Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

Cognitive effects of attentional training depend on attentional control

Autorzy:

Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Kłosowska, Joanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430593.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

attentional bias
anxiety
attentional control
cognitive bias modification

Opis:

Attentional bias is assumed to be partly responsible for the onset and maintenance of anxiety by major cognitive theories of emotional disorders. Although much is already known about the therapeutic effects of attentional bias training, only a few studies have examined the mechanism responsible for these effects. In order to test if low-level, cognitive effects of attentional bias training depend on attentional control, 73 participants, who completed the STAI-x2 and the ACS questionnaires, were randomly assigned to a control (n = 37) or attentional training group (n = 36). The attentional manipulation was followed by a search task, during which novel neutral or negative faces could be presented within an array of all-neutral, all-negative or all-positive faces. It was found that individuals with higher ACS score displayed stronger attentional training effects, i.e., they were less accurate in detecting distinctive negative faces, and this effect was not found to be associated with STAI-x2 score. These results show that there is individual variability even in immediate, cognitive effects of attentional bias modifi cation and that special abilities, such as attentional control, might be required for attentional training to be effi cient.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 4; 272-277
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:

Memory bias training by means of the emotional short-term memory task

Autorzy:

Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Gronostaj, Aleksandra

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430368.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-03-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

memory bias
mood congruent memory
depression
cognitive bias modification

Opis:

According to major cognitive theories of emotional disorders cognitive biases are partly responsible for their onset and maintenance. The direct test of this assumption is possible only if experimental method capable of altering a given form of cognitive bias is available. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel implicit memory bias training procedure based on the emotional version of the classical Sternberg’s short-term memory task with negative, neutral and positive words. 108 participants, who completed the PANAS and the CES-D questionnaires, were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 33), the No-Negative group (n = 36), in which the target words in the Sternberg’s task were either positive or neutral but never negative or the Negative-New group (n = 39) in which the negative target words in the modified Sternberg’s task were always new. This training was followed by the recollection stage. Only one of the training protocols resulted in significant effects at the recall stage - individuals in the No-Negative group recalled more positive words and fewer negative words than those in the control group. These results show that it may be possible to experimentally induce memory bias characteristic of non-depressed individuals.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 1; 122-126
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:

Nonresponse Bias in The Survey of Youth Understanding of Science and Technology in Bogotá

Autorzy:

Castellanos, Edgar Mauricio Bueno

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466054.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Sampling design
nonresponse bias
calibration

Opis:

The Colombian Observatory of Science and Technology -OCyT- developed, in 2009, a survey about understanding of Science and Technology in students of high school in Bogotá, Colombia. The sampling design was stratified according to the nature of school (public or private). Two sources of unit nonresponse were detected. The first one corresponds to schools that did not allowed to collect information. The second source corresponds to students who did not assist during the days when survey was applied. Estimates were obtained through two different approaches. Results obtained in both cases do not show visible differences when estimating ratios; even though, some great differences were observed when estimating totals. Results obtained using the second approach are believed to be more reliable because of the methodology used to handle item nonresponse.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2012, 13, 1; 79-94
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:

Unawareness of Self-interest Bias in Moral Judgments of Others’ Behavior

Autorzy:

Bocian, Konrad
Wojciszke, Bogdan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951959.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-12-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

self-interest
moral judgment
egotistic bias

Opis:

Previous studies (Bocian & Wojciszke, 2014) showed that self-interest biases moral perception of others’ unethical actions. Moreover, affective changes in attitudinal responses towards the perpetrator of an immoral act drives the bias. In the present studies, we attempted to answer the question whether people are aware of the self-interest bias in their judgments of others’ behavior. We conducted two experiments showing that moral judgments of verbally described and imagined actions were dominated by norms rather than self-interest (Study 1) and that people were not aware that self-interest distorted their moral judgment (Study 2). The unawareness of the self-interest bias among the participants was attributable to omission of their own emotional responses when forecasting their moral judgments. We discuss the importance of emotions presence in studies on moral judgments as well as contribution of the present research to the intuitionist approach to moral judgment.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 4; 411-417
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:

Approximate bias for first-order autoregressive model with uniform innovations. Small sample case

Autorzy:

Nouali, Karima
Fellag, Hocine

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729836.pdf

Data publikacji:

2002

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii

Tematy:

autoregressive model
bias
outlier
uniform distribution

Opis:

The first-order autoregressive model with uniform innovations is considered. The approximate bias of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the parameter is obtained. Also, a formula for the approximate bias is given when a single outlier occurs at a specified time with a known amplitude. Simulation procedures confirm that our formulas are suitable. A small sample case is considered only.

Źródło:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2002, 22, 1-2; 15-26
1509-9423

Pojawia się w:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:

Two methods to mitigate insar-based dems vegetation impenetrability bias

Autorzy:

Tulski, Sławomir
Bęcek, Kazimierz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2029253.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie

Tematy:

SRTM
vegetation bias
impenetrability
ICESat
GTHM

Opis:

Digital elevation models (DEM), including the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), are used in many branches of geoscience as an ultimate dataset representing our planet’s surface, making it possible to investigate processes that are shaping our world. The SRTM model exhibits elevation bias or systematic error over forests and vegetated areas due to the microwaves’ peculiar properties that penetrate the vegetation layer to a certain depth. Numerous investigations identified that the penetration depth depends on the forest density and height. In this contribution, two methods are proposed to remove the impact of the vegetation impenetrability effect. The first method is founded on the multiple regression of two forest characteristics, namely forest height and forest density. The second method uses a lookup table approach. The lookup table and the multiple regression explanatory variables are taken from the freely available datasets, including the forest density data (MODIS_VCF) and global tree height map (GTHM). An important role in this research is played by the Ice, Clouds, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data. The accuracy tests indicate that the first method eliminates approximately 68% of the elevation bias, while the second method appears to be more effective, leading to almost complete removal of the vegetation bias from the SRTM data. The methods are fine-tuned to the local coniferous forests in Poland. Additional studies are required to finetune the methods for the leaf-off state of deciduous forests. However, a new set of parameters for both methods can be quickly developed for different locations and forest types. Both methods’ functionality and effectiveness can be improved once more accurate forest tree height and vegetation density data become available. These methods are universal in mitigating the vegetation bias from the Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) derived model and photogrammetric models.

Źródło:

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape; 2021, 2; 7-21
2300-1496

Pojawia się w:

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:

Towards explainable classifiers using the counterfactual approach : global explanations for discovering bias in data

Autorzy:

Mikołajczyk, Agnieszka
Grochowski, Michał
Kwasigroch, Arkadiusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031144.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych

Tematy:

explainable classifiers
counterfactual approach
bias detection

Opis:

The paper proposes summarized attribution-based post-hoc explanations for the detection and identification of bias in data. A global explanation is proposed, and a step-by-step framework on how to detect and test bias is introduced. Since removing unwanted bias is often a complicated and tremendous task, it is automatically inserted, instead. Then, the bias is evaluated with the proposed counterfactual approach. The obtained results are validated on a sample skin lesion dataset. Using the proposed method, a number of possible bias-causing artifacts are successfully identified and confirmed in dermoscopy images. In particular, it is confirmed that black frames have a strong influence on Convolutional Neural Network’s prediction: 22% of them changed the prediction from benign to malignant.

Źródło:

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2021, 11, 1; 51-67
2083-2567
2449-6499

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:

Hypothetical bias and framing effect in the valuation of private consumer goods

Autorzy:

Brzozowicz, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1356848.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-10-13

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych

Tematy:

framing effect
hypothetical bias
laboratory experiment

Opis:

In a laboratory experiment, I examined two behavioural effects: hypothetical bias and the framing effect. I elicited willingness to pay (WTP) for a cosmetic product, and manipulated framing conditions (positive vs. negative attribute framing) and incentives to reveal the actual valuation (hypothetical vs. real). I demonstrated that hypothetical bias has a significant impact on WTP values; however, the framing effect has no effect on the valuation of the product. Similarly, I found no interaction between the two effects. This observation contributes to claims that hypothetical research methods lead to equally reliable data as those based on consequential choices.

