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Wyszukujesz frazę "Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Henryk Rzewuski and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Law
Autorzy:
Zakrzewski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Henryk Rzewuski
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s law
historical tale
prawo dawnej Rzeczypospolitej
gawęda szlachecka
Opis:
Henryk Rzewuski’s (1791–1866) works cannot be a source of knowledge about Polish-LithuanianCommonwealth’s legal history. The pieces of information given by him have been at times one-sided and deceptive. Nevertheless, they may – if used with a critical approach – provide details on the old jurisprudence in the 19th century and on the praxis of applying the old law under Russian rule. They also can be a research base on the author’s views on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s legal and political system, as well as their portrayal in the 19th-century gawęda szlachecka (literary genre associated primarily with noble storytelling, specific to Polish literature of that time). It is also worth continuing the search for – mentioned in Rzewuski’s manuscript – the two-volume Remarks on the Lithuanian Statute written by his father, Adam Wawrzyniec Rzewuski and allegedly published in1782, in Nieśwież. Although there is no certainty whether this work ever existed, it is worth searching for it.
Prace Henryka Rzewuskiego (1791–1866) nie mogą być źródłem poznania dawnego prawa Rzeczypospolitej. Podane przezeń informacje były niekiedy jednostronne, niekiedy zaś dość bałamutne. Mogą jednak – przy krytycznym podejściu – dostarczać danych na temat znajomości prawa dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w XIX stuleciu i praktyce stosowania dawnego prawa pod rządami rosyjskimi. Mogą też być podstawą badań poglądów ich autora na prawo i ustrój Rzeczypospolitej, jak również obrazu tego prawa w dziewiętnastowiecznej gawędzie szlacheckiej. Warto też kontynuować poszukiwania – wskazanej w rękopisie Henryka Rzewuskiego – wydanej ponoć w 1782 r. w Nieświeżu dwutomowej pracy autorstwa jego ojca – Adama Wawrzyńca Rzewuskiego pt. Uwagi nad Statutem litewskim. Nie ma pewności, czy dzieło to w ogóle powstało, lecz poszukiwać warto.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2016, 25, 3
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kuchnia w I Rzeczypospolitej
Cuisine in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Chmiel, Aleksy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/509403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
kuchnia średniowieczna
kuchnia królewska
karczma
piwo
wino
miód pitny
medieval cuisine
royal cuisine
inn
beer
wine
mead
Opis:
Człowiek od zawsze skazany był na zdobywanie pożywienia, najpierw polując pojedynczo, później w grupie oraz zbierając to, co rosło w puszczy lub na polu. W Polsce średniowiecznej kuchnia dzieliła się na: królewską, magnaterii, szlachty, chłopów i z czasem mieszczan. Podstawę diety cały czas stanowiło mięso pochodzące z upolowanej lub wyhodowanej zwierzyny, pochodne zbóż, warzywa i jarzyny oraz owoce. Spośród napojów spożywano piwo, warzone domowym sposobem, miody pitne, wino krajowe i zagraniczne, później zaś gorzałkę oraz herbatę i kawę. Kuchnia polska znajdowała się pod wpływami kuchni włoskiej, hiszpańskiej i francuskiej, jednak nie oznaczało to, że zrezygnowano z kuchni rodzimej, staropolskiej, o czym świadczą spożywane do dzisiaj dania w postaci schabowego z kapustą, bigosu, barszczu, flaków, pieczeni wieprzowej i wołowej czy też, traktowanej jako przysmak, gęsi z jabłkiem. Najbardziej bogato jadano na dworze królewskim, pałacach możnych i biskupich, nieco mniej bogato wśród szlachty średniej i bogatego mieszczań-stwa, biednie jadali mieszczanie i ubogo chłopi, którzy w kolejnych wiekach musieli zadowolić się czarnym chlebem, kaszą, często bez omasty, a za napitek służyła zwykła woda. Celem rozważań jest ukazanie rozwoju kuchni i sposobów żywienia w Polsce w okresie średniowiecza i czasów nowożytnych do utraty niepodległości w 1795 roku. Przedmiotem analizy było wyżywienie dworu królewskiego, magnaterii, szlachty, mieszczaństwa i chłopów, a także wpływu nowości z Zachodu na kuchnię polską.
The human being has always been doomed to getting food, first hunting singly, later in group, and harvesting what was growing in the forest or in the field. In the medieval Poland, cuisine was divided into the royal one, aristocracy, nobility, peasants and, over time, citizens. The basis of diet all the time was meat of hunted or raised animals, grain, vegetables and greens, and fruit. Among the drinks, there were consumed beer, brewed domestically, meads, domestic and foreign wine, and later on booze (whisky) as well as tea and coffee. Polish cuisine was influenced by Italian, Spanish and French cuisine, though it did not mean they resigned from the national, Old Polish cuisine, what is evidenced by the dishes being consumed till nowadays such as kotlet schabowy(breaded cutlet) with cabbage, bigos(sauerkraut stew), barszcz(beet borscht), flaki(tripe soup), pork and beef pieczeń (roast) or also, treated as dainty, roast goose with apples. They most abundantly they used to eat in the royal court, in palaces of the mighty and bishops, somewhat less abundantly among middle gentry and rich citizens, poorly ate common citizens and meagrely peasants who, over the next centuries, had to settle for black bread, cereals, often without fat, and as drink they used to have plain water. An aim of considerations is to show the development of cuisine and diets in Poland in the Middle Ages and modern ages, till the loss of independence in 1795. The subject matter of analysis was food of the royal court, aristocracy, gentry, middle class, and peasants as well as the influence of novelties from West on Polish cuisine.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula; 2015, 45(7)Turystyka II; 5-27
2353-2688
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected Dysfunctions of Statehood during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Critical Conclusions for Today
Autorzy:
Konarski, Wawrzyniec
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15848500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
politics
state
Commonwealth
Polska
Lithuania
Opis:
The Polish State, with due regard to the time constraints on its continuity, is perceived from the perspective of more than a thousand years. Simultaneously, as an organised entity with its own values, it has been a mental problem for Poles since the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries and is continued until now. Thus, the reflections here have been restricted to the mentioned period because it is then that the main drawbacks of the Polish State began to occur. They include a description of these major flaws as we understand them and their effects. We often express the belief that our state disappeared from the map of Europe mainly due to the actions of our aggressive and finally partitioning neighbours. However, in doing so, we distance ourselves from the mistakes in managing the state made by the generations of our ancestors. This article analyses and exemplifies a deeper, critical academic reflection on these errors committed internally during the mentioned period and visible until today.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 2(52); 145-158
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monastycyzm Kościoła prawosławnego w I Rzeczypospolitej
Monasticism of Orthodox Church in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Pawluczuk, Urszula Anna
Wojciechowski, Leszek
Ryba, Mieczysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/23943699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-10-31
Wydawca:
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Tematy:
monastycyzm
bazylianie
klasztory
prawosławie
Rzeczpospolita
Opis:
Rzeczpospolita od wieków związana jest z tradycją monastycyzmu wschodniego. Monastery w strukturach Kościoła prawosławnego zajmowały i zajmują najważniejsze miejsce, jako centra duchowości i przekazu tożsamości religijnej oraz kulturowej. Monastery na ziemiach ruskich Rzeczypospolitej nie tworzyły sieci zakonnej-kongregacji, a poszczególne jednostki były od siebie niezależne. W krajach znajdujących się w kręgu bizantyjsko-słowiańskim, zanim jeszcze ukształtowały się struktury cerkiewne najpierw powstawały ośrodki monastyczne. Głęboka tradycja monastycyzmu, tkwiąca korzeniami w czasach Rusi Kijowskiej, swoją kontynuację znalazła w prawosławnych ośrodkach monastycznych XVI-wiecznej Rzeczypospolitej. W wiekach XVII-XVIII monastery, szczególnie na terenie miast Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, stały się główną ostoją prawosławia i opozycji antyunijnej [=przeciwko unii kościelnej, unii brzeskiej]. Szczególnie ważne były monastery, w których znajdowały się słynące z cudów ikony czy relikwie świętych. Edukacja przyklasztorna zajmowała istotne miejsce w systemie edukacji religijnej młodego pokolenia, a bogate zbiory biblioteczne, chociażby monasteru supraskiego czy ławryszewskiego, znane były poza granicami kraju. Monastery dostarczały kandydatów na biskupów, były miejscami rozwoju sztuki sakralnej. W ośrodkach monastycznych mnisi oraz mniszki prowadzili m.in. pracownie ikonopisców i kopistów, drukarnie, przytułki, szpitale czy gospodarkę monasterską.
The Commonwealth has had ties to the Eastern monastic tradition for centuries. In structures of the Orthodox Church, monasteries held, and continue to hold, the most important position as centres of spirituality and conveyance of identity, both religious and cultural. On Ruthenian territories of the Commonwealth, the monasteries did not form monastic networks-congregations; individual entities operated independently. In the countries of Byzantine-Slavic circle, monastic centres were established even before church structures were formed. Deep monastic tradition, dating back to the times of Kievan Rus’, found its continuation in Orthodox monastic centres of 16th century Commonwealth. In 17th and 18th centuries, the monasteries, especially those located in the cities of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, have become the mainstay of Orthodox faith and opposition against the Union of Brest. Particular importance was attached to monasteries, which held icons famous for miracles or relics of saints. Cloister schools were and important element of religious education of the young generation, and rich library holdings, such as those of Supraśl or Ławryszew monasteries were well known outside the country. The monasteries supplied bishop candidates, they fostered sacral art. In monastic centres, the monks and nuns have maintained icon painting and copying workshops, print houses, orphanages, hospitals and monastery economy.
Źródło:
Rola Kościoła w dziejach Polski. Kościoły w Rzeczypospolitej; 355-366
9788394837433
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Scottish diaspora in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Szkocka Diaspora na terenie Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów
Autorzy:
Górnik, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1070410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
Tematy:
Scots
immigration
the Commonwealth
Scottish settlers
Szkoci
imigracja
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
szkoccy osadnicy
Opis:
Na przełomie szesnastego i siedemnastego wieku Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów doświadczyła bezprecedensowego napływu szkockich imigrantów. Szacuje się, że w okresie największego wzrostu imigracji, w Polsce było około 30,000 szkockich osadników (Bajer,2012, p.77). W czasach, kiedy Europa pochłonięta była różnymi wojnami i konfliktami o podłożu religijnym, zróżnicowana etnicznie oraz tolerancyjna Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów stała się 'Ameryką tamtych czasów' dla szkockich migrantów (Popławska, 1993, p.35), umożliwiająca zdobycie pełnych praw obywatelskich jak również najważniejszych funkcji w państwie. Niniejszy artykuł, zatem poświęcony jest analizie głównych czynników, które wpłynęły na migracje jak również udział Szkotów w życiu politycznym, religijnym i wojskowym ówczesnej Polski.
Źródło:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal; 2020, 1; 169-182
2450-3576
2719-3217
Pojawia się w:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prolegomena historyczne – wielojęzyczność w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
Historical Prolegomena – Multilingualism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Walczak, Bogdan
Mielczarek, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2109421.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
history of Polish
linguistic diversity
linguistic integration
Opis:
The article presents a concise characteristic of the linguistic diversity in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later (from 1569 that is from the Union of Lublin) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The heyday of this diversity was in the 15th century before the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was created. From this century (the gentry of the Commonwealth) and even more intensively from the 16th century, the process of the linguistic integration began, at first spontaneously spreading in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and later (as we mentioned above, from 1569) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result of this integration, Polish came to be the first language of the political elites. It is worth reminding that the linguistic integration was accompanied by a religious unification. In the 17th century one can observe transcending of Polish (as a language of the higher culture) beyond the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (to Moscow and Wallachia).
Źródło:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2017, 17; 255-268
1641-6961
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Francuzi w XVII-wiecznej Rzeczypospolitej
The French in the 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Michalczuk, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Francja
Rzeczypospolita
wiek XVII
stosunki polsko-francuskie
cudzoziemcy w Polsce
szlachta
France
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
the 17th century
Polish-French relations
foreigners in Poland
nobility
Opis:
XVII wiek był okresem, w którym nastąpił wzrost zainteresowania Francuzów Rzeczypospolitą. Jednym z powodów było przybycie nad Wisłę Ludwiki Marii Gonzagi. Stosunki Polaków z przybyszami układały się w sposób zmienny. Dopóki zadowalali się niskimi urzędami i nie interesowali sprawami politycznymi, byli mile widziani w kraju. Gdy zaczęli ingerować w politykę, spadała na nich fala krytyki. Dotyczyło to również królowej. Niemniej jednak, francuscy podróżnicy w swoich relacjach rzadko opisywali przypadki agresji ze strony Polaków. Wręcz przeciwnie, pisali raczej o życzliwości i gościnności gospodarzy.
The 17th century was a period when the French became more interested in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. One of the reasons was Marie Louise Gonzaga’s arrival in Poland. The relations between the Poles and the newcomers were changeable. As long as they were satisfied with low offices and were not interested in political affairs, they were welcomed in the country. When they began to intervene in politics, they met a wave of criticism. This also referred to the queen. Nevertheless, French travellers seldom described in his accounts examples of aggression on the part of the Poles. On the contrary, they wrote about the hosts’ kindness and hospitality.
Źródło:
Studia Podlaskie; 2019, 27; 61-74
0867-1370
Pojawia się w:
Studia Podlaskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ethno-Religious Heritage of Former Eastern Territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Contemporary Poland
Autorzy:
Rykała, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-07-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
ethno-religious heritage
ethnic minorities
religious minorities
Tartars-Muslims
Karaites
Armenians
Eastern Borderlands
Opis:
The main objective of this paper is to present the national and religious heritage of the Eastern Borderlands in contemporary Poland. The paper deals with the genesis and selected aspects of the spatial development of the ethnic and religious minorities (mainly Tartars-Muslims, Karaites and Armenians) that date back to the eastern areas of the former Republic (including the territories of Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine) but, due to the post-war border changes and migrations, formed clusters in contemporary Poland and organized various forms of group life.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2013, 20, 1
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Eighteen-century Alliance Treaties of the Neighbouring Countries, 1720–72
Autorzy:
Kordel, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601409.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
nobility’s freedoms/liberties
free election
liberum veto
anarchy
alliance treaties between Russia
Prussia
and Austria
Opis:
When in 1719 Augustus II of Poland made an attempt to emancipate himself from the influence of the Russian emperor, the latter entered into alliance with the Prussian king, with the intent of preventing emancipation of the monarch and his country. The alliance concluded by Tsar Peter the Great with King Frederick William I of Prussia expressed the substantial interests of both monarchies. It was all about keeping watchful oversight of political and military weakness of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and rendering the country isolated in the international arena. The programme established by Petersburg and Berlin remained valid until the end of the eighteenth century and the final, third, partition of Poland. The monarchs guaranteed that they would do everything possible to prevent the Polish constitutional system from altering (keeping the king’s rights restrained against the liberties maintained – primarily the liberum veto and free election of monarch), and treasury and military reforms from implementing. The preponderance over the Commonwealth implied the participation of Russia in what is termed the concert of the European powers. For the country of the Hohenzollerns, the debilitation of the nobility-based republic was, in turn, an opportunity for increasing the its territory, which had been policy energetically pursued since the Great Elector Frederick William’s reign (1640–88). For these reasons, the whole series of Russo-Prussian alliance treaties (1726, 1729, 1740, 1743, 1764, 1769, and 1772) comprised provisions regarding Polish affairs. The range of the issues covered by these bipartite agreements was ever-broadening, extending to the dissenters’ affair, among other things. Other reasons stood behind the inclusion of clauses related to the Commonwealth in Russian-Austrian treaties. Of substantial importance was the antagonism prevalent in the Reich between Austria and Prussia, which from 1740 onwards turned into acrimonious hostility. The Viennese Burg, which solicited favour from Petersburg, endeavoured to persuade its Russian ally that it was ready and willing to replace the Prussian partner in Poland-related matters of importance to Russia (cf. the treaties of 1726, 1730, 1733, 1746). Discussed is also a never-ratified tripartite agreement of 1732 – the so-called Löwenwolde’s treaty – which was momentous for the designs of the contracting parties, as well as the partition treaties of 1772.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 116
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reformation as an Inspiration for Reforms of the Eastern Churches in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Wereda, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
the Uniate Church
the Orthodox Church
Hipacy Pociej
Józef Welamin Rutski
Reformation
Opis:
The Reformation was a phenomenon influencing transformations of the Orthodox Church and the Uniate Church in the multi-denominational Polish-Lithuanian state. In response to a particularly severe lack of education compounded by the influence of the Reformation in the Easter Churches, certain educational initiatives were undertaken, translation of the Bibleand liturgical texts into the Old Orthodox Church Slavonic language, acquainting people with new forms and ways of religious apologetics. Ideas initiated by the Reformation weredeveloped in the 16th century by Piotr Mohyła. Under the influence of the Reformation a new quality of relationships and social bonds was created in the Orthodox Church society of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The activities of laymen and Orthodox Church fraternities became more intensified. The ideas of the Reformation on soteriological subjects became an inspiration for part of Orthodox Church elites to enter into union with the Papacy.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2018, 7; 187-194
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oprawa posagu królowych w szlacheckiej Rzeczypospolitej
Dowry Insurance of Queens in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Szulc, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
posag królowej
intercyza małżeńska
zabezpieczenie posagu królowej
uposażenie królowej
zabezpieczenia majątkowe posagu królowej
queen’s dowry
prenuptial agreement
marriage articles
dowry insurance
emoluments of the queen
financial securing of the queen’s dowry
Opis:
Kontrakt małżeński nakładał na króla obowiązek zabezpieczenia posagu królowej. W szlacheckiej Rzeczypospolitej monarcha nie miał prywatnego majątku. Decyzje o zabezpieczeniu posagu królowej podejmowała Rzeczpospolita czyli stany sejmujące. Po śmierci króla na utrzymanie królowej wdowy uchwalano oprawę wdowią. Zabezpieczenie przyznane Annie Jagiellonce stanowiło rekompensatę za zrzeczenie się przez nią prawa do spadku dynastycznego na rzecz Królestwa Polskiego. Inicjatorem zabezpieczenia posagu w okresie bezkrólewia były zgromadzenia szlacheckie, po elekcji – monarcha, wyjątkowo – sama królowa. Zainteresowani ustanowieniem reformacji byli dyplomaci tego dworu, z którego wywodziła się małżonka króla, zaś w okresie ostatniej elekcji (1764 r.) – dyplomaci rosyjscy. Odbywało się to często w trakcie ostrej walki politycznej między opozycją a królem. Zgoda na uchwalenie oprawy stawała się jedną z form presji wywieranej na władcę, mającą go skłonić do odstąpienia od pewnych zamiarów zagrażających wolnościom szlachty. Okoliczności towarzyszące każdorazowo ustanowieniu zabezpieczenia oprawy królowej były inne. Panujący musiał czasem ponawiać żądanie uchwalenia oprawy dla królowej na następnym sejmie. Praktyka pokazała, że wniosek monarchy, mimo oporu opozycji, rozstrzygany był zwykle po jego myśli.
Prenuptial contracts obliged the king to insure the queen’s dowry. Without fulfilling this condition, the queen’s dowry was not transferred to the king. In the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth the monarch did not own private assets. Decisions about insuring the queen’s dowry were taken by the Parliament of the Commonwealth (Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Szlacheckiej). After the king’s death, the maintenance of the queen widow was secured with the widow’s dowry insurance. The dowry insurance of Anna Jagiellonka constituted a compensation for her right to the family inheritance, which she renounced in favor of the Polish Kingdom. During the interregnum, the initiative to secure the queen’s dowry was taken by the Parliament after the election – by the monarch, in exceptional circumstances – the queen herself. Diplomats of the queen’s royal house insisted that the Parliament grants the dowry insurance, while during the last election (1764) this interest was represented by Russian diplomats. Securing the queen’s dowry often took place in a vehement political fight between the king and his opposition, which tried to force the king into making political concession. Circumstances in which the dowry insurance was granted were different each time. Sometimes the king had to repeat on the next parliamentary session his request to grant the insurance to the queen. The practice shows that the king’s request was usually granted, notwithstanding the resistance of the political opposition.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2015, XCIV (94); 123-148
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The state of medical knowledge in Poland and local methods of maintaining health and longevity according to the Irish physician of Jan III Sobieski
Autorzy:
White, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12
Wydawca:
Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)
Tematy:
POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH
Connor
XVII c.
medicine
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
Bernard Connor held the position of Jan III Sobieski’s personal physician for a year. One of the outcomes of his time in Poland is the two-volume The History of Poland, which was published in London in 1698. Not only does the work provide interesting historical facts relating to the country, but it also reveals details concerning the professional job carried out by the author. He was, for instance, particularly interested in curious medical cases and the interplay between behaviour and health. One of the most well-known and engaging section of his work concerns the notes on the “kołtun” and the reflections on the cause of Poles’ strong and good health.
