Temat: juveniles - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Nieletni jako sprawca czynu zabronionego – determinanty niedostosowania społecznego
Autorzy:: Chylińska, Klaudia
Kękuś, Magdalena
Dudek, Iwona
Szpitalak, Malwina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789761.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-02-16
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:: juveniles
delinquency
social maladjustment
Opis:: The article covers the issue of juvenile delinquency and social maladjustment. The aim of this paper is to present, on the basis of literature review, a picture of child crime in Poland, as well as to present the psychological determinants of crime and social maladjustment among children. The article discusses the definition of a juvenile in the context of the proceedings for criminal acts and symptoms of social maladjustment. Moreover, it describes the psychological determinants of juvenile delinquency including personality and environmental factors (family, school environment and peers).
Źródło:: Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2019, 64(4 (254)); 135-150
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:: Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Kobiety, matki i dzieci specjalnej troski – problemy pedagogiczne i penitencjarne
Women, Mothers and Special Needs Children – Pedagogical and Penitentiary Problems
Autorzy:: Raś, Danuta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1808269.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-09-25
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:: criminals
parents
juveniles
prison
Opis:: This article concerns the analyses and research on women and men coming from penitentiary correction centres and the youth from families at risk of delinquency. The research problem concentrates on the analysis of criminals who are parents and situations of children in historical and contemporary context as well as on specific difficulties in the functioning of special-needs children in social life in terms of special education. This article can inspire a new approach to dealing with criminals, enhancing their role as parents, which constitutes an important factor in the process of corrective actions.
Źródło:: Chowanna; 2019; 353-368
0137-706X
2353-9682
Pojawia się w:: Chowanna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Sense of coherence and resilience for coping with stress in the group of juveniles referred to probation centres by family courts
Autorzy:: Konaszewski, Karol
Kwadrans, Łukasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789793.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-05-27
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:: coherence
resilience
juveniles
probation centres
coping
Opis:: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the sense of coherence and resilience and the styles of stress coping and to determine which of the studied variables (comprehensibility; manageability; meaningfulness; optimistic attitude and energy; perseverance and determination in action; sense of humour and openness to new experiences; personal competences and tolerance of negative affect) was more important in predicting coping styles with stressful situations in the group of juveniles who had been referred to probation centres. Participants in this study were 210 juveniles from probation centres. The following research tools were used in the research: A. Antonovsky’s Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Resilience Scale by N. Ogińska-Bulik and Z. Juczyński, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by N. S. Enlder and J. D. A. Parker. The research results show that sense of coherence and resilience play a predictive function for the style which focuses on the task, emotions, avoidance and strategy related to engaging in substitute activities and seeking contact with people. Building (by probation officers) the sense of coherence and resilience among juveniles involves better understanding of the surrounding world and the stimuli which come from it, understanding internal signals and increasing the sense of manageability and comprehensibility, enhancing the ability to use the own and the environmental resources as well as working on the sense of meaningfulness, i.e. the motivational aspect of functioning. Supporting components of resilience (optimistic attitude and energy; perseverance and determination in action; sense of humour and openness to new experiences; personal competences and tolerance of negative affect) through psychoeducational activities (in probation centres) enables better understanding of the own self and, consequently, using stress management strategies aimed at finding a positive solution to a particular situation.
Źródło:: Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2020, 65(1 (255)); 134-159
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:: Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: The courts reaction to offences committed by juveniles
Autorzy:: Włodarczyk-Madejska, Justyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788421.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-06-22
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieletni
sąd dla nieletnich
juveniles
juvenile court
Opis:: The article is a summary of research that have been conducted in Institute of Justice Ministry of Justice. Paper is shared on three short part: description the researched sample, collected evidence and the analysis of the factors influencing the judge’s decision. It allowed to answer on the three basic questions: who were juveniles to whom the court has applied the strictest measures mentioned in the article 6 of the Act on proceedings in juvenile cases, what evidence had the juvenile court used in taking a decision in relation to a specific person and how decisions issued by the court were consistent with the recommendations of the „supporting institutions”.
Źródło:: Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2016, 23; 96-99
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:: Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Законодательная регламентация принципов уголовно-правового регулирования в нормах статута Великого княжества Литовского 1588 года
Autorzy:: Ключко, Римма Н.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621595.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:: Lithuanian Statute 1588, penal law, personal responsibility, juveniles
Opis:: Law principles are recognized as the main ideas which reflect the meaning of legal regulation. The rules of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s Statutes of 1529, 1566, 1588 contained the legislative background of the criminal legal regulation’s principles. Despite the low level of the law’s technical development, and the high casuistic nature of the Statutes’ rules, they codified the main progressive principles of the criminal law. The subject of the principles of legality, personal liability and responsibility which are fixed in the rules of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s Statute of 1588 are analyzed in the article. The article also makes an investigation into the historical conditions of their fixation in modern criminal law. In spite of the class approach of the legal regulation in the Middle Ages, the Statute’s rules confirm the progressive ideas of the remission of penalties for lawless juveniles. The most progressive of the Statute’s rules were those which fixed the principles of the personal liability and responsibility. Developing the conception of the responsibility of guilt, the Statute fixed progressive statements for its time about the absence of reasons for imposing criminal responsibility upon insane persons.
