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Wyszukujesz frazę "principle of" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Equality vs. differentiation: on solidarity and justice in social law
Autorzy:
Lach, Eryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social law
axiology of the healthcare system
principle of equality
principle of social solidarity
principle of social justice
principle of the common good
Opis:
The paper describes the question of the principle of equality in social law against the background of permissible differentiation and its justification. The author refers to the axiology of social law as an instrument of social policy by presenting the function of social law. He discusses the question of social justice as distributive justice, and defines the principle of social solidarity and the principle of the common good as the most important for the healthcare system.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 117-133
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poszukiwanie prawdy w procesie cywilnym
Looking for the truth in a legal civil proceeding
Autorzy:
Pilarczyk, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/477051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
principle of the procedural truth
principle of the objective truth
justice
Opis:
Fundamentally, it is expected that dispensation of justice guarantees a fair judgement. However, both terms -‘justice’ and ‘truth’, which are closely related to each other, are ambiguous. What is more, their common meaning strays from the legal one. At the same time, the adoption of the proper concept of truth (procedural or objective) by a legislator leads to the significant consequences in practice which have an impact on drawing conclusions and on settling a civil law dispute. This paper attempts to determine the concept of the principle of the adopted truth in the Polish civil procedure. The author analyses the development of the Code of Civil Procedure and assesses the amendments. The matter of the principle of truth in force is still a moot point among lawyers since the amendment of the Code of Civil Procedure was introduced on March 1, 1996. It was a turning point in reference to the previous accepted concept of the objective truth. Next changes, especially the latest ones, confirm the thesis about applying de lege lata the principle of the objective truth. That conclusion is the central thought of this short essay. The goal of the paper is to discuss the practical and theoretical aspects of the principle of the truth which can be recognized as the most justifiable. The author of the article tries to present advantages and disadvantages of both concepts of truth and also formulate the postulates de lege ferenda. They should provide the grounds for a detailed discussion among legal experts, and particularly among the theorists of law.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2014, 2(15); 169-180
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selection of Defendants before the ICC: Between the Principle of Opportunism and Legalism
Autorzy:
Kuczyńska, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
ICC
International Criminal Court
principle of legalism
principle of opportunism
Prosecutor
Opis:
International criminal tribunals had to make a choice between the principles of opportunism and legalism or decide to use a mixture of these both. They had to decide whether a prosecutor should become “the minister of justice” (as in the principle of legalism) or “the first judge” (evaluating in the frames of principle of opportunism the reasonable basis for prosecuting). This article addresses prosecutorial discretion before the ICC with respect to selecting defendants. Firstly, it analyzes the main differences between opportunism and legalism of prosecution. It also presents models of accusation functioning before the historical and existing international criminal tribunals – which usually opted for opportunism of prosecution. Before the ICC the conditions on which the Prosecutor may initiate an investigation are set in Art. 53(1) of the Statute: “The Prosecutor shall, having evaluated the information made available to him or her, initiate an investigation unless he or she determines that there is no reasonable basis to proceed under this Statute.” It is interesting to observe that this phrase may be interpreted in many various ways, depending on the model of accusation the author belongs to: those coming from the Anglo-Saxon tradition have tendency to search for elements of opportunism; those from civil law states assume that the model of accusation operates according to the principle of legalism. There is also a number of mixed options presented, according to which the ICC operates according to a mixture of these two principles. Finally, the article presents different rules adopted by the ICC Prosecutor (or proposed), which govern the choice of the defendants.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 187-224
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
General Principles of Law in Public International Law
Autorzy:
Saganek, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
general principle of law
general principle of international law
ICJ Statute
Opis:
This article discusses the classical question whether general principles of law form a separate source of international law. To this end it adopts the method of a posteriori analysis, examining the normative nature of various principles of law one by one. This analysis leads to the conclusion that only some principles have a normative nature, while others lack it.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 243-253
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principle of Opportunism in Criminal Law (Analysis of the Problem and De Lege Ferenda Postulates)
Autorzy:
Patora, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
principle of opportunism
principle of legality
abandonment of prosecution
limitation
costs of proceedings
Opis:
The article discusses to what extent the principle of opportunism should be used in Polish criminal law in cases where the extent of the criminal case would justify the limitation of its scope in the proceedings. However, to depart rom the principle of legality, which is binding now, it is necessary to satisfy many conditions as well as to account for the costs of the proceedings, and in many cases, to take into account limitation periods in prosecuting and judging them. It is justified to compare the prosecution and judicial authorities to other entities, despite their specific functions, in terms of effi ciency of actions and the level of a product developed. The article also presents certain solutions adopted in German criminal law to formulate de lege ferenda postulates.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 141(1); 69-93
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie projektu rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie badań klinicznych produktów leczniczych stosowanych u ludzi oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 2001/20/WE
Opinion on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use, and repealing Directive 2001/20/EC [COM (2012) 369 final]
Autorzy:
Bosek, Leszek
Olejniczak, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16728918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Constitution
clinical trials
European Union
principle of subsidiarity
principle of proportionality
conferred competences
Opis:
The purpose of the opinion is to examine thoroughly the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use. Presently, the issue of clinical trials is regulated differently in particular EU member states, due to their different legal traditions and constitutional standards. By allowing for experimentation on human beings without their knowledge or consent, the proposed regulation substantially infringes the principles of subsidiarity, proportionality and conferred competences, as well as human dignity and the right to integrity of the person guaranteed by Articles 1 and 3 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. These circumstances sufficiently justify initiation by the Polish Sejm of the procedure specified in Article 6 of Protocol 2 on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality annexed to the Lisbon Treaty.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2012, 4(36); 118-148
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gry a wzajemność
Games and reciprocity
Autorzy:
Łukaszyński, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/422577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
games
reciprocity
principle of reciprocity
Opis:
This paper presents the issue of reciprocity in the context of games. Reciprocity is one of the central problems of numerous concepts explaining social relations. It starts from the ancient principle of reciprocity (do ut des − I give that you may give) and end with contemporary theories of interactionism, theories of social exchange or the philosophy of the meeting. What is common in various concepts of games is a condition of reciprocity. The principle of reciprocity holds a prominent position in various concepts of games. There are various concepts of reciprocity and various concepts of principle of reciprocity. Regarding concepts of games, the principle of reciprocity may be expressed as the norms of the social life inducing the people to symmetrical behavior.
Źródło:
Nauki Społeczne; 2013, 2 (8); 210-226
2080-6019
Pojawia się w:
Nauki Społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principles of work of different types of underwater breathing apparatus
Autorzy:
Kłos, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
diving apparatus
principle of work
Opis:
This paper is continuation the diving apparatuses classification method (Polish Maritime Research, No 1/2008), depend on three criteria: the kind of the breathing gas, the operational depth range of the diving apparatus, and the principle of operation. There are presented principle of work particular class of apparatuses.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2008, 4; 72-84
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public Procurement Rules and the Prevention of Corruption
Zasady zamówień publicznych a zapobieganie korupcji
Autorzy:
Papierz, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29551964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
public procurement
corruption
principle of fair competition
principle of transparency
principle of openness
principle of writtenness
zamówienia publiczne
korupcja
zasada uczciwej konkurencji
zasada przejrzystości
zasada jawności
zasada pisemności
Opis:
The article points out the difficulties of defining the phenomenon of corruption, the main risks of public procurement related to the occurrence of corrupt behaviour, and the role of the proper application of public procurement rules as tools for the prevention of corruption. This is because these principles are a guide for the contracting authority on how to take certain actions during the procedure, and which ones to avoid in order to ensure that the public procurement procedure is carried out in a lawful manner and that public funds are spent in an efficient and reasonable manner. Where discretionary slack exists, this is an indicator of the proper use of the discretion left to the contracting authority. The risk of corruption in public procurement is mainly due to the fact that significant public funds are spent in the course of public procurement, and the risk of bribery or collusion in tendering exists, regardless of the stage of the procedure.
