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Tytuł:
Space Defense in Europe. Policy and Security Aspects
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
space
defense
space capabilities
space security
Space Situational Awareness
Opis:
Today countries participating in space activities, share serious concerns about militarization of space. The defense of space can become an important issue in the international arena, because counteracting emerging threats will probably be associated not only with the development of technology and operational capabilities, but also with the creation of political alliances or attempts at international agreement on certain “rules of the game” for space operations. Ultimately, the growing importance of “space for defense” creates the need for “defense of space”. Individual countries remain the main actors in the field of space defense. Military strategies are defined at national level, and the development and exploitation of military space assets are managed by national organizations. Today, most European countries recognize space as a strategic area, next to land, sea, air and, increasingly, cyberspace, but they have adopted different policies and doctrines depending on their sensitivity, priorities and concerns. European space forces also have different governance structures with significant differences in the distribution of roles and responsibilities, including space agencies and private entities.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2020, 2 (49); 127-139
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Space Tourism Challenges
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
space tourism
space governance
space policy
aerospace challenges
ICAO
space business
Opis:
Space is a new destination for tourism. Today tourists can travel the world using many different modes of transportation, including road, maritime, and air. People always want to discover new destinations. Human beings strive to break borders and go beyond - even to the stars. There are new technical and commercial challenges and innovations in reaching outer space. The new transportation business of today has already experienced many ups and downs, but definitely big projects, such as traveling to the Moon or Mars remain the purview of the perennial space powers. The Author considers what kind of challenges space tourism brings (in the commercialization era) and what kind of space governance and policy is needed to make this tourism efficient. Some comparisons referring to airspace and outer space aspects, such as managerial, organizational, and legal have been made. The basic analysis made in this article indicates that the commercial space industry seeks to be new space operators, provided that they operate in a safe and secure manner according to international rules and policies. Good strategic planning and management of space is the key.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2021, 45, 2; 153-182
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Global Space Security and Counter-space Capabilities: the Legal and Political Challenges
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
space security
counterspace
space weapon
Space Situational Awareness
Opis:
This article undertakes a very sensitive issue: space security and counterspace capabilities and arms control. Those issues come under the sovereignty of each state and are strictly connected to national defense and policy. Counterspace, also known as space control, is the set of capabilities or techniques that are used to gain space superiority. Space superi-ority is the ability to use space for one`s own purposes while denying it to an adversary. These issues are so important now in the era of fast-growing state activities in space and under such a big dependence on space. Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are a subset of offensive counterspace capabilities, although the satellite itself is only one part of the system that can be attacked. That is the reason why protecting space infrastructure, in the absence of stabilized international space control cooperation and difficulties in reaching an agreement on PPWT treaty and lack of progress of international space law in this matter, is crucial by building the Space Situational Awareness system. Collaboration of states in this matter seems to be a priority.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 9; 101-120
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozyskiwanie zasobów z kosmosu – szansa czy konieczność?
Obtaining resources from space - an opportunity or a necessity?
Autorzy:
Licbarska, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32775144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja PSC
Tematy:
extraction of resources from space
space mining
space law
space policy
Opis:
At a time when the amount of natural resources on Earth is declining, the possibility of obtaining resources from space may play an important role. Private corporations use commercially the latest technologies to find an efficient way to extract raw materials from space. Therefore, there is a high probability that thanks to their application, in the near future, an economy of space resources will be created. The space can become a salvation for our civilization, although the use of its goods carries many threats and can cause many conflicts between states. The resolution of the United Nations General Assembly of 1963 regulates the issue of space resources and assumes that space and the celestial bodies are free for research and use by all states and are not subject to appropriation. However, the already established acts of international law do not seem to be sufficient for the approaching new reality. The international community faces the challenge of adjusting international law to protect the interests of states and prevent the risks associated with the distribution of goods. Naturally, the question arises whether we will be able to use space resources in a sustainable manner with such conflicting interests of states?