Źródło:

Central European Economic Journal; 2018, 5, 52; 260 - 269
2543-6821

Pojawia się w:

Central European Economic Journal

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:

Critical Discourse Analysis of RT news headlines on Venezuela’s post-coup crisis in 2019-2020

Autorzy:

Matselyukh, Ihor

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40223383.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

CDA
headlines
presuppositions
implicatures
agency
bias

Opis:

This article researches the biased content of the propagandistic channel RT through the prism of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It attempts to uncover the linguistic means of creating biased content in RT headlines that cover the Venezuela’s post-coup crisis of 2019-2020. It offers a CDA approach to the systemic bias in the headlines of 375 news stories featured on one of the most tendentious webcasters, the Russian state news provider RT. The current CDA focuses on presuppositions and implicatures, back- and fore-grounding, agency, lexis, punctuation, and briefly on other figurative linguistic means in the headlines and traces their relative recurrence that might form a pattern.

Źródło:

Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2023, 9; 95-111
2450-5188

Pojawia się w:

Linguistics Beyond and Within

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Od pierwotnej oralności do wtórnej piśmienności w epoce dominacji internetowego biasu

Autorzy:

Szpunar, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643297.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Tematy:

kultura oralna, kultura pisma, technologia definiująca, bias

Opis:

From primary orality to secondary literacy in the era of the dominance of Internet biasScientists tend to overestimate writing as the primary form of language, while the oral communication is the primary form of the whole communication. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the crucial role of technologies such as writing in the thought processes and evolution of culture.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prasoznawcze; 2014, 57, 4
0555-0025
2084-3836

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prasoznawcze

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

Non-random base composition in codons of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in vertebrates.

Autorzy:

Prusak, Beata
Grzybowski, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041499.pdf

Data publikacji:

2004

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne

Tematy:

structure-function relationships
compositional bias
cytochrome b

Opis:

Cytochrome b is the central catalytic subunit of the quinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase of complex III of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system and is essential to the viability of most eukaryotic cells. Partial cytochrome b gene sequences of 14 species representing mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are presented here including some species typical for Poland. For the analysed species a comparative analysis of the natural variation in the gene was performed. This information has been used to discuss some aspects of gene sequence - protein function relationships. Review of relevant literature indicates that similar comparisons have been made only for basic mammalian species. Moreover, there is little information about the Polish-specific species. We observed that there is a strong non-random distribution of nucleotides in the cytochrome b sequence in all tested species with the highest differences at the third codon position. This is also the codon position of the strongest compositional bias. Some tested species, representing distant systematic groups, showed unique base composition differing from the others. The quail, frog, python and elk prefer C over A in the light DNA strand. Species belonging to the artiodactyls stand out from the remaining ones and contain fewer pyrimidines. The observed overall rate of amino acid identity is about 61%. The region covering Qo center as well as histidines 82 and 96 (heme ligands) are totally conserved in all tested species. Additionally, the applied method and the sequences can also be used for diagnostic species identification by veterinary and conservation agencies.

Źródło:

Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2004, 51, 4; 897-905
0001-527X

Pojawia się w:

Acta Biochimica Polonica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

When Dishonesty Leads to Trust: Moral Judgments Biased by Self-interest are Truly Believed

Autorzy:

Bocian, Konrad
Baryla, Wieslaw
Wojciszke, Bogdan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430780.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016-09-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

moral judgments
self-interest bias
cheating
trust

Opis:

Research has shown that cheating is perceived as immoral when it serves the cheater’s interests, though it can be seen as moral when it serves the interests of the perceiver. However, are such biased moral judgments real, or are they merely lip service? To answer the question of whether biased moral judgments actually inform behavior, the authors asked participants to observe a confederate who either cheated for money or did not cheat, which benefited either the confederate alone or both the confederate and the participating observer. Then, participants evaluated the confederate and, finally, played a one shot trust game with her. Cheating influenced moral judgments and decreased behavioral trust, but this only occurred when self-interest was not involved. When self-interest was involved, participants showed no significant differences in trust levels, independent of whether the confederate had cheated or not. Implications for the dual process theory in moral psychology are discussed.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 3; 366-372
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

Application Of Bias Randomization In Evaluation Of Measuring Instrument Capability

Autorzy:

Fotowicz, P.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220973.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

measurement uncertainty
bias randomization
measuring instrument capability

Opis:

The paper deals with the problem of bias randomization in evaluation of the measuring instrument capability. The bias plays a significant role in assessment of the measuring instrument quality. Because the measurement uncertainty is a comfortable parameter for evaluation in metrology, the bias may be treated as a component of the uncertainty associated with the measuring instrument. The basic method for calculation of the uncertainty in modern metrology is propagation of distributions. Any component of the uncertainty budget should be expressed as a distribution. Usually, in the case of a systematic effect being a bias, the rectangular distribution is assumed. In the paper an alternative randomization method using the Flatten-Gaussian distribution is proposed.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2015, 22, 4; 513-520
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

On some efficient classes of estimators using auxiliary attribute

Autorzy:

Bhushan, Shashi
Kumar, Anoop

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15017632.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-03-15

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Bias
Mean square error
Efficiency
Auxiliary attribute

Opis:

This paper considers some efficient classes of estimators for the estimation of population mean using known population proportion. The usual mean estimator, classical ratio, and regression estimators suggested by Naik and Gupta (1996) and Abd-Elfattah et al. (2010) estimators are identified as the members of the suggested class of estimators. The expressions of bias and mean square errors are derived up to first-order approximation. The proposed estimators were put to test against various other competing estimators till date. It has been found both theoretically and empirically that the suggested classes of estimators dominate the existing estimators.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 2; 141-157
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

STRONNICZOŚĆ MEDIÓW W BIPOLARNYM ŚRODOWISKU POLITYCZNYM. TYGODNIK „POLITYKA” W KAMPANIACH WYBORCZYCH 2015 ROKU
MEDIA BIAS IN A BIPOLAR POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT. “POLITYKA” WEEKLY IN THE 2015 ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS

Autorzy:

Kolczyński, Mariusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513665.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

media-party parallelism, media bias, electoral campaign

Opis:

The 2014–2015 electoral cycle was a serious marketing challenge for Polish weeklies because of the gradual change in the balance of power (after several years of Civic Platform domination, the ratings of Law and Justice significantly improved), which implied a more leveled electoral rivalry and changes on the publishing market- leading to more intensive competition between weeklies presenting similar editorial perspective: “Polityka” – “Newsweek” – “W Sieci” – “Do Rzeczy” – “Gazeta Polska”, taking into consideration the relatively low number of readers of such publications. From this perspective the analysis of journalistic endeavors of “Polityka” during the period of time preceding the key elections (Presidential and Parliamentary) in 2015 seem to be an important research problem – taking into account the rank of “Polityka” and its part in forming and defining questions of civil and political discourse.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2017, 15, 1; 33-47 (15)
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

POLITICAL PARANOIA - A RULE OR A CHANCE?