Źródło:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2021, 12; 5-16
2384-9266
Pojawia się w:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Final Reports of Papal Diplomats as a Cultural Message: The Case of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Gregorowicz, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/695695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Diplomacy
papacy
Polska
Lithuania
final reports
nunciature
Opis:
This paper focuses on the cultural and political importance of papal nuncios’ final reports (relazioni finali) as one of the basic sources of knowledge about the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth in the Roman Curia. The final report was a document, in essence a summary, which a diplomat was required to complete at the end of his mission (or immediately after). During the creation of the office of permanent nuncio to the major European courts, the preparation and delivery of the final report often took place orally. Gradually, the relazione evolved into a written version. Throughout the sixteenth century, when knowledge about Poland-Lithuania in Rome was rather poor, the relazioni finali consisted of colourful descriptions of the geography, the history, and the social and political relations of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the seventeenth century, this document became more political in character. It related directly to the activities of the papal diplomats, rituals and ceremonials, and any particular problems regarding the missions, rather than extensive descriptions of relatively banal curiosities. Throughout the seventeenth century in particular, when a permanent papal diplomatic presence had just been established in Poland-Lithuania, the final reports were an important contribution to future missions. Newly-appointed nuncios therefore willingly used the extremely important information contained therein. The practice of writing relazioni finali made it easier for the Holy See to consolidate its diplomatic influence and presence in Central and Eastern Europe in the early modern period. It also fostered papal interest in the social and political features of the enormous ‘noble’ republic.
Źródło:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2017, 1
2545-1685
2545-1693
Pojawia się w:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Toleration, or Church–State Relations? The Determinant in Negotiating Religions in the Modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Kriegseisen, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2013, 107
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Polish Sattelzeit? New Concepts in the Political Language at the Twilight of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Grześkowiak-Krwawicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131468.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-19
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
eighteenth century
political discourse
history of ideas
conceptual history
Opis:
The political discourse in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth changed deeply in the second half of the eighteenth century. New concepts, terms and notions were integrated into it, some of them drawn from the vocabularies of Western philosophers. The article tries to answer the question what these concepts or notions were, and how their adaptation informed the language itself and the descriptions of the political world and political-system projects formulated in it. Based on the analysis of theoretical treatises as well as writings produced as part of current political debate of the years 1764–92, the author seeks to demonstrate the ways in which the political disputants of King Stanislaus Augustus’s time endeavoured to face the state’s crisis through introducing new words and ideas, and in which the language was adapting to the challenges of the changing socio-political situation. She argues that the concepts which appeared in the last quarter of the century in the Polish political language were fundamental to the description and view of the world – to the extent that a breakthrough in Polish discussion on society and state is identifiable along these lines.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2021, 122; 31-50
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Беларускi сенатар Польшчы Вячаслаў Багдановiч
Vyacheslav Bogdanovich Belarusian senator in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Łabyncew, Jurij
Szczawinskaja, Łarysa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Belarusian national movement
Belarusian literature
Orthodoxy
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Vyacheslav Bogdanovich
Opis:
The article discusses life and work of Vyacheslav Bogdanovich (1878–1939/1940?), an outstanding figure of Belarusian national movement, a senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The son of a Belarusian Orthodox priest, he became one of the most recognized intellectual leaders of his nation, a talented writer, a skilled polemicist and a politician. V. Bogdanovich is the author of many different works. Special attention is paid to his articles devoted to the poetry of Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas as well as hagiographic studies related to the mission of the Orthodox patrons of Belarus – Anthony, John and Eustafij. The problem of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Poland, which became disastrous for V. Bogdanovich, affected all aspects of his multilateral activities. It also had a direct impact on his description of such topics as “Belarusian spiritual heritage”, “languages of the Orthodox Church”, “the people and the intelligentsia”, “the church and the state”. The last days of V. Bogdanovich’s life were tragic. He was released from Polish detention in September 1939, less than a month later he was arrested in Vilnus by the NKVD and went missing.
Źródło:
Białorutenistyka Białostocka; 2021; 281-312
2081-2515
Pojawia się w:
Białorutenistyka Białostocka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Karaite chronography of the 16th–19th centuries from the Crimea and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Akhiezer, Golda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/916401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Chronography
Avraham ben Yoshiyahu
Azaria ben Eliya
Crimea
Troki
Opis:
This article focuses on a genre of Karaite historical writing of the Crimea and Poland-Lithuania – the chronography of which has never been researched by scholars. The object of this study is to analyze the main characteristics of this chronography. This genre existed in the Crimea in the 16th-19th centuries and supposedly emerged due to the influence of both Tatar chronicles and Rabbanite historiography. The scanty number of Polish-Lithuanian chronicles from the 17th century on were supposedly affected by Polish chronicles and by Crimean Karaite chronicles. This genre includes a diversity of writings with different characteristics. In order to define them as historical writings I sorted them and divided them into sub-genres. This division, as well as the authors’ purpose in their writings, help us to define whether a certain text is associated with the historical writing and to come to some conclusions about the author’s views concerning history, his self-identification and his mentality in general.
Źródło:
Karaite Archives; 2013, 1; 5-16
2353-2327
Pojawia się w:
Karaite Archives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unia Lubelska aktem założycielskim Rzeczypospolitej
The Union of Lublin as a founding act of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Krochmal, Jacek
Rachuba, Andrzej
Choińska-Mika, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/16647667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-23
Wydawca:
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Tematy:
unia lubelska
Rzeczpospolita
unie polsko-litewskie
Union of Lublin
Polish-Lithuanian unions
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Central Archive of Historical Records
AGAD
Źródło:
Unia Lubelska 1569 roku i unie w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej; 13-64
9788395630255
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cele i organizacja zakładów karnych w I Rzeczypospolitej
Objectives and organization of prisons in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Bieda, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/968531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The features of prisons in old Poland, their role and the organization were changing along with the evolution of views on the aims and goals of punishment in the criminal justice system. Quite different is the picture when punishment is to have the rehabilitation effect and another if the basic premise of penal policy is the principle of deterrence, and not to amend the morality of the criminals (that was the situation in Poland until the 18th century). The imprisonment could be conducted in five different ways. The choice of prison was performer on the basis of the type of crime committed, but was the condition of the convict was also of some importance. At as early as in the 12–13th centuries there appeared prisons for people of lower states, to which burghers and peasants were sent. Initially, they acted as a preventive measure only. In the Middle Ages an upper tower, used mainly in relation to the nobility, was developed. It was an institution according to which the penance took place in decent, almost home-like, conditions. In the modern era, in the first half of the 16th century, there appeared a lower tower, which was often not so much a place of imprisonment, but slow death. The 18th century brought significant changes in the nature and function of prisons, which were associated with the incoming ideas of the Enlightenment to the Republic, according to which the penalty was meant to be a means of improvement and rehabilitation rather than retribution. Deposition in the tower, which was a place of repentance devoid of any factors of rehabilitation, was graduały replaced with sending the convicts to prison. Marshal prison should be noted since it stood for changes. It was a modern facility in which the sentenced were kept in very humanitarian as for those times conditions, and their moral advancement was of great interest so as to make sure they would not return on the criminal path. An important role played also the improvement houses and houses of forced labor, the essential aim of which was the improvement of prisoners’ morality and behaviour through work and prayer.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2015, 94
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Laboratory for Analysing Connections between Confessions, the Demographic Regime, and Human Capital
Autorzy:
Guzowski, Piotr
Poniat, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601407.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
religious diversity
household structures
human capital
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
Religion played a key role in the normative systems of early modern societies. This article is an introduction to a more extensive project, in which we will conduct a historical analysis of the role of religion in economic, demographic, and civilizational growth. We believe that the sources that have survived from the early modern period provide ample data to allow for quantitative studies on this subject. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth appears to be an excellent laboratory because of its unique religious diversity, which allowed for the relatively peaceful coexistence of many religions on its territory. In this paper we analyse censuses from the second half of the eighteenth century which registered the mixed denomination/religious populations of villages (the Zabartowo parish), a small town (Kępno) and a big city (Warsaw). We try to show that these censuses can be used not only in typical demographic studies on family structures, but can also be successfully used in research on human capital in religiously diversified societies.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 116
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and its inhabitants during the Great Northern War in general Magnus Stenbock’s opinion
Autorzy:
Majewska, Gabriela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1592351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Polska
Sweden
the Great Northern War
Magnus Stenbock
Polska
Szwecja
wojna północna
Opis:
Magnus Stenbock należał do najwybitniejszych dowódców w armii Karola XII czasu wielkiej wojny północnej (1700–1721). Na ziemiach polskich przebywał w charakterze okupanta wraz ze szwedzkim wojskiem w latach 1702–1706. Jego nastawienie do Polski i Polaków wynikało z doświadczeń wojennych, zwłaszcza łatwych zwycięstw odnoszonych nad Polakami. Zwycięstwa utwierdziły Szwedów w przekonaniu o małej wartości militarnej armii przeciwnika i sprzyjały utrwaleniu się lekceważącego, przechodzącego w pogardę stosunku do mieszkańców ziem Rzeczpospolitej. Mimo że wielu Polaków stanęło po szwedzkiej stronie i współpracowało z najeźdźcą, Stenbock nie darzył ich zaufaniem, zarzucał obłudę, dwulicowość, niestałość w poglądach, oskarżał o nieposłuszeństwo i brak skrupułów. Sytuacja w jakiej znaleźli się kolaborujący z Karolem XII Polacy wymagała umiejętności lawirowania, tak by ściągane kontrybucje były możliwie najmniej uciążliwe. Bezwzględne metody ściągania przez Szwedów kontrybucji wyzwalały jednak w Polakach nieposłuszeństwo i opór. Obracając się wśród polskiej arystokracji i szlachty, Stenbock dostrzegał skłócenie, intrygi, rozwiązłość. Atrakcyjny dla szwedzkiego generała, nieprzywykłego do zbytku i przepychu, był wystawny tryb życia polskich wyższych sfer. Zainteresowanie budził nie tylko egzotyczny ubiór Polaków, ale także broń, srebrne zastawy stołowe, dywany, kosztowne tkaniny, futra, pościel, obrusy, lustra, zegary, obrazy. Wiele z tych przedmiotów Stenbock wywiózł w postaci łupów do Szwecji. Generał krytycznie oceniał wartość bojową polskiej armii, ale dla obrony Skanii przed Danią utworzył pospolite ruszenie chłopów na wzór polski. Przebywając 5 lat na ziemiach polskich Magnus Stenbock miał wiele okazji dobrze poznać Polaków. Często jednak wydawał uproszczone, przesadzone i niesprawiedliwe oceny. Wiele cech polskiego charakteru zasługiwało niewątpliwie na potępienie, ale na chwiejność,dwulicowość, lawirowanie czy nieposłuszeństwo społeczeństwa polskiego, na co skarżył się generał, wpływała sytuacja w jakiej znaleźli się kolaborujący ze Szwedami Polacy oraz postępowanie obcego wojska. Oceny i sądy wydawane przez Magnusa Stenbocka na temat Polski i jej mieszkańców nie odbiegały od opinii formułowanych przez Karola XII oraz innych szwedzkich dowódców wojskowych.
SummaryMagnus Stenbock was one of the most outstanding commanders in the army of Charles XII during the Great Northern War (1700–1721). Magnus spent the years 1702–1706 in the Polish territory as an invader with the Swedish troops. His attitude towards Poland and the Polish resulted from his war experience, especially the easy victories over the Polish. The victories confirmed the Swedes in their belief about the low military value of the Polish army and favoured a disdainful approach to the inhabitants of the Commonwealth. Although many Poles took sides with the Swedes and collaborated with them, Stenbock did not trust them, he accused them of hypocrisy, duplicity, instability in their opinions, disobedience and unscrupulousness. The situation of the Polish collaborating with Charles XII required a skill of manoeuvring, so that the exacted taxes would be the least possible burdensome, and on the other hand the ruthless methods of exacting the taxes triggered in the Polish resistance and disobedience. Socialising with the Polish aristocracy and gentry Stenbock noticed their quarrels, intrigues, and dissolution. Their lavish life was attractive for the Swedish general who was not accustomed to luxury and splendour. His interest was aroused not only by the exotic way the Polish got dressed, but also by their arms, silverware, carpets, expensive cloths, furs, bedclothes, tablecloths, mirrors, clocks, paintings. Magnus took many of those artefacts to Sweden as loots. The general harshly judged the Polish battle worthiness, but in defence of Scania against Denmark he formed a levy in mass of peasants following the example of Poland. Staying for five years in Poland Magnus Stenbock had many occasions to get to know the Polish; yet, he quite often gave simplified, exaggerated or unjust opinions. Many traits of the Polish character deserved to be condemned, but their duplicity, disobedience or instability – the features the general complained of – were results of the situation the Poles collaborating with the Swedes found themselves in, and of the way the Swedish army behaved in Poland. Opinions on Poland and its inhabitants given by Magnus Stenbock did not differ from the ones given by Charles XII and other army commanders.
Źródło:
Studia Maritima; 2018, 31; 135-154
0137-3587
2353-303X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Maritima
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Семантика иконы в Беларуси периода I Речи Посполитой*
Semantics of icon in Belorussia in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Иванчина, Ольга
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Supraska
Tematy:
икона
семантика белорусской иконы
иконография I Речи Посполитой
символика в иконографии
реальность социальной жизни в белорусской иконограф
Opis:
The article gives a philosophical, semiotic and cultural analysis of the Belorussian icon of the period of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (second half of the XVI till the XVIII century). Belorussian icon is a synthetic way of presenting the subject, including into its semantic sphere ideas and values of various Christian confessions and social spheres. Sign, symbol and picture are structural components of the icon, creating an integral text, filled with diverse meanings.
Źródło:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2014, Synody Cerkwi Prawosławnej w I Rzeczypospolitej, 5; 209-219
2082-9299
Pojawia się w:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diecezja poznańska u schyłku Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
The Poznań Diocese at the Decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Neumann, Piotr Franciszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/607122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Poznań diocese
Poznań bishop
Andrew Stanislaus Kostka Młodziejowski
Anthony Onuphrius Okęcki
Poznań catedral
Poznań chapter
collegiate churches
archdeaconships
deaconships
parishes
religious orders
diecezja poznańska
biskup poznański
Andrzej Stanisław Kostka Młodziejowski
Antoni Onufry Okęcki
katedra w Poznaniu
kapituła poznańska
kolegiaty
archidiakonaty
dekanaty
parafie
zakony
Opis:
In the investigated period of the years 1768–1793, the Poznań diocese belonged to the Gniezno metropolitan area and comprised the territory of more than 28 000 square kilometers, divided into two parts - Great Poland and Masovia. Poznań bishops resided mainly in Warsaw, in the Masovian part. The diocesan office in the years 1768–1780 was held by Andrew Stanislaus Młodziejowski and in the years 1780–1793 by Anthony Onuphrius Okęcki, both involved in state issues, includ- ing the post of crown chancellors. Pontifical duties were performer mainly by bishops suffragan, while the diocese was managed by general curates. The cathedral chapter in Poznań, constituted by 10 prelates and 23 canons, was the elite of the clergy. In addition to that, there were other bodies of clergy like curates, penitentiaries, two missionary colleges, rorantists and altarists. Collegiate chapters existed in three churches in Poznań, as well as in Warsaw, Środa Wielkopolska (Great Poland), Szamotuły and Czarnków. The area of the diocese was divided in to four archdeaconships - Poznań, Śrem, Pszczew and Warsaw - each divided into deaconships, amounting to the number of twenty nine. Within the territory of the diocese there were 466 parish churches and a significant number of churches and chapels of various character, with an abundance of priests. The clergymen derived mainly from the townspeople, and delegates of the bishop visiting the parishes positively assessed their moral conduct. In 1772 there were 78 male monasteries with 1549 monks and 17 female monasteries in the whole diocese.
In the investigated period of the years 1768–1793, the Poznań diocese belonged to the Gniezno metropolitan area and comprised the territory of more than 28 000 square kilometers, divided into two parts - Great Poland and Masovia. Poznań bishops resided mainly in Warsaw, in the Masovian part. The diocesan office in the years 1768–1780 was held by Andrew Stanislaus Młodziejowski and in the years 1780–1793 by Anthony Onuphrius Okęcki, both involved in state issues, includ- ing the post of crown chancellors. Pontifical duties were performer mainly by bishops suffragan, while the diocese was managed by general curates. The cathedral chapter in Poznań, constituted by 10 prelates and 23 canons, was the elite of the clergy. In addition to that, there were other bodies of clergy like curates, penitentiaries, two missionary colleges, rorantists and altarists. Collegiate chapters existed in three churches in Poznań, as well as in Warsaw, Środa Wielkopolska (Great Po- land), Szamotuły and Czarnków. The area of the diocese was divided in to four archdeaconships - Poznań, Śrem, Pszczew and Warsaw - each divided into deaconships, amounting to the number of twenty nine. Within the territory of the diocese there were 466 parish churches and a significant number of churches and chapels of various character, with an abundance of priests. The clergymen derived mainly from the townspeople, and delegates of the bishop visiting the parishes positively assessed their moral conduct. In 1772 there were 78 male monasteries with 1549 monks and 17 female monasteries in the whole diocese.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne; 2018, 33; 163-175
0209-3472
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hieroglifik w teorii Rzeczpospolitej (XVII-XVIII w.). Zarys problematyki
The hieroglyphic in the theory of the Polish Republic (17th-18th century): an overview
Autorzy:
Górska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
hieroglyphic
Polish Republic
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
heraldry
Opis:
The article is concerned with the definition of the “hieroglyphic” which was used in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 17th to the 18th century. It takes into consideration the definition found in linguistic dictionaries and studies the area of rhetoric and poetics (printed and handwritten texts, mainly Jesuitical and Piarist ones). Apart from terminological allusions in literary texts they constitute the basic sources of information for understanding emblems and symbols (Polish writing lacks a separate treatise on issues related to symbolical genres). Polish definitions were far from egyptological issues or the hermetic tradition. During the review of material, attention has been afforded to the blurring of the differences between symbolical genres (for example considering the hieroglyphic as equivalent to an emblem or symbol due to their “symbolic” character, and using hieroglyphics as an emblematic pictorial element) was to a great extent caused by the rhetorical character of their reception. The use of scripts and dictionaries of symbols lead to the loosening of the definition of the hieroglyphic after the first half of the 17th century, and to the use of the hieroglyphic to name motifs or comparisons regarded as abstract, mysterious and allegorical. The key issues related to the definition of the hieroglyphic in Poland invovlved defining the relationship between the genre and image or writing. Among other things, the relationship between hieroglyphics and Egyptian letters was emphasized, the lack of the lemma, the use of sign images or sentences. Due to the influence of studies on the art of memory, hieroglyphics were perceived as compositions consisting of letters of rebus-like character and pictorial alphabet. In the last years of the 17th century the genre has gained interest due to cryptography and universal language. In Poland hieroglyphics were mainly understood as animal and object symbols of simplified, abstract and established, traditional meaning. They were also seen in the context of Egyptian keepsakes from the past and the mysterious sacrum. Attention was also given to this genre in the context of heraldry (coats of arms were perceived as hieroglyphics of representatives of noble families). It was believed that hieroglyphics stemmed from the principle of similarity (similitudo, sometimes identified with allegory), as well as metonymy and synecdoche. In the rhetoric of the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, hieroglyphics were combined with the moral doctrine which is typical of emblematics. In the first half of the 18th century it was common to simplify information about hieroglyphics and to reduce the historical content and sacral aspect of the genre in favor of symbolism and iconology. The enigmatic nature of meaning has gained a pejorative sense. The material which has been subject to analysis (a list of handwritten rhetoric and poetics has been included in the annex) has proved that the reception of hieroglyphics has exerted a decisive influence on the distinctness of Polish emblematics. What may be clearly seen in the context of the definition of the hierogliphicum is the specificity of symbolical writing on the territory of the Polish Republic – the borderline between the emblem and stemma
Źródło:
Terminus; 2012, 14, 25; 15-46
2084-3844
Pojawia się w:
Terminus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oswajanie przestrzeni. Wojna inflancka 1600-1602 w grze komputerowej Kozacy 3
Autorzy:
Szymala, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2095896.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk
Tematy:
Livonia
visual history
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Cossacks
Opis:
Poland (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) maintained close relations with Sweden between the end of the 16th century and the mid-17th century. Attempts at cooperation (possible union, the Vasa dynasty) intertwined with wars including the war of Livonia in the early 17th century. In the article I take a closer look at three places related to this war: Valmiera, Viljandi and Paide. I used guidebooks to the region, traditional written historiography and a computer game from 2016. The goal is to familiarize the visual history of these places, draw attention to new methods in the humanities (visual history, visual anthropology) and to modernize history itself, also in the context of memorial sites.