Źródło:: Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 89-96
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:: Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Ochrona praw nieletnich przesłuchiwanych przez Policję - aspekty prawnoporównawcze i wyniki badań empirycznych
Protection of the Rights of Juveniles Interrogated by the Police – Comparative Legal Aspects and Results of Empirical Research
Autorzy:: Stańdo-Kawecka, Barbara
Kusztal, Justyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698620.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: ochrona praw
prawa nieletnich
przesłuchanie
protection
rights of juveniles
interrogation
Opis:: In recent years a growing interest in issues related to the protection of rights andsafeguards of ‘children in conflict with the law’ can be observed at the internationallevel. In the light of both the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Councilof Europe Guidelines on child-friendly justice, in cases concerning children in conflictwith the law, an important element of the system of justice is to provide them with a fairtrial in which their rights and safeguards are not minimised or denied under the pretextof the child’s best interest. The European Union is currently working on a proposalfor a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the proceduralsafeguards for children suspected or accused in criminal proceedings. The aim of theseworks is to set common minimum standards throughout the European Union on therights of children who are suspected or accused in criminal proceedings and childrensubject to European arrest warrant proceedings. One of the problems discussed in thecourse of works on the proposal for the directive is the issue of defining the scope of its application regardless of whether the proceedings in the cases of children in conflictwith the law are treated as ‘criminal proceedings’ under national law.During the period of work on the proposal, the European Commission funded aninternational research project focused on the protection of the rights of interrogatedjuveniles. The project entitled ‘Protecting Young Suspects in Interrogations: a studyon safeguards and best practice’ was coordinated by the University of Maastricht. Itaimed at comparing juvenile justice systems in five countries (England and Wales,Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy), with particular emphasis on the rights andsafeguards provided to juveniles suspected of breaking criminal law during their firstinterrogation connected with the alleged offence. Comparative legal analysis of juvenilejustice systems in the participating countries revealed that, as opposed to Poland, inall other countries the procedure applied in juvenile cases was principally the criminalprocedure. Moreover, unlike in Poland, it was commonly accepted that in the casesconcerning children in conflict with the law, respecting the child’s best interests didnot mean depriving them of the rights and safeguards granted to adults in criminalproceedings.In Poland, the proceedings in the cases concerning children in conflict with thelaw who are accused of displaying signs of demoralisation or committing a punishableact are regulated in a complicated and unclear way. Legislators assume combining theprocedural provisions included in the Juvenile Act, the provisions of civil procedureand, to a limited extent, the provisions of criminal procedure. Contrary to legislativeassumptions, the first interrogation of a juvenile suspected of punishable acts is mostoften conducted by the police before the institution of juvenile proceedings via thefamily court. Although this first interrogation is often decisive in the further courseof proceedings, the Juvenile Act does not contain detailed regulations in this regardand only briefly refers to the appropriate application of the provisions of the Code ofCriminal Procedure.Empirical research carried out in Poland as part of the project involved individual interviews with lawyers and focus group interviews with both police officers andjuveniles. The results of the research indicate that from the perspective of providingjuveniles with procedural rights and safeguards, current regulations are far fromsatisfactory. Because of the limited scope of the conducted research, it is difficult todraw generalised conclusions. However, the results undoubtedly allow the conclusionthat the issues regarding providing juveniles interrogated by the police with proceduralrights and safeguards ensured in international documents deserve much moreattention than has been paid so far. The results of the conducted empirical researchconstitute another argument for the need of an in-depth discussion on the necessary systemic changes in the Polish juvenile system of justice which is also supported by thejudgments of the European Court of Human Rights in the cases Adamkiewicz v. Poland and Grabowski v. Poland.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2015, XXXVII; 159-190
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Orzecznictwo ETPC w sprawach nieletnich. Wybrane sprawy
Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in juvenile cases. Selected cases
Autorzy:: Czyż, Elżbieta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893908.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-11-29
Wydawca:: Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:: juveniles
procedural rights
ECHR judgements
nieletni
prawa proceduralne
orzeczenia ETPC
Opis:: The right to a fair trial, rules on deprivation of liberty are important standards in the entire procedure of dealing with juveniles, from detention to the end of court proceedings. The judgments of the European Court of Human Rights cited in the article illustrate what are the problems with complying with this standard in practice in several European countries, including Poland. It seems that one of the reasons may be declarative, apparent treatment of the rights of child/juvenile, especially when it concerns procedural rights. Teaching a young person respect for the law and responsibility for his behaviour requires subjective treatment so that he can feel, on his own example, the operation of a system based on clear, predictable, understandable rules.
Prawo do rzetelnego procesu, zasady dotyczące pozbawienia wolności to ważne standardy w całej procedurze postępowania z nieletnimi, począwszy od zatrzymania aż do zakończenia postępowania przed sądem. Przytoczone w artykule orzeczenia Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka ilustrują jakie są problemy z przestrzeganiem tego standardu w praktyce, w kilku krajach Europy, w tym też w Polsce. Jedną z przyczyn, jak się wydaje, może być deklaratywne, fasadowe traktowanie praw dziecka/nieletniego, zwłaszcza, gdy dotyczy to praw proceduralnych. Uczenie młodego człowieka szacunku do prawa i odpowiedzialności za swoje zachowanie, wymaga podmiotowego potraktowania, żeby na własnym przykładzie poczuł działanie systemu opartego o jasne, przewidywalne, zrozumiałe reguły.
Źródło:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze; 2019, 584(9); 18-32
0552-2188
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: A Few Remarks About Challenges in Application of Restorative Justice: A Case Study of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Autorzy:: Kazic, Ena
Ćorović, Rialda
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106699.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-05-30
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:: Criminal Law
Restorative Justice
Bosnia and Herzegovina
justice system
juveniles
Opis:: Restorative justice is without any doubt one of the most important steps in the development of criminal law, which at the same time increased the level of humanity in the approach towards perpetrators and victims and managed to achieve the principle goals of criminal law. A few decades have passed since its idea and approach was borrowed from the traditional communities that among themselves applied it for centuries and it was transformed into the new approach of justice offering many benefits to the community where it is established. Formally, it has been more than 20 years since Bosnia and Herzegovina embraced restorative justice within its criminal law. This paper aims to discuss how much de facto it has been applied in this country and to present results of interviews with representatives from legal theory and practice where they refer to restorative justice and its major challenges for application and propose mechanisms for overcoming existing difficulties. In this article, the authors use normative, descriptive scientific methods and statistics and interviews as tools for the collection of data.
