Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "political advertising" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Costs of political campaigns in Slovakia
Autorzy:
Pčolinský, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471071.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
campaign costs
election legislation
political advertising
campaign eff ectiveness
cost structure
Opis:
Modern democratic election campaigns in Slovakia have almost 20 years of tradition. The aim of the article is to familiarize the reader with brief analysis of legislative framework of all types of election campaigns (presidential elections, parliamentary elections, the European Parliament elec- tions, self-governing region elections, municipal elections and referendum) together with structural analysis of election costs in parliamentary elections in 2006. At the same time, we evaluated the ef- fectiveness of election costs from various points of view: costs of the election campaign for 1 obtained vote; costs of the election campaign for 1 obtained seat in the Parliament; overall income from the state budget for the political party in relation to means invested in a campaign.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2009, 2, 2(3); 329-338
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instrumentalizm działań marketingowych w kampaniach wyborczych
INSTRUMENTALISM OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
Autorzy:
Narloch, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
POLITICAL MARKETING
ELECTION CAMPAIGN
DIRECT CAMPAIGN
PUBLIC RELATIONS
ADVERTISING
MARKETING STRATEGY
Opis:
Political marketing implements to the policy many tools by which communication becomes easier and the effectiveness of the political marketing activities increase. This article is an attempt to describe the most popular tools which are use in the modern election campaigns.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2012, 4, 1; 29-44
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Audiovisual political advertising in communication strategies of Polish political parties: The case of the parliamentary campaign in 2011
Autorzy:
Adamik-Szysiak, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
audiovisual election advertising
election campaign
personalization
content analysis
political parties
communication strategy
Opis:
The article presents the results of empirical research on the use of audiovisual advertising by Polish political parties in election campaigns (both on television and distributed on the Internet). The goal is to show the current trends and most often used means of persuasion during the condensed construction, political information-persuasion message, which is the election advertisement. The commercials were analysed of political parties distributed in the period of the parliamentary election campaign in 2011. The results of the analysis were compared with the results of previous research in this matter, which exhibited certain tendencies in the communication strategies of the Polish political parties.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2014, 7, 2(13); 190-208
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negative Political Online Banners: An Experimental Study
Negatywne polityczne banery internetowe: badania eksperymentalne
Autorzy:
Cwalina, Wojciech
Drzewiecka, Milena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Ośrodek Analiz Politologicznych
Tematy:
Political marketing
hypermedia campaign
negative campaign
third-party advertising
online banners
Opis:
Modern and technologically advanced political marketing campaigns are making increasing use of the Internet. Although now one can observe a growing interest in particular in Web 2.0 (social networking, YouTube, etc.), it is also the “old” online tools (e.g. banner ads) which play an important role in marketing strategies. The article presents the results of an experiment whose purpose was to evaluate the effect of a negative political banner on the image and support for the attacked party. The results indicate that the negative banners decrease ratings of the attacked party image. However, these changes depend on both the intentionality use of the particular Web page on which a banner was placed, as well as on the level of Internet “experience” of affected individuals.
Nowoczesne i technologicznie zaawansowane polityczne kampanie marketingowe w coraz większym stopniu wykorzystują możliwości Internetu. Chociaż obecnie szczególnie wzrasta zainteresowanie Web 2.0 (sieci społecznościowe, YouTube, itp.), to jednak również „stare” online’owe narzędzia Internetowe są istotnym elementem strategii marketingowych. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki eksperymentu testującego skuteczność negatywnego baneru politycznego w zmianie ocen wizerunku i poparcia dla zaatakowanej w nim partii. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że negatywne banery obniżają oceny wizerunku zaatakowanej partii. Przy czym zmiany te zależą zarówno od intencjonalności korzystania ze strony Web, na której umieszczony był baner, jak również od internetowego „doświadczenia” badanych.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"; 2014, 9; 188 - 214
2084-5294
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosunek elektoratu do radiowych reklam wyborczych
The Attitude of the Electorate to Radio Election Advertising
Autorzy:
Łukasik-Turecka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
radio election advertising
tools of political communication
election campaign
Opis:
The surveys conducted in the autumn of 2013 show that most of those surveyed pay no attention to election advertisements aired on the radio. The greatest percentage of persons not interested in radio election advertisements are followers of the Left Democratic Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) – 74.4%. An equally large percentage of people who are not interested in radio election advertising was reported among those polled who declared they would not vote if the election for the Sejm was held next Sunday - 74%. Followers of the Your Movement [Twój Ruch] coalition and supporters of other parties than those named above also pay little attention to radio election advertising – in both categories this percentage is 68.4% each. Out of the Civic Platform [Platforma Obywatelska, PO] supporters as many as 67.3 % of those surveyed are not interested in radio election advertisements, while among the Law and Justice [Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS] followers the percentage of those not interested in election advertisements on the radio is 65.8%. The lowest percentage (although also exceeding 60%) of people not paying attention to radio election advertisements was reported among supporters of the Polish People’s Party [Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL] – 64%. Taking into account the results of surveys concerning ideological views, the highest percentage of persons not interested in radio election advertisements are those surveyed who define their views as left-wing – 76.7%. A slightly smaller percentage of persons not interested in radio election advertisements was reported among those surveyed who defined their views as centrist – 71.6%, while the percentage of those surveyed defining their views as right-wing and not interested in this type of advertising was 65.8%. Out of those who find it difficult to define their views the percentage of people not interested in radio election advertisements is 67.3%. The survey results also show that election advertisements aired on the radio do not have any effect on the voting decisions of the majority of those surveyed. This form of political communication has the smallest influence on the Democratic Left Alliance supporters – as many as 80 % of those polled and declaring themselves as followers of this party believe that radio election advertising has no effect on their voting decisions. The percentage of persons who believe that election advertisements on the radio do not influence their voting decisions is also high in the case of the other categories of those surveyed. In the case of the supporters of other parties than those mentioned, this percentage is 79.8%; for those who would not vote if the election was held on the nearest Sunday – 78,7%, while for the PO, PSL, PiS and Your Movement supporters: 77.8%, 72.1%, 71.4% and 73.6% respectively. In the case of the survey results regarding ideological views, the highest percentage of those surveyed who believe that radio election advertisements do not have any impact on their voting decisions was reported among persons who define their views as centrist – 82.2%, and not much lower among those defining their views as left-wing – 81.7%. The smallest percentage of those who believe that radio election advertisements do not influence their voting decisions was reported among the persons defining their views as right-wing – 74.6% and among those who find it difficult to define their views – 72.2%.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2014, 8; 51-60
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Audytywna reklama wyborcza – przeżytek czy konieczność?
Autorzy:
Łukasik-Turecka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
auditory election advertising, tools of political communication, election campaign
Opis:
Auditory election advertising – relic or necessity?In light of the selection criteria for the media for broadcasting advertisements, radio satisfies only some of them. These include: the possibility of repeating the message, low unit cost of the opportunity to hear the message or the mood in which the message is received. These criteria seem especially created for the radio as an advertising medium, including election advertisements. On the other hand, the radio satisfies the following criteria only to a negligible extent: probability that the message will be noticed or duration of the product life cycle. The satisfaction of the remaining criteria largely depends on the character of a radio station. Nevertheless, it seems that the advantages of auditory (radio) election advertising and the radio itself as its medium defend it against its total elimination from the tools of political communication during election campaigns. Auditory (radio) advertising will never again be the principal medium but rather one that will accompany other campaign activities. Yet it is still so significant that few will deliberately give it up.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze; 2015, 58, 1
0555-0025
2084-3836
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NEGATYWNA TELEWIZYJNA REKLAMA POLITYCZNA W WYBORACH DO PARLAMENTU EUROPEJSKIEGO W POLSCE W 2009 ROKU
NEGATIVE TELEVISION POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN THE 2009 ELECTIONS TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT IN POLAND
Autorzy:
Friedrich, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
political marketing
negative campaign
political advertising
election 2009
European Parliament
Law and Justice
Civic Platform
Democratic Left Alliance
Opis:
Negative television political advertising has become an instrument commonly found in election campaigns in most democratic countries around the world. This article is intended to show the functioning of this element of political marketing, focusing in par-ticular on its presence on Polish soil. This article indicates the genesis of negative televi-sion political advertising, its nature, significance, and provides an analysis that included sample ads by the campaign staffs of Law and Justice, Civic Platform and Democratic Left Alliance, which were broadcast during the election campaign before the election to the European Parliament in 2009.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 13, 1; 92-103 (12)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pro-systemic Voters Versus Anti-systemic Ones: Emotional Attitude to Candidates and the Influence of TV Political Advertising in the 2015 Presidential Election in Poland
Autorzy:
Olszanecka-Marmola, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514608.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
political advertising
electoral TV ads
emotional attitude
feelings thermometer
2015 presidential election in Poland
anti-systemic voters
Opis:
Presented article is aimed at examining the emotional attitudes to candidates for the president of Poland among pro-systemic and anti-systemic voters in 2015 presidential election and showing the influence of campaign TV ads on these groups of Polish electorate. The research conducted by author reveals that anti-systemic electorate is less interested in politics and more likely to be influenced by electoral TV spots. The study also confirms the relation between emotional attitudes to political actors and political preferences. According to the results of experiment anti-systemic voters expressed more positive feelings towards candidates from out of the political mainstream, and the other way round, the pro-systemic electorate rather liked the candidates presented by parliamentary parties.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2015, 11; 77-91
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reklama negatywna i wizerunkowa w odbiorze polskiego elektoratu
Negative and visual advertising in the reception of Polish electorate
Autorzy:
Olszanecka-Marmola, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
political advertising
advertising
negative ads
political image
image ads
Opis:
Growing professionalization and personalization of electoral campaigns have prompted political parties to concentrate on political image and negative campaigning. This tendency is mainly noticeable in TV advertisements. Presented article consists of two parts. The first one discusses the role of negative and image ads. The other part includes the results of research conducted by the author. The analysis shows that the vast majority of Polish electorate does not approve using of negative and image advertising. It can denote that voters are exhausted of permanent mutual attacks of two major Polish parties (Civic Platform, Law and Justice) and expect more issue-oriented politics.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2015, 10; 133-146
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of negative political campaigns on the effectiveness of communication (cognition, emotions and voting behavior)
Autorzy:
Světlík, Jaroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
political campaign
negative political campaign
political advertising
negative advertising
Opis:
Negative political advertising and its effectiveness has always been the concern of not only political scientists, but also sociologists and marketing experts. This specific form of advertising is also increasingly used in the Czech political environment. The author focused on the answers to such questions as: what are the effects of this form of political advertising from the perspective of persuasive linear models, which are actually based on cognition, emotion and conative/voting behavior. Based both on international research carried out in this area and facts from Czech republic, he notes that voters perceive this form of advertising as one that offers them more information, attracts a greater degree of attention and more trust than in the case of positive advertising. Taking into account emotional effects, this form of political advertising is often followed by disgust, fear and other negative reactions. These are, however, strong incentives that subsequently bring some negative effects in voter`s conative/behavioral activities. These include in particular the reluctance to vote, negative public sentiment and escalating political cynicism. In the evaluation of the effectiveness of negative political campaigns what should also be taken into account is their cultural environment. What could be effective in the US may not be very effective in countries with different cultural values shaped their historical development and by existing cultural dimensions of these countries.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2016, 13; 125-138
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ informacyjny telewizyjnych reklam wyborczych w świetle deklaracji polskiego elektoratu – studium kampanii wyborczych 2015
The cognitive effect of TV political advertising in view of Polish electorate – case of 2015 presidential and parliamentary campaigns
Autorzy:
Olszanecka-Marmola, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
political advertising
TV political ads
cognitive effect of TV political ads,
2015 presidential election in Poland
2015 parliamentary election in Poland
Opis:
Apart from persuasive function, TV political ads play also important role in obtaining information about candidates and political parties. The cognitive effect of TV political advertising is proved in American and West-European conditions. Presented article is aimed at examining whether TV political spots influenced on voters’ declarations about their knowledge of candidates and parties contesting in 2015 elections in Poland. The results of research will be presented with reference to sociodemographic characteristics of electorate, political preferences and auto-identifications on left-right scale.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2016, 12; 199-210
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ reklamy zewnętrznej jako narzędzia kampanii wyborczej na okresowe kształtowanie przestrzeni publicznej miast, na przykładzie miasta Krakowa
Autorzy:
Listwan-Franczak, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763152.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
political advertising, spatial order, local elections, political marketing, outdoor
reklama polityczna, ład przestrzenny, wybory samorządowe, marketing polityczny, outdoor
Opis:
Outdoor advertising has gained in recent years established and solid position in the urban space. As a permanent element of urban space effectively carries out its role, which involves the consolidated transmission of marketing, reaching to an unlimited number of recipients. The essence of outdoor advertising and the reason for its popularity perfectly reflects that sentence “outdoor advertising is the only medium that can not be off ” (Hampp 2007). This outdoor advertising has been recognized by political parties and politicians who are increasingly turning to a billboard as a tool for political campaign. A significant increase in advertising media of political content, is noticeable especially during election campaigns. This phenomenon affects the shape of the urban public space, which is covered with electoral posters and billboards. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate, how political outdoor advertising affects the shape of public space in cities during election campaigns. As a case study the author has chosen the electoral campaign preceding the local elections taking place in Poland on 16 November 2014 (I round) and 30 November 2014 (II round). The analysis has been subjected to a public space of the city of Kraków
