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Wyszukujesz frazę "hydrophilic" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Zależność zawartości ziaren hydrofilowych od zapopielenia drobno uziarnionych węgli
The relationship between the share of hydrophilic particles and the ash content in fine coals
Autorzy:
Lenartowicz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/319435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
hydrophilic particles
hydrophilic particles share
ash content
fine coals
flotation machines
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości ziaren hydrofilowych w produktach uzyskanych w wyniku opróbowania maszyn flotacyjnych typu IZ - 12 wzbogacających węgle o różnym stopniu uwęglenia. Stwierdzono, że istnieje zależność między zawartością ziaren hydrofilowych a zawartością popiołu w zbiorze bardzo drobnych ziaren węglowych. Zależność ta może być przydatna podczas analizy pracy maszyn flotacyjnych. Ponadto równania regresji 100 - Γ = ƒ(A(a)) opisujące zależność zawartości ziaren hydrofilowych od zawartości popiołu umożliwiają wyznaczenie zawartości ziaren hydrofilowych w grupie ziaren przy znanej zawartości popiołu w tej grupie.
The results of determination of hydrophilic particles share in products obtained during IZ-12 flotation machines sampling, which beneficiate coals of different coalification, were presented in the paper. It was found that there is a relationship between the share of hydrophilic particles and the ash content in very fine coals. This relationship can be useful during the analysis of operation of flotation machines. Moreover, regression equations describing the relationship between the share of hydrophilic particles and the ash content (100 - Γ = ƒ(A(a))), enable to determine the share of hydrophilic particles in a set of coal particles when ash content in this set is known.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2006, R. 7, nr 2, 2; 29-36
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrophilic Modified clay Nanocomposites: Effect of clay on Thermal and Vibrational Properties
Autorzy:
Kishore, A.
Venkatesh, D. B.
Kumar, M. A.
Ramesh, A.
Murthy, K. N.
Karthikeyan, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Hydrophilic nanoclay
Epoxy Nanocomposites
mechanical properties
Opis:
Epoxy (LY-556/HY-951) system filled with modified clay (MC) was synthesized by using mechanical shear mixing with the addition of hardener as tri-ethylene-tetra-amine (TETA). The effect of the fumed silica can be negated by the application of a shear force (e.g. mixing, brushing, spraying etc), allowing the liquid to flow, level out and permit the escape of entrapped air. The reinforcement effects of MC in the epoxy polymer on thermal, mechanical and vibration properties were studied. Curing study shows that the addition MC does not show any effect in the curing behavior of epoxy polymer. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) shows enhanced thermal stability for epoxy with MC fillers. The epoxy with MC fillers shows considerable improvement on tensile and impact properties over pure epoxy polymer. SEM studies shows that addition of clay significantly turns the epoxy system from brittle to ductile nature was played instrumental in scaling performance. The improvement in tensile and impact properties of nanocomposites is supported with the fracture surface studies. Epoxy with MC fillers shows enhanced vibration characteristics than that of the pure epoxy polymer. FTIR studies indicated the formation of C-H bonds on the surface of the nanocomposites.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 8; 73-86
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrophilic films based on starch and carboxymethyl starch
Autorzy:
Wilpiszewska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/777998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
carboxymethyl starch
hydrophilic films
polysaccharide films
starch
Opis:
The hydrophilic films based on starch and carboxymethyl starch (CMS) were obtained using cast method. The effect of CMS content on the physicochemical properties of prepared films were evaluated. With increasing content of starch derivative the moisture absorption, solubility in water as well as swelling ratio increased. The highest values of mechanical parameters (tensile strength and Young’s modulus) were determined for the starch/CMS film containing the lowest CMS amount, i.e. 10 wt.% (1.1 MPa, 15 MPa, respectively). For the same system the lowest moisture absorption, solubility in water as well as swelling ratio were reported. Thus, it could be concluded that for this system the highest crosslinking density has been achieved, what was confirmed by DMTA results. Such a film could potentially find application in food or agricultural industry.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2019, 21, 2; 26-30
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Treatments Of Natural Fibres In Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review
Autorzy:
Seisa, Keolebogile
Chinnasamy, Vivekanandhan
Ude, Albert U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
hydrophilic
thermal stability
hydrophobic
amorphous
morphological properties
Opis:
The use of natural fibres in fibre-reinforced composites comes with drawbacks. They are highly hydrophilic, leading to high moisture absorption and poor interfacial adhesion in matrix-reinforcement bonds. This affects the fibres’ thermal stability as well as mechanical properties, hence limiting their wider application. This paper reviewed different ways in which natural fibres have been treated to improve hydrophobicity, reinforcement-matrix interfacial adhesion and thermal stability. It will investigate. among others, treatments like alkali, acetylation, bleaching, silane, benzoylation and plasma, which have been found to improve fibre hydrophobicity. The literature reviewed showed that these methods work to improve mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties of natural fibres by removing the amorphous surface, thus allowing for more efficient load transfer on the fibre-matrix surface. Studies in the literature found alkali treatment to be the most common surface modification treatment due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, plasma treatment has emerged due to its lower processing time and chemical consumption. A comparative analysis of other improved properties was also investigated.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2022, 2 (151); 82--89
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on the improvement of hydrophilic character on polyvinylalcohol treated polyester fabric
Autorzy:
Pitchai, S.
Jeyakodi, M. J.
Swarna, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Polyester fabric
PVA
SEM
FTIR
DSC
hydrophilic charakter
Opis:
Polyester fabric was treated with polyvinyl alcohol in alkaline medium. The moisture regain, water retention and wettability of the PVA treated polyester fabric were tested. The PVA treated PET fabric was dyed with disperse dye. The presence of PVA in the treated PET fabric was assessed by spot test. The treated fabric was also characterized by scanning electron microscope, FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry. The PVA treated poliester fabric showed improved hydrophilic character over intact and sodium hydroxide treated PET fabrics.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2014, 16, 4; 21-27
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of study comprehensiveness for nematode fauna of hydrophilic birds in Ukrainian Polissya
Autorzy:
Syrota, Y.Y.
Kharchenko, V.O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/5753.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
comprehensiveness
nematode
hydrophilic bird
bird
helminth
Ukraine
Polissya region
Opis:
The fauna of helminths of hydrophilic birds was subject of many works in Ukraine. But the most of investigators dealt with helminth fauna of waterfowls in general. And only few works were dedicated to the parasitic nematodes. There are registered 81 species of helminths on Ukraine and 36 species of nematode of hydrophilic bird for Polissya (23 species for Belarus. 15 for Poland and 18 for Ukraine). As well it was compared lists of parts of Polissya between itself. The comprehension of the parasitic nematodes from different part of Polissya showed that 6 species of nematodes are common for whole Polissya: Eucoleus contortus, Amidostomum anseris, Echinuria uncinata, Porrocaecum crassum, Porrocaecum semiteres and Tetrameres fissispina. Further studies are necessary to increase our knowledge on biodiversity of the parasitic nematodes in waterfowls and clear up their taxonomic status.
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 2015, 61, 3
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bactericidal and hydrophilic plasma deposited thin TiO2 films on glass substrate
Autorzy:
Sobczyk-Guzenda, A.
Szymanowski, H.
Gazicki-Lipman, M.
Kowalski, J.
Jakubowski, W.
Halamus, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
TiO2 thin films
RF PECVD method
bactericidal activity
hydrophilic effect
Opis:
In recent years, titanium dioxide has attracted a great deal of attention as a material for photocatalytic applications. These applications include antibacterial effect as well as photocatalytic air and water purification. Another property of TiO2 concerns a substantial increase of its surface hydrophilicity upon irradiation. The aim of this work is to investigate thin TiO2films obtained by RF PECVD technique with respect to hydrophilic and long-term bactericidal activity. Structural studies, carried out by Raman spectroscopy show that all the investigated coatings are amorphous. The films exhibit agglomerates, with their amount depending on energetic conditions of deposition. Adhesion measured by a scratch test shows that films deposited at higher RF power adhere better than those synthesized at lower power values. UV irradiation causes death of nearly 100% of Escherichia coli population on TiO2films. The irradiated films are still active for about 30 min after the end of UV exposure. A substantial decrease of water contact angle is also observed upon the irradiation of the films with UV light.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2009, 12, 85; 8-12
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of formation constants of uranyl(VI) complexes with a hydrophilic SO3-Ph-BTP ligand, using liquid-liquid extraction
Autorzy:
Steczek, L.
Narbutt, J.
Charbonnel, M. -C.
Moisy, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
uranyl ion
hydrophilic poly-N-dentate ligands
complexes
solvent extraction
stripping
formation constant
Opis:
Complex formation between uranyl ion, UO2 2+, and a hydrophilic anionic form of SO3-Ph-BTP4– ligand, L4–, in water was studied by liquid-liquid extraction experiments performed over a range of the ligand and HNO3 concentrations in the aqueous phase, at a constant concentration of nitrate anions at 25°C . The competition for UO2 2+ ions between the lipophilic TODGA extractant and the hydrophilic L4– ligand leads to the decrease in the uranyl distribution ratios, D, with an increasing L4– concentration. The model of the solvent extraction process used accounts – apart from uranyl complexation by TODGA and SO3-Ph-BTP4– – also for uranyl complexation by nitrates and for the decrease in the concentration of the free L4– ligand in the aqueous phase, due to its protonation, bonding in the uranyl complex and the distribution between the two liquid phases. The unusually strong dependence of the D values on the acidity, found in the experiment, could hardly be explained as due to L4– protonation merely. Three hypotheses were experimentally tested, striving to interpret the data in terms of additional extraction to the organic phase of ion associates of protonated TODGA cation with either partly protonated anionic L4– ligands or anionic UO2 2+ complexes with NO3 – or L4–. None of them has been confi rmed. The analysis of the results, based on the formal correction of free ligand concentrations, points to the formation of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 uranyl – SO3-Ph-BTP complexes in the aqueous phase. The conditional formation constant of the 1:1 complex has been determined, logβL,1 = 2.95 ± 0.15.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 4, part 2; 821-827
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An innovative flotation technology for the lime-depressed pyrite recovery from copper sulphide ore via acid mine drainage (AMD) activation
Autorzy:
Yuan, Jiaqiao
Ding, Zhan
Bi, Yunxiao
Li, Jie
Wen, Shuming
Bai, Shaojun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
copper sulfide ore
acid mine drainage (AMD)
lime-depressed-pyrite
activator
hydrophilic species
Opis:
In this study, an innovative flotation technology consisted of Cu differential flotation with high alkali lime and pyrite recovery with acid mine drainage (AMD) activation was investigated for the cleaner beneficiation of the copper sulfide ore. Flotation test results showed that H2SO4 -CuSO4 and AMD could effectively activate the pyrite flotation with SBX collector. Moreover, the recovery of S concentrate is increased by 5.33% in the AMD system. Adsorption amount results of SBX collector indicated that the hydrophilic species (Ca2+, CaOH+ and FeOOH) were formed on the pyrite surfaces in the high alkali lime craft (pH=11.3) and degraded the interaction between SBX and pyrite surfaces. AMD can effectively clear off the hydrophilic calcium species and the copper ions originated from the AMD absorb onto the pyrite surfaces, facilitating the SBX collector adsorption. Composition analysis results of tailings water confirmed that the tailing water obtained by the AMD flotation system was more desirable to be recycled in the Cu differential flotation due to its higher pH value (8.7). The present study provides a novel approach for the treatment of AMD, and has the vital practical significance for the emission reduction of AMD and the increase of beneficiation profits.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2022, 58, 6; art. no. 152609
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insecticidal efficiency and safety of zinc oxide and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles against some stored seed insects
Autorzy:
Haroun, S.A.
Elnaggar, M.E.
Zein, D.M.
Gad, R.I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Callosobruchus maculatus
hydrophilic silica nanoparticles
Sitophilus oryzae
Tribolium castaneum
wheat
zinc oxide nanoparticles
Opis:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency and safety of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) against: adults of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.); red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst.) and cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) results showed that, both ZnO NPs and hydrophilic SiO2 NPs exhibited a significant toxic effect (df, F and p < 0.5) against S. oryzae and C. maculatus at the highest concentration while T. castaneum showed high resistance against the two tested materials. At the end of the experiment, recorded mortality was: 81.6, 98.3 and 58.3% at the highest concentration used for each insect (0.3, 2 and 8 gm ⋅ kg–1 of SNPs with C. maculatus, S. oryzae and T. castaneum, respectively), while mortality was 88.3, 100 and 38.3% at the highest concentration used for each insect (0.6, 2.5 and 8 gm ⋅ kg–1 of ZnO NPs with C. maculatus, S. oryzae and T. castaneum, respectively). Both tested materials caused high reductions in F1-progeny (%) with C. maculatus and S. oryzae. Histopathological examination of male mice livers showed hepatic architecture with congested blood sinusoids, binucleated hepatocytes nuclei, dilated central vein and margainated chromatin in some nuclei. Histopathological assessment of the lungs showed normal histoarchitecture. There were no differences in alveolar septa, bronchiolar and epithelium of the treated and untreated animals. Silica and zinc oxide nanoparticles have a good potential to be used as stored seed protectant alternatives if applied with proper safety precautions.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2020, 60, 1; 77-85
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modified acylglycerol emusifiers with programmed hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values
Autorzy:
Szelag, H.
Zwierzykowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371543.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Instytut Rozrodu Zwierząt i Badań Żywności Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Olsztynie
Tematy:
hydrophilic-liphophilic balance
emulsifier
glycerol esterification
fatty acid
food industry
monoacylglycerol
product
modified acylglycerol emulsifier
Opis:
Modified acylglycerol emulsifiers with programmed values of hydrophilic- -liphophilic balance were obtained by esterification of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of fatty acid soaps synthesised in situ. The kinetic studies proved that esterification of glycerol with fatty acids by the proposed method is a first order consecutive reaction with monoacylglycerol as a stable intermediate product. Knowing the reaction rate constants, the maximum concentration of monoacylglycerols may be calculated. The modification of hydrophilic-liphophilic balance of the emulsifier, thus its surface activity was obtained by programming sodium or potassium soap contents and hydrocarbon chain length. The product of the reaction may be directly used as emulsifier.
Modyfikowane emulgatory acyloglicerolowe o założonych wartościach równowagi hydrofilowo-lipofilowej, można otrzymać prowadząc estryfikację glicerolu kwasami tłuszczowymi w obecności mydeł tych kwasów otrzymanych in situ. Wykonane badania kinetyczne wykazały, że estryfikacja glicerolu kwasami tłuszczowymi realizowana proponowaną metodą przebiega jako reakcja następcza pierwszego rzędu. W czasie syntezy monoacyloglicerole stanowią stabilny produkt pośredni, którego maksymalne stężenie może być wyznaczone na podstawie znajomości stałych kinetycznych reakcji (Tab. 2). Programowanie wartości HLB emulgatora a tym samym modyfikowanie jego właściwości jako surfaktanta może być realizowane przez dobór koncentracji mydeł sodu lub potasu (Tab. 3, 4) oraz długości łańcucha węglowodorowego kwasu tłuszczowego zastosowanego do estryfíkacji (Tab. 5). Produkt reakcji, może być bezpośrednio stosowany jako emulgator.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences; 1996, 05, 4
1230-0322
2083-6007
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical and chemical mechanisms of hydrophobicity of nanoparticle membranes (Mg+Al2O3)
Autorzy:
Wahyudi, Wahyudi
Subagyo, R.
Gapsari, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/368531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
hydrophobic
superhydrophobic
hydrophilic
SEM-EDX
gas bubbles
nanoparticles
membranes
hydrofobowość
superhydrofobowość
hydrofilowość
pęcherze gazowe
nanocząstki
membrany
Opis:
Purpose: Investigate the hydrophobic, superhydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of Alumina (Al2O3) and Magnesium (Mg) nanoparticles. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted by SEM-EDX analysis of Magnesium and Alumina nanoparticles, observation of gas bubbles when droplets of water contact with membrane surfaces, measurement of surface roughness and detection of Hydrogen gas production using Gas Chromatography. There are eleven compositions (Al2O3:Mg) membranes used in this study, namely: (0:100; 10:90; 20:80; 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40; 70:30; 80:20; 90:10; and 100:0). Findings: Successfully found an alloy membrane between Alumina (Al2O3) and Magnesium (Mg) nanoparticles in the composition of Mg:Al2O3 (0:100%) having Hydrophobic properties; Mg:Al2O3 (50:50%) has Superhydrophobic properties and Mg:Al2O3 (100:0%) has hydrophilic properties. Three conditions occur when H2O droplets come in contact with the membrane layer, namely: hydrophobic conditions when the trapped gas pressure is smaller than the droplet pressure. Superhydrophobic conditions when the trapped gas pressure is equal to the droplet pressure. Hydrophilic conditions occur when the trapped gas pressure is greater than the droplet pressure. Research limitations/implications: This research is limited to the hydrophobic nature of Nano Alumina (Al2O3) and Magnesium (Mg) membrane particles. Practical implications: Superhydrophobic properties are very suitable to be applied to membranes that are useful for destiny. Originality/value: The novelty of this study is to find the right mixture of nanoparticles of Alumina and Magnesium in a composition that is capable of creating hydrophobic, superhydrophobic and hydrophilic properties.
Źródło:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering; 2019, 96, 2; 57-68
1734-8412
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Distribution of Secondary Minerals and their Associations on The Surface of Diamonds and in Derrivative Products of Metasomatically Altered Kimberlites
Analiza rozkładu minerałów wtórnych i ich rozkładu na powierzchni diamentów i produktów pochodnych metasomatycznie zmienionych kimberlitów
Autorzy:
Dvoichenkova, Galina
Chanturiya, Valentin
Morozov, Valery
Podkamenny, Yury
Kovalchuk, Oleg
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
kimberlit
minerały wtórne
asocjacje
zawiesiny
diament hydrofilowy
flotacja
kimberlites
secondary minerals
associations
slurries
hydrophilic diamond
flotation
Opis:
The theoretical and experimental studies resulted in establishing regularities in the distribution of secondary minerals and their associations in metasomatically altered diamond-bearing kimberlites and products of their processing. Based on integrated mineralogical research, it was found out that the composition of the altered kimberlites and the fine-dispersed clayey slurries formed during their processing constituted the basis of hydrophilic formations on the surface of diamond crystals not recovered by the methods of grease and froth separation. Particles of these minerals concentrate in fine-dispersed slurry products of kimberlite ore processing, interact with the crystal surface, reduce their hydrophobic properties and, accordingly, recovery in processes of grease and froth separations into concentrates.
Przeprowadzono analizę teoretyczną i badania eksperymentalne w celu ustalenia prawidłowości w rozkładzie minerałów wtórnych i ich związków w metasomatycznie zmienionych diamentach kimberlitowych i produktach ich przetwarzania. Na podstawie zintegrowanych badań mineralogicznych stwierdzono, że zmienione kimberlity i drobnoziarniste produkty ich metamorfozy stanowiły hydrofilowe formacje na powierzchni kryształów diamentu, które nie zostały odzyskane metodami flotacji pianowej. Cząstki tych minerałów koncentrują się w drobno zdyspergowanych produktach przerobu rudy kimberlitowej, oddziałują z powierzchnią kryształu, redukują ich właściwości hydrofobowe i odpowiednio przechodzą w procesach flotacji do koncentratów.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2019, 21, 1; 43-46
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the layer-by-layer deposition technique to improve the hydrophilic properties of polypropylene nonwoven
Zastosowanie metody layer-by-layer do poprawy właściwości hydrofilowych włókniny polipropylenowej
Autorzy:
Zielińska, D.
Halacheva, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/238159.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologii Bezpieczeństwa Moratex
Tematy:
Layer-by-Layer
LbL
warstwa po warstwie
włóknina polipropylenowa
właściwości hydrofilowe
polypropylene nonwoven fabric
hydrophilic properties
Opis:
A new synthetic well-defined comb-like poly(ethylene imine) polymer (bPEI) was deposited onto polypropylene (PP) nonwoven using a layer-by-layer deposition technique (LBL). Such modification significantly changes the hydrophilic properties of the resulting material. FTIR analysis has been performed in order to confirm the modification of the PP nonwoven. It was observed that the surface wettability, capillarity and moisture sorption were substantially improved.
Metoda layer-by-layer (LBL) pozwala na nakładanie cienkich warstw na płaskie wyroby włókiennicze. W wyniku takiej modyfikacji ulegają zmianie właściwości hydrofilowe. Nakładano rozgałęzioną poli(etylenoiminę) (bPEI) na włókninę polipropylenową (PP). Za pomocą spektroskopii w podczerwieni potwierdzono nałożenie warstwy na włókninę. Stwierdzono, że znacząco poprawił się zarówno kąt zwilżania, włoskowatość jak i sorpcja wilgoci.
Źródło:
Techniczne Wyroby Włókiennicze; 2011, 1/2; 16-20
1230-7491
Pojawia się w:
Techniczne Wyroby Włókiennicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of hydrophilic globules with sodium alginate containing a lactic acid– chitosan complex
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131517.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs
hydrophilic globules
lactic acid-chitosan complex
physiological environment of vagina
vaginal mucosa
vaginal infections
Opis:
An important issue in the treatment of vaginitis is the amount of time the drug remains on the vaginal mucosa. If the contact time is too short, the drug cannot work effectively to ensure the correct pH in the vaginal environment. This study evaluated formulations of globules containing sodium alginate, lactic acid and chitosan with different pH and rheological properties. The experimental studies revealed that it is possible to produce a preparation with optimal pharmaceutical and application properties. The use of an appropriate ratio of lactic acid to chitosan in the complex and the appropriate concentration of sodium alginate produces a preparation with excellent properties to coat the surface of the vaginal mucosa.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2021, 26; 170-177
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of chitosan on the properties of gels protecting of the esophageal mucosa
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034174.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs
esophageal infections.
esophageal mucosa
gastro-esophageal reflux
hydrophilic gels
physiological environment of gastro-esophageal
Opis:
Gastro-esophageal reflux is a term that defines the reverse flow of acid gastric contents into the esophagus. On the other hand, alkaline reflux occurs in the case when alkaline intestinal contents enter the esophagus. The aim of the study was to examine the pharmaceutical properties of gels for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux, covering the mucosa, allowing prolonged contact with the esophageal mucosa. Formulations containing the PVP K-30 showed the lowest pH, which is an important feature and can be used in the treatment of advanced alkaline reflux. Gels containing PVP K-90 and chitosan can be used in the treatment of acid reflux. The addition of chitosan significantly increased the dynamic viscosity of the tested gels. The study of the work of adhesion showed the effect of PVP K-30 and PVP K-90 and their concentration on the value of the work of adhesion. The presented studies have shown that it is possible to obtain gels with high adhesion to the esophageal mucous membrane.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2019, 24; 135-144
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza przekształceń oczek wodnych oraz ocena walorów przyrodniczych sródpolnych zbiorników w centralnej części Równiny Nowogardzkiej
Analysis of pond transformations and evaluation of the natural values of midfield water bodies in central part of the Nowaogard Plain
Autorzy:
Bosiacka, B.
Pieńkowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
krajobraz rolniczy
oczka wodne
roślinność hydrofilna
Równina Nowogardzka
agricultural landscape
hydrophilic vegetation
small water bodies
Nowogard Plain
Opis:
Badaniami objęto centralną część Równiny Nowogardzkiej, o powierzchni 440 km². Do analizy przekształceń oczek wodnych oraz oceny stanu ich zachowania posłużyły mapy topograficzne z końca XIX i XX w. (1: 25 000) oraz badania terenowe, przeprowadzone w lipcu i sierpniu 2003 r. Ze względu na dużą dynamikę przekształceń małych zbiorników wodnych na badanym terenie celem pracy stało się określenie przemian oczek w zależności od sposobu użytkowania terenu w czasie ostatnich stu lat oraz ocena wartości przyrodniczych śródpolnych zbiorników na postawie charakterystyki związanej z nimi flory i roślinności wodno-bagiennej. Na podstawie analizy materiałów kartograficznych stwierdzono zróżnicowanie zanikania oczek wodnych w zależności od użytkowania terenu. Spośród 543 oczek wodnych, występujących pod koniec XIX w., do drugiej połowy XX w. przetrwały zaledwie 182 zbiorniki. Z grupy zbiorników występujących na obszarach o niezmienionym sposobie użytkowania najwięcej zanikło na polach, gdzie z 266 oczek (koniec XIX w.) pozostało 70 akwenów. Wśród obecnie istniejących oczek śródpolnych, obok przetrwałych obiektów, zanotowano także 17 oczek nowo powstałych. Roślinność występującą w obrębie odnalezionych w terenie 53 oczek scharakteryzowano na podstawie 239 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych. Wyróżniono 35 zbiorowisk roślinnych, w tym 12 regionalnie rzadkich i zagrożonych. We wszystkich oczkach łącznie zanotowano 187 gatunków roślin naczyniowych i mszaków, w tym wiele cennych przyrodniczo - chronionych, zagrożonych i regionalnie rzadkich.
Studies were conducted within central part of the Nowogard Plain of the total area of 440 km². Topographic maps from the end of the 19 th and 20 th century (1:25 000) and field studies carried out in 2003 provided data for analysis of pond transformation and for evaluation of pond preservation. Considering a high dynamics of transformation of small ponds within the studied area, determination of ponds transformation in relation to land use over previous hundred years and evaluation of natural values of midfield ponds based on characteristics of their flora and wetland vegetation were the aim of the studies. Analysis of the cartographic materials revealed differentiation of pond disappearance related to the land utilization systems. Only 182 out of 543 ponds present at the end of the 19 th century remained till the second half of the 20 th century. Within the group of ponds that occurred in areas of unchanged land use, the highest level of their decline was observed in fields (70 ponds remaining out of 266 ponds recorded at the end of the 19 th of century). Among the presently observed midfield ponds, apart from preserved objects, 17 newly formed water bodies were noted. Vegetation of 53 midfield ponds was characterized based on 239 phytosociological releves. Thirty five plant communities were determined including 12 regionally rare and endangered. A total of 187 species of vascular plants and bryophytes, including many valuable - protected, endangered and regionally rare, were found in all analyzed water bodies.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2004, T. 4, z. 2a; 335-349
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research of hydrophilic globules containing a lactic acid-chitosan complex
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs
hydrophilic globules
lactic acid-chitosan complex
physiological environment of vagina
vaginal infections
vaginal mucosa
Opis:
Gynecological scientific journals report that traditional therapeutic regimens used to treat vaginal inflammation recommended by global treatment centers and health organizations are not producing satisfactory results. Insufficient duration of the drug’s contact with vaginal mucosa does not provide adequate pH conditioning the physiological biocenosis of the organ. The conducted research and obtained positive results encourage further research possibilities in the field of optimization of pharmaceutical properties of the examined gynecological preparations. Assuming the above assumptions tested impact of polyvinylpyrrolidone K-15, polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 in the properties of the globules. The study was prepared formulations with different pH and rheological properties. The device simulating the conditions in the vagina, studied the adhesion and movement of the gel on the mucosa of the organ. Globules after application of the apparatus simulates the natural conditions in the gel passes and cover the surface. A wide range of pH of the gels allows the selection of the optimum formulation.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2020, 25; 143-150
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The properties of intravaginal globules containing a lactic acid-chitosan complex
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs
hydrophilic globules
lactic acid-chitosan complex
physiological environment of vagina
vaginal infections.
vaginal mucosa
Opis:
Continuing the implementation of research on the problem of treatment of vaginal pH disorders, intravaginal globules were examined as vaginal drug form which carries the lactic acid complexes with chitosan. The intravaginal application of globules that transform into gel under natural conditions is aimed at achieving the physiological pH of the vaginal environment. Formulations were prepared with varying pH and rheological properties. The test showed the work of adhesion of gels. All gels with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 of lactic acid to chitosan showed a pH in the physiological range at 37°C. Additional hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and excipients allows various formulations with a wide range of pH to be obtained. Rheological investigation revealed an increase in the dynamic viscosity of preparations containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in comparison to the gels without hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The study of the work of adhesion showed the effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and their concentration on the value of the work of adhesion.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2019, 24; 127-134
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of a pectin on the properties of hydrophilic powders containing a lactic acid-chitosan complex
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs
hydrophilic powders
lactic acid-chitosan complex
physiological environment of vagina
vaginal infections
vaginal mucosa
Opis:
Gynecological powders are designed to correct abnormal pH environments of the vagina and the stabilise the pH to the physiological state 3.5-5.0. Powders were transformed into gels and were tested for their properties. Formulations were prepared with varying pH and rheological properties. The test showed the work of adhesion of gels. All gels with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 of lactic acid to chitosan showed a pH in the physiological range at 37°C. Additional pectin and excipients allows various formulations with a wide range of pH to be obtained. Rheological investigation revealed an increase in the dynamic viscosity of preparations containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan and pectin in comparison to the gels without pectin. Studies of work of adhesion showed the effect of glycerol, 1,2-propylene glycol and their concentration on the value of the work of adhesion. The results obtained in the experimental studies demonstrated that it is possible to produce a preparation with optimal pharmaceutical and application properties.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2017, 22; 135-142
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of a hydrophilising substance on the viscosity of gynaecological gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs.
calcium alginate
hydrophilic gels
lactic acid complexed with chitosan
thermosensitive polymerpoloxamer 407
vaginal infections
Opis:
Thus ensuring a continuous action of a drug also during daily activity time of a patient is a vital question in gynaecological treatment. The main problem in applied therapies is to maintain the continuity of treatment during 24 hours. The addition of 5-25% glycerol or 1,2-propylene glycol decreases the pH of investigated gels with calcium alginate to 4.20 to 4.88 (1:1) and 3.69 to 4.19 (2:1); 4.29 to 4.88 (1:1) and 3.62 to 4.40 (2:1). The addition of 5-25% glycerol or 1,2-propylene glycol increases the dynamic viscosity gels with calcium alginate from 595.14 to 820.25 for 1:1 and 640.15 to 769.12 for 2:1; 585.40 to 815.56 for 1:1 and 648.52 to 780.10 for 2:1 ratios. Rheological investigations revealed an increase in the dynamic viscosity of preparations containing poloxamer 407 with the addition of calcium alginate and glycerol or 1,2-propylene glycol in comparison to the reference gels.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2012, 17; 125-132
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of a hydrophilizing substance on the properties of thermosensitive hydrophilic gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs.
hydrophilic gels
lactic acid complexed with chitosan
pectin
thermosensitive polymer-poloxamer 407
vaginal infections
Opis:
Commonly applied drug forms tend to leave the vagina when the patient assumes an upright position. Permanent contact of the drug form with the vaginal mucosa during daily activities of the patient is an indispensable condition for 24-hour therapy. This condition may be fulfilled by drug forms with high ability to adhere to vaginal mucosa. The investigations demonstrated that the thermosensitive polymer - poloxamer 407 increases significantly the adhesive properties of hydrophilic gels, but at the same time it increases their pH. The use of pectin resulted in a decrease of the pH. The addition of glycerol or 1,2-propylene glycol caused further decrease of the pH. Rheological investigations demonstrated positive pharmaceutical properties of the investigated preparations. The obtained parameters gels should provide positive application effects. The investigations revealed that it is possible to obtain gels with high adhesion properties to vaginal mucous membrane.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2011, 16; 105-110
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of pectin and chitosan on the properties of gels protecting the oesophageal mucosa
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131516.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs
gastro-oesophageal reflux
hydrophilic gels
oesophageal infections
oesophageal mucosa
physiological environment of gastro-oesophagus
Opis:
Among the diseases of the digestive tract, gastro-oesophageal reflux is one of the most troublesome ailments. It is estimated that in highly developed countries, reflux symptoms occur in about 5%-10% of people every day. It has also been found that about 20% of people experience such symptoms once a week. The incidence of this disease increases with age, regardless of gender. The aim of the study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of gels intended for the protection of the oesophageal mucosa. Preparations containing 3.0% pectin showed the lowest pH. These gels can be used in the treatment of advanced alkaline reflux. The addition of chitosan to all tested gels increased their pH and dynamic viscosity. The texture tests showed the effect of pectin concentration on the adhesion work of the tested gels.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2021, 26; 162-169
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of dextran in gynecological powders containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan
Autorzy:
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
anti-inflammatory drugs
hydrophilic powders
lactic acid complexed with chitosan
physiological environment of vagina
vaginal infections
vaginal mucosa
Opis:
Powders for gynecological use pass under natural conditions in gels covering the vaginal mucosa. This study has shown the impact of used excipients and the ratio of lactic acid to chitosan on pH, dynamic viscosity and adhesiveness of methylcellulose gels obtained from powders. All gels with complexes in the ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 (lactic acid:chitosan) showed a pH in the physiological range 3.5-5.0 at 37°C. The addition of dextran and excipients to these complexes allows various formulations over a wide range of pH to be obtained. Rheological investigations revealed an increase in the dynamic viscosity of preparations containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan and dextran in comparison to gels without dextran. Studies of the work of adhesion showed the effect of glycerol, 1,2-propylene glycol and their concentrations on the value of the work of adhesion. The presented work shows that it is possible to obtain gels with high adhesion properties to vaginal mucous membrane.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2017, 22; 143-150
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ właściwości związków organicznych na efektywność procesów uzdatniania wody - podstawy teoretyczne
Effect of organic compounds on the efficiency of water treatment processes – theoretical basics
Autorzy:
Pietrzyk, A.
Papciak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/105321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
naturalna materia organiczna
frakcja hydrofilowa
frakcja hydrofobowa
uzdatnianie wody
natural organic matter
hydrophilic fraction
hydrophobic fraction
water treatment
Opis:
Naturalną materię organiczną (NOM) można określić jako mieszaninę złożonych związków organicznych, które powszechnie występują w wodach powierzchniowych i podziemnych. Wysoka zawartość NOM w ujmowanych wodach przyczynia się m.in. do pogorszenia właściwości organoleptycznych wody, zmniejsza efektywność jednostkowych procesów uzdatniania, a także jest przyczyną powstawania ubocznych produktów utleniania i dezynfekcji (UPU/D), wykazujących właściwości kancerogenne i mutagenne. Skuteczna eliminacja NOM stanowi obecnie jeden z głównych problemów występujących na stacjach uzdatniania wody. W niniejszym artykule dokonano szczegółowej charakterystyki substancji organicznych, z uwzględnieniem rozdziału składników NOM na frakcje hydrofobowe (głównie wysokocząsteczkowe substancje humusowe) oraz frakcje hydrofilowe (związki niehumusowe). Rozdział substancji organicznych jest istotnym zagadnieniem, któremu obecnie poświęca się coraz więcej uwagi. Jedną z powszechnie stosowanych metod pozwalającą określić zawartość frakcji hydrofobowych i hydrofilowych jest metoda frakcjonowania z zastosowaniem żywic jonowymiennych. Rozdzielanie składników NOM stosuje się głównie w badaniach dotyczących określenia możliwości powstawania UPU/D, gdyż każda z wymienianych frakcji wykazuje odmienny stopień reaktywności ze środkami chemicznymi. W artykule oceniono wpływ właściwości związków organicznych na efektywność procesów technologicznych stosowanych w uzdatnianiu wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi. Stosowane technologie wykazują zróżnicowaną skuteczność w usuwaniu NOM, dlatego też przy wyborze odpowiedniej metody coraz większą uwagę powinno zwracać się m.in. na właściwości substancji organicznych zawartych w ujmowanych wodach.
Natural organic matter (NOM) can be defined as a mixture of complex organic compounds that are commonly found in surface water and groundwater. The high content of NOM in captured water contributes to reduce the organoleptic properties of water, reduce the efficiency of individual treatment processes, and to cause the formation of oxidation and disinfection byproducts (O/DBPs) with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Efficient NOM elimination is one of the major problems of water treatment plants. In this article, a detailed description of organic substances has been made, taking into account the separation of NOM components into hydrophobic fractions (mainly high molecular weight humic substances) and hydrophilic fractions (non-humic compounds). The separation of organic substances is an important issue that is becoming more and more attention nowadays. One of the commonly used methods to determine the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fraction is the fractionation method using ion exchange resins. Separation of NOM components is mainly used in the determination of the potential O/DBPs formation, since each of the fractions listed exhibits a different degree of reactivity with chemical agents. In this article the influence of the properties of organic compounds on the efficiency of technological processes used in the treatment of water intended for human consumption has been evaluated. Applied technologies have differentiated efficacy in removal NOM. Therefore, when choosing the right method, attention should be paid to inter alia, on the properties of organic substances contained in the captured water.
Źródło:
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury; 2017, 64, 4/II; 107-120
2300-5130
2300-8903
Pojawia się w:
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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