Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

The state of medical knowledge in Poland and local methods of maintaining health and longevity according to the Irish physician of Jan III Sobieski

Autorzy:

White, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407898.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-12

Wydawca:

Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)

Tematy:

POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH
Connor
XVII c.
medicine
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

Bernard Connor held the position of Jan III Sobieski’s personal physician for a year. One of the outcomes of his time in Poland is the two-volume The History of Poland, which was published in London in 1698. Not only does the work provide interesting historical facts relating to the country, but it also reveals details concerning the professional job carried out by the author. He was, for instance, particularly interested in curious medical cases and the interplay between behaviour and health. One of the most well-known and engaging section of his work concerns the notes on the “kołtun” and the reflections on the cause of Poles’ strong and good health.

Źródło:

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2021, 12; 5-16
2384-9266

Pojawia się w:

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:

Hieroglifik w teorii Rzeczpospolitej (XVII-XVIII w.). Zarys problematyki
The hieroglyphic in the theory of the Polish Republic (17th-18th century): an overview

Autorzy:

Górska, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636441.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Tematy:

hieroglyphic
Polish Republic
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
heraldry

Opis:

The article is concerned with the definition of the “hieroglyphic” which was used in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 17th to the 18th century. It takes into consideration the definition found in linguistic dictionaries and studies the area of rhetoric and poetics (printed and handwritten texts, mainly Jesuitical and Piarist ones). Apart from terminological allusions in literary texts they constitute the basic sources of information for understanding emblems and symbols (Polish writing lacks a separate treatise on issues related to symbolical genres). Polish definitions were far from egyptological issues or the hermetic tradition. During the review of material, attention has been afforded to the blurring of the differences between symbolical genres (for example considering the hieroglyphic as equivalent to an emblem or symbol due to their “symbolic” character, and using hieroglyphics as an emblematic pictorial element) was to a great extent caused by the rhetorical character of their reception. The use of scripts and dictionaries of symbols lead to the loosening of the definition of the hieroglyphic after the first half of the 17th century, and to the use of the hieroglyphic to name motifs or comparisons regarded as abstract, mysterious and allegorical. The key issues related to the definition of the hieroglyphic in Poland invovlved defining the relationship between the genre and image or writing. Among other things, the relationship between hieroglyphics and Egyptian letters was emphasized, the lack of the lemma, the use of sign images or sentences. Due to the influence of studies on the art of memory, hieroglyphics were perceived as compositions consisting of letters of rebus-like character and pictorial alphabet. In the last years of the 17th century the genre has gained interest due to cryptography and universal language. In Poland hieroglyphics were mainly understood as animal and object symbols of simplified, abstract and established, traditional meaning. They were also seen in the context of Egyptian keepsakes from the past and the mysterious sacrum. Attention was also given to this genre in the context of heraldry (coats of arms were perceived as hieroglyphics of representatives of noble families). It was believed that hieroglyphics stemmed from the principle of similarity (similitudo, sometimes identified with allegory), as well as metonymy and synecdoche. In the rhetoric of the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, hieroglyphics were combined with the moral doctrine which is typical of emblematics. In the first half of the 18th century it was common to simplify information about hieroglyphics and to reduce the historical content and sacral aspect of the genre in favor of symbolism and iconology. The enigmatic nature of meaning has gained a pejorative sense. The material which has been subject to analysis (a list of handwritten rhetoric and poetics has been included in the annex) has proved that the reception of hieroglyphics has exerted a decisive influence on the distinctness of Polish emblematics. What may be clearly seen in the context of the definition of the hierogliphicum is the specificity of symbolical writing on the territory of the Polish Republic – the borderline between the emblem and stemma

Źródło:

Terminus; 2012, 14, 25; 15-46
2084-3844

Pojawia się w:

Terminus

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:

Oswajanie przestrzeni. Wojna inflancka 1600-1602 w grze komputerowej Kozacy 3

Autorzy:

Szymala, Jacek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2095896.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk

Tematy:

Livonia
visual history
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Cossacks

Opis:

Poland (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) maintained close relations with Sweden between the end of the 16th century and the mid-17th century. Attempts at cooperation (possible union, the Vasa dynasty) intertwined with wars including the war of Livonia in the early 17th century. In the article I take a closer look at three places related to this war: Valmiera, Viljandi and Paide. I used guidebooks to the region, traditional written historiography and a computer game from 2016. The goal is to familiarize the visual history of these places, draw attention to new methods in the humanities (visual history, visual anthropology) and to modernize history itself, also in the context of memorial sites.

Źródło:

Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture; 2020, 9; 87-94
2299-4645

Pojawia się w:

Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:

„Lubiły szczególniej muzykę, która część ich wychowania stanowiła”. Domowa edukacja muzyczna polskich szlachcianek epoki oświecenia
“[They] Liked Music in Particular, Which Was A Part of Their Manners.” Home Music Education of Polish Aristocrat Women During the Enlightenment

Autorzy:

Janicka, Jowita

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15824936.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-03-15

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

Enlightenment
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
education of girls
music

Opis:

The education and upbringing of youth was one of the main issues considered by the aristocracy of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the age of the Enlightenment. A significant part of this current was music education (learning to play the instruments, singing and dancing) acknowledged as compulsory for women with reading, writing, learning foreign languages and history altogether. Every well-educated woman aristocrat could elegantly play the instrument and sing. They were gaining that knowledge primarily at home from foreign and domestic teachers. Despite the popularity of such education and constant presence of music during many noble balls, ceremonies and social arrangements, it was unfavorable in the eyes of current educational theoreticians and according to them useless. Yet memoirs offer multiple examples of delight about female musical abilities. Furthermore, music as a fundamental part of education was mentioned by women themselves; the shortcomings were punished. It seems that despite educationalists’ complaints music education of women helped thementertain noble guests with their musical talents. Woman with such skills, seeking good and affluent husbands, could successfully conquer male hearts.

Źródło:

Studia Edukacyjne; 2021, 60; 263-278
1233-6688

Pojawia się w:

Studia Edukacyjne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:

Jan Jakub Rousseau konstytucjonalistą. Projekty dla Korsyki i Rzeczypospolitej Szlacheckiej (część II)
Jean Jacques Rousseau as a constitutionalist. His projects for Corsica and the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth (part II)

Autorzy:

Filipiak, Zbigniew

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697333.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Opolski

Tematy:

Rousseau
Constitution
Corsica
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Enlightenment
democracy

Opis:

The article is a continuation of the dissertation on constitutional projects of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The first part concerned his reform work for Corsica, while the second part presents concepts prepared for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Both projects were written for a specific orders – from a Corsican conservative nobleman Mathieu Buttafoco and the Bar Confederates. The comparison of these works, as well as their reference to earlier works by Rousseau, gives the opportunity to look at the evolution of the philosopher’s views, his attempt to adapt them to specific social, political and historical conditions. The less radical tone of the proposals for Poland is noteworthy. It is also necessary to answer the question of what made him want to deal with the affairs of both lands.

Źródło:

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2019, 17, 3; 19-35
2658-1922

Pojawia się w:

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:

Jan Jakub Rousseau konstytucjonalistą. Projekty dla Korsyki i Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej (część I)
Jean Jacques Rousseau as a constitutionalist. His projects for Corsica and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (part I)

Autorzy:

Filipiak, Zbigniew

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697548.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Opolski

Tematy:

Rousseau
constitution
Corsica
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Enlightenment
democracy

Opis:

In the Age of Enlightenment, the concepts of legal reforms were often proposed by literary men, publicists and philosophers. The vision of a breakthrough was exciting – they believed in the benevolent power of new, just regulations that would heal humanity, eradicate exploitation and social inequalities. Jean Jacques Rousseau, one of the most famous but controversial thinkers of the era, thought in a similar way. The dissertation concerns his two constitutional projects - written for Corsica (Part I) and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Part II). The first part presents events that decided that the philosopher from Geneva dealt with the issue of a small island in the Mediterranean, trying to consolidate its barely won independence. However, the focus is on the very concepts of the political and social system planned for Corsica by Rousseau, referring them to the previous works of the thinker. His radical solutions expressed his broader views on civilization, the state, law and people. In part II of the article, they will be confronted with the project prepared for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Źródło:

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2018, 16, 4 (1); 107-121
2658-1922

Pojawia się w:

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:

W służbie Sobieskiego. Działalność polityczna i wojskowa Jana Gorzeńskiego (około 1626–1694)
In the Service at Sobieski: the Political and Military Activity of Jan Gorzeński (ca. 1626–1694)

Autorzy:

Pietrzak, Jarosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075836.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018-03-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

clientelism
protection
army
dietines
diplomacy
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

So far the figure of Jan Gorzeński was treated marginally by researchers dealing with the subject matter of the political and military clientele of Jan III Sobieski. The activity of Gorzeński in the institutions of political life in the province of Greater Poland became the starting point to his further activity in the Sejm. Obedience and loyalty which were evinced by Gorzeński first towards the castellan, next to the voivode of Poznań Krzysztof Grzymułtowski allowed him to get closer to the people associated with Sobieski. Upon his inspiration, Gorzeński recruited members of the Sejm and converted them into supporters of the marshal and grand crown hetman. In the 1670s the activity of Gorzeński was also discernible in the military field. His participation in war campaigns against the Tatars, Turks and Cossacks made him a recognizable and praiseworthy commander of the dragoon regiment. The coronation of Jan Sobieski constituted the turning point in Gorzeński’s career as he was promoted and entrusted with the starost estates. His marriage with Sobieski’s relative – Elżbieta – the widow after Władysław Denhoff (died 1671) also helped him to be one of the co-operators of the king. Thanks to this, Jan won respect and had the opportunity to rise above the level of middle-income noblemen. In the last years of his life Gorzeński focused on the struggle with the Sapiehas, who at the end of the reign of Jan III Sobieski set up a faction which was in opposition to the court.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 1; 69-110
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:

Tobacco Taxation in Old-Time Poland

Autorzy:

Naworski, Zbigniew

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803116.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-10-25

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

snuff
tobacco monopoly
duty
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Lithuania
Crown

Opis:

The article deals with taxation of tobacco and tobacco products in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After tobacco was imported into Poland, its use spread extremely quickly; initially it was used as snuff, and from the 18th century onwards, smoking in pipes became prevalent. Importantly, tobacco and tobacco products were then regarded as a medicine to prevent and cure almost all diseases. Duties on tobacco/snuff were first imposed in 1643 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in the Crown tobacco monopoly was introduced in 1659. From that time, tobacco/snuff duties were imposed regularly in Lithuania; in the Crown duty on these products was imposed once again in 1677, and then in the 1690s tobacco monopoly ended throughout the Polish Republic. The issue was revived only in the times of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, when tobacco monopoly was introduced, initially managed by a private company called Kompania Tabaczna, and then, in the 1690s, by the state-owned Manipulacja Tabaczna. However, over the whole period under consideration, revenues from tobacco/snuff taxation were relatively small.

Źródło:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2019, 28, 1; 57-77
1507-7896
2544-5227

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:

Kościół katolicki wobec reform szpitalnictwa u schyłku I. Rzeczypospolitej

Autorzy:

Srogosz, Tadeusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195725.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-09-30

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie

Tematy:

Catholic Church
reforms
hospitals
end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

In individual cases of hospitals, we can see a far-reaching convergence of views, especially when this did not significantly affect the interests of groups or institutions. However, there were extremely fierce disputes over the proposals that undermined the monopolistic position of the Church and its income. During the Four-Year Sejm, anticlerical tendencies intensified. The Authorities of the Four-Year Sejm tried to solve the problem of hospital funds, repeatedly raised in the 18th century (and earlier), but – a.o., due to the resistance of some clergymen - they managed to gather only some information from hospital managers. The activities of the authorities with regard to the hospitals tentatively aimed at their medicalisation, whereas the Church, in its mainstream, adhered to inalterability of social care and opposed any interference or change.

Źródło:

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2020, 27, 1; 190-204
1232-1575

Pojawia się w:

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Cultural, Class, or Scientific Aspirations? Polish Jews at the University of Padua
Aspirazioni culturali, di classe o scientifiche? Ebrei polacchi all’Università di Padova

Autorzy:

Marchel, Sławomir

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37502293.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie

Tematy:

Padua
university
students
Jews
Jewish medics
medicine
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

Among the students of medicine in Padua from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in XVII and XVIII centuries, we can note a certain number of Jews. This article contains a short analysis of so far findings in the area of research on this aspect of Jewish history in the First Republic of Poland. Referring to more and less known facts, the Author paid particular attention to the motivations and aspirations of Jewish scholars who had come to City of Antenor from Polish-Lithuanian land. Following the careers of Jewish medical graduates, we can see, that for most of them having a Padua diploma was not only the way to gain a better status in the Jewish community but also a gateway to overcoming cultural barriers. According to the Author, this was possible due to the fact, that many of the representatives of polish nobility, who were called “Paduans,” had similar experiences of contact with the university environment and the culture of the Venetian Republic.
Tra gli studenti di medicina a Padova provenienti dalla Confederazione Polacco-Lituana, nei secoli XVII e XVIII, possiamo notare un certo numero di Ebrei. L’articolo contiene una breve analisi dei risultati fino ad ora ottenuti nell’ambito della ricerca su questo aspetto della storia delgi Ebrei nella Prima Repubblica di Polonia. Riferendosi a fatti più o meno conosciuti, l’Autore presta particolare attenzione alle motivazioni e alle aspirazioni degli studenti ebrei che arrivavano alla città di Antenore dalle terre Polacco-Lituane. Seguendo la carriera degli Ebrei laureati in medicina, possiamo osservare che per molti di loro conseguire il diploma a Padova non non era solo un modo per ottenere uno status migliore nella comunità ebraica, ma anche una porta per superare le barriere culturali. Secondo l’Autore, ciò era possibile poiché molti dei rappresentanti della nobiltà polacca, detti “padovani”, avevano avuto analoghe esperienze di contatto con l’ambiente universitario e con la cultura della Repubblica di Venezia.

Źródło:

Perspektywy Kultury; 2023, 41, 2/1; 147-162
2081-1446
2719-8014

Pojawia się w:

Perspektywy Kultury

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

Skład i liczebność armii litewskiej podczas wojny z Turcją w latach 1683–1686
Composition and Numbers of the Lithuanian Army during the War with Turkey in 1683–1686

Autorzy:

Bobiatyński, Konrad

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058190.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-03-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

war
muster
treasury
seventeenth century
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Ottoman Empire
Lithuanian army

Opis:

A historiography devoted to the reign of King John III Sobieski has so far lacked a detailed study on the Lithuanian army during the war with Turkey in 1683–1699. This article partially fills this gap as it precisely reconstructs the composition and numbers of the Lithuanian army in 1683–1686, i.e. during the expedition to Slovakia (1683), the campaigns in Zhvanets (1684) and Bukovina (1685), and military operations in Moldova (1686). Primary sources used for the article included treasury records, which are currently stored in Vilnius, i.e. reports of the Grand Treasurer of Lithuania, Benedict Paweł Sapieha, submitted at General Sejms in 1685 and 1689, as well as a short document that contains data from muster rolls of the 1680s. The records of the Grand Treasurer of Lithuania contain detailed lists of all Lithuanian military units which were part of the mercenary army and data on their numbers during the eight quarters of military service between 1683 and 1686. This material can be used for in-depth studies on the careers of military officers at that time, as well as the patronclient relationships between hetmans and their subordinates. The article also analyses the actions of the hetmans Kazimierz Jan Sapieha and Józef Bogusław Słuszko, whose aim was to strengthen the position of the Sapieha family and the royalist party, respectively, among soldiers and commanders.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 1; 29-55
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Laboratory for Analysing Connections between Confessions, the Demographic Regime, and Human Capital

Autorzy:

Guzowski, Piotr
Poniat, Radosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601407.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

religious diversity
household structures
human capital
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

Religion played a key role in the normative systems of early modern societies. This article is an introduction to a more extensive project, in which we will conduct a historical analysis of the role of religion in economic, demographic, and civilizational growth. We believe that the sources that have survived from the early modern period provide ample data to allow for quantitative studies on this subject. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth appears to be an excellent laboratory because of its unique religious diversity, which allowed for the relatively peaceful coexistence of many religions on its territory. In this paper we analyse censuses from the second half of the eighteenth century which registered the mixed denomination/religious populations of villages (the Zabartowo parish), a small town (Kępno) and a big city (Warsaw). We try to show that these censuses can be used not only in typical demographic studies on family structures, but can also be successfully used in research on human capital in religiously diversified societies.

Źródło:

Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 116
0001-6829

Pojawia się w:

Acta Poloniae Historica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

The Uniate Alteration of the Orthodox Treatise Zercalo bogoslovii
Unicka przeróbka prawosławnego traktatu Zwierciadło teologii

Autorzy:

Kuczyńska, Marzanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635531.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

Kirill Stavrovetsky
theology
Pochaiv
Orthodox Church
Uniates
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

The article deals with the modification introduced by the Uniates to the Orthodox treatise Zercalo bogoslovii (1618), published in Pochaiv in 1790. The Uniate publishers created the Uniate roots of treatise, changed the language – a simple speech was replaced by the Russian Church Slavonic. Initial pages with the old title and preface to the reader were removed from the book, the title was rewritten, a new preface was written. The editors extended and corrected the content of the treatise, but they did not change the entire dogmatics – they did not add a chapter about the primacy of the Pope, and the dogma about the origin of the Holy Spirit was only partially changed in the spirit of Catholic theology, which sheds new light on the religious and cultural contacts between the Orthodox and the Uniates in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Źródło:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2018, 14
2084-3011

Pojawia się w:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th–18th Century
Prawosławni w wielowyznaniowej i wielokulturowej Rzeczypospolitej w XVI–XVIII wieku

Autorzy:

Mironowicz, Antoni

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951422.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

Orthodox Church
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
multicultural society
religion relations
tolerance

Opis:

The society of the Commonwealth was always characterized – to a greater or lesser degree – by a diversified religious and national structure. The problem with a society with different religious characteristics had appeared on a large scale already in the 14th century, when ethnically non-Polish people could be found within the borders of the Commonwealth. In the 14th century the Kingdom of Poland lost extensive ethnically Polish areas in the West. The religious and ethnic structure of the state changed due to the incorporation of Red Ruthenia by Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki). Casimir III the Great – the last representative of the Piast dynasty – understood the importance of the problem connected with the presence of Orthodox Church members within state borders. The king preserved the rights and rites of the Orthodox Church. Political relations between the grand Duchy of Lithuania and Catholic Poland had religious repercussions. It curbed the development of the Orthodox religion and paved the way for the Latin Church – with all the political and cultural consequences. The Orthodox religion changed from the dominating position to a tolerated one. Yet the Jagiellonians understood that Orthodox people inhabited their own – in an ethnic sense – territories. The Jagiellonians, as opposed to the Angevin (Andegawenowie) or the House of Valois (Walezjusze), built their power on the multireligious structure of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They did not intend to follow the western model of a single religion Roman Catholic state, with one dominating Latin culture. Their stand resulted from the ethnic structure of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. During the Jagiellonian dynasty, the Orthodox religion became a national and folk denomination, through the omnipresence of various forms of cult and rites. The power of the Commonwealth was based on its recognition by the Orthodox Ruthenian population of the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their own state. Good multireligious and multicultural cohabitation was shaken by the 1596 Union of Brest (Unia Brzeska). The Union of Brest undermined the main element of Ruthenian culture, based on its spiritual unity with Byzantium. A medial element, situated between the two traditions, was added to the existing Catholic-Orthodox model. The Union’s initiators were mistaken in their beliefs that its attractiveness would move Ruthenians from the Orthodox Church. Despite this tendency, the fall of Orthodox culture did not take place; on the contrary, it developed in new forms, which were more adequate to 17th century’s reality. Consequently, the Union of Brest did not turn against the Orthodox Church assuch, but the Orthodox Church in the Commonwealth. The Union of Brest was in some aspects beneficial for the Roman Catholic Church, yet it did not solve any of the internal problems of the state. In Poland the distance between Polish elites and Ruthenian culture increased. A Protestant, brought up in western culture, was closer to a Catholic than a Ruthenian following Byzantine traditions, though increasingly more and more immersed in Polish culture.
Społeczeństwo Rzeczypospolitej w mniejszym lub większym stopniu zawsze posiadało zróżnicowaną strukturę wyznaniową i narodową. Problem związany ze społecznością o odmiennej specyfice wyznaniowej pojawił się w Polsce na szeroką skalę już w XIV w., kiedy w jej granicach znalazły się obszary zamieszkane przez ludność etnicznie niepolską. W XIV w. Królestwo Polskie utraciło znaczne obszary etnicznych ziem polskich na zachodzie. W rezultacie włączenia przez Kazimierza Wielkiego Rusi Halickiej zmieniła się struktura wyznaniowa i etniczna kraju. Wagę problemu obecności w granicach państwa polskiego wyznawców Kościoła prawosławnego rozumiał ostatni przedstawiciel dynastii piastowskiej – Kazimierz Wielki. Kazimierz Wielki zachował prawa i obrządek Kościoła prawosławnego. Związek polityczny Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z katolicką Polską miał ważne konsekwencje w relacjach wyznaniowych. Zahamował rozwój prawosławia i utorował drogę Kościołowi łacińskiemu ze wszystkimi skutkami polityczno-kulturowymi. Prawosławie z wyznania dominującego stało się wyznaniem tolerowanym. Mimo to, Jagiellonowie rozumieli, że ludność prawosławna była na swym etnicznym terytorium. W odróżnieniu od Andegawenów czy Walezjuszy, swoją potęgę budowali na wielowyznaniowej strukturze Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Obcy był im model zachodni jednowyznaniowego katolickiego państwa, z jedną dominującą kulturą łacińską. Do takiej postawy zmuszała ich struktura etniczna Księstwa Litewskiego. W epoce jagiellońskiej prawosławie stało się wiarą narodową i ludową, poprzez wszechobecność różnorodnych form kultu i obrzędów. Potęga Rzeczypospolitej opierała się na uznaniu przez ludność ruską wyznania prawosławnego Korony i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego za własne państwo. Fenomen dobrego wielowyznaniowego i wielokulturowego współżycia został zachwiany zawarciem unii brzeskiej (1596). Unia brzeska podważyła główny element podstawy kultury ruskiej, opierający się na duchowej jedności z Bizancjum. Do istniejącego układu katolicko-prawosławnego doszedł jeszcze jeden element pośredni, zawieszony między dwoma tradycjami. Inicjatorzy unii błędnie liczyli, że jej atrakcyjność spowoduje odejście Rusinów od prawosławia. Pomimo tej tendencji nie nastąpił upadek kultury prawosławnej, a nawet jej rozwój w nowych formach, bardziej dostosowanych do XVII-wiecznej rzeczywistości. W rezultacie unia brzeska obróciła się nie przeciwko prawosławiu jako takiemu, ale przeciwko prawosławiu w Rzeczypospolitej. W efekcie przyniosła ona niewielkie korzyści Kościołowi rzymskokatolickiemu, ale nie rozwiązała żadnego problemu wewnętrznego kraju. W Polsce dystans elit katolickich wobec kultury ruskiej i prawosławia został pogłębiony. Katolikowi nadal bliższy był protestant, wychowany w kulturze zachodniej, aniżeli Rusin, hołdujący tradycjom bizantyjskim, ale coraz bardziej powiązany z kulturą polską.

