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Tytuł:
Theory and Practice in Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Bossowski, Józef Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
criminal law
theory of criminal law
judicial application of criminal law
Opis:
The paper is an English translation of Teoria i praktyka w prawie karnym by Józef Jan Bossowski published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1924. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz Uniersity, Poznań.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 10; 401-412
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Określanie granic karalności w procesie kształtowania się rosyjskiego prawa karnego
Autorzy:
Willer, Ralf
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Russian criminal law, Soviet criminal law
Opis:
Not all actions taken towards the commitment of a crime contain a sufficient degree of social danger to justify a reaction with the strong means of criminal law. But at what stage of crime does criminal liability begin? Preparation? Attempt? This article intends to determine the point at which a behaviour turns from being inoffensive into being socially dangerous in the history of Russian criminal law, assuming that the social and political changes Russia experienced within the past 150 years could not have been without impact on it. As a matter of fact, the determination of the aforementioned „sufficient degree” of social danger widely depends on the aims a legislator strives for with its criminal laws. The more repressive the intent, the earlier liability begins. In criminal science objective and subjective approaches, as well as a set of unifying theories, intend to substantiate the minimal conditions of punishment for uncompleted crimes. Unlike the objective approach, requiring a real danger for the concrete object of crime, the more repressive subjective theory basically founds pre-completing liability on the pure intention of the subject of crime. Russian criminal law began considering the beginning of criminal responsibility in the mid 19th century. The first criminal code of 1845, mainly influenced by the objective approach, did not fit the stoutly repressive interests of the empire’s regime. The 1864 modifications of the criminal code introduced a unifying approach, clearly dominated by subjective elements. Repression from then on would mainly depend on the criminal’s view on his behaviour (art. 115 criminal code of 1864), even if punishment for preparation of crime remained exceptional. Acts on criminal law by the Soviet government were to begin with unstructured, but repressive. Surprisingly, the first criminal codes did not strongly disagree with the empire’s traditions. The turning point towards complete arbitrariness is marked by the 1926 Criminal Code, which introduced a material concept of crime giving up „formal confinements” of tribunals. Soviet authors may have always pretended an objective background of the material approach founded on the subject’s social danger, but the repressive purposes and results clearly demonstrate its subjective nature. This is particularly clarified by the impact of the new code on the beginning of criminal liability. In order to amplify the society’s power of impact against crime (and subversion), the criminal code provided for regular liability of attempt and preparation of crime. It abandoned limitations stipulating that preparation shall be considered as any „creation of requirements for a crime”. It hence opened responsibility for any kind of real or alleged action, or even omission, and made preparation of crime (especially of counterrevolutionary acts) one of the main incriminations during Stalin’s repression period. Not abandoning the material concept, the 1960 and 1996 Criminal Codes sustained the written elements of offence, and criminal law became more reliable again. Nevertheless neither the criminal code of 1960, nor the criminal code of 1996 abolished liability for preparation of crime, even if the later one restricts liability to preparation of grave and eminently grave crimes. Regardless of the fact that current Russian legal literature does not actively discuss the foundation of criminal liability, it appears very clear that since 1864 all Russian legislators (as well as most in the world) mainly started from subjective concepts when fixing the beginning of criminal liability. Soviet criminal law was thus unable to emancipate from the traditional approaches and even amplified arbitrariness under the criminal code of 1926. Today, the most excessive consequences of arbitrariness are eased by objective frictions, shown for instance in an obligatory mitigation of punishment for attempt and preparation of crime.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 7; 29-50
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bigamia w polskim prawie karnym
Bigamy in the Polish Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Charko, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
bigamy
criminal law
Opis:
Bigamy is a crime threatening the regularity of family functioning, whose basis, due to the cul-tural tradition and Polish law, makes monogamy marriage. In his article the author presents the origin of the bigamy crime and its statutory hallmarks. It is shown who, in what circumstances, and with fulfilling which conditions, can commit bigamy crime, as well as the statistic depiction of the crime has been presented.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2012, 14; 485-492
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inflacja normatywna w prawie karnym – rzeczywistość czy złudzenie?
Normative Inflation in Criminal Law – Reality or Fiction?
Autorzy:
Zgryzek, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035803.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-10
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
criminal law
amendments
Opis:
The author discusses the problem of excessive normative production in Polish legal system on the example of the changes implemented by amending the Code of Criminal Procedure. The article presents the changes implemented in the particular codes of criminal proceedings, starting with the first code of the independent Poland, the Code of 1928, followed by the amendments to that code, which remained in effect until December 31, 1969, as well as modified normative solutions remaining in effect prior to the change of the political and economic system, and concluding with the Code of Criminal Procedure which came into force on September 1, 1998. Such comparative study of the activity of the Polish Parliament between 1928 and 2017 reveals a severe excessive normative production with regard to criminal law in the recent years. The author argues that any normative changes to code regulations should be implemented only once the regulations subject to change have been tested in practice and have undergone an in-depth discussion in all groups that use the modified norms. As a positive example, the author enumerates the efforts of the Codification Commission of the Criminal Law, which resulted in the amendment of September, 2013, and compares it with the procedure of amending the Code of Criminal Procedure in March, 2016.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2017, 27, 1; 221-235
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Zaprzeczyć sobie aby móc wykładać zgodnie z sobą” — Juliusz Makarewicz o metodzie prowadzenia wykładu z prawa karnego państw burżuazyjnych w 1949 r.
„Self-contradiction with the aim of remaining a consistent lecturer” — Juliusz Makarewicz on the method of conducting a lecture on the criminal law of the bourgeois countries in 1949
Autorzy:
Redzik, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Juliusz Makarewicz
criminal law
Soviet criminal law
Lviv University after 1944
methods of teaching criminal law
Opis:
The article is devoted to the last years of the life of the outstanding Polish lawyer Juliusz Makarewicz. After 1944, he stayed in Lviv, despite incentives to leave for Wrocław. The memories of his pupils and letters to his family show that he did not see any difference between post-war Poland and Soviet Lviv. In 1946, he made efforts to teach at the Faculty of Law of the sovietised University of Lviv. He was accepted as a non-regular professor. He lectured on the criminal law of the bourgeois countries. Soon after, proceedings were initiated against him, accusing him of not evaluating the bourgeois criminal law from the point of view of the communist criminal law. In a letter addressed to the Ministry of Education in Moscow on 7 April, 1947, Juliusz Makarewicz explained why he had been lecturing using an encyclopaedic method rather than a comparative one. Throughout his life, he had been conducting comparative research on criminal law, giving lectures using the comparative method, and in Soviet Lviv he had discussed the criminal law of the so-called bourgeoisie, i.e. the democratic west, in an encyclopaedic way. Only in this way could he remain true to his views. The appendix to the article constitutes the content of the letter written by Juliusz Makarewicz to the Ministry of Education in Moscow.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 751-772
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy kar jest za dużo? Wokół Douglasa Husaka koncepcji kryminalizacji
Are there too many punishments? Around Douglas Husak’s concept of criminalization
Autorzy:
Peno, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
criminality
minimalism in criminal law
philosophy of criminal law
punishment
criminal responsibility
Opis:
The author endeavours to make a critical reflection on the concept of criminalization as formulated by Douglas Husak. D. Husak’s views on criminal policy are presented in a wider philosophical context and juxtaposed with assumptions of basic critical trends in criminal law science. Also, some suggestions are formulated to supplement Husak’s concept, who points out, above all, when punishment should not be applied. A supplement to Husak’s idea is a somewhat perverse attempt to collect model situations, in which recognition of an act as a crime can be justified (which the author himself tried to avoid). In addition, the article attempts to combine the philosophy of law with criminal policy and indicates the need to take into consideration philosophical foundations of criminal law policy.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2018, 16, 2; 177-201
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka uwag o potrzebie zachowania spójności pomiędzy prawem karnym a innymi dziedzinami prawa
Some remarks about the necessity of maintaining consistency between criminal law and other branches of law
Autorzy:
Jaworska-Wieloch, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-10
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
The subsidiarity of criminal law
criminal law and other branches of law
Opis:
The principle of subsidiarity of criminal law requires the location of the norms which regulate specific social relations beyond the branch of law which was adduced. On the one hand, it enables the realisation of the postulate, peculiar to the system of repressive law, to place the rules of conduct and the norms which regulate specific relations beyond criminal law. On the one hand, the intervention with criminalisation into relations regulated by other branches of law should enforce a significant synchronisation of the regulations of criminal law with the norms which are peculiar to a given branch of law. A legal system which features co-relations should represent consistency. As a result, the criminalisation of behaviour regulated by other branches of law deepens the connotations between them. The enracinement of legal regulations into an increasing number of new areas is the source of doubts associated with the lack of consistency between the particular regulations or, in the case of a strong drive of the criminal law to inscribe itself into legal norms which regulate a given sphere of life, to the negation of the capability of the criminal law to acquire functions which are set to this branch of law. On the basis of selected examples, the article attempts to reflect upon the legislator’s maintenance of the balance between these values.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2018, 28, 2; 27-42
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niekoľko poznámok k rekodifikáciám trestnoprávnych noriem v Slovenskej republike
Autorzy:
Madliak, Jozef
Porada, Viktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Criminal Law
Slovak Republic
Opis:
First the authors pay their attention to the issue of recodification of Slovak Criminal Code and Slovak Code of Criminal Procedure. They notice that for the first time was eliminated material element of factual ground of crime ( danger of crime to society) and now there is in the Slovak Republic pure formal conception of crime. The age limit of criminal liability was altered from 15 to 14 years as well. One of the results of the above mentioned contemporary formal conception of crime in the Slovak Republic is expanding of the special part of the Criminal Code, due to precising of factual grounds of crimes. In regard to Code of Criminal Procedure it is important to mention that after the recodification the term “bodies active in criminal proceedings” means merely the prosecutor and the police body. Into the main hearing were incorporated some contradictory elements. It subsequently brought up different opinions on course of main hearing forasmuch as the Code of Criminal Procedure does not determine this process precisely. At the end the authors notice that now, after receiving knowledge about various complications in Slovak criminal procedure it would by appropriate amend criminal law regulation in the Slovak Republic and eliminate known problems.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2009, 3(3); 55-68
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Extended Confiscation of a Material Benefit in Polish Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Krzysztof, Szczucki,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-11-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
forfeiture
criminal law
criminal procedure
Opis:
On 23 March 2017 the Sejm (the lower chamber of the Polish Parliament) passed the Act on Amending the Criminal Code and Numerous Other Acts23. In the reasons appended to the draft bill it was asserted that the law intended “to introduce into Polish substantive, executive and procedural criminal law amendments with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of mechanisms employed to deprive offenders of the benefits they accrued as a result of committing a crime”. This paper sets out to present a construction of Article 45 of the Polish Criminal Code as amended and to assess the correctness of the amendment, particularly in the context of the Polish Constitution and the Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the European Union.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2017, 71; 249-264
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is a World-Wide Concept of Criminal Law Possible in a Multi-Cultural World?
Autorzy:
Aleksander, Posłuszny,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902582.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
international criminal law
globalization
law and culture
concept of universal criminal law
Opis:
The article tries to provide an answer to whether it is possible and viable to establish a universal criminal law applicable worldwide. The author focuses on the relationship between culture and law. Special attention is devoted to the area of criminal law and the influence of cultural backgrounds in different societies, which makes an impact on controversial topics, and sometimes becomes a subject matter of penal law. The article considers issues linked to philosophy of law and comparative law, seeking answers in various doctrines and worldviews. It contains some reflections about globalization, considering it as a material process related to the evolution of legal orders. In conclusion, the author sets out to describe the evolution that has led to the creation of the existing system of international criminal law, and attempt to predict the future of legal cooperation in criminal matters.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 67; 97-113
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cybersecurity and International Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Bodó, Bálint-Imre
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Cybersecurity
Criminal Law
International Law
International Criminal Law
Genocide
Other Inhuman Acts
Opis:
In this paper I thoroughly discuss the possibility of committing crimes which would fall under the Rome Statute, with regards to the very notion of cybersecurity. I conclude that we need extensively empirical research and solution to many aspects pointed out in my paper. First, we need to find an acceptable definition of cybersecurity to work with this process, and in order to understand the world and possibilities it creates for us. Furthermore, the 1998 Rome Statute needs an update, because the world of the internet creates opportunities never seen before, and the international case law is unable to cope with such distinct acts. Therefore, I believe that we need to find the next „Nuremberg Trials”, the next generational solution to a world and crimes never seen before. We need the theoretical and legal revolution which did come after the World World II, and after the ICTY, ICTR and Sierra Leone ad hoc Courts. I truly hope that this short and hence mashup summarizing paper is just an indicator of papers and conferences to come, with solutions and more and more ideas on how we solve these two phased problems, namely having to find 1. An ultimate definition for cybersecurity 2. Having a solution of how to interpret it to the classical notion of International Criminal Law. if we conclude that we are unable to handle this issue, I suggest to create a panel on international or V4 level on either the reorganization of customary international criminal law under the Rome Statute or on the ever-changing definition of cybersecurity.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2022, 7, 1; 110-129
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Azyl w angielskim prawie karnym (XIII–XVI w.)
Autorzy:
Złamańczuk, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
sanctuary, English criminal law
Opis:
The paper analyzes the privilege of sanctuary in English criminal law between the 13th and 16th centuries. The general privilege of sanctuary belonged to all churches, chapels and churchyards. Any felon who had taken sanctuary could remain there for forty days. During that time he had to declare to the coroner whether he would stand trial or abjure the realm. If he chose the latter, he then had to confess his guilt before the coroner, swear to leave the country and never return without the king’s license. He was assigned the nearest port from which he should leave the country. If, during this forty days privilege of sanctuary, or while he was en route to the seaside, he was arrested and arraigned, he might plead the privilege of sanctuary. The private sanctuaries, created by a grant either from the Pope or from the king, usually imposed no time limit and gave protection for life. The sanctuary, therefore, could be used as a convenient base for planning criminal activities. No doubt, the privilege of sanctuary was frequently abused. As a result, judges became more hostile to the plea of sanctuary and in 1534 the privilege was taken away from all traitors. Sanctuary and abjuration disappeared in the Tudor period. In 1624, it was enacted that no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary be hereafter admitted or allowed in any case.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2011, 10; 47-69
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwość odebrania zwierzęcia stwarzającego zagrożenie dla życia lub zdrowia osób lub innych zwierząt
Possibility of taking away an animal that poses a risk to the life or health of persons or other animals
Autorzy:
Szczepańska-Kulik, Ilona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
animal protection
criminal law
Opis:
The proposed amendment to the Animal Welfare Act would add a provision that would allow an animal that poses a risk to human life or health or to other animals to be taken away, as is the case for animals subject to abuse. In the author‘s opinion, the prerequisites for taking away an animal as proposed seem to be too generally defined. “Creating a threat” or the perception of a threat is a subjective circumstance and should not be the only condition for issuing a decision to take away an animal. The Animal Welfare Act provides for the possibility of a forfeiture order, but this can only be made for the act to be criminalised, not for the mere ‘creation of a danger to life or health‘ by an animal.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2023, 3(79); 159-166
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w zakresie kary 25 lat pozbawienia wolności na gruncie Kodeksu karnego z 1997 r. oraz próba ich oceny
Autorzy:
Lachowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899275.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
criminal law
penalities
imprisonment
Opis:
The Act of 7 July 2022 deleted the penalty of 25 years of imprisonment from the list of penalties in Article 32 of the Polish Criminal Code. As a rule, such a solution should be assessed positively: after all, between a prison sentence of up to 15 years and a penalty of 25 years of imprisonment there was too large a gap, forcing the imposition of penalties that were not always fair. Such situations occurred in particular when, in a particular case, the penalty of up to 15 years of imprisonment appeared to be too lenient and the penalty of 25 years of imprisonment too severe. The problem, however, is that as a result of the amendment, the upper limit of imprisonment was increased to 30 years, which led to some inconsistencies in the Polish Criminal Code. In addition, such a legislative solution has resulted in a rather serious tightening of penalties for some crimes so far also punishable by 25 years of imprisonment, despite the fact that the number of crimes in this area is currently falling. This study attempts to assess the introduction of a sentence of up to 30 years in lieu of a 25 year’s prison sentence, taking into account the de lege ferenda postulates formulated so far in the relevant literature.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 93; 173-188
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O możliwym wykorzystaniu modeli argumentacyjnych w obszarze doktryny i praktyki prawa karnego materialnego – przyczynek do dyskusji
On the possible use of argumentative models in the doctrine and practice of substantive criminal law – a contribution to the discussion
Autorzy:
Fila, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120247.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
criminal law
argumentative models
act in criminal law
criminal law facts
prawo karne
modele argumentacyjne
czyn w prawie karnym
prawnokarne fakty
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia propozycję aplikacji stosowanych w teorii argumentacji modeli argumentacyjnych na potrzeby identyfikacji twierdzeń formułowanych w obszarze nauki i praktyki prawa karnego materialnego. Hipotezą badawczą uczyniono założenie, że wbrew pozorom, doktryna i praktyka prawa karnego nie powinny zamykać się tylko wewnątrz tradycyjnej argumentacji retoryczno-topicznej, albowiem mnogość wątków, przewijających się zarówno w obszarze nauki o przestępstwie, jak i innych działach prawa karnego materialnego, niejako wymusza sięgnięcie także po te argumentacje, które są właściwe dla innych modeli, a więc przykładowo dla modeli epistemiczno-technologicznego oraz komunikacyjnego. Tym sposobem wzajemne przenikanie się określonych typów twierdzeń, co uwypuklone zostaje w szczególności w odniesieniu do twierdzeń deontycznych, pozwala na różnicowania znaczenia prawdy w obszarze prawa karnego materialnego i skutkuje zachowaniem spójności metodologicznej pojawiających się na tym gruncie różnorakich w swej istocie argumentów.