Źródło:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne; 2020, 2(2); 51-64
2719-9851
Pojawia się w:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New Space: The European Unions Evolving Space Policy and Changing European Space Ecosystem
Autorzy:
Erler Bayır, Özgün
Mermer Akmaz, Kevser
Aktaş, Özgür
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929516.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Space Governance
Space Policy
New Space
European Union
European Space Agency
Opis:
Throughout the years, the identity and institutional capacity of the European Union (EU) has changed. As a global actor in international politics, the EU has perceived the need for developing a comprehensive space policy perspective. This perspective has evolved by the changing dynamics of the space ecosystem i.e., “New Space”, and it is a phenomenon that consists of new business models, new technologies, new markets, new value chains, and new actors. New actors in space activities have drastically altered the dynamics of space activities. This paper aims to examine the new actors in the context of European space governance, and scrutinise the tendencies of space companies so as to develop a better understanding of the European space system. The article concludes that, being aware of the undeniable importance of space applications and the security of space systems, the EU attaches importance to catching the “New Space” trend in its governance structure and encouraging appropriate changes in the sector.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 4; 113-132
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Urban ‘tourism exploration space’: the example of Łódź
Autorzy:
Liszewski, Stanisław
Mossakowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
urban space
tourism space
urban ‘tourism exploration space’
Opis:
The author refers to the concept of ‘tourism space’ published earlier, and confronts this notion with a definition of ‘urban space’, bearing in mind that both these ‘spaces’ are subspaces of general ‘geographical space’. Assuming that each is distinguished on the basis of differing criteria, the author believes that the tourism function which gives rise to ‘tourism space’ can develop within ‘urban space’. Further on, the formulation of a precise definition of urban ‘tourism exploration space’ is focused on, which is understood as a personal space of created in the discovery of a city. The conclusion includes three case studies of urban ‘tourism exploration space’ in Łódź: Bidermann family properties, Piotrkowska courtyards and the ‘Green Ring of Tradition and Culture’.
Źródło:
Turyzm; 2009, 19, 1-2; 57-62
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International security and outer space – today’s law challenges
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
space security
Space Situational Awareness SSA
code of conduct in space
space traffic management
space debris
Opis:
Space security means safe and permanent access to space and limiting threats coming from there. This definition also includes the security aspects of man-made devices sent into space and of ground stations. Space infrastructure can be described as a network of space and ground systems connected by communication channels and allowing access to space. Today, the largest space powers have begun to consider space as an operational domain of warfare. Space more and more often appears to be a field for competition, which might become an arena of conflict. The aim of this article is to present today’s many law challenges to the security of space infrastructure, such as unintentional threats (space debris, geomagnetic and solar storms, and other random disturbances), intentional threats (ASAT anti-satellite weapons, malicious interference, and cyber-attacks), the growing problems of Earth orbit congestion, and the increasing amount of space debris from devices launched into space. The article also presents the role of international organizations (such as the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer space) in making laws that are intended to observe and react to all changes necessary in the outer space environment and to be proactive to help outer space to be safe and secure for all mankind. The conclusion is, however, not optimistic. Space security is a sensitive issue, mainly during conflicts or wars. States are not inclined to bind themselves by international law in this matter. Thus, due to the absence of hard international law (treaties), bilateral and multilateral agreements as well as the best practices from countries that organize space flights must apply. Space monitoring systems, such as the Situational Awareness System (SSA), the code of conduct in space, the UN Long Term Sustainability, or the space Traffic Management rules are legal tools to manage the above challenges in space today.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 97; 126-142
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Interparliamentary Space Conference – the way to influence the space law and policies in Poland
Autorzy:
Wontor, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899391.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
space governance
the European Interparliamentary Space Conference
space law
Opis:
The article presents the European Interparliamentary Space Conference as an interesting and effective way to collaborate on space law. It shows the path that needs to be followed to join the European Interparliamentary Space Conference. The presentation of its activities is assessed in light of the space governance concept. The European Interparliamentary Space Conference affects the creation of law by national parliaments and the legal regulations of European institutions working for space. It also affects law-making by the European Parliament and the European Commission. The article assesses the role of the European Interparliamentary Space Conference as an actor in the European space arena. It evaluates the ability of the EISC to determine a common strategy for Europe’s space activity, the shape of its space policy, and the directions of the European space industry integration. The history of Poland in the EISC is presented, and the assessment of Polish activities in the forum is characterized. Conclusions underline that the EISC is a significant actor in the space sector in Europe. Moreover, Polish participation in the activities of the ESIC should be more visible, especially at the national level.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 97; 200-213
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A methodology for calculating individual indicators of tourism activity
Autorzy:
Kyfyak, Vasyl
Kyfyak, Olexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
leisure
tourism space
recreational space
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to find modern approaches for calculating the quantity of given characteristic features and accompanying tourist services and goods purchased by tourists, to determine the number of tourists visiting a city and forecasting the volume of travel services for the future. Solutions to the tasks set out in the article have been carried out with the help of both general academic and specialist research methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, expert evaluation and extrapolation. Using the example of the city of Chernivtsi (Ukraine) the number of tourists visiting the city has been determined, the volume of services rendered and the average annual growth rate of tourism service implementation over the last five years has been calculated contributing to forecasting the volume of service delivery for the future.
Źródło:
Turyzm; 2018, 28, 1; 41-45
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Różnice w postrzeganiu przestrzeni domowej i zewnętrznej między osobami z rodzin wielodzietnych i rodzin z jedynakami
Differences in the Perception of Domestic Space and Space Outside the Home by Members of Large Families and Families with an Only Child
Autorzy:
Porębski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
youth
social space
domestic space
Opis:
This article presents a pilot study report on a sample of 21 high-school students from Krakow. The aim of the study is a preliminary determination of the way in which respondents perceive and use domestic space. A feeling of the home as important space, both common and indivisible, predominated amongst the surveyed students. Almost all respondents single out a fragment of domestic space as “their property” (their rooms, furniture - beds, desks, shelves); furthermore, they divide the space at home into that which is more important and less important. The differences in the results obtained between an only child and children from large families are more quantitative than qualitative.
Źródło:
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne; 2014, 24; 151-166
1230-2392
Pojawia się w:
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The phenomenology of tourism space
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627366.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
space
tourism
tourism space
phenomenology
Opis:
Although it is among the most frequently used notions in the study of tourism, the concept of tourism space is understood in a variety of ways. Similar to the term ‘geographical space’, it is often used intuitively, often in quite dissimilar contexts. This paper provides an analysis of the concept of ‘tourism space’ from the perspective of geography, based on a phenomenological approach.
Źródło:
Turyzm; 2014, 24, 1; 9-15
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of the perception of leisure on recreational and tourism spaces in an urban area
Autorzy:
Meyer, Beata
Niezgoda, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
leisure
tourism space
recreational space
Opis:
The purpose of the present paper is to attempt to identify relations between the changing perception of leisure and the creation of tourism and recreational spaces in urban areas. The authors focus in particular on changes associated with the so-called ‘third wave’ (TOFFLER 2001), time compression (NIEZGODA 2017), and departure from synchronization. These considerations are illustrated by an analysis of the recreational activity of Szczecin residents and of tourists, and attempt identifying the relations between recreational space and tourism space. With the constant compression of leisure time, tourism activities become more similar to the leisure activities of residents, which means both types occur in the same environment. Urban recreational and tourism spaces overlap in a way that makes it impossible to separate them, but still allows the distinction of certain sub-spaces where either tourism or recreational behavior prevails.