Źródło:: Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 49, 2; 153-172
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:: Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Czynniki warunkujące samoocenę nieletnich umieszczonych w młodzieżowych ośrodkach wychowawczych
The Determinants of Self-Esteem Among Juveniles Entering Youth Educational Centres
Autorzy:: Konaszewski, Karol
Sosnowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371405.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017-07-28
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: samoocena
nieletni
Młodzieżowy Ośrodek Wychowawczy
Self-esteem
juveniles
Youth Educational Centers
Opis:: W artykule przedstawiono analizę wyników badań przeprowadzonych wśród nieletnich (chłopców i dziewcząt) w przypadku których sąd rodzinny zastosowało środek wychowawczy w postaci umieszczenia w Młodzieżowym Ośrodku Wychowawczym. Celem badania było sprawdzenie czy istnieje korelacja między samooceną, cechami osobowościowych i czynnikami środowiskowymi (czynnikami wspierającymi i czynnikami ryzyka), wśród nieletnich dziewcząt i chłopców. Łącznie przebadano 481 nieletnich przebywających w młodzieżowych ośrodkach wychowawczych. Zastosowane narzędzia badawcze to: Skala Samooceny Rosenberga (SES), w polskiej adaptacji I. Dzwonkowskiej, M. Łaguny i K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek. NEO-FFI (P.T. Costy i R.R. McCrae) został użyty do diagnozowania cech osobowości (został on zaadaptowany przez B. Zawadzkiego, J. Strelau, P. Szczepaniaka, M. Śliwińską) oraz kwestionariusz czynników wsparcia i czynniki ryzyka, który został skonstruowany do pomiaru czynników środowiskowych. Analiza regresji wykazała, że istotnymi predyktorami samooceny nieletnich były neurotyczność, ekstrawersja, sumienność i negatywne relacje w szkole. W grupie dziewcząt znaczącymi predyktorami samooceny były neurotyczność, sumienność, wsparcie rodziny i negatywne relacje w szkole, podczas gdy w grupie chłopców istotnymi predyktorami samooceny były neurotyczność, ekstrawersja i negatywne relacje w rodzinie.
The article is an analysis of the results of the studies conducted among juveniles (boys and girls) in the case of whom the family court applied the educational means of placing them in the Youth Educational Centre. The aim of the study was to find out the correlations between self-esteem, personality traits and the environmental determinants (support factors and risk factors) among juveniles (boys and girls). The total of 481 juveniles staying in Youth Educational Centers participated in the study. Applied research tools: The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (SES), in the Polish adaptation by I. Dzwonkowska, M. Łaguna and K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek, NEO-FFI by P.T. Costa and R.R. McCrae was used to diagnose personality traits included in a popular five-factor model (it has been adapted into Polish by B. Zawadzki, J. Strelau, P. Szczepaniak, and M. Śliwińska) and a questionnaire concerning support factors and risk factors was constructed to measure environmental determinants. The analysis model showed that the significant predictors of self-esteem were neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness and negative relations at school. In girls group the significant predictors of self-esteem were neuroticism, conscientiousness, family support and negative relations at school, while in boys group the significant predictors of self-esteem were neuroticism, extraversion and negative relations at family.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2017, 13; 175-191
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Socjodemograficzne zróżnicowanie preferencji aksjologicznych wychowanków placówek resocjalizacyjnych i uczniów szkół publicznych
Sociodemographic defferentiation of axiological preferences of pupils of resocialisation facilities and pupils of state schools
Autorzy:: Kupiec, Hubert
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/550221.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:: wartości
dorastająca młodzież
resocjalizacja nieletnich
value
adolescents
social rehabilitation of juveniles
Opis:: Research of the world of values of the young generation are justified by their motivational – regulatory function in the structure of personality and their importance in defining the self-identity of man, especially since modern civilization carries axiological risks which are the catalyst of the process of demoralization. The article contains research on Max Scheler’s value’s conception which were conducted in an adolescent sample (286 juveniles from detention centers and 410 pupils from public school). The results show that adolescent’s hierarchy differs from the ideal hierarchy proposed by Max Scheler, although there are differences in the assessment of individual axiological categories between the two compared groups. The significant differentiating factor is also sex, but age and length of stay in detention center are not significant predictors.
Prowadzenie badań nad światem wartości młodego pokolenia uzasadnione jest ich funkcją w motywacyjno-regulacyjnej strukturze osobowości oraz znaczeniem w określaniu własnej tożsamości przez człowieka, zwłaszcza kiedy współczesna cywilizacja nasycona jest coraz częściej wieloma zagrożeniami aksjologicznymi, które stanowią istotny katalizator procesu demoralizacji. Celem przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych z zastosowaniem kwestionariusza SWS (Skali Wartości Schelerowskich) było rozpoznanie wartości preferowanych przez młodzież w wieku od 14 do 19 lat przebywającej w izolacji (286 wychowanków placówek resocjalizacyjnych) oraz uczęszczającej do szkół w warunkach wolnościowych (410 uczniów). Uzyskane wyniki ujawniły, że hierarchia wartości obu porównywanych grup różni się pod względem preferencji niektórych kategorii, ale obie odbiegają znacznie od uzasadnionej przez Maxa Schelera jako idealna. Stwierdzono również, że orientacja aksjologiczna dorastającej młodzieży bardziej zróżnicowana jest ze względu na płeć niż wiek oraz długość pobytu w placówce resocjalizacyjnej.
Źródło:: Forum Pedagogiczne; 2017, 7, 1; 61-76
2083-6325
Pojawia się w:: Forum Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: The Social-Emotional Dimension of the Functioning of Young People Subject to Court Enforcement Proceedings - The Context of Aggression and Self-Aggression
Autorzy:: Paweł, Kozłowski,
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893036.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-11-18
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:: aggression
self-aggression
young people
juveniles
court proceedings
probation officer supervision
Opis:: The article presents the results of studies on the level of aggression in areas such as emotional and physical self-aggression, displaced, verbal, indirect and physical aggression, hostility towards the environment, unconscious aggressive tendencies, control of aggressive behaviour, and retaliation tendencies in a group of underage girls and boys, compared with a control sample of socially adapted young people. The study established statistically significant differences and trends in the scope of differentiation in aggressive tendencies in the studied groups. Based on the research the author presents practical applications in the form of prophylactic recommendations, concerning the use of educational measures by courts with respect to juveniles who commit punishable acts using violence.
