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    Tytuł:
    Sky glint correction in measurements of upward radiance above the sea surface
    Autorzy:
    Olszewski, J.
    Kowalczuk, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48314.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    marine optics
    coastal water
    remote sensing
    glint reduction
    ocean water
    sea surface
    Opis:
    An experiment has been performed to determine the upward water-leaving radiance by non-contact measurement of the total upward and downward radiance above the sea surface from a moving ship. The method for achieving this aim is described: the radiance meters are both tilted in such a way that the upward radiance meter can ‘see’ that part of the measured downward radiance which would be reflected if the water surface were smooth and which is not derived directly from solar glitter. Both meters are firmly fixed in a special frame, which ensures that the required orientation is the most probable one. Time records of the measured parameters are analysed. The results are presented in several forms: frequency (histogram) analysis appears to be the most promising one.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2000, 42, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical Predictions for Rising Water Levels in the Oceans
    Autorzy:
    Zurbenko, Igor G.
    Potrzeba-Macrina, Amy L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031426.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Global temperature
    Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filters
    linear / non-linear extrapolations
    ocean water levels
    Opis:
    Global warming is an important and popular subject across global communities and in a wide array of literature. Global weather patterns are becoming more violent with an increase in the number of catastrophic events. The fundamental concepts of climate are strongly related to the natural freezers on planet Earth. Global warming affects Earth’s natural ice freezers. The warming climate in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are causing an increase in the melting of glaciers, which in turn generates a rise in ocean levels. The rising water levels are causing major regional problems in coastal areas and more importantly they are further accelerating global warming and extreme weather effects. This paper examines the long-term warming of the Arctic and Antarctic regions and the long-term rising water levels in the oceans, in addition to making predictions of these trends for the upcoming decades.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2021, 152; 1-14
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of bio-optical parameters of open ocean waters
    Autorzy:
    Pelevin, V.N.
    Rostovtseva, V.V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48307.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    yellow substance
    chlorophyll pigment
    pigment
    suspended matter
    bio-optical modelling
    ocean water
    light absorption
    Opis:
    An original method for estimating the concentration of chlorophyll pigments, absorption of yellow substance and absorption of suspended matter without pigments and yellow substance in detritus using spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance and irradiance reflectance data has been applied to sea waters of different types in the open ocean (case 1). Using the effective numerical single parameter classification with the water type optical index m as a parameter over the whole range of the open ocean waters, the calculations have been carried out and the light absorption spectra of sea waters tabulated. These spectra are used to optimize the absorption models and thus to estimate the concentrations of the main admixtures in sea water. The value of m can be determined from direct measurements of the downward irradiance attenuation coefficient at 500 nm or calculated from remote sensing data using the regressions given in the article. The sea water composition can then be readily estimated from the tables given for any open ocean area if that one parameter m characterizing the basin is known.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2001, 43, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tracing palaeocurrents from the Arctic Realm into the Tethys Ocean: the use of glendonite as an indicator for cold bottom water masses
    Autorzy:
    Merkel, Anna
    Munnecke, Alex
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202087.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    Tethys
    ocean
    water
    Opis:
    Today, the global conveyor belt of ocean currents is controlled by the configuration of continents and the climate. Conversely, ocean currents influence water and air temperatures as well as the amount of rainfall on a regional to local scale. In addition, they govern species distribution patterns, sedimentation patterns and the dispersal of nutrients in both oceans and epeiric seas. Therefore, the reconstruction of palaeocurrents is crucial for the understanding of ancient environments and the past climate. An important driver for the global ocean circulation is the formation of deep water. However, deep-water production is difficult to estimate, and its circulation is difficult to reconstruct, not only today but especially in the geological record. Palaeocurrent reconstructions are often based on the temporal and spatial distribution of marine species. In this presentation, a new approach is proposed which uses the occurrence of glendonites as a proxy for cool bottom currents. Glendonites are pseudomorphs after the hydrous carbonate mineral ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) which only forms in environments characterised by near-freezing temperatures. Throughout the Phanerozoic, glendonites can be found in successions which were deposited in high latitudes. However, examples of glendonite occurrences in mid-latitudinal sections are also reported. One of these examples are upper Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) glendonites from a shallow-marine succession in South Germany which was located in the European epicontinental sea  – an area, where it was technically too warm to form the precursor mineral ikaite. Based on petrographical and sedimentological investigations as well as stable isotope analyses it is concluded that a low temperature was the main factor for ikaite formation in the studied section. To explain the low water temperatures, a model for a thermohaline circulation in the European epicontinental sea is proposed. The cool climate in the late Pliensbachian initiated the growth of sea ice in high latitudes, leading to the formation of cold and saline bottom waters analogous to the modern formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). The cold bottom current flowed southward from the Arctic Realm through the Viking Corridor into the European Epicontinental Sea, thereby causing a massive cooling of the deeper parts of the epeiric sea, which led to the formation of ikaite in temperate areas. After passing the shelf, the bottom current entered the Western Tethys, probably forming a deep water mass. The proposed model can help to explain mid-latitudinal glendonite occurrences not only in the Pliensbachian, but also in other areas and time slices which are characterised by cooling. Moreover, it enables the use of the pseudomorph as a tracer for cold bottom currents which can be a helpful tool for the reconstruction of global ocean current patterns.