Autorzy:

Kasińska-Metryka, Agnieszka
Miernik, Rafał

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594695.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

political paranoia
public opinion
cognitive bias
irrationality

Opis:

Politics is a particular field of social activity where accusing an opponent of mental incapacitation occurs as a frequent element of the conducted narrative. Moreover, public opinion discrediting a profession of a politician is very eager to question the mental health of political actors. Vocabulary used in the public is a vital testimony of societies attitude towards people with mental disorders. However, we refer paranoia to personality traits of individuals while political paranoia refers to reaction to events, facts or to the way it is seen by individuals or groups. The authors do not have any ambition to carry out a psychological analysis of politicians. What is intriguing is the issue of using political paranoia (searching for enemies, tracking plots, fighting in defence of ideals, irrational justification of failures) in the group spectrum for elections. What is also intriguing is the answer to the question whether politicians are paranoid, or it is a well-planned election strategy which aims to identify an opponent to consolidate a group of voters around the leader.

Źródło:

Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 139-150
0208-7375

Pojawia się w:

Polish Political Science Yearbook

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:

SPORY WOKÓŁ OBRONY PRZEZ KULTURĘ W KONTEKŚCIE DEBAT NA TEMAT WIELOKULTUROWOŚCI
CULTURE DEFENCE STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEBATE OVER MULTICULTURALISM

Autorzy:

Kania, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368067.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

cultural bias
culture defence
multiculturalism
criminal law

Opis:

The main aim of this article is to introduce the concept of culture/cultural defence into the framework of current debates over multiculturalism. Culture defence is a rela-tively new legal strategy, which seeks to strengthen its own position as a formal strategy in criminal law, mainly in the common law system. It is based on the cognitive assump-tion that culture affects individuals’ perception of social reality to that extent that indi-viduals could lack the capacity to act with the full ignorance of culturally given norms. The concept of culture defence will be juxtaposed to the different approaches to multicul-turalism itself: to the concept of John Rawls’s theory of justice, to the concept of politics of difference as introduced by Charles Taylor, and to the politics of multiculturalism proposed by Will Kymlicka. This article reveals the question of legitimacy of culture defence as a crucial question bounded up with political philosophy, not exclusively em-braced by the philosophy of law.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2016, 14, 2; 151-163
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:

Association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence – A panel study of Swedish employees

Autorzy:

Johansson, Gun
Gustafsson, Klas
Marklund, Staffan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177243.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-04-13

Wydawca:

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi

Tematy:

bias
work place
sickness behaviour
questionnaires
Sweden

Opis:

Objectives This study is analyzing the unexpected reversed or lacking association between high adjustment latitude and sickness presence by examining whether it is due to confounding. Material and Methods Questionnaires were sent in 2004 and 2005 to a cohort of individuals aged 25–50 years, selected from the Statistics Sweden’s register of the Swedish population. Information from 2397 individuals who answered both questionnaires was analyzed by the use of logistic regression analysis. Results The odds ratio for sickness presence among the individuals with a low adjustment latitude compared to those with high adjustment latitude was 1.7 (range: 1.4–2.2). This increased likelihood was almost entirely unaffected in the analysis of potential confounders. Conclusions If the reversed association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence does not reflect confounding, it may be due to reporting bias, which may cause problems in research on sickness presence. We argue that more detailed studies are needed to explore the different sources of possible reporting problems.

Źródło:

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 3; 507-518
1232-1087
1896-494X

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:

Noise and bias - some controversies raised by the book 'Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment', written by Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, Cass R. Sunstein

Autorzy:

Szreder, Mirosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082251.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-06-30

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

noise
bias
mean squared error
statistical inference

Opis:

The paper reviews and discusses the statistical aspects of the phenomenon called 'noise' which Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winning psychologist, and his colleagues present in their new book entitled 'Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment'. Noise is understood by the authors as an unexpected and undesirable variation present in people's judgments. The variability of judgments influences decisions which are made on the basis of those judgments and, consequently, may have a negative impact on the operations of various institutions. This is the main concern presented and analyzed in this book. The objective of this paper is to look at the relationship between bias and noise - the two major components of the mean squared error (MSE) - from a different perspective which is absent in the book. Although the author agrees that each of the two components contributes equally to MSE, he claims that in some circumstances a reduction of noise can make accurate inference not less, but more difficult. It is justified that the actual impact of noise cannot be accurately determined without considering both bias and noise simultaneously.

Źródło:

Przegląd Statystyczny; 2022, 69, 1; 39-49
0033-2372

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Statystyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:

The Class of Estimators of Finite Population Mean Using Incomplete Multi-Auxiliary Information

Autorzy:

Srivastava, Meenakshi
Garg, Neha

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466065.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

bias
mean square error
multi-auxiliary information

Opis:

In this paper, a class of estimators is considered for estimating the mean of the finite population utilizing available incomplete multi-auxiliary information. Some special cases of this class of estimators are considered. The approximate expressions for bias and mean square error of the suggested estimators have also been derived and theoretical results are numerically supported.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2013, 14, 2; 201-216
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:

Modelling a subregular bias in phonological learning with Recurrent Neural Networks

Autorzy:

Prickett, Brandon

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2061408.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN

Tematy:

neural networks
learning bias
formal language theory
phonology

Opis:

A number of experiments have demonstrated what seems to be a bias in human phonological learning for patterns that are simpler according to Formal Language Theory (Finley and Badecker 2008; Lai 2015; Avcu 2018). This paper demonstrates that a sequence-to-sequence neural network (Sutskever et al. 2014), which has no such restriction explicitly built into its architecture, can successfully capture this bias. These results suggest that a bias for patterns that are simpler according to Formal Language Theory may not need to be explicitly incorporated into models of phonological learning.

Źródło:

Journal of Language Modelling; 2021, 9, 1; 67--96
2299-856X
2299-8470

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Language Modelling

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:

BIAS REDUCTION IN KERNEL ESTIMATOR OF DENSITY FUNCTION IN BOUNDARY REGION

Autorzy:

Baszczyńska, Aleksandra

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453760.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki

Tematy:

kernel estimator
density function
bias reduction
reflection method

Opis:

The properties of the classical kernel estimator of density function deteriorate when the support of density function is bounded. The use of classical form of kernel estimator causes the increase of the bias estimator, particularly in the so-called boundary region, close to end of support. It can also lead to undesirable situation where density function estimator has a different support than the density function. The paper presents selected bias reduction procedures, such as reflection method and its modification. An example is presented with an attempt to compare considered procedures.

Źródło:

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2015, 16, 1; 7-16
2082-792X

Pojawia się w:

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

Darwin’s Greatest Secret Exposed: Response to Grzegorz Malec’s De Facto Fact Denying Review of My Book

Autorzy:

Sutton, Mike

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553335.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii

Tematy:

Darwin
Matthew
misrepresentation
bias
fact denial
historic revisionism

Opis:

Grzegorz Malec’s “There Is No Darwin’s Greatest Secret”, a review of my book Nullius in Verba: Darwin’s Greatest Secret, takes one extremely minor finding from my book and, despite his best efforts, manages to disconfirm just one of thirty examples of that minor finding. He then takes that one disconfirmed mere minor example and presents it as evidence that he has disconfirmed all the original major findings in my book. By so doing, his deceptive review goes far beyond the counter-academic deviance of mere cherry picking, it is more a case of gross misrepresentation to the point of de facto fact denial amounting to historic revisionist behaviour.