Źródło:
Turyzm; 2018, 28, 1; 47-52
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Politics of Space: From the Experience to the Struggle Over Urban Space
Autorzy:
Gawin, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
urban space
scattered city
politics of space
neoliberalism
public space
Opis:
The main goal of the article is to show the possibility and necessity of thinking of urban space in the political perspective. In order to do that, I present set of tools elaborated by David Harvey in his text “Space as a Key Word”. They can be used to analyze different types of space – particularly urban space – in an orderly way. I then use those tools to examine one type of urban space, which is the “scattered city”. This example and its critique allow me to link scattered cities with a certain type of politics. In the next step I show a selected range of political problems, questions, and convictions connected with urban space.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2018, 2, 3(5); 74-89
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Continuous images and other topological properties of Valdivia compacta
Autorzy:
Kalenda, Ondřej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1205183.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Corson compact space
Valdivia compact space
countably compact space
Fréchet-Urysohn space
continuous image
Opis:
We study topological properties of Valdivia compact spaces. We prove in particular that a compact Hausdorff space K is Corson provided each continuous image of K is a Valdivia compactum. This answers a question of M. Valdivia (1997). We also prove that the class of Valdivia compacta is stable with respect to arbitrary products and we give a generalization of the fact that Corson compacta are angelic.
Źródło:
Fundamenta Mathematicae; 1999, 162, 2; 181-192
0016-2736
Pojawia się w:
Fundamenta Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Préimages d’espaces héréditairement de Baire
Autorzy:
Bouziad, Ahmed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1205433.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Baire space
totally non-meagre space
Lasnev space
χ-scattered space
quasi-perfect map
Opis:
The main result is slightly more general than the following statement: Let f: X → Y be a quasi-perfect mapping, where X is a regular space and Y a Hausdorff totally non-meagre space; if X or Y is χ-scattered, or if Y is a Lasnev space, then X is totally non-meagre. In particular, the product of a compact space X and a Hausdorff regular totally non-meagre space Y which is χ-scattered or a Lasnev space, is totally non-meagre.
Źródło:
Fundamenta Mathematicae; 1997, 153, 2; 191-197
0016-2736
Pojawia się w:
Fundamenta Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some non-homogeneous Hardy spaces on locally compact Vilenkin groups
Autorzy:
Lu, Shanzhen
Yang, Dachun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965121.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Vilenkin group
dual space
Herz space
atom
Hardy space
molecule
Źródło:
Colloquium Mathematicum; 1996, 69, 1; 1-17
0010-1354
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Mathematicum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Copies of the sequence space \(\omega\) in \(F\)-lattices with applications to Musielak−Orlicz spaces
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, Marek
Wiśniewska, Halina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
F-space
F-lattice
Musielak-Orlicz space
sequence space \(\omega\)
Opis:
Let \(E\) be a fixed real function \(F\)-space, i.e., \(E\) is an order ideal in \(L_0(S,\Sigma,\mu)\) endowed with a monotone \(F\)-norm \(\|\|\) under which \(E\) is topologically complete. We prove that \(E\) contains an isomorphic (topological) copy of \(\omega\), the space of all sequences, if and only if \(E\) contains a lattice-topological copy \(W\) of \(\omega\). If \(E\) is additionally discrete, we obtain a much stronger result: \(W\) can be a projection band; in particular, \(E\) contains a~complemented copy of \(\omega\). This solves partially the open problem set recently by W. Wnuk. The property of containing a copy of \(\omega\) by a Musielak−Orlicz space is characterized as follows. (1) A sequence space \(\ell_{\Phi}\), where \(\Phi = (\varphi_n)\), contains a copy of \(\omega\) iff \(\inf_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \varphi_n (\infty) = 0\), where \(\varphi_n (\infty) = \lim_{t \to \infty} \varphi_n (t)\). (2) If the measure \(\mu\) is atomless, then \(\omega\) embeds isomorphically into \(L_{\mathcal{M}} (\mu)\) iff the function \(\mathcal{M}_{\infty}\) is positive and bounded on some set \(A\in \Sigma\) of positive and finite measure, where \(\mathcal{M}_{\infty} (s) = \lim_{n \to \infty} \mathcal{M} (n, s)\), \(s\in S\). In particular, (1)' \(\ell_\varphi\) does not contain any copy of \(\omega\), and (2)' \(L_{\varphi} (\mu)\), with \(\mu\) atomless, contains a~copy \(W\) of \(\omega\) iff \(\varphi\) is bounded, and every such copy \(W\) is uncomplemented in \(L_{\varphi} (\mu)\).