Źródło:: Papers of Social Pedagogy; 2019, 12(2); 28-42
2392-3083
Pojawia się w:: Papers of Social Pedagogy
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Płeć jako moderator samooceny młodzieży dostosowanej i niedostosowanej społecznie
Gender as a moderator of self-esteem in socially adjusted and maladjusted youth
Autorzy:: Kupiec, Hubert
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371634.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014-07-30
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: samoocena
adolescenci
resocjalizacja nieletnich
self-esteem
adolescents
social rehabilitation of juveniles
Opis:: Prezentowany artykuł zawiera wyniki badań nad samooceną dorastającej młodzieży. Przeprowadzona analiza porównawcza, ujawniła, że samoocena wychowanków przebywających w placówkach resocjalizacyjnych jest wyższa niż młodzieży uczęszczającej do szkół publicznych i nie podlega istotnym zróżnicowaniom ze względu na płeć. W tekście znajduje się również przegląd badań empirycznych innych autorów zajmujących się tą problematyką, dyskusja nad uzyskanymi wynikami oraz zalecenia praktyczne przydatne w pracy resocjalizacyjnej z nieletnimi.
The article presents the results of research into the self-esteem of adolescents. The comparative analysis conducted reveals that the self-esteem of juveniles placed in social rehabilitation institutions is higher than the self-esteem of youth attending public schools and that gender is not a statistically significant differentiating factor. The text also includes a review of empirical studies of other authors dealing with this issue, a discussion of the obtained results, and practical recommendations useful in the social rehabilitation juveniles.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2014, 7; 117-134
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Wybrane elementy pracy kuratora sądowego ds. rodzinnych i nieletnich
Selected elements of the work of a probation officer for family and juvenile cases
Autorzy:: Kujan, Patryk
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931281.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-03-25
Wydawca:: Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:: kurator rodzinny
resocjalizacja
nieletni
metody
family probation officer
rehabilitation
juveniles
method
Opis:: Prezentowany artykuł dotyka zagadnień związanych z pracą kuratora rodzinnego w odniesieniu do historii, metodyki, teorii oraz etyki zawodu. Tematem rozważań są wybrane (najistotniejsze w ocenie autora) elementy pracy, a celem stało się zaznaczenie roli kuratora w środowisku podopiecznych, aspektów powierzonych zadań i uwarunkowań skutecznego prowadzenia procesu resocjalizacji. Artykuł porusza zagadnienia ważne zarówno z perspektywy teoretycznej, jak i praktycznej. Wskazuje na specyficzne trudności w prowadzeniu procesu resocjalizacji w obszarze kurateli rodzinnej. Wyszczególnione zostały niezbędne elementy w obszarze pracy z nieletnim i rodziną oraz formy i metody wykorzystywane w podejmowanych działaniach. Rozważania teoretyczne ukazane są z perspektywy wieloletnich doświadczeń pracy w zawodzie kuratora sądowego. W tekście ukazano dane statystyczne odnoszące się do faktycznego obciążenia pracą (na przykładzie wybranego sądu). Artykuł może stanowić wstęp dla dalszych rozważań teoretycznych oraz praktyczne wskazówki dla działalności kuratorów sądowych.
The presented article concerns the issues related to the work of a family probation officer in relation to the history, methodology, theory and professional ethics. The subject of the discussion are selected (the most important in the author's opinion) elements of the work, and the aim is to highlight the role of the probation officer in the environment of the charges, aspects of the entrusted tasks and conditions for effective conduct of the process of rehabilitation. The article deals with issues important from both theoretical and practical perspective. It indicates specific difficulties in conducting the process of rehabilitation in the area of family probation. Necessary elements in the area of work with juveniles and family, as well as forms and methods used in the undertaken activities have been specified. Theoretical considerations are presented from the perspective of many years of experience as a probation officer. The text presents statistical data relating to the actual workload (on the example of the chosen court). It is an attempt to indicate the work culture of the probation officer, aspects of entrusted tasks and conditions for effective resocialization. It indicates the essential (subjectively) elements in the work area with juveniles and family and the multitude of forms and methods used in the actions taken by the family probation officer. Theoretical considerations are supplemented by statistics on the actual workload (on the example of a chosen court). The article may serve as an introduction to further theoretical considerations and may provide practical guidelines for the activities of probation officers.
Źródło:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze; 2021, 598(3); 18-29
0552-2188
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: The Roots and Specifics of Juvenile Delinquency among Romany People in Slovakia
Autorzy:: Hroncová, Jolana
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28765624.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2005-12-31
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:: criminality
juveniles
juvenile delinquency
the Romani people
criminal act
criminogenic factors
Opis:: This contribution deals with the roots and specifics of young Romany criminality in Slovakia after 1989. Among specific features of Romany criminality are a high criminality involvement of children, juveniles, and women. Romany people hold a higher proportion of property, moral, and violent criminality in comparison with the majority of society.
Źródło:: The New Educational Review; 2005, 7; 72-78
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:: The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Praca kuratora sądowego z nieletnim
Work of probation officer with juvenile person
Autorzy:: Kujan, Patryk
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629189.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:: kurator sądowy
nieletni
rodzina
nadzór
demoralizacja
probation officer
juveniles
familie
supervision
demoralization
Opis:: The work of the probation officer for juveniles is tidied up with appropriate legal documents. However chaotic action is written down into the repair work and in spite of regulations which are describing the appropriate form of the execution of tasks, directly are touching practical actions carried out with charge. Because we are dealing with unordered, diverse world of the customer – persons of the juvenile and families.
