również rozwiązania, które mogłyby usprawnić pracę ekspertów i przyczynić się do jej większej spójności.
Every human being has a cognitive apparatus that he/she uses every day. Due to its limitations, we are susceptible to all kinds of cognitive errors that affect the observation of the world and decision making. Also forensic experts are not immune to external and internal factors that may cause issuing false opinions. The aim of the article is to show the multilevel problem of prevalence and susceptibility to any cognitive biases in the expertise of forensic analysts, and an attempt to systematise the cases described in the latest research works using the pyramid structure of bias sources. As regards the practical aspect of the discussed subject, in some cases solutions were also proposed that could improve the work of experts and contribute to its greater integrity.

Źródło:

Problemy Kryminalistyki; 2019, 303; 27-33
0552-2153

Pojawia się w:

Problemy Kryminalistyki

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 96.

Tytuł:

On the bias of terminal based gain and offset estimation using the ADC histogram test method

Autorzy:

Correa Alegria, F.
Tiglao, N. M. C.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221033.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

analog to digital converter
histogram test method
estimator bias
terminal based
gain
offset

Opis:

The Histogram Test method is a popular technique in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) testing. The presence of additive noise in the test setup or in the ADC itself can potentially affect the accuracy of the test results. In this study, we demonstrate that additive noise causes a bias in the terminal based estimation of the gain but not in the estimation of the offset. The estimation error is determined analytically as a function of the sinusoidal stimulus signal amplitude and the noise standard deviation. We derive an exact but computationally difficult expression as well as a simpler closed form approximation that provides an upper bound of the bias of the terminal based gain. The estimators are validated numerically using a Monte Carlo procedure with simulated and experimental data.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 1; 3-12
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 97.

Tytuł:

Hipotetyczne i rzeczywiste decyzje podejmowane w warunkach ryzyka
Hypothetical and real decisions made under risk

Autorzy:

Forlicz, Maria
Rólczyński, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/591754.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach

Tematy:

Badania eksperymentalne
Decyzje ryzykowane
Hipotetyczny fałsz
Decisions under risk
Experimental research
Hypothetical bias

Opis:

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badan eksperymentalnych, których celem było sprawdzenie, czy różne formy prób ujawnienia preferencji dotyczących wyborów w warunkach ryzyka prowadzą do otrzymania tych samych wyników w przypadku decyzji dotyczących loterii, w których można ponieść i zyski, i straty. Wyniki badań pokazują, że decyzje hipotetyczne są nieco bardziej ryzykowne od decyzji rzeczywistych. Mimo to, biorąc pod uwagę wysoki współczynnik korelacji między odpowiedziami hipotetycznymi i rzeczywistymi, można sądzić, że odpowiedzi hipotetyczne są dobrym odzwierciedleniem rzeczywistych zachowań.
We present results of an experimental study conducted in order to find out, whether different forms of elicitation of preferences concerning decisions made under risk lead to obtaining the same results in case of lotteries including both possible gains and losses. Our results show that hypothetical decisions are slightly more risky than incentivized decisions. However, taking into consideration high level of correlation between hypothetical and incentivized decisions, we can say that hypothetical answers are a good predictor of real behavior.

Źródło:

Studia Ekonomiczne; 2017, 331; 22-32
2083-8611

Pojawia się w:

Studia Ekonomiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 98.

Tytuł:

Uncertainties in the building process

Autorzy:

Nowak, A.
Rakoczy, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201972.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

loads
resistance
bias factor
coefficient of variation
reliability index
limit states
human error

Opis:

Load and resistance have to be treated as random variables because of natural and man-made uncertainties. Statistical parameters, i.e. bias factors and coefficients of variation, are presented for natural effects of dead load, live load for buildings and bridges, and environmental loads. Man-made effects are more difficult to quantify as they include also human errors. For resistance, the uncertainties are considered as a combination of three factors: material, fabrication and professional. The statistical parameters are shown for structural steel, reinforced concrete, and prestressed concrete. These parameters allow for calculation of the reliability indices for structural components and assessment of the effect of uncertainties in load and resistance on the structural safety.

Źródło:

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 1; 129-135
0239-7528

Pojawia się w:

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 99.

Tytuł:

INVESTOR EXPERTISE AND THE RATIONALITY OF DECISION MAKING
DOŚWIADCZENIE INWESTORSKIE A RACJONALNOŚĆ PODEJMOWANYCH DECYZJI

Autorzy:

Rzeszutek, Marcin
Czerwonka, Monika
Walczak, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/659412.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

doświadczenie inwestorskie
inklinacja behawioralna
racjonalność
finanse behawioralne
investor expertise
behavioral bias
rationality
behavioral finance

Opis:

Celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza uwarunkowań racjonalności decyzji wśród polskich inwestorów giełdowych o różnym poziomie doświadczenia w inwestowaniu na giełdzie. Racjonalność decyzji została zdefiniowana z punktu widzenia finansów behawioralnych i została zoperacjonalizowana jako częstość ulegania określonym inklinacjom behawioralnym (zob. efekt pewności) podczas procesu podejmowania decyzji. W badaniach wzięła udział próba 270 osób, podzielona na w trzy grupy badawcze liczące po 90 osób: 90 profesjonalistów aktywnych zawodowo na rynku kapitałowym, 90 drobnych inwestorów, którzy amatorsko zajmowali się inwestowaniem na giełdzie oraz 90 studentów i studentek Wydziału Psychologii Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Zarządzania w Warszawie, którzy nie posiadali żadnej wiedzy i doświadczenia w inwestowaniu na giełdzie i posłużyli za grupę kontrolną w badaniu. Uczestnicy badania wypełniali kwestionariusz z podstawowymi informacjami demograficznymi i jednym sytuacyjnym zadaniem, mierzącym podatność na efekt pewności. Analiza wyników wykazała, że uleganie efektowi pewność jest związane z poziomem doświadczenie w inwestowaniu na giełdzie, przy czym im wyższe doświadczenie, tym wyższa podatność na tą inklinację behawioralną.
The aim of the paper is to is to explore the determinants of the rationality in decision making among polish stock market investors with different level of expertise with investing. Rationality in decision making was defined from the behavioral finance point of view and was operationalized as the frequency of some behavioral biases (see: the certainty effect) within decision making process. In particular, this study aims to investigate the degree of susceptibility the certainty effect among people of various levels of expertise with investing. As  there is still a lack of data studies in behavioral finance literature investigating the issues mentioned in this article (or existing results are ambiguous) we treated our study as an exploratory research.

Źródło:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2015, 1, 310
0208-6018
2353-7663

Pojawia się w:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 100.

Tytuł:

«З лупою літературного детектива» (До проблеми ідентифікації утаємничених текстів)
“With a Magnifying Glass of a Literary Detective” (The problem of identifying clandestine texts)

Autorzy:

Krupach, Mykola

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2156690.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-09-27

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Tematy:

article Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry
ideological bias
O. Olzhych
O. Oles
identification cation of authorship

Opis:

The article “Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry” by Oleh Olzhych has been given the status of an authoritative source in domestic literary criticism in recent decades, in particular, in the study of the genesis of emigrant poetry of 1920-1930 and in general on the interpretation of the state of national literature in eastern and western countries, which in the interwar period were respectively under the rule of Russia and Poland. Only the “textual coincidences, general concept and intonation” of the article and Olzhych’s related texts were taken as the basis of identification. Such a technique contains elements of pre-programming of the final result and can lead to erroneous conclusions in identifying the author of the publication. It draws attention to the analogies of text construction, subject matter, lexical and stylistic coincidences, etc., but distracts from what is the main in the objective establishment of the publication of a particular person - the (internal) content of the text. Th e example of Olzhych’s attitude to the process of development of national literature in the interwar period and especially to the work of his father (Oleksandr Oles) shows that he can’t be the author of a politically quite controversial article “Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry”.

Źródło:

Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie; 2021, 8; 212-225
2353-5644
2451-2958

Pojawia się w:

Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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