W artykule wskazuje się na trudności związane ze zdefiniowaniem zjawiska korupcji, główne zagrożenia zamówień publicznych związane z występowaniem zachowań korupcyjnych oraz na rolę właściwego stosowania zasad zamówień publicznych jako narzędzi zapobiegania korupcji. Zasady te bowiem są wskazówką dla zamawiającego, jak podejmować pewne działania w trakcie postępowania, a jakich unikać, aby postępowanie o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego przebiegło w sposób zgodny z prawem, a środki publiczne zostały wydane w sposób efektywny i rozsądny. W przypadku występowania luzów decyzyjnych są wskaźnikiem właściwego wykorzystania pozostawionej zamawiającemu swobody podjęcia decyzji. Zagrożenie korupcją w zamówieniach publicznych wynika głównie z faktu wydatkowania w ich trakcie znacznych środków publicznych, a ryzyko wystąpienia przekupstwa czy zmowy przetargowej istnieje niezależnie od etapu prowadzonego postępowania.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2024, 1; 10-19
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaczenie uzasadnień filozoficzno-etycznych dla koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju
The importance of philosophical and ethical justification for the concept of a sustainable development
Autorzy:
Klimska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/452477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Naukowe Towarzystwo Tomistyczne
Tematy:
zrównoważony rozwój
filozofia rozwoju
zasada sprawiedliwości
zasada odpowiedzialności
zasada umiarkowania
zasada dobra wspólnego
zasada złotego środka
sustainable development
philosophy of development
principle of justice
principle of responsibility
principle of moderation
principle of common good
principle of golden mean
Opis:
Article is an attempt of showing legitimacy of philosophical and ethical consideration on the concept of a sustainable development. Starting from the assumptions of philosophy of development, it presents philosophical and ethical aspects of this idea. The main part of the article focuses on philosophical issue of principles of sustainable development.
Źródło:
Rocznik Tomistyczny; 2014, 3; 173-185
2300-1976
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Tomistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada pomocniczości w prawie publicznym Włoch
The principle of subsidiarity in the Italian public law
Autorzy:
Kruczkowski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
principle of subsidiarity
public law
administrative law
principle of decenrtalisation
Italy
Italian Republic
Opis:
The article is an attempt to capture the principle of subsidiarity in the Italian public law. In contrast to polish solutions the principle of subsidiarity does not comprise general principle of law. In the article this principle is being reconstructed primarily by the principle of decentralization and also it is presented in limited range, in which it is convened by constitution and normal legislation. Nevertheless the author, regarding to the specifications of Italian institutional solutions, is arguing its existence and functioning in public low of Italian Republic. Owing to the fact the article include also comparative legal values.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 1(41); 48-62
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wzajemność i wdzięczność
Reciprocity and gratitude
Autorzy:
Łukaszyński, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/533372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
reciprocity
principle of reciprocity
gratitude
Opis:
This paper presents the issue of reciprocity in the context of gratitude. The rule of reciprocity basing on the psychological and social compulsion of giving and receiving gifts and services is one of the most important and permanent regulators of social, economic and political life. There are various concepts of reciprocity. It starts from the ancient principle of reciprocity (do ut des − I give that you may give) and ends with contemporary theories of interactionism, theories of social exchange or the philosophy of meeting. Regarding the concepts of gratitude, the rule of reciprocity may be expressed as the norms of social life inducing people to symmetrical behavior. The author points some of its factors.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia; 2015, 1(3); 134-151
2353-8937
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The criminal liability of the medical team considering the recent orientation of the Italian Court of Cassation
Autorzy:
Furramani, Emanuela
Bushati, Rrezart
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
medical team
medical liability
the principle of reasonable confidence
the principle of individual criminal responsibility
Opis:
This article aims to analyze the thematic of medical team liability considering the recent Italian Supreme Court case-law, highlighting the various problems linked to the identification of the responsibility of each member of the team. The participation of several subjects in the execution of medical treatment makes the question of criminal liability very complex, especially when it comes to inauspicious events, such as injuries or death, occurring during medical treatment. The question concerns the exact identification of the duty of care and vigilance of the medical team and whether this duty is in line with the principle of individual criminal responsibility guaranteed by Article 27 of the Italian Constitution. In this regard, the case-law has elaborated the so-called “principle of reasonable confidence”, according to which the division of labour that belongs to each member should involve a delimitation of his responsibility, limited only to what is within his competence, except in case of the person who organizes, directs, and controls the team. Precisely, based on this principle, the Italian Supreme Court in 2018 reasserted that in the medical team is necessary to identify the role played by each member, thus avoiding resorting to objective responsibility.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2022, 13, 25; 214-225
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przepisy dotyczące problematyki opodatkowania w konstytucjach państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Brzeziński, Bogumił
Wilmanowicz-Słupczewska, Martyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Constitution
European Union
constitutional rules
principle of exclusivity of the act
principle of non-retroactivity of the law
Opis:
Nowadays, the constitution is the fundamental legislative act determining social relations, which lays down, inter alia, the principles of the state’s system, the scope and scale of the state interference in social relations and the rights and obligations of its citizens. The latter also include rights and obligations regarding taxation: the principles of imposing tax obligations and taxation limits, on the one hand, and measures for protecting taxpayers’ rights, on the other. A tax matter is generally considered to be a matter that is explicitly or implicitly governed by constitutional rules. The subject of the in-depth analysis are the diverse tax issues provided for in the constitutional provisions of the European Union Member States. The way in which taxation matters are ‘described’ in those states’ constitutions is an interesting and hitherto insufficiently analysed topic.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 94; 9-26
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The juridical nature of the European Court of Justice and the principles of its activity
Autorzy:
Hasneziri, Vilma
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
european integration
juridical nature of the european court of justice
the principle of legality
the principle of proportionality and subsidiarity and the principle of respecting the human rights
Opis:
The European Union is a reality closer and closer for Albania as well. The status Albania obtained as a candidate country, not only means a step forward towards the European Union, but it also sets forth a number of challenges to be solved such as, freedom, property, democracy, human rights, the fight against organized crime and corruption etc. Under these circumstances, the analysis of the issues that have to do with the European Union is of a great importance, as in the near future, Albania is designated to join the great European family. The scope of this work is to analyze tow important aspects that have to do with one of the most important institutions of the European Union, such as the European Court of Justice. The first aspect of this work, which is also its first subject, refers to the juridical nature of the European Court of Justice. Analyzing this topic, we shall see that this Court, as per its nature, contains elements of different courts, thus, presenting similarities with the Constitutional Courts of Member States, civil courts, criminal courts, administrative and labour courts and with other international courts as well. However, despite the similarities it presents with other courts, the European Court of Justice is a court of a special kind, “sui generis”, exactly as the European Union is, thus, an organization of a special kind. The second aspect of this paper, which is also its second issue, analyses the fundamental principles where the European Court of Justice bases its activity. The most important principles are that of equality and non discrimination, the principle of protecting and guaranteeing the human rights, the principle of access before the court or the right to address the court, the principle of legality as well as the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity. In this work, especially in the second part, there shall be presented several decisions of the European Court of Justice as well, that have to do with its interpretation on the dispositions of the establishing Treaties as well as the analysis of the above mentioned principles. At the end of this work, there will be given its conclusions as well as the bibliography where it is based on.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2015, 12; 207-225
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomocniczość jako zasada przyznawania świadczeń z systemu pomocy społecznej. Perspektywa pedagogiczna
The Subsidiarity as the Principle of Granting Benefits from the System of the Welfare. A Pedagogic Prospect
Autorzy:
Regulska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1418469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
principle of subsidiarity
welfare
family
support
Opis:
In our times by design a subsidiarity to which many fields of study are appealing, is fundamentals of the social order especially from the field of the social science and legal. On land of pedagogy categories of the subsidiarity and the help were also developed, their theoretical assumptions along with the practical implications. This notion was settled not only in the context of pedagogy, but also the social policy adjusting tasks and functioning of the system of the welfare. Exactly a subsidiarity understood as the prevention is nature of the contemporary welfare, and in the time withdrawal of situations justifying using from the welfare, supporting persons and families in efforts aiming at satisfying the essential needs and enables them to live in conditions suiting the human dignity. Therefore the kind, the form and the size of benefits should be suitable for the difficult situation of the practical person or the family which is justify-ing providing assistance.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2020, 22, 4; 469-479
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aristoteles über die Psyche als Prinzip und Ursache des Lebens
Psyche as the Principle and Cause of Life in Aristotle
Autorzy:
Meyer, Martin F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/938410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
biology
psychē
principle of life
life functions
Opis:
Biology is the most extensive field in the Corpus Aristotelicum. In his fundamental work De anima, Aristotle tries to fix the borders of this life science. The term ψυχή has a twofold explanatory status. On the one hand, ψυχή is understood as a principle of all living beings. On the other hand, it is understood as a cause of the fact that all living beings are alive. The paper is divided into three sections. (1) The first part shows why Aristotle discusses these issues in a work entitled Περὶ ψυχῆς. Since Pythagoras and Heraclitus, ψυχή was understood as a life principle: Pythagoras believed that men, animals and plants share the same nature: they are all ἔμψυχα and they are homogenous qua ψυχή. (2) The second part of this article deals with Aristotle’s definition of the soul in DA II: ψυχή is the principle of all living things. This establishes (i) the external criteria to divide living and non-living beings and (ii) the internal criteria to divide living beings. (3) The third part of this paper is concerned with the methodological consequences of this definition: the life functions (δυνάμεις τῆς ψυχῆς) are the central explanandum in Aristotle’s biology. De anima II defines such various life-functions as nourishment, sense-perception and locomotion. These capacities contour the main fields of the philosopher’s biological investigation. For Aristotle, the faculty of reproduction is a subtype of nourishment. Reproduction is the most important and most natural function of all living beings. Genetics is, therefore, the most important field in Aristotle’s biology.
