Attentional bias is assumed to be partly responsible for the onset and maintenance of anxiety by major cognitive
theories of emotional disorders. Although much is already known about the therapeutic effects of attentional bias training,
only a few studies have examined the mechanism responsible for these effects. In order to test if low-level, cognitive
effects of attentional bias training depend on attentional control, 73 participants, who completed the STAI-x2 and the
ACS questionnaires, were randomly assigned to a control (n = 37) or attentional training group (n = 36). The attentional
manipulation was followed by a search task, during which novel neutral or negative faces could be presented within an
array of all-neutral, all-negative or all-positive faces. It was found that individuals with higher ACS score displayed
stronger attentional training effects, i.e., they were less accurate in detecting distinctive negative faces, and this effect was
not found to be associated with STAI-x2 score. These results show that there is individual variability even in immediate,
cognitive effects of attentional bias modifi cation and that special abilities, such as attentional control, might be required
for attentional training to be effi cient.
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