The text proposes applications of argumentation models used in argumentation theory for the purposes of identifying statements formulated in the field of substantive criminal law science and practice. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that, contrary to appearances, the doctrine and practice of criminal law should not confine themselves only to the traditional rhetorical and topical argumentation, because the multitude of threads, appearing both in the field of criminal law science and other areas of substantive criminal law, somehow necessitates also reaching for arguments that are appropriate for other models, for example epistemic-technological and communicative models. In this way, the interpenetration of certain types of statements, which is emphasized in particular in relation to deontic statements, allows for the differentiation of the meaning of truth in the area of substantive criminal law, resulting in the methodological consistency of the various essentially heterogeneous arguments appearing on this ground.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2022, 84, 1; 23-36
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modele rozumowania dogmatycznego w prawie karnym
Methods of Criminal Interpretations
Autorzy:
Królikowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
criminal law
criminal procedure
methods of criminal interpretation
legal guarantees of accused
functions of criminal law
Opis:
There are few methods used by criminal lawyers determining how they approach to criminal provisions and final outcome in the procedural issue of being or not being held responsible for one’s conduct. It might be illustrated that the main characteristic is something close to osmolarity of deeds that are close but not directly in the scope of criminal provision. In Poland it is determined by the culture of reasoning founded in the dark times of communism and afterwards simply retranslated to new democratic concepts. The author asks a question how legal dogmatics in criminal law may be the vehicle of individual guarantee to be held not guilty. According to the author this is the beginning to question the system, not the final word.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 4 (60); 17-37
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What is ‘economic criminal law’?
Autorzy:
Dębowski, Michał Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
economic criminal law
white collar crime
object of crime
trading
Polish criminal law
Opis:
The objective of this paper is to reconstruct the meaning of term ‘economic criminal law’, which is imprecise but widespread in Polish legal culture. It also aims to compose an adequate definition of the concept denoted by this name. The author applied an array of methods: analysis of scholarly statements, historical and comparative analysis as well as the analysis of the law in force. The term ‘economic criminal law’ is a product of linguistic convention manifesting itself in legal discourse. In search of its meaning the author relied mainly on scrutiny of the wording of the discussed name. The content of this notion is composed of so-called economic offences. It was essential to determine common characteristics of such crimes. Having rejected so-called subjective conceptions and ideas referring to criminology and sociology, the author posited the object of a type of crime as the definition’s rudiment. A proper description of the common generic object of economic crimes assumes a compromise between vagueness and rigidity of lengthy enumerations. ‘Economic criminal law’ can be described as a peculiar division of substantive criminal law distinguished by legal theory and practice. It is composed of regulations that establish types of crime, which share a common main generic object of protection which (in a historical and cultural context) are relevant bases of proper trading both in internal, and in external aspects. These two dimensions represent relations between trading participants and institutions and rules of trading, respectively.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2022, 37; 27-41
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Commentary to the Supreme Court resolution of 20 september 2018, I KZP 5/18
Autorzy:
Wróbel, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1596768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
employee in criminal law
criminal and legal protection of employee rights
criminal law
employment relationship
Opis:
The Supreme Court, in the ruling which is subject to this commentary, addresses the notion of an employee referred to in Article 218 § 1a of the Criminal Code. The court discussed the issue of the designation and limits of the notion of “employee” and the subject-matter of protection of the provision referred to above along with its scope. The commentator – in this context – analyses the Supreme Court’s thinking. The commentary’s author agrees in most part with the belief that “the scope of Article 218 § 1a CrC covers only persons who are employees within the meaning of Article 2 LC and Article 22 § 1 and § 11 LC”, though he deems it incomplete as one also needs to take into account Article 8(2a) of the act on social insurance, where – with regard to social insurance – the notion of an employee is slightly broader than the one included in the provisions of the Labour Code. The commentator believes it legitimate that the subject-matter of protection of Article 218 § 1a CrC includes all employee rights resulting from an employment or social insurance relationship. The commentator shares the de lege ferenda postulate for the “protection under Article 218 § 1a CrC to include also persons in employment relationships other that a contract of employment” and, which the Court did not address in the discussed resolution, the civil law relationship referred to in Article 8(2a) of the Social Insurance Act.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2019, 27, 3; 205-216
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityczność dyskusji o prawie karnym
Criminal Law as a Political Matter
Autorzy:
Klarman, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566900.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Criminal Law
Political Discourse
Polska
Opis:
The time of the turn XX and the XXI century in Poland is a period in which the discussion of crime and methods of fighting it is very vivid. People interested in the matter are not only lawyers but, what is more important, also politicians, journalists and, thanks to media, ordinary citizens. The main interest is focused on the ways of reacting to crimes. Questions traditionally asked are: "Will the crime rate decrease when the punishment is more severe?" and, consequently "Should we make law stricter because of the increasing crime rate?". The cause of the discussion is a reform of criminal law, especially some points of new criminal code introduced in 1997, and some proposals of other amendments. Obviously, the tendency to follow strict criminal policy is a combination of many different factors, among others are the fear of crime and the feeling of insecurity, which have been increasing gradually along with the real increase in crime rate. The growing fear of crime was also broadly presented in media. The feelings were used by politicians, who included they ways of fighting the problems in their political programs and election campaigns.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2007, 6 - Odmiany dyskursu politycznego; 107-139
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O zbędności jednego z typów uprzywilejowanych zabójstwa – dzieciobójstwo w polskich kodeksach karnych
The unnecessary type of privileged homicide – infanticide in Polish Penal Codes
Autorzy:
Sekuła, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/528903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
criminal law
privileged types
infanticide
Opis:
Infanticide is a crime with a very interesting history. Over the centuries infanticide has come a long and complicated evolution under the influence of Christianity – from aggravated type of crime to the privileged one. The Polish penal provisions protect human life from the moment of conception until death. It refers to all people including children. However, children’s right to life is not treated the same way as adults when it comes to committing a murder. In case of infanticide possible sentences are much milder compared to a common murder. In the view of existing Polish legal system the issue of infanticide as a crime privileged raises many concerns on the theoretical and practical basis despite many attempts to treat it as a common murder.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2014, 4; 39-49
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Normatywna i semantyczna konstrukcja winy w polskim prawie karnym. Językoznawcze uwagi de lege ferenda
Normative and Linguistic Structure of Guilt in Polish Criminal Law. Linguistic Remarks de lege ferenda
Autorzy:
Falana-Jafra, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
guilt
intention
Polish criminal law
Opis:
The aim of the article is to analyse the normative concept of guilt currently adopted by the Polish legislator from the semantic perspective. Under Polish law, imputation of a perpetrator of a criminal act is a prerequisite for incurring criminal liability. The perpetrator who cannot be blamed is not punishable and is not treated as a criminal. The legislator distinguishes two forms of guilt: intentional, which is synonymous with intention, and unintentional. Both intentional and intentional guilt are subject to further gradations in the Act, which often raises serious difficulties in judicial practice. In the article, the author strives to formulate the linguistic postulates de lege ferenda, which helps avoid interpretation doubts by changing the wording of language related to the construction of guilt in criminal law.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2020, 27, 1; 31-44
1233-8672
2450-4939
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of International and European Law on the Development of Environmental Protection Through Criminal Law in Poland
Autorzy:
Łyżwa, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
environment
protection
criminal law
crimes
Opis:
The issue of environmental protection through criminal law is primarily associated with the fight against the most serious attacks on the environment. The progressive degradation of natural ecosystems, which is an important consequence of the development of human civilisation, has shown that one of the most important challenges of modern man is to provide the environment with adequate and effective protection. It should be emphasized that although the main burden of such protection is implemented through administrative law and to a lesser degree through civil law instruments, the use of criminal law in environmental protection as an ultima ratio of this protection has proved to be absolutely necessary. Legal regulations regarding the criminal law protection of the environment in Poland have gone a long way in terms of development. It should be emphasized, however, that the shape and development of criminal law protection of the environment in Poland has been significantly influenced by European legislation, which was obviously related to Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 and international law, in particular the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, signed on March 3, 1973 in Washington, DC, and the Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, which was opened for signature in Basel on March 22, 1989. The article presents the most important issues related to the impact of European and international law on the development of environmental protection through criminal law in Poland.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2019, 11(1); 49-63
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena petycji w sprawie dokonania zmian w dekrecie z 1944 r. o wymiarze kary dla faszystowsko-hitlerowskich zbrodniarzy winnych zabójstw i znęcania się nad ludnością cywilną i jeńcami oraz dla zdrajców Narodu Polskiego
Assessment of the petition to amend the Decree of 1944 on Punishment for Fascist-Nazi criminals guilty of murdering and tormenting civilians and prisoners of war, and for traitors of the Polish Nation
Autorzy:
Podraza, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
petition
death penalty
criminal law
Opis:
The subject of the petition is to change the sanction specified in Article 1 of the Decree is such a way that it would modify the sanction to become a differentiated one. In the author’s opinion, despite the fact that the penalty of life imprisonment for the crime specified in the August Decree is strictly defined, the court can differentiate it, in particular to convicting to 25 years of imprisonment. It should also be borne in mind that the probability of the actual application of the sanction specified in the August Decree is minimal.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2020, 3(67); 273-279
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected problems of criminal law as an instrument of social control in relation to youth delinquency
Autorzy:
Martina, Urbanová,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
law
criminal law
criminalization
criminal behavior
delinquency
social control
Opis:
Social pedagogy is closely linked to the law as an instrument of social control where criminal law is a result of a certain effort to solve or control social problem. This problem is currently about increasing number of delinquent youths which has its own specifics. The aim of the paper is to point out, with the help of critical legal analysis, the difficulty of effectively solving (controlling) this problem with the help of criminal law, which determines what will be criminalized, what will be decriminalized or outside the interest of criminal law. It turns out that some measures lead to the rise of experts and their power, unintended results, and violation of the principle of innocent until proven guilty.
Źródło:
Papers of Social Pedagogy; 2020, 13(1); 54-66
2392-3083
Pojawia się w:
Papers of Social Pedagogy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Luka Breneselović, Die wissenschaftskritischen Zuordnungen von Franz von Liszt. Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der Modernen Schule des Strafrechts, Berlin: Duncker Humbolt 2020, ss. XVIII+583. ISBN 978-3-428-15978-9
Luka Breneselović, Die wissenschaftskritischen Zuordnungen von Franz von Liszt. Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der Modernen Schule des Strafrechts, Berlin 2020.
Autorzy:
Redzik, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2232224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Fundacja im. Aliny i Leszka Allerhandów
Tematy:
Franz von Liszt (1851-1919)
criminal law scholarship
the sociological school of criminal law
Opis:
A review of the detailed study devoted to one of the most distinguished Austrian lawyers at the turn of the XIXth and the XXth century, a co-founder of the modern school of criminal law, categorized most often as the sociological school of criminal law.
Źródło:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda; 2022, 5, 1 (9); 236-241
2657-7984
2657-800X
Pojawia się w:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Penalizacja czynów seksualnych wobec małoletnich – rozważania na tle prawa kanonicznego i polskiego prawa karnego
Autorzy:
Wojnicz, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
minor, sexual violence, canonical criminal law
Opis:
Sexual violence of adults against minors is a serious crime that can not be accepted and tolerated under any circumstances. This crime affects the sphere of taboo, intimacy and innocence and thus destroys the most important stage in human life. For these reasons, it is not surprising that both canonical criminal law and secular criminal law severely penalize this category of deeds. The object of protection is the good of the child.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2020, 26, 2; 59-72
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Terminological and historical backgrounds of the criminal law development: from the private law sector to the public law sector
Autorzy:
Schneiderová, Anna
Jáger, Róbert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
criminal law
history
private law
public law
terminology
Opis:
The paper describes the development of criminal law as the originally private law sector and points to changes that ultimately have changed the nature of criminal law so that it is now considered to be a public law sector. Criminal law during the period of the high and late Middle Ages on the territory of Slovakia had the character of a public law sector. Recovery after committing the crime was left to the injured person or his family. The relationship between the injured (or his survivors) and the perpetrator was largely private in nature. The state originally did not interfere or interfere only at a minimum with this relationship. Only in the course of time has this element of a largely private legal relationship been also given a public-law element, only in the age of Modern Times the criminal-law relations had the character of public law. This article describes the changes that have occurred in the course of time in the area of criminal law, the ways of punishment, and the changes which have led to the transformation of criminal law into the public law sector
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2018, 38, 3; 295-304
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Groźba karalna jako przykład przestępczego aktu mowy. Analiza w ujęciu pragmatyczno-kognitywnym
A criminal threat as an example of a criminal speech act. Pragmatic and cognitive analysis
Autorzy:
Falana-Jafra, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3201053.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Kultury Języka
Tematy:
threat
criminal speech acts
pragmatics
cognitivism
criminal law
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to show the peculiarities of a criminal threat as a criminal speech act. Its first part is devoted to outlining the concept of criminal speech acts as ones the performance of which may entail criminal consequences. The second part deals with a threat understood as a speech act in the context of linguistics, and the third part discusses a criminal threat as a criminal speech act, taking into account its characteristics under Polish law. The issues addressed in the article are interdisciplinary in nature, combining issues from both linguistics as a human science and law as a social science. The linguistic approach to threat is based on cognitive pragmatic analysis.
Źródło:
Poradnik Językowy; 2023, 800, 1; 29-39
0551-5343
Pojawia się w:
Poradnik Językowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Committing a Crime as a Reason to Limit the Ability to Perform Functions in Local Government Administration
Autorzy:
Bojarski, Janusz
Daśko, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1977271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
criminal law
elections
electoral law
legal policy
Opis:
2018 local self-government elections in Poland were special ones. Brought to light mismatching of provisions of the Electoral Code and Act on Local Self-Government Employees and attempt to use it to obtain an advantage in fight for political power caused political emotions and legal controversies. The aim of this article is presents limits imposed by criminal law on right to be elected in this type of elections and more general, role of criminal law as a tool in politics. The article presents a problem of conflict of legal regulations regarding the right to be elected and perform a public function in a local self-government unit as a problem of conflict between will of voters and attitude of politicians to creation of law and aim they try to obtain.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2019, 4 (48); 663-674
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contentious Issues Related to the Perpetrator of Bodily Harm or a Disturbance of Health in a Conceived Child
Autorzy:
Czochra, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
criminal law
conception
protection of life conceived
ultima ratio of criminal law
institution of guilt
Opis:
The Polish legislator has regulated the personal side of the offence of bodily injury in a child conceived in a manner different from the regulations adopted for crimes related to causing injury to the health of a born person. In the current legal framework, inadvertent harm to a conceived child or life threatening health disorder is not criminalised. Such a state of affairs leads to the issue of a possible amendment of Article 157a of the Penal Code regarding the punishability of unintentional acts. It seems (taking into account the birth criterion) that the legislator differentiates the protection of legal goods in the form of human life and health. It is indisputable that criminal law is an ultima ratio, applied when other legal means are not adequate to the rank of the protected good. However, despite the fact that there are civil regulations on this subject, it seems that they are not a sufficient means of protecting the legal goods in question. For this reason, this discourse proposes several solutions with regard to the subjective part of the offence of Article157a PC.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 4; 21-37
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The common law approaches to identity theft: Implications for Hungarian law reform
Podejście do kradzieży tożsamości w systemach prawa zwyczajowego – implikacje dla zmian prawa na Węgrzech
Autorzy:
Tóth, Dávid
Gáti, Balázs
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30011188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
identity theft
cybercrime
criminal law
jurisprudence
Opis:
The incidence of identity theft is escalating, especially in international contexts. Owing to the advancement of information technology, crimes associated with this issue are borderless and can manifest anywhere. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the regulatory frameworks concerning identity theft in foreign jurisdictions. The essay not only considers theoretical aspects but also practical and criminological dimensions of the issue in question. As an outcome of the examination of these regulatory models, it is hoped that proposals de lege ferenda (‘regarding future law’) can be articulated for the Hungarian legislature.The initial segment of the article grapples with defining the phenomenon. There is no universally accepted definition of identity theft. Various terms are employed in foreign literature to describe the very phenomenon, including “identity theft” and “identity fraud.” Subsequent to the conceptual introduction, the study surveys the potential forms of identity theft.In the subsequent sections of the article, the regulatory models of identity theft in common law jurisdictions are analyzed. The regulatory frameworks of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia are subject to examination.In the concluding section of the study, recommendations for future legislation (de lege ferenda) are proposed.