Źródło:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua; 2012, 3, 1; 115-142
2082-7539
Pojawia się w:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Discrete homing problems
Autorzy:
Lefebvre, M.
Kounta, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
optimal control
principle of optimality
absorption problems
Opis:
We consider the so-called homing problem for discrete-time Markov chains. The aim is to optimally control the Markov chain until it hits a given boundary. Depending on a parameter in the cost function, the optimizer either wants to maximize or minimize the time spent by the controlled process in the continuation region. Particular problems are considered and solved explicitly. Both the optimal control and the value function are obtained.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2013, 23, 1; 5-18
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Systematicity of General Principles of (International) Law – An Outline
Autorzy:
Kozłowski, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
general principle of international law
general principle of law
limits of international law
systematicity of international legal order
Opis:
International law reflects systemic conditions compatible with its essence, which means that a space must exist inside the borders of that order for the presence of the phenomenon of general principles. The assumption that international law is a legal system ipso facto means that general principles must exist within its borders. A general principle of law is a necessary element of every legal order. It is a form and a tool in which the efforts of the individual seeking to comprehend a given phenomenon are materialized through imposing order on it rather than by breaking it down into unconnected and independent elements. Since law is an expression of order, law therefore applies general principles. The systematicity of law, and therefore of international law as well, creates the primary source of the binding force of any norm. Considerations of natural law or positive law justifications for the presence of general principles in international law are of little consequence, as the source of general principles is the systemic nature of the law. Order and hierarchy are part of the rationalized system in which norms of law present themselves. This dependency applies also to norms of international law. The role of the judge is to fill in the appropriate normative content (general principles) in fields constituting at one and the same time both a necessary element and a consequence of the systemic character of the international legal order. Within this context the principle of good faith constitutes one of the bases for considerations concerning the extent of the international legal order. The extent of international law reaches as far as the extent to which evidence of good faith are present among the subjects of international law. The impossibility of describing relations between two states by the use of the determinants of good faith, translated in turn into a normative general principle, determinates the limits of international law.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 225-234
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WARTOŚĆ GODZIWA A ZASADA WIARYGODNOŚCI SPRAWOZDAŃ FINANSOWYCH
Fair value vs. the principle of credibility of financial sta-tements
Autorzy:
Król, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
the principle of credibility of financial statements
fair value
Opis:
One of the new and fundamental paradigms of International Accounting Standards is to use the valuation balance sheet at fair value, wherever this valuation may give the nature of forecast to financial reports. Fair value, in contrast to the historical purchase price, reflects the future economic benefits that the owner of the asset reaches under its ownership. The main objective of this article is to attempt to assess the fair value from the viewpoint of the overriding accounting principles and its impact on the entities’ information system. This article attempts to answer the question of the extent to which fair value measurement enables the users of financial statements to assess the situation due to financial-asset entity because of the fact that fair values are on the grounds of estimates based on certain assumptions. Accounting as a key element of the financial system should ensure that its data presented are reliable, accurate and trustworthy.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2015, 1(22); 78-90
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zadania samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie prawnej ochrony powierzchni ziemi
Local government tasks in the range of legal soil protection
Autorzy:
Król, Monika A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2123304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
local government tasks
soil protection
agricultural and forest land protection
principle of subsidiarity
principle of public interest
Opis:
The soil, and in particular agricultural and forest land, is the basic natural resource, conditioning all other existing resources. Protection of that resource and its functions has been delegated to both government and local government authorities. The aim of this research is to analyze tasks and competences entrusted to local government units in solving issues related to soil protection and identifing and evaluating the adopted criteria for protective tasks division between three levels of the local government.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2018, 16; 91-115
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principle of pithiness in US prison slang
Autorzy:
Dziedzic-Rawska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/605970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
prison slang
principle of pithiness
metaphor
metonymy
Opis:
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
The present paper introduces ‘the principle of pithiness’ in US prison slang, which assumes that, in order to communicate successfully, prisoners need to use language that is terse and vigorously expressive. Such function is served by figurative language as it is rich in meaning, emotional content, and, simultaneously, is economical in form. Using prison-specific metaphors and metonymies, prisoners provide new quality: without the thorough study of the prison context prison slang is esoteric to the outsider. Therefore, the paper is also a voice for integrating linguistic analysis with that of the context (cf. Kövecses 2015).
Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.
Źródło:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature; 2017, 41, 2
0137-4699
Pojawia się w:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inkontrologiczna koncepcja wzajemności
Autorzy:
Łukaszyński, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/422615.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Andrzej Nowicki
incontrology
reciprocity
principle of reciprocity
Opis:
This paper presents the issue of reciprocity in the context of Andrzej Nowicki’s incontrology. Reciprocity is one of the central problems of numerous concepts explaining social relations. It starts from the ancient principle of reciprocity (do ut des − I give that you may give) and end with contemporary theories of interactionism, theories of social exchange or the philosophy of the meeting. In the theory of social exchange reciprocity pertains to exchange. In the philosophy of the meeting this is not the case for reciprocity. Reciprocity does not signify exchange. What is common in various versions of the philosophy of the meeting is a restrictive condition of current reciprocity consisting in mutual and permanent transformation of personalities in people meeting each other. By creating his own concept of the philosophy of the meeting, namely incontrology, Andrzej Nowicki became one of many eminent thinkers focused on reciprocity. Andrzej Nowicki discovered the value of reciprocity, as a historian of philosophy in philosophies developed by Giordano Bruno, Julio Cesare Vanini or Girolamo Fracastoro and others. The author of incontrology discerned the importance of the notion of reciprocity for Władysław Witwicki’s theory of kratyzm. He used this theory to create his own division of meetings with a portrait. Though Andrzej Nowicki was not involved in studies on the principle of reciprocity, it holds a prominent position in incontrology. Its positive version (Bronisław Malinowski’s do ut des) may be expressed in the following manner: I create so that you might create, too. “Whenever I take the risk of ridiculousness,” admits the originator of incontrology, “I write about myself and my achievements. I do so in order to spur ambition in my disciples and readers [...]. Try it and you might be able to do something like this as well if you want”.67 For Andrzej Nowicki the most important value is culture, the creator of which is a human being, a co-originator existing in objects created by him (works) and in other people’s minds. A human being exists in mutual relations between the authors, artists and audience of high culture.