Źródło:
Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture; 2020, 9; 87-94
2299-4645
Pojawia się w:
Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Cold Water Ordeal (Swimming) in Witchcraft Accusations and Trials in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Sixteenth-Eighteenth Century
Autorzy:
Wijaczka, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
witchcraft trials
cold water ordeal
Polska
Lithuania
Early Modern Period
Opis:
One of the medieval trials by ordeal, the cold water ordeal, regained popularity in the Early Modern Period and served as an important element in witchcraft trials. Floating on water was seen as a decisive proof of guilt and resulted in the accused being handed over to the torturer. This paper discusses the use of the water ordeal in Poland in the sixteenth–eighteenth century, primarily by municipal courts. Among the issues mentioned in the paper there is also the question of the stage of the trial in which the water ordeal was used and whether the accused were undressed before being subjected to the ordeal.
Źródło:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2016, 60
0029-8514
Pojawia się w:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Księstwa i książęta w systemie ustrojowym Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów
DUCHIES AND DUKES IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kujawsko-Pomorska Szkoła Wyższa w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
Rzeczpospolita
arystokracja
decentralizacja władzy
księstwa
Commonwealth
aristocracy
decentralization of power
duchies
Opis:
Złożoność struktury polityczno-ustrojowej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów podkreślały, mocą swego szczególnego statusu, funkcjonujące w jej ramach księstwa. Większość z nich weszła w skład Rzeczpospolitej na skutek postanowień Unii Lubelskiej (1569 r.). Wraz z innymi podmiotami (posiadłości szlacheckie, terytoria dużych miastach królewskich, posiadłości kościelne, etc.), wzmacniały terytorialno-administracyjną decentralizację wspólnoty. Dla porządku politycznego nowożytnej Europy, takie skomplikowane struktury polityczno-terytorialny był częstym zjawiskiem, charakterystyczne w szczególności dla ówczesnych Niemiec. Księstwa magnatów Rzeczypospolitej miał więc status podobny funkcjonujących w tym samym czasie księstw niemieckich. W przeciwieństwie jednak do tych ostatnich, z chwila upadku dawnego porządku politycznego, nawet najbardziej potężne i wyróżniające się swym statusem (księstwa, ordynacje) państwa magnackie, nie zostały nigdy na forum międzynarodowym uznane za odrębne państwa. Okoliczności te nie negują jednak polityczno-prawnego statusu księstw Rzeczpospolitej jako terytoriów o charakterze państwowym (publiczno-prawnym) w ramach przednowoczesnego porządku politycznego. Stan ten potwierdzały związki rodzinne polsko-litewskich książąt z rodami zagranicznych książąt panujących, utrzymywane do końca istnienia Rzeczypospolitej.
The complexity of the political structure of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was amplified by the territories of the duchies. Along with the other subjects (smaller magnates’ lordships, territories of the large royal cities, church possessions, etc.), they strengthened the administrative-territorial decentralisation of the Commonwealth. In the political order for early modern Europe such a complex political-territorial structure was a frequent phenomenon, characteristic, in particular, for the early modern Germany. The duchies of the magnates of the Commonwealth had, therefore, the political and legal status similar to that of the German duchies, existing at the same time. Contrary, though, to the German duchies, the magnate states in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, even the most powerful ones and the most pronounced as to their rank (like duchies and entails) did never acquire the formalisation (recognition) of their separate status on the modern international forum. With this respect, similarly as the entire territory of the Commonwealth, they belonged to the pre-modern order. This, however, does not negate the political and legal status of the magnate duchies in the framework of the pre-modern political system. This status was confirmed by the family ties of the Polish-Lithuanian dukes with the foreign ducal ruling families, maintained until the collapse of Commonwealth (1795).
Źródło:
Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy; 2014, 7; 293-318
1899-9573
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drogi kształtowania pamięci historycznej Cerkwi unickiej w Rzeczypospolitej
Paths of forming historical memory of Uniate Church in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Wereda, Dorota
Wojciechowski, Leszek
Ryba, Mieczysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/23352279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-10-31
Wydawca:
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Tematy:
pamięć historyczna
Cerkiew unicka
Rzeczpospolita
Żyrowice
Jozafat Kuncewicz
bazylianie
Opis:
Istotnym elementem budowy tożsamości wspólnoty religijnej powstałej w konsekwencji unii brzeskiej było tworzenie pamięci historycznej. Kreatorami polityki pamięci Cerkwi unickiej były środowiska elit tworzonych przez zakon bazylianów i wywodzących się z niego hierarchów. W Cerkwi unickiej w Rzeczypospolitej nie wykształcił się wiodący ośrodek konsolidujący społeczność wiernych. W XVII wieku wobec istniejących sporów o cerkwie katedralne, ważnym miejscem pełniącym rolę integrującą stały się Żyrowice - popularne miejsce kultu wizerunku maryjnego i grobu arcybiskupa Jozafata Kuncewicza, zamordowanego w 1623 r. przez prawosławnych mieszkańców Witebska. Miejsca te nie utrzymały swojego statusu przez XVIII stulecie, co było efektem podjęcia przez biskupów w miastach będący stolicami ich diecezji inwestycji budowy nowych cerkwi katedralnych. Biskupi organizowali przestrzeń estetyczną na poziomie gustów artystycznych przeciętnego szlachcica i realizowali potrzebę zdefiniowania swojego miejsca w strukturze przestrzennej i w kontekście historycznym. Wybór barokowych gmachów był komunikatem wizualnym odczytywanym zarówno przez współczesnych, jak i potomnych, oznajmiającym włączenie do kultury sarmatyzmu o zachodnioeuropejskim i łacińskim kodzie kulturowym. Pamięć historyczna była wzmacniana przez pamięć liturgiczną. Ugruntowaniu pamięci i wiedzy historycznej oraz wzmocnieniu poczucia ciągłości tradycji metropolii kijowskiej służyły modlitwy za zmarłych hierarchów, członków rodzin książęcych i szlacheckich. Tworzeniu społeczności, której podstawą poczucia wspólnoty jest wspólna przeżywanie wydarzeń i tworzących wspólną historię Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, służyła praktyka mszy za Ojczyznę oraz liturgia w intencji monarchów, obchody lat jubileuszowych. Do pamięci historycznej Cerkwi unickiej hierarchowie wpisywali pamięć rodową eksponującą zasługi militarne w obronie Rzeczypospolitej.
An important element of building the identity of religious community created as a result of Union of Brest was building a historical memory. Creators of such memory for the Uniate Church were the elite circles, formed by Basilian monks and Church officials originating from the Order. Uniate Church in the Commonwealth did not develop a leading centre that would consolidate the followers community. In 17th century, in light of disputes about cathedral churches, an important place serving the purpose of integration has emerged in Żyrowice – a popular place of the cult of visage of Virgin Mary, and location of the grave of Archbishop Josaphat Kuntsevych, murdered in 1623 by Orthodox inhabitants of Vitebsk. Those places did not maintain their respective positions throughout the 18th century, as bishops decided to invest in new cathedral churches in their diocese towns. The bishops have organized the aesthetic space along the lines of artistic tastes of an average nobleman, and realized the need to define their place in a spatial structure and historic context. Choice of baroque buildings was a visual message, announcing inclusion of Sarmatism, with its West European and Latin culture code, in the culture. Historical memory was reinforced by liturgical memory. Purpose of consolidating the historical memory and knowledge, as well as reinforcing the sense of continuity of Kiev Metropolis tradition, was serviced by prayers offered for deceased officials of the Church, members of ducal and nobility families. Community, for which the basis of communal identity was joint experience of events and building common history of the Commonwealth of Two Nations, was formed by practicing Holy Mass for the Motherland, liturgy devoted to monarchs and celebration of anniversary years. Historical memory of the Uniate Church was also expanded by Church officials to include family memories, emphasizing military efforts in defence of the Commonwealth.
Źródło:
Rola Kościoła w dziejach Polski. Kościoły w Rzeczypospolitej; 600-621
9788394837433
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jan Jakub Rousseau konstytucjonalistą. Projekty dla Korsyki i Rzeczypospolitej Szlacheckiej (część II)
Jean Jacques Rousseau as a constitutionalist. His projects for Corsica and the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth (part II)
Autorzy:
Filipiak, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
Rousseau
Constitution
Corsica
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Enlightenment
democracy
Opis:
The article is a continuation of the dissertation on constitutional projects of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The first part concerned his reform work for Corsica, while the second part presents concepts prepared for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Both projects were written for a specific orders – from a Corsican conservative nobleman Mathieu Buttafoco and the Bar Confederates. The comparison of these works, as well as their reference to earlier works by Rousseau, gives the opportunity to look at the evolution of the philosopher’s views, his attempt to adapt them to specific social, political and historical conditions. The less radical tone of the proposals for Poland is noteworthy. It is also necessary to answer the question of what made him want to deal with the affairs of both lands.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2019, 17, 3; 19-35
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jan Jakub Rousseau konstytucjonalistą. Projekty dla Korsyki i Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej (część I)
Jean Jacques Rousseau as a constitutionalist. His projects for Corsica and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (part I)
Autorzy:
Filipiak, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
Rousseau
constitution
Corsica
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Enlightenment
democracy
Opis:
In the Age of Enlightenment, the concepts of legal reforms were often proposed by literary men, publicists and philosophers. The vision of a breakthrough was exciting – they believed in the benevolent power of new, just regulations that would heal humanity, eradicate exploitation and social inequalities. Jean Jacques Rousseau, one of the most famous but controversial thinkers of the era, thought in a similar way. The dissertation concerns his two constitutional projects - written for Corsica (Part I) and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Part II). The first part presents events that decided that the philosopher from Geneva dealt with the issue of a small island in the Mediterranean, trying to consolidate its barely won independence. However, the focus is on the very concepts of the political and social system planned for Corsica by Rousseau, referring them to the previous works of the thinker. His radical solutions expressed his broader views on civilization, the state, law and people. In part II of the article, they will be confronted with the project prepared for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2018, 16, 4 (1); 107-121
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Lubiły szczególniej muzykę, która część ich wychowania stanowiła”. Domowa edukacja muzyczna polskich szlachcianek epoki oświecenia
“[They] Liked Music in Particular, Which Was A Part of Their Manners.” Home Music Education of Polish Aristocrat Women During the Enlightenment
Autorzy:
Janicka, Jowita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15824936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Enlightenment
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
education of girls
music
Opis:
The education and upbringing of youth was one of the main issues considered by the aristocracy of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the age of the Enlightenment. A significant part of this current was music education (learning to play the instruments, singing and dancing) acknowledged as compulsory for women with reading, writing, learning foreign languages and history altogether. Every well-educated woman aristocrat could elegantly play the instrument and sing. They were gaining that knowledge primarily at home from foreign and domestic teachers. Despite the popularity of such education and constant presence of music during many noble balls, ceremonies and social arrangements, it was unfavorable in the eyes of current educational theoreticians and according to them useless. Yet memoirs offer multiple examples of delight about female musical abilities. Furthermore, music as a fundamental part of education was mentioned by women themselves; the shortcomings were punished. It seems that despite educationalists’ complaints music education of women helped thementertain noble guests with their musical talents. Woman with such skills, seeking good and affluent husbands, could successfully conquer male hearts.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2021, 60; 263-278
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wspólnota jezuitów w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Między tradycją a zmianą
Jesuit Community in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Between Tradition and Change
Autorzy:
Mariani, Andrea
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Roman Catholic Church
Society of Jesus
Jesuits
religious province
prosopography
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Opis:
When discussing the composition of the Polish and Lithuanian provinces of the Society of Jesus, this article is part of the trend of prosopographic and socio-historical research devoted to the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. The aim of the research is to grasp both permanent elements and changes that took place in the structure of the Jesuit community in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The author not only presents similarities and differences in the development of the Polish and Lithuanian provinces, but also discusses the trends occurring in their area in a wide pan-European context, comparing the situation of Polish and Lithuanian Jesuits with other administrative units of the order. The chronological scope of the work covers the years 1608–1773, i.e. from the creation of the Lithuanian province as a result of the division of the Polish administrative unit of the order to the dissolution of the Society. The base of primary sources consists of annual and three-year catalogues kept in the Roman Archives of the Society of Jesus, which were analyzed in the form of survey using statistical methods. Against the background of the development of the institution’s network and its financial situation, the author focuses on four issues: the number of Jesuits, their religious vows, their geographical distribution and regions of origin. The conducted research above all shows the influence of the political and military situation of the state on the size of the Jesuit community: the wars of the mid-17th century and, albeit to a lesser extent, the first decade of the 18th century brought serious consequences. The structure of the community in terms of religious vows evolved in a similar way to other European provinces of the Society, as indicated by the increase in the number of professes of four religious vows, who constituted the elite of the order. This phenomenon testifies to the fact that, despite the crises that affected the Commonwealth, the order provided its members with better and better education. The geographical distribution and regions of origin of the Jesuits are closely related, since the recruitment of candidates for the order took place mostly among graduates of Jesuit schools. The most important change in this respect was the increase in the significance of the eastern territories of the Commonwealth both in terms of the number of friars residing there and the participation of representatives of local society in the Jesuit community. As a result of this tendency, in the 18th century the role of the inhabitants of the ethnically Polish territories of the Commonwealth weakened; in the previous century they had constituted, due to their geographical mobility, a substantial part of the Jesuit community in the eastern regions of the Polish-Lithuanian state. This phenomenon clearly indicates the process of cultural integration that took place in the eastern lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and changes in the social mechanism of recruiting friars, manifested in the increase in the number of Jesuits of noble origin.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 123-178
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Concept of Citizenship in the Political Discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century
Autorzy:
Kuc-Czerep, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-19
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
the concept of citizenship
political discourse
eighteenth century
burghers
Warsaw
Opis:
This article addresses some aspects of the functioning of the concept of ‘citizen’ in the political discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the latter half of the eighteenth century. In the dominant nobility’s discourse, the concept gained a strictly defined meaning: a citizen was, namely, a person entitled to wield or exercise political power in the state. In the estate society realities, it actually boiled down to mutual identification of two concepts: ‘citizen’ and ‘nobleman’. The bourgeois conception of citizenship took shape in confrontation with such understanding of the idea, formulated and propagated by Protestant townsmen – mainly by Wawrzyniec Mitzler de Kolof and Michał Gröll, book traders, printers and publishers from Saxony. They derived the meaning of ‘citizen’ from ‘resident’. In such a concept, the term extended to all the inhabitants of Poland-Lithuania – apart from the nobility, it included, also the townspeople and the peasantry. In this context, of relevance are the changes in the meaning of the German term Bürger (burgher, citizen of the state), which influenced Polish political discourse. This leads to the conclusion that the latter half of the eighteenth century saw the idea of citizenship in its modern meaning.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2021, 122; 51-78
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz islamu w Rzeczpospolitej w XVIII w.
The Image of Islam in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th Century
Autorzy:
Maśko, Adrianna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/578044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne
Tematy:
Polska
18th century
image of Islam
the Prophet Muhammad
Al-Qur’an
Opis:
The end of successive wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire (the treaty of Karlowitz, 1699) and a new peaceful coexistence brought gradually changes in Poland in the 18th century as far as the perception of the Muslim state is concerned. This was also due to cultural transformations – the adoption of the ideas of the Enlightenment and orientalism which came into fashion in Western Europe. At that time, the so-called ‘sarmatian’ ideology and mentality, dominant in Poland in the previous century, were still common. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the influence of these foreign novelties on the Polish image of Islam was significant. The main sources of knowledge about Islam in Poland in the 18th century are considered to be the published works of prominent Polish authors such as Józef Mikosza, Kajetan Chrzanowski, Franciszek Bohomolec and Ignacy Krasicki. Their descriptions of Muslim beliefs are compared with information from Polish magazines, encyclopaedias, geography textbooks, travel descriptions and diaries from the same century as well as with Polish works dealing with this topic which were written in the previous two centuries, and finally with foreign works about Islam which had won some popularity among Polish readers. Two examples are discussed – opinions about the Prophet Muhammad and the Qur’an. The main part of the article is preceded by a short presentation of the aforementioned cultural changes and followed by a conclusion.
Źródło:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny; 2015, 3-4; 191-206
0033-2283
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Swoi czy obcy. Prawosławni w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej
Ours or Others. Orthodox Population in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the XVI–XVIII Century
Autorzy:
Mironowicz, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171288.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Supraska
Tematy:
Cerkiew
prawosławie
Rzeczpospolita
Ruś
religia
tolerancja
Opis:
The society of the Commonwealth was always characterized – to a greater or lesser degree – by a diversified religious and national structure. The problem with a society with different religious characteristics had appeared on a large scale already in the 14th century, when ethnically non-Polish people could be found within the borders of the Commonwealth. In the 14th century the Kingdom of Poland lost extensive ethnically Polish areas in the West. The religious and ethnic structure of the state changed due to the incorporation of Red Ruthenia by Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki). Casimir III the Great – the last representative of the Piast dynasty – understood the importance of the problem connected with the presence of Orthodox Church members within state borders. The king preserved the rights and rites of the Orthodox Church. Political relations between the grand Duchy of Lithuania and Catholic Poland had religious repercussions. It curbed the development of the Orthodox religion and paved the way for the Latin Church – with all the political and cultural consequences. The Orthodox religion changed from the dominating position to a tolerated one. Yet the Jagiellonians understood that Orthodox people inhabited their own – in an ethnic sense – territories. The Jagiellonians, as opposed to the Angevin (Andegawenowie) or the House of Valois (Walezjusze), built their power on the multireligious structure of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They did not intend to follow the western model of a single religion Roman Catholic state, with one dominating Latin culture. Their stand resulted from the ethnic structure of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. During the Jagiellonian dynasty, the Orthodox religion became a national and folk denomination, through the omnipresence of various forms of cult and rites. The power of the Commonwealth was based on its recognition by the Orthodox Ruthenian population of the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their own state. Good multireligious and multicultural cohabitation was shaken by the 1596 Union of Brest (Unia Brzeska). The Union of Brest undermined the main element of Ruthenian culture, based on its spiritual unity with Byzantium. A medial element, situated between the two traditions, was added to the existing Catholic-Orthodox model. The Union’s initiators were mistaken in their beliefs that its attractiveness would move Ruthenians from the Orthodox Church. Despite this tendency, the fall of Orthodox culture did not take place; on the contrary, it developed in new forms, which were more adequate to 17th century’s reality. Consequently, the Union of Brest did not turn against the Orthodox Church as such, but the Orthodox Church in the Commonwealth. The Union of Brest was in some aspects beneficial for the Roman Catholic Church, yet it did not solve any of the internal problems of the state. In Poland the distance between Polish elites and Ruthenian culture increased. A Protestant, brought up in western culture, was closer to a Catholic than a Ruthenian following Byzantine traditions, though increasingly more and more immersed in Polish culture.
Źródło:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2017, Cerkiew a asymilacja- swój i obcy, 8; 207-224
2082-9299
Pojawia się w:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tobacco Taxation in Old-Time Poland
Autorzy:
Naworski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803116.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-25
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
snuff
tobacco monopoly
duty
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Lithuania
Crown
Opis:
The article deals with taxation of tobacco and tobacco products in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After tobacco was imported into Poland, its use spread extremely quickly; initially it was used as snuff, and from the 18th century onwards, smoking in pipes became prevalent. Importantly, tobacco and tobacco products were then regarded as a medicine to prevent and cure almost all diseases. Duties on tobacco/snuff were first imposed in 1643 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in the Crown tobacco monopoly was introduced in 1659. From that time, tobacco/snuff duties were imposed regularly in Lithuania; in the Crown duty on these products was imposed once again in 1677, and then in the 1690s tobacco monopoly ended throughout the Polish Republic. The issue was revived only in the times of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, when tobacco monopoly was introduced, initially managed by a private company called Kompania Tabaczna, and then, in the 1690s, by the state-owned Manipulacja Tabaczna. However, over the whole period under consideration, revenues from tobacco/snuff taxation were relatively small.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2019, 28, 1; 57-77
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ethnic and Religious Diversity in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: A Comparative Perspective. A Report on the Conference Held 19–21 June 2017
Autorzy:
Kuc-Czerep, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 116
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idea bankowości centralnej w ostatnich latach I Rzeczypospolitej
The Idea of Central Banking in Recent Years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Łopuszyński, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29551719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-28
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
historia bankowości
bank centralny
Sejm Czteroletni
pieniądz papierowy
bankierzy
Opis:
O potrzebie powołania w Rzeczypospolitej banku narodowego pisał w 1763 r. ks. Stanisław Konarski w dziele O skutecznym rad sposobie. Konieczność zabezpieczenia emisji polskiego pieniądza przybrała na sile w wyniku kryzysu spowodowanego zalaniem krajowego rynku przez polskie monety fałszowane masowo w Prusach. Do dyskusji włączyli się merkantyliści, którzy dostrzegali możliwość utrzymania dobrego polskiego pieniądza w obiegu poprzez wykorzystanie martwych kapitałów w „leżących w skrzyniach depozytów”. Jednak tylko Sejm mógł powołać bank centralny. Pierwsze projekty ujrzały światło dzienne podczas obrad Sejmu Czteroletniego (1788-1792). Spośród nich na szczególną uwagę zwraca projekt znanego warszawskiego bankiera Jędrzeja Kapostasa, który w 1789 r. wydał dzieło O banku narodowym w Polszcze ustanowić się mającym, w roku zaś następnym Planta ułożenia projektu Banku Narodowego. Pieniądze papierowe w Polsce pojawiły się w obiegu w czasie insurekcji kościuszkowskiej. W tym celu utworzono Dyrekcję Biletów Skarbowych, która emitowała tzw. asygnaty. Przetrwały one do upadku powstania. Wraz z III rozbiorem Polski zanikła również dyskusja na temat utworzenia banku centralnego.
On the need to establish a national bank in the Republic, in 1763, Fr. Stanislaw Konarski in his work On Effective Radical Method. The necessity of hedging the issue of Polish money has grown in strength as a result of the crisis caused by the flooding of the domestic market by Polish coins counterfeited in Prussia. The mercantilists joined the discussion, who saw the possibility of maintaining good Polish currency in circulation by using dead capital in “deposit boxes”. However, only the Sejm could appoint a central bank. The first projects saw daylight during the Four Year Sejm (1788-1792). Of particular note is the project of the well-known Warsaw banker Jędrzej Kapostas, who in 1789 published a work entitled About the National Bank in Poland to establish itself, in the following year Planta’s National Bank project. Paper money in Poland appeared in circulation during the Kościuszko insurrection. For this purpose, the Taxi Ticketing Directorate was established. vouchers. They survived until the uprising collapsed. With the third partition of Poland, the discussion on the establishment of the central bank also disappeared.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 3; 101-112
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szkoły bernardyńskie na terenie Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w latach 1772–1864
Bernardine schools in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1772 and 1864
Autorzy:
Sitnik, Aleksander Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Bernardines
secularisation
monastery
school
Opis:
Between 1772 and 1864, the Bernardines ran in total 46 schools in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Ten of them, at least in certain periods, were high schools (sub-departmental, district, secondary schools). A majority of the schools (24) were managed by monasteries in the Lithuanian Province. The successful development of Bernardine education in this territory should be attributed to the monks’ understanding of the need of spreading educationas well as to the relative political freedom in post-partition Lithuania. For that reason, educational activities could freely develop under the supervision of Adam Czartoryski, the Vilnius district superintendent and in the care of the Vilnius University. The well-developing education system of the Bernardines was destroyed by repressive measures applied by Nikolay Novosiltsev who replaced Czartoryski in 1823, and finally the tragic end of the November Uprising. Education in Podolia and Volhynia could be successfully developed owing to Tadeusz Czacki. The situation was different in the Kingdom of Poland where schooling was subjected to the Commission of National Education and the subsequent education authorities. Despite the hostile attitude towards monasteries, the Bernardines managed to run several schools. The most difficult situation was in Galicia which was incorporated by Austria after the Partitions of Poland and not under the beneficial influence of the Commission of National Education. A majority of Bernardine schools in Lithuania, just like in the Russian Province, survived the November Uprising. However, the subsequent restrictions imposed on political freedom had negative consequences for the standard of teaching. The dissolution of the monasteries put an end to the educational activity of the Bernardines in the five provinces in question. Most of the schools closed down as the monasteries were dissolved.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2019, 41; 7-34
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kościół katolicki wobec reform szpitalnictwa u schyłku I. Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Srogosz, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Catholic Church
reforms
hospitals
end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
In individual cases of hospitals, we can see a far-reaching convergence of views, especially when this did not significantly affect the interests of groups or institutions. However, there were extremely fierce disputes over the proposals that undermined the monopolistic position of the Church and its income. During the Four-Year Sejm, anticlerical tendencies intensified. The Authorities of the Four-Year Sejm tried to solve the problem of hospital funds, repeatedly raised in the 18th century (and earlier), but – a.o., due to the resistance of some clergymen - they managed to gather only some information from hospital managers. The activities of the authorities with regard to the hospitals tentatively aimed at their medicalisation, whereas the Church, in its mainstream, adhered to inalterability of social care and opposed any interference or change.
Źródło:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2020, 27, 1; 190-204
1232-1575
Pojawia się w:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gminy karaimskie XIX wieku jako dziedzictwo Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów
Karaim Communities in the 19th Century: Heritage of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Kaleta, Petr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440282.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Związek Karaimów Polskich. Karaimska Oficyna Wydawnicza Bitik
Tematy:
Gminy karaimskie XIX wieku
Gminy karaimskie XIX w Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów
Liderzy karaimscy
Karaim Communities in the 19th Century
Karaim Communities of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Karaim leaders
Opis:
Karaim studies have developed quite significantly as a field of research in the past two decades. New specialized scholarly journals such as Karaite Archives and Almanach Karaimski have emerged. Other publishing efforts include editions of Karaim documents and important monographs, for instance, Stefan Gąsiorowski’s Karaimi w Koronie i na Litwie w XV−XVIII wieku (Kraków – Budapest 2008). The Karaim quarterly Awazymyz contains articles on the history of the Karaim communities. However, most of the contributions do not cover the 19th century when Karaim society underwent major changes. It is important to note that the Karaim communities in Lithuania (the main one being in Troki) and in Volhynia (the most prominent of which was based in Lutsk), were able to establish stronger ties with traditional Karaim communities in the Crimea after they were incorporated into the Russian  Empire following the Partitions of Poland. In the meantime, the Karaim community in Halych became isolated from the rest of the Karaim population after it became part of the Austrian Partition. Karaims living in the Russian Partition quickly transformed from Karaim religious communities into the ethnic group we know as the Karaims of today. In the Karaim community in Halych, traditional religious identity was preserved thanks to the aforementioned isolation of this particular community. Recollections of the past liberties of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth lingered as a sentiment in the Karaim’s collective memory. In the Russian Partition many Karaims continued for a long time to use the Polish language, and only in the mid-19th century did Russian became more commonplace. Another important change in  Karaim identity that took place in the 19th century was the shift from Judaism to a Turkic identity. Several leading Karaims, Abraham Firkowich being one of the most influential, inspired these changes.
W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad badania karaimoznawcze nabrały wyraźnego rozmachu. Zaczęły ukazywać się wyspecjalizowane czasopisma naukowe pt. Karaite Archives oraz Almanach Karaimski, zostały wydane niektóre dokumenty karaimskie, ukazały się również ważne monografie, jak np. publikacja Stefana Gąsiorowskiego pt. Karaimi w Koronie i na Litwie w XV−XVIII wieku (Kraków - Budapeszt 2008). Ponadto regularnie ukazuje się kwartalnik karaimski Awazymyz, na którego łamach zamieszczane są artykuły poświęcone historii. Znaczna część prac zajmuje się XIX wiekiem, kiedy to w społeczności karaimskiej doszło do istotnych zmian. Ważny był w owym okresie np. fakt, iż gminy karaimskie na Litwie (z których najliczniejsza znajdowała się Trokach) oraz na Wołyniu (główną była ta w Łucku), wraz z wejściem w skład zaboru rosyjskiego, mogły nawiązać intensywniejsze kontakty z tradycyjnymi gminami karaimskimi na Krymie i w innych częściach Rosji. Odwrotnie zaś karaimska społeczność w Haliczu), po przyłączeniu do Austrii, została odizolowana od swych współplemieńców. W karaimskich gminach w zaborze rosyjskim nastąpiło również stosunkowo szybkie połączenie tożsamości wspólnoty religijnej wyznającej karaimizm z identyfikacją grupy etnicznej, którą obecnie nazywamy Karaimami. W  gminie w Haliczu natomiast, dzięki wspomnianej izolacji, karaimska tożsamość religijna została na długo zachowana przy jednoczesnym przyjmowaniu polskiej tożsamości narodowej. Wspomnienia dawnych swobód Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów pozostały potem przez długi czas w pamięci ludności karaimskiej. W zaborze rosyjskim jeszcze długo wielu Karaimów używało także języka polskiego, dopiero w połowie XIX wieku częściej używano języka rosyjskiego. W Galicji przeciwnie, w drugiej połowie tego stulecia język polski się jeszcze upowszechnił. Kolejną istotną zmianą tożsamości karaimskiej w XIX wieku było jeszcze wyraźniejsze oddalanie od judaizmu, a zbliżenie do tożsamości tureckiej. Na zmiany te wpływ miała działalność kilku znanych postaci karaimskiego pochodzenia, z których jedną z najważniejszych był Abraham Firkowicz.
Źródło:
Almanach Karaimski; 2017, 6; 119-134
2300-8164
Pojawia się w:
Almanach Karaimski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Process of Demographic Transition in Lands of the Former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Other Areas with Polish-Speaking Populations, 1865–1912
Autorzy:
Pociecha, Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1367999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
historical demography
vital statistics
demographic transition theory
taxonomic methods
demografia historyczna
statystyka ruchu naturalnego
teoria przejścia demograficznego
metody taksonomiczne
Opis:
The aim of the research is to trace the process of demographic transition in the area of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, enlarged by areas with a predominantly Polish-speaking population, Upper Silesia and Cieszyn Silesia, as well as Southern Masuria. The time frame of the work covers the years 1865–1912. changes in the basic indicators of the vital statistics of the population were analyzed: the crude death rate (death rate per 1,000 population), the crude birth rate and the crude marriage rate. The source of the data is the work of Adam Krzyżanowski and Kazimierz Kumaniecki, Statystyka Polski [Statistics of Poland], which was in fact the first statistical yearbook of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and other predominantly Polish-speaking areas. The analysis was carried out strictly according to the requirements of the demographic transition theory. A comparative analysis of the demographic situation in these lands on the eve of the outbreak of World War I was carried out using Ward’s taxonomic method and the k-means method. The results of the analysis indicate that the process of demographic transition in these lands was varied and was conditioned by their economic development and geographical location.
Celem pracy jest prześledzenie procesu przejścia demograficznego na ziemiach byłego państwa polsko-litewskiego, poszerzonych o obszary zamieszkane głównie przez ludność polskojęzyczną, tj. Górny Śląsk i Śląsk Cieszyński oraz Mazury Południowe. Zakres czasowy pracy obejmuje lata 1865–1912. Przeanalizowano zmiany podstawowych wskaźników ruchu naturalnego ludności, czyli: surowego wskaźnika zgonów (natężenie zgonów na tys. ludności), surowego wskaźnika urodzeń oraz surowego wskaźnika zawierania małżeństw. Źródłem danych jest praca Adama Krzyżanowskiego i Kazimierza Kumanieckiego Statystyka Polski, będąca w istocie pierwszym rocznikiem statystycznym ziem polskich. Analizę przeprowadzono ściśle według wymogów teorii przejścia demograficznego. Analizę porównawczą sytuacji demograficznej na ziemiach polskich w przededniu wybuchu I wojny światowej przeprowadzono przy zastosowaniu taksonomicznej metody Warda oraz metody k-średnich. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy wskazują, że proces przejścia demograficznego na ziemiach polskich przebiegał w sposób zróżnicowany i był uwarunkowany rozwojem gospodarczym oraz położeniem geograficznym tych ziem.
Źródło:
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski; 2020, 42; 123-146
0079-7189
2719-4345
Pojawia się w:
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W służbie Sobieskiego. Działalność polityczna i wojskowa Jana Gorzeńskiego (około 1626–1694)
In the Service at Sobieski: the Political and Military Activity of Jan Gorzeński (ca. 1626–1694)
Autorzy:
Pietrzak, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
clientelism
protection
army
dietines
diplomacy
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
So far the figure of Jan Gorzeński was treated marginally by researchers dealing with the subject matter of the political and military clientele of Jan III Sobieski. The activity of Gorzeński in the institutions of political life in the province of Greater Poland became the starting point to his further activity in the Sejm. Obedience and loyalty which were evinced by Gorzeński first towards the castellan, next to the voivode of Poznań Krzysztof Grzymułtowski allowed him to get closer to the people associated with Sobieski. Upon his inspiration, Gorzeński recruited members of the Sejm and converted them into supporters of the marshal and grand crown hetman. In the 1670s the activity of Gorzeński was also discernible in the military field. His participation in war campaigns against the Tatars, Turks and Cossacks made him a recognizable and praiseworthy commander of the dragoon regiment. The coronation of Jan Sobieski constituted the turning point in Gorzeński’s career as he was promoted and entrusted with the starost estates. His marriage with Sobieski’s relative – Elżbieta – the widow after Władysław Denhoff (died 1671) also helped him to be one of the co-operators of the king. Thanks to this, Jan won respect and had the opportunity to rise above the level of middle-income noblemen. In the last years of his life Gorzeński focused on the struggle with the Sapiehas, who at the end of the reign of Jan III Sobieski set up a faction which was in opposition to the court.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 1; 69-110
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non de Fide, Sed de Securitate Pacis. Faith and Politics in the Views of Protestants in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1631-32
Autorzy:
Augustyniak, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/602803.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Źródło:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2013
0029-8514
Pojawia się w:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vejen over Lemberg: A Dane’s Impressions of Lemberg/Lviv in 1711: Just Juel and His Travels through the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Papa, Iryna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22592103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
Just Juel
travel diary
Danish diplomatic mission (1709–1711)
the Great Northern War
Lemberg/Lviv
Opis:
This article analyzes an excerpt from the travel diary of Just Juel, who was a Danish envoy to Peter the Great in 1709–1711. Particular attention is paid to Juel’s travel through the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and his visit to Lemberg/Lviv in 1711, its historical context, and possible interpretations based on approaches of cultural history.
Źródło:
Studia Scandinavica; 2021, 5, 25; 63-73
1230-6053
2657-6740
Pojawia się w:
Studia Scandinavica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th–18th Century
Prawosławni w wielowyznaniowej i wielokulturowej Rzeczypospolitej w XVI–XVIII wieku
Autorzy:
Mironowicz, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Orthodox Church
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
multicultural society
religion relations
tolerance
Opis:
The society of the Commonwealth was always characterized – to a greater or lesser degree – by a diversified religious and national structure. The problem with a society with different religious characteristics had appeared on a large scale already in the 14th century, when ethnically non-Polish people could be found within the borders of the Commonwealth. In the 14th century the Kingdom of Poland lost extensive ethnically Polish areas in the West. The religious and ethnic structure of the state changed due to the incorporation of Red Ruthenia by Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki). Casimir III the Great – the last representative of the Piast dynasty – understood the importance of the problem connected with the presence of Orthodox Church members within state borders. The king preserved the rights and rites of the Orthodox Church. Political relations between the grand Duchy of Lithuania and Catholic Poland had religious repercussions. It curbed the development of the Orthodox religion and paved the way for the Latin Church – with all the political and cultural consequences. The Orthodox religion changed from the dominating position to a tolerated one. Yet the Jagiellonians understood that Orthodox people inhabited their own – in an ethnic sense – territories. The Jagiellonians, as opposed to the Angevin (Andegawenowie) or the House of Valois (Walezjusze), built their power on the multireligious structure of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They did not intend to follow the western model of a single religion Roman Catholic state, with one dominating Latin culture. Their stand resulted from the ethnic structure of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. During the Jagiellonian dynasty, the Orthodox religion became a national and folk denomination, through the omnipresence of various forms of cult and rites. The power of the Commonwealth was based on its recognition by the Orthodox Ruthenian population of the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their own state. Good multireligious and multicultural cohabitation was shaken by the 1596 Union of Brest (Unia Brzeska). The Union of Brest undermined the main element of Ruthenian culture, based on its spiritual unity with Byzantium. A medial element, situated between the two traditions, was added to the existing Catholic-Orthodox model. The Union’s initiators were mistaken in their beliefs that its attractiveness would move Ruthenians from the Orthodox Church. Despite this tendency, the fall of Orthodox culture did not take place; on the contrary, it developed in new forms, which were more adequate to 17th century’s reality. Consequently, the Union of Brest did not turn against the Orthodox Church assuch, but the Orthodox Church in the Commonwealth. The Union of Brest was in some aspects beneficial for the Roman Catholic Church, yet it did not solve any of the internal problems of the state. In Poland the distance between Polish elites and Ruthenian culture increased. A Protestant, brought up in western culture, was closer to a Catholic than a Ruthenian following Byzantine traditions, though increasingly more and more immersed in Polish culture.
Społeczeństwo Rzeczypospolitej w mniejszym lub większym stopniu zawsze posiadało zróżnicowaną strukturę wyznaniową i narodową. Problem związany ze społecznością o odmiennej specyfice wyznaniowej pojawił się w Polsce na szeroką skalę już w XIV w., kiedy w jej granicach znalazły się obszary zamieszkane przez ludność etnicznie niepolską. W XIV w. Królestwo Polskie utraciło znaczne obszary etnicznych ziem polskich na zachodzie. W rezultacie włączenia przez Kazimierza Wielkiego Rusi Halickiej zmieniła się struktura wyznaniowa i etniczna kraju. Wagę problemu obecności w granicach państwa polskiego wyznawców Kościoła prawosławnego rozumiał ostatni przedstawiciel dynastii piastowskiej – Kazimierz Wielki. Kazimierz Wielki zachował prawa i obrządek Kościoła prawosławnego. Związek polityczny Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z katolicką Polską miał ważne konsekwencje w relacjach wyznaniowych. Zahamował rozwój prawosławia i utorował drogę Kościołowi łacińskiemu ze wszystkimi skutkami polityczno-kulturowymi. Prawosławie z wyznania dominującego stało się wyznaniem tolerowanym. Mimo to, Jagiellonowie rozumieli, że ludność prawosławna była na swym etnicznym terytorium. W odróżnieniu od Andegawenów czy Walezjuszy, swoją potęgę budowali na wielowyznaniowej strukturze Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Obcy był im model zachodni jednowyznaniowego katolickiego państwa, z jedną dominującą kulturą łacińską. Do takiej postawy zmuszała ich struktura etniczna Księstwa Litewskiego. W epoce jagiellońskiej prawosławie stało się wiarą narodową i ludową, poprzez wszechobecność różnorodnych form kultu i obrzędów. Potęga Rzeczypospolitej opierała się na uznaniu przez ludność ruską wyznania prawosławnego Korony i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego za własne państwo. Fenomen dobrego wielowyznaniowego i wielokulturowego współżycia został zachwiany zawarciem unii brzeskiej (1596). Unia brzeska podważyła główny element podstawy kultury ruskiej, opierający się na duchowej jedności z Bizancjum. Do istniejącego układu katolicko-prawosławnego doszedł jeszcze jeden element pośredni, zawieszony między dwoma tradycjami. Inicjatorzy unii błędnie liczyli, że jej atrakcyjność spowoduje odejście Rusinów od prawosławia. Pomimo tej tendencji nie nastąpił upadek kultury prawosławnej, a nawet jej rozwój w nowych formach, bardziej dostosowanych do XVII-wiecznej rzeczywistości. W rezultacie unia brzeska obróciła się nie przeciwko prawosławiu jako takiemu, ale przeciwko prawosławiu w Rzeczypospolitej. W efekcie przyniosła ona niewielkie korzyści Kościołowi rzymskokatolickiemu, ale nie rozwiązała żadnego problemu wewnętrznego kraju. W Polsce dystans elit katolickich wobec kultury ruskiej i prawosławia został pogłębiony. Katolikowi nadal bliższy był protestant, wychowany w kulturze zachodniej, aniżeli Rusin, hołdujący tradycjom bizantyjskim, ale coraz bardziej powiązany z kulturą polską.