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2016, 56, 1
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzeń jako przedmiot zarządzania
Space as a Subject of Management
Autorzy:
Łaguna, T. M.
Łaguna, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
space
types of space
urbanized
forms of rights of space
Opis:
The space, apart from the indexing criteria, is a specific subject of management. The division of the area into individual parts requaires to consider legal restrictions. Those legal restrictions defines “susceptibility” or “resistivity” on reassignment. The largest amount of space which is also the most susceptible on the repurposing is agricultural space, then forestry space. Susceptibility of forestry space refers to road and rail infrustructure.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN; 2015, 257-258; 165-192
0079-3493
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“The Universe is a labyrinth made of labyrinths” Observations Made when Reading Radosław Bielawski’s Book “Potęgometryczny wymiar militaryzacji przestrzeni kosmicznej”
Autorzy:
Smuniewski, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23050977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
outer space
outer space security
outer space militarisation
Stanisław Lem
Opis:
Militarisation of outer space is a rapidly developing area of research that is one of the most urgent challenges faced nowadays by the security scholars. The article concerns scientific research made by Radosław Bielawski and presented in his book “Potęgometryczny wymiar militaryzacji przestrzeni kosmicznej” [Powermetric Dimension of Outer Space Militarisation]. The text presents the layout of the monograph and a detailed description of the research process. It also contains conclusions and prospects for future research. There are also references to the texts authored by Stanisław Lem. The paper fits into the area of research on security studies.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2023, 9, 2; 65-75
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Topological classification of strong duals to nuclear (LF)-spaces
Autorzy:
Banakh, Taras
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1206130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
dual space
nuclear (LF)-space
Montel space
direct limit
Hilbert cube
Opis:
We show that the strong dual X' to an infinite-dimensional nuclear (LF)-space is homeomorphic to one of the spaces: $ℝ^ω$, $ℝ^∞$, $Q×ℝ^∞$, $ℝ^ω×ℝ^∞$, or $(ℝ^∞)^ω$, where $ℝ^∞ = lim ℝ^n$ and $Q=[-1,1]^ω$. In particular, the Schwartz space D' of distributions is homeomorphic to $(ℝ^∞)^ω$. As a by-product of the proof we deduce that each infinite-dimensional locally convex space which is a direct limit of metrizable compacta is homeomorphic either to $ℝ^∞$ or to $Q×ℝ^∞$. In particular, the strong dual to any metrizable infinite-dimensional Montel space is homeomorphic either to $ℝ^∞$ or to $Q×ℝ^∞$.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 2000, 138, 3; 201-208
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Inevitability of Militarization of Outer Space
Autorzy:
BERNAT, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
militarization of outer space
space weapons
space corps
orbital weapons
ASAT
Opis:
At the end of the second decade of the 21st century, we witness a progressive increase of strategic importance of artificial satellites and other orbital systems, which is a consequence of the ever-accelerating development of space technologies that include weapons systems. The outer space becomes a theatre for a potential conflict. The states possessing sufficient technological potential will further develop and expand those systems, both defensive (for eliminating threats) and offensive (securing the military advantage and serving as a deterrent) to secure their current and future interests.The main argument of the paper demonstrates the necessity, from the perspective of the strong outer space sector players like the USA, Russia, China, to further develop space weapon systems and military units of space corps.