Źródło:

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2016, 13; 287-296
2299-0356

Pojawia się w:

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

The evaluation of weekly extended range river basin rainfall forecasts and a new bias correction mechanism for flood management in India

Autorzy:

Guhathakurta, Pulak
Prasad, Ashwini Kumar
Chattyopadhyay, Rajib
Sangwan, Neha
Wagh, Nilesh
Pattanaik, D. R.
Pai, D. S.
Mohapatra, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058418.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

extended range prediction
rainfall bias correction
flood management

Opis:

Operational extended range forecasts are being disseminated once every week by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for several sectorial applications. These forecasts show a reduction in amplitude and variance as a function of lead-time. Such reductions in variance can be due to several physical factors: inherent forecast model bias, a problem relating to initial conditions, leaddependent statistical biases, etc. A week-by-week analysis shows that such biases are not systematic. Rainfall forecasts are underestimated in some regions, while others overestimate rainfall amplitude. To correct the bias in the extended range weekly averaged forecast, a statistical post-processing method (normal ratio correction) is proposed to make the outlook more valuable at a longer lead-time. The correction method is based on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) technical guidance on rainfall estimation and is also shown to be useful for rainfall forecasts. In this analysis, we evaluate the extended range forecast skill at the river sub-basin-scale and show that there are several river sub-basins over the central Indian region where the correction has improved the model forecast in the one to two-week range. Although this analysis was tailored toward making the river basins and sub-basins of India more readily realizable for flood forecasters, it can be used for any administrative boundaries such as block, district, or state-level requirements.

Źródło:

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2022, 10, 1; 1--25
2299-3835
2353-5652

Pojawia się w:

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

Results of radon CR-39 detectors exposed in schools due two different long-term periods

Autorzy:

Stojanovska, Z.
Boev, B.
Zunic, Z. S.
Bossew, P.
Jovevska, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147386.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej

Tematy:

comparison
linear regression analysis
relative bias
U test

Opis:

The paper deals with the recent survey of indoor radon (Rn) results in schools, where paired CR-39 detectors were simultaneously exposed to different long-term periods, i.e., one detector was exposed during the whole year and the other one in the period of the school year duration. To be able to compare the results obtained, for its analysis, the relative bias and U tests were used. It was found that there are no systematic differences between the results, which points that the exposure of the detector during summer vacations did not affect the estimated average annual radon concentration. The paired results were modelled by a linear function, giving an extremely high coeffi cient of determination R2 = 0.99.

Źródło:

Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 385-389
0029-5922
1508-5791

Pojawia się w:

Nukleonika

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

Effects of Word Class and Training Method on Vocabulary Learning in a Second Language

Autorzy:

Ludington, Jason D.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620892.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-12-01

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

vocabulary learning
second language
noun bias
nouns
verbs

Opis:

It is not fully known whether nouns or verbs are easier to learn in a second language. A noun learning advantage has been observed for children in many languages (e.g., Gentner, 1982), but few have examined whether mature second language learners show a similar pattern. In the current study 84 university students were trained with nonce words for 96 familiar, concrete concepts (half nouns, half verbs), half labeled ostensibly, and half in contexts that allowed label meanings to be inferred. Vocabulary knowledge was assessed through recognition tests after a delay of either five minutes or one week. No evidence of a word class advantage was found-participants did not demonstrate a noun advantage. Ostensive training was superior to inferential training at five minutes but not after one week.

Źródło:

Research in Language; 2015, 13, 4; 426-449
1731-7533

Pojawia się w:

Research in Language

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

A feedback weighted fusion algorithm with dynamic sensor bias correction for gyroscope array

Autorzy:

Yuan, Ding
Qin, Yongyuan
Shen, Xiaowei
Wu, Zongwei

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1848956.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

inertial sensor
gyroscope array
weighted fusion
bias correction

Opis:

Low-cost Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes are known to have a smaller size, lower weight, and less power consumption than their more technologically advanced counterparts. However, current low-grade MEMS gyroscopes have poor performance and cannot compete with quality sensors in high accuracy navigational and guidance applications. The main focus of this paper is to investigate performance improvements by fusing multiple homogeneous MEMS gyroscopes. These gyros are transformed into a virtual gyro using a feedback weighted fusion algorithm with dynamic sensor bias correction. The gyroscope array combines eight homogeneous gyroscope units on each axis and divides them into two layers of differential configuration. The algorithm uses the gyroscope array estimation value to remove the gyroscope bias and then correct the gyroscope array measurement value. Then the gyroscope variance is recalculated in real time according to the revised measurement value and the weighted coefficients and state estimation of each gyroscope are deduced according to the least square principle. The simulations and experiments showed that the proposed algorithm could further reduce the drift and improve the overall accuracy beyond the performance limitations of individual gyroscopes. The maximum cumulative angle error was -2.09 degrees after 2000 seconds in the static test, and the standard deviation (STD) of the output fusion value of the proposed algorithm was 0.006 degrees/s in the dynamic test, which was only 1.7% of the STD value of an individual gyroscope.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2021, 28, 1; 161-179
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

THE POWER OF SELF-DECEPTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTION TO THE COVID-19 THREAT

Autorzy:

Kaczmarek, Bożydar L. J
Gaś, Zbigniew B

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138050.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-07-30

Wydawca:

Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica

Tematy:

optimistic bias
misinformation
data selection
biconceptualism
coping mechanisms

Opis:

Poland’s inhabitants have often expressed disbelief and negative attitudes toward social isolation, combined with restlessness. This is due to a tendency to discount troubling informa tion while facing the unknown and counter-argue against information that causes discomfort and fear. This tendency helps humans to maintain hope and well-being. The study aimed to determine if Polish citizens tend to downplay or even deny danger when faced with a death threat. The study comprised 58 adults – 46 females 12 males, aged 21 to 49. The participants were asked to answer 12 questions defining their beliefs and attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic threat and its consequences. The subjects gave answers on the 5-point Likert scale, from "definitely not" to "definitely yes". The findings of the present study show that a considerable number of the participants tend to exhibit an optimistic bias. This is reflected in their direct statements and in the lack of congruence of their opinions. They do feel the threat of becoming ill but also seem to believe it need not affect them personally. They are also relatively optimistic about the outcomes of the pandemic. At the same time, they realize that COVID-19 may lead to severe psychological, neurological, and mental disorders. The study confirmed a tendency to deny the threat that can pose a severe risk to health and psychological well-being. This is a manifestation of an optimism bias that has its roots in the way the human brain works. The participants did express concerns about the future but at the same time hoped that life after the pandemic would return to normal. It reflects a benevolent facet of self-deception since it makes it possible to cope with highly threatening and impossible to control events.

Źródło:

Acta Neuropsychologica; 2021, 19(3); 319-328
1730-7503
2084-4298

Pojawia się w:

Acta Neuropsychologica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

Analiza wpływu korekcji biasu na dokładność produktów fotogrametrycznych z wysokorozdzielczych danych satelitarnych
The analysis of the effect of bias correction on the accuracy of photogrammetric products derived from high resolution satellite data

Autorzy:

Wilińska, M.
Kędzierski, M.
Dąbrowski, R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/209903.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego

Tematy:

fotogrametria
GeoEye-1
Ikonos-2
RPC
korekcja bias
orientacja scen stereo
NMT
ortoobraz
photogrammetry
bias compensation
sensor orientation
DTM
orthoimage

Opis:

Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie analizy orientacji scen stereo w zależności od liczby wykorzystanych fotopunktów, zbadanie wpływu odchyleń standardowych biasu na wyniki orientacji oraz ocena dokładnościowa numerycznych modeli terenu i ortoobrazów wygenerowanych z wysokorozdzielczych zobrazowań satelitarnych pozyskanych z satelitów GeoEye-1 oraz Ikonos-2. W literaturze anglojęzycznej tematykę biasu, czyli poprawki wynikającej z podniesienia dokładności korekcji RPC (ang. Rational Polynomial Coefficient), poruszają w swoich artykułach C. S. Fraser oraz H. B. Hanley. Podejmują oni głównie problem orientacji wysokorozdzielczych zobrazowań satelitarnych oraz wpływ biasu na jej wynik. W Polsce na temat ten napisano niewiele referatów, dlatego też nasz zespół zdecydował się na przeprowadzenie niezbędnych badań i analiz. Satelita GeoEye-1, po umieszczeniu na orbicie we wrześniu 2008 roku, osiągnął swoją pełną zdolność operacyjną już w lutym 2009 roku. Jako jeden z pierwszych dostarczał zobrazowań o półmetrowej rozdzielczości przestrzennej w zakresie panchromatycznym. Dlatego też przedmiotem badań były dwie panchromatyczne stereopary - jedna pozyskana właśnie z satelity GeoEye-1, a druga z Ikonos-2 wystrzelonego w 1999 roku. Zarówno Ikonos-2, jak i GeoEye-1 są reprezentatywnymi satelitami dostarczającymi wysokorozdzielczych danych obrazowych. Charakteryzują się podobnymi parametrami technicznymi, własnościami orbity, pozyskują zobrazowania w trybie panchromatycznym i wielospektralnym, a także dostarczają zobrazowań o rozdzielczości przestrzennej w zakresie panchromatycznym poniżej 1 metra. Opracowane stereopary przedstawiają miasto Hobart (Australia) oraz jego okolice. Jest to teren zróżnicowany topograficznie, obejmujący zatokę, obszar silnie zurbanizowany oraz zalesione pasmo górskie. Zakres wysokości obejmuje przedział około od 0 do 1300 m. Zróżnicowanie wysokościowe opracowywanego terenu miało znaczący wpływ na jakość finalnych produktów fotogrametrycznych, co również zostało przeanalizowane. Do opracowania wykorzystano część osnowy fotogrametrycznej pomierzonej w 2004 roku techniką GPS. Do orientacji użyto 19 fotopunktów. Istotą poniższych rozważań było porównanie wyników orientacji przeprowadzonej przy różnej liczbie fotopunktów, z zachowaniem stałej konfiguracji punktów kontrolnych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy określona została liczba fotopunktów właściwa dla orientacji każdej stereopary. Kolejnym zagadnieniem była korekcja biasu w RPC. Przeprowadzona została analiza zależności zachodzących pomiędzy obrazem a terenem podczas orientacji zobrazowań oraz opisano równania poprawek służące eliminacji biasu przed i po orientacji zewnętrznej, przeprowadzonej na podstawie oryginalnych RPC. Istotną kwestią było określenie zależności między wartością błędu RMS (ang. Root Mean Square) wykonanej orientacji a odchyleniem standardowym biasu w kierunkach osi układu obrazowego (wiersza i kolumny - ng. line i sample). Po określeniu liczby fotopunktów odpowiedniej do wykonania orientacji oraz najkorzystniejszych wartości odchyleń standardowych biasu w obu kierunkach, wygenerowane zostały numeryczne modele terenu. Zastosowano cyfrową korelację obrazów metodą ABM (ang. Area Based Matching). Wynikowy rozmiar pikseli numerycznych modeli terenu generowanych z obu stereopar wyniósł 10 m. Powstałe modele przebadano pod kątem dokładności pionowej położenia punktu, poprzez porównanie wysokości pomierzonych techniką GPS z tożsamymi wysokościami pomierzonymi na danym modelu wysokościowym. Kolejnym etapem było wygenerowanie ortoobrazów z pojedynczych zdjęć ze stereopary oraz przeanalizowanie ich dokładności. Wymiar oczka generowanych produktów fotogrametrycznych wyniósł odpowiednio dla GeoEye-1 0,5 m i 1 m dla Ikonosa-2. Analiza dokładności została przeprowadzona na podstawie porównania odległości między punktami kontrolnymi, pomierzonymi na ortoobrazach i niebiorącymi udziału w orientacji, a odległościami obliczonymi ze współrzędnych pomierzonych za pomocą techniki GPS. Opracowanie to dotyczy wyżej wymienionych zagadnień. Całość została zakończona podsumowaniem oraz wnioskami wynikłymi w trakcie badań.
The major purpose of this paper is to analyse stereopair orientation and bias compensation in rational polynomial coefficients. Moreover, the accuracy of digital terrain models and orthoimages generated from high-resolution satellite images acquired by GeoEye-1 and Ikonos-2 was evaluated. Bias, so the correction caused by increasing the accuracy of the RPC (Rational Polynomial Coefficient) correction, had been mentioned in a number of English articles by C. S. Fraser and H. B . H anley. They discuss the problem of orientation with regards to high resolution satellite imagery and the influence of bias on the results of this orientation. In Poland, there are not many publications concerning this topic, which is why our research team had decided to conduct the necessary research and analyses. GeoEye-1, launched in September 2008, commenced full commercial operations in February, 2009. As one of the first satellites it develops panchromatic images in a half-meter resolution. That is why the subject of this research are two panchromatic stereoscenes - one acquired by GeoEye-1, and second by Ikonos-2, launched in 1999. Both of them are representative satellites acquiring high-resolution image data. They have similar technique parameters, orbit characteristics, get images in panchromatic and multispectral modes and develop panchromatic scenes in less than 1-meter resolution. Used stereoscenes show the city of Hobart (Australia) and its neigbourhood. This area has variabled topography and includes the bay, strongly urban terrain and mountains covered with forest. The heights reach around from 0 to 1300 meters. This height variety can has significant impact on final photogrammetric products, what also was studied. In the project we used the part of the test field measured in 2004 by GPS, consisting of 19 control points which were used for orientation. The issue of this paper will be comparison of orientation effects carried on the different number of control points without changes in check point configuration. Depending on the analysis, the accurate number of control points to orientation of each stereoscenes was chosen. The next problem was bias compensation in RPC (Rational Polynomial Coefficients). An analysis of the relation had been conducted during scene orientation. Moreover, the correction equations of bias compensation before and after orientation depending on original RPC will be described. The important problem will be indication of relation between RMS error of orientation and standard deviation of line and sample in bias correction. After indication of the number of control points accurate to orientation and the most profitable parameters of line and sample, we generated digital terrain models. We used ABM correlation method. Output cell size for both of stereopairs was equal to 10 meters. Generated digital terrain models were studied in the aspect of point height accuracy by the comparison of heights measured by GPS with elevations measured on explored terrain models. The next stage was generation of orthoimages from single scenes of steropairs and analysis of their accuracy. The output cell size of generated photogrammetric products was equal to 0.5 and 1 meter for GeoEye-1 and Ikonos-2. Analysis of accuracy was provided in dependence on comparison of distances between check points not used in bundle adjustment and measured on generated orthoimages and distances computed from coordinates measured by GPS. The paper concerns the above problems and it is ended by summary and proposals coming from the research.

Źródło:

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2011, 60, 3; 335-352
1234-5865

Pojawia się w:

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

Robustness of estimation of first-order autoregressive model under contaminated uniform white noise

Autorzy:

Nouali, Karima

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729652.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii

Tematy:

autoregressive model
bias
MSE
robustness
generalized Beta distribution

Opis:

The first-order autoregressive model with uniform innovations is considered. In this paper, we study the bias-robustness and MSE-robustness of modified maximum likelihood estimator of parameter of the model against departures from distribution of white noise. We used the generalized Beta distribution to describe these departures.