Częstość występowania kradzieży tożsamości nasila się, zwłaszcza w kontekście międzynarodowym. Dzięki postępowi technologii informatycznych przestępstwa związane z tym zagadnieniem nie mają granic i mogą ujawnić się wszędzie. Celem tego badania jest analiza ram regulacyjnych dotyczących kradzieży tożsamości w obcych jurysdykcjach. Esej uwzględnia nie tylko aspekty teoretyczne, ale także wymiar praktyczny i kryminologiczny. Oczekuje się, że w wyniku zbadania tych modeli regulacyjnych zostaną sformułowane propozycje „de lege ferenda” (dotyczące przyszłego prawa) dla węgierskiego ustawodawcy. Początkowy fragment eseju zmaga się z definicją zjawiska. Nie ma powszechnie akceptowanej definicji kradzieży tożsamości. W literaturze zagranicznej stosuje się różne terminy do opisania tego samego zjawiska, w tym „kradzież tożsamości” i „oszustwo tożsamości”. Po wprowadzeniu koncepcyjnym w opracowaniu przeanalizowano potencjalne formy kradzieży tożsamości. W drugiej części merytorycznej przeanalizowano modele regulacyjne dotyczące kradzieży tożsamości w jurysdykcjach anglosaskich. Ramy regulacyjne Stanów Zjednoczonych, Wielkiej Brytanii, Kanady i Australii podlegają badaniu. W końcowej części proponujemy zmiany węgierskiej regulacji „de lege ferenda”.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2023, 7, 1; 1-13
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Karcenie małoletnich – kontratyp czy ekskulpant? Uwagi "de lege ferenda"
Autorzy:
Grudecki, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48564000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
criminal law
justification
excuse
upbringing
punishing
Opis:
The article is devoted to the assessment of the discipline of minors in terms of the criminal law. The offered considerations are focused on the future. In the author’s opinion, the use of non-pedagogical punishment in the educational process cannot be considered a legal activity due to the lack of the educators’ approval. The author tries to determine whether it is justified for the legislator to introduce into the legal system a justification of or an excuse for punishing minors. In his opinion the use of non-statutory justifications by the judicial authorities is unacceptable in a democratic state ruled by law – it is necessary to look for other instruments that would allow to exclude the criminal liability of parents or guardians who discipline their charges. Evidently, the use of nonpedagogical punishment is still common in the society. Therefore, disciplining minors is analyzed in terms of meeting the conditions of justification and excuse. The conducted system (a justification or an excuse), which, depending on the value of the child’s interests sacrificed by discipline, would exclude the unlawfulness of the disciplinary conduct or the guilt of a parent/guardian.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 91; 90-106
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawnokarne źródła inspiracji w prawie ochrony konkurencji i konsumentów
Autorzy:
Materna, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
competition law
consumer protection law
UOKiK
criminal law
Opis:
The article deals with the issue of referrals to the study of criminal law as sources of inspiration for the enforcement of public law rules of competition and consumer protection (Act of February 16, 2007, on Competition and Consumer Protection (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 275) (oukk)). It is now widely accepted in antitrust jurisprudence that although the liability of the parties to the proceedings before the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) is not of criminal nature, and fines imposed by the President of UOKiK are not penalties within the meaning of the Criminal Code, the rules of judicial verification of the correctness of UOKiK’s decisions imposing these sanctions should meet the requirements analogous to those applicable by a court adjudicating in a criminal case. However, while there is little doubt that antitrust authorities should be required to apply standards of protection of fundamental rights as derived from the study of criminal law and international sources (European Convention on Human Rights, Charter of Fundamental Rights), the issue of transferring to competition and consumer law other standards recognized in criminal law remains open. The current jurisprudence contains divergent positions on this issue. The Supreme Court emphasized that „there are no justified grounds for applying the provisions of the general part of the Penal Code under the regime of administrative liability” (case I NSK 4/18). On the other hand, it approved references by analogy to the solutions taken from the Criminal Code in the absence of similar provisions in the uokk (case I NSK 8/19) or in cases where competition law uses concepts taken from criminal law (case I NSK 62/18). The article presents both of the jurisprudence lines mentioned above. In addition, the article point outs issues of competition and consumer protection law in the case of which, in the author’s opinion, the use of concepts derived from the study of criminal law would be justified.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 93; 189-208
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza przepisów penalizujących finansowanie terroryzmu w polskim prawie karnym
The Analysis of the Offence of Financing of Terrorist Acts in Polish Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Palka, Karolina Judyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
terrorism
financing terrorism
criminal law
Polish criminal code
Opis:
This article concerns the regulation of the offence of financing terrorism. The text in a condensed and comprehensive way presents the evolution of this provision, its interpretation, as well as the impact of European regulations on it. The first chapter is a brief introduction. The second part describes the criminalization of these behaviors in the Polish Penal Code (Article 165a of the Penal Code). The last one is a short summary and a proposal of changes de lege ferenda.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2019, 5 (55); 53-68
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Human Dignity on the Principles of Criminal Liability. The Example of Guilt
Autorzy:
Krzysztof, Szczucki,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
criminal law
constitutional law
human dignity
guilt
culpability
criminal liability
Opis:
Human dignity is a well-known concept among Western countries since after World War II, when states, in an effort to create a new platform of cooperation with a view to guaranteeing peace, were looking for an axiological foundation of the new order. The findings described in the article may serve to underpin the following notions, which have to be the object of further research on relations between the human dignity principle and rules of criminal liability, guilt in particular. First, the “guilt standard” is obligatory, whenever a state intends to punish a person. Second, punishment can be meted out only to an offender with an ability to bear responsibility. In other words, only a person whose characteristic derived from the principle of dignity is fully actualized can be punished. Third, punishing should be preceded by an analysis of the degree of guilt. The more eager the perpetrator was to act against the legal system and against the values protected by it, the severer punishment should be meted out. Finally, law should provide for exclusion of culpability when the human dignity principle demands one to act in a manner that is outwardly criminal, but was committed due to a motivation that ought to be excused in the light of the dignity principle.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 67; 11-31
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podżeganie i pomocnictwo do czynu popełnianego za granicą
Aiding and abetting an act committed abroad
Autorzy:
Demenko, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
criminal law
abetting
aiding
transnational criminal law
jurisdiction
prawo karne
podżeganie
pomocnictwo
prawo karne międzynarodowe
jurysdykcja
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce odpowiedzialności karnej podżegacza i pomocnika za podżeganie lub pomocnictwo do czynów, które mają zostać popełnione poza terytorium Polski. Zgodnie z art. 18 § 2 i § 3 polskiego Kodeksu karnego nakłanianie do oraz ułatwianie popełnienia czynu zabronionego jest zabronione pod groźbą kary. Wątpliwe jest przy tym to, czy owe regulacje mają zastosowanie do sytuacji, gdy czyn, do którego popełnienia sprawca nakłania lub popełnienie którego ułatwia, ma być realizowany za granicą. Co do zasady możliwości takiej wyłączyć nie można. Istnieją jednak pewne kategorie czynów, w odniesieniu do których karalność podżegania czy pomocnictwa do ich zagranicznego popełnienia jest wyłączona. Po pierwsze, z uwagi na to, że znamię danej czynność wykonawczej może wypełnić jedynie zachowanie na terenie Polski, po drugie, dlatego że dane dobro może zostać zaatakowane tylko w kraju oraz, po trzecie, ponieważ wykonanie czynu za granicą nie będzie miało charakteru nieostrożnego, przekraczającego dozwolone ryzyko.
The paper discusses the problem of criminal responsibility of secondary parties for inciting and aiding an act that is committed outside of Polish territory. According to Article 18 § 2 and § 3 of the Polish Criminal Code, encouraging and supporting a prohibited act are under penalty. It is debatable whether those regulations apply if the advocated or assisted act is to be performed abroad. In principle, such a possibility cannot be excluded, but there are certain categories of acts in case of which aiding or abetting an out-of-country commitment shall not be penalized. Firstly because the prohibited act can be performed only on Polish territory, secondly because the protected good can be attacked only domestically, and thirdly, because the performance of the act abroad will not be of a reckless nature, exceeding the permitted risk.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2021, 83, 3; 139-151
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TRESTNÉ ČINY PROTI BRANNOSTI V KONTEXTE ODOPRETIA VÝKONU MIMORIADNEJ SLUŽBY A DOBROVOĽNEJ VOJENSKEJ SLUŽBY
Autorzy:
MIROSLAV, KELEMEN,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891862.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-09
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
security
criminal law
protected interests of state
Opis:
Security and law practice in Slovakia is confronted with the phenomenon of rejecting the performance of extraordinary service on the one hand and the potential of performing a voluntary military service. Practical implementation of the Arbitration Obligation stipulated in Act no. 570/2005 Z.z. about the new obligations in the wording of later regulations gets new impulses. The identification of these aspects as an object of investigation creates a perspective platform for a comprehensive assessment (identification, analysis and evaluation) of named phenomena that can help to protect the state’s interest in the exercise of state authority, in particular for the maintenance of peace, security and defense of the state and to prevent the illegal conduct of citizens, Against civilian service, against service in the armed forces, and against the defense of the homeland.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2017, 28; 136-143
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Karnoprawne i kryminologiczne aspekty przestępstwa plagiatu
Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of the Plagiarism
Autorzy:
Daśko, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
copyright
criminal law
criminology
plagiarism
copyright infringement
Opis:
The article consists of two parts. In the first, the author discusses the criminal law aspects of the crime under Art. 115 paragraph 1 of the Act on Copyright and Related Rights. The second part presents the results of empirical research. In order to learn the dynamics of convictions over the years, characteristics of perpetrators and types of punishments imposed by courts, the author collected and developed statistical data obtained from the Ministry of Justice. In order to examine the factual circumstances of plagiarism cases, as well as the correctness of the legal classification of offenses used by the courts, the author conducted a case study. The research covered cases ended with a final conviction in 2013–2017. The summary includes comments regarding problems with the legal classification of infringements of copyright and related rights as well as de lege ferenda postulates.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 3(59); 81-94
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Searching for the Roots. Vis vi depulsa in the Concept of Cicero
Autorzy:
Tarwacka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Self defence, force, Roman criminal law, Cicero
Opis:
The jurist Cassius is believed to be the author of the brocard Vim vi repellere licet . However, in Cicero’s speeches the are many fragments concerning repelling force by force. It therefore seems that it might have been him who had first made the rule common, maybe as vim vi depellere licet. The context in which the orator placed it, implied restoring order in the state, in which violence ruled. Cicero claimed that – in order for the law to prevail – it was first necessary to fight force with force. Only later was the rule transferred by the jurist into private law.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 77-88
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy prawo widzi różnice? – ocena polskiego stanu prawnego przy aktualnym zróżnicowaniu kulturowym i religijnym polskiego społeczeństwa
Does law see diferences? – evaluation of the Polish status at present cultural and religious diferentiation of Polish society
Autorzy:
Kleczkowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
CRIMINAL LAW
CULTURE
EXECUTIVE PENAL CODE
PENITENTIARY
Opis:
First part of the article deals with the legal regulations which approach the issue of cultural and religious diferentiation, analyzing the Polish Constitution and statutes. It is proceeded by general data about structure of Polish society in terms of ethnics and religion. Te second part focuses on criminal law rules, especially the Executive Penal Code. It includes the results of the poll conducted in the penitentiaries which was aimed at assessing how Polish criminal law copes with cultural diferences.
Źródło:
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne; 2013, 22; 104-119
1230-2392
Pojawia się w:
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Behalf of the People – against Citizens. Criminal Law Jurisdiction of National Committees in Terms of "Punishment" of Romanies in the Former Czechoslovakia
Autorzy:
Gecelovský, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/501373.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
criminal law
National Committees
Former Czechoslovakia
Roma
Opis:
-
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2012, 1(9); 141-148
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A legal good under art. 62(1) of the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction of 2005
Autorzy:
Tkaczyk-Rymanowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-15
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
legal good
drug possession
criminal law
constitution
Opis:
The focus of this article is the regulation of Article 62(1) of the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction of 29 July 2005, often referred to in literature as ‘possession for personal use’. The fundamental issue related to the subject matter pertains to the definition of the legal good in Art. 62(1) of the Act. Contrary to initial impressions, identifying this interest is neither simple nor unequivocal, as there may be doubts over whether such a good protected by law exists and, if so, whether it should be protected under criminal law. The article also explores the correlation of this legal good and the need to protect it with other legal goods protected by the Constitution (e.g. individual freedom). Additionally, the article also examines the significance of the consent of a holder of a given good for the exclusion of unlawfulness or the absence of any attack on the legal good. Behaviour undertaken with the consent of the holder, allegedly “violating” the legal good, is after all, an act that conforms to the norm from the outset, and therefore does not involve any element of unlawfulness. As such, it does not constitute a criminal act. There are doubts whether in the case of possession and use of drugs, there is a threat to the legal good or whether such conduct is lawful from the very beginning, given the consumer’s consent. The article critiques the existing criminal law regulations, and its key argument is the thesis that drug addiction is an issue of exclusively medical and social concern, rather than one of criminal law.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2023, 17, 2 ENG; 36-61
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Problem of Criminal Liability for Generating Pornography Using Artificial Intelligence
Autorzy:
Niedbała, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46629868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
artificial intelligence
child pornography
criminal law
deepfake
Opis:
The process of advancement of artificial intelligence (hereinafter: AI) seen in recent years results in breakthroughs in many areas of human life, such as medicine, agriculture, and science. However, despite its many advantages and benefits, it also inevitably creates room for abuse. This is particularly true of child pornography, where AI systems are increasingly being used to generate nude images of minors – both existing in reality and fictional. These cases, given much attention in the public debate, cause doubts as to whether existing normative solutions are suitable to combat this new phenomenon. The article aims to answer the question of whether the existing law makes it possible to successfully prosecute perpetrators who use AI systems to generate child pornography (including that depicting fictional characters). In addition, it also offers an analysis of the criminal liability of the developers of the AI systems used in this process and of the hosting providers managing the websites used to distribute such pornographic content.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2023, 15, 4; 69-79
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The new sexual offences in the light of digitalisation
Autorzy:
Ambrus, István
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899286.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
criminal law
cyberflashing
deepfake
revenge porn
upskirting
Opis:
Digitalisation has given rise to many new types of offences against sexual autonomy that previously either did not exist or at least were not so easily and quickly perpetrated. The first of these is the category of deepfakes. The term “deep” refers to the deep learning, AI-based technology; “fake” denotes a manipulation, which, in summary, is the use of algorithms to manipulate images or video footage to make it possible to mount someone’s face in a lifelike form on the footage – typically pornographic footage – that does not initially depict them. In practice, however, deepfakes are used not only in connection with pornographic content but often also to discredit political or business opponents. Revenge porn usually involves publishing pornographic images of the victim by the former partner out of jealousy or revenge for the break-up of a relationship. Such images or videos may be of the (typically nude) victim himself or herself, a sexual act between the perpetrator and the victim, or may be manipulated images rather than real ones, where revenge pornography is combined with deepfakes. Upskirting literally means “photographing under a skirt”, which typically involves taking unauthorised pictures or videos of female victims’ crotches. Of course, cameras existed before the advent of digitalisation, but it is only in the last decade or so that large numbers of people have a smartphone with the ability to take high-quality pictures of virtually every passer-by. Unfortunately, technological progress in this area has had a criminogenic effect, since it is easy to take such pictures or videos of an unsuspecting victim quickly and often unnoticed using a mobile phone. Cyberflashing is the phenomenon of sending a picture or video of the offender’s genitalia to the victim via a digital device without prior consent or agreement.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 93; 7-19
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regulacje w zakresie prawa karnego w statucie sochaczewskim z 27 kwietnia 1377 roku
The regulations in the field of criminal law in the Sochaczew statute (27 April 1377)
Autorzy:
Herod, Patrycja Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
mazovian law
criminal law
Sochaczew statute
manslaughter
villainy
Opis:
This article is the first comprehensive overview of the criminal regulations of the first Statute of Mazovia, which was announced by Prince Siemowit III of Masovia on April 27, 1377 in Sochaczew. The authoress examines 11 criminal laws, which cover more than half of the act. The article presents the legal and penal regulations concerning: the conditions of taking revenge, villainy (robbery and persistent thievery), broadly defined rape on a person, the amount of were-gild for murdering a Włodyka (a representative of lower knighthood) and a well-to-do peasant, complicity, the defamation of people of high rank (ie. the rebuke of nobility), the requirements on which one can exonerate themselves in court, as well as the amount of compensatory damages for beating or wounding a well-to-do peasant. While discussing specific legal articles, the authoress explains the basic notions concerning mazovian criminal law both substantive and procedural, in particular: the penalty of proscription, a vendetta, the penalty of infamy, the rebuke of nobility, exoneration, were-gild and punitive damages. At the same time, the article presents the issue of the death penalty and confiscation of one's property, which were the most severe penalties for convicted criminals. The article concludes with the summary of the conducted research.