Źródło:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne; 2016, 14
1425-1930
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum in wealthy noble families in the first half of the 18th century in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Penkała-Jastrzębska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11541822.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
motherhood
birth
postpartum period
childhood
18 th century
macierzyństwo
narodziny
okres poporodowy
dzieciństwo
XVIII w.
Opis:
The article deals with the experience of pregnancy and early motherhood in relation to the milieu of the magnates and nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the first half of the 18th century. The analysis covers extensive source material which includes the preserved collections of private correspondence of  representatives of wealthy nobility and magnates, with particular emphasis on the female half of this population. In turn, this material has been split by selected key issues, such as: trying to have children, pregnancy, birth, postpartum period, and early motherhood. Problems resulting from these stages of motherhood have been analysed in a broad context, considering both mental issues - fulfilling the socially expected role of wife and mother, dealing with new situations and diffi culties, building relationships with new-born children - and physical elements, such as health, sickness, dealing with weakness and new responsibilities.
Źródło:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2021, 13; 22-41
2450-4475
Pojawia się w:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The 400th anniversary of the death of Stanisław Żółkiewski, Hetman and Great Crown Chancellor, Senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
400. rocznica śmierci Stanisława Żółkiewskiego, hetmana i kanclerza wielkiego koronnego, senatora Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
Autorzy:
Kaczorowski, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
hetman
kanclerz
senator
sejm
Rzeczpospolita
chancellor
Seym
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
In the period of Nobles’ Democracy, the art of war of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth attained the highest level, making a real phenomenon in the then Europe. It owed its development, among others, to outstanding Hetmans of the Crown and Lithuania, victors in many battles, leaders surrounded by fame and admiration, genuine patriots. In the hall of fame of Grand Hetmans, Field Hetmans and Lithuanian Hetmans, a most prominent place is taken by Stanisław Żółkiewski (1747-1620).On 13 June 2019, Members of Parliament passed an occasional resolution dedicating the year 2020 to Stanisław Żółkiewski. The resolution reads, among others, “Stanisław Żółkiewski always put the good of Poland above his own benefits, stood faithfully on the side of successive kings, also in internal conflicts, despite the critical opinion of Sigismund III’s politics. He advocated religious tolerance and easing conflicts. […] The Seym of the Republic of Poland, upon acknowledging the great contributions of Stanisław Żółkiewski,creator of the victory of Klushino and a conqueror of Moscow, tenacious defender of the Mother Country for which he sacrificed his life, establishes the year 2020, which marks the occasion of the 400th anniversary of his death, the Year of Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski.”
W okresie demokracji szlacheckiej sztuka wojenna Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów osiągnęła najwyższy poziom, stanowiąc prawdziwy fenomen w ówczesnej Europie. Swój rozwój zawdzięczała między innymi wybitnym hetmanom koronnym i litewskim, zwycięzcom wielu bitew, wodzom otoczonym sławą i podziwem, autentycznym patriotom. W poczcie staropolskich hetmanów wielkich i polnych koronnych i litewskich poczesne miejsce zajmuje Stanisław Żółkiewski (1547–1620).Dnia 13 czerwca 2019 r. parlamentarzyści w drodze okolicznościowej uchwały ustanowili rok 2020 Rokiem Hetmana Stanisława Żółkiewskiego. W uchwale czytamy między innymi: „Stanisław Żółkiewski zawsze przedkładał dobro Polski ponad własne korzyści, stał wiernie po stronie kolejnych królów, także w wewnętrznych sporach, mimo krytycznego zdania o polityce Zygmunta III. Opowiadał się za tolerancją religijną i łagodzeniem konfliktów. […] Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, uznając wielkie zasługi Stanisława Żółkiewskiego, twórcy wiktorii kłuszyńskiej i zdobywcy Moskwy, wytrwałego obrońcy Ojczyzny, za którą oddał swoje życie, ustanawia rok 2020 w 400-lecie Jego śmierci Rokiem Hetmana Stanisława Żółkiewskiego”.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2020, 18, 4; 153-164
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Significance of Antitrinitarian Translations of the Bible into Polish in the Dialogue between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Eastern and Western Europe
Autorzy:
Pietkiewicz, Rajmund
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50107555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Antitrinitarians
Polish Brethren
Socinians
translations of the Bible into Polish (16th and 17th centuries)
biblical philology
Opis:
The author of this essay poses the question about the significance of antitrinitarian translations of the Bible into Polish for the exchange of ideas and achievements of science between Eastern and Western Europe in the second half of the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth centuries. In an attempt to systematize various facets of this significance, the author will deal with the bibliographical and bibliological aspects of the editions of the Bible in the Polish language, the dynamics of the development of Polish antitrinitarian biblical translations and biblical editing against the background of the history of the Polish Brethren in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the sources of the translations and the influence they exercised in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and abroad. The author’s research made it possible to identify two directions of the exchange of ideas. The first direction is the reception in Central and Eastern Europe of the achievements of Western biblical philology and exegesis. The second is related to the Polish Brethren’s contribution to Western Europe’s science and culture. Particularly noteworthy here is the voice of Polish Antitrinitarians in the field of research into the criticism of the biblical text, although this impact was limited due to the language barrier. Of much greater importance were the translations of the Polish Brethren in the East (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Muscovite lands), where the language barrier was less significant. They also popularized the philological and exegetical achievements of the West among the Karaites and Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Źródło:
Verbum Vitae; 2023, 41, 2; 373-393
1644-8561
2451-280X
Pojawia się w:
Verbum Vitae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cultural, Class, or Scientific Aspirations? Polish Jews at the University of Padua
Aspirazioni culturali, di classe o scientifiche? Ebrei polacchi all’Università di Padova
Autorzy:
Marchel, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37502293.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
Padua
university
students
Jews
Jewish medics
medicine
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
Among the students of medicine in Padua from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in XVII and XVIII centuries, we can note a certain number of Jews. This article contains a short analysis of so far findings in the area of research on this aspect of Jewish history in the First Republic of Poland. Referring to more and less known facts, the Author paid particular attention to the motivations and aspirations of Jewish scholars who had come to City of Antenor from Polish-Lithuanian land. Following the careers of Jewish medical graduates, we can see, that for most of them having a Padua diploma was not only the way to gain a better status in the Jewish community but also a gateway to overcoming cultural barriers. According to the Author, this was possible due to the fact, that many of the representatives of polish nobility, who were called “Paduans,” had similar experiences of contact with the university environment and the culture of the Venetian Republic.
Tra gli studenti di medicina a Padova provenienti dalla Confederazione Polacco-Lituana, nei secoli XVII e XVIII, possiamo notare un certo numero di Ebrei. L’articolo contiene una breve analisi dei risultati fino ad ora ottenuti nell’ambito della ricerca su questo aspetto della storia delgi Ebrei nella Prima Repubblica di Polonia. Riferendosi a fatti più o meno conosciuti, l’Autore presta particolare attenzione alle motivazioni e alle aspirazioni degli studenti ebrei che arrivavano alla città di Antenore dalle terre Polacco-Lituane. Seguendo la carriera degli Ebrei laureati in medicina, possiamo osservare che per molti di loro conseguire il diploma a Padova non non era solo un modo per ottenere uno status migliore nella comunità ebraica, ma anche una porta per superare le barriere culturali. Secondo l’Autore, ciò era possibile poiché molti dei rappresentanti della nobiltà polacca, detti “padovani”, avevano avuto analoghe esperienze di contatto con l’ambiente universitario e con la cultura della Repubblica di Venezia.
Źródło:
Perspektywy Kultury; 2023, 41, 2/1; 147-162
2081-1446
2719-8014
Pojawia się w:
Perspektywy Kultury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Piotr Mieszkowski o Senacie Rzeczpospolitej. Kilka uwag na temat XVII-wiecznego polskiego republikanizmu
Piotr Mieszkowski on the Senate of the Commonwealth. Some Remarks on the 17th Century Polish Republicanism
Autorzy:
Tulejski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129862.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Senate
Piotr Mieszkowski
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
senat
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Opis:
Piotr Mieszkowski is one of the forgotten republican writers of 17th century Poland. His reflections on the political system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are the culmination of the debates that took place in the 16th century. In his treatise Polonus Iure Politus, Mieszkowski presents a mature perspective on the proper system of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which merges the Roman republican tradition and the achievements of Polish political philosophy of the Renaissance, its golden age. According to Mieszkowski, the Senate of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is of particular importance. The author of the article proves that Mieszkowski is one of the representatives of a group of constitutionalists of 17th century Commonwealth who considered the senate the crucial element of the political system, ensuring its durability and stability. The necessary condition for fulfilling this role, however, is the cultivation of republican virtues.
Piotr Mieszkowski jest jednym z zapomnianych dzisiaj polskich pisarzy republikańskich XVII wieku. Jego rozważania nad ustrojem Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów są zwieńczeniem debat, które toczyły się w wieku XVI. W traktacie Polonus Iure Politus Mieszkowski przedstawia dojrzałe spojrzenie na zagadnienie właściwego ustroju państwa polsko-litewskiego. Zdaniem autora jego koncepcja ustrojowa jest połączeniem rzymskiej tradycji republikańskiej oraz dorobku polskiej renesansowej filozofii politycznej okresu złotego wieku. Szczególne znaczenie ma dla niego rola senatu Rzeczpospolitej. Autor artykułu dowodzi, że Mieszkowski jest jednym z przedstawicieli grupy konstytucjonalistów, którzy uważali senat, za newralgiczny element ustroju państwa zapewniający mu trwałość i stabilność. Warunkiem koniecznym realizacji tej roli jest jednak kultywowanie cnót republikańskich.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 5(69); 167-180
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Uniate Alteration of the Orthodox Treatise Zercalo bogoslovii
Unicka przeróbka prawosławnego traktatu Zwierciadło teologii
Autorzy:
Kuczyńska, Marzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Kirill Stavrovetsky
theology
Pochaiv
Orthodox Church
Uniates
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
The article deals with the modification introduced by the Uniates to the Orthodox treatise Zercalo bogoslovii (1618), published in Pochaiv in 1790. The Uniate publishers created the Uniate roots of treatise, changed the language – a simple speech was replaced by the Russian Church Slavonic. Initial pages with the old title and preface to the reader were removed from the book, the title was rewritten, a new preface was written. The editors extended and corrected the content of the treatise, but they did not change the entire dogmatics – they did not add a chapter about the primacy of the Pope, and the dogma about the origin of the Holy Spirit was only partially changed in the spirit of Catholic theology, which sheds new light on the religious and cultural contacts between the Orthodox and the Uniates in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2018, 14
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Post-Tridentine Catholic Piety and Forms of Devotional Practices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Katolicka pobożność i formy kultu w potrydenckiej Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Kaczor-Scheitler, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-04-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Post-Tridentine Catholic piety
the cult of the Passion of Christ
Calvarian devotions
ascetic practices
Marian piety
the cult of saints
hagiography
katolicka pobożność potrydencka
kult Męki Pańskiej
obrzędowość kalwaryjska
praktyki ascetyczne
pobożność maryjna
kult świętych
hagiografia
Opis:
Katarzyna Kaczor-Scheitler, PhD — assistant professor at the Department of Old Literature, Editing and Auxiliary Sciences at the University of Lodz. Author of books: Mistycyzm hiszpański w piśmiennictwie polskich karmelitanek XVII i XVIII wieku (Spanish Mysticism in the Literature of 17th and 18th-Century Polish Carmelites) (2005); Marianna Marchocka a św. Teresa z Avila (Marianna Marchocka and St. Theresa of Avila) (2009); Perswazja w wybranych medytacjach siedemnastowiecznych z klasztoru norbertanek na Zwierzyńcu (Persuasion in Selected 17th-Century Meditations from the Norbertine Monastery in Zwierzyniec) (2016). Co-editor of volumes of collected essays: Piśmiennictwo zakonne w dobie staropolskiej (Religious Writing in Old Poland) (2013) and Piotr Skarga — w czterechsetlecie śmierci (Piotr Skarga — on the 400th Anniversary of His Death) (2013). Author of works published in numerous conference proceedings and special volumes. Publishes her articles in Polish and foreign journals: “Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica”, “Analecta Praemonstratensia”, “Communio. Międzynarodowy Przegląd Teologiczny”, “Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze”, “Pamiętnik Literacki”, “Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka”, “Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne”, “Prace Polonistyczne”, “Przegląd Powszechny”, “Respectus Philologicus”, “Ruch Literacki”, “Studia Monastica”, “Świat i Słowo”, “Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski”, “Tematy i Konteksty”. Main areas of interest: old religious literature, especially occasional, ascetic-mystical and meditative literature.
Artykuł dotyczy polskiej religijności i pobożności doby potrydenckiej, łączącej nova et vetera — elementy odziedziczone po wiekach dawnych oraz zupełnie nowe. Religijność tamtego okresu z jednej strony opierała się na dziedzictwie późnego średniowiecza, z drugiej zaś — wprowadziła elementy nowej pobożności, rozbudowała pewne formy kultu. Artykuł rejestruje różne formy kultu Męki Pańskiej, obrzędowość kalwaryjską, praktyki ascetyczne, pobożność maryjną i obszar hagiografii. Koncentruje się przede wszystkim na polskich cechach religijności potrydenckiej, ale wprowadza także kontekst europejski w celu wskazania szerszych doświadczeń w tym zakresie, zwrócenia uwagi na narodowość i powszechność katolicyzmu polskiego oraz uwydatnienia dialogu z Europą.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne; 2020, 37; 133-155
0209-3472
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zamki pokrzyżackie w województwie chełmińskim w czasach Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
Post-Teutonic castles in Chełmno province in the times of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Bogusz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/218022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
Tematy:
zamki
Prusy Królewskie
województwo chełmińskie
Krzyżacy
architektura
castles
Chełmno Voivodeship
Royal
Prussia
Teutonic Order
architecture
Opis:
Zamki dawnego państwa krzyżackiego w Prusach, jako wybitne pomniki architektury gotyckiej, budziły zainteresowanie od XIX wieku. Ich nowożytne przekształcenia były jednak traktowane na marginesie. W czasach, kiedy Prusy Królewskie były częścią Rzeczypospolitej, zamki te stały się jednak siedzibami koronnych dostojników i przez nich były rozbudowywane i modernizowane, aby sprostać wymaganiom nowej epoki. W niniejszym tekście scharakteryzowano nowożytne przekształcenia zamków na przykładzie wybranych obiektów z terenu województwa chełmińskiego. Można je podzielić na dwie zasadnicze grupy. W pierwszej główny nacisk inwestycyjny skupiał się na przekształceniu zamku wysokiego (dawnego domu konwentu) w wygodną rezydencję starościńską bądź biskupią. Do grupy tej zaliczyć można zamki w Lipienku, Golubiu, Starogrodzie i Lubawie. Modernizacje objęły przede wszystkim wnętrza piano nobile, ale także (w różnym stopniu) elewacje, np. przez ich otynkowanie i przekształcenie formy okien. Natomiast druga grupa zamków charakteryzuje się przebudową starych i wznoszeniem nowych budynków na parchamach i przedzamczach. W przypadku tych obiektów (Grudziądz, Brodnica, Wąbrzeźno) zabudowa poza zamkiem wysokim pełniła ważną rolę rezydencjonalną. Modernizowane w stylu renesansowym i barokowym zamki pozostały siedzibami starostów i biskupów aż do rozbiorów. Dopiero zmiana władzy państwowej przypieczętowała ich degradację i ostateczne opuszczenie.
Castles of former Teutonic state in Prussia, treated as outstanding examples of gothic architecture, have been within the researchers’ interests since 19th c. Their modern transformations were treated marginally, though. In the times, when the Royal Prussia was a part of the Republic of Poland, they became the seats of the Crown dignitaries and therefore they were expanded and modernized to fulfill the needs of a new epoch. The text presented above, characterizes modern castle transformations on the examples of selected objects from the area of Chełmno Voivodeship. They can be divided into two main groups. The first – the principal investment effort was concentrated on the transition of the high castle (former convent house) into a comfortable residence of a starost or a bishop. This group includes castles in: Lipienko, Golub, Starogród and Lubawa. The modernizations concerned mainly interiors – piano nobile, but also (in various forms), facades, e.g. plastering them and changing window forms. The other group is characterized by rebuilding old and erecting new structures in outer and inner wards. In case of these objects (Grudziądz, Brodnica, Wąbrzeźno) the buildings, except for the high castle, served very important residential purposes. Castles modernized according to renaissance or baroque styles remained starosts’ and bishops’ seats until the country partition periods, when the change of the state authority sealed their degradation and final abandonment.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2015, 41; 20-35
0860-2395
2544-8870
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Winding Paths of Russian Imperial Politics: On Die Geburt des russländischen Imperiums: Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert by Ricarda Vulpius
Autorzy:
Kosińska, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Russia
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
eighteenth century history
governing strategies
Russian imperialism
Opis:
The article discusses the book Die Geburt des russländischen Imperiums by Ricarda Vulpius, a publication that tracks the emergence of the conceptual background for governing the growing Russian Empire in the eighteenth century, when territorial gains rendered the country increasingly multinational, multi-faith and multicultural. In this paper, the book was treated as an inspiration for examining the relationship between the practices employed by Russia on newly acquired territories in the east and south of Asia, described by Vulpius in the book, and the Russian Empire’s policy towards Poland.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2022, 128, 2; 223-240
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postulaty religijne w wystąpieniach kozackich pierwszej połowy XVII wieku
The Religious Aspects of the Cossacks’ Uprisings in the First Half of 17th Century
Autorzy:
Drozdowski, Mariusz Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951733.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the Cossacks
religion
the Orthodox Church
uprising
rebellion
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
This paper focuses mostly on the religious aspects of the Cossacks’ uprisings in the first half of 17th century (mainly the 1625, 1630, 1637 and 1638 uprisings), and discusses their impact on the origins, the course and following peace negotiations as well. The paper is based mostly on Cossack primary sources like manifestos, proclamations issued by the leaders, together with the directions which were to be followed during the peace talks, and the not Cossack sources as well. They prove how the religious aspects, namely the appeals to defend the persecuted orthodox confession, contributed to the character of the developments. Another question was, to what extent the religious engagement of the Cossacks uprisings at that time was caused by a sincere concern for the Orthodox Church situation, or perhaps there were other reasons, not having much in common with the faith. The analysis discusses also the Cossack delegates’ actions and policy on the Commonwealth Sejm in the years 1631–33, during which they firmly demanded restoration of the status the Orthodox Church had before 1596.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2016, 10; 85-98
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Źródła do dziejów Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w okresie rządów Wazów i „królów rodaków” w Archiwum Książąt Kurlandzkich w Łotewskim Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym w Rydze
Sources to the history of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of the Vasas and "compatriots kings" in the archives of dukes of Courland at the holdings of the Latvian State Historical Archives in Riga
Autorzy:
Nagielski, Mirosław
Bobiatyński, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1064677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Tematy:
Rzeczpospolita
Wazowie
Kurlandia
Ryga
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
the Vasas
Courland
Riga
Opis:
The article discusses the holdings of the princes of Courland Archives , which is stored - as fond 554 - at the Latvian State Historical Archives (Latvijas Valsts vestures arhivs) in Riga. So far, the Polish historians have used these records to a small extent., although this archive contains many valuable materials for the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century. The most valuable Polonica include a vast collection of correspondence between the princes of the Kettlers Family and the Polish kings of the Vasa dynasty as well as with the leading representatives of the Polish and Lithuanian magnates. This collection includes some interesting source material for the history of the military conflict with Sweden, as of the campaign of 1621, until the end of the Second Northern War in 1660. Great value have also diplomatic records, mostly reports submitted by the representatives of the Kettlers at the royal court (especially of Jan III Sobieski), as well as documents showing the policy of the princes of Courland towards its neighbors (Poland, Moscow, Sweden, Brandenburg), and their attempts to appear neutral and independent in times of great conflict taking place in the 17thc. in this part of Europe.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica; 2013, 20; 113-126
0860-1054
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skład i liczebność armii litewskiej podczas wojny z Turcją w latach 1683–1686
Composition and Numbers of the Lithuanian Army during the War with Turkey in 1683–1686
Autorzy:
Bobiatyński, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
war
muster
treasury
seventeenth century
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Ottoman Empire
Lithuanian army
Opis:
A historiography devoted to the reign of King John III Sobieski has so far lacked a detailed study on the Lithuanian army during the war with Turkey in 1683–1699. This article partially fills this gap as it precisely reconstructs the composition and numbers of the Lithuanian army in 1683–1686, i.e. during the expedition to Slovakia (1683), the campaigns in Zhvanets (1684) and Bukovina (1685), and military operations in Moldova (1686). Primary sources used for the article included treasury records, which are currently stored in Vilnius, i.e. reports of the Grand Treasurer of Lithuania, Benedict Paweł Sapieha, submitted at General Sejms in 1685 and 1689, as well as a short document that contains data from muster rolls of the 1680s. The records of the Grand Treasurer of Lithuania contain detailed lists of all Lithuanian military units which were part of the mercenary army and data on their numbers during the eight quarters of military service between 1683 and 1686. This material can be used for in-depth studies on the careers of military officers at that time, as well as the patronclient relationships between hetmans and their subordinates. The article also analyses the actions of the hetmans Kazimierz Jan Sapieha and Józef Bogusław Słuszko, whose aim was to strengthen the position of the Sapieha family and the royalist party, respectively, among soldiers and commanders.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 1; 29-55
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Butterwick. Rec.: Richard Butterwick, The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733–1795. Light and Flame, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 2020, s. 482, il.
Autorzy:
Grześkowiak-Krwawicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Źródło:
Wiek Oświecenia; 2021, 37; 253-260
0137-6942
Pojawia się w:
Wiek Oświecenia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Образы православных и католиков в историческом романе Bс. С. Соловьёва «Княжна Острожская»
The images of the Orthodox and the Catholics in the historical novel “The Princess of Ostrog” by Vs. S. Solovyov
Autorzy:
Karpina, Elena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Christianity
Orthodoxy
Catholicism
confession
tendentiousness
historical novel
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
The article is dedicated to the study of the religious problems of Vs. S. Solovyov’s historical novel “The Princess of Ostrog”, the central plot conflict of which is an open struggle between the Orthodoxy and the Catholicism that broke out in the 16th century in The Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the process of analysing the designated aspect of the text the author comes to the conclusion that the images of Konstantin, Halshka and Beata Ostrozhsky considered in the paper are a clear embodiment of the three possible life aspirations of the people who lived in the era recreated by the author: the struggle for the Orthodoxy in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; asserting one’s right to profess the Orthodoxy; propaganda of the Catholicism.
Źródło:
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski; 2020, XI, 2; 193-203
2081-1128
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public Resistance in the National Liberation Movement of Poles in Right-Bank Ukraine in the First Half of the 1860s (From the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)
Autorzy:
Ivanenko, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1978011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-01
Wydawca:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Institute of History of Ukraine
Tematy:
Polish national-liberation movement
Right-Bank Ukraine
Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russian Empire
Opis:
The article covers important manifestations and specifics of the protest culture of the Polish community within the South-Western region of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 1860s on the basis of analysis and synthesis of information from the documents of "Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General" (f.442) and "Office of the trustee of the Kiev school district" (f.707) of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). Defending one's own cultural identity as a driver of national development is connected with the awareness of the political interests and goals of the liberation struggle of Poles. The unique influence of the Polish question on historical processes, the configuration of international relations in Europe during the "long 19th century" determines the relevance and scientific significance of the study and thinking of the history of Polish national and cultural movement. Comprehensive study of the Polish question in the European history of the 19th century is an important part of the scientific perception of interethnic contradictions and antagonisms in the Russian Empire and the reaction of European diplomacy and public opinion, a deeper understanding of the essence of Russian-Polish cultural and civilizational confrontation and its impact on Ukrainian national life. Following the three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793, 1795) most of the territories of this formerly powerful European state were incorporated into the Russian Empire, there was a fierce struggle for cultural and ideological dominance in the region. The Polish national liberation movement of the 1860s, which culminated in the January Uprising of 1863-1864, developed against a background of broad social and cultural resistance to Russian autocracy, manifested in such protest actions as mourning and serving panikhads for dead Poles, singing patriotic Polish songs and hymns, public wearing of national costumes, participation in anti-government manifestations and demonstrations, refusal to read prayers for the emperor in churches, and so on. Clergy and educators, as well as students and pupils, were the driving force behind this protest movement, which had an international resonance.
Źródło:
The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings; 2021, 30; 389-404
2411-345X
2415-7198
Pojawia się w:
The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utwory południowosłowiańskie w cerkiewnosłowiańskim piśmiennictwie w Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Naumow, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2167221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Supraska
Tematy:
piśmiennictwo cerkiewnosłowiańskie
tradycja bałkańska
Rzeczpospolita
Cyrilic Literature
Balkans Tradition
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Opis:
Although the orthodoxy in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth belonged to the circle of Russian Christianity, one must be aware that there are three liturgical traditions within this group: Polish-Lithuanian (i.e. Ukrainian - Belarusian), Muscovite (i.e. Russian), and Greek-catholic (Uniate). In Church Slavonic and Old Russian writing in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth one can also notice some elements coming from Balkans, Mount Athos, Constantinople and Moldavian principalities. In the manuscripts coming from the territory of the Commonwealth, including the ones kept at present in Polish libraries and museums, there are many works linked with the ancient literature of Balkan Slavs. Most of them belong to the common heritage of all the Slav lands and do not indicate any local specificity. Still there are few significant works that can be divided into three categories: 1) works linked with the oldest period of Old Slavonic writing, mostly also connected with the tradition of Cyril and Methodius; 2) texts – significant for their new interpretation, for playing new roles – demonstrating the permeating of Balkan works into our writing, linked with particular historical events, which were considered relevant for the Commonwealth; 3) texts connected with St Parascheva-Petka.
Źródło:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2011, Kościół prawosławny na Bałkanach i w Polsce – wzajemne relacje oraz wspólna tradycja, 2; 27-34
2082-9299
Pojawia się w:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Wychowawca! O jakaż wzniosła musi to być dusza!” Prywatne guwernantki dziewcząt w czasach stanisławowskich
“A tutor! What a noble soul!” Private girls’ governesses during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Ewa
Janicka, Jowita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
age of Enlightenment
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
education of girls
governess
foreign languages
Opis:
In Stanislaw August Poniatowski’s time, the upbringing and education of wealthy noblewomen were commonly entrusted to foreign governesses. There was a strong conviction in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that command of foreign languages was the foundation of proper and careful upbringing of young women. Many parents were not discerning clients when it came to selecting a governess. Oftentimes, foreign origin sufficed. As a result of attaching so much importance to command of foreign languages accompanied by acquiring foreign manners, costumes and customs, young Polish women grew indifferent to their mother tongue, native culture and traditions. There was also a lack of sense of responsibility for the country’s future.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2018, 39; 19-34
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hugona Kołłątaja wizja szkolnictwa i szkolenia wojskowego w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów (Hugo Kołłątaj’s vision of education and military training in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)
Autorzy:
ś, Jan Ry
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/707265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Źródło:
Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych; 2013, LXVI
0079-3418
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Institution of Council of the Senate in the Political System of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Rule of Ladislaus IV Vasa (1632–48)
Autorzy:
Goszczyński, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-19
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
the Senate of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the seventeenth century
Council of the Senate
Sigismund III Vasa
Ladislaus IV
Polish nobility in the seventeenth century
Adam Kazanowski
Opis:
Established under the Henrician Articles of 1573, the institution of Council of the Senate was supposed to be a standing advisory body to the rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over the first few decades of its existence, the monarchs did not respect the obligation to appoint resident senators as the Council’s members. This changed only in 1607, as a result of a conflict between the king and the estates and the Rebellion of Sandomierz – the events that mobilised the nobility to enforce the monarch to observe the law in this respect. Since the beginning of his reign, Ladislaus IV Vasa fairly readily convened meetings of the Council, at which its members expressed their opinions on the current problems. The deliberations were usually about the state’s foreign policy, the functioning and internal security of the state, the affairs of war and peace, the military and the treasury, the king’s or the royal family’s private affairs, the Commonwealth’s feoffs, and matters related to private affairs of members of the power elite. Resulting from the monarch’s actions that did not win popularity in the nobility-dominated society, the Chamber of Deputies started with time perceive the Council as an institution detrimental to the state’s interest. The Chamber consequently extort from the king and the senators the duty to read out the reports on the senatus consilia at the diet (sejm) forum. Consequently, the upper chamber’s position was weakened and the Council of the Senate politicised – a process that directly affected Poland-Lithuania’s political system, vastly contributing to its degeneration.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2021, 122; 181-207
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz społeczeństwa stanowego i charakterologii narodowej Polaków w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Komentarz do Genealogii teraźniejszości Aleksandra Świętochowskiego
Autorzy:
Rzymkowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157542.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
state society
national characterology
Aleksander Świętochowski
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth society system
Opis:
This paper presents the views of the creator of Warsaw positivism – Aleksander Świętochowski on functioning of the state society and Polish national character in former Rzeczpospolita, included in his work Genealogy of the present, which was published for the first time in fragments in 1935. The intention of the author is to present the most interesting elements of historical conception of Świętochowski. However, all considerations are reduced to a few important aspects: presentation of character of particular social groups and typical national characteristics of Poles. As a backdrop for these researches, the author presents of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth political system.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2014, 3(15); 85-92
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieśń o chwale Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Uwagi o tradycji genologicznej Proporca albo Hołdu pruskiego Jana Kochanowskiego
Autorzy:
Banaś-Korniak, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Jan Kochanowski
Proporzec albo Hołd pruski
unia polsko-litewska
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to show that Jan Kochanowski’s Proporzec albo Hołd Pruski, a work of literature considered for a long time to be poor in artistic terms, refers to the convention of a triumphant song of victory, namely the epinikion. It is a literary form with ancient roots. The poet of Czarnolas, in his original way, combined the convention of epinikion with verse-driven canvassing speech (on the border between genus deliberativum and genus demonstrativum), using a number of arguments in favour of implementing the resolutions of the Sejm (Parliament Assembly) of Lublin of 1569. The work consistently develops one thread – the struggle with the Teutonic Knights, which is connected with the selective presentation of the historical images of the Polish rulers’ military campaigns for Pomerania and Duchy of Prussia. The consistency of the presented historical descriptions with the ideological content, expressive “speech decorations” and faithfulness to the conventions of the sixteenth-century political poetry make the literary artistry of Proporzec… impressive and standing out with its artistry against the background of occasional Old Polish poems.
Źródło:
Tematy i Konteksty; 2019, 14, 9; 170-184
2299-8365
Pojawia się w:
Tematy i Konteksty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolna elekcja króla Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
Freie Wahl des Königs der Republik beider Nationen
The free election of the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Lewandowska-Malec, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Republik beider Nationen, Articuli Henriciani, Pacta conventa, freie Wahl, passives Wahlrecht
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Henrician Articles, pacta conventa, free election, passive voting right
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, Artykuły henrykowskie, pakta konwenta, wolna elekcja, bierne prawo wyborcze
Opis:
The right to vote is either active or passive; it means the right to vote and to be elected. During the period of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the fundamental principles of the political system was the right to “free election” of the king. It was understood as electio viritim, i.e. casting a vote by each nobleman. This was considered to be the greatest success of the noble nation in the Republic of Poland. In the passive aspect, electoral law was not a subject of broader considerations in contemporary journalism and public life. This issue requires scientific research, taking into account the provisions of Henrician Articles and pacta conventa.
Wahlrechte sind aktiv oder passiv; sie bedeuten das Recht zu wählen und gewählt zu werden. In der Republik beider Nationen war das Recht auf „freie Wahl“ des Königs eines der grundlegenden Prinzipien im politischen System. Verstanden wurde es als das Recht auf die Wahl viritim, was bedeutete, dass jeder Adlige seine Stimme abgeben konnte. Dies galt als der größte Erfolg der Adelsnation in der Republik. Das passive Wahlrecht war kein Gegen- stand weiterer Überlegungen in der damaligen Publizistik und im öffentlichen Leben. Dieser As- pekt muss unter Berücksichtigung der Bestimmungen der Articuli Henriciani und Pacta conventa erforscht werden.
Prawa wyborcze mają charakter czynny albo bierny; oznaczają prawo wybierania i bycia wybranym. W okresie Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów jedną z podstawowych zasad ustrojowych było prawo „wolnej elekcji” króla. Rozumiano je jako prawo do elekcji viritim czyli oddania głosu przez każdego szlachcica. To uważano za największy sukces narodu szlacheckiego w Rzeczypospolitej. Prawo wyborcze w aspekcie biernym nie było przedmiotem szerszych rozważań w ówczesnej publicystyce i życiu publicznym. To zagadnienie wymaga badań naukowych z uwzględnieniem przepisów Artykułów henrykowskich oraz paktów konwentów.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 147-162
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania sztuki ziem wschodnich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej po 1989 roku
Post 1989 research on the art of the eastern territories of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Betlej, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/707047.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Ukraine
Ruthenia
Podolia
Eastern Europe
art history
Ukraina
Litwa
Podole
Europa Wschodnia
historia sztuki
Opis:
In this paper the author outlines and describes the proposals and dynamics of research on the art of the eastern territories of the former Commonwealth conducted after 1989 – namely Red Ruthenia and Podolia, the lands lost by Poland in 1945 to the USSR (and now within the limits of Ukraine). Two academic centres dominated in this field: the Institute of Art History of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and Warsaw’s Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University. Extensive inventory work undertaken from 1992 resulted in the monumental publication “Materials for the History of Religious Art in the former Eastern Territories” (ed. by Jan Ostrowski) including a monographic study of Roman Catholic churches and monasteries in the former Ruthenian, Novogrodek and Vilnius Voivodeships. The magnitude of this multi-volume publication can only be compared to the monumental “Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland”, published a century earlier. The present article also includes projects undertaken by other academic centres (primarily inventory work of sepulchral art, as well as numerous other publications, maliny conference proceedings). The role of material research in the field of “first art history” has proven to be very inspiring. Eastern studies have led to many spectacular discoveries and introduced new scholarly material, significantly contributing to the knowledge of Polish art history - mainly in modern art, but also applicable to the artistic heritage of the 19th century and the inter-war period, particularly architecture. An important consequence of the “eastern” inventory work is the training of a new set of art historians (a whole generation even), specialized in the field of inventory and archival research.
Źródło:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki; 2012, 37; 83-91
0080-3472
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Civic education of women in the literary works of Klementyna Hoffman née Tańska - on the example of selected literary works
Autorzy:
Kossowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Enlightenment
novel
women’s education
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Commission of National Education
Opis:
One of the main features of 18th-century Polish literature was its didactic coverage. It was related to the great civilization, moral and cultural changes that took place in the 18th century, the contem- porary situation of Polish education and – at the end of the century – the partitions of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth. A novel by Klementyna Hoffmanowa née Tańska Listy Elżbiety Rzeczyckiej do przyjaciółki swojej Urszuli***, Dziennik Franciszki Krasińskiej w ostatnich latach panowania Augusta III pisany and Pamiątka po dobrej matce..., achieve the didactic goals set by the author.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2021, 1(40); 93-99
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Конфессиональные отношения в Пинском повете в период I Речи Посполитой
Confessional Relations in Pinsk Region in the period of the 1st Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Harbatski, Andrej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Supraska
Tematy:
православная Церковь
католицизм
униатство
евреи
Пинский повет
белорусские земли
монастырь
земля
традиция
исторические
особенности
конфессия
Opis:
The author of the article, using different sources, analyzes the confessional relations in Pinsk region before the adoption of the brest union and after its acceptance. It is shown that Orthodoxy before the adoption of the Brest union was the most influential faith in Pinsk region, thus already having a developed structure of management. The author proves that in the period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the lands of Pinsk region there was a rather favourable legal situation for the development of dialogue relations in two spheres of communication space – religion and culture. The Orthodox Church, following the traditions put during its formation, didn’t lose the influence. Its doors were still open for “strangers”, and in the sphere of communication space the Orthodox Church didn’t lose the influence in dialogue relations.
Źródło:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2014, Synody Cerkwi Prawosławnej w I Rzeczypospolitej, 5; 201-208
2082-9299
Pojawia się w:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sources for studying the position of widows in noble families and society in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. An outline of the problem and research questions
Autorzy:
Kicińska, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
ego-document
prenuptial agreement
life agreement
will
correspondence
wdowa
ego-dokument
intercyza przedślubna
umowa na dożywocie
testament
korespondencja
Opis:
In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, women played a signifi cant role in both family and social life. An important position was occupied by widows, who – protected by privileges and adequate fi nancial security – had a great impact on the creation of contemporary reality. According to law, in their childhood and early youth, young women were dependent on their fathers or guardians. Once wives, they had to consider opinions of their husbands, who could constrain them in making independent decisions. Only widowhood gave women the opportunity to change their legal and financial status and allowed them to decide about their own fate, manage their family’s policy, undertake economic initiatives, as well as to participate in public, cultural and social life, also by fulfi lling the role of a patroness. The position of widows in the family and noble society in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth can be studied based on a variety of sources. Ego-documents should be considered an exceptionally valuable kind of material where the authors could express their thoughts freely, write frankly about their problems, feelings, troubles and joys of everyday life, and present to the world their experiences and perceptions of reality. 
Źródło:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2022, 13; 42-55
2450-4475
Pojawia się w:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of maps and plans created in the 1620s in the Netherlands on the development of military concepts in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Łopatecki, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1591020.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Thirty Years’ War
Pomerania
the Griffins
wojna trzydziestoletnia
Pomorze
Gryfici
Opis:
The article analyses the impact of maps and plans for military operations in the Netherlands in the 1620s on the modernisation and reform of the art of war in the Republic of Poland. The analysis showed that the source of tactical, operational and strategic knowledge were cartographic sources that reached the lands of the Republic. They were most often brought by people who left the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the West for education and work and then returned to their homeland. It was established that a typical magnate returning from the journey brought between a dozen and a few dozen or so engravings and his own drawings of the sieges and fortification plans. A common form was to provide maps for correspondence. Cartographic sources were supposed to help evaluate the military actions taken and allow the recipients to “keep an eye on” European conflicts. Thanks to the journey of Prince Wladyslaw Vasa around Europe in the years 1624–1625, a pattern of taking “military science” was formed not only in universities but also in military camps in the Netherlands.
Artykuł analizuje wpływ map i planów dotyczących działań wojskowych w Niderlandach w latach 20. XVII stulecia na modernizację i reformy sztuki wojennej w Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej. Przeprowadzono w niej analizę, która prowadzi do konstatacji, że źródłem wiedzy taktycznej, operacyjnej i strategicznej były źródła kartograficzne docierające do ziem Rzeczypospolitej. Najczęściej przywoziły je osoby, które wyjeżdżały z Korony i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego na Zachód w celach edukacyjnych i zarobkowych, a następnie wracały do ojczyzny. Ustalono, że magnat powracający z podróży przywoził od kilkunastu do kilkudziesięciu rycin i własnoręcznych rysunków planów oblężeń i fortyfikacji. Rozpowszechnioną formą było dostarczanie map do korespondencji. Źródła kartograficzne miały pomóc w ocenie podejmowanych działań militarnych i pozwalały odbiorcom „na bieżąco” obserwować konflikty europejskie. Dzięki podróży królewicza Władysława Wazy po Europie w latach 1624–1625 ukształtował się wzorzec pobierania „nauk wojskowych” nie tylko na uniwersytetach ale i obozach wojskowych w Niderlandach. Ukazana została również rola Krzysztofa Arciszewskiego – klienta hetmana polnego litewskiego, który dostarczał Krzysztofowi Radziwiłłowi liczne, powstałe w Niderlandach mapy i plany. Zaakcentowano również analogiczny kontekst wyprawy edukacyjnej Janusza Radziwiłła oraz Krzysztofa Michała i Kazimierza Lwa Sapiehów.