Źródło:
Nauki Społeczne; 2013, 1(7); 112-131
2080-6019
Pojawia się w:
Nauki Społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Principle of a Single Estate and Its Role in Delimiting the Applicable Laws
Autorzy:
Pacuła, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-29
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
EU Succession Regulation
principle of unity of succession
characterisation (classification)
Opis:
This paper argues that the principle of unity of succession is one of the key concepts of the Succession Regulation. By operation of this principle on the jurisdictional level, the Regulation tends to favor a perspective of a single Member State when it comes to all issues related to succession. The principle of unity of succession does not of course eliminate the need to proceed to the characterization and to delimitate the scopes of conflict of laws rules at stake. However, this principle — aiming to promote a unitary vision of a single estate in all the Member States bound by the Regulation — sets a tone for some interpretative techniques that tend to favor succession-related characterization of the issues having some importance in the context of succession with cross-border implications. According to the Author, effet utile-driven characterization, on the one hand, and succession-friendly characterization of the issues falling within ‘gray areas’ created by the operation of Article 1(2) of the Succession Regulation, on the other hand, are among them.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego; 2020, 26; 107-123
1896-7604
2353-9852
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada demokracji w Konstytucji weimarskiej
The principle of democracy in Weimarian constitution
Autorzy:
Bożek, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Weimarian constitution
German constitutionalism
principle of democracy
constitution
monarchical principle
Opis:
Up to the end of the World War I, the foundation of German constitutionalism was the monarchical principle. For many 19th‑ century state and law theoreticians in Germany this principle was indeed synonymous to constitutionalism. Constitutionalism itself, in turn, was commonly identified with the contemporary monarchical system of German countries. On the other hand, the foundation of the constitution enacted in August 1919 in Weimar was the principle of democracy, which was set out in the Art. 1 of the constitution as the principle of the sovereignty of the nation. The principle of democracy took a specific form in the Weimarian constitution, combining direct democracy with representative democracy. The elements of the direct democracy were people’s initiative and referendum. The representative democracy, on the other hand, was realized by means of citizen rights with regard to the election of deputies to the Reichstag and the president of the German Reich. Due to the lack of appropriate democratic traditions and a complex social and political situation of the Weimar Republic, the democracy did not gain a foothold in Germany. Neither the mechanisms of direct democracy nor the ones of representative democracy passed muster with the voters. The referendum was held twice, however due to the low electoral turnout it was not valid. Also, the presidential election was conducted twice, and it was won by the opponent of parliamentary democracy, the marshal Paul von Hindenburg. In contrast, the results of parliamentary elections usually resulted in the political split of Reichstag. Yet, up to the beginning of 1930s new governments managed to be set up, which were supported by the parliamentary majority. In the final years of the Weimar Republic, however, such a possibility did not exist. A habit was formed of convening the so‑ called presidential cabinets. These were the governments convened by the President which took advantage of his support, and their activity was enabled by the President’s emergency powers specified by the Art.48, par. 2 of the constitution. It turned out that the actual demise of Weimarian democracy was the takeover of the government by Adolf Hitler in January 1933 as a consequence of the electoral success of his Nazi Party.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2017, 10; 61-82
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie projektu dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie zbiorowego zarządzania prawami autorskimi i prawami pokrewnymi oraz udzielania licencji wieloterytorialnych dotyczących praw do utworów muzycznych na potrzeby ich wykorzystania na internetowym polu eksploatacji na rynku wewnętrznym
Opinion the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on collective management of copyright and related rights and multi-territorial licensing of rights in musical works for online uses in the internal market [COM(2012) 372 final]
Autorzy:
Bosek, Leszek
Grzelak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16728927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Constitution
directive
principle of subsidiarity
multi-territorial licensing
Opis:
In the authors’ view, the proposed directive infringes the principle of subsidiarity and does not deserve support at the Council of European Union. The proposal applies to organizations and relationships of both trans-border and strictly national nature, irrespective of the sector in which the collective societies operate, or whether they are engaged in multi-territorial licensing. According to the authors’ conclusions, the European Commission did not prove that EU Member States, acting independently or cooperating among themselves, cannot achieve the objectives specified in the proposal. An analysis of current Polish legal provisions and their evolution shows that achievement of those objectives is not only possible as a result of measures taken at the national level, but in fact those objectives have been to a considerable degree achieved.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2012, 4(36); 159-178
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idea sprawiedliwości społecznej w kontekście procesu globalizacji
The Idea of Social Justice in the Context of the Process of Globalization
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
social justice
globalization
principle of solidarity
common good
Opis:
The subject of social justice are groups or whole societies – also states, object of this justice are their mutual rights and common good. The process of economic and technological globalization means among other things: establishment of the world market, predominant role of international companies, centralization of leading elites’ decisions, financial disproportion between individual people and countries. In the teaching of contemporary popes (John XXIII’s, Paul VI’s, John Paul II’s) the idea of social justice has also international dimension and therefore process of economic globalization ought to respect two principles of the Church’s social teaching: the principle of the subsidiarity and the principle of solidarity. The principle of the subsidiarity demands to respect subjectivity of all nations and states as well as to aid their integral development. The principle of solidarity postulates creation of common good of world society, this good are: peace, economic prosperity, commerce profitable for all states, cooperation and financial help of rich countries for underdeveloped countries. The social justice in the international dimension is the expression and the imperative of solidarity of all nations and states.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Has the acceptance of the equality and freedom principles increased over 15 years? A comparative analysis of attitudes among students
Autorzy:
Czerniawska, Mirosława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
attitudes
democracy
the principle of equality and freedom
Opis:
The publication deals with the description of attitudes towards the democratic principles of equality and freedom among students. The survey was conducted four times in five-year time intervals (2003, 2008, 2013, 2018). Samples had 325, 379, 368, and 371 respondents respectively. The author speculated that the advancement of the transformation is accompanied by growth of the acceptance of pro-democratic attitudes among students, namely the wider acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom. The attitudes were diagnosed using nine pairs of statements (these include both original statements and statements adopted from literature). The hypothesis was not confirmed. The acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom has not increased in consecutive surveys and for many statements the acceptance has decreased.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2020, 17, 1; 95-115
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada pomocniczości jako wyznacznik roli prawotwórczej samorządu terytorialnego
Autorzy:
Mijal, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/523772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
prawo miejscowe
zasada subsydiarności
zasada decentralizacji
samorząd terytorialny
local law
the principle of subsidiarity
the principle of decentralization
local government
Opis:
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnień związanych ze stanowieniem aktów prawa miejscowego, które powinny być wydawane przez organy samorządu terytorialnego z uwzględnieniem zasady pomocniczości i decentralizacji. Zasady te – wynikające zarówno z konstytucji, jak i aktów prawa międzynarodowego – powinny być brane pod uwagę w procesie wydawania prawa miejscowego. Obowiązujące przepisy nie w pełni umożliwiają wdrożenie przedmiotowych zasad w procesie stanowienia lokalnych aktów prawotwórczych. W związku z tym istnieje potrzeba dokonania zmian legislacyjnych, które doprowadzą do pełnego urzeczywistnienia zasady pomocniczości w procesie wydawania aktów prawa miejscowego. Obecnie organy samorządu terytorialnego mają zbyt mało swobody w zakresie tworzenia lokalnych aktów prawotwórczych. Jest ona ograniczana przez władzę ustawodawczą, która każdorazowo określa zakres swobody prawodawczej organu samorządu w ramach delegacji ustawowej. Istnieje zatem potrzeba wprowadzenia zmian w tym zakresie, zmierzająca do zwiększenia kompetencji organów samorządu terytorialnego, które wówczas w większym stopniu będą mogły realizować potrzeby społeczności lokalnej.
The article concerns the regulation of the local legislation. Local government should create legislative acts with the principle of subsidiarity and decentralization. These principles – resulting from the Constitution and acts of international law – should be taken into account when structuring the adoption of the local law. Existing regulations do not fully implement these principles. Therefore, there are a few need for legislative changes that will lead to the full implementation of the principle of subsidiarity. Currently, the local government authorities have too little freedom in making local law. It is limited by the legislative authority, which acts always defines the scope of freedom. This should be changed to increase the competence of the local government, which to a greater extent will realize the needs of the local community.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2014, 2 (18); 215-231
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal Nature of the Time Limit in the Verification Proceedings of Article 307 of the Act of June 6, 1997 - Code of Criminal Procedure. Legal Analysis
Autorzy:
Sędziński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45262086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-14
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
examination proceedings
examination activities
time limit
preclusionary period
instructional period
firm deadline
principle of substantive truth
principle of speed of proceeding
Opis:
This article raises the legal nature of the time limit for determining the duration of the verification procedure. An attempt was made to determine whether the 30-day time limit set out in Article 307 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is an instructional term or rather a firm one with negative legal consequences. The legal analysis covered the issue of the distinction of time limits in the Polish criminal procedure. The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure list a number of time-limits which can be classified as intricacies, pre-inclusive and instructional. However, it is also not difficult to find terms that do not fall into any of these categories. This article therefore proposes the allocation of procedural time limits to address the issue of the classification of code terms. The considerations in this regard have also contributed to determining the legal nature of the time-limit of Article 307 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The article also addresses the issue of the collision of the main procedural principles, which include the principle of efficiency and speed of criminal proceedings and the rule of establishing substantive truth.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 148(4); 200-216
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europejski charakter sądu krajowego
The European Character of the National Court
Autorzy:
Krzysztofik, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
zasada efektywności
zasada efektywnej ochrony prawnej
zasada pierwszeństwa
zasada bezpośredniego skutku i bezpośredniego stosowania
wykładnia prounijna
autonomia proceduralna
pytanie prejudycjalne
principle of effectiveness
principle of effective legal protection
principle of
primacy
principle of direct effect and direct applicability
pro-eu interpretation
procedural autonomy
preliminary ruling
Opis:
The aim of this article is to demonstrate the European character of a national court which, by ruling on the basis of EU law, becomes an EU court. The following premises confirm it. Firstly, it is an element of the EU justice system and, together with the CJEU, is obligated to guarantee the effectiveness of EU law. In carrying out the entrusted task, it follows the principles defining the EU legal system: the principle of primacy and the principle of direct effect and direct application, which serve to implement the meta-principle of effectiveness of EU law. However, they do apply to acts that have direct effect. In other cases, the domestic court uses a pro-EU interpretation, i.e. reinterprets the norms of national law in the light of the purpose and effect of EU law. In de facto transferring the indicated obligations to the national ground, the national court applies national procedural rules, and at the same time adjusts their effectiveness to the needs of EU law. In performing the above-mentioned duties, national courts were granted the right to refer questions for preliminary ruling to the CJEU.
Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest wykazanie europejskiego charakteru sądu krajowego, który orzekając na podstawie prawa unijnego staje się sądem unijnym. Przemawiają za nim następujące przesłanki. Po pierwsze jest on elementem unijnego wymiaru sprawiedliwości i łącznie z TSUE zobowiązany jest do zagwarantowania efektywności prawa unijnego. Realizując powierzone zadanie kieruje się zasadami definiującymi unijny system prawny: zasadą prymatu, bezpośredniego skutku i bezpośredniego stosowania, które służą urzeczywistnieniu metazasady efektywności prawa unijnego. Jednakże stosowane są one do aktów posiadających bezpośredni skutek. W pozostałych przypadkach sąd krajowych wykorzystuje wykładnię prounijną, czyli dokonuje reinterpretacji norm prawa krajowego w świetle celu i skutku prawa unijnego. Przenosząc de facto wskazane obowiązki na grunt krajowy sąd krajowy stosuje krajowe przepisy proceduralne dostosowując jednocześnie i ich skuteczność do potrzeb prawa unijnego. Wykonując wskazane obowiązki sądy krajowe wyposażone zostały w prawo do kierowania pytań prejudycjalnych do TS.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 6(70); 51-62
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Krytyka prawa przez autorów tekstów prasowych w kontekście zasady demokratycznego państwa prawnego
Criticism of law by the press in the context of the principle of the rule of law
Autorzy:
Gmerek, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1596377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
principle of the rule of law
principle of proper legislation
criticism of law
krytyka prawa
zasada demokratycznego państwa prawnego
zasada poprawnej legislacji
Opis:
Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza zjawiska krytyki prawa przez autorów tekstów prasowych. Zagadnienie zostało omówione w kontekście jednej z zasad współtworzących zasadę demokratycznego państwa prawnego – zasady poprawnej legislacji. Punktem wyjścia analizy materiału empirycznego jest charakterystyka zasady poprawnej legislacji jako zasady prawa w ujęciu systemowym oraz zasady demokratycznego państwa prawnego, z której zasada poprawnej legislacji (jak szereg innych norm-zasad) została wyinterpretowana.
The main purpose of this article is to show certain aspects of the phenomenon of the criticism of law bythe press (by journalists and other authors). This issue is discussed in the contextof one of the norm-principles of law co-creatingthe principle of the rule of law – the principle of proper legislation. The legislative process in a democratic state is determined by legal norms. Some of them are thenorm-principles of law (principles of law in a directive sense)which collectively makeup the principleof proper legislation. This norm-principle of lawsets certain obligations for the legislator. The way in which the lawmaker fulfills them is subjected to criticism by the press.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2016, 14, 2; 75-87
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sędziowskie kierownictwo postępowaniem dowodowym przed sądem pierwszej instancji: system polski – system belgijski
Autorzy:
Manowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1337680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
sędziowskie kierownictwo
postępowanie dowodowe
zasada dyspozycyjności
zasada kontradyktoryjności
zasada koncentracji materiału dowodowego
nadużycie prawa procesowego
judicial management
evidence hearing
principle of free exercise of rights
principle of adversariness
principle of evidence concentration
misuse of procedural law
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi porównanie wybranych aspektów sędziowskiego kierownictwa postępowaniem dowodowym przed sądem pierwszej instancji w polskim i belgijskim systemie prawa procesowego. Opracowanie porusza problematykę zapewnienia przez sędziego sprawnego kierowania postępowaniem dowodowym, które należy do jednej z naczelnych zasad postępowania cywilnego w obu omawianych systemach. Wiodąca rola sądu w prowadzeniu postępowania dowodowego przejawia się w nadzorowaniu prawidłowości zgłaszanych przez strony dowodów, weryfikacji ich pod kątem dopuszczalności i przydatności, w interpretacji i ocenie przedstawionych dowodów, a wreszcie – w możliwości podejmowania w tym zakresie działań z urzędu. Zarówno w polskiej, jak i belgijskiej procedurze cywilnej obowiązek prezentowania materiału dowodowego spoczywa na stronach, jednak to sąd, będąc zarządcą postępowania dowodowego, czuwa jednocześnie nad przestrzeganiem w procesie cywilnym zasad dyspozycyjności, kontradyktoryjności oraz koncentracji materiału dowodowego. Przewidziana w obu systemach prawnych możliwość dopuszczania dowodów z urzędu, w systemie belgijskim doznaje pewnych, wyrażonych wprost w przepisach, ograniczeń. W systemie polskim natomiast bardziej sformalizowany charakter nadano aktywności stron w przedstawianiu dowodów. Zasadnicze różnice występują także w zakresie nadużycia prawa procesowego. Choć instytucja ta w obu krajach doczekała się definicji ustawowej, obwarowana jest sankcją grzywny oraz nakłada na sąd zbliżone obowiązki względem stron postępowania, to w Polsce – w przeciwieństwie do systemu belgijskiego – nie przewidziano możliwości dochodzenia w tym samym postępowaniu odszkodowania z tytułu nadużycia prawa procesowego przez przeciwnika.
The article presents a comparison of selected aspects of the judicial management of evidence hearing before a court of first instance in the Polish and Belgian systems of procedural law. It discusses the issue of ensuring the efficient management of evidence hearing, which is one of the major principles of civil proceedings in both discussed legal systems. The main role of the court in evidence hearing consists in supervising whether evidence reported by the parties is appropriate, verifying its admissibility and usefulness, interpreting and evaluating this evidence, and finally, in the possibility of taking steps ex officio in this respect. In both the Polish and Belgian civil procedure, the burden of proof is on the parties; however, it is the court that, being the manager of evidence hearing, also safeguards adherence to the principles of free exercise of rights, adversariness, and evidence concentration in a lawsuit. The possibility of admitting evidence ex officio, which is laid down in both legal systems, is to some extent limited in the Belgian one, which is directly expressed in the provisions. On the other hand, parties’ activity in the field of evidence presentation is more formalised in the Polish system. There are also major differences with respect to the misuse of procedural law. Although it has been statutorily defined in both countries, carries the penalty of a fine and imposes similar obligations on the court towards the parties to a lawsuit, in Poland, unlike in the Belgian system, there is no possibility of claiming compensation for the procedural law misuse by an opponent within the same proceedings.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2020, 14, 4; 17-46
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Klausa Michaela Meyer-Abicha teoria odpowiedzialności
The Klaus Michael Meyer-Abich theory of responsibility
Autorzy:
Selmaj-Pomaska, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/470613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
principle of responsibilities
environmental ethics
practical philosophy of nature
Opis:
This article presents the K. M. Meyer-Abich theory of responsibility. It discusses the essence of human responsibility as it arises especially at times of ecological crises. The circle of responsibility should be so wide as to prevent anything from existing merely for the sake of human needs. K. M. Meyer-Abich’s theory focuses on eight periods of human development, which correspond to eight circles of responsibility referring to eight ethical conceptions. Throughout human history, we can see how the scope of responsibility has been increasing to fall upon more and more entities. The extension of the circle of responsibility moved from the individual to include family and friends, the nation, all peoples of the world, and humanity as a whole, including future generations. The final step was to look beyond the boundaries of humanity to include all life forms.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2013, 11, 3; 29-49
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Few aspects regarding the supremacy of the Romanian Constitution
Autorzy:
Puran, Andra
Andreescu, Marius
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1201107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Constitution
supremacy
principle of law
Constitutional Court of Romania
Opis:
The scientific basis of the supremacy of the Constitution is an important issue of the practice and theory of constitutionality. This preoccupation is related to the role of the Constitution in the normative system, in the hierarchization of the norms, as well as to the place of the constitutional law in the legal system. The supremacy of Constitution has as main consequence the compliance of entire law with the constitutional norms. Guaranteeing of the observance of this principle is essential for the rule of law, is primarily an attribute of the Constitutional Court of Romania, but also an obligation of the legislator to receive by texts adopted, within its content and form, the constitutional norms.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2020, 1(26); 79-87
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Praktyczne aspekty przekształcenia przedsiębiorcy w spółkę kapitałową w najnowszym orzecznictwie i doktrynie
Practical aspects of entrepreneur’s transformation into a capital company in the most recent judicature and doctrine
Autorzy:
Przybył, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499585.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
przekształcenie przedsiębiorcy
zasada kontynuacji
zasada sukcesji
przedawnienie
tytuł egzekucyjny
transformation of entrepreneur
principle of continuity
principle of succession
period of limitation
enforcement title
Opis:
Przedmiotem artykułu jest ocena funkcjonowania przekształcenia przedsiębiorcy w spółkę kapitałową. Instytucja ta, wprowadzona w 2011 r., do dziś generuje pewne trudności natury systemowej. Sporne pozostaje podstawowe zagadnienie zasady przejścia praw i obowiązków związanych z prowadzoną działalnością gospodarczą. Artykuł przedstawia wyrażone w doktrynie i judykaturze stanowiska, próbując je ocenić i wybrać możliwie najbardziej trafne. W dalszej kolejności prezentowane są konsekwencje przyjęcia jednej z zasad kontynuacji czy to sukcesji ,w szczególności zaś problemy pojawiające się przy okazji dochodzenia należności przez wierzycieli przedsiębiorcy. W tym zakresie artykuł porusza dwie kwestie: zmiany podmiotowej w postępowaniu cywilnym oraz relacje między terminami przedawnienia roszczeń i terminem zawitym dotyczącym trwania odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorcy przekształconego.
The subject matter of the article is the assessment of the functioning of transformation of an entrepreneur into a capital company. This institution, introduced in 2011, still generates difficulties of systemic nature. The fundamental issue concerning the principle of the transfer of rights and obligations related to the conducted business activity remains disputable. The article collects current opinions in judicature and legal scholarship and tries to evaluate them and choose the most accurate solutions. Subsequently, author presents the consequences of adopting either the principle of continuity or the principle of succession, as well as points out difficulties arising when a creditor of an entrepreneur pursues claims. The article deals with two issues: subject modification in civil proceedings as well as periods of limitation of claims and expiration time concerning the period of responsibility of a transformed entrepreneur.
Źródło:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM; 2018, 8; 183-196
2299-2774
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZAUFANIE INSTYTUCJONALNE W KONTEKŚCIE USTAWOWEJ ZASADY ZAUFANIA JEDNOSTKI DO PAŃSTWA
INSTITUTIONAL TRUST IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS AND PROTECTION OF TRUST
Autorzy:
Wojciechowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/692946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
trust
principle of law
zaufanie
zasada prawa
bezstronność
Opis:
This paper is an attempt to approach the principle of legitimate expectations and protection of trust from the perspective of institutional trust. The main question concerns the meaning of the term ‘trust’ as used in the Code of Administrative Procedure and the Tax Law. The further concern is whether institutional trust is at all conceptually possible. An affirmative answer to that requires adding the ‘placing a bet’ or an ‘interest perspective’ regarding the trusting person to the definition of ‘trust’. The absence of that ingredient leads to a conclusion that the term ‘trust’ as used in article 121 of the Tax Law and article 8 of the Code of Administrative Procedure would merely denote relying on the organ of administration rather than having trust in it. Understanding the term ‘trust’ enables one to establish that the trust in public organs of administration is of pragmatic and moral nature.
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię tak zwanego zaufania instytucjonalnego, czyli takiego, w której z jednej strony znajduje się jednostka, z drugiej – instytucje (na przykład organy administracji państwowej). Autor stara się odpowiedzieć na pytania, jakie znaczenie można przypisać terminowi „zaufanie” użytemu w przepisach ustaw Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego i Ordynacja podatkowa oraz czy – w świetle formułowanych w literaturze przedmiotu definicji terminu „zaufanie” – zaufanie instytucjonalne jest w ogóle pojęciowo możliwe. Proponowana odpowiedź jest następująca: zaufanie instytucjonalne jest pojęciowo możliwe w świetle definicji „zaufania” jako zakładu, ale definicja ta nie uwzględnia elementu korzystnego dla podmiotu ufającego. Przyjęcie definicji zaufania jako zakładu bez elementu korzystnego dla podmiotu ufającego prowadzi do uznania, że termin „zaufanie” użyty w art. 121 § 1 Ordynacji podatkowej i art. 8 Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego oznacza jedynie sytuację „polegania na” organie administracji, a nie zaufania do niego. Jeżeli natomiast definicję tę uzupełnić o ten element, to wówczas porównanie rodzajów oczekiwań podmiotu ufającego w świetle zasad ogólnych analizowanego Kodeksu i Ordynacji uzasadnia wniosek, że zaufanie jednostki wobec organów administracji stosujących prawo może mieć wymiar instrumentalny oraz moralny.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2012, 74, 2; 5-17
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy w ciągu 15 lat wzrosła akceptacja demokratycznych zasad równości i wolności? – analiza porównawcza postaw studentów
Autorzy:
Czerniawska, Mirosława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
attitudes
democracy
the principle of equality and freedom
Opis:
The publication deals with the description of attitudes towards the democratic principles of equality and freedom among students. The survey was conducted four times in five-year time intervals (2003, 2008, 2013, 2018). Samples had 325, 379, 368, and 371 respondents respectively. The author speculated that the advancement of the transformation is accompanied by growth of the acceptance of pro-democratic attitudes among students, namely the wider acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom. The attitudes were diagnosed using nine pairs of statements (these include both original statements and statements adopted from literature). The hypothesis was not confirmed. The acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom has not increased in consecutive surveys and for many statements the acceptance has decreased.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2020, 17, 1; 73-93
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A comment on Katarzyna Sikora’s article
Autorzy:
Ferrero, Andrea
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-04
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
psychology
ethics codes
principle of caring
universalization
comment
Opis:
In her article, Katarzyna Sikora presents a well supported perspective on the meaning of caring for the client’s welfare as well as on how this concept is included in psychology ethics codes and in declarations of ethical principles for psychology. It is well shown how the core of ethical professional behavior is sometimes reflected in moral dilemmas and also how client welfare has usually been more related to aspirational values than to prescriptive standards. The author analyzes the concept of client welfare in ethics codes as more related to the concept of benefit or well being than to philosophical ideas of good and evil. The paper points out that ethics codes have to be locally developed as any general principle has to be culturally shaped within a particular society, and here the author makes an important point about the European and North American influence in current psychology ethics codes worldwide. Also presented is the challenge of universalizing ethical principles and perspectives for developing a common basis for local ethics codes within a multicultural context. The Meta-Code of Ethics is mentioned, adopted by the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations in 1995, which can also be linked to the Agreement Protocol of Ethical Principles for the Professional Practice of Psychologists in Mercosur and Associated Countries, which was signed in South America in 1997, with the same spirit and quite similar principles. Finally, the paper mentions the Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists passed in 2008, its relation to human rights, and the possibility of universalization of ethics taking into account intercultural differences. Within this process, the author points out that to understand the principle of caring means to consider not only the primum non nocere principle but the principle of maximizing client welfare by respecting both individual and social dignity and rights.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2013, 16, 4; 663-667
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Granice władztwa planistycznego przy uchwalaniu miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego
Limits of the planning authority in adopting a local development plan
Autorzy:
Zwolak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
planning power
local development plan
principle of proportionality
Opis:
The considerations of the article focus on the planning power exercised by a municipality as a unilateral and authoritative determination of the purpose of the land and its development. The municipality in the capacity of a planning authority cannot assume an absolute and unlimited power and must act within the limits determined by applicable and binding laws. Hence, in the implementation of its land development tasks, the municipality (or local authorities) are bound by the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and other relevant laws that govern the planning authority granted to municipalities. Exceeding the limits of this planning power will occur when planning solutions prove to be arbitrary and lack substantive justification. Defective legal solutions include not only solutions that violate the law, but also those that result from a potential abuse of the competence of the municipality. Determining the land purpose and the manner of its management must reflect a reasonable and real need for the solution adopted. When the latter is detached from the legal and factual status of the land in question, a violation of planning power arises. When a municipality adopts a local plan which introduces certain restrictions in the use of the property right that is protected in the Constitution, it is obliged to apply legal measures that will be the least onerous for individual entities and which will remain in a rational proportion to the intended purposes. However, certain situations that will lead to the conflict of interests are unavoidable. Settling these conflicts in the process of law-making requires, each time, the weighing off the interests of individual property owners and the public interest of the whole local community. Individual owners may sue the municipal planning authority on the grounds of the abuse of its planning power when adopting a local land management plan and such legal actions may be effective.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 4, 28; 9-26
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transnational Law and its Historical Precedents
Autorzy:
Tomasz, Giaro,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
transnational law
ius civile
ius gentium
canon law
utrumque ius
principle of personality
principle of territoriality
capitulations
Russian Empire
Prussian Kingdom
Opis:
The concept of transnational law is by many modern scholars identified exclusively with the global law or world’s law of the 21st century. However, in legal history we find much older cases of lawmaking which occurs without the intervention of state agencies or even beyond the state. From this point of view we analyze briefly the ancient Roman ius civile, the medieval canon law, the Roman-canon utrumque ius, the old-European capitulations and the cases of legal pluralism which could be found within the Russian Empire.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 68; 73-85
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elementary exposition of Gauss’ final justification of least squares
Autorzy:
Sheynin, Oscar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
the principle of least squares
the method of least squares
Opis:
Legendre was the first to publish the principle of least squares in 1805, this principle was known to Gauss since 1795. But it was Gauss who introduced the method of least squares. He offered its final justification based on the principle of maximum weight (minimal variance) in 1823 and 1828. I begin with a few words about Legendre and Laplace and continue with describing Gauss’ final justification of least squares. It is extremely complicated, but modern authors removed this difficulty. My own exposition (§ 3) is quite elementary and, I think, methodically necessary.
Źródło:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny; 2014, 12(18); 39-47
1644-6739
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada wzajemności. Wybrane problemy
The principle of reciprocity. Selected problems
Autorzy:
Łukaszyński, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/533500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
reciprocity
golden rule
norm of reciprocity
principle of reciprocity
cooperation
Opis:
This paper presents selected problems of principle of reciprocity. Reciprocity is one of the central problems of numerous concepts explaining social relations. It starts from the ancient principle of reciprocity (do ut des − I give that you may give) and ends with contemporary theories of interactionism, theories of social exchange or the philosophy of the meeting. In the theory of social exchange reciprocity pertains to exchange. In the philosophy of the meeting this is not the case for reciprocity. Reciprocity does not signify exchange. What is common in various versions of the philosophy of the meeting is a restrictive condition of current reciprocity consisting in mutual and permanent transformation of personalities in people meeting each other.There are two sorts of authors. The first sort of authors, deny the value of the principle of reciprocity for contemporary social life. The second sort of authors refers to practical implications of the principle of reciprocity. They show value of the principle of reciprocity for contemporary customs norm, moral and social life.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia; 2014, 1 (1); 238-256
2353-8937
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GMO – szansa dla bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego czy zagrożenie dla zrównoważonego rozwoju?
GMOs – a chance for food security or a threat to sustainable development?
Autorzy:
Kempa, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
genetically modified organisms
sustainable development
EU
USA
precautionary principle
principle of equality
Opis:
The aim of the Conference Rio+20 which took place in June 2012 was to find appropriate ways to achieve sustainable development. The main theme of the Conference was the green economy whis is considered as one of the principals instruments to reach this goal. The subject of the article is to answer whether GMOs are a chance for food security or a threat to sustainable development? If we arrive at conclusion that genetically modified organism is the threat to sustainable development, it will not be recognized as a part of green economy. EU and USA law on GMO serves as a base for reflections. The article is divided into two parts: general and specific. The first part presents the definition of sustainable development, food security and genetically modified organisms. The second part describes precautionary principle and principle of equality which determined EU and USA law on GMO.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2013, 11; 255-262
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pansophism and pedagogy in the work of John Amos Comenius from the angle of pedagogy in Serbia
Autorzy:
Maksimović, Jelena
Osmanović, Jelena
Simonović, Nikola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
John Amos Comenius
pansophism
didactics
principle of obviousness
pedagogy
Opis:
The roots of today's education system stem from one of the most significant pedagogists and thinkers, John Amos Comenius (1592-1670). His entire comprehensive and systematic work represents a turning point, not only in the field of the development of pedagogy, as a science and its disciplines, but also in the field of the development of human thought in general. After a brief review of life and work of John Amos Comenius, the paper presents the basic concepts of pedagogical theory through the chapters they cover – his reforming and educational mission, contribution to the establishment and development of didactics and methodology of pedagogy, contribution to school, preschool and family pedagogy. Of particular importance is the chapter that deals with pansophism as an ideological concept of universal wisdom and pedagogy, because the central theme of the paper is focused on the relations-hip between pansophism and his overall pedagogical work. The aim of this paper is to theoretically research the connection between these problems, as well as to understand their broader implications and current scientific achievements. The paper uses the method of theoretical and historical analysis with the technique of content analysis of available and relevant historical and pedagogical sources and documents. The concluding remarks point to the importance of Comenius as a reformer important for the overall development of pedagogy as a science. His pansophism is permanently imprinted as a seal with a reflexive echo and repercussions on all later occurrences in the field of teaching and pedagogical educational activities. The ideas of John Amos Comenius that are practically tested and attested, carry a special strength and vitality even after three centuries, which makes him one of the true pedagogical classics.
Źródło:
Siedleckie Zeszyty Komeniologiczne. Seria pedagogika; 2020, 7; 153-173
2450-7245
2658-1973
Pojawia się w:
Siedleckie Zeszyty Komeniologiczne. Seria pedagogika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dopuszczalność podejmowania uchwał przez rady gmin z wykorzystaniem zdalnego trybu obradowania
Admissibility of Adoption of Resolutions by Municipal Councils Ddeliberating Remotely
Autorzy:
Bandarzewski, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29551805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Principle of transparency
resolution
commune council
correspondence procedure
principle of legality
zasada jawności
uchwała
rada gminy
tryb korespondencyjny
zasada legalności
Opis:
Transparentność działania rad gmin jest ważną wartością, która leży u podstaw demokratycznego państwa i pozwala na realny udział mieszkańców w kształtowaniu sposobu wykonywania żądań publicznych. Wyjątki od konstytucyjnej zasady jawności działania rad gmin dopuszczalne są jedynie wówczas, gdy wynika to wprost z ustawy. Taki wyjątek wprowadzono w ustawie regulującej funkcjonowanie administracji publicznej w okresie epidemii lub zagrożenia epidemicznego. Ustawodawca trafnie uznał, że choć jawność działań administracji jest wartością bardzo istotną, ważniejsza jest ochrona bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego – życia i zdrowia mieszkańców. Podejmowanie uchwał korespondencyjnie lub z wykorzystaniem środków porozumiewania się na odległość nie może być stosowane w innych przypadkach niż bezpośrednio określonych w ustawie. Także zasada jawności jako wartość konstytucyjna nie może być ograniczana w statucie gminy.