Źródło:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2015, 22; 67-77
1232-1575
Pojawia się w:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępstwo pomówienia (zniesławienia) w teorii prawa karnego materialnego
The Crime of Slander (Defamation) in the Theory of Substantive Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Mrozek, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
slander
defamation
criminal law
crime
private accusation
Opis:
The article attempts to analyze the crime of slander (defamation) referred by the article 212 of the criminal law. At the beginning the author points out the object of protection against slander which embraces the good name of man, group of people, institutions, legal person or individual having no legal subjectivity. The concept of slander functions in everyday language as a synonym of the false accusation, i.e. the deliberate, false, unsupported attribution of specific, offending behaviour, which in fact did not happen. The slander consists in committing the crime of defamation, thus it has a nature of this crime. Secondly, the author analyses concepts concerning: the entity of an action that is prohibited, the signs identifying a result of causative action, the entity of an executive action, the signs of entity party, threats of punishment and penal measures, the confluence of acts and procedures for law enforcement. In the conclusion the author discusses circumstances excluding criminal responsibility for an accused action.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2012, 14; 525-539
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sedacja paliatywna i kontrowersje związane z jej stosowaniem
Palliative Sedation and Controversy Over Its Use
Autorzy:
Doroszewska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
sedation
palliative medicine
criminal law
depriving consciousness
Opis:
Sedation in palliative medicine is used to limit a patient’s consciousness, to ease his suffering. This paper discusses basic problems of criminal law related to the procedure of sedation, such as measuring the level of suffering, and methods of treating patients, both in hospital and in-home care. The paper presents similari- ties and differences between sedation and euthanasia, particularly in countries where both procedures are legal. It also considers possible legal consequences of the limitation of the patient’s consciousness, which affects the patient’s ability both to make everyday decisions and to take part in family life, as some theories consider that active participation in social life is important to fulfil one’s needs.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2019, 6 (56); 55-72
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SPORY WOKÓŁ OBRONY PRZEZ KULTURĘ W KONTEKŚCIE DEBAT NA TEMAT WIELOKULTUROWOŚCI
CULTURE DEFENCE STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEBATE OVER MULTICULTURALISM
Autorzy:
Kania, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
cultural bias
culture defence
multiculturalism
criminal law
Opis:
The main aim of this article is to introduce the concept of culture/cultural defence into the framework of current debates over multiculturalism. Culture defence is a rela-tively new legal strategy, which seeks to strengthen its own position as a formal strategy in criminal law, mainly in the common law system. It is based on the cognitive assump-tion that culture affects individuals’ perception of social reality to that extent that indi-viduals could lack the capacity to act with the full ignorance of culturally given norms. The concept of culture defence will be juxtaposed to the different approaches to multicul-turalism itself: to the concept of John Rawls’s theory of justice, to the concept of politics of difference as introduced by Charles Taylor, and to the politics of multiculturalism proposed by Will Kymlicka. This article reveals the question of legitimacy of culture defence as a crucial question bounded up with political philosophy, not exclusively em-braced by the philosophy of law.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2016, 14, 2; 151-163
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Compliance in the Public Sector in the Light of the Guidelines of the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau as a Means to Overcome Impossibility in Preventing Corruption
Autorzy:
Nowak, Celina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
corruption
compliance
criminal law
prevention of corruption
Opis:
The paper analyses the Guidelines issued in 2020 by the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau in Poland on the establishment and implementation of effective compliance programmes in the public sector. These guidelines constitute the very first Polish official document referring to compliance in the public sector. Its detailed critical analysis is therefore useful for the construction of compliance policies by public institutions, in order to prevent and possibly detect irregularities, including corruption, within these organisations.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2021, 13, 2; 18-28
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność za wydanie i wykonanie rozkazu o treści przestępnej w świetle ustawodawstwa karnego obowiązującego w II Rzeczypospolitej
Responsibility for issuing and carrying out an order with criminal content in light of the criminal legislation in force in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Romańczuk-Grącka, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31348405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
history of criminal law
military criminal law
military order
criminal responsibility
historia prawa karnego
wojskowe prawo karne
porządek wojskowy
odpowiedzialność karna
Opis:
Jednym z wyzwań odrodzonego po odzyskaniu niepodległości państwa polskiego było dążenie do ujednolicenia sądownictwa, w tym prawa karnego wojskowego. Droga do sukcesu nie była łatwa i w dużej mierze zależała od efektów prac nad kodyfikacją prawa karnego powszechnego. Losy obu wielkich kodeksów z 1932 r. były więc ze sobą splecione, zwłaszcza w zakresie odpowiedzialności karnej żołnierza za przestępstwo pospolite. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie regulacji prawnych dotyczących tego zagadnienia obowiązujących w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej w ujęciu ewolucyjnym. Analizie poddano zakres przedmiotowy i uwarunkowania formalne rozkazu w sprawach służbowych wobec żołnierzy oraz zasady odpowiedzialności związane z jego wydaniem i wykonaniem, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dynamicznie rozwijającej się w tym czasie zasady indywidualizacji winy. W tym celu porównano regulacje ustawodawstwa wojskowego z niektórymi instytucjami prawa karnego powszechnego, takimi jak podżeganie, pomocnictwo oraz – w mniejszym stopniu – nieodparty przymus.
One of the obvious challenges for the reborn Polish state after regaining independence was the pursuit of uniformity within the judiciary, including military criminal law. The road to success was not an easy one and it depended to a large extent on the effect of the works on the codification of common criminal law. The fate of the two great codes of 1932 was therefore intertwined, especially in respect to a soldier’s criminal liability for a common crime. The aim of the present article is to portray the legal regulations concerning this issue which were in force during the Second Polish Republic period from an evolutionary perspective. The objective scope and formal conditions of issuing an order in official matters in relation to soldiers as well as the rules concerning responsibility related to its issuing and execution were subjected to analysis. Particular emphasis was placed on the principle of individualization of guilt, which was dynamically developing at that time. For this purpose, the regulations of military legislation were compared with some institutions of common criminal law, such as incitement, aiding, and – to a lesser extent – irresistible compulsion.
Źródło:
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; 2023, 75, 2; 67-87
0070-2471
Pojawia się w:
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Juris aequalitas inter sexum et sexum Philosophical and Practical Issues of Human Rights, Anomalies, Excerpts from Criminal and Labor Law
Autorzy:
Izolda, Takács,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890509.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
equal law
gender discrimination
human rights
criminal law
labor law
Opis:
This study outlines the rules that have created full gender equality, starting from the first generation of human rights to equal treatment and then positive discrimination, also briefly referring to the theoretical foundations. The study also points out areas where, besides ius cogens, the disadvantages of women in everyday practice have remained particularly significant. Thus, the second part of the study addresses the main issues of criminal law and workplace discrimination, supported by examples. It is deemed necessary due to issues of labour law and criminal justice practice illustrating most clearly why ensuring equality before the law does not suffice. At the same time, the need for much more gender-sensitive legislation and legal redress is being formulated, especially in the areas mentioned above.
Źródło:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2019, 6(2); 90-103
2392-0092
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal abuse of power - selected criminal law issues using the example of police officers
Autorzy:
Kwasiński, Oskar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
abuse (excess) of power
criminal abuse of power
police
selected issues
criminal law issues
criminal law
police officers
public official
Opis:
The article features the crucial issues regarding the crime of abuse of power stipulated in Article 231 of the Polish Penal Code, based on cases that could be perpetrated by police offi cers. The author briefl y describes the basic elements of the structure of this crime, as seen through the eyes of the doctrine of criminal law and the judicatory. The author presents his own assessments, which shed new light on the questionable meanings of certain features of the crime in question. The key part of the work focuses on selected, thoroughly analysed, hypothetical cases of criminal abuse of power by police offi cers, and in this sense is a kind of case study.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2020, 139(3); 237-250
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Przestępca zawodowy” w ujęciu Kodeksu karnego – wybrane problemy wykładni art. 65 § 1 k.k.
Autorzy:
Michalska-Warias, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
professional criminal
professional crime
criminal law response to professional crime
Opis:
The paper is devoted to the analysis of a phrase describing a ‘professional criminal’ in Article 65 § 1 of the Polish Criminal Code (CC). The meaning of the amendment of 2004, which changed the description of the professional criminal, is discussed in detail. While earlier such a criminal was defined as a person who ‘has made the commission of offences his or her regular source of income’, since 2004 it is sufficient if the regular income comes from the ‘commission of an offence’. It is argued that this change means that also cases in which the offender commits only one offence that can be the source of long-lasting income should be treated as offences committed by the professional criminal under Article 65 § 1 CC. Yet, there are no sound criminal policy reasons supporting such a broad application of the provision. Furthermore, the case law examined in the paper demonstrates that in practice the courts assume that a regular criminal activity is the prerequisite for applying Article 65 § 1 CC. Therefore, the following amendment to the discussed provision is suggested: either to restore the previous description of the professional criminal as a person whose income comes from the commission of offences (and not just one offence) or to indicate criminal activities as the source of such income.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 94; 263-276
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How Has the Coronavirus Affected Polish Criminal Law?
Autorzy:
Stawińska, Weronika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
changes in criminal law
suspension of criminal law terms
particularly aggravated theft
state of epidemic risk
epidemic status
Opis:
This paper aims to indicate the changes in Polish criminal law introduced in the COVID-19 acts. The text identifies the new regulations of most importance to society. For this reason, the initial focus is on the issue of suspension of procedural time limits and some substantive law time limits from the Criminal Code. It must be stated that, from the perspective of the legal certainty principle, precisely these provisions are of the most significant importance for the defendant. Next, the changes in the Electronic tagging concerning the possibility of interrupting the execution of an imprisonment sentence and serving an imprisonment sentence were discussed. From a criminal policy point of view, higher penalties for the offences of exposure to infection and stalking should also have been mentioned. A new offence of particularly aggravated theft has appeared in the Penal Code and a new offence of obstructing a Police or Border Guard officer in performing official duties. For a more effective fight, it is also vital to provide for the possibility of imposing a new preventive measure and confiscating objects important to public health. The indicated legal developments are presented in the context of human rights protection and in light of recent literature and judicial decisions.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 3 (51); 107-122
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems surrounding arrest warrants issued by the International Criminal Court: a decade of judicial practice
Autorzy:
Dłubak, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
international law
international criminal law
international criminal justice
International Criminal Court
ICC
arrest warrant
Opis:
Certain aims of international criminal justice, such as prosecution and the punishment of perpetrators of international crimes, can be achieved through the international institutions created to administer justice. However, one of the essential requirements is to ensure the suspect’s presence at trial. The measures provided for in the Rome Statute to facilitate the International Criminal Court in fulfilling this condition and initiating proper proceedings include the issuance of arrest warrants and subsequent requests for arrest and surrender. Although a binding legal obligation exists under the Rome Statute with respect to States Parties, nonetheless inter-state cooperation has proven extremely difficult to obtain. There are many reasons for this, however problems of a legal and political nature are identified as the two main areas of obstacles. There are some measures that can be taken in order to prevent the occurrence of problems relating to arrest warrants. The Office of the Prosecutor and the Pre-Trial Chambers have certain powers that can positively affect the execution of arrest warrants. These organs aim to establish a positive cooperation network, both with the States Parties and non-Party States. By using the powers of external bodies, the ICC may attempt to establish favourable circumstances which would increase the effectiveness of arrest warrants.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 209-237
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Karnoprawna ochrona obiektów i terenów chronionych w świetle wybranych przepisów rozdziału XXII Kodeksu karnego (art. 181 § 2 i 5, art. 187, art. 188 K.k.)
The Criminal Law Protection of Objects and Protected Areas according to Chosen Regulations of Chapter XXII of the Criminal Code (art. 181 § 2 i 5, art. 187, art. 188 C.C.)
Autorzy:
Budyn-Kulik, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1369356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
prawo karne
ochrona środowiska
criminal law
environment protection
Opis:
Ochrona przyrody to przede wszystkim domena prawa administracyjnego, jednak prawnokarna ochrona środowiska stanowi znaczące uzupełnienie regulacji mających na celu utrzymanie równowagi przyrodniczej oraz dążenie do zachowania możliwości odnawiania zasobów naturalnych. W polskim Kodeksie karnym w rozdziale poświęconym przestępstwom przeciwko środowisku zawartych jest pięć samoistnych typów przestępstw, do znamion których należy szczególne miejsce ich popełnienia w postaci terenu lub obiektu objętego ochroną. Są to przestępstwa stypizowane w art. 181 § 2 i 5, art. 187 oraz art. 188 K.k. We wszystkich przedmiotem ochrony jest środowisko. Ich pozostałe znamiona są zróżnicowane. Ponieważ omawiane przepisy mają charakter akcesoryjny, przy ich wykładni konieczne jest odwołanie się do innych niż Kodeks karny ustaw, co rodzi określone problemy. Mogą one pozostawać w różnych konfiguracjach zbiegu z innymi przepisami.