Praca kuratora sądowego dla nieletnich opiera się na formalnych aktach prawnych, które wskazują na prawa i obowiązki w relacji z podopiecznym. Pomimo tego działanie na granicy chaosu jest zapisane jako część aktywności naprawczej wynikającej z dynamiki relacji pomiędzy kuratorem, rodziną i nieletnim. Mamy bowiem do czynienia z nieuporządkowanym, zróżnicowanym światem podopiecznych – osoby nieletniej i jej rodziny. Realizacja obowiązków kuratora sądowego dla nieletnich jest działaniem interdyscyplinarnym i wymaga stworzenia właściwych warunków dla prowadzenia czynności nadzoru.
Źródło:: Podstawy Edukacji; 2015, 8; 269-281
2081-2264
Pojawia się w:: Podstawy Edukacji
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Juveniles in youth educational centers and correctional facilities
Autorzy:: Włodarczyk-Madejska, Justyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788445.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-06-24
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieletni
młodzieżowe ośrodki wychowawcze
zakłady poprawcze
correctional facilities
juveniles
youth educational centers
Opis:: Article is a summary of two research projects realized in Department of Criminology the In- stitute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences and in the Polish Institute of Justice. In the course of the projects were carried out two kind of research: court ﬁles analysis and individual semi-structured in-depth interviews. The research samples were: 397 juveniles from whom in 2014 the court issued decision on the application of the placement in a youth educa- tional centers or in a correctional facilities (case ﬁles research) and 40 educators from youth educational centers – YEC and correctional facilities – CF (qualitative research). The aim ofarticle is to present the results of these analysis.
Artykuł jest podsumowaniem dwóch projektów badawczych zrealizowanych w Zakładzie Kryminologii Instytutu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk oraz Instytucie Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości. W ramach tych projektów zostały przeprowadzone dwa rodzaje badań: analiza akt spraw sądowych oraz indywidualne półustrukturyzowane wywiady pogłębione, na próbach: 397 akt spraw sądowych nieletnich, wobec których w 2014 roku sąd orzekł o umieszczeniu w młodzieżowym ośrodku wychowawczym lub w zakładzie poprawczym (badanie aktowe) oraz 40 wychowawców młodzieżowych ośrodków wychowawczych – MOW i zakładów poprawczych – ZP (badanie jakościowe). Celem artykułu jest sumaryczne przedstawienie wybranych wyników tychże badań.
Źródło:: Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2018, 25; 139-147
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:: Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: NIELETNI JAKO SPRAWCY PRZESTĘPSTWA KRADZIEŻY TOŻSAMOŚCI W POLSCE – WYBRANE ASPEKTY KRYMINOLOGICZNE
Juvenile Identity Theft Offenders in Poland: Selected Criminological Aspects
Autorzy:: Stachelska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096554.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-07-30
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:: kradzież tożsamości; nieletni; kryminologia; prawo karne.
identity theft; juveniles; criminology; criminal law.
Opis:: Przestępstwo kradzieży tożsamości coraz częściej podnoszone jest w mediach jako zagrożenie XXI wieku. Do tej pory naukowcy w Polsce zajmowali się badaniem form kryminalizacji oraz fenomenem zjawiska wśród dorosłych. Z racji dynamicznego rozwoju w ostatnich latach nowych technologii, które wydają się determinantem wzrostu zagrożenia omawianym przestępstwem oraz najwyższym udziałem młodych użytkowników w korzystaniu z efektów nowych technologii, autorka postanowiła przyjrzeć się zjawisku wśród osób nieletnich. Artykuł opisuje wybrane aspekty kryminologiczne, podejmując próbę ukazania na podstawie statystyk sądowych fenomenu zjawiska kradzieży tożsamości wśród nieletnich oraz możliwości zapobiegania i zwalczania tego przestępstwa. W opracowaniu nierzadko informacje dotyczące nieletnich konfrontowane są ze zjawiskiem występującym wśród osób dorosłych, co wzbogaciło ocenę sytuacji kradzieży tożsamości popełnianej przez nieletnich w Polsce.
Identity theft is being presented more and more often in the media as a 21st-century problem. Up to now, scientists in Poland have focused on adult identity thef oﬀenders. In view of the dynamic development of new technologies in recent years, which is contributing both to the spread of identity theft as well as to young consumers’ growing share inbthe use of new technologies, I decided to look at the incidence of identity theft among juveniles. The article describes selected criminological aspects of this relatively new oﬀence, and attempts to show its commission by juveniles on the basis of court records, and to describe its prevention and combating. The article compares and contrasts data on the oﬀence committed by juveniles with the corresponding figures for adult oﬀenders, enhancing what we know about identity theft committed by Polish juveniles.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2020, 20, 2; 187-208
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Symptoms of youth social maladjustment. New tendencies
Autorzy:: Kamiński, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957839.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:: social maladjustment
social changes
posts for juveniles
disorder of behavioral disorder
demoralization
addictions
Opis:: The contemporary socioeconomic transformations in a fundamental way impinge on the shift of displaying social maladjustment among young people. The forms of social activities of, the adolescents undergo a transformation along with dynamics of the current social progress. Some youth, as a consequence of their behaviour and state of demoralization, become subjects of judicial proceedings and sanctions, such as residential rehabilitation or correctional centers. In order to capture the tendencies of youth’s social maladjustment a behavior research was carried out among 120 pupils sentenced by court to a youth care center. The author has undertaken a research indicating, the evolving modes of the youth’s social functioning and the diagnosed symptoms of their social maladjustment have been captured and researched by the author of this paper.