Źródło:

Białostockie Teki Historyczne; 2016, 14
1425-1930

Pojawia się w:

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

The 400th anniversary of the death of Stanisław Żółkiewski, Hetman and Great Crown Chancellor, Senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
400. rocznica śmierci Stanisława Żółkiewskiego, hetmana i kanclerza wielkiego koronnego, senatora Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów

Autorzy:

Kaczorowski, Włodzimierz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138544.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-02-23

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Opolski

Tematy:

hetman
kanclerz
senator
sejm
Rzeczpospolita
chancellor
Seym
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

In the period of Nobles’ Democracy, the art of war of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth attained the highest level, making a real phenomenon in the then Europe. It owed its development, among others, to outstanding Hetmans of the Crown and Lithuania, victors in many battles, leaders surrounded by fame and admiration, genuine patriots. In the hall of fame of Grand Hetmans, Field Hetmans and Lithuanian Hetmans, a most prominent place is taken by Stanisław Żółkiewski (1747-1620).On 13 June 2019, Members of Parliament passed an occasional resolution dedicating the year 2020 to Stanisław Żółkiewski. The resolution reads, among others, “Stanisław Żółkiewski always put the good of Poland above his own benefits, stood faithfully on the side of successive kings, also in internal conflicts, despite the critical opinion of Sigismund III’s politics. He advocated religious tolerance and easing conflicts. […] The Seym of the Republic of Poland, upon acknowledging the great contributions of Stanisław Żółkiewski,creator of the victory of Klushino and a conqueror of Moscow, tenacious defender of the Mother Country for which he sacrificed his life, establishes the year 2020, which marks the occasion of the 400th anniversary of his death, the Year of Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski.”
W okresie demokracji szlacheckiej sztuka wojenna Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów osiągnęła najwyższy poziom, stanowiąc prawdziwy fenomen w ówczesnej Europie. Swój rozwój zawdzięczała między innymi wybitnym hetmanom koronnym i litewskim, zwycięzcom wielu bitew, wodzom otoczonym sławą i podziwem, autentycznym patriotom. W poczcie staropolskich hetmanów wielkich i polnych koronnych i litewskich poczesne miejsce zajmuje Stanisław Żółkiewski (1547–1620).Dnia 13 czerwca 2019 r. parlamentarzyści w drodze okolicznościowej uchwały ustanowili rok 2020 Rokiem Hetmana Stanisława Żółkiewskiego. W uchwale czytamy między innymi: „Stanisław Żółkiewski zawsze przedkładał dobro Polski ponad własne korzyści, stał wiernie po stronie kolejnych królów, także w wewnętrznych sporach, mimo krytycznego zdania o polityce Zygmunta III. Opowiadał się za tolerancją religijną i łagodzeniem konfliktów. […] Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, uznając wielkie zasługi Stanisława Żółkiewskiego, twórcy wiktorii kłuszyńskiej i zdobywcy Moskwy, wytrwałego obrońcy Ojczyzny, za którą oddał swoje życie, ustanawia rok 2020 w 400-lecie Jego śmierci Rokiem Hetmana Stanisława Żółkiewskiego”.

Źródło:

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2020, 18, 4; 153-164
2658-1922

Pojawia się w:

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

Piotr Mieszkowski o Senacie Rzeczpospolitej. Kilka uwag na temat XVII-wiecznego polskiego republikanizmu
Piotr Mieszkowski on the Senate of the Commonwealth. Some Remarks on the 17th Century Polish Republicanism

Autorzy:

Tulejski, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129862.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-10-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Senate
Piotr Mieszkowski
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
senat
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów

Opis:

Piotr Mieszkowski is one of the forgotten republican writers of 17th century Poland. His reflections on the political system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are the culmination of the debates that took place in the 16th century. In his treatise Polonus Iure Politus, Mieszkowski presents a mature perspective on the proper system of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which merges the Roman republican tradition and the achievements of Polish political philosophy of the Renaissance, its golden age. According to Mieszkowski, the Senate of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is of particular importance. The author of the article proves that Mieszkowski is one of the representatives of a group of constitutionalists of 17th century Commonwealth who considered the senate the crucial element of the political system, ensuring its durability and stability. The necessary condition for fulfilling this role, however, is the cultivation of republican virtues.
Piotr Mieszkowski jest jednym z zapomnianych dzisiaj polskich pisarzy republikańskich XVII wieku. Jego rozważania nad ustrojem Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów są zwieńczeniem debat, które toczyły się w wieku XVI. W traktacie Polonus Iure Politus Mieszkowski przedstawia dojrzałe spojrzenie na zagadnienie właściwego ustroju państwa polsko-litewskiego. Zdaniem autora jego koncepcja ustrojowa jest połączeniem rzymskiej tradycji republikańskiej oraz dorobku polskiej renesansowej filozofii politycznej okresu złotego wieku. Szczególne znaczenie ma dla niego rola senatu Rzeczpospolitej. Autor artykułu dowodzi, że Mieszkowski jest jednym z przedstawicieli grupy konstytucjonalistów, którzy uważali senat, za newralgiczny element ustroju państwa zapewniający mu trwałość i stabilność. Warunkiem koniecznym realizacji tej roli jest jednak kultywowanie cnót republikańskich.

Źródło:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 5(69); 167-180
2082-1212

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:

Bitwa pod Kowalewem (5 X 1716) – geneza, przebieg, konsekwencje
Battle of Kowalewo (5 October 1716) – Origin, Course, Consequences

Autorzy:

Ciesielski, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1157713.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-09-30

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
the Tarnogród Confederation
Saxon army
Polish-Lithuanian army
battle of Kowalewo

Opis:

The article, which refers to the research on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s military history in the 18th century and the crisis of Old Polish war art, presents the genesis, course and effects of the battle of Kowalewo of 5 October 1716. Epistolographic material, press and chronicle accounts along with plans of two battles constitute the source base. These primary sources were given a critical analysis, the acquired information being collated and verified in order to obtain a reasonably precise picture of the causes, course and consequences of the battle. The armed forces participating in the battle consisted of the military forces of the Tarnogród Confederation and the royal corps formed from Saxon and Polish regiments and banners, which made the battle fratricidal. About 9–10 thousand soldiers with 6 cannons fought on the side of the Confederation, whilst the royal army had 6,000–6,500 royal soldiers with 4–7 cannons. The confederates had numerical superiority, which was compensated by the advantage in artillery, firearms and better training of royal soldiers. It turned out that these factors were decisive, because the Confederate forces suffered a devastating defeat. After the battle, the group of Chrysostom Gniazdowski actually ceased to exist, and the second military unit commanded by Stefan Potocki withdrew to Mazovia. At least 1,500 or even over 2,000 confederates were killed or wounded in the battle. Another 610 were captured. The royal army also won six cannons and many military characters. The royal forces paid for their success with minor losses – probably only 132 killed and wounded soldiers. Although this battle should not have taken place due to the current ceasefire, its military and political effects were significant. As a result of the battle, the royal army regained full control over Kuyavia and Pomerania, securing the facilities of the troops protecting Warsaw. With the beginning of the Russian armed intervention, this led to the weakening of the confederates’ position in the ongoing peace negotiations, and, as a consequence, to the conclusion of a compromise agreement on 3 November 1716, which did not meet many of the demands of the Warsaw treaty.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 3; 31-56
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:

Public Resistance in the National Liberation Movement of Poles in Right-Bank Ukraine in the First Half of the 1860s (From the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

Autorzy:

Ivanenko, Oksana

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1978011.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-11-01

Wydawca:

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Institute of History of Ukraine

Tematy:

Polish national-liberation movement
Right-Bank Ukraine
Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russian Empire

Opis:

The article covers important manifestations and specifics of the protest culture of the Polish community within the South-Western region of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 1860s on the basis of analysis and synthesis of information from the documents of "Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General" (f.442) and "Office of the trustee of the Kiev school district" (f.707) of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). Defending one's own cultural identity as a driver of national development is connected with the awareness of the political interests and goals of the liberation struggle of Poles. The unique influence of the Polish question on historical processes, the configuration of international relations in Europe during the "long 19th century" determines the relevance and scientific significance of the study and thinking of the history of Polish national and cultural movement. Comprehensive study of the Polish question in the European history of the 19th century is an important part of the scientific perception of interethnic contradictions and antagonisms in the Russian Empire and the reaction of European diplomacy and public opinion, a deeper understanding of the essence of Russian-Polish cultural and civilizational confrontation and its impact on Ukrainian national life. Following the three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793, 1795) most of the territories of this formerly powerful European state were incorporated into the Russian Empire, there was a fierce struggle for cultural and ideological dominance in the region. The Polish national liberation movement of the 1860s, which culminated in the January Uprising of 1863-1864, developed against a background of broad social and cultural resistance to Russian autocracy, manifested in such protest actions as mourning and serving panikhads for dead Poles, singing patriotic Polish songs and hymns, public wearing of national costumes, participation in anti-government manifestations and demonstrations, refusal to read prayers for the emperor in churches, and so on. Clergy and educators, as well as students and pupils, were the driving force behind this protest movement, which had an international resonance.

Źródło:

The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings; 2021, 30; 389-404
2411-345X
2415-7198

Pojawia się w:

The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:

The Winding Paths of Russian Imperial Politics: On Die Geburt des russländischen Imperiums: Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert by Ricarda Vulpius

Autorzy:

Kosińska, Urszula

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050978.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-01-02

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Russia
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
eighteenth century history
governing strategies
Russian imperialism

Opis:

The article discusses the book Die Geburt des russländischen Imperiums by Ricarda Vulpius, a publication that tracks the emergence of the conceptual background for governing the growing Russian Empire in the eighteenth century, when territorial gains rendered the country increasingly multinational, multi-faith and multicultural. In this paper, the book was treated as an inspiration for examining the relationship between the practices employed by Russia on newly acquired territories in the east and south of Asia, described by Vulpius in the book, and the Russian Empire’s policy towards Poland.

Źródło:

Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2022, 128, 2; 223-240
0023-5903

Pojawia się w:

Kwartalnik Historyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:

Postulaty religijne w wystąpieniach kozackich pierwszej połowy XVII wieku
The Religious Aspects of the Cossacks’ Uprisings in the First Half of 17th Century

Autorzy:

Drozdowski, Mariusz Robert

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951733.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

the Cossacks
religion
the Orthodox Church
uprising
rebellion
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

This paper focuses mostly on the religious aspects of the Cossacks’ uprisings in the first half of 17th century (mainly the 1625, 1630, 1637 and 1638 uprisings), and discusses their impact on the origins, the course and following peace negotiations as well. The paper is based mostly on Cossack primary sources like manifestos, proclamations issued by the leaders, together with the directions which were to be followed during the peace talks, and the not Cossack sources as well. They prove how the religious aspects, namely the appeals to defend the persecuted orthodox confession, contributed to the character of the developments. Another question was, to what extent the religious engagement of the Cossacks uprisings at that time was caused by a sincere concern for the Orthodox Church situation, or perhaps there were other reasons, not having much in common with the faith. The analysis discusses also the Cossack delegates’ actions and policy on the Commonwealth Sejm in the years 1631–33, during which they firmly demanded restoration of the status the Orthodox Church had before 1596.

Źródło:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2016, 10; 85-98
2084-3011

Pojawia się w:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:

Образы православных и католиков в историческом романе Bс. С. Соловьёва «Княжна Острожская»
The images of the Orthodox and the Catholics in the historical novel “The Princess of Ostrog” by Vs. S. Solovyov

Autorzy:

Karpina, Elena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374204.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

Tematy:

Christianity
Orthodoxy
Catholicism
confession
tendentiousness
historical novel
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

The article is dedicated to the study of the religious problems of Vs. S. Solovyov’s historical novel “The Princess of Ostrog”, the central plot conflict of which is an open struggle between the Orthodoxy and the Catholicism that broke out in the 16th century in The Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the process of analysing the designated aspect of the text the author comes to the conclusion that the images of Konstantin, Halshka and Beata Ostrozhsky considered in the paper are a clear embodiment of the three possible life aspirations of the people who lived in the era recreated by the author: the struggle for the Orthodoxy in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; asserting one’s right to profess the Orthodoxy; propaganda of the Catholicism.

Źródło:

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski; 2020, XI, 2; 193-203
2081-1128

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:

Źródła do dziejów Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w okresie rządów Wazów i „królów rodaków” w Archiwum Książąt Kurlandzkich w Łotewskim Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym w Rydze
Sources to the history of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of the Vasas and "compatriots kings" in the archives of dukes of Courland at the holdings of the Latvian State Historical Archives in Riga

Autorzy:

Nagielski, Mirosław
Bobiatyński, Konrad

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1064677.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita
Wazowie
Kurlandia
Ryga
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
the Vasas
Courland
Riga

Opis:

The article discusses the holdings of the princes of Courland Archives , which is stored - as fond 554 - at the Latvian State Historical Archives (Latvijas Valsts vestures arhivs) in Riga. So far, the Polish historians have used these records to a small extent., although this archive contains many valuable materials for the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century. The most valuable Polonica include a vast collection of correspondence between the princes of the Kettlers Family and the Polish kings of the Vasa dynasty as well as with the leading representatives of the Polish and Lithuanian magnates. This collection includes some interesting source material for the history of the military conflict with Sweden, as of the campaign of 1621, until the end of the Second Northern War in 1660. Great value have also diplomatic records, mostly reports submitted by the representatives of the Kettlers at the royal court (especially of Jan III Sobieski), as well as documents showing the policy of the princes of Courland towards its neighbors (Poland, Moscow, Sweden, Brandenburg), and their attempts to appear neutral and independent in times of great conflict taking place in the 17thc. in this part of Europe.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica; 2013, 20; 113-126
0860-1054

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

„Wychowawca! O jakaż wzniosła musi to być dusza!” Prywatne guwernantki dziewcząt w czasach stanisławowskich
“A tutor! What a noble soul!” Private girls’ governesses during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski

Autorzy:

Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Ewa
Janicka, Jowita

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957636.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

age of Enlightenment
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
education of girls
governess
foreign languages

Opis:

In Stanislaw August Poniatowski’s time, the upbringing and education of wealthy noblewomen were commonly entrusted to foreign governesses. There was a strong conviction in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that command of foreign languages was the foundation of proper and careful upbringing of young women. Many parents were not discerning clients when it came to selecting a governess. Oftentimes, foreign origin sufficed. As a result of attaching so much importance to command of foreign languages accompanied by acquiring foreign manners, costumes and customs, young Polish women grew indifferent to their mother tongue, native culture and traditions. There was also a lack of sense of responsibility for the country’s future.

Źródło:

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2018, 39; 19-34
1233-2224

Pojawia się w:

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

A Polish Sattelzeit? New Concepts in the Political Language at the Twilight of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Autorzy:

Grześkowiak-Krwawicz, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131468.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-01-19

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
eighteenth century
political discourse
history of ideas
conceptual history

Opis:

The political discourse in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth changed deeply in the second half of the eighteenth century. New concepts, terms and notions were integrated into it, some of them drawn from the vocabularies of Western philosophers. The article tries to answer the question what these concepts or notions were, and how their adaptation informed the language itself and the descriptions of the political world and political-system projects formulated in it. Based on the analysis of theoretical treatises as well as writings produced as part of current political debate of the years 1764–92, the author seeks to demonstrate the ways in which the political disputants of King Stanislaus Augustus’s time endeavoured to face the state’s crisis through introducing new words and ideas, and in which the language was adapting to the challenges of the changing socio-political situation. She argues that the concepts which appeared in the last quarter of the century in the Polish political language were fundamental to the description and view of the world – to the extent that a breakthrough in Polish discussion on society and state is identifiable along these lines.

Źródło:

Acta Poloniae Historica; 2021, 122; 31-50
0001-6829

Pojawia się w:

Acta Poloniae Historica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

Pieśń o chwale Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Uwagi o tradycji genologicznej Proporca albo Hołdu pruskiego Jana Kochanowskiego

Autorzy:

Banaś-Korniak, Teresa

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031012.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-12-16

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Jan Kochanowski
Proporzec albo Hołd pruski
unia polsko-litewska

Opis:

The aim of the paper is to show that Jan Kochanowski’s Proporzec albo Hołd Pruski, a work of literature considered for a long time to be poor in artistic terms, refers to the convention of a triumphant song of victory, namely the epinikion. It is a literary form with ancient roots. The poet of Czarnolas, in his original way, combined the convention of epinikion with verse-driven canvassing speech (on the border between genus deliberativum and genus demonstrativum), using a number of arguments in favour of implementing the resolutions of the Sejm (Parliament Assembly) of Lublin of 1569. The work consistently develops one thread – the struggle with the Teutonic Knights, which is connected with the selective presentation of the historical images of the Polish rulers’ military campaigns for Pomerania and Duchy of Prussia. The consistency of the presented historical descriptions with the ideological content, expressive “speech decorations” and faithfulness to the conventions of the sixteenth-century political poetry make the literary artistry of Proporzec… impressive and standing out with its artistry against the background of occasional Old Polish poems.

Źródło:

Tematy i Konteksty; 2019, 14, 9; 170-184
2299-8365

Pojawia się w:

Tematy i Konteksty

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

Civic education of women in the literary works of Klementyna Hoffman née Tańska - on the example of selected literary works

Autorzy:

Kossowska, Katarzyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050932.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum

Tematy:

Enlightenment
novel
women’s education
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Commission of National Education

Opis:

One of the main features of 18th-century Polish literature was its didactic coverage. It was related to the great civilization, moral and cultural changes that took place in the 18th century, the contem- porary situation of Polish education and – at the end of the century – the partitions of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth. A novel by Klementyna Hoffmanowa née Tańska Listy Elżbiety Rzeczyckiej do przyjaciółki swojej Urszuli***, Dziennik Franciszki Krasińskiej w ostatnich latach panowania Augusta III pisany and Pamiątka po dobrej matce..., achieve the didactic goals set by the author.

Źródło:

Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2021, 1(40); 93-99
1898-8431

Pojawia się w:

Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

Obraz społeczeństwa stanowego i charakterologii narodowej Polaków w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Komentarz do Genealogii teraźniejszości Aleksandra Świętochowskiego

Autorzy:

Rzymkowska, Ewa

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157542.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum

Tematy:

state society
national characterology
Aleksander Świętochowski
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth society system

Opis:

This paper presents the views of the creator of Warsaw positivism – Aleksander Świętochowski on functioning of the state society and Polish national character in former Rzeczpospolita, included in his work Genealogy of the present, which was published for the first time in fragments in 1935. The intention of the author is to present the most interesting elements of historical conception of Świętochowski. However, all considerations are reduced to a few important aspects: presentation of character of particular social groups and typical national characteristics of Poles. As a backdrop for these researches, the author presents of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth political system.

Źródło:

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2014, 3(15); 85-92
1898-0171

Pojawia się w:

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

Utwory południowosłowiańskie w cerkiewnosłowiańskim piśmiennictwie w Rzeczypospolitej

Autorzy:

Naumow, Aleksander

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2167221.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Akademia Supraska

Tematy:

piśmiennictwo cerkiewnosłowiańskie
tradycja bałkańska
Rzeczpospolita
Cyrilic Literature
Balkans Tradition
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

Although the orthodoxy in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth belonged to the circle of Russian Christianity, one must be aware that there are three liturgical traditions within this group: Polish-Lithuanian (i.e. Ukrainian - Belarusian), Muscovite (i.e. Russian), and Greek-catholic (Uniate). In Church Slavonic and Old Russian writing in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth one can also notice some elements coming from Balkans, Mount Athos, Constantinople and Moldavian principalities. In the manuscripts coming from the territory of the Commonwealth, including the ones kept at present in Polish libraries and museums, there are many works linked with the ancient literature of Balkan Slavs. Most of them belong to the common heritage of all the Slav lands and do not indicate any local specificity. Still there are few significant works that can be divided into three categories: 1) works linked with the oldest period of Old Slavonic writing, mostly also connected with the tradition of Cyril and Methodius; 2) texts – significant for their new interpretation, for playing new roles – demonstrating the permeating of Balkan works into our writing, linked with particular historical events, which were considered relevant for the Commonwealth; 3) texts connected with St Parascheva-Petka.

Źródło:

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2011, Kościół prawosławny na Bałkanach i w Polsce – wzajemne relacje oraz wspólna tradycja, 2; 27-34
2082-9299

Pojawia się w:

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

Беларускi сенатар Польшчы Вячаслаў Багдановiч
Vyacheslav Bogdanovich Belarusian senator in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Autorzy:

Łabyncew, Jurij
Szczawinskaja, Łarysa

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131031.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

Belarusian national movement
Belarusian literature
Orthodoxy
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Vyacheslav Bogdanovich

Opis:

The article discusses life and work of Vyacheslav Bogdanovich (1878–1939/1940?), an outstanding figure of Belarusian national movement, a senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The son of a Belarusian Orthodox priest, he became one of the most recognized intellectual leaders of his nation, a talented writer, a skilled polemicist and a politician. V. Bogdanovich is the author of many different works. Special attention is paid to his articles devoted to the poetry of Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas as well as hagiographic studies related to the mission of the Orthodox patrons of Belarus – Anthony, John and Eustafij. The problem of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Poland, which became disastrous for V. Bogdanovich, affected all aspects of his multilateral activities. It also had a direct impact on his description of such topics as “Belarusian spiritual heritage”, “languages of the Orthodox Church”, “the people and the intelligentsia”, “the church and the state”. The last days of V. Bogdanovich’s life were tragic. He was released from Polish detention in September 1939, less than a month later he was arrested in Vilnus by the NKVD and went missing.