    Źródło:
    Geotourism / Geoturystyka; 2023, 1-2 (72-73); 49--49
    1731-0830
    Pojawia się w:
    Geotourism / Geoturystyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Response of Eastern Indian Ocean (ODP Site 762B) benthic foraminiferal assemblages to the closure of the Indonesian seaway
    Autorzy:
    Rai, A.K.
    Singh, V.B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48495.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Indian Ocean
    benthic foraminifera
    productivity
    upwelling
    oligotrophic water
    surface water
    Pliocene
    atmospheric circulation
    ocean circulation
    thermohaline circulation
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2012, 54, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Overview of Oceanic Eddies in Indonesia Seas Based on the Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Surface Height
    Autorzy:
    Purba, Noir P.
    Faizal, Ibnu
    Damanik, Finri S.
    Rachim, Fadliyan R.
    Mulyani, Putri G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031834.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Eddies
    Indonesia Throughflow
    Ocean Fronts
    Water Mass
    Opis:
    One of the complexities of the ocean currents in the territorial waters of Indonesia is oceanic eddies form. Ocean eddy is one of the very crucial phenomena in the ocean due to its circulation and connection with the chemical and biological aspects in the water column. This study aimed to observe the distribution of oceanic eddies associated with the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Height (SSH) with the Automatic Eddy Detection (AED) method. The analysis included distribution and types correlated with seasons. The results showed that eddies occur in all regions in the Indonesian Seas except the Java Sea. In general, the occurrence of eddies every month does not differ significantly for both Ocean Cyclonic Eddies (OCE) and Ocean Anticyclonic Eddies (OAE). The total oceanic eddies in a year are around 1,149 events. A minimum radius of the ocean eddies found was about 5.08 km, and a maximum was around 386.76 km. Furthermore, the occurrence of OCE is mostly in locations that are almost the same as OAE. Both types of eddy are mostly in locations with the boundary of temperatures and the boundary of SSH. Several eddies exist every month and mostly change or move into other areas. Eddies in Indonesia seas are influenced by differences of SST and different SSH that form ocean currents. One of the complexities of the ocean currents in the territorial waters of Indonesia is oceanic eddies form. Ocean eddy is one of the very crucial phenomena in the ocean due to its circulation and connection with the chemical and biological aspects in the water column. This study aimed to observe the distribution of oceanic eddies associated with the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Height (SSH) with the Automatic Eddy Detection (AED) method. The analysis included distribution and types correlated with seasons. The results showed that eddies occur in all regions in the Indonesian Seas except the Java Sea. In general, the occurrence of eddies every month does not differ significantly for both Ocean Cyclonic Eddies (OCE) and Ocean Anticyclonic Eddies (OAE). The total oceanic eddies in a year are around 1,149 events. A minimum radius of the ocean eddies found was about 5.08 km, and a maximum was around 386.76 km. Furthermore, the occurrence of OCE is mostly in locations that are almost the same as OAE. Both types of eddy are mostly in locations with the boundary of temperatures and the boundary of SSH. Several eddies exist every month and mostly change or move into other areas. Eddies in Indonesia seas are influenced by differences of SST and different SSH that form ocean currents.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2020, 147; 166-178
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ship seakeeping in UKC determination – a further study on wave force transfer functions
    Autorzy:
    Artyszuk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359064.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    ship seakeeping
    ocean wave
    shallow water
    motion dynamics
    Opis:
    Modeling of ship motions in waves concentrates in most applications on the response amplitude operator (RAO). This mathematically not demanding method of analysis is very attractive, but loses some essential information in certain situations. The objective of present contribution is to establish and investigate preliminary foundations for a seakeeping model as optimal for under keel clearance (UKC) estimation. A special attention was devoted to transients of motions, stationary harmonic motions, coupling between degrees of freedom, and the wave force transfer functions – all in the aspect of shallow water environment.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 32 (104) z. 2; 5-15