The aim of environmental protection in criminal law is to maintain sustainability in nature as well as try to protect the renewability of natural resources. The Polish Criminal Code contains five autonomic types of crime, which are characterized, among others, by the specific crime scene, such as 'an environmentally protected area or object'. They are included in the Chapter of Crimes against the Environment. They realize the so-called traditional protection of nature, conservational in character. These types are mentioned in: art. 181 § 2 i 5 C.C., art. 187 C.C. and art. 188 C.C. They are accessory to other regulations beyond Criminal Code.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2020, 3; 45-64
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czynny żal jako instrument polityki kryminalnej i karnej
Active repentance as an instrument of criminal and penal policy
Autorzy:
Sitarz, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
polityka kryminalna
polityka karna
criminal law
active repentance
Opis:
The object of the analysis are the institution known in the criminal law as active repentance and other similar normative institutions, which are sometimes referred to by scientists as active repentance in its broad sense or as quasi-active repentance. I was interested in the behavior of the perpetrator after commitment of an offence as a factor affecting the extent of perpetrator’s criminal liability in the context of criminal and penal policy (legally permissible modification of criminal responsibility in individual cases). Even a brief review of the institutions of active repentance in the Polish criminal law (regulated in the general and specific chapters of the Penal Code) allows to state that there is no uniformity, consistency, and rationality in shaping of this substantial instrument of criminal and penal policy. Sometimes one may have an impression that the issue of active repentance was regulated quite accidentally, not as a part of the comprehensive, rational criminal policy pursued by the entire criminal justice system. Since the key question is whether the established and accepted objectives and functions of punishment and / or criminal law can be achieved without a punishment, therefore the first part of the article is devoted to theories and functions of the penalty in conjunction with the reasons and functions attributed to active repentance. The different functions of an active repentance – to increase the efficiency – require some specific element in the design of this institution to be taken into consideration. These variables may be: if the benefits gained by the repentant are facultative or mandatory, the extent of the benefits, additional requirements imposed on the offender related to his conduct, an indication of a shorter or longer time limit to meet the statutory requirements and / or conditions related to repentant’s motivation, directory of the deeds in which the perpetrator can use the benefits arising from his active repentance, and indirectly also the place and method of regulation. Whether these variables should include consent of the victim, with all its consequences, probably also needs to be taken into consideration. Referring to the presented features of active repentance, by operating with the indicated variables, one can attempt to construct a variety of models of active repentance appropriate for performance of specific functions. Assuming its preventive function, active repentance should be provided for the widest range of crimes possible. Preferably, active repentance should be described clearly and precisely in the general part of the Criminal Code. Benefits provided for the accused person should be as wide as possible and always obligatory. Effective preventive function enforces the need to spread this instrument, especially the profits associated with it.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 159-172
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Karta bankowa w ujęciu art. 278 Kodeksu karnego
Bank card recognized under Article 278 of the Penal Code
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
polish criminal law
banking card
payment card
stealing
Opis:
This paper discusses issues connected with determination of a legal nature of banking cards stealing. Despite the fact that Article 278 § 5 Penal Code criminalises ATM card stealing only, in judiciary practice these rules apply to stealing for all of types of banking card. The author deems it is necessary for reviewing the views concerning the interpretation of Article 278 Penal Code and criteria for a banking card stealing.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2014, 2(15); 239-247
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poglądy studentów prawa na podstawowe instytucje prawa karnego (Wstępne rozpoznanie problemu)
Law students opinions on the essential institutions of criminal law and criminology. Preliminary diagnosis of the problem
Autorzy:
Szuba-Boroń, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/528773.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
public opinion
death penalty
offender
criminal law
criminology
Opis:
This paper presets survey results regarding law students opinions on the criminal law and criminology, e.g. death penalty, the offender and the offense as an object of criminological research, the purposes of criminal punishment and criminal law. This article is an attempt to determine an influence of academic knowledge in the field of criminal law and criminology at the students opinions and to analyze or law student hold a public opinion concerning criminal law and criminology.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2014, 4; 173-200
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Offence of Fraud in Its So-Called Classical Form from the Perspective of Comparative Law
Autorzy:
Poniatowski, Piotr
Wala, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
fraud
comparative criminal law
oszustwo
prawo karne porównawcze
Opis:
The paper is devoted to the comparative law analysis of those criminal provisions which describe the offence of fraud in its so-called classical form. In the Polish Criminal Code, the discussed type of fraud is described by Art. 286 § 1 and 3 which is placed in Chapter XXXV entitled Offences Against Property. The analysis refers to the legal systems of some European countries such as: England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Ireland, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Germany, Romania, Kosovo, Serbia, Slovenia and Bulgaria. The paper closes with concluding remarks in which the authors point to the similarities and differences among the analysed regulations.
Przedmiotem artykułu jest prawnoporównawcza analiza przepisów karnych dotyczących przestępstwa oszustwa w tzw. klasycznej postaci. W polskim kodeksie karnym omawiany rodzaj oszustwa opisany jest w art. 286 § 1 i 3, który znajduje się w rozdziale XXXV zatytułowanym Przestępstwa przeciwko mieniu. Analizą objęto prawodawstwa takich państw europejskich, jak: Anglia, Walia, Irlandia Północna, Szkocja, Irlandia, Rosja, Białoruś, Ukraina, Litwa, Łotwa, Estonia, Słowacja, Czechy, Szwajcaria, Niemcy, Rumunia, Kosowo, Serbia, Słowenia i Bułgaria. Opracowanie wieńczy podsumowanie, w którym wskazano podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy przeanalizowanymi uregulowaniami.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2017, 26, 4
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenie terroryzmem w XXI wieku – analiza wybranych determinantów
Terrorist Threats in the Twenty-first Century: Selected Factors
Autorzy:
Wojciechowski, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
zagrożenie terroryzmem
terroryzm
kryminologia
law
constitution
jurisprudence
criminal law
Opis:
Terrorism is one of the biggest problems in today’s world and one that, to a greater or lesser extent, continues to evolve. This evolution is true of many aspects, including terrorist tactics and strategy as well as types of terrorist threats. The global and destructive reach of terrorism is clearly reflected in different comparative studies. For example, data gathered by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) indicate that there were over 150,000 terrorist attacks around the world between 1970 and 2015. These attacks were carried out in over 100 countries, most of them, however, in Afghanistan, Iraq Nigeria, Pakistan, and Syria. In recent years, the force driving the escalation of terrorist activity was initially Al- -Qaeda, followed by the Islamic State. ISIS combines features commonly attributed to terrorist organizations, criminal groups, states, terrorist networks, and military formations. Contrary to the common view, the Islamic State is not a state as defined in international law and practice. Although it has territory, a population, and authorities, it does not have the capacity to pursue international relations and does not meet the criterion of external sovereignty. Only a state fulfilling all of these conditions can rightly be called a state. Thus, in the case of ISIS, we can only talk of certain elements of statehood and not of a state proper, as understood in international law and relations. In 2015, the number of terrorist attacks around the globe dropped by 13% (from 13,463 in 2014 to 11,774 in 2015). A particularly sharp drop occurred in Pakistan (45%), Iraq (28%), and Nigeria (11%), whereas other countries witnessed a surge in the number of attacks. This was the case of Turkey (escalation by 353%), Bangladesh (270%), Egypt (69%) and Syria. Syria presents a particularly complex and alarming picture, with the number of terrorist attacks up by 65%, the number of people killed up by 62%, the number of those injured up by 91%, and the number of those kidnapped and held hostage up by 67%. In 2015, the number of people who lost their lives as a result of terrorism dropped by 14% (from 32,727 in 2014 to 28,328 in 2015). There was a rise in the number of people injured (2%) and kidnapped and held hostage by terrorists (29%). The latter phenomenon is particularly alarming since it indicates renewed terrorist interest in this form of activity. The purpose of the article is to answer the following research questions: What is terrorism? How can it be defined? What are its primary causes and features? What characterizes contemporary terrorist threats? What is the scale of global terrorism today? What led to the emergence and subsequent rapid rise of the Islamic State? How can terrorism be prevented and combated effectively? The author uses his own definition of terrorism. He defines terrorism as a variously motivated and implemented form of political and/or social violence (or threatening such violence) breaching the binding legal order, perpetrated by individuals or groups through different means and methods, leading to physical, psychological, or material damage. This form of violence has a direct target or targets (for example individuals representing a given state) or an indirect target through which the perpetrator wants to achieve his final purpose. This definition draws attention to a couple of important and universal features of terrorism. Firstly, it demonstrates the diversity of its causes (motives), spanning a wide range of factors that drive and escalate the phenomenon. Secondly, it highlights the fact that terrorist acts violate the law, resulting in a broad range of consequences. Thirdly, it stresses that terrorism (as people often mistakenly assume) encompasses not just the actions of groups, but also those of individuals. Fourthly, it points to the multiplicity and diversity of means and methods employed by terrorists. Religious, political, or ethnic reasons are not the sole driving forces behind terrorism, which springs from a combination of many different factors, including cultural, historical, psychological and socio-economic determinants – the latter often underestimated or overlooked. There is frequently a direct or indirect link between terrorism and poverty or other serious socio-economic problems observed in a given territory. This is reflected, inter alia, in the data published in the Global Terrorism Index 2015. This report indicates that in recent years, countries that have seen the steepest increase in the number of deaths due to terrorist attacks are largely poor ones, including Iraq, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia. Of course this does not mean that poverty or big social inequalities always lead to terrorism. They can, however, stoke up different extremist attitudes, including ones with ties to terrorism. This state of affairs is known as “fueling terror.” The paper highlights selected aspects of contemporary terrorism. Other important issues include the problem of terrorist financing, the consequences of terrorism, identifying real and potential perpetrators, the evolution of terrorist strategy and tactics as employed by “lone wolves,” suicide bombers, and women and children used to carry out attacks, links between migration and terrorism, etc. A comprehensive discussion of these topics requires a separate and much broader study. Such a study should be prepared by an interdisciplinary team of specialists bringing together not just security, but also legal, psychology, sociology or economic experts. Such a team should include both theorists and practitioners with wide-ranging experience in analyzing, eliminating, and forecasting terrorist threats.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 29-59
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ przepisów prawa Unii Europejskiej o badaniach klinicznych produktów leczniczych na polskie prawo karne
The Influence of the EU Clinical Trials of Medicinal Products Legislation on the Polish Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Gałązka, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
UE law
criminal law
medical law
pharmaceutical law
criminalisation
clinical trials
Opis:
The article raises the question of the influence of the EU clinical trials of medicinal products legislation on the Polish criminal law. Although this issue does not fall within the scope of the Article 83 of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union, its significant importance results from the expected beginning of application of the Regulation No. 536/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use, and repealing Directive 2001/20/EC. The impact of the EU legislation on member states’ criminal law in the field of clinical trials is based on the principle of pri- macy. Three directions of this impact can be distinguished concerning Regulation No. 536/2014. The first is the exclusion of the unlawfulness of the acts prohibited by the chapter 19 of the Polish Criminal Code within the scope of the prerequisites for the admissibility of clinical trials. The second is the de facto depenalisation of the behaviors described by in Article 126a (1) (3–5) of Pharmaceutical Act. The indicated two effects may take place ex lege with the beginning of application of Regulation No. 536/2014, if there is no change in the Polish law beforehand. The realisation of the third direction depends on the decision of the Polish legislator, who is required to introduce effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties applicable to infringements of the Regulation No. 536/2014. The type of these measures is left to the discretion of the member states, but the current legal situation combined with the principle of assimilation prompts us to suppose that the choice of criminal penalties will be sustained.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 2 (58); 56-75
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mądrość chińskich aforyzmów. Kilka uwag o filozofii prawa karnego pomiędzy chińskimi a europejskimi rudymentariami
A Wisdom of Chinese Aphorisms. A Few Remarks on the Philosophy of Criminal Law between Chinese and European Rudimentals
Autorzy:
Snarski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej – Sekcja Polska IVR
Tematy:
sentencje prawnicze
aforyzmy prawnicze
chińskie aforyzmy
filozofia prawa karnego
koncepcje prawa karnego
idee prawa karnego
zasady prawa karnego
legal sentences
legal aphorisms
Chinese aphorisms
philosophy of criminal law
concepts of criminal law
ideas of criminal law
principles of criminal law
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi szkic z filozofii prawa karnego poświęcony pojęciu i znaczeniu chińskich aforyzmów w studiach nad prawem, a także w nauczaniu prawa. Autor przybliża pojęcie chińskiego aforyzmu (mądrości, sentencji, myśli), zestawiając je z tradycyjnie rozpowszechnionymi w kulturze prawnej i prawniczej sentencjami łacińskimi. Przegląda także wybrane aforyzmy chińskie porównując je z niektórymi współczesnymi ideami, koncepcjami czy zasadami polskiego prawa karnego. Autor opowiada się także za szerszym wykorzystaniem chińskich aforyzmów w dyskusjach nad współczesnymi poglądami dotyczącymi podstawowych instytucji prawa karnego, traktując je jako narzędzie poszerzające zakres refleksji nad treścią paradygmatów, a być może nawet umożliwiające ich reinterpretację.
The article is a study of the philosophy of law, devoted to the concept and significance of aphorisms in legal science as well as in legal education. The author introduces the concept of Chinese aphorisms (wisdoms, maxims, thoughts), confronting it with the role played by Latin maxims in law and legal culture. He also reviews selected Chinese aphorisms, comparing them with some contemporary basic ideas, concepts and principles of Polish criminal law. The author also advocates a wider use of Chinese aphorisms in discussions on contemporary views on the fundamental institutions of criminal law, treating them also a tool for broader reflection on the contents of paradigms, which perhaps even enables their reinterpretation.
Źródło:
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej; 2021, 4(29); 58-70
2082-3304
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie wniosku dotyczącego rozporządzenia Rady w sprawie ustanowienia Prokuratury Europejskiej
Opinion on the Proposal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the Eu‑ ropean Public Prosecutor’s Office (COM(2013) 534 final)
Autorzy:
Zreda, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12245606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
criminal procedure
criminal law
Public prosecutor’s office
Regulation
European Union law
Opis:
The proposal is part of the package of documents submitted by the European Commission to improve the institutional system of protection of the interests of the Union. As concerns the organization of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, the author contests the decentralized nature of that authority proposed by the European Commission. He points out the vague wording of some pars of the proposal. In his view, doubts relate to the independence of prosecutors exercising the functions of European Delegated Prosecutors. He opts for limiting the jurisdiction of that authority. According to the author, the proposed regulation does not violate the principle of proportionality. He concludes that joint investigation and prosecution of perpetrators of offences against the Union’s financial interests are in common interest of both Poland and the EU.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 3(39); 105-120
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Judicial review of illegal clauses in consumer loan agreements
Autorzy:
Fibinger-Jasińska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
consensum protection
illicit clauses
loan agreement
civil law
criminal law
Opis:
The Consumer Credit Act of 12 May 2011 introduced, with effect from 11 March 2016, Article 36 a 1, which specifies the maximum amount of non-interest credit costs. The maximum amount of these costs is calculated according to a formula (Article 36a (1)), and additionally, these costs over the entire duration of the credit may not be higher than the total amount of credit (paragraph 2). On the other hand, with effect from 30 May 2010, Article 304 CC was amended to include new paragraphs 2 and 3-2, aimed at protecting the consumer from excessive benefits in loan agreements. According to the author of the article, the provisions aimed at protecting the consumer against unfair practices of lending entrepreneurs are insufficient and, despite the implementation of Directive 93/13/EEC, do not provide sufficient consumer protection. Therefore, the court deciding the case should always ex officio examine whether contractual provisions constitute prohibited clauses.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2023, 27, 1; 28-32
2543-9103
2543-411X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jak definiujemy cyberprzestępstwo?
How do we define cybercrime?
Autorzy:
Zbrojewska, M.
Mosorov, V.
Biedron, S.
Panskyi, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/408762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
prawo karne
prawo w sieci
cyberprzestępstwo
law
cybercrime
criminal law
Opis:
W dzisiejszych czasach sieci komputerowe oraz oferowane przez nie usługi stały się najprężniej rozwijającą się dziedziną XXI wieku. Ich możliwości nie tylko pozwoliły na łatwiejszy kontakt użytkowników z całego świata, ale również wpłynęły na rozwój innych gałęzi nauki oraz technologii, ułatwiając codzienne życie. Wynalazek, który powstał do celów wojskowych w jednym z najbardziej mrocznych okresów ludzkiej cywilizacji , stał się największym odkryciem XX wieku łącząc miliony ludzi w jedną wielką społeczność. Obecnie każdy może skonstruować swoją własną sieć bądź dołączyć do największej z nich – Internetu za pośrednictwem lokalnego dostawcy internetowego. Niestety, Internet to nie tylko praktycznie nieograniczone źródło informacji, rozrywki, komunikacji oraz pracy. Obok swoich pozytywnych aspektów i udogodnień posiada też liczne zagrożenia, których nieświadomy użytkownik może stać się ofiarą. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu przybliżenie aspektów prawnokarnych i technicznych związanych z szeroko rozumianym zjawiskiem cyberprzestępczości.
Nowadays, computer networks and the services they offer have become the fastest growing area of the XXI century. Their opportunities not only allowed for easier contact with users all over the world, but also influenced the development of other branches of science and technology. The invention, which was created in the purpose of war with the darkest periods of human civilization, has become the greatest discovery of the twentieth century, connecting millions of people in one big community. Today, everyone can build their own network or join the largest of them - the Internet via a local Internet provider. Internet virtually became unlimited resource of information, entertainment, communication and work. Apartment next to their positive aspects and features it has also many threats and unaware user can become a victim of them. This study aims to bring criminal and technical aspects related to the wider phenomenon of cybercrime.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2016, 2; 64-68
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozstrzygnięcia sądowe w przedmiocie wniosku oskarżyciela publicznego o zobowiązanie podmiotu z art. 52 k.k. i art. 24 § 5 k.k.s. do zwrotu korzyści majątkowej uzyskanej z przestępstwa (przestępstwa skarbowego) innej osoby.