Źródło:
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski; 2019, 4; 253-283
0552-4245
2353-3021
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Muzyka w działalności duszpasterskiej bazylianów w Rzeczypospolitej w XVIII wieku
Music in the Basilian monks’ pastoral work in the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Lorens, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
Tematy:
bazylianie
kapela
muzyka
organy
instrumenty muzyczne
pieśni
Basilian monks
ensemble
music
organ
music instruments
songs
Opis:
Bazylianie angażowali się w pracę duszpasterską we własnych parafiach, pełnili posługę w sanktuariach licznie odwiedzanych  przez wiernych, a także prowadzili misje ludowe wśród ludności zamieszkującej teren wschodniej Rzeczypospolitej. W tej działalności ważną rolę pełniła muzyka, zarówno wokalna jak i instrumentalna. Bazylianie byli tymi, którzy do swych cerkwi wprowadzali muzykę instrumentalną, głównie organową. W drugiej połowie XVIII w. instrument ten był coraz częściej spotykany w świątyniach unickich. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że organy częściej występowały w klasztorach prowincji litewskiej, zwłaszcza w ośrodkach miejskich oraz położonych na Litwie, Wołyniu, w eparchii chełmskiej. Rzadziej wprowadzano organy do cerkwi bazyliańskich położonych w południowo-wschodniej Rzeczypospolitej: w województwie ruskim i podolskim. Oprócz organów na wyposażeniu cerkwi były instrumenty dęte i strunowe, używane przeważnie przy okazji odpustów. Przy monasterach utrzymywano kapele wokalno-instrumentalne. W XVIII w. działały one przy co najmniej sześciu klasztorach (Wilno, Chełm, Żyrowice, Poczajów, Uniów, Supraśl), zaś obecność instrumentów muzycznych odnotowano w pięciu kolejnych placówkach (Zahorów, Humań, Biała, Buczacz, Boruny). Bazylianie korzystali także z usług kapeli funkcjonujących przy kościołach łacińskich czy prywatnych zespołów magnackich. Zakonnicy dbali o wykonywanie tradycyjnego śpiewu cerkiewnego. Jednak obok niego zaznajamiali wiernych z pieśniami i hymnami łacińskimi, które tłumaczyli na język polski lub ruski (ukraiński). Sami również byli autorami tekstów pieśni religijnych przeznaczonych na różne okazje. Muzyka stosowana w działalności duszpasterskiej bazylianów w XVIII w. łączyła tradycyjną muzykę cerkiewną z wpływami zachodniej muzyki barokowej. 
The Basilian monks were responsible for pastoral work in their own parishes, served in sanctuaries visited by large numbers of the faithful, and conducted ‘folk missions’ among the populations in the eastern parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Music, both vocal and instrumental, played an eminent role in their activities. They were the ones who introduced instrumental (mainly organ) music in the Eastern (Uniate) Church. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, the instrument was more and more frequently to be found in Uniate churches. Analyses prove that the organ was used in monasteries of the Lithuanian province, especially in cities and in Lithuania, Volhynia as well as the Chełm Eparchy. It was introduced less frequently in the southeast of the Commonwealth – the Ruthenian and Podolian provinces. Apart from the organ, the churches also had wind and string instruments at their disposal, but the latter were mostly used during parish feasts related to indulgencies. Monasteries had their vocal-instrumental ensembles. In the 18th century, they performed music in at least six of them (Vilnius, Chełm, Zhyrovichy, Pochaiv, Univ, Supraśl), while the presence of music instruments is recorded for five others (Zahorów, Uman, Biała, Buchach, and Baruny). The monks also used the services of ensembles established in Roman Catholic churches or at aristocratic houses. They cultivated traditional Eastern church singing, but at the same time familiarised the faithful with Latin songs and hymns translated into Polish or Ruthenian (Ukrainian). The monks themselves also wrote texts of religious songs for various occasions. The compositions applied by 18th-century Basilian monks in their pastoral work combined elements of traditional Eastern Church music with influences from Western Baroque music.
Źródło:
Muzyka; 2019, 64, 2; 49-69
0027-5344
2720-7021
Pojawia się w:
Muzyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Druki jezuickie w kręgach prawosławnych: dwa przykłady z XVII-wiecznej Rzeczypospolitej
Jesuit books among the Orthodox: two examples from the seventeenth-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Korzo, Margarita A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/912384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Fulvio Androzzi
Marcin Śmiglecki
Orthodox religious literature
Orthodox Rituals
sample sermons
Orthodox manuals on moral theology
translation techniques
prawosławna literatura religijna
prawosławny Rytuał
kazanie wzorcowe
prawosławne manuale spowiednicze
techniki translatorskie
Opis:
Tłumaczenia dzieł jezuitów Fulvia Androzziego (1523–1575) i Marcina Śmigleckiego (1563/64–1618) na język cerkiewnosłowiański i tzw. prostą mowę rozpatrywane są jako ciekawy przykład funkcjonowania utworów katolickich w XVII-wiecznym środowisku prawosławnym w Rzeczypospolitej. Della frequenza della communione (1579) Androzziego powstał jako traktat o częstym przyjmowaniu komunii. Oba jego przekłady polskie: w wersji skróconej Stanisława Grochowskiego (Scieszka poboznego chrześcianina, 1600) i pełnej Szymona Wysockiego (Skarbnica duchowna, 1600) stały się źródłem lakonicznego kazania wzorcowego na pogrzeb w składzie prawosławnego Rytuału (Wilno 1621). Traktat teologiczno-prawny o pobieraniu procentów i o kontraktach Śmigleckiego (O lichwie i trzech przednieyszych kontrakciech, Wilno 1596) został częściowo włączony do pierwszego prawosławnego manuale spowiedniczego Mir s Bogom čeloveku (Kijów 1669). Zarówno kazanie wzorcowe, jak i manuale spowiednicze należały do nowych gatunków literatury religijnej, które zaczęły powstawać w piśmiennictwie prawosławnym dopiero w XVII wieku pod wpływem tradycji katolickiej.
The history of works composed by Jesuits Fulvio Androzzi (1523–1575) and Marcin Śmiglecki (1563/64–1618) and their translations into Church Slavonic and the so-called “prostaâ mova” are considered as an interesting example of the spread of Catholic works among adherents of Orthodoxy in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Androzzi’s Della frequenza della communione (1579) was originally an essay on the preparation for frequent communion. Its two Polish-language editions by Stanisław Grochowski (Scieszka poboznego chrześcianina, 1600) and Szymon Wysocki (Skarbnica duchowna, 1600) served as a source for a concise, written in “prostaâ mova” funerary sample sermon, which is found in the Vilna’s Orthodox Ritual 1621. An essay on theological and legal aspects of money-lending (usury) by Śmiglecki (O lichwie i trzech przednieyszych kontrakciech, 1596) was partly used for drawing up a treatise on moral theology Mir s Bogom čeloveku (1669) published in the Kiev Monastery of the Caves. Both sample sermons and treatises on moral theology were new literary genres for Orthodox tradition; their origin in the seventeenth century can be associated with Catholic influences.
Źródło:
Biblioteka; 2018, 22(31); 65-74
1506-3615
2391-5838
Pojawia się w:
Biblioteka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polsko-niemieckie pogranicze kulturowe na przykładzie kontaktów szlachty wielkopolskiej, śląskiej i brandenburskiej w XVI–XVIII wieku
The Polish-German cultural borderland as illustrated by Great Poland (Wielkopolska), Silesian and Branderburg nobility in 16th to 18th centuries
Autorzy:
Klint, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Great Poland
nobility
borderland
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Wielkopolska
szlachta
pogranicze
Opis:
The article presents the tradition of cultural exchange in the Polish-Silesian-Brandenburgian borderland in the 16th to 18th century on the example of the relationship of the nobility living in each of these regions. During the three centuries before the partitions, there was a process merging the Polish- and German-speaking nobility in the borderlands. Family ties and financial relations strengthened the bonds between the gentry from different countries. In addition, in the 16th and first half of the 17th century noble families from Silesia or Branderburg were settling within Poland. Some of these families were polonised, while others remained part of the German language and culture. Reformation was another element bonding the nobility from these regions – many Polish noble families from the Greater Poland borderland adopted reformed faith and came in close relations with the Protestants of Silesia and Brandenburg. With such tight relationships, there was a need for knowledge of the German language among Polish nobility, as well as the need to learn Polish among Silesians and Branderburgians. But the knowledge of language was not the only element shaping the borderland culture – the elements of Polish and German culture were also merging. All this led to the emergence of a community in the noble society (at least in the western Great Poland (Wielkopolska). Borderland became the place with much stronger neighbourhood, family and material ties, as well as much greater shared interests and local identity than in other regions.
W artykule przedstawiono tradycję wymiany kulturowej na pograniczu polsko-śląsko-brandenburskim w XVI–XVIII w. na przykładzie relacji szlachty zamieszkującej w każdym z tych regionów. Zaprezentowano kontakty rodzinne i majątkowe szlachty polsko- i niemieckojęzycznej, ze specjalnym naciskiem na polonizację rodzin szlacheckich, które przybywały do Wielkopolski z południa lub zachodu i osiedlały się tam na stałe. Analiza kwestii etnicznych na pograniczu służy głównie rozpatrywaniu tworzenia się specyficznej wspólnoty szlacheckiej na kresach Wielkopolski i polsko-niemieckiej wymiany kulturowej.
Źródło:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2013, 2; 165-180
2300-0562
2450-0127
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bitwa pod Kowalewem (5 X 1716) – geneza, przebieg, konsekwencje
Battle of Kowalewo (5 October 1716) – Origin, Course, Consequences
Autorzy:
Ciesielski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1157713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
the Tarnogród Confederation
Saxon army
Polish-Lithuanian army
battle of Kowalewo
Opis:
The article, which refers to the research on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s military history in the 18th century and the crisis of Old Polish war art, presents the genesis, course and effects of the battle of Kowalewo of 5 October 1716. Epistolographic material, press and chronicle accounts along with plans of two battles constitute the source base. These primary sources were given a critical analysis, the acquired information being collated and verified in order to obtain a reasonably precise picture of the causes, course and consequences of the battle. The armed forces participating in the battle consisted of the military forces of the Tarnogród Confederation and the royal corps formed from Saxon and Polish regiments and banners, which made the battle fratricidal. About 9–10 thousand soldiers with 6 cannons fought on the side of the Confederation, whilst the royal army had 6,000–6,500 royal soldiers with 4–7 cannons. The confederates had numerical superiority, which was compensated by the advantage in artillery, firearms and better training of royal soldiers. It turned out that these factors were decisive, because the Confederate forces suffered a devastating defeat. After the battle, the group of Chrysostom Gniazdowski actually ceased to exist, and the second military unit commanded by Stefan Potocki withdrew to Mazovia. At least 1,500 or even over 2,000 confederates were killed or wounded in the battle. Another 610 were captured. The royal army also won six cannons and many military characters. The royal forces paid for their success with minor losses – probably only 132 killed and wounded soldiers. Although this battle should not have taken place due to the current ceasefire, its military and political effects were significant. As a result of the battle, the royal army regained full control over Kuyavia and Pomerania, securing the facilities of the troops protecting Warsaw. With the beginning of the Russian armed intervention, this led to the weakening of the confederates’ position in the ongoing peace negotiations, and, as a consequence, to the conclusion of a compromise agreement on 3 November 1716, which did not meet many of the demands of the Warsaw treaty.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 3; 31-56
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Melecjusz Smotrycki kontra król Zygmunt III w sprawie wyświęcenia prawosławnych władyków przez patriarchę Teofana III (publikacja nieznanych źródeł)
Meletius Smotryckyj vs. King Sigismund III on the Ordination of the Orthodox Bishops by Patriarch Theophanes III (publication of unknown sources)
Autorzy:
Kempa, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171281.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Supraska
Tematy:
Meletius Smotryckyj
king Sigismund III
patriarch Theophan
bishop
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Orthodox Church
Opis:
The article shows and discusses unknown sources – epistolary answers of Meletius Smotryckyj to the accusation on the hand of the King Sigismund III and his collaborators in conjunction with ordination of new Orthodox high hierarchy in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Jerusalem patriarch Theophan, who stayed in the Ruthenian part of the Commonwealth in 1620–1621. Smotryckyj was nominated by him to the Archbishopric of Połock then. All those nominations of the Orthodox bishops were made without the consent of th Polish King, who was entitled to the giving of the higher dignities in the Orthodox Church in the Commonwealth. Smotrycki, in the letters published here, tries to defend Theophan’s decision, thus also defending the rights of the Orthodox population in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, who – as a result of the policy of King Sigismund III and the actions of the Catholic Church – was forced to fight for restoring legal status of the Orthodox Church after the Union of Brest (1595/1596). The Smotryckyj’s responses published here are the oldest known epistolary works of this famous writer and hierarch. The arguments used in them were reflected in the well-known polemical works of Smotryckyj published in 1621–1622.
Źródło:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2019, Вѣнецъ хваленїѧ. Studia ofiarowane profesorowi Aleksandrowi Naumowowi na jubileusz 70-lecia, 10; 25-40
2082-9299
Pojawia się w:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Primate Mikołaj Prażmowski and the Unwelcome Papal Legation in Poland-Lithuania (1668–69)
Autorzy:
Gregorowicz, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/695697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Mikołaj Prażmowski
papal legation
seventeenth century
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Catholic Church
Clement IX
Opis:
The article presents the reasons for refusing to receive the papal legation of Pope Clement IX in the matter of John Casimir Vasa’s abdication (1668) and, especially, the subsequent royal election (1669), by the Catholic Primate of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Mikołaj Prażmowski. Prażmowski’s refusal to receive the legation has been overlooked in the literature on the subject so far. The author, on the basis of the diplomatic dispatches of the apostolic nuncios and on their instructions, will analyse the problematic relations of Prażmowski with papal diplomats, and explain why the papal legation ended in fiasco. The researcher concludes that the fiasco of papal legation was another clear indication of the Papacy’s lack of sufficient leverage in the post-Westphalian world, as it was fundamentally weakened by the deep divisions between the Catholic powers of France and the Habsburgs, which Westphalia had signally failed to resolve. Nowhere was this more apparent than in Poland-Lithuania, where the battle between Catholic supporters of the Habsburgs and France over the succession had profoundly divided the republic.
Źródło:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2018, 2
2545-1685
2545-1693
Pojawia się w:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Inventory of Manuscripts from the Załuski Library in the Imperial Public Library • Инвентар рўкописей Библиотеки Залуских в Императорской Публичной библиотеке • Inwentarz rękopisów Biblioteki Załuskich w Cesarskiej Bibliotece Publicznej, oprac. Olga N. Bleskina i Natalia A. Elagina (współpraca Krzysztof Kossarzecki i Sławomir Szyller), Biblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa 2013, ss. 612 + 16 ss. ilustr. barwnych.
Autorzy:
Prokop, Krzysztof R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1019770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-20
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
dokumenty
historia
źródło
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
documents
history
source
Opis:
Pełny tytuł: [Recenzja]: The Inventory of Manuscripts from the Załuski Library in the Imperial Public Library • Инвентар рўкописей Библиотеки Залуских в Императорской Публичной библиотеке • Inwentarz rękopisów Biblioteki Załuskich w Cesarskiej Bibliotece Publicznej, oprac. Olga N. Bleskina i Natalia A. Elagina (współpraca Krzysztof Kossarzecki i Sławomir Szyller), Biblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa 2013, ss. 612 + 16 ss. ilustr. barwnych
Full title: [Recenzja]: The Inventory of Manuscripts from the Załuski Library in the Imperial Public Library • Инвентар рўкописей Библиотеки Залуских в Императорской Публичной библиотеке • Inwentarz rękopisów Biblioteki Załuskich w Cesarskiej Bibliotece Publicznej, oprac. Olga N. Bleskina i Natalia A. Elagina (współpraca Krzysztof Kossarzecki i Sławomir Szyller), Biblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa 2013, ss. 612 + 16 ss. ilustr. barwnych
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2016, 106; 415-425
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
L’arginamento dell’eterodossia riformata nel Granducato di Lituania e in Polonia: il trattato Orthodoxa fidei confessio di Mikołaj Pac
Preventing the Reformation heterodoxy in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland: Orthodoxa fidei confessio by Nicolaus Pac
Autorzy:
Pociūtė, Dainora
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)
Tematy:
Reformation
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Confession of Faith
Anti-Trinitarian Movement
Nicolaus (Mikołaj) Pac
Opis:
The paper focuses on the process of consolidating different Christian forces fighting the rise of the anti-trinitarian movement in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland in the mid-sixteenth century, right after the death of Duke Mikołaj Radziwiłł (Radvilas) the Black, the leader of the Reformation. One of the first attempts to oppose and officially condemn anti-trinitarian ideas, which began to spread after the fragmentation and schism of the Polish and Lithuanian Reformed Churches in 1563, was the Orthodoxa fidei confessio (Königsberg, 1566) written by Nicolaus (Mikołaj) Pac, Bishop of Kiev. Notwithstanding the fact that his confession revealed his Protestant identity, Pac managed to retain his position as a Catholic bishop (not ordained by the Pope) for about 27 years, i.e. almost until his death in 1584. The paper describes the religious context of the publication that defended traditional Trinitology as well as its confessional details, which were closer to Lutheranism than to the Reformed faith.
Źródło:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2017, 8; 5-21
2384-9266
Pojawia się w:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studenci Rzeczypospolitej na Uniwersytecie praskim w XVII–XVIII wieku
Students of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the University of Prague in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Autorzy:
Tomczak, Robert T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague
University of Prague
academic peregrinations
studies abroad
Uniwersytet Karola-Ferdynanda w Pradze
Uniwersytet praski
peregrynacje akademickie
studia zagraniczne
Opis:
The paper discusses students from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth enrolled at the University of Prague in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The group is analysed in the social and territorial context. An appendix at the end of the paper presents individual students.
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2016, 1(10); 103-138
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obrzezanie Jezusa w Kościele wschodnim dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Święto, treść, ikonografia
Circumcision of Jesus in the Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Feast, Content, Iconography
Autorzy:
Gronek, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Supraska
Tematy:
sztuka cerkiewna
Cerkiew prawosławna
obrzezanie
obrzędy żydowskie
święta prawosławne
Opis:
The beginnings of the celebration of the Circumcision of Jesus feast, in the octave of Christmas, January 1st, date back to the 6th century in the West and probably 8th century in the East. Although this feast was marked as a great in the Orthodox liturgical calendar, it was not included in the dodekaorton. The oldest representation in art are known only from the post-iconoclastic period, and its compositions resemble The Presentation of the Lord in the Temple. In the Ruthenian churches of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth it appeared in the XVI century. Circumcision of Jesus in the Christian Church has acquired a liturgical character and is celebrated as the moment when the Child is given the name Jesus. However, the content of this event is much deeper, based on the parallel between circumcision and baptism, as well as the idea of prefiguration and anticipation of the passion of Christ as the first and voluntary sacrifice of blood. The article will describe the depiction of the Circumcision of Jesus in Orthodox old art from the territory of the former Polish Republic. On the basis of liturgical texts and the homily of religious writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, the main content of this event will also be discussed.
Źródło:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2020, Dzieci w kulturze duchowej Prawosławia, 11; 105-126
2082-9299
Pojawia się w:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz onomastyczny powiatu borszczowskiego w województwie podolskim I Rzeczpospolitej
An Onomastic Picture of the Borshchov District in the Podolian Voivodeship during the First Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Czapla, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
onomastics
names of places
Borshchov District
language picture of Podolia
Źródło:
Slavia Orientalis; 2020, LXIX, 3; 617-638
0037-6744
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Orientalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Death of the Magnate: Life Expectancy of the Magnatery in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Versus the Demography of the Western European Elites in the Early Modern Age
Autorzy:
Liedke, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1367983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
life expectancy
life tables
aristocracy
magnatery
elites
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
oczekiwana długość życia
tablice trwania życia
arystokracja
magnateria
elity
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present life expectancy calculations for magnates, the elite of the nobility (but not an exact equivalent of European aristocracy) from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th–18th centuries (life tables for women and men). The paper also contains a comparison with the results previously obtained for Western European aristocracy. The author tried to verify if there were differences in life expectancy between men and women from two parts of the Commonwealth: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Because only a small amount of data was collected, 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the sample. The calculations were based on genealogical data collected for 8 families from the Kingdom of Poland and 9 Lithuanian families.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie obliczeń oczekiwanej długości życia magnaterii – elity stanu szlacheckiego Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XVI–XVIII wieku (skonstruowano tablice trwania życia dla kobiet i mężczyzn na podstawie bazy danych uwzględniającej informacje genealogiczne odnośnie do 8 rodów koronnych i 9 litewskich). Zamieszczono w nim też porównanie uzyskanych wyników z wartością oczekiwanej długości życia wyliczonej wcześniej dla arystokracji zachodnioeuropejskiej. Dokonano również próby sprawdzenia, czy zachodziły różnice między oczekiwaną długością życia magnatów i magnatek z obu części Rzeczypospolitej: Korony i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Ze względu na niewielką liczbę przypadków, na podstawie których dokonano kalkulacji, obliczono też 95% przedziały ufności.