Źródło:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2009, 29, 1; 53-68
1509-9423

Pojawia się w:

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

Efekt przetrwania i premia za przetrwanie na przykładzie stóp zwrotu polskich funduszy inwestycyjnych otwartych
Survivorship bias and survivor premium of open-end funds in Poland

Autorzy:

Trzebiński, Artur A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693173.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

survivorship bias
mutual funds
efekt przetrwania
fundusze inwestycyjne

Opis:

Survivorship bias is the difference in returns between a portfolio composed of surviving funds and a portfolio of all funds of the period. In the literature, survivorship bias is indicated as one of the methodological errors that may affect the results and conclusions of research on the performance of investment funds. The purpose of the study conducted was to determine survivorship bias for Polish open-end investment funds in the period 2005-2015. The analysis was made on an annual basis by adopting two different approaches to active funds (operating throughout and at the end of sub-periods of research). It highlighted the factors that may affect the size of the effect of survivorship bias. The bias appeared to be very small, but this does not mean that it should be completely ignored in research. The key factors influencing its size included the change in the management of investment strategies and mergers with other funds.
Istotą efektu przetrwania jest różnica między stopami zwrotu portfela złożonego z funduszy aktywnych i portfela obejmującego wszystkie fundusze z danego okresu. W literaturze efekt przetrwania wskazywany jest jako jeden z błędów metodologicznych, który może wpływać na wyniki i wnioski z badań nad dochodowością i efektywnością funduszy inwestycyjnych. W artykule przeprowadzono badanie, którego celem było określenie wysokości efektu przetrwania dla polskich funduszy inwestycyjnych otwartych w latach 2005-2015. Analizę przeprowadzono w okresach rocznych, przyjmując dwa różne podejścia do funduszy aktywnych (działające przez całe podokresy badadawcze i na ich koniec) oraz zwrócono uwagę na czynniki, które mogą wpływać na wysokość efektu przetrwania. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że efekt przetrwania powinien być uwzględniany głównie w badaniach obejmujących fundusze akcyjne. Natomiast kluczowym czynnikiem wpływającym na wysokość efektu przetrwania nie okazało się likwidowanie funduszy, ale zmienianie przez zarządzających strategii inwestycyjnych i łączenie z innymi funduszami.

Źródło:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2016, 78, 3; 169-187
0035-9629
2543-9170

Pojawia się w:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

The Bias of Mediatization: Utopia in Charlottesville

Autorzy:

Mlađenović, Nikola

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691360.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej

Tematy:

mediatization
neoliberalism
populism
bias of communication
Donald Trump

Opis:

The paper reconstructs Harold innis’ idea of media’s bias. It is argued that media construct a view of the future in line with temporalized Platonism that excludes people that belong to the past. The clash of statues and media in Charlottesville presented mediatization as a progressive but not dialectical force. Statues and media did not check each other’s biases. Media embody the confrontation of authority and publicity (Habermas) or the Enlightenment and Absolutism (Koselleck). After the neoliberal commercialization, the Enlightenment acquired the form of utopian future that confronts the media logic against conservative forces. The truth is constructed according to the prescribed future. Trump blamed all, in accordance with the Absolutist principle. Commercial media professionalism stood by its Enlightenment origins and accused Trump of revitalizing forces of the past. Because most citizens were against taking down the statues, commercialized media logic was less receiver steering than the public service media.

Źródło:

Mediatization Studies; 2019, 3
2451-1188

Pojawia się w:

Mediatization Studies

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

Wpływ cech populacji i środowiska na dokładność i precyzję wyników symulacji lotniczej inwentaryzacji zwierzyny
Effects of population and habitat characteristics on the accuracy and precision of wildlife aerial surveys results

Autorzy:

Witczuk, J.
Pagacz, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979294.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne

Tematy:

bias
drone
simulations
thermal infrared
variability
wildlife monitoring

Opis:

Estimation of population abundance is one of the most difficult tasks in wildlife management. In case of forest−dwelling ungulates, none of the currently available survey methods is satisfying in terms of accuracy, precision, and cost−effectiveness. Therefore, we propose a new method of ungulate monitoring based on distance sampling and using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with thermal infrared cameras. The method is potentially more reliable and cost−effective than conventional survey techniques. It also allows for aerial surveys in the dark when animals are most active. However, the method needs to be tested before wide−scale implementation in wildlife management practice. While the effects of sampling design and effort on accuracy and precision of abundance estimates are well recognized, the importance of population and habitat characteristics is often overlooked by wildlife managers. We used simulations to assess the effects of population size, animal aggregation, and habitat−depended detection probability on the accuracy and precision of wildlife aerial survey results. We created 1000 virtual populations defined by population density (2−22 individuals/100 ha), mean group size (1−6 individuals), and probability of animal detection during surveys (proportional to canopy cover, 30−60%). Animals were distributed on a virtual study area (5000 ha) according to randomly generated density distribution. Each population was subjected to 25 simulated surveys using the same design (39 transects grouped in three 2.0×2.5 km blocks). The transects covered 12% of the entire study area. We used conventional distance sampling to estimate abundance and generalized linear models to assess the effect of each parameter on the accuracy and precision of estimates. The estimation accuracy was mostly affected by the probability of detection (B=–0.75) and, to a lesser degree, by aggre− gation (B=–0.25) and population size (B=0.09). Precision was influenced by the aggregation (B=0.32) and population size (B=–0.26), while detection probability had a weaker effect (B=–0.11). Observed significant differences in quality of abundance estimates derived by the same survey design, but with differing population and habitat characteristics, indicate that each survey requires an individual approach. It is impossible to formulate general recommendations, e.g. concerning flight plan or area coverage. To achieve the required level of precision, while minimizing the survey costs, it is necessary to test alternative survey designs with the aid of computer simulations.

Źródło:

Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 560-567
0039-7660

Pojawia się w:

Sylwan

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Advances in antithetic time series analysis: separating fact from artifact

Autorzy:

Ridley, D.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406377.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Tematy:

combining
antithetic
time series
bias correction
serial correlation

Opis:

The problem of biased time series mathematical model parameter estimates is well known to be insurmountable. When used to predict future values by extrapolation, even a de minimis bias will eventually grow into a large bias, with misleading results. This paper elucidates how combining antithetic time series solves this baffling problem of bias in the fitted and forecast values by dynamic bias cancellation. Instead of growing to infinity, the average error can converge to a constant.

Źródło:

Operations Research and Decisions; 2016, 26, 3; 57-68
2081-8858
2391-6060

Pojawia się w:

Operations Research and Decisions

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

Electroluminescence of InGaN/GaN heterostructures at the reverse bias and nitrogen temperature

Autorzy:

Veleschuk, V
Vlasenko, A
Kisselyuk, M
Vlasenko, Z
Khmil, D
Borshch, V

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174776.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Tematy:

electroluminescence at reverse bias
InGaN/GaN heterostructures
defect

Opis:

The electroluminescence spectra at reverse biases in LED InGaN/GaN heterostructures at liquid nitrogen temperatures were studied. At the reverse bias and T = 77 K, avalanche microplasmas breakdowns were observed. Electroluminescence spectra demonstrate two peaks caused by the recombination of carriers in different parts of the structure (quantum well and p-GaN layer). The temperature narrowing the half-width and the shift of electroluminescence spectra peaks inherent to microplasmas were observed.

Źródło:

Optica Applicata; 2015, 45, 4; 535-543
0078-5466
1899-7015

Pojawia się w:

Optica Applicata

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

Disqualification of en employee of a public administration authority in the European Union Member States

Autorzy:

Kmiecik, Zbigniew

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28861135.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

administrative proceedings
impartiality
bias
close persons
consanguinity
affinity

Opis:

One of the rules contained in the Code of Good Administrative Behavior adopted in 2001 by the European Parliament is the principle of impartiality and independence (Article 8). The presence of this rule, despite its non-binding nature, prompted the author to examine – using the method of comparative law analysis – whether the EU Member States have regulated this issue in their legal systems – and if so, to what extent and how. The basic institution serving the implementation of this principle is the disqualification of an employee of the authority from participation in the proceedings in situations where their impartiality seems to be at risk. Not all EU countries explicitly provide for such an institution. Among the legal systems that contain it, only some regulate the entirety of issues related to it: the grounds for disqualification, the procedure for disqualification and the consequences of it, as well as the appealability of orders taken in this matter and the consequences of violating the provisions on disqualification. Regulations of individual issues differ in the degree of detail. This applies primarily to the reasons for the disqualification of an employee of the authority. The most important reason for the disqualification of employees (except when they or their spouse are a party to the proceedings) is the consanguinity or affinity between them and the party. However, the ranges of such ties resulting in automatic disqualification of an employee, adopted in EU member states, differ significantly. The second area of significant difference is the consequences of the potentially biased employee’s participation in the proceedings. The solutions adopted in this regard in legislation and jurisprudence depend on how the main purpose of the provisions concerning the disqualification of an employee is perceived: as strengthening the public’s trust in the executive, or as a fair settlement of the matter.