The judicial decisions in the object of the public prosecutor’s conclusion about obligation of the subject from article 52 of the Polish Penal Code and article 24, paragraph 4 of the Polish Treasury Penal Code to return of the property advantage achieved with crime (the treasury crime) of different person
Autorzy:
Siewierska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Prawo karne
Prawo karne skarbowe
Criminal Law
Penal revenue Law
Opis:
To begin with, I raise the question, that on the sixth of June 1997, the legislator firstly in article 52 introduced to the Polish Penal Code the institution of obligation to repay the property advantage by a physical person, a juristic one or an organizational unit without a legal status, for the benefit of the State Treasury. The aforementioned advantage was achieved by the person in the crime, committed by the delinquent, who acted in behalf of this person name or interest. The similar regulation is contained in the Polish Treasury Penal Code from 1999, where article 24, paragraph 5 provides that independently from putting on auxiliary responsibility, the court will oblige the subject, which achieved property advantage, to return it in the full or in part for the benefit of the State Treasury or the territorial self-government unit; it does not relate to the property advantage subjected to return in full or in part for the benefit of the different subject. In order to usage of the aforementioned jurisprudential constructions from article 52 of the Polish Penal Code and article 24, paragraph 4 of the Polish Treasury Penal Code in action penal proceeding (penal treasury proceeding), the public prosecutor should attach an application in accordance with article 333, paragraph 4 of the Penal Proceeding Code (article 155 paragraph 5 of the Treasury Penal Code) to indictment. In object of this application the court gives decision of the defined content, conditioned by the proceeding’s situation. The article under the title “The judicial decisions in the object of the public prosecutor’s conclusion about obligation of the subject from article 52 of the Polish Penal Code and article 24, paragraph 4 of the Polish Treasury Penal Code to return of the property advantage achieved with crime (the treasury crime) of different person” presents the matter in detail. This article describes in the first order possible judgments of the court of first instance in the matter. Next, this article refers to the decision of the court of second instance in this range. It is unquestionable, that the judgments of first instance court in the matter of the public prosecutor’s conclusion from article 333, paragraph 4 of the Penal Proceeding Code (article 155 paragraph 5 of the Treasury Penal Code) can be subjected to the review by means of appeal and in this case it is liable (amenable) to be inspected by the higher instance in the court of the second instance. The results of this inspection can be different with regard to that who takes revocation centre (lodges an appeal) and what pleadings and appellate conclusions he notified. Their discussion occurred in this article from here. In judicial practice we cannot exclude that, despite validation, the judgment of court including decision about obligation of the subject from article 52 of the Polish Penal Code and the article 24 paragraph 4 of the Polish Treasury Penal Code to return of the property advantage in full or in part for the benefit of the State Treasury (or territorial self-government in Polish Penal Code), will be inconsistent with law. This inconsistency will be detected in legal proceeding initiated as the result of extraordinary remedies at law. Therefore this article discusses also the kinds of judicial judgments which were given just as the result of extraordinary remedies of law. In the article it is necessary to be related to the results on the basis of the decisions referring to the subject who is obliged to return of the property advantage achieved in the crime (the treasury crime) by the delinquent.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2009, LXXIX (79); 139-161
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Le droit pénal polonais et les standards européens
Autorzy:
Marek, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43447763.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
criminal law
international law
European Union
human rights
European standards
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1993, 1-4; 59-68
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal Law and its Victim-Oriented Development: an Academic Inquiry
Autorzy:
Tuliakov, Viacheslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28843238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
criminal law
criminal policy
victim-oriented policy
victimology
human rights
Opis:
In the 21st century, one of the essential roles of the Criminal Code is to protect the rights and interests of crime victims. Criminal law is a complex field that must balance established principles with evolving societal dynamics. This involves various stakeholders, including the state, perpetrators, victims, and civil society, each with differing views on criminal law. The modern era, marked by post-truth narratives and a reputational society, has further complicated matters. Casuistry now prevails over systematic approaches, leading to a disconnect between criminal law’s foundational principles and intended societal outcomes. Contemporary criminal law operates on multiple dimensions, addressing individual, societal, and institutional levels while aiming to balance the interests of these entities. The transition from the “age of information” to the “age of reputation” underscores the importance of information subjected to external evaluation. In the context of harmonizing Ukrainian criminal legislation with EU and Council of Europe norms, it is vital to protect human rights. This aligns with a Committee of Ministers recommendation that recognizes crime as a wrong against society and a violation of individual rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding victim rights. Approaching criminal law from a victimological perspective offers unique insights into victim participation in criminal liability, crime qualification, and offender culpability. This perspective encourages assessing the efficacy of criminal law prohibitions and promoting victim engagement in crime control.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 2, 3; 70-74
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola proporcjonalności w procesie orzekania kary pieniężnej wobec podmiotów zbiorowych
The role of proportionality in process of judging for collective entities
Autorzy:
Habrat, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/595772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Prawo karne
Regulacje prawne
Criminal Law
Legal regulations
Opis:
Setting the role of proportionality for punishing process of collective entities according to the acts prohibited under punishment act is major issue because of assignment of the type of liability and consequently legal guarantees. In principal, the article is attempt to answer for question how the legislature has met the requirements of the proportionality principle in relation to the process of punishment judging for collective entity. In the article, concepts of proportionality in terms of administrative and criminal law, the basis and main assumptions of proportionality rule and its reference to punishment a theory are presented. In the area of fine jurisdiction, limitations in the use of proportionality principle for collective entities taking account criminal justice are presented. Conclusions about the proportionality principle in fine judgment for collective entity referred to the Constitutional Court’s judgment of 3 November 2004, with the part of act where is the conflict between the judgment of fines with the Constitution. Due to the fact, that the substantive approach to the proportionality principle in criminal law is related to the adequacy of the penalty to the degree of guilt issues of collective ability to assign guilt were discussed in the article.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2012, LXXXVI (86); 49-66
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność kuratorów sądowych – rozważania w zakresie ustawodawstwa i praktyki
The activities of probation officers – considerations in legislation and practice
Autorzy:
Kufel, Joanna Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Prawo karne
Kurator sądowy
Criminal Law
Probation Officer
Opis:
In recent years interest in the functioning of the judicial guardianship departments has been growing. This initiated the need to study all dimensions of guardians' work. Guardianship as a specific measure of reclamation aimed at the transformation of wards' behaviours, is facing new challenges which are the result of the changes in our country. At present a guardian as a person executing the court judgement largely takes the blame for his/her own initiatives and omissions, but also for the court which issued the verdict as well as general social or economic conditions in the country. The objective of this work is to present the results of the questioning conducted by the Office of the Human Rights Defender and the Institute of Justice in relation to the reported Guardians targets. Particular attention, on the background of the whole of the institution presented, has been attributed to the meaning of media which through prudent conducting of probation promotion should form the basis for a rational assessment of the social work of the guardians.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2011, LXXXIII (83); 133-148
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pojęcie przestępstwa lingwistycznego i jego typologie
A Linguistic Crime as an Offence of Using or Failing to Use Language. Selected Typologies of Linguistic Crimes Penalised in Polish Criminal Laws
Autorzy:
Falana-Jafra, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1787905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
linguistic crime
use of language
silence
criminal law
Opis:
The aim of the article is to formulate a definition of linguistic crimes as a specific type of crimes penalised in Polish criminal laws and to categorise them according to the following criteria: the nature of the perpetrator’s enforcement activities; the use of language or failure to use it; the length of the linguistic enforcement activities; the authorship of statements; the nature of the legal good to be protected. Human behaviour, which is legally classified as a linguistic offence, is performative in nature and therefore has the legal effect of making the offender criminally responsible and of imposing criminal sanctions on him/her by the competent state authorities. In the article, the performative function of language will be extended to include the notion of passive performativity, resulting from an offence committed as a result of the failure to use language in situations where its use is required by the legal system.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2021, 28, 1; 45-56
1233-8672
2450-4939
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Compliance policy as a manifestation of legal pluralism
Autorzy:
Nowak, Celina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
compliance norms
compliance policy
legal pluralism
criminal law
Opis:
The aim of article is to describe the role of ‘compliance norms’, which functions as a preventive tool, also deters potential perpetrators of crimes and protects private entities from liability. Author analyzes the system of compliance norms in the context of compliance with criminal law as part of the phenomenon of legal pluralism.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze; 2018, 3 (215); 89-102
0039-3312
2719-4302
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic crimes under the criminal code in terms of statistics from the viewpoint of law enforcement agencies
Autorzy:
Porwisz, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45265356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-08
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
economic crimes
investigation
criminal law
research
public official
Opis:
As part of the research task entitled ‘Optimisation of evidence, forensic and covert procedures in economic crime cases from the viewpoint of law enforcement agencies’ there has been carried out empirical research to analyse this type of crime in the following areas: the scale and dynamics of economic crime, and investigative and procedural problems law enforcement agencies face to effectively combat economic crime. To verify the adopted research hypotheses, a survey among police officers has been conducted and the analysis of the statistical data obtained from the National Police Information System in 2013–2018 of the Criminal Intelligence Bureau at the National Police Headquarters has been made. The two-dimensional exploration has made the identifi cation of existing interdependencies possible, which could not be identified by a questionnaire survey only. Moreover, several sources of information used in the research process has deepened the empirical aspect of the issues in question and given the research process an analytical dimension. The presentation of all research findings significantly exceeds the scope of this study, therefore only those related to the statistics, presented in both graphical and descriptive forms, have been included in this article.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 146(2); 243-264
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obligation to denounce in the context of medical confidentiality
Autorzy:
Mucha, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-20
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
denunciation obligation
medical confi dentiality
medical workers
criminal proceedings
criminal law
Opis:
The subject of the article is the issue of the obligation to notify about a crime in relation to medical confi dentiality. Medical workers may obtain information indicating the commission of a criminal act while performing medical services. An important issue is whether, in such a situation, they can or should notify law enforcement authorities. In order to resolve these issues, the legislator defi nes the legal and social obligation to denounce. The legal obligation of a medical worker to notify about a crime relates to the offences specifi ed in Art. 240 (1) of the Act of June 6, 1997 — Penal Code. Among the enumerated types of generic acts covered by denunciation, particularly important due to the issues raised, are the crime of murder (Article 148 of the Penal Code) and deprivation of liberty (Article 189 of the Penal Code). A medical worker having obtained reliable information about the commission of a criminal act is obliged to notify law enforcement authorities. It is irrelevant whether they learned about it while carrying out professional activities or without a connection with their performance. The criminal sanction for failure to comply with the obligation under Article 240 (1) of the Criminal Code is a prison sentence of up to 3 years. However, the social obligation to denounce is introduced by Art. 304 (1) of the Act of June 6, 1997 — Code of Criminal Procedure. Failure to fulfi l obligations of this nature does not result in any criminal consequences. The social obligation to denounce does not include offences prosecuted on private accusation or on request of the victim. It is worth noting that this obligation does not repeal any of the laws regulating medical secrets. In this case, a medical worker who has learned of a crime in connection with the exercise of their profession has no obligation to denounce. It should be emphasised that a medical worker may fulfi l the obligation to denounce only if the patient or their legal representative has consented to it, or if there are premises for presuming the consent.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2019, 136(4); 167-175
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The crime of assault on a public officer
Autorzy:
Grabowska, Joanna
Kresiński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45261461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-14
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
active assault
public official
Police
crime
criminal law protection
criminal proceedings
Opis:
The aim of the study is to discuss the elements of the assault on a public official, as defined in Article 223 of the Penal Code. This provision is an expression of the criminal-law protection of public officials in Poland understood as all legal provisions specifying criminal sanctions and the rules of their application to perpetrators of prohibited acts under the threat of these sanctions, aimed at protecting public officials against such acts. Article 223 of the Penal Code defines active assault on a public official in the basic type [Article 223(1)] and the aggravated type [Article 223(2)]. Regarding the elements of the crime in question, there are many issues that raise doubts among both legal theorists and practitioners. These include, in particular, the issue of classifying the car as a category of items similarly dangerous as firearms or knives, and the justification for determining the degree of danger of the means of restraint used by the perpetrator. The text also points out that the penalisation of an active attack on a public official does not result from the increased protection of the goods of public officials, but from the need for the legislator to ensure the proper functioning of state mechanisms.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 148(4); 155-166
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Punishing (Non-)Citizens
Autorzy:
Peno, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-01
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej – Sekcja Polska IVR
Tematy:
reflexivity
criminal law
philosophy of law
restorative justice
resentment
CLS
Opis:
If sociologists are to be trusted, reflexivity, focused on itself and devoid of any religious or at least ideological framework, leads to the weakening of control mechanisms. Such changes are accompanied by the polarization of social classes and by the exclusion of the so-called underclass (which certainly includes a vast majority of criminals) from the civil society. In the doctrine of criminal law of “mature modernism”, within the framework of a liberal-democratic state, the civil society, together with the idea of communication, is supposed to constitute a central reference point in the research on criminal liability. Reflexivity brings up new problems. New citizen-oriented criminal law is being shaped, based upon mediation and communication (e.g. restorative justice, Expressive Theory). The civil society does not include the area of politics or political nature of things, where the problem is not the justification of the punishment but the effectiveness of mere spatial isolation. In this sense, it is difficult to talk about the merits of the emancipation of an individual from the limitations imposed by the society. The weakening of any external authority and of political duties owed to the state is replaced by self-control proper to reflexive modernity only in cases where the individuals have adequate intellectual and ethical predispositions. Disappearance of the influence of external rules and values together with the mechanism of exclusion from the civil society results in the weakening of self-control and in selfish care only about one’s own perspective (but also in repressive subordination by the state). Such a state of affairs creates favourable conditions for objectifying criminal liability, abandoning the concept of guilt, and for attempts to provide an ethical justification of penalty – which are concepts taken from the “world of citizens”.
Źródło:
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej; 2016, 2(13); 28-38
2082-3304
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada współdziałania przy umyślnym samonarażeniu się jako negatywna przesłanka obiektywnego przypisania skutku z perspektywy przestępstw przeciwko życiu i zdrowiu w polskim i niemieckim prawie karnym
The principle of complicity in intentional self-inflicted injury as a negative premise for the objective attribution of an effect from the perspective of crimes against life and health in polish and german criminal law
Autorzy:
Kiełbas, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-04-20
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
prawo
prawo karne
obiektywne przypisanie
law
criminal law
objective imputation
Opis:
Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest zasada współdziałania przy umyślnym samonarażeniu się jako negatywna przesłanka obiektywnego przypisania skutku z perspektywy przestępstw przeciwko życiu i zdrowiu w polskim i niemieckim prawie karnym. W pierwszej kolejności omówiona została zwięźle problematyka negatywnych przesłanek obiektywnego przypisania skutku, co stanowi niezwykle interesujące zagadnienie, zarówno z perspektywy dogmatyki, jak i praktyki prawa karnego. Następnie artykuł przybliża kryterium zasady autonomii ofiary przy pomocy zaczerpniętych z doktryny i judykatury niemieckiej przykładów z obszaru przestępstw przeciwko życiu i zdrowiu oraz analizuje je z perspektywy polskiego kodeksu karnego. Całość pozwala zaznajomić się z omówioną przesłanką i zrozumieć zarówno jej teoretyczną istotę, jak i poznać nieco obrazową egzemplifikację.
The subject of the present article is the principle of complicity in intentional self-inflicted injury as a negative premise for objective attribution of an effect from the perspective of crimes against life and health in Polish and German criminal law. First, the problem of negative prerequisites for objective attribution of an effect is briefly discussed, which is an extremely interesting issue both from the perspective of dogmatics and the practice of criminal law. Then the article brings closer the criterion of the principle of victim autonomy by means of examples taken from the German doctrine and jurisprudence in the area of crimes against life and health and analyses them from the perspective of the Polish Penal Code. The whole allows to get acquainted with the discussed premise and to understand both its theoretical essence and a somewhat illustrative exemplification.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2021, 4, XXI; 61-69
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jurysdykcja karna państw w sprawach terroryzmu morskiego
Criminal jurisdiction of countries in cases of Marine Terrorism
Autorzy:
Fieducik, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/222670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
prawo karne międzynarodowe
terroryzm morski
prawo karne
jurysdykcja
zasady jurysdykcyjne
international criminal law
marine terrorism
criminal law
jurisdiction
jurisdiction rules
Opis:
W przypadku aktu terroryzmu morskiego ustalenie, które państwo będzie właściwe dla osądzenia jego sprawców, może rodzić liczne trudności. Sytuacja tu jest diametralnie inna niż w przypadku pozostałych pozaprawnych form działalności na morzu, takich jak piractwo i rozbójnictwo morskie. Terroryzm w przeciwieństwie do piractwa nie stanowi zbrodni prawa międzynarodowego objętej jurysdykcją uniwersalną, dzięki której piratów może ścigać i postawić przed własnym wymiarem sprawiedliwości każde państwo. Z drugiej strony akty rozbójnictwa morskiego podlegają jurysdykcji tego państwa, w obrębie którego wód terytorialnych miały miejsce. Ustalenie właściwości jurysdykcyjnej w przypadku aktów terroryzmu morskiego wymaga szerszej analizy prawnej.