Źródło:

Białorutenistyka Białostocka; 2021; 281-312
2081-2515

Pojawia się w:

Białorutenistyka Białostocka

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

Polsko-niemieckie pogranicze kulturowe na przykładzie kontaktów szlachty wielkopolskiej, śląskiej i brandenburskiej w XVI–XVIII wieku
The Polish-German cultural borderland as illustrated by Great Poland (Wielkopolska), Silesian and Branderburg nobility in 16th to 18th centuries

Autorzy:

Klint, Paweł

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965564.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Great Poland
nobility
borderland
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Wielkopolska
szlachta
pogranicze

Opis:

The article presents the tradition of cultural exchange in the Polish-Silesian-Brandenburgian borderland in the 16th to 18th century on the example of the relationship of the nobility living in each of these regions. During the three centuries before the partitions, there was a process merging the Polish- and German-speaking nobility in the borderlands. Family ties and financial relations strengthened the bonds between the gentry from different countries. In addition, in the 16th and first half of the 17th century noble families from Silesia or Branderburg were settling within Poland. Some of these families were polonised, while others remained part of the German language and culture. Reformation was another element bonding the nobility from these regions – many Polish noble families from the Greater Poland borderland adopted reformed faith and came in close relations with the Protestants of Silesia and Brandenburg. With such tight relationships, there was a need for knowledge of the German language among Polish nobility, as well as the need to learn Polish among Silesians and Branderburgians. But the knowledge of language was not the only element shaping the borderland culture – the elements of Polish and German culture were also merging. All this led to the emergence of a community in the noble society (at least in the western Great Poland (Wielkopolska). Borderland became the place with much stronger neighbourhood, family and material ties, as well as much greater shared interests and local identity than in other regions.
W artykule przedstawiono tradycję wymiany kulturowej na pograniczu polsko-śląsko-brandenburskim w XVI–XVIII w. na przykładzie relacji szlachty zamieszkującej w każdym z tych regionów. Zaprezentowano kontakty rodzinne i majątkowe szlachty polsko- i niemieckojęzycznej, ze specjalnym naciskiem na polonizację rodzin szlacheckich, które przybywały do Wielkopolski z południa lub zachodu i osiedlały się tam na stałe. Analiza kwestii etnicznych na pograniczu służy głównie rozpatrywaniu tworzenia się specyficznej wspólnoty szlacheckiej na kresach Wielkopolski i polsko-niemieckiej wymiany kulturowej.

Źródło:

Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2013, 2; 165-180
2300-0562
2450-0127

Pojawia się w:

Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

The Inventory of Manuscripts from the Załuski Library in the Imperial Public Library • Инвентар рўкописей Библиотеки Залуских в Императорской Публичной библиотеке • Inwentarz rękopisów Biblioteki Załuskich w Cesarskiej Bibliotece Publicznej, oprac. Olga N. Bleskina i Natalia A. Elagina (współpraca Krzysztof Kossarzecki i Sławomir Szyller), Biblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa 2013, ss. 612 + 16 ss. ilustr. barwnych.

Autorzy:

Prokop, Krzysztof R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1019770.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016-12-20

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
dokumenty
historia
źródło
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
documents
history
source

Opis:

Pełny tytuł: [Recenzja]: The Inventory of Manuscripts from the Załuski Library in the Imperial Public Library • Инвентар рўкописей Библиотеки Залуских в Императорской Публичной библиотеке • Inwentarz rękopisów Biblioteki Załuskich w Cesarskiej Bibliotece Publicznej, oprac. Olga N. Bleskina i Natalia A. Elagina (współpraca Krzysztof Kossarzecki i Sławomir Szyller), Biblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa 2013, ss. 612 + 16 ss. ilustr. barwnych
Full title: [Recenzja]: The Inventory of Manuscripts from the Załuski Library in the Imperial Public Library • Инвентар рўкописей Библиотеки Залуских в Императорской Публичной библиотеке • Inwentarz rękopisów Biblioteki Załuskich w Cesarskiej Bibliotece Publicznej, oprac. Olga N. Bleskina i Natalia A. Elagina (współpraca Krzysztof Kossarzecki i Sławomir Szyller), Biblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa 2013, ss. 612 + 16 ss. ilustr. barwnych

Źródło:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2016, 106; 415-425
0518-3766
2545-3491

Pojawia się w:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

Melecjusz Smotrycki kontra król Zygmunt III w sprawie wyświęcenia prawosławnych władyków przez patriarchę Teofana III (publikacja nieznanych źródeł)
Meletius Smotryckyj vs. King Sigismund III on the Ordination of the Orthodox Bishops by Patriarch Theophanes III (publication of unknown sources)

Autorzy:

Kempa, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171281.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Akademia Supraska

Tematy:

Meletius Smotryckyj
king Sigismund III
patriarch Theophan
bishop
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Orthodox Church

Opis:

The article shows and discusses unknown sources – epistolary answers of Meletius Smotryckyj to the accusation on the hand of the King Sigismund III and his collaborators in conjunction with ordination of new Orthodox high hierarchy in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Jerusalem patriarch Theophan, who stayed in the Ruthenian part of the Commonwealth in 1620–1621. Smotryckyj was nominated by him to the Archbishopric of Połock then. All those nominations of the Orthodox bishops were made without the consent of th Polish King, who was entitled to the giving of the higher dignities in the Orthodox Church in the Commonwealth. Smotrycki, in the letters published here, tries to defend Theophan’s decision, thus also defending the rights of the Orthodox population in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, who – as a result of the policy of King Sigismund III and the actions of the Catholic Church – was forced to fight for restoring legal status of the Orthodox Church after the Union of Brest (1595/1596). The Smotryckyj’s responses published here are the oldest known epistolary works of this famous writer and hierarch. The arguments used in them were reflected in the well-known polemical works of Smotryckyj published in 1621–1622.

Źródło:

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2019, Вѣнецъ хваленїѧ. Studia ofiarowane profesorowi Aleksandrowi Naumowowi na jubileusz 70-lecia, 10; 25-40
2082-9299

Pojawia się w:

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

L’arginamento dell’eterodossia riformata nel Granducato di Lituania e in Polonia: il trattato Orthodoxa fidei confessio di Mikołaj Pac
Preventing the Reformation heterodoxy in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland: Orthodoxa fidei confessio by Nicolaus Pac

Autorzy:

Pociūtė, Dainora

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409321.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)

Tematy:

Reformation
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Confession of Faith
Anti-Trinitarian Movement
Nicolaus (Mikołaj) Pac

Opis:

The paper focuses on the process of consolidating different Christian forces fighting the rise of the anti-trinitarian movement in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland in the mid-sixteenth century, right after the death of Duke Mikołaj Radziwiłł (Radvilas) the Black, the leader of the Reformation. One of the first attempts to oppose and officially condemn anti-trinitarian ideas, which began to spread after the fragmentation and schism of the Polish and Lithuanian Reformed Churches in 1563, was the Orthodoxa fidei confessio (Königsberg, 1566) written by Nicolaus (Mikołaj) Pac, Bishop of Kiev. Notwithstanding the fact that his confession revealed his Protestant identity, Pac managed to retain his position as a Catholic bishop (not ordained by the Pope) for about 27 years, i.e. almost until his death in 1584. The paper describes the religious context of the publication that defended traditional Trinitology as well as its confessional details, which were closer to Lutheranism than to the Reformed faith.

Źródło:

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2017, 8; 5-21
2384-9266

Pojawia się w:

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Polsko-litewskie dziedzictwo kulturowe – różnice w świadomości społecznej. Perspektywy zbliżenia dzięki wspólnym bohaterom narodowym na przykładzie Michała Kleofasa Ogińskiego
Polish-Lithuanian Cultural Heritage – Differences in Social Awareness. Perspectives of Rapprochement by Common National Heroes – a Case Study of Michał Kleofas Ogiński

Autorzy:

Gumper, Małgorzata

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15824427.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-03-15

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

Michał Kleofas Ogiński
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian heritage
cultural binder
cultural rehabilitation
hero
national identity

Opis:

The uncomfortable situation of Poles in Lithuania is, among other things, the effect of Lithuanian historical education. Excerpts from the textbook on the history of Lithuania show diametrical differences in contemporary ideas about the past of both nations. Shared heroes are useful to overcome prejudices of the previous century (which affect the image of 1385-1795). One of them is Michał Kleofas Ogiński, Lithuanian nobleman, a political activist during the last years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and two decades after its collapse. He has the rank of a great national hero in Lithuania and Belarus but is valued in Poland above all because of his piano compositions. The analysis of fragments of his work Memoirs about Poland and Poles helps us to regard a representative of the noble nation from a different perspective. It makes us aware of the cohesion of Polish and Lithuanian national identity at the turn of the 19th century, helps us to appreciate the heritage of the past and offers a chance to build positive relations between us. Rectifying a distorted vision of history is a prospect for a mature partnership now and in the future.

Źródło:

Studia Edukacyjne; 2021, 60; 231-261
1233-6688

Pojawia się w:

Studia Edukacyjne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

Primate Mikołaj Prażmowski and the Unwelcome Papal Legation in Poland-Lithuania (1668–69)

Autorzy:

Gregorowicz, Dorota

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/695697.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Mikołaj Prażmowski
papal legation
seventeenth century
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Catholic Church
Clement IX

Opis:

The article presents the reasons for refusing to receive the papal legation of Pope Clement IX in the matter of John Casimir Vasa’s abdication (1668) and, especially, the subsequent royal election (1669), by the Catholic Primate of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Mikołaj Prażmowski. Prażmowski’s refusal to receive the legation has been overlooked in the literature on the subject so far. The author, on the basis of the diplomatic dispatches of the apostolic nuncios and on their instructions, will analyse the problematic relations of Prażmowski with papal diplomats, and explain why the papal legation ended in fiasco. The researcher concludes that the fiasco of papal legation was another clear indication of the Papacy’s lack of sufficient leverage in the post-Westphalian world, as it was fundamentally weakened by the deep divisions between the Catholic powers of France and the Habsburgs, which Westphalia had signally failed to resolve. Nowhere was this more apparent than in Poland-Lithuania, where the battle between Catholic supporters of the Habsburgs and France over the succession had profoundly divided the republic.

Źródło:

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2018, 2
2545-1685
2545-1693

Pojawia się w:

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

Did Two Zlatousts from the Collection of the Princes Chartoryski Library in Cracow Once Belong to Fr Iwan Wiszeński?
Czy dwa Złatousty ze zbiorów Biblioteki xx. Czartoryskich w Krakowie należały niegdyś do o. Iwana Wiszeńskiego?

Autorzy:

Stradomski, Jan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635910.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

Byzantino-Slavonic literature
Cyrillic manuscripts
Balkan region
The Polish--Lithuanian Commonwealth
Iwan Wiszeński

Opis:

In the collection of manuscripts of the Princes Chartoryski Library in Cracow, there are two manuscripts (from the beginning of the 17th century) which are related, in academic literature, with the person of Orthodox monk, Iwan Wiszeński. The volumes, described in catalogues as Zlatousts, were to be brought by him directly from the Mt Athos. Codicological and textual analysis of the manuscripts shows that the tomes are not the Zlatousts, but two volumes (Lent and Paschal period) from an extensive collection of Byzantine and Slavic panegyrical works, known as Studios Monastery Homiliarium. Characteristic features of both the books show that the manuscripts were written on the area of the former Polish Republic (The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), thus they may only be copies of the originals brought from the Balkan region (not necessarily the Mt Athos). It is possible that Iwan Wiszeński was engaged personally in the delivery of manuscripts of this type, unpopular in Orthodox literature in the Ruthenian territory, but not of these particular ones.

Źródło:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2018, 14
2084-3011

Pojawia się w:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Cyrylickie ewangelie z XVI i XVII wieku ze zbiorów Biblioteki Kórnickiej
Cyrillic Gospels from the 16th and 17th centuries from the collections of the Kórnik Library

Autorzy:

Kuczyńska, Marzanna
Ivanova, Maya

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084898.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Biblioteka Kórnicka PAN

Tematy:

Cyrillic Gospel
Cyrillic manuscript
Kórnik Library
Orthodox Church
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
spiritual revival

Opis:

The article describes two Cyrillic Gospels from the Kórnik Library: BK 11985 and BK 896. It presents the cultural context of their creation, as well as their history, content, illuminations and a short lexical description. Both codices were the result of a cultural and spiritual revival in the Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Both of them were luxury, professionally made goods; their copyists were experienced specialists. BK 896 represents a higher level of artistry. In view of their lexical characteristics, the manuscripts can be classified as the third so-called Mount Athos-Tyrnovo linguistic redaction of the Gospel.

Źródło:

Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej; 2020, 37; 37-52
0551-3790

Pojawia się w:

Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

Der russische General und Gesandte Otto Heinrich von Igelström, die preußische Besetzung polnischen Gebiets und der Beginn des Kościuszko-Aufstands (1793–1794)
Russian General and Ambassador Otto Heinrich von Igelström in View of the Prussian Annexation of Polish Territories and the Outbreak of the Kościuszko Uprising, 1793–1794

Autorzy:

Anipiarkou, Vadzim V.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388141.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-12-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Otton Heinrich Igelström
Russian-Prussian diplomatic relations
Second Partition
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian military
Kościuszko Uprising

Opis:

The Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was presented by the Russian Empress Catherine II as an involuntary concession to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II and proof of her pursuit of a lasting alliance with the Kingdom of Prussia. The falsehood of these claims, which also appear in historical scholarly publications, is exposed by the correspondence of Otto Igelström, the last Russian ambassador and, at the same time, chief commander of the Russian army in the pre-partition Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This source material, previously unknown, was collected in Moscow at the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the Russian State Archives of Ancient Documents and is the key to understanding relations between the neighbouring states that partitioned the Commonwealth. Igelström’s correspondence, in passages revealing both his own military projects and orders received from St Petersburg, demonstrates that Russia, contrary to its diplomatic rhetoric, saw the Second Partition as a step on the road to the expected armed conflict with Prussia. The Russians wanted to make the remaining territory of the Commonwealth, treated as a buffer zone, the theatre of this war. Since Prussia was regarded as a military rival, the partition was carried out so that the Russian Empire, rather than the Kingdom of Prussia, would be more prepared in case of a prospective war between the two countries. Igelström’s main objective was the immediate transfer of the majority of Polish-Lithuanian soldiers under the Russian command. These plans also demonstrate the Russian authorities’ disregard for the political costs of achieving their military objectives, including the threat of an outbreak of uprising in Poland.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 4; 39-65
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

Porozumienie cara Fiodora Aleksandrowicza z królem polskim Janem III Sobieskim o pokoju na 15 lat z 1678 roku – dokument petersburski
Agreement of 1678 of the Tsar Fedor Alexandrovich and the Polish King Jan Iii Sobieski on Peace for 15 Years of the Year 1678 – Petersburg Document

Autorzy:

Franz, Maciej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418689.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych

Tematy:

Polish – Moscow relations in the 17th century
truce
source
Polish – Lithuanian commonwealth
Moscow State

Opis:

As a result of the “Pereyaslav Council” in 1654, the Polish – Moscow war broke out. The war lasted until 1667, till signing the truce in Andrusowo. For both sides the document was not satisfying and as a result it was meant to last shortly. A political situation, wars of Poland and Moscow with various neighbors forced both sides to prolong the truce. In 1678, another treaty which prolonged it for another 13 years was signed in Moscow. In Poland the negotiations were considered as controversial and their result as unsatisfying. However, contemporary the treaty is little known. The text presented below is to remind of circumstances of those events and to make the unknown and unused in Polish historiography version of the document kept in archives of the Institute of History in Russian Academy of Sciences in Sankt Petersburg public.

Źródło:

Colloquium; 2014, 6, 2; 23-42
2081-3813
2658-0365

Pojawia się w:

Colloquium

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

Ukraine 2014 – the End of the Second European Belle Époque

Autorzy:

Żurawski vel Grajewski, Przemysław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648392.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

Ukraine
Russia
Polska
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Yanukovych
Maidan revolution
European Union
NATO
appeasement
war

Opis:

This article is devoted to the roots of the developments that have taken place in Ukraine since Autumn 2013 and up to the Russian invasion. It stresses the historical differences between Ukraine and Russia, presents the international milieu of Ukrainian independence in the years 1991–2013, and ends with a description of the nature of the Maidan revolution and the pan-European challenge created by the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The main thesis is that the struggle for Ukraine ends the post-Cold War epoch marked with an illusion of eternal peace in Europe and with the groundless hope for Russian imperialism to expire.

Źródło:

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2016, 18, 2
1641-4233
2300-8695

Pojawia się w:

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Henryk Rzewuski and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Law

Autorzy:

Zakrzewski, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618627.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej

Tematy:

Henryk Rzewuski
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s law
historical tale
prawo dawnej Rzeczypospolitej
gawęda szlachecka

Opis:

Henryk Rzewuski’s (1791–1866) works cannot be a source of knowledge about Polish-LithuanianCommonwealth’s legal history. The pieces of information given by him have been at times one-sided and deceptive. Nevertheless, they may – if used with a critical approach – provide details on the old jurisprudence in the 19th century and on the praxis of applying the old law under Russian rule. They also can be a research base on the author’s views on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s legal and political system, as well as their portrayal in the 19th-century gawęda szlachecka (literary genre associated primarily with noble storytelling, specific to Polish literature of that time). It is also worth continuing the search for – mentioned in Rzewuski’s manuscript – the two-volume Remarks on the Lithuanian Statute written by his father, Adam Wawrzyniec Rzewuski and allegedly published in1782, in Nieśwież. Although there is no certainty whether this work ever existed, it is worth searching for it.
Prace Henryka Rzewuskiego (1791–1866) nie mogą być źródłem poznania dawnego prawa Rzeczypospolitej. Podane przezeń informacje były niekiedy jednostronne, niekiedy zaś dość bałamutne. Mogą jednak – przy krytycznym podejściu – dostarczać danych na temat znajomości prawa dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w XIX stuleciu i praktyce stosowania dawnego prawa pod rządami rosyjskimi. Mogą też być podstawą badań poglądów ich autora na prawo i ustrój Rzeczypospolitej, jak również obrazu tego prawa w dziewiętnastowiecznej gawędzie szlacheckiej. Warto też kontynuować poszukiwania – wskazanej w rękopisie Henryka Rzewuskiego – wydanej ponoć w 1782 r. w Nieświeżu dwutomowej pracy autorstwa jego ojca – Adama Wawrzyńca Rzewuskiego pt. Uwagi nad Statutem litewskim. Nie ma pewności, czy dzieło to w ogóle powstało, lecz poszukiwać warto.

Źródło:

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2016, 25, 3
1731-6375

Pojawia się w:

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

“Verily, This Is the Sheepfold of that Good Shepherd”: The Idea of the “True” Church in Sixteenth-Century Polish Catechisms

Autorzy:

Kowalski, Waldemar

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953881.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Church
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
catechism
religious education
Renaissance
Council of Trent
reform at Trent

Opis:

The article discusses how the authors of sixteenth-century Polish Catholic and Evangelical catechisms perceived and analysed the notion of “the Church”. Following the Tridentine programme, the Catholic authors present their Church as unified under the Pope’s authority and the only inheritor of the works of the Apostles. The veracity of its teaching is testified to with God’s unnatural interventions – miracles. Protestant theologians teach about “the visible and outward Church”, which exists whenever the pure Word of God is preached and where sacraments are administered in accordance with the Holy Writ. Alongside the Visible Church, there exists “the invisible and inward Church” that unites all those following Christ, who is the one and only head of the Church.

Źródło:

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2016, 60
0029-8514

Pojawia się w:

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Funkcja marszałka sejmikowego w II połowie XVII w.
The function of the Seymik Marshall in the mid-17th century

Autorzy:

Stolicki, Jarosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/926176.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Tematy:

local representative assembly, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, nobility, marshal of representative assembly, Podole, Volhynian Voivodeship

Opis:

The paper discusses the function of the Seymik Marshall (which was equivalent to the English Speaker) under the reigns of Kings Michał Korybut and Jan III. The author based his analysis on the examples of assemblies convened to debate at Volhynia. The function of tha Marshall of the Seymik came to being after 1572. The significance of this function grew in the course of time but in the discussed period there was no enlargement of the Marshall’s competence despite the phenomenon of “limita” which appeared at that time. In these Seymik sources in which we find more detailed entries there may be encountered the information on both the function of Director and Marshall. The Director was the top-positioned officer of the voivodship. He commenced the debates and suggested who might be the candidate for the position of the Marshall. The Marshall presided over the Seymik. This activity was sometimes referred to as exercising the Directoriate. The formulas that were used on such occasions were, however, not always precise. Therefore, sometimes the Marshall was referred to as the Director. The difference between these two names is not detectable in the material referring to other Seymiks of the Polonia Minor.

Źródło:

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2012, 5, 1; 51-66
2084-4115
2084-4131

Pojawia się w:

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

The Principle of necessitas frangit legem in the Activity and Thought of Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro

Autorzy:

Tracz-Tryniecki, Marek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912910.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej

Tematy:

Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
necessitas frangit legem
law
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
prawo

Opis:

The article presents the attitude of Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro – a key statesman and political writer in the 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – toward the principle of necessitas frangit legem. At the beginning, the intellectual sources of his understanding of this principle are discussed. Two groups are referenced: one referring to the Christian legal view on necessitas and the other connected with the question of the reason of state. Then four aspects of Fredro’s thought and political activity are analyzed. Firstly, his reference to necessitas treated as the justification of the amendment of the old law. Secondly, various examples of his flexible attitude toward law. All of them express Fredro’s opinion on the key role of prudence in the process of applying law. Thirdly, the question of the infringement of law is discussed by referring to his concept of the exception from law and his reaction to Siciński’s veto. Fourthly, it is pointed how in the context of the political conflict during the 1660s Fredro adopted a much stricter attitude toward observing the law. In the end, the conclusions state that Fredro’s case is a good example of the dilemma of Polish political thought and practice of how to combine effective governance with the respect for constitutional forms.
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy stosunku Andrzeja Maksymiliana Fredry, jednego z kluczowych mężów stanu i pisarzy politycznych siedemnastowiecznej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, do zasady necessitas frangit legem. Na początku omówiono źródła intelektualne kształtujące jego rozumienie tej zasady. Wskazano na dwie grupy: związaną ze spojrzeniem chrześcijańskiej myśli prawniczej na necessitas oraz odnoszącą się do kwestii racji stanu. Analizie poddano cztery aspekty myśli i działalności Fredry. Po pierwsze, wskazano na odwołanie do necessitas jako uzasadnienia zmiany starego prawa. Po drugie, przedstawiono różne przykłady elastycznego podejścia do prawa, wyrażające opinię Fredry o kluczowej roli roztropności w procesie stosowania prawa. Po trzecie, omówiono problem naruszenia prawa, odnosząc go do Fredrowskiej koncepcji wyjątku od prawa oraz do jego reakcji na weto Sicińskiego. Po czwarte, wskazano, jak Fredro – w kontekście konfliktu politycznego lat 60. XVII w. – przyjął znacznie bardziej sztywne stanowisko wobec przestrzegania prawa. W konkluzjach stwierdzono, że przypadek Fredry stanowi dobry przykład dylematów dotyczących sposobu połączenia skutecznego rządzenia z poszanowaniem form konstytucyjno-ustrojowych, przed jakim stanęła zarówno myśl polityczna, jak i praktyka Rzeczypospolitej.