Źródło:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2023, 85, 2; 109-126
0035-9629
2543-9170

Pojawia się w:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Assessing the gender wage gap: Turkey in the years 2002-2019

Autorzy:

Koral, Zeynep Aktaş
Mercan, Murat Anıl

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837687.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-03-30

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

Tematy:

gender wage gap
gender wage discrimination
selection bias
Turkey

Opis:

This study investigates the wage diefrential and discrimination between genders in Turkey based on data taken from the nationally representative Turkish Household Labour Survey for 2002 to 2019. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used which was then integrated into the Heckman's selection correction procedure. It was found that the gender wage gap is small in the Turkish labour market, while most of this gap originates from the discrimination against women. In addition ignoring the occupational and sectoral effects on the gender wage gap could result in underestimation of the discrimination effects both directly and indirectly through higher human capital of female employees. Lastly all these indicate that the results could likely be specific to the data set.

Źródło:

Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 1; 90-112
2392-1641

Pojawia się w:

Economics and Business Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification

Autorzy:

Lone, Hilal A.
Tailor, Rajesh

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465656.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

finite population mean
post-stratification
bias
mean squared error

Opis:

This paper addressed the problem of estimation of finite population mean in the case of post-stratification. Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification are suggested. The biases and mean squared errors of the suggested estimators are obtained up to the first degree of approximation. Theoretical and empirical studies have been done to demonstrate better efficiencies of the suggested estimators than other considered estimators.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2015, 16, 1; 53-64
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

Estimation of Population Mean Using Two Auxiliary Sources in Sample Surveys

Autorzy:

Shukla, Diwakar
Pathak, Sharad
Thakur, Narendra Singh

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465744.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Family of estimators
SRSWOR
Bias and Mean squared error

Opis:

This paper proposes families for estimation of population mean of the main variable under study using the information on two different auxiliary variables under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme. Three different classes of estimators are constructed, examined with a complete study with other existing estimators. The expression for bias and mean squared error of the proposed families are obtained up to first order of approximation. Usual ratio estimator, product estimator, dual to ratio estimator, ratio-cum-product type estimator and many more estimators are identified as particular members of the suggested family. Expressions of optimization are derived and theoretical results are supported by numerical examples.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2012, 13, 1; 21-36
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

A General Family of Dual to Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator in Sample Surveys

Autorzy:

Singh, Rajesh
Kumar, Mukesh
Chauhan, Pankaj
Sawan, Nirmala
Smarandache, Florentin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465772.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Family of estimators
auxiliary variables
bias
mean-squared error

Opis:

This paper presents a family of dual to ratio-cum-product estimators for the finite population mean. Under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme, expressions of the bias and mean-squared error (MSE) up to the first order of approximation are derived. We show that the proposed family is more efficient than usual unbiased estimator, ratio estimator, product estimator, Singh estimator (1967), Srivenkataramana (1980) and Bandyopadhyaya estimator (1980) and Singh et al. (2005) estimator. An empirical study is carried out to illustrate the performance of the constructed estimator over others.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 3; 587-594
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Estimation of Population Mean Using Multi-Auxiliary Characters With Subsampling The Nonrespondents

Autorzy:

Khare, B. B.
Sinha, R. R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465983.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

Population mean
Bias
Mean square error
Multi-auxiliary characters

Opis:

The aim of this paper is to suggest a class of two phase sampling estimators for population mean using multi-auxiliary characters in presence of non-response on study character. The expressions for bias and mean square error are obtained. The condition for minimum mean square error of the proposed class of estimators has been given. The optimum values of the size of first phase sample, second phase sample and the sub sampling fraction of non-responding group have been determined for the fixed cost and for the specified precision. A comparative study of the proposed class of estimators has been carried out with an empirical study.

Źródło:

Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 1; 45-56
1234-7655

Pojawia się w:

Statistics in Transition new series

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

Stopień stronniczości polskich dzienników ogólnoinformacyjnych (wybrane wyznaczniki)
Degree of bias in polish general-information newspapers (selected determinants)

Autorzy:

Olechowska, Paulina

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514511.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych

Tematy:

media bias
media-party parallelism
polish general-information newspapers

Opis:

This article attempts to determine the degree of bias in Polish general-information newspapers (“Gazeta Polska Codziennie”, “Nasz Dziennik”, “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Rzeczpospolita”), based on selected determinants. They include: thematic agenda, political pluralism and media coverage, degree of directives and persuasiveness of messages. The author used the method of content analysis of press, analysis method and synthesis method.

Źródło:

Political Preferences; 2017, 16; 107-130
2449-9064

Pojawia się w:

Political Preferences

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Wady i zalety wskaźnika cen towarów i usług konsumpcyjnych – szacunki obciążenia
The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Consumer Price Index: Estimates of the Measurement Bias for Poland

Autorzy:

Hałka, Aleksandra
Leszczyńska, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574277.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011-09-30

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych

Tematy:

Inflation
CPI bias
Fisher index
Laspeyres index
democratic index

Opis:

The article deals with the problem of a measurement bias related to the consumer price index (CPI) for Poland. According to the authors, the bias is due to two basic factors: a substitution effect and the use of plutocratic weights for calculating the price index. The research was conducted comparing the CPI index published in Poland with superlative indices and a democratic index. The calculations were made on the basis of data from the 2005-2009 period. The research did not confirm the occurrence of an upward bias for the CPI index, the authors say, and the results point to a slight underestimation of the CPI as a result of the substitution effect and the use of plutocratic weights: by 0.1 and 0.3 percentage points respectively. The negative bias resulting from the substitution effect is an atypical result in the context of research for other countries. A deeper analysis revealed that this situation may be explained in two ways, the authors say. On the one hand, the lack of overestimation may be due to frequent changes in the structure of weights used to calculate the CPI, which leads to better adaptation of the indicator to changes taking place in the structure of consumption. On the other hand, the prices of consumer goods and services-which are subject to relatively stable demand-grew at a faster rate than the CPI index in the analyzed period, and a positive rate of growth has been observed in real household incomes over the past decade. In turn, the examination of the “plutocratic gap” revealed that the CPI (plutocratic) index for Poland is lower than the democratic index, the authors say. They conclude that the result of the examination of the “plutocratic gap” is compatible with research for other countries.

Źródło:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 250, 9; 51-75
2300-5238

Pojawia się w:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

Interlocutors-Related and Hearer-Specific Causes of Misunderstanding: Processing Strategy, Confirmation Bias and Weak Vigilance

Autorzy:

Padilla Cruz, Manuel

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620942.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

misunderstanding
processing strategy
confirmation bias
epistemic vigilance
hermeneutical vigilance

Opis:

Noises, similarities between words, slips of the tongue, ambiguities, wrong or false beliefs, lexical deficits, inappropriate inferences, cognitive overload, non-shared knowledge, topic organisation or focusing problems, among others, may cause misunderstanding. While some of these are structural factors, others pertain to the speaker or to both the speaker and the hearer. In addition to stable factors connected with the interlocutors’ communicative abilities, cultural knowledge or patterns of thinking, other less stable factors, such as their personal relationships, psychological states or actions motivated by physiological functions, may also result in communicative problems. This paper considers a series of further factors that may eventually lead to misunderstanding, and which solely pertain to the hearer: processing strategy, confirmation bias and weak vigilance.