Źródło:: Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2016, 7, 2; 189-198
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Indywidualizacja oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych skierowanych do młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie – w stronę skutecznej readaptacji społecznej prowadzonej przez Departament Probacji do spraw Nieletnich w Nowym Yorku
Individualization of social rehabilitation interventions directed to socially maladjusted young people – towards effective social readaptation conducted by the Department of Juvenile Probation in New York
Autorzy:: Wołyniec-Kurkowska, Emilia
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371259.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-10-19
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: Probacja
resocjalizacja
nieletni
społeczność lokalna
programy resocjalizacyjne
Probation
social rehabilitation
juveniles
local community
Opis:: Kategoria nieletnich sprawców przestępstw w amerykańskim systemie resocjalizacjipodlega szczególnemu zainteresowaniu służb społecznych. Priorytetowy status wszystkichspraw nieletnich znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w licznych propozycjach wsparcia nastolatkówobjętych postępowaniem sądowym. Cechuje je odejście od polityki bezwzględnegokarania na rzecz znalezienia skutecznych rozwiązań umożliwiających jednostce rehabilitacjęspołeczną bez konieczności umieszczania jej w instytucji izolacyjnej. W niniejszym artykuleopisane zostały metody pracy środowiskowej za pomocą programów resocjalizacyjnych realizowanychprzy udziale społeczności lokalnej w Nowym Yorku. Ponadto w artykule omówionoklasyfikację nietanich przestępców, procedurę wszczęcia postępowania sądowego oraz scharakteryzowanopoziomy probacji. Przedstawione w pracy spostrzeżenia dotyczące praktycznegowymiaru realizowania oddziaływań wychowawczych względem młodzieży nieprzystosowanejspołecznie sporządzone zostały na podstawie stażu odbytego przez autorkę w nowojorskimDepartamencie Probacji do spraw Nieletnich.
The category of juvenile delinquents in the American social rehabilitation system is subject tospecial interest of social services. The priority status of all juvenile affairs is reflected in thenumerous proposals to support teenagers in court proceedings. They are characterized bydropped out the policy of absolute punishment in order to find effective solutions enablingthe individual to social rehabilitation without having to put it in an isolation institution. Thisarticle describes the methods of environmental work using social rehabilitation programsimplemented with the participation of the local community in New York. In addition, thearticle discusses the classification of juvenile delinquents, to referral the procedure of legalproceedings against teenagers, and the levels of probation. The observations in the paper onthe practical dimension of educational measures for socially maladjusted young people weredrawn up on the basis of an internship held by the New York Juvenile Probation Department.programs.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2018, 16; 177-192
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Children and Young Persons as Offenders and Victims of Offences and Crime Prevention at School in the Slovak Republic
Autorzy:: Emmerová, Ingrid
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26176329.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013-06-30
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:: delinquency and crime
offences committed by juveniles
crime statistics
prevention
social pedagogue at school
Opis:: The article deals with the problem of juvenile delinquency and crime as well as with the problem of crime against juveniles. The author presents official statistics since 2006, on the numbers of offences committed by juveniles in the Slovak Republic, as well as on the numbers of convicted young persons serving their sentence and the term of their sentence. It also gives details of crime against juveniles in the Slovak Republic. The article is an interim output of the project VEGA No. 1/0168/12 Professionalization of Prevention of Socio-pathological Behaviour in School in the SR from the aspect of the profession of social pedagogue – the current state, problems and comparison with foreign countries.
Źródło:: The New Educational Review; 2013, 32; 119-130
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:: The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Relacje nieletnich z policją w środowisku otwartym w perspektywie profilaktyki społecznej i resocjalizacji
Juveniles and their relations with police in open environment in the perspective of social prevention and rehabilitation
Autorzy:: Sawicki, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371310.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-03-28
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: Nieletni
relacje z policją
środowisko otwarte
resocjalizacja
Juveniles
police encounters
open environment
social rehabilitation
Opis:: W artykule przeanalizowano koncepcje teoretyczne oraz badania dotyczące zagadnienia kontaktów nieletnich z funkcjonariuszami policji zwracając uwagę na ich konfliktowy charakter. Poruszaną problematykę przeanalizowano z trzech perspektyw: środowiskowej, jednostkowej oraz sytuacyjnej. Analizując rolę czynników środowiskowych, szczególną rolę przypisano rodzinie oraz grupom rówieśniczym. Charakteryzując perspektywę jednostkową zwrócono uwagę na rolę wieku, płci oraz pochodzenia jako czynników rzutujących na relacje z policją. W kontekście sytuacyjnym zwrócono uwagę na opór, poczucie krzywdy jako czynniki prowadzące do intensyfikacji przebiegu interwencji. Podkreślono, że konfliktowy charakter relacji może prowadzić do eskalacji napięć skutkujących stosowaniem sankcji, wzrostem dystansu i oporu oraz naznaczeniem.
The article presents theoretical concepts and research in the extent of minors - police encounters, paying attention to their confrontational nature. This issue was analysed from three perspectives: environmental, individual and situational. Family and peer groups were described as the basic environmental factors. Age, gender and social background were analysed as typical individual factors. Describing situational context, attention was paid to resistance and injustice as factors leading to intensification of the police intervention. It was emphasized that the confrontational nature of the encounters may lead to the escalation of conflicts, applied sanctions, increase social distance, resistance and labelling process.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2018, 15; 93-105
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Sylwetki społeczne nieletnich – późniejszych dorosłych sprawców przestępstw
Social Profiles of Juveniles Who Become Adult Perpetrators
Autorzy:: Rzeplińska, Irena
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698714.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieletni
przestępczość nieletnich
badania kryminologiczne
sprawcy przestępstw
czyn karalny
juveniles
juvenile delinquency
perpetrator
punishable act
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 409-415
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:: Stosunek wychowanków zakładów poprawczych do religii
The Attitudes of Wards of Reformatories Towards Religion
Autorzy:: Lorek, Zdzisław
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698518.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1992
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieletni
zakład poprawczy
schronisko dla nieletnich
religia
badania sondażowe
juveniles
youth detention center
religion
survey
Opis:: Religious services were introduced to reformatories and hostels for detained juveniles by force of an ordinance of Minister of Justice of September 10, 1981 on religious practices and services in reformatories and hostels for detained juveniles (Official Gazette of the Ministry of Justice No 5, item 24). ln 1990, a study of 200 wards of 6 reformatories was carried out which concerned their attitude towards religion. A specially constructed questionnaire was used; besides, the study involved observation and interviews with the wards and staff. The findings show first of all the attitudes towards religion as declared by the respondents. The largest group in the sample of 200 juveniles were those aged 15–19 (86% of the sample). Those going to elementary school constituted 61,5%. Nearly a half of respondents had been confined to a variety of readjustment centers for at least two years. The families of most boys (85%) belonged to working classes. Every second respondent followed the norms of delinquent and prison subculture (i.e. was member of a group called git-ludzie). The questionnaire survey made it possible to divide the sample into three subgroups: those who declared themselves practising believers (43%); those who stated they were Catholics but not church-goers (42%); and the wards who said they were irreligious (15%). Of the 170 believing wards, 166 (97,6%) were Roman Catholics. Most wards attended the Mass at the reformatory (18% did that regularly, and 62% – occasionally). Yet as few as 15% attended religion classes regularly, and 22,55% occasionally. As for saying prayers, 25,5% did that regularly, and 41,5% – from time to time. Nearly a half of respondents owned religious objects, mainly pictures, the Bible, crosses, prayer books, holy medals, rosaries. The wards reformatories usually consider their friends to be mostly believers but not church-goers. For most respondents (72,5%) the problems of religion do not influence their choice of friends. What is astonishing, though, is the slight proportion of those among the respondents who would like a non-believer for a friend (2,5 %). Over a half of the sample (64%) think that religion can change a person for the better. At the same time, next to none (2) consider its influence to be negative. Choosing a wife in the future, 5l% of the iuvenile intend to take the question of religion into consideration. The rest of the sample consider their future wife’s religion unimportant. As regards the upbringing of children, as many as 72,5 respondents declare for the Catholic faith. In the sphere of the perception of the others in the categories of religion vs. irreligion, significant differences were found between practising believers and non-believers. Some social conditions of the declared religious attitudes were investigated. The wards who described themsleves as practising believers were found to come mainly from the families where also both parents (guardians) as well as siblings were believers. The practising believers used to have mainly believing friends in the past as well. The question whether the respondents’ parents (guardians) had induced them to perform religious duties was most frequintly answered in the affirmative by the practicising believers. Following placement in the reformatory, the number of practising believers among the juveniles dropped on the whole, and that of believers who do not go to church and of unbelievers went up. The hypothesis that religious wards of reformatories are better-behaved while in those institutions than their irreligious friends could not be confirmed. According to the established practice and internal regulations, leaves are granted to the well-behaved wards. It was found, though, that most leaves had been granted to believers but not church-goers, while prictising believers had won that award the least often. It turned out also, against expectations, that the greatest proportion of members of the delinquent subculture could be found among the practising believers, and the smallest one – the group of unbelievers. According to most respondents (83,5%), the wards of Polish reformatories enjoy a full freedom of religious practices. Yet as many as 44% rcspondents would like to be placed in an institution run by the clergy, and 69% – to go out of the reformatory to hear the Mass. The latter, however, were mainly believers but not church-goers. It seems, therefore, that the wish to hear masses said outside the institution not always follows from religious reasons. The controversial question whether the staff should induce the wards to practice religion was asked in the negative by 79% of the sample. The findings of the questionnaire survey show that, in principle, the juvenile wards of reformatories, have religious attitudes similar to those of the whole of young persons in the same age brackets. No relationship was found between the juveniles’ religious attitudes and their behavior in the institution. The respondents stated that the religious services offered by the reformatory generally satisfied the needs in that sphere.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 169-182
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Granice nieletniości w polskim prawie karnym
The Statutory Age-Limits of Juvenile Delinquenta in Polish Penal Law
Autorzy:: Rdzanek-Piwowar, Grażyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698533.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1993
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieletni przestępcy
nieletni
polskie prawo karne
kodeks karny
juvenile delinquents
juveniles
polish penal law
penal code
Opis:: The entering into force on 13 May l983 of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 ended the period of over fifty years of validity of provisions of the penal code of 1932 (Chapter XI) and code of criminal procedure of 1928 (Chapter II of Book XI) which regulated the principles of responsibility of juvenile perpetrators of “acts prohibited under penalty”. Authors of the pre-war legislation, at the first stage of its preparation in particular, intended to make it specific and educational in nature through omission in the treatment of juveniles of the elements of responsibility and punishment. The finally adopted solution was a compromise: responsibility of juveniles have been related to age, discernment, and type of measures applied. With respect to undiscerning juvenile perpetrators of acts prohibited under penalty under the age of 13, and also to those aged 13–17, only educational measures could be applied (admonition; supervision by the parents, former guardians, or a probation officer; placement in an educational institution) Juveniles aged 13–17 who discerned the meaning of their act were to be placed in a correction al institution; educational measures were to be applied in their cases if the circumstances, the juvenile’s personality or his living conditions made such placement inexpedient. Thus the legislation concerning juveniles remained part of the system of penal law in spite of the special features it started to acquire. That was also the direction, after the war in particular, of interpretation of the legal provisions. As a result, the measures applied to juveniles were given an explicitly educational character. This was done through the relation of those imeasures to the