Źródło:

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 5; 311-327
1731-6375

Pojawia się w:

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

Konterfekt polsko-litewskich zbliżeń w poezji Wacława Potockiego (Ogród nie plewiony, Moralia)

Autorzy:

Borkowski, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031017.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-12-16

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Waclaw Potocki
poetry
Baroque
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Wacław Potocki
poezja
barok

Opis:

The paper deals with less well-known poetry of Wacław Potocki, which concerns Polish and Lithuanian relations. The poems show the multicoloured picture of social and political tensions between the Lithuanians and the Poles. A satiric tone and the moral high ground prevail in Potocki’s poems. Stable relations between Poland and Lithuania are perceived by the writer as the key factor for safety and development of the common country. The writings sometimes present a critical attitude of the poet towards the separatist tendency of Lithuania, and they also reveal the poet’s pride in belonging to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Źródło:

Tematy i Konteksty; 2019, 14, 9; 235-245
2299-8365

Pojawia się w:

Tematy i Konteksty

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

К вопросу об источниках грамматических знаний славянского языка в среде василиан: Из истории вильнюсского университетского экземпляра грамматики Мелетия Смотрицкого 1619 года

Autorzy:

Кажуро, Инна

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1902668.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-06-30

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

Tematy:

Meletius Smotrytsky
Grammar
history of the book
Basilians
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Vilnius university library

Opis:

Статья посвящена истории экземпляра Грамматики Мелетия Смотрицкого 1619 г., хранящегося в Библиотеке Вильнюсского университета (шифр  хранения – Rk 337). Несмотря на то, что информация об этом экземпляре была опубликована в 1908 г., некоторые его особенности остались без внимания. Целью нового исследования является раскрытие с помощью комплексного книговедческого анализа материальных особенностей Грамматики Смотрицкого, с указанием признаков, которыми она была наделена до выхода в свет, и признаков, которые появились на вильнюсском университетском экземпляре после издания (переплет, утраты и реставрации, провениенции и маргиналии). Среди бывших владельцев экземпляра выявлены три частных лица из духовного сословия и несколько учреждений. Раскрытые факты использования Грамматики выводят к более широкому кругу вопросов, связанных с рецепцией научного наследия Смотрицкого в среде Ордена василиан Великого Княжества Литовского и Речи Посполитой. Выводы исследования могут быть полезны для нескольких исторических направлений, среди которых можно указать исследования книжной культуры XVII–XVIII в., а также текстологию литургических текстов греко-католической Церкви.
There is a copy of Meletius Smotrytsky Grammar, published in 1619 in Yev’ye (Vievis), which is kept in the Library of Vilnius university (the shelf number – Rk 337) nowadays. Despite the fact that the main information about this copy was published in 1908, some of its features were overlooked. The aim of the research is to reveal, by using methods of bibliographical analysis, all the material features of the copy of Smotrytsky Grammar before its release (the structure of the book, types, ornaments) and after it was published (bookbinding, damages and restorations, provenances and annotations). During the research several owners of this copy were identified – three clergymen (priest Grzegorz Sanocki, student of Vilnius Pontifical Seminary Procopius Hucewicz, and Basilian Samuel Nowicki) and several institutions. Procopius Hucewicz and Samuel Nowicki belonged to the Greek Catholic Church of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The newly established facts related to the use of Smotrytsky‘s Grammar by monks offer a basis for further research on the reception and impact of Smotrytsky’s scholarly legacy among the Basilians of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The findings of the study may be valuable for several historical directions; among those of note are studies of the book culture of the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as the textual scholarship of the liturgical texts of the Greek Catholic Church.

Źródło:

Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2021, 2, XXVI; 127-143
1427-549X

Pojawia się w:

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

Wypisy źródłowe do biografii polskich biskupów i opatów z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów oraz niewoli narodowej doby zaborów (XVI-XIX W.) (cz. XII)
Source extracts for the biographies of Polish bishops and abbots from the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Partitions of Poland (16th and 19th centuries). (Part XII)

Autorzy:

Prokop, Krzysztof R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023527.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-06-27

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

biskup
opat
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
biografia
zabory
bishop
abbot
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
biography
partitions

Opis:

The twelfth part, closing the series Source extracts, comprises three sections. The first two, entitled Monastica and Varia, bring another portion of information, taken from the archives and manuscripts, for the biographies of the representatives of the Old Polish hierarchy of the Catholic Church - bishops, abbots and abbesses. The third one is a cumulative index of the included persons, which comprises all the previous parts of Source extracts. It enables researchers to easily explore the rich and diverse material published in 2004-2013, and referring to a total of 683 characters. The index also includes the related editions on this topic, published by the same publisher in the pages of the semi-annual “Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne” – it mentions, however, only those persons who appear in the individual parts of Source extracts. A wealth of factual data, introduced into the scientific world thanks to this series, should greatly assist in further prosopographical studies on the Old Polish church elites, particularly in the often postulated development of biographical dictionaries of both bishops and abbots from the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Źródło:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2014, 101; 141-215
0518-3766
2545-3491

Pojawia się w:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

Mieszczański republikanizm? Myśl polityczna Sebastiana Petrycego z Pilzna (1554–1626)
Burghers’ Republicanism? The Political Thought of Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno (1554–1626)

Autorzy:

Frączek, Aleksandra

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388133.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-09-30

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
political thought
republicanism
bourgeoisie
regalism
mixed system

Opis:

In 1605, Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno published a translation of Aristotle’s Politics into Polish, accompanied by his own original commentary. In this work, Petrycy presented an image of an idealized state that served as a model to address the issues within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The article deals with the political thought of Sebastian Petrycy, whom older historiography regarded as a monarchist or even a supporter of absolutism. Contrary to this categorisation, the article analyses the philosopher’s oeuvre through the lens of early modern republican theory. Central to the analysis are the fundamental elements of early modern republicanism such as virtue, freedom, law, and a mixed system. Petrycy critiques the implementation of these principles within the noblemen’s republicanism and proposes modifications to move towards what is defined for the purposes of this article as ‘burghers’ republicanism’. Utilizing Quentin Skinner’s methodology, Petrycy’s work has been set against the political crisis of Zebrzydowski’s rebellion, and its political significance has been demonstrated, despite its academic nature. Additionally, an attempt has been made to highlight Petrycy’s commitment to the royal camp, alongside the hypothesis that the author was expressing the intentions of senators-regalists while simultaneously seeking to improve the situation of non-noble citizens in the country.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 3; 59-86
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

„Umiar” jako spadek – potencjał i ograniczenia tworzenia alternatywy
“Moderation” as Inheritance – the Potential and Limitations of Creating an Alternative

Autorzy:

Kopel, Konrad

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057302.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-06-02

Wydawca:

Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita
wspólnota
alter-Państwo
umiar
poststrukturalizm
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
community
alter-State
moderation
post-structuralism

Opis:

Pojawiające się projekty alternatyw dla współczesnej hegemonicznej organizacji władzy (rozumianej jako porządek państwowy, kapitalizm, nowoczesność, biowładza itp.) są konstruowane na fundamentach zarówno kulturowo znanych, jak i obcych. Artykuł jest próbą rozpoznania potencjału i ograniczeń „umiaru”, który pozwoliłby na wytworzenie organizacji alter-państwowych. Wychodząc od analizy Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów jako bytu niepaństwowego, autor wskazuje na bardzo ważną rolę „umiaru” w jej mechanizmach wspólnotowych. Rozumiejąc je zgodnie z deleuzjańską koncepcją systemów maszynowych, śledzi je za pomocą narzędzi teoretycznych: sieci wyobrażeniowej oraz pamięci formulicznej i fantasmagorycznej, które pozwalają na określenie potencjalnej pracy „umiaru” we współczesnych projektach alternatywnych organizacji władzy.
The emerging projects of alternatives to the contemporary hegemonic organization of power (recognized as the order of the State, capitalism, modernity, biopower, etc.) are constructed on both culturally familiar and alien foundations. The article is an attempt to recognize the potential as well as the limitations of “moderation” that would allow generating alter-State organizations. Starting from the analysis of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a non-state, the author points out the key role of “moderation” in its community mechanisms. Understanding them in accordance with the Deleuzian concept of machine systems, the author traces them with theoretical tools: the imaginary network and formulative and phantasmagoric memory, which specify the potential work of “moderation” in contemporary projects of alternative organizations.  

Źródło:

Perspektywy Kultury; 2022, 37, 2; 185-200
2081-1446
2719-8014

Pojawia się w:

Perspektywy Kultury

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 50.

Tytuł:

Złote łany, ziemniaczane pola i zagony buraków. Roślinny krajobraz polskiej wsi w perspektywie historii gospodarczej

Autorzy:

Piotr, Koryś,

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897393.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018-07-11

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polska
rye
wheat
oilseed rape
sugar beets
potatoes
economic history
nobility
peasants

Opis:

The article discusses the role of plants in Poland’s economic development over the last 500 years. The author presents the role of five plants in the history of Poland’s development: cereals (wheat and rye), potatoes, sugar beet and rape. The specificity of the economic development of modern Europe has made Poland one of Europe’s granaries and an important exporter of cereals. This shaped the civilization of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and contributed to its fall due to institutional specificity. In the 19th century, potatoes played an important role in the population development of Polish lands, as they helped feed the rapidly growing population. The spread of sugar beet cultivation created the conditions for the development of modern sugar industry in the second half of the 19th century. It became one of the first modern branches of the food industry in Poland and contributed to the modernization of the village. Quite recently, oilseed rape was to become a plant that would bring back the times of agricultural sheikhs – no longer the nobility would trade in cereals on the European markets, but entrepreneurs producing a vegetable substitute for diesel oil.

Źródło:

Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2018, 62(1 (460)); 33-43
0033-2194

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Humanistyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 51.

Tytuł:

Warsaw Confederation Act of 1573 and the Project of Establishing the National Council in the Political Program of the Polish Reformation Movement of the XVI Century
АКТ ВАРШАВСЬКОЇ КОНФЕДЕРАЦІЇ 1573 р. ТА ПРОЕКТ СКЛИКАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СОБОРУ У ПОЛІТИЧНІЙ ПРОГРАМІ ПОЛЬСЬКОГО РЕФОРМАЦІЙНОГО РУХУ XVI ст.

Autorzy:

Cherkasov, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894285.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Institute of World History

Tematy:

European Reformation, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Warsaw Confederation Act
Європейська Реформація, Річ Посполита, Акт Варшавської конфедерації

Opis:

Реконструйовано та охарактеризовано ключові особливості перебігу реформаційного руху в Польщі другої половини XVI ст., визначено роль ідеї скликання Національного Собору уполітичній програмі протестантської шляхти та основні механізми впливу Реформації на формування польського етнополітичного середовища. Встановлено, що політична діяльністьпротестантів, спрямована проти католицької церкви, відіграла виняткову роль у поширенні польських етнічних цінностей на сферу організації державної влади та сприяла набуттю ниминормативного закріплення. На практиці цей вплив було реалізовано в обґрунтуванні протестантами власних політичних вимог інтересами польського народу та держави, боротьбі за створення польської національної церкви, утвердженні пріоритету польського права над розпорядженнями римської курії. Наведено текст та проаналізовано головні положення Акту Варшавської генеральної конфедерації 1573 р. як ключового політичного документу польської Реформації. Виявлено, що активне використання протестантською шляхтою реформаційних гасел у політичній боротьбі сприяло укріпленню основних засад шляхетської демократії, основ польського парламентаризму та польської етнополітичної культури в цілому. Продемонстровано, що реформаційний рух у Польщі виступив потужним чинником етнізації сфери відносин влади і державного управління, суспільно-політичної інтеріоризації польських етнічних цінностей, що сприяли розвитку базових уявлень про приналежність до етнічної спільноти та здійснили ідчутний вплив на формування польського етнополітичного середовища.
The key features of the Reformation movement in Poland in the second half of the XVI century are reconstructed and characterized, the role of the idea of establishing the National Council in thepolitical program of the Protestant szlachta and the main mechanisms of the Reformation influence on the Polish ethno political environment are defined. It is established that the anti catholic politicalactivity played an important role in spreading of the Polish ethnic values on the sphere of state power and served their further legislation. In practice, this influence was realized with the help of substantiating of the gentry political demands with the interests of the Polish people and the Polish state, the struggle for the Polish National Church establishing and by the affirmation of the priority ofthe Polish law over the orders of the Roman Curia. The main points of the Act of Warsaw General Confederation 1573 as the key political document of the Polish Reformation are analyzed. It is asserted that the reformation slogans actively used by the Protestant nobility in the political struggle contributed to strengthening of the basic principles of the gentry democracy, the basic traditions of the Polish parliamentarism and the Polish ethnopolitical culture in general. It is shown that the reformation movement in Poland was a powerful ethnicitydeveloping factor in the political sphere that caused the social and political interiorization of the Polish ethnic values and contributed greatly to the formation of the Polish ethnopolitical environment.

Źródło:

Проблеми всесвітньої історії; 2017, 4; 50-65
2707-6776

Pojawia się w:

Проблеми всесвітньої історії

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 52.

Tytuł:

La frontera de civilizaciones desde la perspectiva colonial
The Frontier of Civilizations from the Colonial Perspective

Autorzy:

KIENIEWICZ, Jan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/486165.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Tematy:

tierra fronteriza
Mancomunidad Polaco-Lituana
Kresy
pertenencia civilizacional
frontier land
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
civilizational membership

Opis:

The article deals with the problem of civilizational belonging of the states created by people who cross the boundaries of civilization as well as the is-sue of the frontier land considered as a space created as a result of becoming aware of the strangeness of everything that remains outside our identity.
El tema del artículo abarca el problema de la pertenencia civiliza-cional de los estados creados por la gente al atravesar las fronteras de civilizaciones así como de la tierra fronteriza considerada como un espacio creado a consecuencia de tomar conciencia de la extrañeza de todo lo que permanece fuera de nuestra identidad.

Źródło:

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2010, 1, 13; 75-86
1641-4713

Pojawia się w:

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 53.

Tytuł:

Komunikatywna efektywność uniwersałów królewskich w ostatnim trzydziestoleciu XVII w. (na podstawie ksiąg relacyjnych grodzkich województwa ruskiego)
Communicative effectiveness of royal universals in the last three decades of the seventeenth century (based on the relational books of the township of the Ruthenian region)

Autorzy:

Ониськів, Марта

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164774.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017-09-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Uniwersał królewski
wczesnonowożytna Rzeczypospolita
komunikatywna efektywność
Royal universal
early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
communicative efficiency

Opis:

Royal universal was an official document, which was used for mass communication in the early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The document was an answer to the informative needs, which early modern polish society had. The level of communicative efficiency of the royal universal was significant. Royal universal is researched as mass communication tool at the paper. The purpose of the paper is to determine the level of communicative efficiency of the royal universal for the early modern polish society. For this the author found the elements of communicative efficiency of the document and applied them to the royal universales. As a result the author writes about significant, but not perfect, level of communicative efficiency of the royal universal. Technical elements of communicative efficiency of the royal universal had not always been used. Besides that, early modern polish society (especially nobility) did not comply with all orders, which were in the royal universales.

Źródło:

Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2017, 3 (14); 89-104
2084-1213

Pojawia się w:

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 54.

Tytuł:

Dyplomaci weneccy w Rzeczypospolitej XVII wieku
Diplomatici veneziani nella Repubblica delle Due Nazioni nel XVII secolo

Autorzy:

Chynczewska-Hennel, Teresa

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171282.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Akademia Supraska

Tematy:

venetian diplomats
Polska
Turkey
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
G. Cavacca
G. Tiepolo
A. Vimina
A. Morosini

Opis:

I diplomatici della Serenissima si recavano in Polonia anzitutto per cercare di convincerla a intraprendere la lotta contro il Turco, la cui offensiva andava crescendo da tempo. Non mancavano le visite “di cortesia”, che gli ambasciatori veneziani facevano in occasione di cerimonie di incoronazione e di nozze regali, o per ragioni economiche. Dalla Polonia Venezia desiderava importare grano, bestiame e altri prodotti agricoli (come nel caso di Pietro Duodo, alla fine del XVII secolo). Una svolta nei contatti fra Venezia e la Polonia avvenne quando, nel 1645, i Turchi invasero Creta e conquistarono l’importante porto di Chania (Canea). In quell’anno Giovanni Tiepolo, che aveva rapporti di amicizia con Ladislao IV, giunse a Varsavia per cercare di ottenere rinforzi militari. Il soggiorno di ben due anni a Varsavia non portò però ad alcun risultato. L’insuccesso della missione derivò dall’atteggiamento negativo della nobiltà polacca che, contro la volontà del re e dei suoi sostenitori, non voleva impegnarsi in una guerra. Non ebbe successo neppure la missione diplomatica di Girolamo Cavazza che dimorò in Polonia fra 1650 e 1652, nel periodo dell’insurrezione di Bohdan Chmel’nyc’kyj. Infruttuosa rimase anche la missione dell’inviato veneziano Alberto Vimina che si rivolse direttamente all’etmano dell’esercito cosacco. Ne resta una preziosa testimonianza nell’opera “Historia delle guerre civili in Polonia” (Venetia, M.DC.LXXI). Degna di nota è la missione di Angelo Morosini, che ci ha lasciato una relazione conclusiva, scritta nel 1684 quando, dopo la vittoria di Giovanni III Sobieski a Vienna, si formò la Lega Santa di cui facevano parte sia Venezia che la Polonia. I diplomatici veneziani erano tutti rampolli delle più nobili famiglie veneziane. L’attività di personalità come Tiepolo, Cavazza e Vimina divenne immediatamente l’oggetto di narrazioni storiche stampate in grossi volumi che raccontano la storia di Venezia.

Źródło:

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2019, Вѣнецъ хваленїѧ. Studia ofiarowane profesorowi Aleksandrowi Naumowowi na jubileusz 70-lecia, 10; 11-24
2082-9299

Pojawia się w:

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 55.

Tytuł:

Poselstwa województw kujawskich do pierwszych królów rodaków (1669–1690)
Legations of Kuyavian Voivodeships to the First Compatriot Kings (1669–1690)

Autorzy:

Wierzbicki, Leszek A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197815.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-06-30

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

legations
deputies
sejmiks
Kuyavian voivodeships
Michael I
John III Sobieski
seventeenth century
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

The subject of legations sent by Kuyavian voivodeships to the royal court has not yet been discussed in historical literature. This work constitutes a supplement to the monograph by Adolf Pawiński devoted to the Kuyavian sejmik in Radziejów, in which these issues were completely ignored. The article makes use of the sejmik records of the Kuyavian voivodeships published by Pawiński, as well as other sources relating to this sejmik found in manuscripts. These include resolutions, instructions and credentials for the deputies, royal responses, letters of advice, and correspondence. This work gives an insight into the legations sent to the first compatriot kings, Michael I and John III Sobieski, through a critical analysis of the sources. Based on the preserved sources, it was possible to determine 12 legations sent to the royal court in the years 1669–1690. Initially, the legations consisted of four, and from 1672, of two persons. Twenty-three names were included among those who were sent to these rulers. They were land officials and representatives of the local nobility who had no offices or dignities. These legations were selected during relational, pre-sejm and mobilization sejmiks.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 2; 39-52
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 56.

Tytuł:

Lemmata w staropolskich konstrukcjach stemmatycznych jako przejaw hybrydyzacji gatunkowej
Lemmata in Old-Polish Armorial Poetry as a Manifestation of Genological Hybridization

Autorzy:

Czarski, Bartłomiej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636511.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Tematy:

Lemmata
Old-Polish Armorial Poetry
emblems
coat of arms
academic stemmata
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
hybrid forms

Opis:

One of the most popular panegyrical forms in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was the so-called “stemmata”. Similar to emblems, these visual works consisted of an illustrated coat of arms and an epigram, often attached to the front matter of printed texts during the Old-Polish Period. This article discusses select cases in which, influenced by emblems, lemma are incorporated into the stemmas structure. The text explains how the lemma is introduced to the stemma and how it affects stemmas meaning. Particular attention has been paid to cases in which mottos are treated as the title of a combination of a coat of arms and a poem. The text also analyzes “academic stemmata”, a sub-genre of a heraldic poems that consists of several features characteristic of emblems. The presence of lemma in the structure of stemmata is recognized as the consequence of a trend to liven up this visual form. Making the emblem more attractive was a way to draw the attention of readers, increasing the producer chance of communicating a panegyrical message. Not only the authors of stemma, but also their powerful patrons came to require this effect. The presence of lemma in the structure of heraldic poems also relates to the role of mottos in the Jesuit educational system. Mottos and verba aurea were treated by teachers from Societas Iesu as a very useful medium for presenting moral and parenetic subjects and it was fairly easy for authors of stemmata to use them for panegyric purposes. The lemmas role within the stemmas structure was twofold; it created a special connection between the stemma and the main text and simultaneously linked the fictional word of literature with the real one. The popularity of “classic stemmata” in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth led to the creation and popularization of other hybrid forms composed of a coat of arms and other textual elements.

Źródło:

Terminus; 2012, 14, 25; 157-178
2084-3844

Pojawia się w:

Terminus

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 57.