In the case of marine terrorism problems may arise when determining which country is appropriate to try the perpetrators. The situations is decisively different from the cases of the other illegal forms of activity at sea, such as piracy or marine robbery. Terrorism contrary to piracy is not considered a crime covered by universal jurisdiction of international law according to which pirates can be prosecuted and put on trial by justice system of any country. On the other hand acts of marine robbery fall within the jurisdiction of the country on whose territorial waters they have occurred. Determining the jurisdiction in cases of terrorist acts requires wider legal analysis.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2011, R. 52 nr 4 (187), 4 (187); 179-190
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona obyczajności publicznej przed zachowaniami kwalifikowanymi obecnie z art. 140 k.w. w polskim prawie karnym okresu przedrozbiorowego
Autorzy:
Wala, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1337451.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
obyczajność publiczna
nieobyczajny wybryk
miejskie prawo karne
wiejskie prawo karne
public decency
indecent antic
municipal criminal law
rural criminal law
Opis:
W artykule została przedstawiona problematyka związana z ochroną obyczajności publicznej przed zachowaniami współcześnie kwalifikowanymi jako nieobyczajne wybryki (art. 140 k.w.) w okresie do utraty przez Polskę niepodległości w XVIII wieku. Analizie poddano funkcjonujące w tym czasie przepisy, jak i przedstawiono stany faktyczne rozpatrywane przez sądy.
The article presents the issues related to the protection of public decency against conduct currently classified as indecent antics (Article 140 of the Petty Offences Code) in the period until Poland lost its independence in the 18th century. The regulations in force at that time have been analysed, along with the factual cases examined by the courts.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2020, 14, 4; 155-169
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Lubanga Reparations Decision: A Missed Opportunity?
Autorzy:
Swart, Mia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Lubanga
International Criminal Court
ICC
international law
international criminal law
reparations
war crime
justice
Opis:
In March 2012 the ICC delivered its first and long-awaited judgment in Prosecutor v Lubanga. Trial Chamber I found Thomas Lubanga guilty as co-perpetrator of the war crimes of conscripting and enlisting children into the armed forces. The guilty verdict was followed by a reparations decision on 7 August 2012. This article examines the extent to which the ICC has successfully fulfilled its mandate to formulate reparations principles. The position of reparations within international law generally is discussed. This is followed by an explanation of how the ICC reparation regime functions. The bifurcated reparations mandate of the ICC is also explained. The focus of the article is on a critical assessment of the Lubanga reparations decision. The Court’s treatment of the harm requirement and the requirement of causation is examined. It is argued that the Court’s failure to clarify the requirements of “harm” and “causation” meant that it did not fulfil its mandate to formulate reparations principles.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 169-188
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt SK 13/13
The case of a constitutional complaint (Ref. No. SK 13/13), concerning the Code of Criminal Procedure
Autorzy:
Iwański, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12715620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
constitution
civil rights and freedoms
criminal law
criminal proceedings
Constitutional Tribunal
Opis:
The proceedings before the Constitutional Court (Ref. No. SK 13/13) deals with two distinct issues related to the criminal proceedings: first, compliance with the constitutional principle of exclusivity of the Act concerning the limitation of constitutional rights and freedoms, Article 275 § 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP) in the expired version, insofar as – taking into account open catalogue of forms of limitation of freedom of the individual delivered into the custody of the police – it enables to commit that individual to refrain from entering certain places and contact with certain people and, second, the compliance with the constitutional principles of a right to court and the right to defence of Article 156 § 5 CCP to the extent that the provision – making access to the material of the pre‑trial proceedings (justifying the application of preventive measures) dependent on the consent of a person conducting the pre‑trial proceedings, does not specify the grounds for refusal to give such permit. The Sejm, sharing the complainant’s allegations, found in this case that both analyzed regulations are inconsistent with the relevant provisions of the Constitution.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 4(40); 313-355
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada terytorialności w kontekście przepisów Kodeksu karnego, Kodeksu karnego skarbowego i Kodeksu wykroczeń
The principle of territoriality in the context of the provisions of the Criminal Code, the Fiscal Criminal Code and the Offense Code
Autorzy:
Wróbel, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158864.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
zasada terytorialności
prawo karne
prawo karne skarbowe
prawo wykroczeń
principle of territoriality
criminal law
criminal fiscal law
offense law
Opis:
Analiza badawcza koncentruje się na zasadzie terytorialności z Kodeksu karnego (art. 5 i art. 115 § 15), Kodeksu wykroczeń (art. 3 § 1), Kodeksu karnego skarbowego (art. 3 § 2, art. 53 § 9 i 10). Ustawodawca używa w rozważanym kontekście szeregu pojęć wymagających rozważenia, a mających zasadniczy wpływ na przedmiot badawczy. Wśród nich wskazać można: terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, polski statek wodny, polski statek powietrzny, stałą platformę umieszczoną na szelfie kontynentalnym, wyłączną strefę ekonomiczną znajdującą się poza morzem terytorialnym, w której Rzeczpospolita Polska na podstawie prawa wewnętrznego i zgodnie z prawem międzynarodowym wykonuje prawa odnoszące się do badania i eksploatacji dna morskiego i jego podglebia, oraz ich zasobów naturalnych. Autor stara się określić ich zakres oraz właściwe, odpowiadające tym pojęciom desygnaty.
The research analysis focuses on the principle of territoriality from the perspective of: the Criminal Code (art. 5 and art. 115 § 15), the Offense Code (art. 3 § 1), the Fiscal Criminal Code (art. 3 § 2, art. 53 § 9 and 10). In the considered context, the legislator uses a number of terms, that require consideration and have a fundamental impact on the subject of research. These include: the territory of the Republic of Poland, a Polish ship, Polish aircraft, a permanent platform located on the continental shelf, the exclusive economic zone outside the territorial sea in which the Republic of Poland – on the basis of internal law and in accordance with international law – performs the rights relating to exploration and exploitation of the seabed and its subsoil and their natural resources. The author tries to define theirs scope and the appropriate designations corresponding to these concepts.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2022, (30), 1; 87-104
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"The Development of the Hate Speech Regulation in Hungary: from Criminal Law to Civil Law and Media Regulation"
Autorzy:
Gárdos-Orosz, Fruzsina
Nagy, Krisztina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
hate speech
freedom of speech
media law
discrimination
criminal law,
constitutional law
Opis:
In the Hungarian legal system, the anti-hate speech rules of media law provide an ad-ditional (administrative) proceeding for the media authority in parallel with proceedings under criminal law and civil law. The media authorities, over the past twenty years, have consistently set media law sanctions at a lower intervention threshold than criminal law did, and in many cases, they established media law violation in cases where criminal proceedings for incitement against a community were not initiated or ended in acquittal. The fundamental aim of media law regulation is to shape media content and the edit-ing practices of media players with a view to ensure respect for human dignity, and to prevent media from becoming an ‘amplifier’ of hateful communications. In the first four-teen years of the Hungarian media regulation, the scope of interpretation concerning anti-hate speech media law restrictions developed gradually. The authority reacted not only to individual cases, and individual communications, but also carried out targeted investigations in cases that can be described as a phenomenon in the media coverage. Besides reviewing news and information programmes, it also acted against hateful con-tents of the entertainment programmes. The new media regulation, which entered into force in 2011, partially amended the content of the former anti-hate speech regulation: in addition to the provisions of “incitement to hatred”, the former category of “offending or prejudiced content” was replaced by the prohibition of “exclusion”. The practice of the media authority has not changed as regards the assessment of the media law standard, as the authority has continued to apply it differently from the criminal law standard, con-sidering it as a lower intervention threshold. However, in comparison with pre-2010 practice, the authority initiated considerably fewer proceedings and its approach in terms of law enforcement became less characterised by adjudicating problems that can be de-scribed as phenomenon in the media coverage, no targeted proceedings of this kind were initiated. Its practice can be characterised by a couple of high profile cases with extreme sanctions, which attract great attention. These cases are important as they designate the boundaries of public communications, but in this way, media law measures are not really suitable for making any substantial changes to the characteristics of the media coverage.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2018, 8
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Gloss in Approval of Judgment II KZP 17/18 issued by the Polish Supreme Court on 20 March 2019 r.
Autorzy:
Rosiak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45662212.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-13
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
criminal law
recidivation
the offence of child maintenance evasion
criminal sanction
amendment
Opis:
The voted ruling of the Supreme Court concerns the issues related to the entry into force of the law of 23 March 2017. The Supreme Judicial Authority in Poland indicated that to assess the act of a person obligated to alimony, whose obligation was determined in terms of the amount by a court decision, a settlement concluded before a court or another authority or another agreement, and committed before 31 May 2017, it is possible to apply the provisions of Article 209 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, both in its current and current wording. The condition is to establish that the perpetrator has exhausted the features of the offence of non-alimination required by the current wording of this provision, and at the same time has fulfilled the features required for this offence in the wording given to this amendment. In such a situation, after such a double assessment of the act, the procedural authority will either apply the new act or the act previously in force as being more relative to the offender.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2023, 151(3); 378-386
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O efektywności prawa karnego, ciemnej liczbie, wiktymizacji i rozmiarach narkomanii
On the Effectiveness of Criminal Law, the „Dark Figure” Victimization, and the Scale of Drug Abuse
Autorzy:
Tyszkiewicz, Leon
Kosmowski, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
prawo karne
wiktymizacja
narkomania
criminal law
victimization
drug abuse
Opis:
 The article presents the results of survey research carried out in the Katowice and Chorzów regions (SE Poland). In early 2000 we obtained 414 questionnaires completed by under- and post-graduate students at the University of Silesia’s Law and Administration Department and students of local high schools. The investigation was victimology-oriented, the respondents being asked not only whether they had been victims of crime of various kinds but also whether the perpetrator had been punished. Our premise was that based on measures adopted by Polish criminal procedure the victim of a crime was entitled to know of the offender’s punishment, assuming that he had in fact been convicted. Within our sample the predominant group was young people, females marginally outnumbered males, almost all respondents reported average or above-average circumstances, and almost all were also urban–dwellers, the vast majority living in towns with populations of over 100,000. The first question that interested us was the effectiveness of the law, chich is most fully reflected in measurements of absolute effectiveness, that is, the percentage of crimes punished to the total number of crimes actually committed. This umounted to 3.33%. If we deduct the relatively large number of   non-indictable offenses, i.e. not subject to prosecution by the state (e.g. libel and slander) the figure rises to 4.02%. In addition to the absolute effectiveness measure we also calculated a relative effectiveness index. It was the ratio of punished offenses to the total number of offenses reported to law-enforcement authorities by the respondents. In our survey the relative effectiveness index amounted overall to 20.0% and after the elimination of non-indictable offenses to 19.7%. To estimate effectiveness we deducted offenses committed in 1999 on the assumption that the majority of these were too recent for prosecution and conviction to have taken place. Obviously, a crucial influence on measurement of the effectiveness of the law is exerted by the number of offenses reported to law-enforcement authorities. Our questionnaire was designed to allow respondents to adduce the number of instances of victimization in the preceding year and in general without mentioning their location in time. Since the survey was carried out in earlv 2000 the preceding year was 1990. The level of notification of crimes for the whole period in question came in our survey to 15.3% of the total incidence of crime. For 1999 this ratio recorded a count of 13.1% in other words was fractionally lower. After deducting non-indictable offenses these indexes rise to 19.9% and 19.0 % respectively. The most frequently reported crimes were burglaries (58.7%). Next on the list came simple larceny (18.6%) and fraud (18.1%, 29.5% in 1999); no cases of  bribery were reported. A relatively rarely reported crime was robbery with violence (12.2%, 13.7% in 1999). The so-called "dark figure" can be stated in a variety o ways. One is by an absolute number, either broader or narrower. This depends on inclusion in the dark figure of all offenses actually committed or only those which are not reported to the law-enforcement authorities or are subject to private prosecution. Another way of determining the dark figure is by an index- or ratio-based measure. Here, too, there are two possibilities. In the first the number of offenses actually committed per the number punished is calculated. The second estimates the number of offenses actually committed per the number reported. The findings of our survey were as follows. The dark figure for the total number of crimes actually committed and the whole of the period in question amounted in absolute terms to 1,492 and for unreported offenses to 1,263. For 1999 corresponding counts came to 562 and 488 respectively. In index-measured terms the number of offenses actually committed per the number reported amounted for the whole period in question to 6.5 and for 1999 to 7.6, in other words to fractionally more. The number of offenses actually committed per the number punished (after deducting offenses committed in 1999) since it is hardy likely that any of these would already have been punished in early 2000 amounted to 30. Considerable attention was given to determining the structure of offenses committed, reported and punished and to the structure of offenses committed to the injury of different categories of victims (men, women, high school students, undergraduates, doctoral students). Differences were found here. The most significant was that the most frequent victims of offenses against the person are males and persons in the younger age group; the same pattern holds for robberies with violence of which females are only exceptionally the victims (only three cases in the whole the of the material gathered by the survey). By contrast, females and persons in the older age group are the most frequent victims of simple larceny. An in-depth victimologicar analysis yielded the following findings. The coefficient of victimization, that is, the total number of offenses per member of the sample, amounted for the totality of our respondents over the whole period in question to 3.60, though it was much higher for the male and younger age group (5.5 for the former and 7.86 for the fourth-year high school students). In the females group as a whole the coefficient came to 2.40 and was highest in the doctoral students sub-group (3.27). The victimization index is the percentage of the number of crime victims in the whole of the sample. If we subtract the victimization index from 100 we will obtain a percentage measure of the number of persons who have not be victims either of any crime or of a crime of particular kind. For the whole of the sample and the whole of the period in question this index amounted to 76.1%, i.e. the number of non-victimized persons did not exceed 23.9%; for 1999 the counts were 47.1% and 52.9% respectively. The victimization index in the males group amounted to 85.1% for the whole period in question and to 57.8% for 1999; in the females group the analogous counts came to 70,4% and 40.3% respectively. Victimization intensity is a measure which is characterized by the number of criminal acts committed per victim. In our survey it amounted to 4.74 for the whole sample and the whole period covered by the survey and to 2.88 for 1999.  The analogous scores for the males and females group came to 6.46 and 3.68 and for the females to 3.41 and 2.16. An important supplement to victimological investigation is determining an index of victimization variation. It completes the picture provided by victimization intensity. For obvious reasons this measure is calculated only for the whole sample or its subgroup. It illustrates how many kinds of offenses have been committed against the average victim. Victimization variation is calculated by dividing the sum of the number of individuals wronged by particular categories of offenses by the total number of victims among the persons included in the sample. There is a certain relationship between victimization intensity and variation. If intensity equals one, variation also equals one. Aside from this instance variation either equals intensity or is slightly lower. Variation can never exceed the number of the kinds of offenses specified in an investigation. Within these limits the closer the variation index is to the value of variation, the higher the variation of criminality given that intensity is relatively high. If inteisity approaches unity variation, despite the proportionately high level of the index, diminishes. In our survey intensity for the whole group and for the whole period in question amounted to 4.74 and for 1999 to 2.88. In other words, the average number of offenses per victim came overall to almost five, and in 1999 this average came to close on three.The variation measures attained a level of, respectively, 2.38 and 1.58 which means that, overall, victims were wronged on average by two kinds of offenses and in  1999 by between one and tow. The highest intensity occurred in the males subgroup of the high school students group (8.24) which also had the highest variation index (3.46). As for intensity second place was occupied by males in the doctoral students group (8.04), thougt its variation score/count was markedly lower than in the high school students group (2.80). Our survey also indicated the scale of drug abuse. The respondents were asked to state the number of contacts they had  had  with persons using drugs and with dealers or producers of drugs. Within the whole group studied contacts with consumers of drugs were reported by 49.0% of the respondents and contacts with drug dealers or producers by 25.1%.  These contacts were much more frequent among the high school students (67.4% and 39.3% respectively) than among tne undergraduates and doctoral students (27.4% and 8.6%). The survey presented here covered a relatively small group of persons and one drawn from only a single region. Further investigations of this type are essential.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2002, XXVI; 101-131
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szkice z zakresu rzymskiego prawa karnego – damnatio ad bestias
Essays about roman criminal law – damnatio ad bestias
Autorzy:
Kubiak, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Rzymskie prawo karne
Damnatio ad bestias
Roman criminal Law
Opis:
Damnatio ad bestias is definitely one of the most amazing institutions of Roman criminal law. It was an aggravated form of death penalty used in public procedure, mostly against noncitizens and humiliores, from I century a. D. As it seems however, it had already appeared before in domestic jurisdiction of the owners of the slaves, in the frames of ius vitae ac necis, but not as a death penalty. Such slaves were sold to lanistae in order to fight with wild animals. The interesting point about damnatio ad bestias is, that it was omitted in the legal catalogues of inflicted penalties. It was the consequence of its characteristic – it depended on organization of the games and some infrastructure, like amphitheatres or animals. So there were just few occasions during the year to inflict this penalty. Other aggravated forms of death penalty, crucifixion and burning alive, were equivalent and could be inflicted interchangeably with analyzed punishment, despite few exceptional texts. Damnatio ad bestias could be also executed in the situations of aggravation of perpetrator’s responsibility resulting from the use of arms, in cases of organized crimes or committed by night. Sometimes it was also replacing other traditional penalties, like for example poena cullei.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2010, LXXXII (82); 107-124
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regulacje normatywne dotyczące ochrony praw jednostki w irlandzkim procesie karnym
The Irish criminal procedure rules connected with protection of human rights
Autorzy:
Jankowska-Prochot, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697696.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
Irish Statutes
court
criminal law
justice system in Ireland
Opis:
This article aims to bring closer knowledge on respecting and protecting rights and freedoms of the individual in Ireland. The author presents the evolution of the source of Irish criminal law and criminal justice system in that country. The influence of the Convention for Protection of Human Rights is also discussed. The text is based on relevant Irish statues and opinions of the country’s jurisprudence.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2019, 17, 1; 91-98
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przekaz mediów a populizm penalny i jego znaczenie społeczne (na przykładzie sprawy „polskiego Fritzla”)
Autorzy:
Ewelina, Kamińska
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
mass media, media influence, penal populism, criminal law, pedophilia
Opis:
On November 5th, 2009, the Polish Parliament passed an amendment to the Penal Code, introducing a new preventive measure against pedophilia perpetrators, commonly known as chemical castration. The amended Article 95a, section 1a of the Penal Code concerns, among others, a mandatory referral of the perpetrator of rape of a minor under the age of 15 to outpatient treatment or placement in a closed institution, where they will undergo pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment aimed at reducing sex drive. The amendment has been widely criticized by professionals; doctors, sexologists, and criminologists, who underlined ineffectiveness and possible adverse health consequences of the so-called chemical castration, not to mention how its mandatory nature violates the basic rights of the individual.Nevertheless, this law has an extremely large popular support: according to a Millward Brown SMG / KRC survey lab, 79% of Poles approved of the amendment. It is also worth noting that the first announcement of the introduction of the above-mentioned Act took place on September 9th, 2008, and thus on the same day on which the media revealed the so-called Polish Fritzl case, whose perpetrator, Krzysztof B. is currently held imprisoned for sexual abuse of his daughter. The topic of this paper is to answer whether and to what extent the introduction of the so-called ‚chemical castration act’ was infl uenced by the phenomenon of penal populism, and what the role played by media was in this process. It is a research attempt to determine how the Polish media report the allegations of pedophilia crimes and whether the manner of reporting could have infl uenced the public opinion about this kind of crimes and the political decisions about the employed ways of combating it.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze; 2014, 57, 1
0555-0025
2084-3836
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona środowiska w europejskim prawie karnym. Część III. Lista przestępstw
Environmental protection in the European criminal law. Part III. The list of criminal offences
Autorzy:
Radecki, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/271886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Kardynała Augusta Hlonda
Tematy:
prawo karne
środowisko
ochrona
przestępstwo
criminal law
protection
environment
Opis:
Artykuł 3 dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2008/99/WE z 19 listopada 2008r. w sprawie ochrony środowiska poprzez prawo karne zawiera listę dziewięciu przestępstw, które powinny być ścigane na podstawie przepisów karnych państw członkowskich. Przedmiotem trzeciej części szkicu jest omówienie tych przestępstw oraz zestawienie ich z dziś obowiązującymi przepisami karnymi polskimi, ze zwróceniem uwagi także na problematykę karalności podżegania i pomocnictwa (art. 4 dyrektywy) oraz sankcji (art. 5 dyrektywy).