Transparency of activity of commune councils is an important value, which is the basis of a democratic state and allows for the actual participation of residents in shaping the manner of performing public tasks. Exceptions to the constitutional principle of transparency in the operation of commune councils are allowed only when a parliament separate act so provides. Such an exception was introduced in the act regulating the functioning of public administration during the state of epidemic or epidemic threat. The legislator aptly decided that although the transparency of the administration’s activities is a very important value, the protection of health safety – the life and health of residents – is more important. This form of debates, i.e. remote debate, cannot be used in cases other than those directly specified in the act. Transparency as a constitutional value can’t be regulated in the statutes of communes.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2023, 33, 2; 7-21
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Position of the Principle of Respect for Constitutional Identity in EU Law
Pozycja zasady poszanowania tożsamości konstytucyjnej w prawie Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Krzysztofik, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Union
The Court of Justice
the principle of respect of constitutional identity
the principle of respect of national identity
the principle of entrusted competence
Unia Europejska
Trybunał Sprawiedliwości
zasada poszanowania tożsamości narodowej
zasada poszanowania tożsamości konstytucyjnej
zasada kompetencji powierzonych
Opis:
The present article is an attempt to answer the question about the position of the principle of respect for constitutional identities of Member States and its impact on the application of EU law in the national legal order. For this purpose three areas will be considered. Firstly, the analysis of the principle of respect for national identity in EU law and in the case law of the Court of Justice will be conducted. Secondly, the principle of competence entrusted to the EU will be analysed, together with its interpretation at the EU level. Thirdly, the understanding of the notion of constitutional identity in the case law of Constitutional Courts of selected Member States will be considered. It proved that the principle of respect for constitutional identity is treated both at national and EU level as an integral part of the concept of “national identity”. The national identity has a broad meaning and refers to values that are cherished by a particular nation, which it considers to be an element distinguishing that nation from other nations. The constitutional identity narrows the scope and concentrates on the constitutional achievements, the expression of the legal culture and the achievements of the political thought of the nation, which were shaped by the history of a given nation. These two aspects jointly determine the position of the state and nation in international relations. The principle of respect for national identity is one of the constitutional principles of the EU. On one hand, it implies the EU’s duty to undertake activities which do not affect national identity, including constitutional identity, of Member States. On the other hand, it obligates it to ensure the diversity of Member States.
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące pozycji zasady poszanowania tożsamości konstytucyjnej państw członkowskich oraz jej wpływ na stosowanie prawa unijnego w krajowym porządku prawnym. W tym celu podjęte zostały rozważania w trzech obszarach. Po pierwsze analiza zasady poszanowania tożsamości narodowej w prawie UE oraz w orzecznictwie Trybunału Sprawiedliwości. Po drugie analiza zasady kompetencji przyznanych wraz z jej wykładnią na poziomie unijnym. Po trzecie rozumienie pojęcia tożsamości konstytucyjnej w orzecznictwie trybunałów konstytucyjnych wybranych państw członkowskich. Rozważania zawarte w artykule dowodzą, że zasada poszanowania tożsamości konstytucyjnej jest traktowana zarówno na poziomie krajowym jak i unijnym jako integralna część pojęcia „tożsamości narodowej”. Pierwsza ma szerokie znaczenie i odnosi się do wartościach cennych dla danego narodu, które uważa on za element wyróżniając go spośród innych narodów. Druga ma charakter zawężający i koncentruje się na dorobku konstytucyjnym, stanowi wyraz kultury prawnej oraz osiągnięć myśli politycznych narodu, który kształtował się wraz z historią konkretnego narodu. Obydwa te aspekty wspólnie wyznaczają miejsce państwa i narodu w stosunkach międzynarodowych. Zasada poszanowania tożsamości narodowej stanowi jedną z zasad konstytucyjnych UE. Oznacza ona z jednej strony jej obowiązek do podejmowania działań, które nie naruszają tożsamości narodowej w tym konstytucyjnej państw członkowskich. Z drugiej strony nakłada na nią obowiązek zapewnienia zachowania różnorodności państw członkowskich.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2017, 6 (40); 155-169
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Umowne formy realizacji zadań przez samorząd terytorialny – zagadnienia teoretyczno-prawne
Contractual forms for the implementation of tasks by local government – theoretical and legal issues
Autorzy:
Popowska, Bożena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
legal forms of action of local government bodies
privatization of local government tasks
principle of freedom of contract
principle of subsidiarity
"organizational independence of local government units”
Opis:
The discussion in the article takes into account two aspects: the specific nature of contracts as legal forms of action of local government bodies, and the special rela- tionship of two branches of law, i.e. administrative law and public economic law. Both directions of this discussion entail a civil law aspect with a extended theory on contracts and the freedom of contract. The study assumes that the element linking the above threads is the principle of the social market economy as one of the foundations of the system of the Republic of Poland, which does not exclude state economic activity, subject to Article 1, Article 2 and Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This field includes the regulations of the Law on Municipal Management, whose addressees are local government bodies. For the implementation of the tasks assigned to local government in the field of economy, local government bodies enter into contracts; this is one of the legal forms that allows them to take into account the complexity of administration-economy relations (relationships), and therefore third parties: entrepreneurs, contractors, competitors and consumers. An area of study related to the issues stated in the title and which is significant for both theoretical and practical reasons is the regulation of Article 3 of the Law on Municipal Management. This provision provides a specific legal basis for concluding contracts “for the purpose of entrusting the performance of tasks” in the field of municipal management. The article points to the issue of the legal determination of contractual entrustment of such tasks, taking into account the constitutional principle of binding the administration to the law (Article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland) and the civil law principle of freedom of contract (Article 353¹ of the Civil Code). The scope of freedom enjoyed by local government units in the use of the form of contract in the doctrine is also considered as an element  of “organizational independence” of these units, and whose theoretical expression is the constitutional principle of subsidiarity. The article emphasizes the lack of a general and common statutory basis in the Polish legal order that would regulate the transfer of public tasks, as well as the lack of a statutory regulation providing a template(s) for the contract, which is most often referred to in the doctrine as a public-legal contract.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2023, 3 (43); 9-33
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Image, or what? an attempt towards a holistic exploration
Autorzy:
Puppel, Stanisław
Puppel, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
image
image design (imagopolis)
whirlpool
wrapper
core
the law of embodiment
the principle of image power
the law of apparition
the principle of image facade
Opis:
The following is a proposition paper whose purpose is to try to provide a solid theoretical (modelling) background for research on image generation and image maintenance. As such, it is intentionally devoid of any experimental/empirical findings. And although we agree that model-reasoning is difficult to observe, we nevertheless utterly agree with Rosenblueth and Wiener’s stance according to which ‘scientific knowledge consists of a sequence of abstract models, preferably formal, occasionally material in nature (Rosenblueth/Wiener, 1945,320), who further also stated that ‘the ideal model would be one which would cover the entire universe’ (Rosenblueth/Wiener, 1945,320). We are, of course, convinced that material substance can and should be provided later on as research continues to accrue with reference to the model(s) proposed.General assumptions which are put forth in the paper are the following:1. image is pervasive in nature; in fact, in humans it is more pervasive than language. This is due to the fact that the visual-tactile modality is of fundamental significance in the daily conduct of the human species (see e.g. Fletcher, 1952; Pirenne, 1967; Schiffman, 1982; Gordon, 1989; Sekuler/Blake, 1994).2. Owing to its pervasiveness, image may be approached holistically, that is, it may be likened to life, especially to its exteriorization within the bounds of the material and perceiving/acting human body.3. The paper is based on some general theoretical orientations which may be summarized as the following:– material positivism: within this orientation, the subject matter of research is the universal occurrence of embodiment/entitiation and its consequences, dialectical constructivism: within this orientation, a human agent as an embodied entity/organism is assumed to be involved in a continuous process of constructing and changing images.
Źródło:
Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia; 2020, 20; 205-210
1509-4146
Pojawia się w:
Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polskie koncepcje wzajemności. Wybrane problemy
Polish conceptions of reciprocity. Chosen problems
Autorzy:
Łukaszyński, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/533504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
reciprocity
golden rule
norm of reciprocity
principle of reciprocity
cooperation
Opis:
Reciprocity is one of the central problems of numerous concepts explaining social relations. It starts from the ancient principle of reciprocity (do ut des − I give that you may give) and ends with contemporary theories of interactionism, theories of social exchange or the philosophy of the meeting. This paper presents selected problems of Polish conceptions of principle of reciprocity. There are two sorts of authors. The first sort of authors denies the value of the principle of reciprocity for contemporary social life (for example Z. Bauman and K. Szewczyk). The second refers to practical implications of the principle of reciprocity (for example M. Flis and J. Bierówka).
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia; 2014, 2 (2); 73-90
2353-8937
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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