Tytuł:

Biblia w kulturze Rusi polsko-litewskiej w XVI wieku

Autorzy:

Naumow, Aleksander

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677394.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Rus’
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Slavonic Bible
Matvej Ioannovič Desjatyj
Francisk Skorina
Ostroh Academy
sacred philology
philologia sacra

Opis:

The Bible in the culture of Polish-Lithuanian Rus’ in the sixteenth centuryBeginning in the mid-fourteenth century, the East Slavic citizens of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (“Ruthenians,” the “Rutheni”) took active part in a process of multicultural integration. The increase of interests in the biblical text that took place in Europe in that period was not without influence on Ruthenians – both those who remained Orthodox and those who became followers of the Reformation. The article discusses two outstanding figures: Matvej Ioannovič Desjatyj (the biblical codex of Vilnius and Supraśl, 1502–1507) and Francisk Skorina (Prague edition of 23 Books of the Slavonic Bible – Bivlija ruska of 1517–1520, the Vilnius edition of Malaja podorožnaja knižka – The little traveller’s book, 1522, and the Apostolos of 1525). The article also examines how the circle of the Ostroh Academy approached the task of preparing a print edition of the Slavonic Bible (1580–1581) and investigates the viewpoint of those who were influenced by Reformation ideas as well as that of those promoting the usage of prosta/rus’ka mova. This biblical production, which is only a part of the literary activity undertaken in Rus’, testifies to the high level of Ruthenian culture in the Polish-Lithuanian state and shows how Ruthenians were able to match their traditional spirituality with the philologia sacra of the Renaissance. Biblia w kulturze Rusi polsko-litewskiej w XVI wiekuOd połowy XIV wieku wschodniosłowiańscy obywatele Rusi polsko-litewskiej brali czynny udział w procesie wielokulturowej integracji. Wzrost zainteresowania tekstem biblijnym w całej Europie wpłynął zarówno na prawosławnych, jak i sprzyjających reformacji. Artykuł koncentruje się na działalności dwóch wybitnych postaci: Mateusza (Macieja) Joannowicza Dziesiątego (Kodeks biblijny z Wilna i Supraśla z lat 1502–1507) i Franciszka Skoryny („Bivlija ruska” – praskie wydanie 23 ksiąg biblijnych w latach 1517–1520, „Malaja podorožnaja knižka”, wydana w Wilnie w 1522 i „Apostoł”, 1525). Omówiono tu również proces przygotowania w kręgu Akademii Ostrogskiej pierwszej drukowanej Biblii cerkiewnosłowiańskiej (1580–1581), ukazując także punkt widzenia zwolenników reformacji na problem tekstu biblijnego, w tym także propagatorów „prostej/ruśkiej mowy”. Ta biblijna produkcja, stanowiąca jedynie część literackiej piśmienniczej aktywności, świadczy o wysokim poziomie ruskiej kultury w państwie polsko-litewskim i pokazuje, w jaki sposób Rusini byli w stanie połączyć tradycyjną duchowość z renesansową philologia sacra.

Źródło:

Slavia Meridionalis; 2016, 16
1233-6173
2392-2400

Pojawia się w:

Slavia Meridionalis

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 58.

Tytuł:

Kryzys państwowości w połowie XVII wieku. Paralela Dania – Rzeczpospolita

Autorzy:

Szelągowska, Krystyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601938.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Dania
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
komparatystyka
potop szwedzki
Denmark
Polish-Lithuanian-Commonwealth
comparative studies
Swedish ‘Deluge’

Opis:

W latach pięćdziesiątych XVII w. monarchia duńska oraz Rzeczpospolita znalazły się w fazie ostrego kryzysu, który zagroził ich istnieniu. Podobne pod względem politycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym, dalej jednak poradziły sobie inaczej: w Danii wprowadzono absolutyzm umożliwiający przetrwanie i modernizację państwa, w Rzeczypospolitej reformy nie powiodły się, a kraj pogrążał się w upadku. W Danii natomiast dokonano zmiany pozycji króla, kształtu Kościoła i funkcjonowania duchowieństwa wskutek przyjęcia na początku XVI w. luteranizmu, jako wyznania państwowego.In the 1650s, the Danish Kingdom and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were hit by a severe crisis that threatened their existence. Although similar in regard to their political, social, and economic systems, both countries dealt with the crisis differently: in Denmark absolutism was introduced, making it possible to modernize the state, while in the Commonwealth reforms failed, and the state descended into downfall. The primary reason was the change of the position of the king and religion, due to the adoption of Lutheranism as the official state church of Denmark in the early sixteenth century.

Źródło:

Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2018, 125, 2
0023-5903

Pojawia się w:

Kwartalnik Historyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 59.

Tytuł:

Artykuły lwowskiej konfederacji wojska koronnego z 1622 roku

Autorzy:

Antos, Patryk

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185011.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych. Instytut Historyczny

Tematy:

Sigismund III Vasa
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Crown Army
military confederation
articles of a military confederation

Opis:

The objective of this paper is to present a very rare document – the articles of the Lwów confederation. Only a few such documents survived and only as copies because, after the conclusion of a confederation, its articles were publicly burned. Publication of these documents will allow the readers for familiarizing themselves with an interesting contribution to the knowledge of the military history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, without the need for a preliminary survey in the holdings of The Princes Czartoryski Library in Cracow.

Źródło:

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka; 2022, 77, 2; 77-84
0037-7511
2658-2082

Pojawia się w:

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 60.

Tytuł:

Samotna wyspa czy wolni wśród wolnych? Obraz wolnych republik w dyskursie politycznym Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
A Lonely Island or the Free among the Free? The Image of Free Republics in Political Discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Autorzy:

Grześkowiak-Krwawicz, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31232746.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

freedom
res publica
republic
political discussion
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
wolność
rzeczpospolita
dyskusja polityczna
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów

Opis:

Badacze od dawna zwracali uwagę na głębokie przekonanie szlachty Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów o wyjątkowości jej kraju i jej swobód. Wbrew temu, co się czasem sądzi, nie był to wyraz sarmackiej megalomanii, która dała o sobie znać w wieku XVII i na początku XVIII, opinię tę głoszono co najmniej od połowy wieku XVI. Nie była to też jakaś polska osobliwość, podobnie mówili i zapewne myśleli o swoich swobodach obywatele innych wolnych rzeczy-pospolitych. Już w XV wieku mieszkańcy Florencji uważali swoją republikę za jedyną i nadzwyczajną, właśnie z racji panującej w niej wolności. Podobnie swój kraj i panującą w nim wolność oceniali Wenecjanie, a później Holendrzy, a także Anglicy. Zdanie: „jest tylko jedno królestwo na ziemi, gdzie wolność znalazła mieszkanie” wbrew pozorom nie odnosi się do sarmackiej Rzeczypospolitej, ale do hanoweriańskiej Anglii, a jego autor sądził, iż to jego ojczyzna jest jedynym krajem, a Brytyjczycy są jedynym ludem, który prawdziwie może o sobie powiedzieć: „jesteśmy wolni”. Szlacheccy obywatele Rzeczypospolitej wcześnie wpisali się w ten dyskurs, jeszcze przed pierwszą wolną elekcją. Autorka omawia dzieje owego dyskursu w czasach Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, stwierdzając, że w przeciwieństwie do odwołań w wieku XVI, a nawet w początkach wieku XVII pojawiające się później wzmianki o innych niż własna rzeczpospolita bądź niż republiki antyczne (szczególnie Rzym) były niezbyt liczne i dość powierzchowne, ich autorzy na ogół nie wiedzieli zbyt wiele o przywoływanych krajach, nie mieli jednak wątpliwości, że łączy je z Rzecząpospolitą pewne podobieństwo, które można by określić jako wspólnotę wolności. Bo też ten właśnie motyw, ważny także wcześniej, w wieku XVII i pierwszej połowie wieku XVIII stał się dominujący. Kryzys i skostnienie refleksji politycznej w połączeniu ze spadkiem zainteresowania światem zewnętrznym spowodował, że w szlacheckich dyskusjach politycznych nie pojawiały się już bardziej rozbudowane odwołania do innych krajów i ich rozwiązań ustrojowych. Ich uczestnicy jednak w dalszym ciągu włączali swój kraj w dość elitarną wspólnotę republik europejskich i w dalszym ciągu, nie bacząc na wszelkie różnice społeczne, wyznaniowe, polityczne, z których zresztą często nie zdawali sobie sprawy, uważali je za swoje „towarzyszki”.
Researchers have long drawn attention to the deep conviction of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth nobility about the uniqueness of their country and its freedoms. Contrary to what is sometimes believed, it was not an expression of Sarmatian megalomania, which made itself felt in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, this opinion was propagated at least from the middle of the sixteenth century. Nor was it some kind of Polish peculiarity, citizens of other free commonwealths said and probably thought about their freedoms in a similar way. Already in the 15th century, the inhabitants of Florence considered their republic to be unique and extraordinary, precisely because of its freedom. The Venetians, and later the Dutch and the English, assessed their country and freedom in a similar way. The sentence: “there is only one kingdom on earth where freedom has found a home” contrary to appearances does not refer to the Sarmatian Commonwealth, but to Hanoverian England, and its author believed that his homeland was the only country and the British were the only people who can truly say about himself: “we are free.” Noble citizens of Polish Republic entered this discourse early, even before the first free election. The author discusses the history of this discourse in the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, stating that, contrary to the references in the 16th century, and even at the beginning of the 17th century, later references to republics other than the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or ancient republics (especially Rome) were not numerous and quite superficial, their authors generally did not know much about the mentioned countries, but they had no doubts that they share a certain similarity with the Commonwealth, which could be described as a community of freedom. Because this very motif, also important earlier, became dominant in the 17th century and the first half of the 18 century. The crisis and ossification of political reflection, combined with a decrease in interest in the outside world, meant that more extensive references to other countries and their political solutions no longer appeared in noble political discussions. Their participants, however, continued to include their country in a fairly elite community of European republics and still, regardless of all social, religious and political differences, of which they were often unaware, they still considered them their “companions.”

Źródło:

Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2023, 71, 1; 91-110
0035-7685

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Filozoficzne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 61.

Tytuł:

“Patavium virum me fecit” – Padova come luogo di formazione delle antiche élite polacche
“Patavium virum me fecit”: the university of Padua as a teaching centre for polish-lithuanian elite

Autorzy:

Tygielski, Wojciech

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929919.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-06-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

students
university
Padua
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
social elites
Padova
università
studenti
Confederazione polacco-lituana
élite sociali

Opis:

Using the Atti della Nazione Polacca at the University of Padua as a main source, the author describes the role that this university played in the education of students from the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth from the 16th to 18th centuries. According to the author’s research, this role was crucial in the 16th century, when a significant part of Polish elites included a stay at this university in their curriculum. In the 17th century, the number of students from Poland-Lithuania studying in Padua decreased slowly but continuously, and in the 18th century, the number was marginal. In the period under discussion, the social structure of this group significantly changed: students looking to acquire knowledge that was necessary for their future professional career were gradually replaced by young men of aristocratic and noble families, for whom a visit in Padua, be it long or short, was only a stage in their educational European Grand Tour. According to the author, this can be explained by intellectual changes in Polish-Lithuanian society: a general and rather superficial education was gradually preferred to university-based and professionally-provided knowledge. A study of selected travel diaries supplemented and confirmed the results of the presented statistical analysis. All Polish travellers visiting Padua in the 16th and 17th centuries described the University and considered it as the most important institution of the city; meetings with compatriot students were also often mentioned. Later on, the University was no longer the obvious subject of the descriptions and 18th-century travellers often did not even mention it at all. Nevertheless, there is still available evidence that the Polish presence in Padua, although reduced, was visible and important for the city.
Analizzando i registri di immatricolazione della nazione polacca (Metryka nacji polskiej) dell’Università di Padova, pubblicati mezzo secolo fa da Henryk Barycz e Karolina Targosz, l’autore riflette sul ruolo di Padova nel sistema educativo dei giovani polacchi giuntivi a studiare. Sottolineando l’eccellente reputazione dell’università e l’alta qualità del personale docente, mette in luce l’importanza fondamentale del centro di Padova nel processo di educazione delle élite intellettuali polacco-lituane nel XVI secolo. Documenta poi la presenza dei nuovi arrivati dalla Rzeczpospolita, la quale diminuì gradualmente nel corso del XVII secolo e venne quasi a sparire nel XVIII secolo, interrogandosi sulle ragioni del declino del ruolo dell’Università di Padova nel sistema educativo della Polonia antica. L’autore nota inoltre il mutamento della struttura sociale della comunità di studenti, nella quale diminuisce il numero di persone interessate ad acquisire conoscenze e competenze specifiche, che in futuro sarebbero state alla base della loro attività professionale, mentre cresce la rappresentanza di famiglie magnatizie e nobili, per le quali la permanenza a Padova era solo una tappa del Grand Tour, giro di carattere generale, e non strettamente educativo, dei più importanti centri europei. Questa osservazione sembra confermare il graduale cambiamento del modello educativo dei giovani nella Confederazione polacco-lituana e delle aspettative educative nel paese. Le osservazioni, avanzate sulla base di analisi statistiche, vengono confermate dalla lettura dei diari di viaggio, alla luce dei quali l’università, in essi un primo tempo presente, pian piano cessa di essere un punto di riferimento ricorrente ed oggetto di descrizione da parte dei viaggiatori. Allo stesso tempo, però, la costante presenza polacca a Padova viene confermata dalle pagine dei diari, il che sembra indicare che i rapporti tra la Repubblica di Polonia, Padova e l’Università di Padova siano stati mantenuti, anche se probabilmente su una scala minore. Le conseguenze della formazione all’estero delle élite polaccolituano-rutene rimangono un argomento aperto ed è proprio il caso di Padova che ci invita in modo particolare a riprenderlo e ad approfondirlo.

Źródło:

Italica Wratislaviensia; 2021, 12.1; 21-46
2084-4514

Pojawia się w:

Italica Wratislaviensia

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 62.

Tytuł:

Obraz władców polskich w osiemnastowiecznych księgach silva rerum
The image of Polish rulers in eighteenth-century silva rerum books
Obraz polských panovníků v knihách silva rerum z 18. století

Autorzy:

Orzeł, Joanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6378931.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-06-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
silva rerum
królowie polscy
wiek XVIII
szlachta
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish monarchs
eighteenth century
nobility

Opis:

The aim of this article is to present the view of Polish rulers by the nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the eighteenth century. These reflections were based on the silva rerum books written in the eighteenth century, containing separate sections on the history of the Polish Kingdom. As in the printed works, there is a noticeable slow change in the manner of descriptiveness – the abandonment of factual information in favour of an attempt to evaluate the ruler and the times of his reign. The painful reality of the successive partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and then its collapse, resulted in a more critical approach to certain rulers, but also to the mechanisms of governance.

Źródło:

Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2023, 2(37); 70-92
2084-1213

Pojawia się w:

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 63.

Tytuł:

Unia Lubelska aktem założycielskim Rzeczypospolitej
The Union of Lublin as a founding act of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Autorzy:

Krochmal, Jacek
Rachuba, Andrzej
Choińska-Mika, Jolanta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/16647667.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-12-23

Wydawca:

Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych

Tematy:

unia lubelska
Rzeczpospolita
unie polsko-litewskie
Union of Lublin
Polish-Lithuanian unions
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Central Archive of Historical Records
AGAD

Źródło:

Unia Lubelska 1569 roku i unie w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej; 13-64
9788395630255

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 64.

Tytuł:

Artykuły wojenne dla artylerii koronnej Augusta III z 1737 r.
Articles of war for the artillery of Augustus III from 1737

Autorzy:

Ciesielski, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621861.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, armia, August III, prawo wojskowe.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, army, August III, military law.

Opis:

During the reigns of Augustus II and Augustus III (both Polish) – the Lithuanian Com- monwealth’s armies were modernized. As early as during the Great Northern War the armies were equipped with relatively modern military devices, and within the following decades efforts were made to keep the equipment in line with European standards. As far as the financial and organizational aspects were concerned, the most significant were the reforms of the Silent Sejm from 1717. Moreover, it was signalled that the military law should be thoroughly modernized by means of developing general and detailed codes determining the rules of military service and principles of everyday life for the soldiers of both Commonwealth’s armies. Although a few, or perhaps several drafts of such codes were developed, what finally happened was that the military law applica- ble in 1753-1755 was codified (three codes, two of which were prepared for printing by Samuel Brodowski), and foremostly, three new normative acts regulating the principles of organization and discipline in the Commonwealth’s army were issued. One of them was authored by Augustus II, who in 1698 announced new Military Articles. His son and heir to the Commonwealth’s throne, Augustus III made an attempt to modify those articles by means of issuing his own War Articles in 1749. However, it does not seem that they were widely adopted in the royal and Lithuanian armies or that they supplanted the articles of Augustus II. They shared the fate of an earlier attempt made by Augustus III in order to modify the applicable military law, i.e. the Articles for artillery issued in 1737. In fact, the only proof of their existence is the royal diploma establishing those articles stored in the National Archives in Cracow and reprinted in this article. I did not access any source materials confirming that the articles of Augustus III were presented to artil- lery officers in either royal or Lithuanian armies, or that they were ever applied in the court practice. From the preamble it may be concluded that the articles were published at the request of the head of the Polish artillery, Zygmunt Adolf Rybiński, and developed on the basis of the royal articles for artillery from the first half of 17th century. In fact, although there were numerous common elements with the articles issued by Władysław IV, their construction and number of paragraphs were different, and most importantly so were the definitions of disciplinary rules and the punishments catalogue. In fact, the articles of Augustus III were modelled upon the normative acts regulating the provi- sions of criminal law applicable in the Saxon army artillery. However, the obligations imposed upon the soldiers, the same as in the case of other military articles announced for the Commonwealth’s army since the mid-16th century and by the 1780s: loyalty to the King and the Commonwealth; absolute obedience to the King and all army superiors along with following their orders; diligent fulfilment of duties, especially during watch and war time; taking good care of military equipment; modest and proper behaviour within stationing and accommodation sites. The articles also regulated the principles of concluding marriages, which was only possible upon obtaining permission from the superiors. The articles also strictly prohibited initiating riots, brawling among the sol- diers, duelling, causing harm to the civilians, committing criminal offences, cowardice or desertion while facing the enemy, spying for the enemy and destroying public utility facilities along with mills, ploughs and bakery ovens both within the territory of their own and enemy countries. Failure to comply with the obligations and duties resulted in severe punishments, both financial and corporal, imprisonment combined with heavy physical work or even capital punishment.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2016, 15, 1; 95-116
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 65.

Tytuł:

From the Union of Lublin to the Mutual Guarantee of the Two Nations

Autorzy:

Malec, Jerzy

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308732.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

Union of Lublin
Mutual Guarantee of the Two Nations
union of Poland and Lithuania
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

The purpose of this study is to show changes in the legal and political nature of the alliance between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania over the centuries, from the Union concluded in Lublin in 1569, through the so-called ‘coequatio iuris’ of 1697, until the regulations adopted in the Constitution of May 3, and the “Reciprocal Guarantee of Both Nations” crowning the process and passed at the Four-Year Sejm on October 20, 1791. The study uses a wide range of archival manuscript sources, old prints, parliamentary legislation, and also numerous studies using both old and current literature. The main research goal of the study was to show to what extent the changes in the legal nature of the union of the two countries led to their full unification, which was in the past (and sometimes still is) the interpretation of this process in many studies, and to what extent the federalist character of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was preserved, which is nowadays the dominant view and which the author of this study is a strong supporter of.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2023, 22, 1; 455-484
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 66.

Tytuł:

The Deputies of Vitebsk District to the Sejm of Lublin in 1569: The Social Biography of Piotr Kisiel and Tymofiej Hurko

Autorzy:

Padalinski, Uladzimir A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178396.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-12-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Union of Lublin
biography
nobles
social activity
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Vitebsk district
Sejm

Opis:

The aim of the article is to examine the most important forms of social activity of the petty and middle nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of the 16th century on the example of the unique life stories of two Vitebsk noblemen. The article discusses biographies of Piotr Kisiel and Tymofiej Hurka, who represented the Vitebsk district at the Sejm in 1569 and directly participated in the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. For a long time, the historiography discussed only the most influential participants of the sessions of this Sejm. However, ‘ordinary’ representatives of the wide group of nobles from the districts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also played their part in negotiations regarding the conclusion of the union. The aims, ideas, worldview, and values along with the personal experiences of those people directly affected their social and political position, and thus, to some extent, shaped the entire state. The author shows the influence of military and political events of the 1560s on the political activities of Piotr Kisiel and Tymofiej Hurka. The experience gained from the Livonian War influenced their attitude towards the union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Crown in 1569. The investigations presented by the author show that significant transformations of the 1560s (reforms of the political system of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the creation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) gave the Kisiel and Hurka families the opportunity to actively participate in public life and allowed them to occupy a permanent place among the political elites of the Vitebsk district. The research results are based on various types of documentary sources, both published ones and manuscripts. The methodological basis of the analysis is the biographical method. The article emphasizes that detailed investigations of the biographies of ‘ordinary’ nobles opened new research perspectives in regard to the history of the noblemen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the entire Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 73-96
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 67.

Tytuł:

Ceremoniał koronacyjny i jego znaczenie dla pozycji polskich królowych w XVII i XVIII wieku.
Коронационный церемониал и его значение для позиции польских королев в XVII и XVIII вв.

Autorzy:

Pietrzak, Jarosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969595.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Nauki i Kultury Libra

Tematy:

queen
ceremonial
coronation
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
koronacje
królowa
ceremoniał
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
коронация
королева
церемониал
Речь Посполитая

Opis:

Данная статья является вкладом в исследование обряда коронации королев Речи Посполитой Польской в XVII и XVIII веках. Эта тема еще не дождалась монографического изучения. Лейтмотивом статьи является взгляд на положение правителя в правовой и политической системе Польско-Литовского государства через призму церемонии коронации. Работа затрагивает темы, связанные с представлением и изображением избранных польских королей во время торжественного свадебно-коронационного въезда. Пристальное внимание было уделено формированию обряда коронации с XV века и его изменениям в более поздние века. Многие элементы, составляющие литургию коронации королевы, изменились с годами, и нельзя сказать, что церемония была единообразной в этом отношении. Наконец, были исследованы иконосфера и знаки власти, сопровождающие церемонию коронации, например коронационные инсигния, мантии и визуальное и звуковое оформление церемонии.

Źródło:

Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny; 2020, XVII, 3; 155-205
1731-982X

Pojawia się w:

Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 68.

Tytuł:

Foreigners and the Knowledge of Foreign Languages Among the Jesuits in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until the End of 16th Century
Cudzoziemcy i znajomość języków obcych wśród jezuitów Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów do końca XVI wieku

Autorzy:

Łukaszewska-Haberkowa, Justyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108426.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-06-02

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

Jesuits
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
16th c.
foreign languages
jezuici
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
XVI w.
języki obce

Opis:

The objective of the paper is to revise and complete the current state of research into general characteristics of the first generation of the Polish Jesuits. The first part characterizes the 16th century Poland as a country. Then the influence of linguistic and regional relations in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is depicted and the degree of language knowledge among the Polish Jesuits is presented. The term “Polish Jesuits” applies here both to the members of the Society born in the Commonwealth as well as those coming from abroad to perform their duties there. In the 16th century these Jesuits formed a group which was fascinating in terms of origin and their knowledge of languages. Situation of the Jesuit Society in the period discussed in the present paper was incomparable to that in other European countries and the knowledge of multiple languages among the priests and brothers attests to this fact.
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest pewna korekta i uzupełnienie dotychczasowego stanu badań na temat ogólnej charakterystyki pierwszego pokolenia polskich jezuitów. Opracowanie powstało na podstawie materiałów źródłowych i archiwalnych, z których niektóre zostały wcześniej opublikowane przez autorkę lub pozostały w rękopisie. Praca opiera się na dokumentach z epoki, które zawierają charakterystykę osób i stanowi próbę syntezy, która w postaci pełnej nie jest możliwa z powodu braku odpowiednich źródeł. Polska w XVI wieku należała do państw bardzo zróżnicowanych pod względem etnicznym i wyznaniowym. Do Rzeczypospolitej przybywali cudzoziemcy, często ze względów religijnych, którzy starali się możliwie szybko zasymilować ze środowiskiem lokalnym. Większe trudności odczuwali ci, którzy żyli wśród szlachty − bardziej ksenofobicznej, mieszkający w miastach nie napotykali prawie żadnych problemów. Ludzi, nawet pochodzących z zewnątrz, z krajów ościennych, postrzegano jako członków jednej wspólnoty i środowiska, choć mówili obcym językiem i należeli do innej grupy społecznej.

Źródło:

Roczniki Teologiczne; 2022, 69, 4; 5-24
2353-7272

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Teologiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 69.

Tytuł:

Zamki i drogi na białoruskim Podźwiniu w czasie wojny inflanckiej (1558–1583)
Castles and Transportation Networks in Podvine, Belarus, during the Livonian War (1558–1583)

Autorzy:

Volkau, Mikola

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388132.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-09-30

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Livonian wars
military logistics
defensive infrastructure
fortifications
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Tsardom of Muscovy

Opis:

The study of warfare in Belarusian Podvine (Polack and Viciebsk Voivodeships along with the Braslaŭ district) throughout the Livonian Wars has garnered considerable scholarly attention. However, several pivotal aspects have not been explicated, including the objectives behind various war campaigns and the efficacy of strategies employed by the adversaries – the Tsardom of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569). A thorough analysis of military logistics, with its focal points being transportation routes and fortifications, is essential for a comprehensive insight into these issues. The assessment of military potential associated with Lithuanian and Muscovite castles is most effectively executed through an in-depth analysis of their arsenals and garrisons. Evidently, the supply of weaponry indicated that Vilnius anticipated an intense struggle for control over the Daugava River, which was significant for dominance in Livonia. The Polack campaign led by Ivan the Terrible during the winter of 1562/1563 should be evaluated as a rational, yet daring manoeuvre. This endeavour instigated the construction of a robust network of fortresses in the occupied territories, the upkeep of which proved very expensive, and the lack of waterways further exacerbated the problem. Conversely, the Lithuanians adeptly devised a defensive framework on the left bank of the Daugava River, and successfully thwarted efforts to block Viciebsk – a city that maintained control over river transportation. The skilful utilisation of roads and watercourses within Podvine emerged as a pivotal factor contributing to the triumphs of Stephen Batory’s military campaigns from 1579 to 1582.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 3; 27-57
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 70.

Tytuł:

Wspólnota jezuitów w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Między tradycją a zmianą
Jesuit Community in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Between Tradition and Change

Autorzy:

Mariani, Andrea

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178405.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-12-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Roman Catholic Church
Society of Jesus
Jesuits
religious province
prosopography
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Opis:

When discussing the composition of the Polish and Lithuanian provinces of the Society of Jesus, this article is part of the trend of prosopographic and socio-historical research devoted to the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. The aim of the research is to grasp both permanent elements and changes that took place in the structure of the Jesuit community in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The author not only presents similarities and differences in the development of the Polish and Lithuanian provinces, but also discusses the trends occurring in their area in a wide pan-European context, comparing the situation of Polish and Lithuanian Jesuits with other administrative units of the order. The chronological scope of the work covers the years 1608–1773, i.e. from the creation of the Lithuanian province as a result of the division of the Polish administrative unit of the order to the dissolution of the Society. The base of primary sources consists of annual and three-year catalogues kept in the Roman Archives of the Society of Jesus, which were analyzed in the form of survey using statistical methods. Against the background of the development of the institution’s network and its financial situation, the author focuses on four issues: the number of Jesuits, their religious vows, their geographical distribution and regions of origin. The conducted research above all shows the influence of the political and military situation of the state on the size of the Jesuit community: the wars of the mid-17th century and, albeit to a lesser extent, the first decade of the 18th century brought serious consequences. The structure of the community in terms of religious vows evolved in a similar way to other European provinces of the Society, as indicated by the increase in the number of professes of four religious vows, who constituted the elite of the order. This phenomenon testifies to the fact that, despite the crises that affected the Commonwealth, the order provided its members with better and better education. The geographical distribution and regions of origin of the Jesuits are closely related, since the recruitment of candidates for the order took place mostly among graduates of Jesuit schools. The most important change in this respect was the increase in the significance of the eastern territories of the Commonwealth both in terms of the number of friars residing there and the participation of representatives of local society in the Jesuit community. As a result of this tendency, in the 18th century the role of the inhabitants of the ethnically Polish territories of the Commonwealth weakened; in the previous century they had constituted, due to their geographical mobility, a substantial part of the Jesuit community in the eastern regions of the Polish-Lithuanian state. This phenomenon clearly indicates the process of cultural integration that took place in the eastern lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and changes in the social mechanism of recruiting friars, manifested in the increase in the number of Jesuits of noble origin.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 123-178
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 71.

Tytuł:

Unia Lubelska we współczesnej ukraińskiej historiografii i dydaktyce
The Union of Lublin in contemporary Ukrainian historiography and didactics

Autorzy:

Biłous, Natalia
Rachuba, Andrzej
Choińska-Mika, Jolanta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/16647206.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-12-23

Wydawca:

Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych

Tematy:

Unia Lubelska
historiografia ukraińska
dydaktyka
nauczanie historii
Union of Lublin
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Ukraine
historiography
history textbooks

Opis:

In Ukrainian historiography, treatment of the significance and aftermath of the Union of Lublin depended on ideological priorities of the time. In the 19 th and 20 th century historians were united by a sustained anti-Polish attitude. As early as in the 19th century, the scholars built an image of Poland as the main “stranger” in Ukrainian history. This negative image survived throughout the 20th century and passed into the 21st century. The purpose of the article is to examine various historiographic problems and stereotypes related to the Union of Lublin in the last 25 years and evolution, i.e. transformation, of the views of Ukrainian historians and textbook authors regarding this landmark event. Soviet historiography borrowed the negative assessment of the Union of Lublin and its consequences for Ukraine from the “national” concept of Mykhailo Hrushevsky and, going further, added new stereotypes to it. In the mid-1990s we observe a departure from the model introduced by Hrushevsky and the Soviet model of writing about history. As a result of the new political realities, some emphases in historiography have shifted, the evaluations of events have changed slightly, and historians have outlined new, neutral evaluations of the union. Over the past ten years, a number of modern works by Ukrainian researchers have emerged, appreciating the common heritage of Poland and Ukraine, especially from the history of parliamentarianism, ideology, identity and culture, the history of the nobility, the bourgeoisie and the Cossacks, which have their roots in the Union of Lublin, when the Ukrainian lands became part of the former Commonwealth. In 2019, in connection with the 450th anniversary of the Union of Lublin, interest in this event among the Ukrainian public has increased. A scholarly conference was held with the support of the Polish Institute in Kiev. Unfortunately, new views of historians have not affected the content of most textbooks for secondary and tertiary schools. They still describe the Union of Lublin along the lines of the “best” Soviet models. In recent years, state policy in Ukraine has been aimed primarily at overcoming myths about the 20th century. Therefore, much attention is paid to the content of the recent history books, while the events of the 16th–17th century remain in its “shadow”. Although ideological formulas and stereotypes of national and Soviet historiography have been partly incorporated into contemporary textbooks, some positive changes in the assessment of the consequences of the Union of Lublin are already visible. The topic of the Union of Lublin is well suited for developing critical thinking among pupils and students. It allows them to form their own assessment, based on facts, sources and the latest research by historians.

Źródło:

Unia Lubelska 1569 roku i unie w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej; 273-291
9788395630255

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 72.

Tytuł:

Attempts to raise the educational level of the Uniate clergy at the Basilian Seminary in Novy Sverzhen (1743-1833)

Autorzy:

Liseichykau, Dzianis
Wereda, Dorota

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36167984.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach

Tematy:

History
Education
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
the Uniate clergy
the Basilians
Radziwiłł
the Metropolitan Diocese of Kiev

Opis:

The aim of this paper is to present the activities of the first educational institution educating Uniate clergy in the Metropolitan Diocese of Kiev and its role in the education of the Uniate community of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The seminary was founded in 1743 by Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł 'Rybeńko' in Novy Sverzhen (Nowy Świerżeń). The conduct of the seminary was entrusted to the Order of the Lithuanian Basilian Province. Monks served as rectors and teachers. The curriculum was modeled on Jesuit colleges. The seminary in Novy Sverzhen was planned for 12 alumni. The seminar educated clergymen for the Uniate parishes located in the Radziwiłł estate. The first seminary in the Uniate Metropolitan Diocese of Kiev did not solve the problem of the low intellectual level of the Uniate clergy. In relation to the needs the ability to train 12 alumni was far too small. The seminary closed in 1828.

Źródło:

Historia i Świat; 2023, 12; 255-272
2299-2464
2956-6436

Pojawia się w:

Historia i Świat

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 73.

Tytuł:

Rola społeczna aptek jezuickich w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej
The social role of Jesuit pharmacies in the former Republic of Poland

Autorzy:

Mariani, Andrea

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408508.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-11-03

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Tematy:

history of pharmacy
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Society of Jesus
medical matter
history of surgery
history of medicine

Opis:

The article presents the social role of Jesuit pharmacies in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth based on the sources of religious provenance and inventories of Jesuit colleges drawn up as a result of the dissolution of the Society of Jesus in 1773. In the first part, the author analyzes the ecclesiastical and secular legislation and its impact on the activities of Jesuit pharmacies. Canon law did not forbid clergymen to deal with medicine, but only limited the possibility of obtaining academic education in this field and conducting surgical procedures. By adopting these rules, Jesuit legislation placed the main emphasis on superiors’ control over the finances of pharmacies and limited the sale of drugs to protect the order from being accused of unfair competition by the townspeople. In the context of state pharmaceutical law, the privilege of June 30, 1662, which allowed for the liberation of journeymen by Jesuit pharmacists, was of great importance. In this way, a path of professional education in the field of pharmacy under the management of the Society, an alternative to the guild system, was created. The second part of the article discusses the social factors that favoured the establishment of monastic pharmacies. Particularly noteworthy is the uneven distribution of Jesuit pharmacies in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. While in Royal Prussia the Jesuits did not run pharmacies to avoid conflicts with the Protestant bourgeoisie, in the eastern borderlands of the Polish-Lithuanian state, Jesuit pharmacies were often the only institutions of this type. The third part of the work presents the financial situation of Jesuit pharmacies. They had significant income, but also required considerable investments related to the purchase of raw materials and equipment in the Baltic ports. The fourth part of the article concerns the social scope of the activity of Jesuit pharmacists, who not only provided medicines to the poor, but also treated nobles, magnates and high church dignitaries. Not being obliged by guild regulations, apart from preparing medicines, they also diagnosed them, performed minor surgical procedures and assisted women during childbirth. The last part of the article discusses drugs and raw materials in terms of their availability to the broadly understood clientele. The offer of Jesuit pharmacies included both cheap products derived from the local flora, intended for the treatment of the poor, and expensive raw materials from abroad. Moreover, among the medical matter there were preparations for women and infants, as well as for people suffering from syphilis. In the end, the author emphasizes the centrality of pharmacies in the Jesuit pastoral strategy. Thanks to their high level, pharmacies not only corresponded to the ideal of mercy, but also contributed to gaining the favour and trust of representatives of social elites. In this context, the dissolution of the Society is an important turning point not only in cultural and religious life, but also in the history of medicine and pharmacy in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Źródło:

Wiek Oświecenia; 2021, 37; 42-83
0137-6942

Pojawia się w:

Wiek Oświecenia

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 74.

Tytuł:

„Ta konfederacyja nie stała się contra Maiestatem…”. Postawa Jakuba Zygmunta Rybińskiego, wojewody chełmińskiego, w czasie konfederacji tarnogrodzkiej (1715–1717)
‘Ta konfederacyja nie stała się contra Maiestatem…’: The Attitude of Jakub Zygmunt Rybiński, Voivode of Chełmno, during the Tarnogród Confederation (1715–1717)

Autorzy:

Perłakowski, Adam

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059226.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-06-30

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

jakub zygmunt rybiński
tarnogród confederation
nobility
augustus ii the strong
house of wettin
polish-lithuanian commonwealth
eighteenth century

Opis:

The article aims to present the activity of the Voivode of Chełmno, Jakub Zygmunt Rybiński (d. 1725) during the Tarnogród Confederation (1715–1717). In the period when the movement of the nobility rebelled against the rule of the Saxon dynasty in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Rybiński commanded some of the troops that remained loyal to the king, and was involved in hit-and-run tactics against the Confederation’s forces. He did not show any remarkable military talents, as he suffered a defeat in the Battle of Wąchock on 30 November 1715. However, if the situation required it, he was able to oppose the Confederation using various political means, e.g. in the matter of suspending the judiciary. When analysing the collected primary sources, it can be concluded that among noblemen he enjoyed the reputation of a loyal servant to the king. At times this reputation proved to be a burden, when, for example, he received threats from radically anti-royal noblemen. However, in the most difficult period of the struggle between the nobility and the royal court, Jakub Zygmunt Rybiński did not abandon Augustus II, which did not mean that he fully and uncritically supported his political programme. He considered the king’s idea of radically strengthening the monarch’s power with the help of Saxon troops to be a mistake. He rightly predicted that it would cause indignation among noblemen. This was particularly evident in the period immediately preceding the outbreak of discontent in 1714 and early 1715. His attitude towards the Tarnogród Confederation evolved. Initially, he was a supporter of the armed suppression of the rebellion, but later he was increasingly inclined to resolve the conflict through negotiations.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2020, 85, 2; 33-65
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 75.

Tytuł:

Assessing the Contacts between Stefan Báthory and the Serbian Monks from Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos in the Light of a Sixteenth-Century Model Letter

Autorzy:

Dziadul, Paweł

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121459.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-08-08

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

the Serbian monks
Mount Athos
Hilandar
the Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
letter writing
Stefan Báthory

Opis:

The paper deals with contacts between Polish King and Lithuanian Grand Duke Stefan Báthory (1576–86) and the Serbian monks from Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos. The contacts are presented based on a model letter found in the letter-writing manual from the Hilandar Archive (no. 153). The monks asked Báthory for the introductory and travel letters for their journey to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where they would search for new benefactors [ktetors] and financial assistance from the Ruthenian Orthodox Christians. The model letter, supported by other written sources, also sheds light on the general characteristics of contacts with Catholic Polish-Lithuanian authorities and other rulers who mediated intercultural relations between the Ruthenian Orthodox Church and the Serbian (and Balkan in general) monastic milieus. These relations had a special significance for the group (confessional-cultural) identity of the Ruthenian Orthodox Christians and their tradition in the Counter-Reformation climate due to the proselytic policy and polemical attacks in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Źródło:

Acta Poloniae Historica; 2022, 125; 155-178
0001-6829

Pojawia się w:

Acta Poloniae Historica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 76.

Tytuł:

The Bishops of the Diocese of Vilnius and Lithuanian Domestic Politics in 1709–17: Attitudes, Problems, and Solutions

Autorzy:

Šapoka, Mindaugas

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121457.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-08-08

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Augustus II
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Vilnius bishopric
Lithuanian Catholic Church
Kazimierz Konstanty Brzostowski
eighteenth century
Confederation of Tarnogród
Confederation of Vilnius

Opis:

The article looks into the participation of the bishop ordinary of the diocese of Vilnius, Kazimierz Konstanty Brzostowski, and his suffragan, Maciej Józef Ancuta, in Lithuanian politics of the period between 1709 and 1717. The study has been based on the letters written by the bishops to the Lithuanian chancellor. It examines the bishops’ attitude towards Russian contributions, the taxation of Church estates, the arbitrary contributions raised by the Lithuanian army, the introduction of Saxon troops in 1713, the reaction to the king’s policies, and the attitude towards the nationwide uprising against the Saxon troops known as the confederations of Tarnogród and Vilnius. Finally, the bishops’ opinion on Russian mediation and the notorious Silent Sejm, where it was agreed that the liberum veto would be invalid. The bishops of the diocese of Vilnius were rather indifferent to the internal problems of Lithuania. They defended the immunity of the Church estates and disapproved of the introduction of Saxon troops. However, when the confederations were formed, they tried to manoeuvre between the noble and royal camps, not wanting to ruin their reputation on either side. The bishops often spoke on behalf of the diocesan clergy. Therefore, their adopted posture was often the expression of the opinion of the whole diocese’s clergy.

Źródło:

Acta Poloniae Historica; 2022, 125; 179-206
0001-6829

Pojawia się w:

Acta Poloniae Historica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 77.

Tytuł:

Between the Union of Lublin and the Mutual Pledge of the Two Nations: From the Union of Two States to the Commonwealth of Three Provinces

Autorzy:

Zakrzewski, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178393.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-12-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish Crown
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Union of Lublin
political system
law
changes of the political system

Opis:

The aim of the article is to present changes in the position of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania towards the Polish Crown within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1569–1791. The analysis was based on the transformation of both common (monarch, Sejm) and separate (central and local offices, judicial system and law) institutions in the context of economic, social and cultural changes of the era. Gradually, the Commonwealth was transforming into a state in which Lithuania was not so much one of its two parts – along with the Crown, but one of its three provinces – along with Lesser Poland and Greater Poland. It was, however, a special province since it had its own ministers, offices, courts, treasury and fiscal courts along with its own codification of political and private law. The rule introduced in 1673 that every third Sejm was to be held in Grodno, however, was rarely observed. The reasons for this change were: the smaller population of the Grand Duchy, its lower fiscal income along with the war damage and territorial losses suffered in the mid-17th century. This transformation was also facilitated by the fact that the Lithuanian political system and laws became increasingly similar to the Polish ones. Another factor was the slow creation of a sense of political community among nobles of both the Crown and Lithuania. This feeling was born not only out of the same rights and privileges, but also owing to the immigration of the Crown noblemen to the lands of the Grand Duchy and joining – by marriage – Lithuanian noble families, which was especially the case among magnate families. During this period, the common culture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth based on the Polish language – lingua franca of the whole state – was also created. Other languages also functioned in the Polish- -Lithuanian state, but Polish, enriched by Lithuanian, Ruthenian, Latin, German and Oriental elements, began to dominate. The Government Act of 3 May 1791 did not mention the Grand Duchy at all, but created a common government for the whole of Commonwealth – the Guard of Laws and Great Commissions. Mutual Pledge of the Two Nations, unanimously adopted on 20 October 1791, constituted an attempt to return to the dualism from the era of the Union of Lublin. This act granted Lithuanians half of the commissioners in the military and fiscal commissions and – in the future – in the police commission. Lithuania also retained separate ministers, offices, a separate treasury and tax judiciary. Thus, the gradual unification of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was still visible, while maintaining some separate aspects, which were important for Lithuanians, albeit secondary in the scale of the entire state. Nevertheless, this process was interrupted by the upcoming partitions.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 5-40
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 78.

Tytuł:

„Jędrna prawda o utuczonych wieprzach”. Miejsce i rola Gdańska w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w ocenie Władysława Konopczyńskiego

Autorzy:

Klassa, Barbara

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2042766.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-12-09

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Władysław Konopczyński
Gdańsk
historiografia polska
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
stosunki polsko-niemieckie
Polish historiography
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-German relations

Opis:

Artykuł poświęcony jest twórczości jednego z najwybitniejszych historyków polskich XX w., Władysława Konopczyńskiego (1880–1952). Autorka skupia się na kwestii postrzegania przez Konopczyńskiego roli Gdańska – najpotężniejszego miasta szlacheckiej Rzeczypospolitej, ambiwalentnie ocenianego przez historyka, który eksponując znaczenie dostępu do morza dla rozwoju państwa, podkreśla wagę współpracy gdańsko-polskiej, ale ostro krytykuje działania postrzegane jako przejawy egoizmu miasta.
This article is devoted to Władysław Konopczyński (1880–1952), one of the most distinguished Polish historians of the twentieth century, and his view of the role of Gdańsk – the most powerful city in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – in Poland’s history. The historian is shown to have held an ambivalent view of the city’s role in Polish history. Stressing the importance of Poland’s access to the sea and appreciating the city’s collaboration with the rest of the country, Konopczyński criticised what he considered to have been the symptoms of the city’s egoism.

Źródło:

Klio Polska. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Historiografii Polskiej; 2020, 12; 119-136
2450-8381
2450-8373

Pojawia się w:

Klio Polska. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Historiografii Polskiej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 79.

Tytuł:

Artykuł recenzyjny książki Jana Sowy Fantomowe ciało króla. Peryferyjne zmagania z nowoczesną formą, Universitas, Kraków 2012
Review of Jan Sowa’s book The Phantom Body of the King. Peripheral Struggles with Modern Form, Universitas, Cracow 2012

Autorzy:

Lewandowska-Malec, Izabela

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/926068.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Tematy:

monarchia absolutna
demokracja szlachecka
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
rozbiory
zacofanie
absolute monarchy
Nobles’ Democracy
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Partitions
underdevelopment

Opis:

The main thesis of the book reviewed is an assumption that Poland and other countries of East-Central Europe suffer from a chronic underdevelopment, whose sources the Author is trying to find in the past. The review focuses on one of the two main themes of the book, i.e., leaving out the economic issues, it concentrates on the politics. The Author sets out to claim that only those countries develop correctly which have experienced absolute monarchy in their history. Referring to the idea of Ernst Kantorowicz, Jan Sowa assumes that such a political system is the only guarantee of stability and continuity of a country: on the death of the “physical body” of the king, his “political body” continues to last. In Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, because of the elective character of the monarchy and the claims of the nobility to play the role of the sovereign, the “political body” disappeared, and the country turned out to be a “phantom body.” For the Author, this means an atrophy of the country following the death of the last Jagiellonian king, Sigismund II Augustus. Between 1572 and 1795 there is no Polish statehood, since the Author regards the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as only an “illusion.” Both the theories presented above and the sources used to prove their correctness raise substantial doubts. The Author confuses basic notions, identifying sovereignty with absolutism, and he makes basic historical mistakes, regarding the Jagiellons’ throne in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland as hereditary, and also assuming the factual decay of statehood as early as in 16th century, with its symbolic confirmation in 18th century. He finds the grounds for his theories in political theology and psychoanalysis, using historical and legal historical sources to a very limited extent.

Źródło:

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2013, 6, 3; 285-301
2084-4115
2084-4131

Pojawia się w:

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 80.

Tytuł:

Sejmiki powiatu wiłkomierskiego w latach 1781–1784
Sejmiks of Ukmergė District over the period of 1781–1784

Autorzy:

Filipczak, Witold

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059221.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-06-30

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

sejmiks
sejm
polish-lithuanian commonwealth
early modern parliamentarianism
ukmergė district
grand duchy of lithuania
permanent council
eighteenth century

Opis:

The article deals with the manner in which the sejmik of Ukmergė District, located in Vilnius Voivodeship functioned over the period of 1781–1784. The article discusses the preparations for, the course of the proceedings and the outcomes of each assembly in which the nobility of Ukmergė participated. As regards the analysed period, we have access to the information on the proceedings of nine sejmiks in Ukmergė: four deputational, two envoy, two administrative and one electoral assembly. The research was based on manuscript sources, namely correspondence, lists of candidates for deputies and resolutions of the sejmiks. The sejmiks in Ukmergė were not among the most numerous. The resolutions in the period under examination were signed by 21 to 45 participants. The driving force behind political life in the district were the Morykoni and Kościałkowski families, which had connections with the royal court. They played major roles as early as in the time when the Court Treasurer Antoni Tyzenhaus was a dominant figure. The local elites, headed by Benedict Morykoni, enjoyed considerable independence in personal matters, such as selection of people promoted for parliamentary and deputy functions. Despite their many ties with Vilnius Voivode Karol S. Radziwiłł, the sejmik leaders sometimes acted against his expectations. A relatively high degree of independence of politicians from Ukmergė was probably due to their personal ties with the leaders of Lithuanian advocates of strong royal rule (regalists), namely with Deputy Chancellor Joachim Chreptowicz, and earlier with Tyzenhaus.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2020, 85, 2; 67-93
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 81.

Tytuł:

Ivan Ivanovich Lappo’s Views on the Circumstances of Establishing the Union of Lublin in the Context of Pre-Revolutionary Russian Historiography

Autorzy:

Ambroziak, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178395.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-12-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Union of Lublin
Ivan Ivanovich Lappo
Russian historiography
history of historiography

Opis:

The aim of the article is to analyze the views of Ivan Ivanovich Lappo regarding the circumstances of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. The opinions of this historian were presented in the context of the views of Russian pre-revolutionary historiography, especially of such authors as Nikolay Gerasimovich Ustryalov, Mikhail Osipovich Koyalovich, Nikolay Alexeyevich Maksimieyko, Matvey Kuzmich Lyubavskiy and Fedor Ivanovich Leontovich. The article belongs to the vast area of studies on the history of historiography, the undertaking of which allows the assessment of the current scholarly achievements and research methodology, and thus making new research postulates. It should be noted that, despite some evolution, the fundamental assessment of the Union of Lublin in Russian pre-revolutionary historiography remained negative. However, the circumstances and reasons for its conclusion were perceived differently. Although the description of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin was not the main research goal for I. Lappo, he carried out a fairly detailed reconstruction of the Sejm of Lublin and the circumstances of the conclusion of the Polish-Lithuanian union in 1569. It seems that the aim of such a procedure was not only to explain the attitude of Lithuanians towards Poles and the legal relationship between the Grand Duchy and the Crown, but first of all to support of the historian’s fundamental thesis that, as a result of the Union of Lublin, the Grand Duchy did not lose its independence and distinctiveness. This historian not only reported the course of the Sejm of Lublin and the decision of the Act of the Union of July 1, but also confronted the views of Poles and Lithuanians concerning the conditions of the Union and the way it was concluded. According to him, the historical reality and the political system of the Grand Duchy until 1569 corresponded to the project of a union presented by Lithuanians. In his opinion, the aim of Poles was not to bring about real unification based on the principles of equality and fraternity, but to force Lithuanians to enter into a union through the implementation of old rights and privileges. In some parts of his research, however, the scholar differentiated between the radical attitude of the Chamber of Deputies of the Crown and the more conciliatory position of the Senate. The description of King Sigismund Augustus’s activities presented by I. Lappo turned out to be quite paradoxical and partly incoherent. On the one hand, the historian claimed that the monarch was under the influence of Poles and betrayed the Grand Duchy. On the other hand, he quoted a number of cases in which the king’s attitude contradicted this general opinion. Lappo’s general attitude towards the Union of Lublin remained negative. The historian clearly sympathized with Lithuanians, seeing Poles as merely caring for their own interests to the detriment of the Grand Duchy. The analysis of Lappo’s views made in this article shows that there are elements in his concepts that testify to the connection with the traditional narrative of Russian historiography, as well as new and original ideas.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 97-122
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 82.

Tytuł:

Terra Jesuitica Grodniensia, czyli o domach zakonnych zależnych od grodzieńskiego kolegium jezuickiego

Autorzy:

Liaushuk, Uladzimir

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/448759.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie

Tematy:

Society of Jesus
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
college
Terra Jesuitica Grodniensia
missions
Towarzystwo Jezusowe
Rzeczypospolita Obojga Narodów
kolegia
misje

Opis:

The history of the Jesuit college in Grodno has been presented in encyclopedic and tourist publications. Many issues have been developed by historians of architecture and culture. This allows one to refer to research in Russian, Belarusian and Polish without unnecessary repetition. This article presents the results of a study on the presence of the Society of Jesus on the border of present-day Lithuania, Poland and Belarus. Apart from the architectural ensemble of the Jesuit College in Grodno (Hrodna), other tangible traces of the cultural heritage of the Jesuits in this territory are poorly preserved. Therefore, the article outlines the history of the missions in Merecz, Urdomin and Rotnica (now Merkinė, Rudamina and Ratnyčia in Lithuania), Hołny (now Hołny Wolmera in Poland) and Kotra, Dziembrowo and Wołkowysk (now Kotra, Dembrov and Vawkavysk in Belarus). The development of these posts, dependent on the College in Grodno, was linked with important yet little-known events in the history of culture and education in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Currently, in many places, there is no object that would be associated with the presence of Jesuits, although nothing prevents one from using historical and cultural research results or integrating oneself to discover historical facts and artefacts in cultural objects that can be protected.
Dzieje kolegium jezuickiego w Grodnie są przedstawione w publikacjach encyklopedycznych i wydawnictwach turystycznych. Wiele zagadnień jest też opracowanych przez historyków architektury i kultury. Pozawala to bez zbędnych powtórzeń odwołać się do istniejących badań w języku rosyjskim, białoruskim i polskim. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad obecnością Towarzystwa Jezusowego na pograniczu dzisiejszej Litwy, Polski i Białorusi. Oprócz zespołu architektonicznego kolegium jezuickiego w Grodnie (Hrodna), inne namacalne ślady dziedzictwa kulturowego jezuitów na tym terenie są słabo zachowane. Dlatego w artykule opisano historię misji w Mereczu, Urdominie i Rotnicy (obecnie Merkinė, Rudamina i Ratnyčia na Litwie), w Hołnym (obecnie Hołny Wolmera w Polsce) oraz w Kotrze, Dziembrowie i Wołkowysku (obecnie Kotra, Dembrov i Vawkavysk na Białorusi). Rozwój tych misji zależnych od Kolegium w Grodnie związany był z ważnymi, choć mało znanymi wydarzeniami w historii kultury i edukacji w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Obecnie w wielu miejscowościach nie ma żadnego obiektu, który kojarzyłby się z obecnością jezuitów. Jednak nic nie stoi na przeszkodzie, aby wykorzystać wyniki badań historycznych i kulturowych, integrować odkryte fakty historyczne i artefakty w obiekty dziedzictwa kulturowego, które mają być chronione.

Źródło:

Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana; 2019, 22, 4
2450-5358
2450-5366

Pojawia się w:

Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 83.

Tytuł:

Aktywność polityczna mieszczaństwa Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w latach 1789–1792
Political Activity of the Bourgeoisie in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1789–1792

Autorzy:

Glemža, Liudas

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058022.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-03-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

towns
bourgeoisie
urban administration
self-government
political reforms
eighteenth century
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Great Sejm

Opis:

The reforms in the second half of the eighteenth century affected the cities and towns of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in various ways. After the reform of 1776, the majority of small towns in the Grand Duchy were deprived of the Magdeburg Law, while they retained the right to acquire landed estates. Apart from private towns, only 11 towns managed by territorial administrators – starosts – and belonging to the royal estates retained their privileged status. During the sessions of the Great Sejm (1788–1792), the discussions on the situation of Lithuanian towns were resumed. Representatives of towns that retained the Magdeburg Law, those which had lost it, and those striving for new rights and liberties were invited by the municipal authorities of the Old Town of Warsaw in order to submit their demands in the Sejm together with all the towns. The new town laws of 1791 laid the foundations for modern urban administration and prepared the grounds for burghers to fight for their rights and liberties, which was influenced by the municipal self-government institutions established under these laws. The question of the number of small Lithuanian towns which took advantage of this opportunity during one year (1791/1792) has already been considered in Lithuanian and Polish historiography. Until now, however, historians have usually limited themselves to indicating the number of issued self-government privileges (74), but this figure does not provide a full picture of the political activity of the Lithuanian bourgeoisie. The article identifies 130 small Lithuanian towns (excluding 11 towns which retained the Magdeburg Law) which actively participated in the political movement of the bourgeoisie in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and analyses the composition of this group of urban settlements.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 1; 57-84
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 84.

Tytuł:

Codzienne sprawy w kręgu dworu Marii z Kątskich Potockiej (zm. 1768). Zarys problemu na podstawie korespondencji kierowanej do starościny lwowskiej w latach 1765-1766
Day-to-day affairs at the court of Maria Kątska Potocka (d. 1768). Outline of the problem on the basis of correspondence addressed to the starostess of Lviv in the years 1765-1766

Autorzy:

Kicińska, Urszula

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175084.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-12-30

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie

Tematy:

dwór szlachecki
codzienność
kultura szlachecka
Rzeczpospolita
XVIII wiek
manor house
daily
noble culture
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
18th century

Opis:

Maria z Kątskich Potocka (1722-1768), starościna lwowska, to postać nietuzinkowa. Uznawana jest za prekursorkę polskiego oświecenia, bibliofilkę oraz mecenaskę sztuki. Dziedziczka ogromnej fortuny po Kątskich, Denhoffach i Szczukach, która stała się podstawą późniejszej potęgi ekonomicznej rodu Potockich. Była żoną Eustachego Potockiego (1720-1768), wraz z którym prowadziła rozległą działalność gospodarczą i patronacką. Wciąż jednak niewiele wiadomo na temat życia codziennego na dworze Potockiej. Stąd w artykule uwaga skupiona została na zaprezentowaniu jej aktywności, głównie w sferze zarządu nad rozległymi dobrami, wychowania i wykształcenia dzieci, czy też działalności fundatorskiej. Czynniki te kreowały jej codzienność.
Maria Potocka née Kątska (1722-1768), starostess of Lviv, is an extraordinary figure. She is considered a precursor of the Polish Enlightenment, a bibliophile, and an art patroness. She inherited a huge fortune of the Kątski, Denhoff, and Szczuka families, which became the foundation of the Potocki family’s later economic power. Together with her husband, Eustachy Potocki (1720-1768), she was engaged in large-scale business and patronage activities. Still, little is known about daily life at the Potocki manor. Therefore, the article focuses on presenting her activities, especially in the areas of managing her extensive estates, raising and educating her children, and charitable activities. These factors created her everyday life.

Źródło:

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2022, 29, 2; 162-177
1232-1575

Pojawia się w:

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 85.

Tytuł:

Etos polskiego hetmana na kartach rodzimych traktatów teoretycznych XVI wieku
The ethos of the Polish hetman as presented in domestic theoretical treatises from the 16th century

Autorzy:

Krasoń, Maksymilian Jan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53350859.pdf

Data publikacji:

2024-09-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

hetmans
ethos
Polish military thought
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
16th century
hetman
etos
polska myśl wojskowa
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
XVI wiek

Opis:

The author of this text proves that it is possible to reconstruct the hetman ethos on the basis of a group of sources such as works on topics related to the military. The form of the ethos is also justified by extra-source materials, which may be regarded as confirmation of its real value in research into the moral issues of the Polish nobility in the 16th century. The author submits this proposal for further discussion and possible revision. It is recommended to carry out in-depth research into the hetman ethos where other types of sources are employed, which may prove to be no less authoritative. The knowledge of the hetman ethos, also as an example of research into the world of values and the moral side of human activity in history, can be used in assessing the moral-ethical aspect of other social groups or professions, not necessarily related to the military. However, scholarly endeavours based on an analysis of all kinds of activities of Polish commanders in the First Republic using the hetman ethos will prove extremely important. In the course of the research, the emergence of new interpretations and assessments of issues may be expected, issues which to this day remain incomprehensible or seem to have been exhausted by research.

Źródło:

Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2024, 3(42); 99-126
2084-1213

Pojawia się w:

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 86.

Tytuł:

JĘZYKI PRAWA W PAŃSTWIE POLSKO-LITEWSKIM (OD XVI DO XVIII WIEKU) Z PERSPEKTYWY KOMUNIKACJI MIĘDZYKULTUROWEJ I PRAKTYK TRANSLATORSKICH
LANGUAGES OF THE LAW IN THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH (FROM XVI TO XVIII CENTURY) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND TRANSLATION PRACTICES

Autorzy:

SZCZEPANKOWSKA, Irena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/920111.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010-01-01

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

język prawa
komunikacja międzykulturowa
Polska-Litwa
historyczny
diachroniczne
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
legal language
Communication
diachronic reasearch
legal translation
historic

Opis:

W okresie od XVI do XVIII wieku Polska (wówczas Królestwo Polskie) była połączona unią polityczną z Litwą (tj. Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim), tworząc państwo nazywane „Rzeczpospolitą Obojga Narodów". W rzeczywistości państwo to jednoczyło na swoim terytorium wiele grup ludności o różnym statusie społecznym, narodowościowym i wyznaniowym; mówiących rozmaitymi językami. Społeczności te rządziły się zróżnicowanymi systemami prawa zwyczajowego oraz regulacjami pochodzącymi od feudalnych władców, zapisanymi w licznych „przywilejach‖ grupowych i indywidualnych. Podczas długiego procesu (zapoczątkowanego już w XIV wieku) tworzenia unii narodów oraz ewolucji ustroju politycznego, zmierzającej do ukonstytuowania tzw. republiki szlacheckiej, musiały ulec zniwelowaniu istotne odmienności lokalne w sferze kultury prawnej. Ważnym czynnikiem łagodzenia procesów unifikacji norm i instytucji prawnych oraz uzyskiwania dla nich społecznej akceptacji było jednakże respektowanie pewnych różnic kulturowych, a zwłaszcza przywiązania obywateli do określonego kodu językowego, w którym formułowano wypowiedzi oficjalne. Intensywne działania kodyfikacyjne wymagały szczególnej wrażliwości ze strony rządzących, a także kompetencji elit kulturalnych w rozwiązywaniu problemów natury komunikacyjnej i translatorskiej. Celem autorki jest przedstawienie tej skomplikowanej sytuacji językowej w kontekście kształtującej się wówczas – także pod wpływem ogólnoeuropejskich dążeń kodyfikacyjnych – kultury prawnej, która zakorzeniła się w świadomości i codziennej praktyce mieszkańców Rzeczpospolitej polskolitewskiej. Jest też fenomenem historycznym wartym zainteresowania z punktu widzenia współczesnych dążeń i problemów wielonarodowej wspólnoty europejskiej.
In the period from XVI to XVIII century Poland (the Kingdom of Poland at that time) was united with Lithuania (i.e. the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) by a political union, which formed a state named ― the Commonwealth of the Two Nations. In reality the country united numerous population groups of a variety of social, national and confession statuses; and speaking various languages. Those communities were governed by diverse common law systems and regulations originating from feudal rulers, provided in a large number of group and individual ―privileges‖.During the long period of creating the union of the nations and evolution of the political system, which aimed at constituting the so-called Nobles' Republic, significant local diversities in the area of legal culture, particularly in the political, economic and social dimension, had to be eliminated. A crucial factor in alleviating unification processes of legal standards and institutions and gaining social acceptance for them was, however, respecting certain cultural differences, and especially the attachment of the citizens to a particular language code, also in the official and legal sphere. The intensive codification activities required special sensitivity on the rulers' part, as well as thecompetence of cultural élites to solve problems of the communication and translation nature. The purpose of the Author is to present the complex language-related situation in the context of the legal culture forming at that time – also under the influence of Pan-European codification efforts – which became strongly entrenched in the consciousness and daily practice of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's citizens. It is also a historical phenomenon which deserves attention from the point of view of contemporary aims and problems of the multi-national European community.

Źródło:

Comparative Legilinguistics; 2010, 3, 1; 119-133
2080-5926
2391-4491

Pojawia się w:

Comparative Legilinguistics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 87.

Tytuł:

Widziane z plebanii. Świat i ludzie w diariuszach dwóch duchownych ewangelickich z Rzeczypospolitej przełomu XVII i XVIII wieku
Seen from the Clergy House. The World and the People in the Diaries of two Evangelical Clergymen from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Turn of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Autorzy:

Kriegseisen, Wojciech

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197827.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-03-31

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
religious relations
Protestantism
Calvinism
mentality
religious identity
egodocument
seventeenth century
eighteenth century

Opis:

In the research on the deteriorating relations between the Evangelical-Reformed (Calvinist) minority and the Catholic majority of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the problems of mutual perception of the representatives of these denominations, as well as the evaluation of the realities of life in an increasingly Catholic state by the representatives of the Evangelical minority have been investigated the least. Based on two diaries by Evangelical-Reformed clergymen, Gabriel Dyjakiewicz and Jan Krzysztof Kraiński, who were active in Podlasie and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the turn of the eighteenth century, the author attempts to present the image of the world as perceived and presented on the pages of these two egodocuments. After analysing the diary entries, it cannot be concluded that their authors found themselves in a social and communicative vacuum, although both of them noticed the progressive isolation of Evangelical circles. According to the records, it also appears that interfaith relations in the everyday life were not as bad as contemporary historical studies suggest. Both authors had a positive attitude towards the state, felt to be its citizens and patriots, combining a strong Evangelical religious identity with a sense of community with the society of the predominantly Catholic Polish Nobles’ Republic. Neither of the diaries reflects on the civilisational and cultural differences between the society of the north-eastern lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the world of Protestant Europe, known to both authors from their university studies.

Źródło:

Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 1; 63-89
0044-1791
2449-8637

Pojawia się w:

Zapiski Historyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 88.

Tytuł:

Listy Marcina Szyszkowskiego do Tomasza Zamoyskiego – źródła do spraw kozackich i tatarsko-tureckich (1623-1626)
Marcin Szyszkowski’s Letters to Tomasz Zamoyski – Cossack and Tartar-and-Turkish Cases (1623-1626)

Autorzy:

Milewski, Dariusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023696.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

źródło historyczne
korespondencja
stosunki polsko-osmańskie
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
historical source
correspondence
Poland-Ottoman relations
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

The first half of twenty years of 17th Century is a period of gradual normalization of Polish and Turkish relations after the Great War of 1620-1621. Challenging the issue of Zaporowscy Cossacks and their looting expeditions in the Black Sea effectively was regarded as the pre-condition of success for this normalization process. The Republic of Poland tried to achieve both targets by means of the mission of Priest Krzysztof Zbaraski to Stambul in the years of 1622-1623, and the commission, as well as the subsequent military encounter with the Cossacks in 1625. Members of political elites were also sometimes directly involved in achieving those targets. This article presents three letters from Cracow Bishop Marcin Szyszkowski to the Governor of Kiev Tomasz Zamoyski. The letters being kept in custody of Zamoyski Archive affiliated to the Central State Historical Archives in Warsaw. Those letters were written in the years of 1623-1626 and referred to political issues. Apart from the factual content, they allow to learn about the attitude of Senator Marcin Szyszkowski, being the clergyman, to the said political and military events. They also expose personal relations between magnates and politicians. Therefore the letters incorporate themselves into the research on military and political history as well as the philosophy of life and the position of people of the Church as far as public life is concerned in the Republic of Poland of 17th Century.  

Źródło:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2013, 100; 265-283
0518-3766
2545-3491

Pojawia się w:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 89.

Tytuł:

Dziecko w prawie staropolskim
The Child in the Old Polish Law

Autorzy:

Bednaruk, Waldemar

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22792462.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-06-30

Wydawca:

Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego

Tematy:

prawa dziecka
I Rzeczpospolita
kodyfikacja
zmiany w prawie
children’s rights
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
codification
changes in law

Opis:

Pozycję dziecka w polskim prawie i w rodzinie staropolskiej regulowały przede wszystkim normy prawa zwyczajowego. W analizowanym okresie nie dostrzegano potrzeby ingerowania we wzajemne relacje rodziców i dzieci, pozostawiając tym pierwszym prawo do decydowania o losie swojego potomstwa. Jedynie w niektórych przypadkach, gdy prawodawca uznał, iż w określonej sytuacji dobro dziecka musi być w sposób szczególny chronione, dostrzegamy działania zmierzające do zapewnienia mu niezbędnej ochrony. Prawami dziecka w większym stopniu zainteresowano się dopiero u schyłku I Rzeczypospolitej, jednak ze względu na sytuację polityczną w kraju nie udało się skutecznie przeprowadzić projektowanych rozwiązań.
The status of the child in the legal system and the family of old-time Poland was primarily regulated by the norms of common law. In the historical period in question, the need to interfere in the mutual relations of parents and children was not recognized, leaving to the former the right to decide on the fate of their offspring. Only in some cases, when the legislator recognized the need to protect the welfare of the child in a special way, do we see activities aimed at providing it with the necessary protection. The rights of children were not of much interest until at the end of the First Polish Republic, but due to the political situation in the country, the proposed solutions could not be effectively implemented.

Źródło:

Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego; 2019, 14, 16 (1); 7-16
2719-3128
2719-7336

Pojawia się w:

Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 90.

Tytuł:

Kilka uwag na temat zobowiązań finansowych Mołdawii wobec Rzeczypospolitej i Imperium Osmańskiego w latach 1595–1606 (1611)
Remarks on Moldavia’s financial obligations towards the Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1595–1606 [1611]

Autorzy:

Bobicescu, Cristian

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519704.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Moldavia
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Jeremy Mohyla
contribution
tribute
Ottoman Empire
Mołdawia
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Jeremi Mohyła
kontrybucja
trybut
Imperium Osmańskie

Opis:

Artykuł poświęcono relacjom finansowym Mołdawii z Imperium Osmańskim i Rzecząpospolitą Obojga Narodów za panowania Jeremiego Mohyły (1595–1606). Na wstępie zaprezentowano tezy polskiej i rumuńskiej historiografii na temat wielkości i sposobu opłacania trybutu, który Mołdawia musiała ponosić na rzecz Korony od 1600 r. Biorąc pod uwagę, że Mołdawia znajdowała się w sytuacji podwójnej zwierzchności (polskiej i osmańsko-tureckiej), konieczne było przedstawienie relacji finansowych, które państwo to utrzymywało z Imperium Osmańskim zarówno podczas panowania Jeremiego Mohyły, jak i w okresie wcześniejszym. W tej sytuacji polska dyplomacja próbowała całkowicie przejąć Mołdawię w swoją strefę albo przez zyskanie dla siebie całego trybutu, który Mołdawia miała wypłacić Porcie przez 30–40 lat, albo przynajmniej przez zmniejszenie jego wysokości (co byłoby równoznaczne z przyjęciem Mołdawii pod swoją ochronę w relacjach z Imperium Osmańskim). Te wszystkie działania pozostały jednak bezskuteczne na płaszczyźnie formalnej. Artykuł prezentuje fiskalne poczynania Korony wobec Mołdawii w latach 1595–1606, poddaje krytyce hipotezę polskiej historiografii co do rzekomego zmniejszenia kwoty 40 tys. czerwonych zł ustalonej w Conditie w 1600 r. do 15 tys. zł (obrachunkowych), a także dostarcza informacji zarówno na temat handlu orientalnego prowadzonego przez niektórych magnatów, jak również próby narzucenia stacji wojskowych w Mołdawii.
The article deals with the fiscal obligations of Moldavia towards the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of Jeremy Mohyla (1595–1606). First, the text presents the theses of Polish and Romanian historiography on the size and manner of the financial contribution that Moldavia had to pay to the Crown since 1600. Given that Moldavia was under a double suzerainty (Polish and Ottoman), it was necessary to present Moldavia’s fiscal relations with the Ottoman Empire under Jeremy Mohyla and during the previous period. As a consequence of these relations, the Polish diplomacy tried either to get Moldavia for itself or to reduce the tribute it owed to the Ottomans (which would be tantamount to taking Moldavia under its protection in the relations with the Ottoman Empire), or to obtain for itself the tribute which Moldavia was paying to the Ottomans for 30–40 years. All those steps remained formally unsuccessful. The article presents Poland’s fiscal actions towards Moldavia in 1595–1606, criticises the hypothesis of Polish historiography about the alleged reduction of 40,000 red złotys set in Conditie in 1600 to 15,000 złotys, provides information on the Oriental trade of some magnates, and also on the imposition of military obligations (stacja wojskowa) in Moldavia.

Źródło:

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych; 2022, 83, Spec.; 201-221
0080-3634

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 91.

Tytuł:

„W tej Rzeczypospolitej prawo królem, prawo senatorem, prawo szlachcicem”. Idea nadrzędności prawa i jej praktyczne konsekwencje w realiach staropolskiej przedkonstytucyjnej monarchii „mieszanej” (XVI–XVIII wiek)
“In this Commonwealth, the Law is a King, the Law is a Senator and the Law is a Nobleman”. The Rule of Law Principle and its Practical Consequences in the Reality of Old-Polish Pre-Constitutional Mixed Monarchy

Autorzy:

Kucharski, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927191.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-06-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

zasada rządów prawa
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
historia prawa
prezentyzm
rule of law principle
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
history of law
presentism

Opis:

Artykuł poświęcony jest problemowi używania współczesnej terminologii prawnej w badaniach naukowych dotyczących przednowoczesnego i przedkonstytucyjnego systemu prawnego. Główny przedmiot analizy to istnienie zasady rządów prawa w Rzeczpospolitej Polsko-Litewskiej między XVI a XVIII w. Autor stara się ustalić czy jest w ogóle usprawiedliwione odwoływanie się do współczesnej idei rządów prawa by opisać system rządów w Rzeczpospolitej? A jeśli tak, to jak tego dokonać by uniknąć prezentyzmu? Autor stara się sformułować zespół cech dotyczących zasady rządów prawa, które można by odnieść do Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów. Próbuje też ustalić zestaw warunków, które były konieczne do rozwoju idei rządów prawa w przednowoczesnej rzeczywistości.
The presented article is devoted to using present-day legal terminology in scientific research on pre-modern and pre-constitutional states’ legal systems. The main focus of analysis is the rule of law principle existence between the 16th and 18th centuries in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The author tries to establish whether this is even justified to use the modern idea of the rule of law to describe the Polish-Lithuanian pre-partitions political system? And, if so, how technically do that to avoid presentism? The author tries to formulate a set of features concerned with the rule of law principle applicable to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He also tries to determine the set of conditions necessary for the rule of law principle to blossom in pre-modern reality fully

Źródło:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2021, 3 (61); 63-78
2082-1212

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 92.

Tytuł:

Zmiany pozycji ordynatów nieświeskich w XVIII wieku

Autorzy:

Stroynowski, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1042539.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-04-30

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita XVIII wieku
Radziwiłłowie
Nieśwież
ordynacje
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of the 18th century
Radziwiłł family
Nieśwież (Nesvizh)
ordynacje (entails)

Opis:

Pozycja Radziwiłłów ordynatów na Nieświeżu wyrażała się w koligacjach, pełnionych urzędach, posiadanym majątku i wpływach politycznych. W celu określenia ich pozycji najistotniejsze jest przedstawienie ich wpływów politycznych, które zmieniały się w ciągu całego wieku. Tu omówiono zmiany pozycji trzech kolejnych ordynatów: kanclerza Karola Stanisława, hetmana Michała Kazimierza i wojewody Karola Stanisława, który zdobył największą popularność i pozycję polityczną.
The position of the Radziwiłł ordinats (principal heirs) of Nieśwież was expressed in affinities, offices, property and political influence. To determine their position, it is important to present their political influence, which has changed over the entire century. Here, the author discusses changes of the position of three successive ordinats: Chancellor Karol Stanisław, hetman Michał Kazimierz and voivode Karol Stanisław, who won the highest popularity and political position.

Źródło:

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2020, 19, 1; 103-131
1644-857X
2450-7660

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 93.

Tytuł:

Military Accounts of the Grand Lithuanian Hetman Paweł Jan Sapieha of the Years 1655–1662
Rachunki wojskowe hetmana wielkiego litewskiego Pawła Jana Sapiehy z lat 1655–1662

Autorzy:

Majewski, Andrzej Adam

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373928.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej

Tematy:

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Paweł Jan Sapieha
army
treasure
money
Rzeczpospolita
Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
wojsko
skarb
pieniądz

Opis:

Grand Lithuanian Hetman Paweł Jan Sapieha in 1655–1662, during the wars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with Moscow and Sweden, gave out of his own coffers 1,985,520 zlotys for military purposes. Most of the money was used for military hauls and the payment of wages. This was due to the reduction of tax revenues to the treasury, because large areas of the Polish-Lithuanian state were under Muscovite and Swedish occupation. The aim of this article is to analyze the military accounts of Paweł Jan Sapieha and their structure against a wide comparative background, i.e. accounts of other Lithuanian and Crown hetmans of the second half of the 17th century.
Hetman wielki litewski Paweł Jan Sapieha w latach 1655–1662, w okresie wojen Rzeczypospolitej z Moskwą i Szwecją, wydał z własnej szkatuły na cele wojskowe 1,985,520 złotych. Pieniądze te zostały w większości przeznaczone na zaciągi wojskowe i wypłatę żołdu. Było to spowodowane zmniejszeniem wpływów podatkowych do skarbu, ponieważ duże obszary państwa polsko-litewskiego znalazły się pod okupacją moskiewską i szwedzką. Celem artykułu jest analiza rachunków wojskowych Sapiehy i ich struktury na szerokim tle porównawczym, tzn. rachunków innych hetmanów litewskich i koronnych drugiej połowy XVII w.

Źródło:

Res Historica; 2020, 49; 567-587
2082-6060

Pojawia się w:

Res Historica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 94.

Tytuł:

Religia i religijność Polaków w obserwacjach francuskich podróżników w Rzeczypospolitej XVII wieku
Religion and Religiousness of Poles in Observations of French Travellers in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th Century

Autorzy:

Michalczuk, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635511.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

religion
religious tolerance
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century
foreigners in Poland
French people writing about Poland

Opis:

In the 17th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth became a country that French people liked to visit. Many of them left descriptions of the country which was different to their own in certain aspects. One of these aspects was Polish people’s religiousness and their attitude to nonCatholic religions. They were surprised at tolerance for people of another faith among the nobility and at the royal court, the co-existence of churches of different denominations and the lack of mutual aggression. On the other hand, they could see Polish people’s attachment to tradition and their original rites, at the same time pointing out their excessive demonstration of religious feelings, sometimes even bordering sanctimoniousness.

Źródło:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2016, 10
2084-3011

Pojawia się w:

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 95.

Tytuł:

Wzrost znaczenia roli sejmików ziemskich w dziedzinie wojskowości, polityki zagranicznej i skarbowości w XVI-XVIII wieku
The growing importance of the role of land assemblies in the field of military, foreign policy and treasury in the 16th-18th centuries

Autorzy:

Gałat, Paulina

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27177739.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
sejmiki ziemskie
Rzeczpospolita szlachecka
wojskowość
podatki
polityka zagraniczna
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
sejmiks
First Polish Republic
military
taxes
foreign policy

Opis:

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie wzrastającej roli sejmików ziemskich w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów na przykładzie wybranych dziedzin. Przemiany te były ściśle powiązane z kryzysem funkcjonowania całego państwa, a zwłaszcza władzy ustawodawczej – Sejmu. W drugiej połowie XVII i w pierwszej połowie XVIII wieku sejmiki przejmowały uprawnienia władzy centralnej. Złota era ich rządów przypada na drugą połowę XVII wieku, w tym czasie upowszechniło się również zbieranie sejmików z limity, co pozwoliło im na uniezależnienie się zarówno od sejmu, jak i od króla. Poszczególne ziemie/województwa coraz bardziej samodzielnie zaczęły decydować o sprawach takich, jak: wojskowość, finanse (podatki) czy polityka zagraniczna. Naturalnym następstwem tego był więc rozrost organów wykonawczych sejmików. Wszystko to prowadziło do postępującej decentralizacji państwa, która pozostawała w ścisłym związku z przejściem od demokracji szlacheckiej do oligarchii magnackiej.
The aim of this paper is to present the growing role of the land assemblies in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth on the basis of selected areas. These changes were closely related to the crisis in the functioning of the entire state, especially the legislative authority – the Sejm. In the second half of the 17th century and in the first half of the 18th century, sejmiks took over the powers of the central government. The golden era of their rule falls on the second half of the 17th century, and at that time the collection of sejmiks from the quota became popular, which allowed them to become independent from both the Sejm and the king. Particular lands / voivodships began to decide more and more independently on matters such as: military, finance (taxes) or foreign policy. The natural consequence of this was the expansion of the executive bodies of the sejmiks. All this led to the progressive decentralization of the state, which was closely related to the transition from noble democracy to magnate oligarchy.

Źródło:

Officina Historiae; 2021, 4, 1; 15-31
2545-0905

Pojawia się w:

Officina Historiae

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 96.

Tytuł:

Czy badania pamięci rodziny mogą rozświetlić mroki genealogii? Nowe spojrzenie na pochodzenie książąt Czartoryskich
Can family memory research illuminate the darkness of genealogy? A new look at the origin of the Czartoryski Princes

Autorzy:

Rogulski, Jakub

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29520816.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

genealogia
pamięć
świadomość genealogiczna
kniaziowie litewsko-ruscy
elity władzy
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
genealogy
memory
genealogical consciousness
Lithuanian-Ruthenian knyazi
power elites
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Opis:

Artykuł poświęcony jest kwestii pochodzenia książąt Czartoryskich. Problem ten jest od dawna przedmiotem dyskusji w historiografii, mimo to wciąż nie może zostać uznany za rozstrzygnięty. Wobec ostatnich prac negujących Olgierdowe korzenie Czartoryskich, Autor proponuje nowe spojrzenie na rodowód rodziny, próbując rozświetlić problem jej pochodzenia na podstawie krytycznego rozbioru przekonań funkcjonujących w pamięci i tradycji familii w epoce staropolskiej. Przeprowadzona w tekście analiza, rozpatrująca w porządku retrogresywnym tradycję rodzinną Czartoryskich XVII i XVIII w., pamięć zbiorową familii w XVI w. i wreszcie przekaz kluczowego dla badanej kwestii dokumentu Władysława III Jagiellończyka z 1442 r. dostarczają argumentów potwierdzających Olgierdowy rodowód książąt.
The article deals with the question of the origin of the Princes Czartoryski. This problem has long been discussed in historiography, yet it still cannot be regarded as resolved. In response to the recent studies denying the Algirdas (Olgierd) roots of the Czartoryskis, the author proposes a new look at the family lineage, attempting to illuminate the problem of the Czartoryskis’ origin based on a critical examination of beliefs functioning in the memory and tradition of the family in the Old-Polish period. The analysis, scrutinising in retrogressive order the Czartoryski family tradition of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the collective memory of the family in the sixteenth century, and finally, the message of a 1442 document by King Władysław III Jagiellon, which is critical to the issue under examination, provides arguments supporting the Algirdas lineage of the princes.

Źródło:

Studia Źródłoznawcze. Commentationes; 2023, 61; 59-78
0081-7147

Pojawia się w:

Studia Źródłoznawcze. Commentationes

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 97.

Tytuł:

Zdzisław Gębołyś, Bibliografia druków w języku polskim wydanych na Litwie od 1944 do 2014 roku, Sosnowiec-Wilno 2015, Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Naukowców Polaków Litwy, ISBN 978-83-65259-00-4

Autorzy:

Warząchowska, Bogumiła

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1019758.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016-06-01

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

bibliografia
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
II wojna światowa
historia
okres międzywojenny
Litwa
bibliography
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
World War II
history
interwar period
Lithuanian

Źródło:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2016, 106; 435-438
0518-3766
2545-3491

Pojawia się w:

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 98.

Tytuł:

Kryzys, rozpad i odrodzenie I Rzeczypospolitej w okresie II wojny północnej (1655–1660)

Autorzy:

Opaliński, Edward

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601936.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
potop szwedzki
kryzys
traktat w Radnot
wojna
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Swedish Deluge
crisis
Treaty of Radnot
war

Opis:

Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów przeszła w połowie XVII stulecia głęboki wielostronny kryzys: demograficzny, gospodarczy, polityczny i militarny. Doprowadził on do rozpadu państwa w 1655 r., a następnie do próby jego podziału w grudniu 1656, określanej często jako próba pierwszego rozbioru Polski. Przełamanie kryzysu umożliwił wciąż duży potencjał państwa i przezwyciężenie załamania moralnego społeczeństwa oraz brak zgody Tatarów, Moskwy, Habsburgów i Danii na rozbiór Rzeczypospolitej.In the mid-seventeenth century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was hit by a severe and multi-dimensional crisis: demographic, economic, political and military. It led to the collapse of the state in 1655, and then to the attempt at its division in December 1656, often referred to as an attempt at its first partition. This, however, was prevented by still considerable potential of the state, which made it possible to defuse the crisis and overcome the moral breakdown of society, as well as the lack of consent to the partition by the Tatars, Moscow, the Habsburgs, and Denmark.

Źródło:

Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2018, 125, 2
0023-5903

Pojawia się w:

Kwartalnik Historyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 99.

Tytuł:

„To jest owczarnia onego Dobrego Pasterza”. Pojęcie „prawdziwego” Kościoła w polskich szesnastowiecznych katechizmach

Autorzy:

Kowalski, Waldemar

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/602800.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

church
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
catechism
religious teaching
Reformation
Trent reform
Kościół
polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita
katechizm
nauczanie religijne
reformacja
reforma trydencka

Opis:

The article discusses how the notion of the Church was understood and explained by authors of sixteenth-century Polish Catholic and Evangelical catechisms. Teaching of the constitution of a church was a basic pastoral duty and part of the rudimentary knowledge provided to the faithful.Six Catholic catechisms of the years 1553 to 1600 and thirteen Evangelical ones, which were published between 1543 and 1609, constitute the main source base, the latter manuals being penned under the influence of Luther, Melanchthon as well as South-German and Swiss theologians. Following the Tridentine programme, the Catholic authors present their Church as unified under the Pope’s authority and the only inheritor of the works of the Apostles. The veracity of its teaching is testified to with God’s unnatural interventions. The Protestant authors explain the basically coherent, relevant ideas of the Reformation’s protagonists. They teach about “the visible and outward Church”, which is manifested by all those congregations that are fed by God’s pure Word, and where the sacraments are duly administered. There is also “the inward and invisible Church”, which the faithful confess in the Credo. It comprises all disciples of Christ, who is the only head of His Church. Thus the teaching on the Church presented in the Evangelical sources that are employed belongs to the mainstream of sixteenth-century Protestantism and aptly illustrates the reception of Evangelical theologies in the Kingdom of Poland and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the analysed sources, arguments for the veracity of Church are always supplemented with the refutation of contradictory standpoints through reference to the Bible and the Church Fathers, mostly to Augustine.Despite strong polemical tone, the Biblical grounds of the Church could contribute to communication and understanding between Christians of antagonistic denominations, and this could sometimes result in conversion. The explanation of ecclesiological rudiments was easier for Catholic clergy, who referred to tradition and emotions, while Evangelical pastors could not ignore the abstract concepts of the “veracity” and “spiritual connectedness” of Christians, which were more difficult to render to the laity.
Artykuł ukazuje, jak pojmowali i tłumaczyli pojęcie Kościoła autorzy polskich katolickich i ewangelickich katechizmów XVI w. Zgodnie z programem Trydentu Kościół katolicki przedstawiany jest jako kontynuator nauki apostołów, silny autorytetem papieża, następcy Piotra, oraz jednością wiary, o której prawdziwości przekonują cuda. Teolodzy protestanccy uczą o kościele widzialnym, który istnieje wszędzie tam, gdzie przepowiadane jest czyste Słowo Boże, sakramenty administrowane są zaś zgodnie z Ewangelią. Razem z Kościołem widzialnym istnieje Kościół powszechny niewidzialny. Łączy on wszystkich idących za Chrystusem, który jest jedyną głową swego Kościoła.The paper focuses on the way in which the authors of Polish Catholic and Evangelical catechisms of the 16th century understood and explained of the idea of the Church. According to the decrees of the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church was presented as the continuator of the teachings of the Apostles, with its power deriving from the authority of the Pope, the successor of Peter, and unity of faith confirmed by miracles. Protestant theologists preach about the visible church, which exists wherever the pure Word of God is preached, and claim that sacraments are administered in accordance with the Gospel. The universal invisible Church exists alongside the visible Church. It connects every person following the Christ, who is the only head of his Church.

Źródło:

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2016, 60
0029-8514

Pojawia się w:

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 100.

Tytuł:

Między semantyką historyczną a kontekstem społecznym epoki – o języku politycznym szlachty Rzeczypospolitej

Autorzy:

Orzeł, Joanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050930.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-12-03

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie

Tematy:

Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
szlachta
język polityczny
kultura polityczna
szkoła Cambridge
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
nobility
political language
political culture
Cambridge school

Opis:

Monografia Dyskurs polityczny Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Pojęcia i idee Anny Grześkowiak-Krwawicz skupia się na języku uczestników debaty politycznej, czyli szlachty, od czasów renesansu do upadku Rzeczypospolitej. Punkt ciężkości został położony nie tyle na zmianie znaczeń najpopularniejszych pojęć, ile na wartościach, które za tymi pojęciami były ukryte. Autorka, zwracając uwagę głównie na kontekst społeczny wypowiedzi, skłania do refleksji nad niuansami w pojęciach używanych przez szlachtę w czasach Rzeczypospolitej oraz przez współczesnych badaczy wykorzystujących te pojęcia do opisu tego okresu dziejów.
The book Dyskurs polityczny Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Pojęcia i idee (Political Discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Concepts and Ideas) by Anna Grześkowiak-Krwawicz deals with the language of the participants in discussions about politics among the Commonwealth’s noble citizens, from the Renaissance until the fall of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The focus is not so much on changes in the meanings of the most popular concepts as on the values that were hidden behind them. By drawing attention mainly to the social context of the statements, the book stimulates reflection on the nuances in the terms used by the nobility and by contemporary researchers using these terms to describe this period in history.

Źródło:

Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2021, 128, 3; 813-829
0023-5903

Pojawia się w:

Kwartalnik Historyczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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