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Names of Watercourses and Natural Water Reservoirs in Middle English
    Autorzy:
    Wrzesińska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888981.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    watercourse
    water reservoir
    river
    stream
    ocean
    sea
    lake
    Opis:
    Geographical words referring to water, such as river, stream sea or lake, have been used in language since the earliest. As water is considered essential for life in general, the names of water reservoirs and watercourses became popular and frequently used items in all languages. The present study is focused on the English names of natural water reservoirs (sea, lake) and watercourses (river, stream) and their regional spread in the 12th–15th centuries. The Old English names of watercourses and natural water reservoirs, sӕ, flod and ea, either survived in Middle English in a modified form or were (rarely) replaced by loanwords as the effect of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century. The research is concentrated on texts selected from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose (Marcus 2008), with some material coming from the OED and MED. The analysis will show the extent of the loss of the original Anglo-Saxon words or their spread, frequently with a modified meaning. The analysis will also include the statistics of the terms in question in prose texts representing the chief dialects of the period. As regards the method, the present author makes use of the traditional semantic theories (e.g. Lyons 1977) and the prototype theory (e.g. Geeraerts 1997).
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2016, 25/2; 101-115
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the geometry of ocean surface waves
    Autorzy:
    Massel, S.R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48766.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    air-sea interaction
    atmosphere-ocean interaction
    deep water
    dynamic factor
    geometry
    irregular wave
    marine environment
    ocean surface
    regular wave
    shallow water
    surface wave
    water motion
    wave breaking
    wave slope
    Opis:
    The factors influencing the atmosphere-ocean transfer of mass and momentum, as well as incipient wave breaking and the amount of energy dissipated due to breaking, are discussed in detail. In particular, the influence of directional spreading on the statistics of surface wave slopes and the area of the wind- roughened ocean surface is demonstrated. Theoretical analysis and comparison with the available experimental data show that unimodal directional spreading is not able to reproduce the observed ratio of the cross-wind/up-wind mean square slopes. Better agreement is achieved when bimodal directional spreading, consisting of two wrapped-Gaussian distributions, is applied. The bimodal form suggested by Ewans (1998) is used in the paper. Moreover, the formulae developed here show that the increase in the area due to surface waves is rather small for both regular and irregular waves.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surface waves in deep and shallow waters
    Autorzy:
    Massel, S.R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48826.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    surface wave
    deep
    shallow water
    dynamic factor
    marine environment
    atmosphere-ocean interaction
    ocean form
    air-sea interface
    hydrodynamics
    Opis:
    The motion of water due to surface waves is the most dynamic factor observed in the marine environment. In this review various aspects of the wave modelling of non-linear, steep surface waves and their role in the atmosphere-ocean interaction are discussed. Significant improvements in wave forecasting have been made in the last ten years. This is to a large extent related to substantial progress in the description of wind forcing and other processes, as well as to the more efficient use of satellite observations and assimilation methods. One striking observation is the increasing variety and complexity of models in which more physical processes are implemented, greater precision and resolution achieved and extended ranges of applicability demonstrated. However, in order to evaluate the applicability of particular models, comparison with high quality experimental data, collected in nature or under laboratory conditions, is necessary.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2010, 52, 1; 5-52
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Basis of high-pressure water jet implementation for poly-metallic concretions output from the oceans bottom
    Podstawy stosowania wysokociśnieniowej strugi wodnej do wydobywania konkrecji polimetalicznych z dna oceanicznego
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, P.
    Borkowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819583.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    dno oceaniczne
    konkrecja polimetaliczna
    struga wodna
    ocean floor
    concretion polymetallic
    stream water
    Opis:
    Comprehensive knowledge and modern technique make it possible to reach for different natural resources deposited in water or on oceans bottom or even in stratum below the bottom. World ocean takes over 71% of our globe and considering continuous shrinking of natural resources of raw materials and fuels it becomes nowadays the area of intensive geological exploration. Having in mind the fact that most of typical land resources of useful minerals will last at the very most 50÷200 years, adequate reserves laying down at the bottom of the world sea may give our civilization a chance for several thousand years' development, according to scientist calculations [14]. Taking above into consideration, all seas and oceans shelves were divided into plots and fields. Many shelves are explored nowadays concerning petroleum and natural gas and such output reaching the level of 20% of total production [5]. Basing on different research and exploration it was found that the bottom and under bottom resources of natural minerals are gigantic. Technological development as well as huge investments caused that this XXI century starts new beginning of oceans exploitation [15] and its conquest. Careful investigations especially of deep resources exploration still is future matter. However nowadays there are rich useful minerals areas deposited at the bottom in the form of poly-metallic concretions. These are o res in the form of nodules including metals e.g.: manganese, cobalt, copper, iron and nickel. Among six different areas rich in concretions, the most perspective one is Clarion-Clipperton where such minerals concentration exceeds 10 kg/m2 [9]. This area region is located at Pacific in equatorial zone including undersea bottom leap down at the level range of 4200 to 5200 m [12]. Since 1992 Poland as so called investing pioneer (representing international organization Interocenametal) has the right to explore plot in the range of mentioned Clarion-Clipperton region of area of 150.000 km2 [7]. This paper presents basis of unconventional technology of poly-metallic concretions output by application of high-pressure cavitation water jet [1] with addition of dry ice particles CO2 as a medium helpful for material loosening form the ground. Such ice particle resistance to hygroscopicity causes that it doesn't have tendencies for lumping and therefore it may keep predicted ability for sublimation. Adequate intensity of this phenomenon [3, 4] in conditions analogical to those existing down at the sea bottom proceeds in a long time [7]. Considering above the gas form of CO2 may cause proper draught of water flow in elastic transportation pipeline. In turn for vertical transport intensification there is need to use additional air injector.
    W pracy scharakteryzowano konkrecje polimetaliczne zalegające dno oceaniczne oraz ich zasoby i miejsca występowania, zwłaszcza w przyznanym Polsce obszarze pomiędzy uskokami dna pacyficznego o nazwie Clarion-Clipperton. Przeanalizowano metody ich wydobywania w obszarze głębokomorskim a zwłaszcza hydraulicznego transportu urobku z dna oceanu na pokład statku górniczego. Przeanalizowano możliwość zastosowania wysokociśnieniowej strugi wodnej wspomaganej fizycznym oddziaływaniem cząstek suchego lodu CO2. Wskazano na bardzo przydatne cechy tego lodu, dzięki którym jego cząstki nie podlegają zbrylaniu natomiast sublimują w strefie urobku. Powstające duże ilości gazowej fazy CO2 zwiększają dynamikę pionowego przepływu płynu w przewodzie rurowym, co zwiększa skuteczność transportu urobku na powierzchnię. Jednak dla zapewnienia odpowiedniej wydajności pionowego transportu konkrecji polimetalicznych należy na określonej głębokości wtłaczać do rury sprężone powietrze. Przedstawiono w nim podstawy transportu metodą iniekcja pneumatycznej opracowane dla optymalnego wydobywania konkrecji polimetalicznych. Przeanalizowano struktury przepływów występujących w różnych przekrojach rury transportowej oraz określono ich teoretyczne zależności. Opracowano również wzory pozwalające na dokonywanie wyboru najważniejszych parametrów decydujących o skuteczności tej metody.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, Tom 13; 65-82
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Two models for absorption by coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM)
    Autorzy:
    Schwarz, J.N.
    Kowalczuk, P.
    Kaczmarek, S.
    Cota, G.F.
    Mitchell, B.G.
    Kahru, M.
    Chavez, F.P.
    Cunningham, A.
    McKee, D.
    Gege, P.
    Kishino, M.
    Phinney, D.A.
