Normatywna i semantyczna konstrukcja winy w polskim prawie karnym. Językoznawcze uwagi de lege ferenda

The aim of the article is to analyse the normative concept of guilt currently adopted by the Polish legislator from the semantic perspective. Under Polish law, imputation of a perpetrator of a criminal act is a prerequisite for incurring criminal liability. The perpetrator who cannot be blamed is not punishable and is not treated as a criminal. The legislator distinguishes two forms of guilt: intentional, which is synonymous with intention, and unintentional. Both intentional and intentional guilt are subject to further gradations in the Act, which often raises serious difficulties in judicial practice. In the article, the author strives to formulate the linguistic postulates de lege ferenda, which helps avoid interpretation doubts by changing the wording of language related to the construction of guilt in criminal law.