Komunikatywna efektywność uniwersałów królewskich w ostatnim trzydziestoleciu XVII w. (na podstawie ksiąg relacyjnych grodzkich województwa ruskiego)

Royal universal was an official document, which was used for mass communication in the early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The document was an answer to the informative needs, which early modern polish society had. The level of communicative efficiency of the royal universal was significant. Royal universal is researched as mass communication tool at the paper. The purpose of the paper is to determine the level of communicative efficiency of the royal universal for the early modern polish society. For this the author found the elements of communicative efficiency of the document and applied them to the royal universales. As a result the author writes about significant, but not perfect, level of communicative efficiency of the royal universal. Technical elements of communicative efficiency of the royal universal had not always been used. Besides that, early modern polish society (especially nobility) did not comply with all orders, which were in the royal universales.