    Raine, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47774.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    ocean colour
    coloured dissolved organic matter
    surface water
    coastal water
    spectrophotometric measurement
    ultraviolet absorption
    absorption
    Vistula River
    Opis:
    The standard exponential model for CDOM absorption has been applied to data from diverse waters. Absorption at 440 nm (ag440) ranged between close to zero and 10 m−1, and the slope oft he semilogarithmic absorption spectrum over a minimum range of400 to 440 nm (s440) ranged between <0.01 and 0.04 nm−1. No relationship was found between ag440 or s440 and salinity. Except in the southern Baltic, s440 was found to have a broad distribution (0.0165 ± 0.0035), suggesting that it should be introduced as an additional variable in bio-optical models when ag440 is large. An alternative model for CDOM absorption was applied to available high quality UV-visible absorption spectra from the WisGla river (Poland). This model assumes that the CDOM absorption spectrum comprises distinct Gaussian absorption bands in the UV, similar to those ofb enzene. Five bands were fit to the data. The mean central energy ofal l bands was higher in early summer (E ∼7.2, 6.6, 6.4, 6.2 and 5.5 eV or 172, 188, 194, 200 and 226 nm) than in winter. The higher energy bands were found to decay in both height and width with increasing salinity, while lower energy bands broadened with increasing salinity. s440 was found to be correlated with shape parameters of the bands centred at 6.4 and 5.5 eV. While the exponential model is convenient for optical modelling and remote sensing applications, these results suggest that the Gaussian model offers a deeper understanding ofc hemical interactions affecting CDOM molecular structure.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2002, 44, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An overview of the teta - S correlations in Fram Strait based on the MIZEX 84 data
    Autorzy:
    Schlichtholz, P.
    Houssais, M.N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47520.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    temperature
    Fram Strait
    Atlantic water
    hydrographic cast
    MIZEX 84 experiment
    teta-S diagram
    water mass
    salinity
    Arctic Ocean
    Opis:
    The water masses in Fram Strait have been analyzed on the basis of hydrographic casts taken in summer 1984 during the MIZEX 84 experiment. In particular, θ − S diagrams for 16 areas, each 5◦ in longitude and 1◦ in latitude, covering the strait from 77◦N to 81◦ N are used to characterize the water masses and discuss their possible origin. Near the surface, the East Greenland Polar Front clearly separates the lighter, cold and fresh Polar Water (PW) from the heavier, warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW). In the upper ocean, the data show a large spreading of the temperature maximum in the θ − S space associated with different modes of the AW recirculating southward below the PW. Two geographically distinct salinity minima are found in the intermediate layer below the AW. The denser one, in the Boreas Basin, is a feature typical of the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) formed by winter convection to the south of the strait, while the lighter one is sandwiched in the Arctic Ocean outflow between the AW layer and the Upper Polar Deep Water (UPDW) characterized by a downward salinity increase. In the deep layer, two salinity maxima are present. The shallower (and warmer) one, associated with the Canadian Basin Deep Water (CBDW), appears all along the East Greenland Slope. A similar but weaker maximum is also found in the southeastern part of the strait. This maximum is perhaps a remnant of the maximum in the East Greenland Current after it has been recirculated back to the strait around the cyclonic gyres of the Nordic Seas. The deeper one appears typically as a near-bottom salinity jump characteristic of the Eurasian Basin Deep Water (EBDW). The jump is found in two distinct areas of the strait, to the north-west in the Lena Trough and to the south-east in the rift valley of the Knipovich Ridge. The maximum in the former area should have been advected from the Arctic Ocean below the CBDW, while the maximum in the latter area might have originated from haline convection on the adjacent shelves. Some EBDW is trapped in the Molloy Deep over a denser water with salinity decreasing down to the bottom and temperature in the range of the Greenland Sea Deep Water (GSDW).
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2002, 44, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Could submarine groundwater discharge be a significant carbon source to the Southern Baltic Sea?
    Autorzy:
    Szymczycha, B.
    Maciejewska, A.
    Winogradow, A.
    Pempkowiak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Puck Bay
    seepage water
    dissolved organic carbon
    inorganic carbon
    carbon budget
    Baltic Sea
    World Ocean
    ground water
    marine environment
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2014, 56, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biodiversity of the Arctic Ocean in the face of climate change
    Autorzy:
    Weslawski, J.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11979.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    biodiversity
    Arctic Ocean
    climate change
    global climate change
    Arctic sea
    aquatic ecosystem
    Arctic environment
    sea water
    water temperature
    salinity level
    Opis:
    Global climate changes which has been observed over the recent years affects organisms occurring in the Arctic seas and the functioning of the whole maritime ecosystems there. The research note presents and briefly analyses the biological diversity of the Arctic Ocean and the most important factors which change the relations between organisms and the environment in the Arctic.
    Źródło:
    Papers on Global Change; 2011, 18
    2300-8121
    1730-802X
    Pojawia się w:
    Papers on Global Change
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Temporal and spatial changes in the bio-optical properties of seawater in the Nordic Seas – AREX’2003 and 2006
    Autorzy:
    Drozdowska, V.
    Paryvkina, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47895.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Atlantic water
    bio-optical property
    chlorophyll
    fluorescence
    Nordic Sea
    ocean circulation
    organic matter
    oxygen
    phytoplankton
    sea water
    shelf water
    spatial change
    Svalbard Islands
    temporal change
    water mass
    Opis:
    For many years the Nordic Seas have been the subject of research into ocean circulation carried out by the Institute of Oceanology PAS, especially the inflow of Atlantic water and the intensive turbulent mixing of these waters with Arctic and shelf waters. Ocean currents affect various biological processes, among them the supply of organic matter and oxygen, which constitute the foundation for the unique flora and fauna of the Svalbard islands. Spectrophotometric examinations of surface waters using an M32 B spectroflu- orophotometer (LDI Ltd.) were carried out repeatedly during Arctic cruises on board r/v ‘Oceania’. The results presented in this paper come from the AREX campaigns of 2003 and 2006. Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence excitation spectra recorded shows an increase in phytoplankton abundance and the changes in the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton species characteristic of Atlantic, Arctic and shelf waters. The spatial patterns of the phytoplankton pigments and their abundance were compared with the physical characteristics of water masses. The analysis confirmed that phytoplankton species move together with the Atlantic water as this flows into northern latitudes.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tracing the signature of various frontal systems in stable isotopes (oxygen and carbon) of the planktonic foraminiferal species Globigerina bulloides in the Southern Ocean (Indian Sector)
    Autorzy:
    Khare, N.
    Chaturvedi, S.K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48922.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Foraminifera
    Globigerina bulloides
    stable isotope
    frontal system
    oxygen
    carbon
    foraminiferal species
    water mass
    Southern Ocean
    Opis:
    Twenty-five surficial sediment samples, collected on board ORV Sagar Kanya during her 199th and 200th cruises along a north-south transect between latitudes 9.69◦N and 55.01◦S, and longitudes 80◦E and 40◦ E were studied for isotopic variations (values of δ18O and δ13C) of the indicator planktonic species Globigerina bulloides. The results indicate that from latitudes 9.69◦N to 15◦ S both these isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) fluctuated significantly. Between latitudes from around 15◦S to 30–35◦S δ18O values steadily increased, whereas δ13C showed a decreasing trend. However, to the south of latitudes 30–35◦S, both isotope values showed a similar response with a gradual increase up to latitude 50◦S, beyond which δ18O continued to increase while δ13C declined. The characteristic patterns of the values of both isotopes indicates that the signatures of different water masses are associated with various frontal systems and/or water masses across the transect. The signature of the Polar Front at around latitude 50◦S shows the specific response of the isotopic values (δ18O and δ13C) of G. bulloides. Such a response beyond 50◦S latitude is ascribable to the general decrease in the ambient temperature, resulting in a continuous increase in δ18O values, while δ13C values decrease as a result of reduced photosynthesis in regions approaching higher latitudes owing to low light penetration. To further corroborate our results, those of many such transects from geographically distinct regions need to be studied for isotopic variations in the calcareous shells of planktonic foraminiferal species. The results have the potential to be used as a proxy to assess the movement of frontal systems in southern high latitude regions.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2012, 54, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Orientirovochnye prognozy kharakteristic skorosti vetra v Evrope s uchetom izmenchivosti raspredelenija poverkhnostnykh temperatur Severnojj Atlantiki na primere Severnogo Prichernomorja
    Projections of wind speed characteristics in Europe with the accounting apportionment superficial temperatures in North Atlantic an example of Black Sea
    Autorzy:
    Kholopcev, A.
    Akcenova, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/76861.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Tematy:
    forecasting
    wind speed
    temperature
    surface water
    North Atlantic Ocean
    Black Sea
    multiple regression model
    correlation
    identification
    Opis:
    On the example of the Northern Black Sea Coast representative items shown that allowance for the identification of predictive multiple-regression models of the interannual variability of SST anomalies identified variations in the North Atlantic waters, enables efficient evaluation of monthly mean values of wind speed with a lead time of at least 3 years.
    Źródło:
    Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa; 2013, 15, 5
    1730-8658
    Pojawia się w:
    Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spatio-temporal variability in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone (BMCZ), based on spectroradiometric MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a observations
    Autorzy:
    Telesca, L.
    Pierini, J.O.
    Lovallo, M.
    Santamaria-del-Angel, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48518.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    confluence zone
    environmental variation
    sea water
    phytoplankton
    spatio-temporal variability
    chlorophyll a
    ocean colour
    remote sensing
    Opis:
    The Brazil–Malvinas Confluence Zone (BMCZ) is characterized by high environmental variation, which could be reflected in several optical types of water, from one containing only phytoplankton and sea water to other optically more complex. In this paper, we analyze the spatio-temporal variability of the Chlorophyll-a detected by the ocean color sensor (CHLAsat) in BMCZ in order to understand its environmental variability. We use the MODIS-Aqua CHLAsat monthly composites imagery from 2002 to 2015, and applied two statistical methods: the correlogram-based robust periodogram to identify, over a broad spectrum of temporal, the most significant periodicities, and the pixel gradient distribution to study the spatial-temporal gradients within the BMCZ and variations over the continental shelf and coastal waters. Our results point out to the predominance of the annual cycle over most of the investigated area, although an area from latitude 37°S in direction NE, alongshore of Uruguay to Brazil, evidences interannual periodicities, possibly related to variations in the discharge of the Rio de la Plata associated with the El Niño phenomena. The ocean color spectroradiometric signature in terms of pixel gradient presents a relatively high variability (∼0.0 to 0.65 mg m−3); in particular the high values of the pixel gradient correspond to saline front of the estuarine system of Rio de la Plata, and to the strip of the platform that extends along the isobaths of 80 m (coast of Uruguay), especially in the center and south of the study area.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2018, 60, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of diatom and dinoflagellate cell volumes from surface waters of the Northern Indian Ocean
    Autorzy:
    Chitari, R.R.
    Anil, A.C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47851.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    diatom
    dinoflagellate
    cell size
    surface water
    microphytoplankton
    seasonal variation
    spatial variation
    Indian Ocean
    Bengal Bay
    Arabian Sea
    Opis:
    Phytoplankton samples collected from the Northern Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal, northern Arabian Sea, and Dona Paula Bay Goa, west coast of India), were utilized to quantify changes in cell size, cell volume and carbon per cell of diatoms and dinoflagellates. The dataset from the Bay of Bengal also provides inter- and intra-annual variations (April 2008 to March 2010). The variations in cell size and volume were large in regions influenced by the riverine influx or terrigenous inputs. An interregional comparison of commonly available forms (8 species) points out that cell volumes are highest in the North Atlantic and lowest in the Mediterranean. The information provided will be useful in estimation of carbon biomass and biogeochemical studies.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocean acidification and marine microorganisms: responses and consequences
    Autorzy:
    Das, S.
    Mangwani, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49020.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    acidification
    ocean
    water microorganism
    climate change
    ecosystem
    marine environment
    primary production
    trace gas
    nitrogen fixation
    community composition
    organic matter
    enzyme activity
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2015, 57, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Decadal fluctuations in North Atlantic water inflow in the North Sea between 1958-2003: impacts on temperature and phytoplankton populations
    Autorzy:
    Leterme, S.C.
    Pingree, R.D.
    Skogen, M.D.
    Seuront, L.
    Reid, P.C.
    Attrill, M.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    phytoplankton
    continental slope
    ocean circulation
    plankton
    Atlantic water
    plankton community
    climate
    temperature
    dynamics
    fluctuation
    pelagic ecosystem
    North Sea
    circulation
    population
    sea surface temperature
    Opis:
    The circulation of Atlantic water along the European continental slope, in particular the inflow into the North Sea, influences North Sea water characteristics with consequent changes in the environment affecting plankton community dynamics. The long-term effect of fluctuating oceanographic conditions on the North Sea pelagic ecosystem is assessed. It is shown that (i) there are similar regime shifts in the inflow through the northern North Sea and in Sea Surface Temperature, (ii) long-term phytoplankton trends are influenced by the inflow only in some North Sea regions, and (iii) the spatial variability in chemicophysical and biological parameters highlight the influence of smaller scale processes.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2008, 50, 1; 59-72
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Simulation of nutrient transport from different depths during an upwelling event in the Gulf of Finland
    Autorzy:
    Vali, G.