perpetrator’s personality and not to the act, and through abolition of the institution of discernment. Since discernment. Since mid–1950s, the juvenile courts followed instructions which changed the legal status of a juvenile. The age limit of penal responsibility of juveniles was set initially at ten and then at 13 years; younger children were not to be brought before the courts unless the case concerned guardianship. Many changes in the post-war provisions were also introduced by means of statutes. They concerned organization and functioning of the system of treatment of juveniles (strengthening of the role of judge, introduction of the so-called family courts, increased number of probation officers). This way, a socially desirable continuation of the legal tradition was secured by means of reforms which were evolutionary and dictated by the current needs, and without liquidation of the existing structures, tested in the practice of many decades. The new statute adopted many of those changes more or less directly. Setting the upper age limit of juveniles, the post-war penal code of 1969 preserved the principle according to which criminal responsibility is conditioned upon the offender’s age of at least 17 (Art. 9). At the same time, though, Art. 9 made it possible to apply to offenders aged 17 the measures normally designed for juveniles, and to sentence juveniles aged 16 guilty of the most serious crimes to the ordinary but extraordinarily mitigated penalties. The final shape of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 was influenced both by the intent to preserve the developed and tested solutions, and by the discussion that preceded its introduction when optional conceptions of the treatment of juveniles were submitted. The following stages of the thirty-two years’ period of legislative works can be distinguished: – the years 1950–1956; long works on a new penal code were in progress and attempts were made at aggravating the responsibility of juveniles through the introduction of penalties (according to a draft of 1950, penalties were to be imposed on juveniles starting from the age of 12); – the years 1956–1960; in 1956, it was decided to work on a separate statute on juvenil and not within the preparation of a new penal code; a special team of the Codification Commission failed to agree upon a draft of the statute; – the years 1961–65; no legislative works were formally in progres but two different conceptions were discussed: of inclusion of prevention in the act (which would thus apply to the socially maladjusted juveniles as well) and of introduction of social courts; – the years 1966–1971; attempts were made at partly realizing those conceptions in a succession of draft statutes; – the years 1972–76; the works were conducted by the Ministry of Education which tried to include the problems of prevention of juvenile delinquency and treatment of juveniles in a broader statute called the young generation code; – the years 1977–82 when the works on a statute were again taken over by the Ministry of Justice and a succession of versions of the draft were prepared. The Act of 26 October 1982 on the treatment of juveniles changed the scope of the notion of “juvenile”. According to the statutory definition, juveniles are: 1) persons with respect to whom provisions of the act apply in the sphere of prevention and control of demoralization; the upper age limit in this category is 18 years, and the lower limit is not specified; 2) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of proceedings in cases of punishable acts; such proceedings can be instituted towards persons who have been aged over 13 but under 17 while committing a punishable act; 3) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in connection with the carrying out of educational or corrective measures; the upper age limit of this category is 21 years. Tlerefore, the statute goes beyond the sphere traditionally reserved for penal law. The aim at making the statute educational in nature is manifested above all by the principle that the commission by a juvenile of a punishable act is not the only condition of the institution of proceedings in the case of that juvenile. The statute sanctions the need for intervention in the early stage of social maladjustment not only in cases where that maladjustment manifests itself in a punishable act. If a juvenile does commit an act of this kind, his offence is not examined in the categories of guilt and responsibility. This is manifested by the abolition of the criteria of discernment, by the term “punishable act” used to designate an offence committed by a juvenile, and by the absence of the term “responsibility of juveniles” in the name and provisions of the statute discussed. The statute bases on the assumption of education; its basic notion is demoralization. In its first meaning in which it has been used by the legislator, “demoralization'” is treated as a prerequisite of initiation of proceedings. Were the educational assumptions adopted to the full, commission of a punishable act could and should be treated as one of the symptoms of demoralization, not different in any way from the other symptoms. Assumed in the statute, however, is a special treatment of the juveniles with respecr to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of prevention of demoralization, and in the sphere of control of demoralization. With respect to the latter, provisions of the statute on proceedings in cases of punishable acts apply, and with respect to the former – provisions on civil proceedings. The differentiation introduced by the statute (which is not consistent for that matter) results from a specific compromise: a combination of the ideas of prevention and education with the approach typical of penal law where the legal response is conditioned upon the gravity of the act. A conflict of the tendencies which clash nowadays all over the world – to preserve the model of treatment of juveniles within the institutions of penal law on the one hand, and to give the statute an educational character on the other hand – can be noticed in other provisions of the statute discussed as well. In the classical system, the age limits of juveniles were clear and had just as clearly defined functions – they marked out the age of the so-called conditional criminal responsibility, provided discernment could be ascertained. Today, the upper limit of the age of juveniles is usually also the limit of full criminal responsibility, although many legislations provide for an exceptional possibility of imposition of penalties upon the oldest juveniles who commit a crime or a serious offence. The problem of the lower limit is more entangled , the modern legislations adopting several age limits here which results usually from the need to determine different scopes of intervention of the legal provisions in the sphere of juvenile law. Therefore, what still remains an important issue is for the juvenile law to define an age limit below which provisions of penal law never apply, not even as auxiliaries.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 191-231
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:: Opieka nad dzieckiem przestępczym na ziemiach polskich w XIX wieku
The Care About the Juvenile Delinquent in the Polish Territories in the 19th Century
Autorzy:: Szewczyk, Izabela
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853604.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2005
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:: nieletni przestępcy
odpowiedzialność karna nieletnich
zakłady poprawcze
juvenile delinquents
legal liability of the juveniles
corrective centres
Opis:: Poland was under difficult circumstances in the 19th century. Both the legal procedure and care on juvenile delinquents was formed differently, irrespective of a tendency in the partitioner. The pace of foreign laws and first specialist institutions for juvenile delinquents in the three partitions was different and depended strictly on the partitioners' decisions. It was in the Polish Kingdom that the initiative to set up corrective centres was the fastest and most numerous. Following a charitable initiative three institutions were established and functioned there (the Mokotów Institute of Moral Improvement of Children, Agricultural-Craft ... in Studzień, and the School of Labour in Struga). In the Prussian and Austrian partitions the initiative to establish institutes for juvenile delinquents belonged to the state. In the Prussian partition there were two corrective centres: in Chojnice and Szubina, whereas in the Austrian partition the first institute started as late as the 20th century. All the above institutes did not play any important role in fighting delinquency because the number of places they offered were insufficient. Nevertheless they initiated of organised work with juvenile delinquents in the 20th century.
Źródło:: Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2005, 33, 2; 85-102
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:: Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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