Źródło:
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski; 2019, 41; 57-79
0079-7189
2719-4345
Pojawia się w:
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szlachta wołyńska wobec agresji tureckiej na Rzeczpospolitą w 1621 roku
Volhynian Nobility in the Face of the Turkish Aggression against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1621
Autorzy:
Kupisz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-14
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Wołyń
sejmik
szlachta
wojskowość
wojna polsko-turecka 1621
Volhynia
sejmik (regional assembly)
nobility
military science
1621 Polish-Turkish War
Opis:
W 1621 r. Rzeczpospolita została zmuszona do podjęcia olbrzymiego wysiłku militarnego w celu odparcia najazdu turecko-tatarskiego. W skali ogólnopaństwowej był on już przedmiotem zainteresowania historyków, toteż celem artykułu jest ukazanie mniej znanych aspektów przygotowań do wojny z Turcją, widzianych z perspektywy szlachty zamieszkującej określony region. Przedmiotem rozważań stało się w tym przypadku województwo wołyńskie, jedno z terytoriów bezpośrednio zagrożonych działaniami wojennymi. Materiał źródłowy pozwolił dowieść, że jego mieszkańcy podjęli w 1621 r. wysiłek militarny na skalę o wiele większą niż dotąd sądzono: wystawili pułk wojska powiatowego, oddziały prywatne i wolontarskie, kontyngent ordynacji ostrogskiej, a na koniec stawili się na pospolitym ruszeniu. Porównanie zgromadzonych danych z komputami wojsk Rzeczypospolitej, wystawionych wówczas przeciw Turkom dowodzi, że nie zawsze obejmują one wszystkie jednostki, które ostatecznie wzięły udział w walkach.
In 1621, the Commonwealth was forced to make a strenuous military effort to repel the Turkish-Tatar invasion. On a national scale, it has already been the subject of historians’ interest; thus, the article aims to present less known aspects of the preparations for the war with Turkey, seen from the perspective of the nobility living in a specific region. In this case, in the Province of Volhynia, one of the territories directly threatened by military actions. The source material made it possible to prove that its inhabitants made a military effort in 1621 on a much larger scale than previously thought: they set up a regiment of the poviat, private and voluntary troops, a contingent from the entail of Ostrog, and finally, they participated in a mass levy of troops at Gliniany. Comparing the collected data with the number of the Commonwealth’s permanent armed forces deployed against the Turks proves that they do not always include all units that ultimately took part in the battles.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2021, 128, 2; 577-599
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Did Two Zlatousts from the Collection of the Princes Chartoryski Library in Cracow Once Belong to Fr Iwan Wiszeński?
Czy dwa Złatousty ze zbiorów Biblioteki xx. Czartoryskich w Krakowie należały niegdyś do o. Iwana Wiszeńskiego?
Autorzy:
Stradomski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Byzantino-Slavonic literature
Cyrillic manuscripts
Balkan region
The Polish--Lithuanian Commonwealth
Iwan Wiszeński
Opis:
In the collection of manuscripts of the Princes Chartoryski Library in Cracow, there are two manuscripts (from the beginning of the 17th century) which are related, in academic literature, with the person of Orthodox monk, Iwan Wiszeński. The volumes, described in catalogues as Zlatousts, were to be brought by him directly from the Mt Athos. Codicological and textual analysis of the manuscripts shows that the tomes are not the Zlatousts, but two volumes (Lent and Paschal period) from an extensive collection of Byzantine and Slavic panegyrical works, known as Studios Monastery Homiliarium. Characteristic features of both the books show that the manuscripts were written on the area of the former Polish Republic (The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), thus they may only be copies of the originals brought from the Balkan region (not necessarily the Mt Athos). It is possible that Iwan Wiszeński was engaged personally in the delivery of manuscripts of this type, unpopular in Orthodox literature in the Ruthenian territory, but not of these particular ones.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2018, 14
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyrylickie ewangelie z XVI i XVII wieku ze zbiorów Biblioteki Kórnickiej
Cyrillic Gospels from the 16th and 17th centuries from the collections of the Kórnik Library
Autorzy:
Kuczyńska, Marzanna
Ivanova, Maya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Biblioteka Kórnicka PAN
Tematy:
Cyrillic Gospel
Cyrillic manuscript
Kórnik Library
Orthodox Church
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
spiritual revival
Opis:
The article describes two Cyrillic Gospels from the Kórnik Library: BK 11985 and BK 896. It presents the cultural context of their creation, as well as their history, content, illuminations and a short lexical description. Both codices were the result of a cultural and spiritual revival in the Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Both of them were luxury, professionally made goods; their copyists were experienced specialists. BK 896 represents a higher level of artistry. In view of their lexical characteristics, the manuscripts can be classified as the third so-called Mount Athos-Tyrnovo linguistic redaction of the Gospel.
Źródło:
Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej; 2020, 37; 37-52
0551-3790
Pojawia się w:
Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wypisy źródłowe do biografii polskich biskupów i opatów z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów oraz niewoli narodowej doby zaborów (XVI-XIX W.) (cz. XII)
Source extracts for the biographies of Polish bishops and abbots from the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Partitions of Poland (16th and 19th centuries). (Part XII)
Autorzy:
Prokop, Krzysztof R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-27
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
biskup
opat
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
biografia
zabory
bishop
abbot
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
biography
partitions
Opis:
The twelfth part, closing the series Source extracts, comprises three sections. The first two, entitled Monastica and Varia, bring another portion of information, taken from the archives and manuscripts, for the biographies of the representatives of the Old Polish hierarchy of the Catholic Church - bishops, abbots and abbesses. The third one is a cumulative index of the included persons, which comprises all the previous parts of Source extracts. It enables researchers to easily explore the rich and diverse material published in 2004-2013, and referring to a total of 683 characters. The index also includes the related editions on this topic, published by the same publisher in the pages of the semi-annual “Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne” – it mentions, however, only those persons who appear in the individual parts of Source extracts. A wealth of factual data, introduced into the scientific world thanks to this series, should greatly assist in further prosopographical studies on the Old Polish church elites, particularly in the often postulated development of biographical dictionaries of both bishops and abbots from the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2014, 101; 141-215
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ukraine 2014 – the End of the Second European Belle Époque
Autorzy:
Żurawski vel Grajewski, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russia
Polska
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Yanukovych
Maidan revolution
European Union
NATO
appeasement
war
Opis:
This article is devoted to the roots of the developments that have taken place in Ukraine since Autumn 2013 and up to the Russian invasion. It stresses the historical differences between Ukraine and Russia, presents the international milieu of Ukrainian independence in the years 1991–2013, and ends with a description of the nature of the Maidan revolution and the pan-European challenge created by the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The main thesis is that the struggle for Ukraine ends the post-Cold War epoch marked with an illusion of eternal peace in Europe and with the groundless hope for Russian imperialism to expire.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2016, 18, 2
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konterfekt polsko-litewskich zbliżeń w poezji Wacława Potockiego (Ogród nie plewiony, Moralia)
Autorzy:
Borkowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Waclaw Potocki
poetry
Baroque
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Wacław Potocki
poezja
barok
Opis:
The paper deals with less well-known poetry of Wacław Potocki, which concerns Polish and Lithuanian relations. The poems show the multicoloured picture of social and political tensions between the Lithuanians and the Poles. A satiric tone and the moral high ground prevail in Potocki’s poems. Stable relations between Poland and Lithuania are perceived by the writer as the key factor for safety and development of the common country. The writings sometimes present a critical attitude of the poet towards the separatist tendency of Lithuania, and they also reveal the poet’s pride in belonging to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Źródło:
Tematy i Konteksty; 2019, 14, 9; 235-245
2299-8365
Pojawia się w:
Tematy i Konteksty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Attitude of Ruthenian Magnates and Nobles toward the Union of Lublin (1569) and the Problem of the Autonomy of Ukrainian Lands within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Autorzy:
Kempa, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
magnates
nobles
Ruthenia
Ukraine
Union of Lublin
law
Orthodoxy
Polonization
Catholicization
Opis:
For a long time, historiography was dominated by a dualistic view on what had happened at the Sejm of Lublin in 1569. Thus, when describing the conclusion of the Union of Lublin, scholars focused on the Polish-Lithuanian dispute and the decisive role of King Sigismund Augustus in signing the agreement in Lublin. Recently, however, there have appeared publications highlighting the important role in the conclusion of the Lublin Union played by the Ruthenian nobility and noble representatives of the lands incorporated into the Polish Crown in 1569, that is Volhynia, eastern Podolia (Bracław Land) and the region of Kiev. The article sums up the existing knowledge on this subject, stressing the fact of the separate interests of the Ruthenian magnates, especially from Volhynia – where many well-known princely families had their family nests – in comparison to the Lithuanian magnates on the eve of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. It facilitated the decision of the Ruthenian nobles to support not only the union itself, but also the incorporation of the above-mentioned provinces into the Polish Crown. Also thanks to this attitude of the princes and noblemen of Volhynia, Bracław Land and the region of Kiev, these areas gained relatively broad autonomy allowing them to preserve their cultural identity. There is no doubt, however, that the Union of Lublin accelerated the process of Polonization of these lands to some extent, although the process had begun well before 1569. Another important event from the point of view of maintaining the cultural identity of these provinces was the conclusion of the Union of Brest (1595–1596), as a result of which – upon the decision of most Orthodox bishops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – the Kiev metropolitanate became subordinated to the Holy See. On the one hand, the majority of Ruthenian nobility from the aforementioned provinces reacted in defense of the Orthodox faith, and to some extent also of the Ruthenian region, which stimulated them to strengthen their identity. In this context, noble tribunes of Ruthenian origin, such as Adam Kisiel, and Orthodox polemic writers, such as Melecjusz Smotrycki (who later became a member of the Uniate Church), began to indicate the existence of a separate Ruthenian nation, also pointing to its different features and de facto forming the foundations of its historical tradition. Zaporizhian Cossacks, who consistently defended the Orthodox faith, also joined the process to some extent. On the other hand, in the long run, the Union of Brest led to the Catholicization of local noblemen. Most of Ruthenian nobles eventually converted to the Roman Catholic denomination. However, the fact that the Uniate Church existed might have led to the situation that at least some of the Ruthenian nobles remained in the Ruthenian cultural circle even in the 18th and 19th centuries. Meanwhile, in the 17th century the role of the Ruthenian language tended to decrease in the above-mentioned territories, as it was the case in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the second half of the 17th century the Ruthenian language ceased to be the official language for the benefit of the Polish language.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 41-72
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Verily, This Is the Sheepfold of that Good Shepherd”: The Idea of the “True” Church in Sixteenth-Century Polish Catechisms
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Church
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
catechism
religious education
Renaissance
Council of Trent
reform at Trent
Opis:
The article discusses how the authors of sixteenth-century Polish Catholic and Evangelical catechisms perceived and analysed the notion of “the Church”. Following the Tridentine programme, the Catholic authors present their Church as unified under the Pope’s authority and the only inheritor of the works of the Apostles. The veracity of its teaching is testified to with God’s unnatural interventions – miracles. Protestant theologians teach about “the visible and outward Church”, which exists whenever the pure Word of God is preached and where sacraments are administered in accordance with the Holy Writ. Alongside the Visible Church, there exists “the invisible and inward Church” that unites all those following Christ, who is the one and only head of the Church.
Źródło:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2016, 60
0029-8514
Pojawia się w:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Principle of necessitas frangit legem in the Activity and Thought of Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro
Autorzy:
Tracz-Tryniecki, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
necessitas frangit legem
law
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
prawo
Opis:
The article presents the attitude of Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro – a key statesman and political writer in the 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – toward the principle of necessitas frangit legem. At the beginning, the intellectual sources of his understanding of this principle are discussed. Two groups are referenced: one referring to the Christian legal view on necessitas and the other connected with the question of the reason of state. Then four aspects of Fredro’s thought and political activity are analyzed. Firstly, his reference to necessitas treated as the justification of the amendment of the old law. Secondly, various examples of his flexible attitude toward law. All of them express Fredro’s opinion on the key role of prudence in the process of applying law. Thirdly, the question of the infringement of law is discussed by referring to his concept of the exception from law and his reaction to Siciński’s veto. Fourthly, it is pointed how in the context of the political conflict during the 1660s Fredro adopted a much stricter attitude toward observing the law. In the end, the conclusions state that Fredro’s case is a good example of the dilemma of Polish political thought and practice of how to combine effective governance with the respect for constitutional forms.
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy stosunku Andrzeja Maksymiliana Fredry, jednego z kluczowych mężów stanu i pisarzy politycznych siedemnastowiecznej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, do zasady necessitas frangit legem. Na początku omówiono źródła intelektualne kształtujące jego rozumienie tej zasady. Wskazano na dwie grupy: związaną ze spojrzeniem chrześcijańskiej myśli prawniczej na necessitas oraz odnoszącą się do kwestii racji stanu. Analizie poddano cztery aspekty myśli i działalności Fredry. Po pierwsze, wskazano na odwołanie do necessitas jako uzasadnienia zmiany starego prawa. Po drugie, przedstawiono różne przykłady elastycznego podejścia do prawa, wyrażające opinię Fredry o kluczowej roli roztropności w procesie stosowania prawa. Po trzecie, omówiono problem naruszenia prawa, odnosząc go do Fredrowskiej koncepcji wyjątku od prawa oraz do jego reakcji na weto Sicińskiego. Po czwarte, wskazano, jak Fredro – w kontekście konfliktu politycznego lat 60. XVII w. – przyjął znacznie bardziej sztywne stanowisko wobec przestrzegania prawa. W konkluzjach stwierdzono, że przypadek Fredry stanowi dobry przykład dylematów dotyczących sposobu połączenia skutecznego rządzenia z poszanowaniem form konstytucyjno-ustrojowych, przed jakim stanęła zarówno myśl polityczna, jak i praktyka Rzeczypospolitej.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 5; 311-327
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcja marszałka sejmikowego w II połowie XVII w.
The function of the Seymik Marshall in the mid-17th century
Autorzy:
Stolicki, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/926176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
local representative assembly, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, nobility, marshal of representative assembly, Podole, Volhynian Voivodeship
Opis:
The paper discusses the function of the Seymik Marshall (which was equivalent to the English Speaker) under the reigns of Kings Michał Korybut and Jan III. The author based his analysis on the examples of assemblies convened to debate at Volhynia. The function of tha Marshall of the Seymik came to being after 1572. The significance of this function grew in the course of time but in the discussed period there was no enlargement of the Marshall’s competence despite the phenomenon of “limita” which appeared at that time. In these Seymik sources in which we find more detailed entries there may be encountered the information on both the function of Director and Marshall. The Director was the top-positioned officer of the voivodship. He commenced the debates and suggested who might be the candidate for the position of the Marshall. The Marshall presided over the Seymik. This activity was sometimes referred to as exercising the Directoriate. The formulas that were used on such occasions were, however, not always precise. Therefore, sometimes the Marshall was referred to as the Director. The difference between these two names is not detectable in the material referring to other Seymiks of the Polonia Minor.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2012, 5, 1; 51-66
2084-4115
2084-4131
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
К вопросу об источниках грамматических знаний славянского языка в среде василиан: Из истории вильнюсского университетского экземпляра грамматики Мелетия Смотрицкого 1619 года
Autorzy:
Кажуро, Инна
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1902668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Meletius Smotrytsky
Grammar
history of the book
Basilians
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Vilnius university library
Opis:
Статья посвящена истории экземпляра Грамматики Мелетия Смотрицкого 1619 г., хранящегося в Библиотеке Вильнюсского университета (шифр  хранения – Rk 337). Несмотря на то, что информация об этом экземпляре была опубликована в 1908 г., некоторые его особенности остались без внимания. Целью нового исследования является раскрытие с помощью комплексного книговедческого анализа материальных особенностей Грамматики Смотрицкого, с указанием признаков, которыми она была наделена до выхода в свет, и признаков, которые появились на вильнюсском университетском экземпляре после издания (переплет, утраты и реставрации, провениенции и маргиналии). Среди бывших владельцев экземпляра выявлены три частных лица из духовного сословия и несколько учреждений. Раскрытые факты использования Грамматики выводят к более широкому кругу вопросов, связанных с рецепцией научного наследия Смотрицкого в среде Ордена василиан Великого Княжества Литовского и Речи Посполитой. Выводы исследования могут быть полезны для нескольких исторических направлений, среди которых можно указать исследования книжной культуры XVII–XVIII в., а также текстологию литургических текстов греко-католической Церкви.
There is a copy of Meletius Smotrytsky Grammar, published in 1619 in Yev’ye (Vievis), which is kept in the Library of Vilnius university (the shelf number – Rk 337) nowadays. Despite the fact that the main information about this copy was published in 1908, some of its features were overlooked. The aim of the research is to reveal, by using methods of bibliographical analysis, all the material features of the copy of Smotrytsky Grammar before its release (the structure of the book, types, ornaments) and after it was published (bookbinding, damages and restorations, provenances and annotations). During the research several owners of this copy were identified – three clergymen (priest Grzegorz Sanocki, student of Vilnius Pontifical Seminary Procopius Hucewicz, and Basilian Samuel Nowicki) and several institutions. Procopius Hucewicz and Samuel Nowicki belonged to the Greek Catholic Church of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The newly established facts related to the use of Smotrytsky‘s Grammar by monks offer a basis for further research on the reception and impact of Smotrytsky’s scholarly legacy among the Basilians of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The findings of the study may be valuable for several historical directions; among those of note are studies of the book culture of the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as the textual scholarship of the liturgical texts of the Greek Catholic Church.
Źródło:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2021, 2, XXVI; 127-143
1427-549X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Złote łany, ziemniaczane pola i zagony buraków. Roślinny krajobraz polskiej wsi w perspektywie historii gospodarczej
Autorzy:
Piotr, Koryś,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-07-11
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polska
rye
wheat
oilseed rape
sugar beets
potatoes
economic history
nobility
peasants
Opis:
The article discusses the role of plants in Poland’s economic development over the last 500 years. The author presents the role of five plants in the history of Poland’s development: cereals (wheat and rye), potatoes, sugar beet and rape. The specificity of the economic development of modern Europe has made Poland one of Europe’s granaries and an important exporter of cereals. This shaped the civilization of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and contributed to its fall due to institutional specificity. In the 19th century, potatoes played an important role in the population development of Polish lands, as they helped feed the rapidly growing population. The spread of sugar beet cultivation created the conditions for the development of modern sugar industry in the second half of the 19th century. It became one of the first modern branches of the food industry in Poland and contributed to the modernization of the village. Quite recently, oilseed rape was to become a plant that would bring back the times of agricultural sheikhs – no longer the nobility would trade in cereals on the European markets, but entrepreneurs producing a vegetable substitute for diesel oil.
Źródło:
Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2018, 62(1 (460)); 33-43
0033-2194
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La frontera de civilizaciones desde la perspectiva colonial
The Frontier of Civilizations from the Colonial Perspective
Autorzy:
KIENIEWICZ, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/486165.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
tierra fronteriza
Mancomunidad Polaco-Lituana
Kresy
pertenencia civilizacional
frontier land
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
civilizational membership
Opis:
The article deals with the problem of civilizational belonging of the states created by people who cross the boundaries of civilization as well as the is-sue of the frontier land considered as a space created as a result of becoming aware of the strangeness of everything that remains outside our identity.
El tema del artículo abarca el problema de la pertenencia civiliza-cional de los estados creados por la gente al atravesar las fronteras de civilizaciones así como de la tierra fronteriza considerada como un espacio creado a consecuencia de tomar conciencia de la extrañeza de todo lo que permanece fuera de nuestra identidad.
Źródło:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2010, 1, 13; 75-86
1641-4713
Pojawia się w:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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