    Zhurbas, V.
    Laanemets, J.
    Elken, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48984.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    ecohydrodynamic model
    Finland Gulf
    nutrient transport
    phosphorus
    phytoplankton biomass
    princeton ocean model
    remote sensing
    simulation
    upwelling
    water transport
    wind
    wind stress
    Opis:
    Numerical simulation experiments with a high-resolution circulation model were carried out to study nutrient transport from different depths to the surface 10-m layer during an upwelling event along the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland in July 1999. The initial nutrient distribution is based on field measurements performed in the north-western part of the Gulf. Wind forcing covering the period of the upwelling along the northern coast was turned through 180◦ to simulate an upwelling along the southern coast. The simulation results showed that the main phosphorus transport to the upper 10-m layer occurred from depths shallower than 30 m for the upwelling events along both the northern and the southern coasts. Nitrogen transport to the upper 10-m layer was the largest from depths of 40–55 m for the upwelling along the northern and 40–65 m for the upwelling along the southern coast. Simulated cumulative volume transports to the upper 10-m layer from different depths showed that the contribution from deeper layers was larger in the case of the upwelling along the southern coast. The reduction of wind stress had a bigger influence on water transport from the deeper layers.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, (1-TI)
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quality assessment of atmospheric surface fields over the Baltic Sea from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations with respect to ocean dynamics
    Autorzy:
    Meier, H.E.M.
    Hoglund, A.
    Doscher, R.
    Andersson, H.
    Loptien, U.
    Kjellstrom, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    atmosphere-ocean coupling
    Baltic region
    climate change
    climate model
    ecosystem
    global warming
    hydrographic change
    regional climate
    regional climate modelling
    sea ice
    temperature
    water temperature
    Opis:
    Climate model results for the Baltic Sea region from an ensemble of eight simulations using the Rossby Centre Atmosphere model version 3 (RCA3) driven with lateral boundary data from global climate models (GCMs) are compared with results from a downscaled ERA40 simulation and gridded observations from 1980 –2006. The results showed that data from RCA3 scenario simulations should not be used as forcing for Baltic Sea models in climate change impact studies because biases of the control climate significantly affect the simulated changes of future projections. For instance, biases of the sea ice cover in RCA3 in the present climate affect the sensitivity of the model’s response to changing climate due to the ice-albedo feedback. From the large ensemble of available RCA3 scenario simulations two GCMs with good performance in downscaling experiments during the control period 1980–2006 were selected. In this study, only the quality of atmospheric surface fields over the Baltic Sea was chosen as a selection criterion. For the greenhouse gas emission scenario A1B two transient simulations for 1961 –2100 driven by these two GCMs were performed using the regional, fully coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean model RCAO. It was shown that RCAO has the potential to improve the results in downscaling experiments driven by GCMs considerably, because sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations are calculated more realistically with RCAO than when RCA3 has been forced with surface boundary data from GCMs. For instance, the seasonal 2 m air temperature cycle is closer to observations in RCAO than in RCA3 downscaling simulations. However, the parameterizations of air-sea fluxes in RCAO need to be improved.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, (1-TI)
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mathematical description of vertical algal accessory pigment distributions in oceans – a brief presentation
    Autorzy:
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49083.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    accessory pigment
    bio-optical modelling
    chlorophyll a
    concentration
    investigation
    marine alga
    mathematical description
    ocean
    optical depth
    photoprotecting pigment
    photosynthetic apparatus
    photosynthetic pigment
    pigment
    sea
    trophic index
    vertical distribution
    water
    Opis:
    A straightforward mathematical expression for describing the vertical distributions of algal accessory pigments in oceans is presented. To this end ca 1500 empirical datasets of accessory pigment depth profiles gathered during some 200 research cruises in different oceanic regions were analysed. These data were retrieved from the bio-optical databases of SeaBASS and U.S. JGOFS published on the Internet. The statistical relationships were analysed between the concentrations of accessory pigments and the trophic indices of waters, as measured by the surface concentrations of chlorophyll a and the optical depths in different oceanic regions. A mathematical expression was established and formulas based on it were found, approximating the relations between the vertical distributions of accessory pigments and the chlorophyll a concentration. These formulas can be used to model the species composition of algae in different parts of the ocean and in remote sensing algorithms.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2009, 51, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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