Article 3 of the Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and the Council on the protection of the environment through criminal law dated 19 November 2008 includes a list of nine criminal offences which should be prosecuted on the basis of the criminal laws of the Member States. Part III of the overview discusses these offences also in the context of the current regulations of the polish criminal law with special focus on the issue of incitement and aiding and abetting (Article 4) and the penalties (Article 5).
Źródło:
Problemy Ekologii; 2010, R. 14, nr 2, 2; 56-60
1427-3381
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brainjacking. Aspekty karnoprawne
Brainjacking. Criminal law aspects
Autorzy:
Ziobroń, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
brainjacking
criminal law
hacker
human rights
implant
prawo karne
Opis:
Wraz z rozwojem technologii można zaobserwować pojawienie się nowych zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa społeczeństwa i jednostek. Jednym z nich jest brainjacking, rozumiany jako nieuprawniony dostęp do implantów mózgu. Takie działanie mogłoby być (np. poprzez zmianę parametrów jak częstotliwość czy napięcie na elektrodach) wykorzystywane do wywoływania uczucia dyskomfortu czy nawet poważnych urazów. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie zachowania mogącego wchodzić w zakres pojęciowy brainjackingu, a także typów czynów zabronionych, (art. 269a k.k., art. 156 k.k., art. 157 k.k., art. 160 k.k., 190a § 1 k.k.3), których ustawowe znamiona mogą zostać przez nie wypełnione. Ponadto wskazano możliwe zbiegi przepisów. W artykule zastosowano głównie metodę formalno-dogmatyczną.
With the development of technology, the appearance of new threats for the security of society and individuals may be observed. Brainjacking, understood as unauthorised access to brain implants, may become one of them. It could be used to gain unlawful access to personal data and also (e.g. by changing parameters like frequency or voltage on electrodes) to cause distress or even serious injuries. The aim of the paper is to present behaviours that may be included in the conceptual scope of brainjacking and also types of prohibited acts (i.a. Articles 269a, 156, 157 and 160 of the Polish Criminal Code) whose statutory requirements might be met by such behaviours. Moreover, possible concurrence of legal rules is pointed out as well as the impact of new technologies on the form and content of human rights which may require a redefinition. The main research method used in the paper involves an analysis of the law in force.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2021, 35; 119-133
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implementation of the Istanbul Convention into the National Criminal Legislation in Poland
Autorzy:
Hypś, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40460617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
criminal law
Istanbul Convention
violence against women
monitoring mechanism
Opis:
The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence (further: Istanbul Convention) became part of the Polish legal system on August 1, 2015. The ratification process of the Istanbul Convention was marked with difficulties from its very opening for signature. The provisions of the Convention have caused – and continue to arouse – a range of extreme emotions and doubts. The fierce dispute that has emerged over the implementation of the Convention in Poland at some point even led to action being taken for termination. As things have been to date, Poland has not terminated of the Istanbul Convention. Five years following ratification of the Convention, in March 2020, Poland submitted a report on the implementation of measures giving effect to its provisions into the Polish legal system, as required under the monitoring mechanism. Poland’s report was considered by GREVIO, with an assessment made of Polish legislation in this regard and an evaluation report issued in June 2021. Notwithstanding the comments that Poland made to the GREVIO report, the key conclusions of the assessment should be highlighted as regards compliance of Polish criminal legislation with the standard of protection of women against violence, including domestic violence, under the Convention. Since the Convention was opened for signature, and in particular since its ratification, the Polish legislator has introduced a range of amendments to the Criminal Code aimed at raising the standard of protection for victims of domestic violence and of effective prosecution of offenders. This text highlights the most important of these changes and presents the current state of implementation of the Istanbul Convention into Polish criminal law.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, 55, 4; 221-242
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka uwag o relacji prawa karnego i moralności wokół problematyki samobójstwa
A few comments on the relationship between criminal law and morality in the context of suicide-related matters
Autorzy:
Snarski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
philosophy of criminal law
legal moralism
criminal law and morality
desiderata for the creation and application of criminal law
filozofia prawa karnego
moralizm prawny
prawo karne a moralność
dezyderaty tworzenia i stosowania prawa karnego
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi studium z filozofii prawa karnego, w którym podjęto refleksję nad wybranymi problemami wynikającymi z relacji między normami prawa karnego a normami moralnymi, pojawiającymi się przy analizie problematyki samobójstwa. W opracowaniu posłużono się głównie metodą myślenia teoretycznego i analizy dogmatycznej. Autor podjął próbę ukazania znaczenia problematyki moralnej w prawie karnym, pierwotnie omawiając związane z nią zagadnienia w kontekście problematyki samobójstwa, by następnie zauważyć ich uniwersalny charakter w prawie karnym, a także w prawie in genere. Okazuje się, że z wąskiej problematyki samobójstwa można wyprowadzić wiele znaczących wniosków ogólnych (zarówno z zakresu filozofii, jak i dogmatyki prawa karnego) dotyczących relacji prawa karnego i moralności, co jednocześnie pozwala na sformułowanie katalogu dezyderatów dogmatycznoprawnych dotyczących tworzenia i stosowania prawa karnego.
The article is a study of the philosophy of criminal law, reflecting on selected problems resulting from the relationship between the norms of criminal law and moral norms that stand to the fore when analysing the issue of suicide. The study mainly applies theoretical reasoning and an analysis of the law in force. The author attempts to show the importance of moral issues in criminal law, initially identifying the corresponding suicide-related subject matter, and then noticing their universal nature in criminal law and in law in genere. It turns out that many significant general conclusions regarding the relationship between criminal law and morality (both in the field of philosophy and doctrines of criminal law) can be drawn from the narrow subject matter of suicide. This at the same time allows for the formulation of a catalogue of legal desiderata regarding the creation and application of criminal law.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2021, 35; 85-98
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Claus Kreß and Stefan Barriga (eds.), The Crime of Aggression: A Commentary, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 2017
Autorzy:
Kleczkowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
international criminal law
crime of aggression
domestic law
just war theory
Opis:
Review of a book: Claus Kreß and Stefan Barriga (eds.), The Crime of Aggression: A Commentary, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 2017
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 312-316
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Tendencies and Issues of Transposing EU Law to the General Part of Lithuanian Criminal Code
Tendencje i problemy związane z wdrożeniem prawa unijnego do Części ogólnej litewskiego Kodeksu Karnego
Autorzy:
Švedas, Gintaras
Veršekys, Paulius
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
EU law
criminal law
Lithuanian Criminal Code
prawo Unii Europejskiej
prawo karne
litewski Kodeks Karny
Opis:
This article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of transposing European Union law to the General Part of the Lithuanian Criminal Code, as well as certain aspects of the European Union criminal law that make serious influence on the Lithuanian criminal law and may create problems in the future.
Artykuł dotyczy teoretycznych i praktycznych kwestii związanych z wdrożeniem prawa unijnego do Części ogólnej litewskiego Kodeksu Karnego, jak również niektórych aspektów unijnego prawa karnego. Prawo to w istotny sposób wpływa na litewskie prawo karne, co może wywołać określone problemy w przyszłości.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2016, XCIX; 89-115
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Principle of Proportionality in European Union Law as a Prerequisite for Penalization
Autorzy:
Długosz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European criminal law
principle if proportionality in the EU
penalization
Opis:
The paper analysis the principle of proportionality, which is widely applied in the EU legal order and is therefore one of the fundamental principles of the system of the European Union. It is one of the legal principles that govern decision-making processes and common strategic objectives, and which are applicable when establishing European Union legislation and transposing it into national law, including in the area of criminal law, although the current analyses do not often focus on discussing this aspect. Due to its complexity and significance for the processes of establishing and applying the law, the principle of proportionality requires detailed and separate discussion, especially in the context of European criminal law.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 283-300
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La tutela penale del minore migrante in Italia
The criminal protection of the migrant minor in Italy
Autorzy:
Pighi, Giorgio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1944512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
children
migrant
criminal law
last resort
legal protection
unaccompanied children
Opis:
Providing specific criminal protection for migrant minors requires the balance of two legal aspects related to the specific weaknesses of the children; on the one hand, the condition of the minor is characterized by the inadequate experience and specific risks of victimization; on the other hand, the migrant status is related to the lack of social and family references, economic need and diversity of culture. The protection the two mentioned legal aspects requires the enforcement of both different rules to be combined; the application of existing regulations, with the evaluation of the crime’s circumstances, as well as the definition of new criminal figures, who identify some peculiar forms of possible aggression or endangerment, are both useful solutions for the very problematic balance of the two goods. In order to provide effective protection for migrant minors, it is essential to fully implement the principle of “last resort”. Criminal protection, in fact, should only intervene in support and completion of priority preventive administrative safeguards; the administrative protection has to intervene before the commission of serious crimes, which risk compromising, even irremediably, the personality of the vulnerable minor. Otherwise, the administrative action would provide only indirect protection, with no effects on weak persons; an efficient intervention aims to preserve the fragility of the migrant child taking into account the objective risks, often very serious, due to the simultaneous of the two conditions (minor age and migration status). Criminal protection alone would not prevent the maturing of trauma, harassment, exploitation, material and educational deprivation. The law of 7 April 2017, n. 47 «Provisions regarding the protection measures for unaccompanied foreign minors» is significant in this regard.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2020, 19, 1; 267-287
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępstwo zdrady ojczyzny jako problem kodyfikacji prawa karnego materialnego Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
The crime of betrayal of one’s homeland as a problem of codification of the substantive criminal law of the Polish People’s Republic
Autorzy:
Szczygieł, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782681.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Polish People’s Republic
criminal law
betrayal of the homeland
Opis:
The paper presents the background to the introduction of the crime of betrayal of the Fatherland to the Penal Code of 1969. Due to the Soviet models and Article 79, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Polish People’s Republic of 1952, this issue was one of the main themes of considerations on the socialist criminal material law of the second half of the twentieth century. The presented evolution of views in this area shows that they changed with the subsequent political upheavals of 1950—1969. The cases of Józef Światło and Paweł Monat posed a real threat to the communist authorities; therefore, counteracting them — also on a legislative basis — was one of the priorities of the codification of the criminal law of the Polish People’s Republic.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 913-932
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Art. 167 znowelizowanego Kodeksu postępowania karnego jako klauzula generalna – próba analizy teoretycznej
Art. 167 of the amended Polish Code of Criminal Procedure with a general clause – an attempt of a theoretical analysis
Autorzy:
Kotowski, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
klauzule generalne
luz normatywny
prawo karne
general clauses
criminal law
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi próbę analizy znowelizowanego brzmienia art. 167 Kodeksu postępowania karnego. W tekście dokonano teoretycznego rozróżnienia elementów normatywnego luzu decyzyjnego, w postaci klauzul generalnych oraz zwrotów niedookreślonych. Opracowanie sporządzone jest w nurcie integracji wewnętrznej nauk prawnych w celu adaptacji refleksji teoretycznej do problemu dogmatycznoprawnego.
The article applies the theoretical analysis of general clauses and phrases vague with respect to the amended Article 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2015, 7, 1; 195-217
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona środowiska w europejskim prawie karnym. Część II. Preambuła i definicje dyrektywy wspólnotowej
Environmental protection in the European criminal law. Part II. The preamble and definitions of the Community Directive
Autorzy:
Radecki, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/272514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Kardynała Augusta Hlonda
Tematy:
środowisko
prawo karne
ochrona
preambuła
environment
protection
criminal law
preamble
Opis:
Przedmiotem drugiej części opracowania poświęconego ochronie środowiska w europejskim prawie karnym jest przytoczenie i skomentowanie preambuły oraz dwóch pierwszych artykułów dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2008/99/WE z 19 listopada 2008 r. w sprawie ochrony środowiska oprzez prawo karne.
Part II of the outline of the environmental protection in the European criminal law presents the preamble together with some comments to it as well as two first articles of the Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of the environment through criminal law.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekologii; 2010, R. 14, nr 1, 1; 5-8
1427-3381
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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