Źródło:

Research in Language; 2017, 15, 1; 11-36
1731-7533

Pojawia się w:

Research in Language

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

A New Instrument for Measuring the Local Causal Effect of Privatisation on Firm Performance
Wykorzystanie nowego instrumentu do lokalnego pomiaru wpływu prywatyzacji na wyniki przedsiębiorstw

Autorzy:

Hagemejer, Jan
Tyrowicz, Joanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142138.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-09-30

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych

Tematy:

prywatyzacja
wyniki przedsiębiorstw
endogeniczność
firm performance
privatisation
endogeneity bias

Opis:

Despite an apparent consensus in the literature that privatisation universally leads to an increase in firm performance, the problem of endogeneity bias is profound and has been emphasised in a number of meta-analyses. We propose a new instrument to address the endogeneity bias and apply it to Polish medium-sized and large firms in the period of 1995 to 2008. We find that improvements in firm performance are not universal; in particular, we find no improvement among manufacturing firms privatised to domestic investors.
Pomimo istnienia w literaturze ewidentnego konsensusu, że prywatyzacja jednoznacznie prowadzi do wzrostu produktywności i zyskowności przedsiębiorstw, problem obciążenia estymatorów wywołany endogenicznością jest znaczny, co potwierdzają liczne metaanalizy. W artykule zaproponowano nową metodę rozwiązującą problem endogeniczności, którą stosuje się do danych o uniwersum polskich średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw w latach 1995–2008. Rezultaty estymacji wskazują, że wywołana prywatyzacją poprawa wyników przedsiębiorstw widoczna jest jedynie w niektórych ich grupach.

Źródło:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2020, 303, 3; 35-52
2300-5238

Pojawia się w:

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

Multiplicative method for reduction of bias in indirect digital measurement result

Autorzy:

Muravyov, S. V.
Zlygosteva, G. V.
Borikov, V. N.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221726.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

bias
error reduction technique
shunt ohmic resistance
indirect measurement

Opis:

The error reduction technique, based on inverse transformation, for a shunt active resistance measurement using an ammeter and voltmeter is considered. When computing a corrected reading only multiplicative operations on two measurement results are used, namely squaring and division. The proposed method allows to increase resistance measurement accuracy by about two orders of magnitude what has been validated by both theoretical and experimental outcomes.

Źródło:

Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 3; 481-489
0860-8229

Pojawia się w:

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

Wpływ zmian globalnej awersji do ryzyka na eksperckie prognozy kursów walutowych w kontekście rosnącej internacjonalizacji rynków finansowych
Impact of changing risk aversion on professionals’ exchange rate forecasts in the context of growing internationalization of financial markets

Autorzy:

Jaworski, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964162.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach

Tematy:

Globalizacja
Obciążenie prognoz
Volatility Index – VIX
Forecast bias
Globalization

Opis:

Zaobserwowano, że prognozy eksperckie analityków wykazują tendencję do błędu w tym samym kierunku („przestrzelenie” w górę albo w dół w stosunku do realizacji) jednocześnie w przypadku większości kursów walutowych rynków wschodzących. W dobie rosnącej internacjonalizacji coraz większą rolę w kształtowaniu kursów walutowych odgrywają mechanizmy związane z globalnymi przepływami kapitału. W artykule wykazano, że zmiany globalnej awersji do ryzyka są czynnikiem powodującym zakłócenia prognoz analityków, a mianowicie występowania jednokierunkowego błędu tych prognoz. Wyniki te dotyczą powiązań nastrojów rynkowych w różnych krajach wskutek globalizacji oraz ich wpływu na zaburzenia oczekiwań rynkowych co do przyszłej wartości kursów walutowych. Mają one znaczenie w analizie własności prognoz kursowych przygotowywanych przez ekspertów – w szczególności w zakresie równania oczekiwań do średniej (mean reversion) oraz obciążenia prognoz (bias).
It was observed that professionals’ exchange rate forecasts show a tendency to miss the target in the same fashion (overshooting or undershooting vs. the ex post observation) simultaneously in the case of the majority of emerging markets’ exchange rates. Considering growing internationalization, global capital flows play a crucial role in foreign exchange rates fluctuations. This paper shows that changing risk aversion negatively impacts experts’ forecasting accuracy, namely causes the aforementioned one-sided errors. Such finding is noteworthy in the context of interrelationship of market sentiments in different countries due to globalization and its impact on distortions in exchange rate expectations. Our results are also vital regarding the properties of professionals’ exchange rate forecasts – particularly regarding mean reversion and forecast bias.

Źródło:

Studia Ekonomiczne; 2018, 372; 149-160
2083-8611

Pojawia się w:

Studia Ekonomiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

Słowo magiczne jako działanie – o kilku walorach koncepcji Bronisława Malinowskiego
Magical Word as an Action. A Few Thoughts about Bronisław Malinowski’s Concepts

Autorzy:

Rakoczy, Marta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635847.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

magical word
literacy
textual bias
textualisation
„magical world view”

Opis:

This article concerns Bronisław Malinowski’s ethnographical theory  of magical word. His theory was a revolutionary one for two reasons (1)  he claimed that magical word is not an instrument of understanding of „primitive mentality” (2) he argued that analysis of magical word  demanded abandoning  of  textual  bias  which  entailed  our  seeing  linguistic  genres  as semantically autonomous texts. Malinowski was not so interested in the question of literacy. He  remarked, though,  that  writing  determinated  our  linguistic  reflection  and  that  magical word, as another oral linguistic genres, demanded a radical rejection of textual conceptions of  meaning,  language and folklore.  Although  Malinowski’s  methodological  stipulations were not always consistent and his rejection of textual bias was fairly half, his abandonment of the conception of „magical world view” which is  a foundation for uses of magic is still up-to-date. 

Źródło:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2013, 4
2084-3011

Pojawia się w:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

Afterthoughts on biases in history perception

Autorzy:

Dymkowski, Maciej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430109.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

cognitive bias
common-sense psychology
historical interpretation
history perception

Opis:

Contemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/ her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.

Źródło:

Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 2; 84-90
0079-2993

Pojawia się w:

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 50.

Tytuł:

On Synthetic Ratio Estimator Based on Superpopulation Approach
O syntetycznym estymatorze ilorazowym z punktu widzenia podejścia modelowego

Autorzy:

Żądło, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904709.pdf

Data publikacji:

2005

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

small area statistics
superpopulation approach
model misspecification
ξ-bias

Opis:

In the paper properties of a predictor of the form of synthetic ratio estimator of domain total, known from randomisation approach, are considered. The proof of its ξ-unbiasedness for simple regression superpopulation model in strata is shown. For the model BLU predictor is also presented. Equations of prediction variances of both predictors are derived. For considered predictors the problem of model misspecification is considered and equations of prediction mean square errors arc derived. The comparison of accuracy is supported by simulation study.
W opracowaniu rozważane są z punktu widzenia podejścia modelowego własności predyktora postaci syntetycznego estymatora ilorazowego wartości globalnej w domenie znanego z podejścia randomizacyjnego. Przedstawiony jest dowód jego ξ-nieobciążoności dla prostego regresyjnego modelu nadpopulacji w warstwach. Dla tego modelu zaprezentowany jest także predyktor typu BLU. Wyprowadzone są wzory opisujące wariancje predykcji obu predyktorów dla wspomnianego modelu nadpopulacji. Dla obu predyktorów rozważany jest także problem nieprawidłowej specyfikacji modelu nadpopulacji i dla tego przypadku wyprowadzone są błędy średniokwadratowe predykcji. Porównanie dokładności obu predyktorów wsparte jest analizą symulacyjną.

Źródło:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2005, 194
0208-6018
2353-7663

Pojawia się w:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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