Źródło:
Safety & Defense; 2019, 5, 1; 49-54
2450-551X
Pojawia się w:
Safety & Defense
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ambiguities in Space Law as Path towards Weaponization of Space: the Case of the Outer Space Treaty. Remarks on Regulation of Weaponization of Outer Space by Space Law
Autorzy:
Stonis, Danylo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Outer Space Treaty
space law
weaponization of
space
anti-satellite weapons
Opis:
Nowadays, space management is widely recognized as an important area of global governance. The management of outer space is very complex, therefore activities of states in outer space realm are regulated by Outer Space Treaty. However, due to a number of ambiguities in the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty regarding the military use of space, loopholes for an increase in militarization and weaponization of space have emerged, thus causing serious problems with space security and affecting the sustainable use of space. Such shortcomings in the regulation of the military use of outer space by the Outer Space Treaty, including the lack of definition of certain terms and the establishment of appropriate procedures, allow the parties to freely interpret the relevant terms, and also conduct experiments in space, which contribute to the militarization and weaponization of space. Naturally this issue poses global security threat, because once the militarization or weaponization of outer space has started, it is almost impossible to reverse this process. In addition, the development of anti-satellite weapons and the dual purpose of satellites orbiting the Earth undoubtedly adds to the political and legal challenge of managing outer space. Therefore, this articles claims, that the legal regulation of outer space requires thorough revision in order to effectively address the issue of legal mechanisms in outer space.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2022, 4; 74-84
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształtowanie przestrzeni publicznych na obszarach śródmiejskich na przykładzie miasta Częstochowy
Shaping of public areas on the example of the downtown of the city of Częstochowa
Autorzy:
Sołkiewicz-Kos, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068314.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
przestrzeń publiczna
przestrzeń miejska
kształtowanie przestrzeni
Częstochowa
public space
city space
urban space
space development
Opis:
Zmieniające się warunki życia w mieście skłaniają nas do ciągłych zmian w obrębie naszego otoczenia. Poprawa jakości przestrzeni publicznej i środowiska zamieszkania ma być odpowiedzią na potrzeby społeczne dostosowane do specyfiki miejsca i lokalnych wartości. W artykule autorka porusza zagadnienia porządkowania obszarów centralnych miasta Częstochowy. Ważnym zagadnieniem jest projekt placu miejskiego oraz pozyskanie przestrzeni publicznych w postaci podwórzy i otwartych dziedzińców. Te wielokierunkowe działania mają zapewnić mieszkańcom komfort zamieszkiwania w zgodzie z historyczną przeszłością i współczesnymi tendencjami kulturowymi przestrzeni miejskiej.
The need of improving living conditions in a city makes us change our neighborhood (surroundings). The article contains issues concerning downtown areas of Częstochowa. Searching for transforming the central areas aims at improving the valuable space structure of this part of the city. Special attention is paid to areas of yards located along Saint Mary's Avenues. These interpenetrating areas have a chance to create a coherent, public zone enriching the downtown areas of the city. Multidirectional activities are to ensure the comfort of living for the inhabitants in agreement with the past and contemporary cultural trends of the city space.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo; 2014, 20 (170); 258--262
0860-7214
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cone 2-metric space nad Fixed point theorem of contractive mappings
Autorzy:
Singh, B.
Jain, Shishir
Bhagat, Prakash
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/746380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Cone 2-metric space
Fixed point
Cone metric space
2-metric space
Ordered Banach space
Opis:
In this paper we introduce cone 2-metric space and prove some fixed point theorems of a contractive mapping on a cone 2-metric space.
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2012, 52, 2
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The space of real-analytic functions has no basis
Autorzy:
Domański, Paweł
Vogt, Dietmar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1206000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
LB-space
Fréchet space
Schauder basis
Köthe sequence space
complemented subspace
space of real-analytic functions
Opis:
Let Ω be an open connected subset of $ℝ^d$. We show that the space A(Ω) of real-analytic functions on Ω has no (Schauder) basis. One of the crucial steps is to show that all metrizable complemented subspaces of A(Ω) are finite-dimensional.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 2000, 142, 2; 187-200
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 3424

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