Reklama zewnętrzna zyskała w ostatnich latach stałą i ugruntowaną pozycję w przestrzeni miast. Jako stały element miejskiej przestrzeni skutecznie pełni swą rolę, która polega na skonsolidowanym przekazie marketingowym, docierającym do nieograniczonej liczby odbiorców. Istotę reklamy zewnętrznej i przyczynę jej popularności znakomicie oddaje zdanie, iż ,,reklama outdoorowa to jedyne medium, którego nie można wyłączyć'' (Hampp 2007). Ta wartość outdooru została dostrzeżona przez partie polityczne i polityków, którzy coraz częściej sięgają po billboard jako narzędzie kampanii politycznej. Znaczący wzrost nośników reklamowych o treści politycznej, jest zauważalny zwłaszcza w okresie kampanii wyborczych. Zjawisko  to wpływa na kształt miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej, która zostaje pokryta afiszami i billboardami wyborczymi. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wykazanie, w jaki sposób polityczna reklama zewnętrzna oddziałuje na kształt przestrzeni publicznej miast w okresie kampanii wyborczych. Jako studium przypadku autorka wybrała kampanię wyborczą, poprzedzającą wybory samorządowe, mające miejsce w Polsce 16 listopada 2014 r. (I tura) i 30 listopada 2014 r. (II tura). Analizie została poddana przestrzeń publiczna miasta Krakowa.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia; 2016, 71, 2
0137-1983
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negative TV Advertising in the 2016 US Presidential Campaign
Telewizyjna reklama negatywna w amerykańskiej kampanii prezydenckiej w 2016 roku
Autorzy:
Olszanecka-Marmola, Agata
Marmola, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/954412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Italianistyki. Polskie Towarzystwo Retoryczne
Tematy:
negative advertising
US presidential campaign
political advertising
issue ads
image ads
reklama negatywna
kampania prezydencka w USA
reklama polityczna
reklamy problemowe
reklamy wizerunkowe
Opis:
Presented research describes the character of message and techniques used in TV political advertising during the 2016 US presidential campaign. The results unambiguously indicate a steady increase in the use of negative ads during political campaign. Television commercials of Hilary Clinton and Donald Trump focused mostly on discrediting their political opponent. In addition, the content of negative ads more frequently referred to image characteristics than to issues.
Prezentowane badania opisują styl przekazu i techniki użyte w telewizyjnych reklamach z amerykańskiej kampanii prezydenckiej z 2016 roku. Wyniki jednoznacznie wskazują na postępującą negatywizację przekazu kampanijnego. Zarówno Hilary Clinton, jak i Donald Trump skupili się w spotach głównie na dyskredytowaniu politycznego przeciwnika. Dodatkowo treści zawarte w negatywnych reklamach telewizyjnych częściej odnosiły się do kwestii wizerunkowych (image ads) aniżeli problemowych (issue ads).
Źródło:
Res Rhetorica; 2018, 5, 2; 29-44
2392-3113
Pojawia się w:
Res Rhetorica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Evolution of Political Narratives in the Digital Age in the United States of America
Autorzy:
Katula, Richard A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1197669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-06
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
narrative
political
Big Data
advertising
psychographics
Trump campaign
Opis:
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The objective of this essay is to demonstrate how political narratives in the United States of America, specifically, Presidential campaign advertisements, have addressed the problem of audience. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Through historical and critical analysis/research the essay traces the concept of presence, i.e. foregrounding information favorable to the candidate without incurring opposition, and, foregrounding information that addresses each voter’s specific issues. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The essay begins by reviewing the origins of the “reasonable man” assumption of audience in contested rituals in a democracy. It then applies that historic standard to modern American Presidential campaigns beginning with the oratorical period (circa 1896) and continuing through the periods dominated by radio (1925-1950) and television (1960-2004). The essay argues that the problem of presence was never resolved in these periods. RESEARCH RESULTS: The essay demonstrates how Big Data and the use of that data for psychographic analysis (in addition to the traditional demographic analysis) solves the problem of presence by allowing candidates to micro‑target narratives to individuals and their specific interests. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The essay concludes with a cautionary note about the trend toward “self‑assent,” and the societal danger its poses for purging political narratives of their “contested” value to a democracy.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Wychowania; 2018, 17, 42; 27-38
1643-9171
2391-9485
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Функційність іменників і дієслів у політичній рекламі
Autorzy:
Osewska, Monika
Romaniuk, Svitlana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
political advertising
slogan
elections in Ukraine
categories of the noun and verb
Opis:
The article deals with political slogans placed on billboards and advertising spots dedicated to political advertisement and the 2014 Parliamentary elections. Following the time after ‘Euromaidan’, the 2014 elections were the fi rst after the dissolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 7th convocation. The author presents research categories of the noun and verb (i.e. degrees of comparison of adjectives and forms of numerals and adverbs) which she fi nds the most important. The author concludes that nouns and verbs appear more frequently and are more visible than other parts of speech. What is more, a choice of appropriate lexis aff ects the way we perceive advertisement.
Źródło:
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia; 2018, 6; 237-247
2299-7237
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies