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Tytuł:
Weighted integral inequalities related to Wirtinger’s result for p-norms with applications
Autorzy:
Dragomir, Silvestru Sever
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Wirtinger’s inequality
trapezoid inequality
Gruss’ inequality
Jensen’s inequality
Opis:
In this paper we establish several natural consequences of some Wirtinger type integral inequalities for p-norms. The corresponding weighted versions and applications related to the weighted trapezoid inequalities, to weighted Gruss’ type inequalities and reverses of Jensen’s inequality are also provided.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2021, 75, 1; 37-51
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
People’s Evaluations of Income Inequality and the Gini Coefficient Different in Details, Similar in Patterns
Autorzy:
Jancewicz, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-22
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
income inequality
inequality
transfer principle
inequality perception
multidimensional scaling
Opis:
Recent studies suggest that the Gini coefficient’s and people’s evaluations of income inequality differ. Thus, we risk adopting policies that decrease the coefficient but not the inequality people see. This article argues that the coefficient does reflect people’s perception of inequality, at least in relation to the criticised Pigou-Dalton Transfer Principle stating that inequality falls whenever a person with higher income gives a small part of it to a person with lower income. Results from a questionnaire experiment where 105 WUT students evaluated inequality of different income distributions confirm that answers strictly following the principle are rare (around 3% of the sample). However, the average correlation between respondents’ and Gini’s evaluations was relatively high (0.693). Furthermore, when respondents’ evaluations were averaged, the correlation jumped to 0.954. An MDS analysis confirms that while these evaluations differed in details, the pattern common to respondents’ evaluations was in line with the Gini coefficient.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2019, 207, 3; 289-304
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On new multiple extension of Hilbert’s integral inequality (2)
Autorzy:
Sulaiman, W.T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/745879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Inequalities
Hilbert inequality
Holder inequality
Opis:
Via Laplace transformation some new generalization of Hardy-Hilbert’s integral inequality is given.
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2007, 47, 1
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On new multiple extension of Hilbert’s integral inequality
Autorzy:
Sulaiman, Waadallah Tawfeeq
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/746566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Inequalities
Hilbert inequality
Holder inequality
Opis:
This paper gives a new multiple extension of Hilbert’s integral inequality generalizing many known results.
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2006, 46, 2
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wzrost gospodarczy a optymalne zróżnicowanie dochodów w USA i Szwecji
Economic Growth and the Optimal Inequality of Income in the US and Sweden
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Witold
Sztaudynger, Jan Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
income inequality
economic growth
optimal inequality
Opis:
Inequality of incomes is one of the significant factors forming the social capital. Two views dominate among economists dealing with the influence of inequality of income on economic growth. On the one hand, a too low inequality of income does not motivate people to increase the labour productivity. A low inequality of income might result from an extended social care system and overloading GDP with social transfers. A good example of it may be a situation when the unemployed refuses to accept a job offer and prefers the unemployment benefit rather to a slightly higher salary. Moreover, a lack of incentives for the employee who fails to acknowledge the economic sense of increasing the productivity of his work might lead to the slower growth of economy. On the other hand, a contrary view suggests that an increase of the inequality of income has a negative impact on the economy. The accumulation of wealth by a small number of citizens raises doubts about good use of that wealth for investments necessary for the growth of the economy. An excessive inequality of income is confronted with disapproval of the significant part of society and regarded as unfair and unjustified. It may also increase the crime level and decrease the trust and, more generally, lead to the weakening of social capital. The arguments above lead to a hypothesis that the influence of the inequality of income on the growth of the economy has a non-linear character. We confirmed this hypothesis in growth models of the US and Swedish economies. We assess the historically optimal inequality of income measured by the Gini coefficient at 46% and 24% for the US and Sweden respectively. The optimal inequality of income in Poland was assessed previously at 29%. The dissimilarities may result from the cultural differences, educational level differences, ethnic differences and differences in diligence.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
General Lebesgue integral inequalities of Jensen and Ostrowski type for differentiable functions whose derivatives in absolute value are h-convex and applications
Autorzy:
Dragomir, Sever
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Ostrowski's inequality
Jensen's inequality
f-divergence measures.
Opis:
Some inequalities related to Jensen and Ostrowski inequalities for general Lebesgue integral of differentiable functions whose derivatives in absolute value are h-convex are obtained. Applications for f-divergence measure are provided as well.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2015, 69, 2
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic growth and the optimal inequality of income
Autorzy:
Sztaudynger, Jan Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
income inequality
economic growth
optimal inequality
Opis:
Inequality of income is one of the significant factors forming social capital. Two views dominate among economists dealing with the influence of income inequality on economic growth. On the one hand, a too low level of income inequality does not motivate people to increase their labour productivity. Low inequality of income might result from an extended social care system and a GDP burdened with social transfers. A good example may be a situation when an unemployed person refuses to accept a job offer and prefers unemployment benefits to a slightly higher salary. Moreover, a lack of incentives for an employee who fails to acknowledge the economic sense of increasing the productivity of his or her work might lead to a slower growth of the economy. On the other hand, a contrary view suggests that an increase in inequality of income has a negative impact on the economy. The accumulation of wealth by a small number of citizens raises doubts about the good use of that wealth for the investments necessary for the growth of the economy. Excessive inequality of income is confronted with the disapproval of a significant part of society and is regarded as unfair and unjustified. It may also increase the crime rate, decrease trust and, more generally, lead to the weakening of social capital. The arguments presented above lead to the hypothesis that the influence of income inequality on the growth of the economy has a non-linear, parabolic character. We have confirmed this hypothesis in growth models of the US and Swedish economies. We assess the historically optimal inequality of income measured by the Gini coefficient at 46% and 24% for the US and Sweden, respectively. The optimal inequality of income for Poland was assessed previously at 29%. The dissimilarities may result from differences in culture, society, educational level and diligence.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 8; 89-99
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gender differences in income distributions in Poland
Różnice w rozkładach dochodów kobiet i mężczyzn w Polsce
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-13
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
nierówności dochodowe
nierówność płci
income inequality
gender inequality
Opis:
The paper presents results of a descriptive analysis of income distributions as well as top income inequality among women and men in Poland. The analysis is based on the dataset provided by the Council for Social Monitoring (2019). Throughout 2003–2015 their panel survey included, for example, a question on individual net monthly income in the past three months. In order to reduce differences associated with the age of entering and exiting the labour market on declared income levels (especially pensions), the calculations include only women and men aged 25–60 years. The analysis of income distributions of women and men in Poland is based on standard measures such as mean income, median income and related measures, as well as the Gini coefficient, Theil index and entropy index. It is supplemented by kernel density estimates and results of simultaneous quantile regressions that demonstrate differences between women and men across income groups. The analysis of top income inequality includes comparisons of subsamples consisting of top 3% earners in each group. The share of women in the top percentiles is then calculated and discussed. The analysis shows different dynamics related to the incomes of women and men, which provides support for including business cycle considerations in the analysis of income inequalities and their gender aspects.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy opisowej rozkładów dochodów kobiet i mężczyzn w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nierówności w grupie osób o najwyższych dochodach. Analizę oparto o bazę danych opracowaną przez Radę Monitoringu Społecznego (w ramach projektu Diagnoza Społeczna). W latach 2003–2015 jedno z pytań zadawanych respondentom dotyczyło indywidualnego miesięcznego dochodu netto z ostatnich trzech miesięcy. W celu zmniejszenia wpływu różnic związanych z momentem wchodzenia na rynek pracy i przechodzenia na emeryturę analizę ograniczono do osób w wieku 25–60 lat. W analizie rozkładów dochodów kobiet i mężczyzn w Polsce wykorzystano m.in. standardowe miary, takie jak średni dochód lub mediana dochodu oraz wskaźniki oparte na tych miarach, jak również współczynniki Giniego, Theila oraz entropii. Poza tym wykorzystano jądrowe estymatory gęstości i przedstawiono wyniki estymacji regresji kwantylowej pokazującej różnice dochodowe między kobietami i mężczyznami w różnych grupach dochodowych. Następnie dokonano porównania między podpróbami kobiet i mężczyzn uzyskujących najwyższe dochody (przyjęto próg 3% dla każdej płci). Przedstawiono również udział kobiet w grupie osób o najwyższych dochodach. Przeprowadzona analiza ujawniła m.in. zróżnicowanie dynamiki dochodów kobiet i mężczyzn, co stanowi argument za uwzględnieniem w analizie nierówności dochodowych także czynników cyklicznych, które mogą odmiennie oddziaływać na obie płci.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2020, 63; 210-232
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generalized perturbed Ostrowski-type inequalities
Autorzy:
Bohner, Martin
Khan, Asif
Khan, Maria
Mehmood, Faraz
Shaikh, Muhammad Awais
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Ostrowski’s inequality
perturbed inequality
twice differentiable
Opis:
In this paper, we present new perturbed inequalities of Ostrowski-type, for twice differentiable functions with absolutely continuous first derivative and second-order derivative in some \(L^p\)-space for \(1\leq p\leq \infty\).
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2021, 75, 2; 13-29
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimating the parameter of inequality aversion on the basis of a parametric distribution of incomes
Autorzy:
Kot, Stanislaw Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
income inequality
inequality aversion
estimation
income distribution
Opis:
Research background: In applied welfare economics, the constant relative inequality aversion function is routinely used as the model of a social decisionmaker?s or a society?s preferences over income distributions. This function is entirely determined by the parameter, ?, of inequality aversion. However, there is no authoritative answer to the question of what the range of ? an analyst should select for empirical work. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is elaborating the method of deriving ? from a parametric distribution of disposable incomes. Methods: We assume that households? disposable incomes obey the generalised beta distribution of the second kind GB2(a,b,p,q). We have proved that, under this assumption, the social welfare function exists if and only if ? belongs to (0,ap+1) interval. The midpoint ?mid of this interval specifies the inequality aversion of the median social-decisionmaker. Findings & Value added: The maximum likelihood estimator of ?mid has been developed. Inequality aversion for Poland 1998?2015 has been estimated. If inequality is calculated on the basis of disposable incomes, the standard inequality?development relationship might be complemented by inequality aversion. The ?augmented? inequality?development relationship reveals new phenomena; for instance, the stage of economic development might matter when assessing the impact of inequality aversion on income inequality.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2020, 15, 3; 391-417
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On discontinuous quasi-variational inequalities
Autorzy:
Chu, Liang-Ju
Lin, Ching-Yang
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
variational inequality
quasi-variatioal inequality
Ricceri's conjecture
Karamardian condition
Hausdorff continuous multifunction
Kneser's minimax inequality
Opis:
In this paper, we derive a general theorem concerning the quasi-variational inequality problem: find x̅ ∈ C and y̅ ∈ T(x̅) such that x̅ ∈ S(x̅) and
⟨y̅,z-x̅⟩ ≥ 0, ∀ z ∈ S(x̅),
where C,D are two closed convex subsets of a normed linear space X with dual X*, and $T:X → 2^{X*}$ and $S:C → 2^D$ are multifunctions. In fact, we extend the above to an existence result proposed by Ricceri [12] for the case where the multifunction T is required only to satisfy some general assumption without any continuity. Under a kind of Karmardian's condition, we give a partial affirmative answer to an unbounded quasi-variational inequality problem.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization; 2007, 27, 2; 199-212
1509-9407
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reverse and improved inequalities for operator monotone functions
Autorzy:
Dragomir, Sever
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Operator monotone functions
Lowner-Heinz inequality
logarithmic operator inequality
Opis:
In this paper we provide several refinements and reverse operator inequalities for operator monotone functions in Hilbert spaces. We also obtain refinements and a reverse of Lowner-Heinz celebrated inequality that holds in the case of power function.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2020, 74, 2; 19-29
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jensen and Ostrowski type inequalities for general Lebesgue integral with applications
Autorzy:
Dragomir, Sever
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Ostrowski’s inequality
Jensen’s inequality
f-divergence measures
Opis:
Some inequalities related to Jensen and Ostrowski inequalities for general Lebesgue integral are obtained. Applications for f-divergence measure are provided as well.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2016, 70, 2
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spaces defined by the level function and their duals
Autorzy:
Sinnamon, Gord
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1290183.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
function spaces
Hölder's inequality
Hardy's inequality
dual spaces
Opis:
The classical level function construction of Halperin and Lorentz is extended to Lebesgue spaces with general measures. The construction is also carried farther. In particular, the level function is considered as a monotone map on its natural domain, a superspace of $L^p$. These domains are shown to be Banach spaces which, although closely tied to $L^p$ spaces, are not reflexive. A related construction is given which characterizes their dual spaces.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1994, 111, 1; 19-52
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O pewnej implikacji
Autorzy:
Górowski, Jan
Łomnicki, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-07-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
homographic function
inequality
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to show how the process of provinga theorem in different ways or proving generalized versions of the theorem,after learning one its proofs, influences the development of the skills of provingtheorems and analysing proofs by the students of mathematics. Toillustrate this process we use an elementary theorem about numbers and itsgeneralizations, giving fourteen proofs. Proving theorems we use methodsand facts which are available to high school students.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia; 2016, 8; 77-86
2080-9751
2450-341X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Income inequalities: axioms of income inequality measures and peoples perceptions
Autorzy:
Jancewicz, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1198719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Income Inequality
Inequality Axioms
Questionnaire Experiments
Transfer Principle
Population Symmetry
Opis:
Studies show that people perceive income inequality differently than most popular income inequality measures and axioms (postulated properties of inequality) indicate. This article synthesizes and reviews different results on income inequality perception. It presents basic income inequality axioms and analyses the level of support found in multiple studies. The paper shows that while answers to particular questions seldom perfectly agree with income inequality measures, the general pattern of respondents' answers is strongly correlated with these measures. It also argues that the observed differences can be partially explained by following Amartya Sen’s suggestion that income inequality is a multidimensional concept (1973, p. 48).
Źródło:
Decyzje; 2016, 25; 21-42
1733-0092
2391-761X
Pojawia się w:
Decyzje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional Income Inequalities In Poland And Italy / Rozkład Nierówności Według Regionów w Polsce i We Włoszech
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczak, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
income inequality
poverty
inequality decomposition
nierówność dochodu
ubóstwo
rozkład nierówności
Opis:
Reducing regional inequality was one of the key means of promoting the “harmonious development” within Europe envisioned in the EEC Treaty of 1957. The pursuit of “economic, social and territorial cohesion” through ever closer regional and national harmonisation was also proclaimed in the 2007 Lisbon Treaty, but deepening European integration has not always been matched with convergence in living standards between sub-national regions. The gap between poorer and richer areas increased during the last economic crisis even in some developed economies, and the income discrepancy between richer and poorer regions is likely to widen further as government-spending cuts disproportionately hurt less prosperous regions. Regional inequalities can be measured in many ways - the extent of inequality may be mapped in terms of demography, income and wealth, labour markets, and education and skills. The main objective of this presentation is to analyse regional inequalities in terms of household income distribution. The empirical evidence comes from the GUS, Istat and Bank of Italy databases and has been analysed by means of inequality and poverty indices calculated at NUTS 1 and NUTS 2 levels. In order to work out the intraregional and inter- regional contributions to the overall inequality, the Gini index decomposition has been applied. While presenting similar levels of income concentration, Poland and Italy turned out to follow different regional inequality patterns.
Redukcja różnic między regionami Europy była głównym celem polityki “zrównoważonego rozwoju”, której założenia znalazły się już w tzw. Traktatach Rzymskich (1957). Postępujący proces integracji europejskiej tworzył wciąż nowe instrumenty i inicjatywy (tzw. mechanizmy solidarności), wyrażające dążenie do niwelowania ekonomicznej i społecznej nierównowagi między regionami. Okazało się jednak, że różnice między regionami biednymi i bogatymi w wielu krajach wcale się nie zmniejszają, a spowolnienie gospodarcze spowodowało odwrócenie pozytywnych tendencji nawet w krajach relatywnie najbardziej rozwiniętych. Różnice między regionami (NUTS -Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) można mierzyć z punktu widzenia rozwoju demograficznego, poziomu dochodów i zamożności, sytuacji na rynku pracy, edukacji itp. Głównym celem prezentacji jest analiza porównawcza różnic regionalnych w Polsce i we Włoszech, biorąc pod uwagę rozkłady dochodów gospodarstw domowych.Parametry tych rozkładów, a w szczególności miary nierówności i ubóstwa, oszacowane zostały dla jednostek terytorialnych na poziomie NUTS 1 i NUTS 2 na podstawie danych pochodzących z badań reprezentacyjnych prowadzonych przez GUS, Istat oraz Bank of Italy. Przeprowadzono następnie analizę wpływu różnic między regionami oraz różnic wewnątrz regionów na całkowitą nierównomierność rozkładu dochodów w każdym z analizowanych krajów, wykorzystując do tego celu dekompozycję współczynnika Giniego według podpopulacji. Pozwoliło to na wykrycie istotnych różnic w rozkładzie nierówności dochodowych w Polsce i we Włoszech, mimo zbliżonego poziomu współczynnika Giniego.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2015, 18, 4; 27-45
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional inequalities within the Visegrad group over the years 2000–2018
Autorzy:
Neszmélyi, György Iván
Vinogradov, Sergey
Nagy, Henrietta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130141.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
regional inequality
national-level inequality
Visegrad group
Theil-index
Opis:
In the present study the authors examined the spatial disparities of the Visegrad four countries to see whether the lasting cooperation of the four countries resulted in harmonious economic development or increasing gaps between the years 2000 and 2018. Based on the research results it can be concluded that regional disparities between core and periphery regions of V4 countries still have not been eliminated to a significant extent. Despite the fact that the Visegrad Group has been in the EU for 18 years, the catching-up of its regions occurred with various speed, and no harmonised development can be observed within the Group.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2022, 29, 1; 5-24
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The atlas of inequality aversion: theory and empirical evidence on 55 countries from the Luxembourg Income Study database
Autorzy:
Kot, Stanisław Maciej
Paradowski, Piotr R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
inequality aversion
Atkinson Index
income distribution
inequality
utility function
Opis:
Research background: In the distributive analysis, the constant relative inequality aversion utility function is a standard tool for ethical judgements of income distributions. The sole parameter ? of this function expresses a society?s aversion to inequality. However, the profession has not committed to the range of ?. When assessing inequality and other welfare characteristics, analysts assume an arbitrary level of ?, common to all countries and years. This assumption seems unjustified. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to estimate the parameter ? for each country and year individually using datasets from the Luxembourg Income Study Database in all available years, which dates back to the 1970s. Methods: We utilise the method of estimating ?, which assumes the generalised beta of the second kind distribution of incomes. The estimator of ? is derived from the mathematical condition of the existence of the social welfare function.  Findings & value added: We have elaborated an ?atlas? of  388 estimates of ? for 55 countries across time. Inequality aversion is country-year specific, with a minimum of 0.97 and a maximum of 3.8. Ninety per cent of all estimates are less than 2.5. Inequality aversion is negatively correlated with income inequality, but it is independent of economic development. Thus, inequality aversion appears as an additional dimension of the classical inequality-development relationship. This article contributes to solving a fundamental problem of Welfare Economics: directly measuring the social utility of income (welfare) function. The estimates of ? for 55 countries imply a complete knowledge of these countries' constant relative inequality aversion utility functions.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 2; 261-316
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for the square norm in Hilbert spaces
Autorzy:
Dragomir, Silvestru Sever
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Convex functions
Hermite–Hadamard inequality
midpoint inequality
power and exponential functions
Opis:
Let \(\left( H;\left\langle \cdot ,\cdot \right\rangle \right)\) be a complex Hilbert space and \(f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be convex (concave) on \([0,\infty )\). If \(x, y\in H\) with \(Re \left\langle x,y\right\rangle \geq 0\), then\begin{align*}f\left( \frac{\left\Vert x\right\Vert ^{2}+Re \left\langle x,y\right\rangle +\left\Vert y\right\Vert ^{2}}{3}\right) & \leq \left( \geq\right) \int_{0}^{1}f\left( \left\Vert \left( 1-t\right) x+ty\right\Vert^{2}\right) dt \\& \leq \left( \geq \right) \frac{1}{3}\left[ f\left( \left\Vert x\right\Vert^{2}\right) +f\left[ Re \left\langle x,y\right\rangle \right] +f\left(\left\Vert y\right\Vert ^{2}\right) \right] .\end{align*}Some examples for power functions and exponential are also provided.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2021, 75, 2; 31-44
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some remarks on the altitude inequality
Autorzy:
Jarboui, Noômen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965848.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
valuation domain
altitude inequality
restrictive altitude inequality
locally Jaffard domain
Opis:
We introduce and study a new class of ring extensions based on a new formula involving the heights of their primes. We compare them with the classical altitude inequality and altitude formula, and we give another characterization of locally Jaffard domains, and domains satisfying absolutely the altitude inequality (resp., the altitude formula). Then we study the extensions R ⊆ S where R satisfies the corresponding condition with respect to S (Definition 3.1). This leads to a new characterization of integral extensions.
Źródło:
Colloquium Mathematicum; 1999, 80, 1; 39-52
0010-1354
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Mathematicum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On some inequality of Hermite-Hadamard type
Autorzy:
Wąsowicz, S.
Witkowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/254903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
convex function
Hermite-Hadamard inequality
Fejer inequality
simplex
approximate integration
Opis:
It is well-known that the left term of the classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality is closer to the integral mean value than the right one. We show that in the multivariate case it is not true. Moreover, we introduce some related inequality comparing the methods of the approximate integration, which is optimal. We also present its counterpart of Fejér type.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2012, 32, 3; 591-600
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Unpredicted Rise of Populism: The Case of Poland
Autorzy:
Tomczak, Danuta A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16647465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-10-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
globalisation
inequality
populism
democracy
Opis:
This article investigates the rise of populism in Poland, applying an interdisciplinary method, with political, social, and economic factors as the compound reason for the turn from liberalism towards populism. The methodology of the study is the exploratory analysis of research, historical materials on Poland`s transition to capitalism, and calculation of the selected empirical data of household incomes, linked to election results, in the regional cross-section. The household economic condition was validated by a report on deprivation and the presented growth of households’disposable income, exposing regional differences between the selected voivodeships. The populist party Law and Justice (PiS) won the two last elections, with the majority of votes in low-income regions, which proved the hypothesis that economic inequality, amplified by globalisation and transition disparities were the main reasons for populism’s prevalence. The democratic backsliding has not changed party-political scenery for very long, which revealed that for the majority of Polish voters, economic upgrading counted more, despite the violation of democracy. Therefore, the advance of knowledge about measures to reduce the in-country socioeconomic disparities between regions has become more important.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2023, 10, 57; 304-322
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Has Economic Growth in Balkan Countries Been Pro-Poor in the 2012–2017 period?
Autorzy:
Zwierzchowski, Jan
Panek, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
economic growth
poverty
inequality
Opis:
The study investigates whether economic growth in the Balkan countries was pro-poor in the most recent period. We also try to establish to what extent various measures of pro-poorness of economic growth produce consistent and comparable results. Firstly, concepts of pro-poor growth are defined and corresponding approaches toward measuring pro-poor growth are presented. We distinguish between measures based on a general class of pro-poor indices and a dominance-based techniques. In the empirical part of the study, we verified whether economic growth in six Balkan countries (Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia) was pro-poor in the 2012–2017 period. The analyses is based on the latest available panel data of the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Growth was pro-poor in Croatia, Romania and Slovenia during the whole analysed period. The growth pattern was non pro-poor in Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia in certain years, mainly during periods of economic downfall. Various measures of pro-poor growth patterns do not produce consistent results in all instances. The results of the conducted comparative analysis suggest that the level of social benefits does not directly influence the pro-poor nature of the economic growth.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2022, 9, 56; 76-92
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generalized Levinsons inequality and exponential convexity
Autorzy:
Pecaric, J.
Praljak, M.
Witkowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/255037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
Levinson's inequality
exponential convexity
Opis:
We give a probabilistic version of Levinson's inequality under Mercer's assumption of equal variances for the family of 3-convex functions at a point. We also show that this is the largest family of continuous functions for which the inequality holds. New families of exponentially convex functions and related results are derived from the obtained inequality.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2015, 35, 3; 397-410
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sharing the Growth Dividend: Analysis of Inequality in Asia
Autorzy:
Jain-Chandra, Sonali
Kinda, Tidiane
Kochhar, Kalpana
Piao, Shi
Schauer, Johanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2042921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Inequality
Gini coefficient
Asia
Opis:
This paper focusses on income inequality in Asia, its drivers and policies to combat it. It finds that income inequality has risen in most of Asia, in contrast to many other regions. While in the past, rapid growth in Asia has come with equitable distribution of the gains, more recently fastgrowing Asian economies have been unable to replicate the “growth with equity” miracle. There is a growing consensus that high levels of inequality can hamper the pace and sustainability of growth. The paper argues that policies could have a substantial effect on reversing the trend of rising inequality. It is imperative to address inequality of opportunities, in particular to broaden access to education, health, and financial services. Also, fiscal policy could combat rising inequality, including by expanding and broadening the coverage of social spending, improving tax progressivity, and boosting compliance. Further efforts to promote financial inclusion, while maintaining financial stability, can help.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2019, 2(12); 5-28
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orientacje empiryczne w badaniach nierówności edukacyjnych
Empirical Orientations in Educational Inequality Research
Autorzy:
Zawistowska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
educational inequality
empirical orientations
effectively maintained inequality
maximally maintained inequality
rational action theory
nierówności edukacyjne
orientacje empiryczne
teoria racjonalnego wyboru
Opis:
The paper aims to review main approaches in research on educational inequalities, focusing mainly on quantitative studies of social structure. The review starts with a discussion of the 'status attainment school' developed in nineteen sixties, followed by 'educational transition approach' and empirical generalizations proposed in nineteen nineties, namely 'maximally maintained inequality', 'effectively maintained inequality' and rational choice theory. The article shows how the concept of educational process has been redefined in these perspectives, what research questions have been asked and what types of statistical techniques have been used. Such comparison leads to the conclusion that changes in research strategies in the past five decades evolved towards more valid and detailed models which were better fitted to actual educational paths. Nevertheless they can be still seen as rather crude research patterns. Their application in the context of differentiation of educational institutions can seriously limit possibilities of asking new questions concerning educational stratification.
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja najważniejszych podejść do badania nierówności edukacyjnych, ograniczona do prac mieszczących się w paradygmacie ilościowych badań nad strukturą społeczną. Przegląd nurtów i opisanie założeń szkoły osiągania statusu rozwijanej w latach sześćdziesiątych XX wieku, następnie podejście określane mianem „przejść edukacyjnych”, potem stanowiska rozwijane w latach dziewięćdziesiątych: „maksymalnie utrzymujących się nierówności”, „skutecznie utrzymujących się nierówności” oraz teorii racjonalnego wyboru. Tekst pokazuje zmiany w definiowaniu procesu edukacyjnego, w stawianych pytaniach badawczych i w technikach analitycznych. Analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że modele osiągnięć edukacyjnych stają się coraz lepiej dopasowane do rzeczywistego przebiegu karier szkolnych. Nadal jednak są to schematy uproszczone, które w warunkach zróżnicowania instytucji edukacyjnych mogą ograniczać możliwość stawiania nowych pytań o stratyfikację edukacyjną.
Źródło:
Studia Socjologiczne; 2009, 3(194); 53-82
0039-3371
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
LMI based fuzzy observer design for Takagi-Sugeno models containing vestigial nonlinear terms
Autorzy:
Krokavec, D.
Filasová, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Takagi-Sugeno models
fuzzy observer
linear matrix inequality
incremental quadratic inequality
Opis:
The paper deals with the problem of full order fuzzy observer design for the class of continuous-time nonlinear systems, represented by Takagi-Sugeno models containing vestigial nonlinear terms. On the basis of the Lyapunov stability criterion and the incremental quadratic inequalities, two design conditions for this kind of system model are outlined in the terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure and to validate the performances of the proposed approach.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2014, 24, 1; 39-52
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Topology optimization of systems governed by variational inequalities
Autorzy:
Myśliński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
variational inequality
topology optimization
Opis:
This paper deals with the formulation of the necessary optimality condition for a topology optimization problem of an elastic body in unilateral contact with a rigid foundation. In the contact problem of Tresca, a given friction is governed by an elliptic variational inequality of the second order. The optimization problem consists in finding such topology of the domain occupied by the body that the normal contact stress along the contact boundary of the body is minimized. The topological derivative of the cost functional is calculated and a necessary optimality condition is formulated. The calculated topological derivative is also used in the numerical algorithm to find a descent direction by inserting voids in the domain occupied by the body. Numerical examples are provided.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization; 2010, 30, 2; 237-252
1509-9407
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Economic Growth on Poverty in Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Nándori, Eszter Siposné
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639714.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
economic growth, poverty, inequality
Opis:
Economists have long been debating about the relationship between economic growth and poverty. In my research I am interested in the effect of economic growth on poverty and income inequality concerning upper-middle income Eastern European countries. I examine this relationship after 1990. Based on Adams’ research, my hypothesis states that in upper-middle income Eastern Europe economic development has significantly reduced income inequalities and poverty since 1990. Besides economic growth, I examine the effect of human development on poverty and inequality as well. To test my hypothesis, I carry out regression analysis and I use data from household surveys and national accounts. Results show that economic growth has had a signifi cant effect on poverty, but not on income inequalities since 1990. It means that economic growth can promote the decrease of the extent and the depth of poverty. Human development, however, has significant effect nor on poverty, neither on income inequalities. So if a country’s government is willing to decrease poverty, it has to concentrate on economic growth, rather than on human development.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2010, 1-2(9-10)
2084-3968
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of Dagum economic distances to the analysis of wage distributions in Poland
Zastosowanie współczynników odległości ekonomicznej Daguma do badania rozkładów płac w Polsce
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczak, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904628.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
income distribution
inequality
approximation
Opis:
Studies in the field of wage and income distribution concentrate on measuring income inequality. We can investigate both the inequality within the population and the inequality between the populations. The latter can be called the economic distance of one population with respect to another. In the paper we present economic distance ratios. Do and D1 introduced by Dagum. They were calculated for the empirical distributions of wages in Poland (nonparametric form) and for the corresponding theoretical ones derived from the Dagum function (parametric form).
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 1997, 141
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Markov inequality on sets with polynomial parametrization
Autorzy:
Baran, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311658.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
extremal function
Markov inequality
Opis:
The main result of this paper is the following: if a compact subset E of $ℝ^n$ is UPC in the direction of a vector $v ∈ S^{n-1}$ then E has the Markov property in the direction of v. We present a method which permits us to generalize as well as to improve an earlier result of Pawłucki and Pleśniak [PP1].
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1994-1995, 60, 1; 69-79
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On sharp reiteration theorems and weighted norm inequalities
Autorzy:
Bastero, Jesús
Milman, Mario
Ruiz, Francisco
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1206002.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
reiteration
weights
Hardy inequality
Opis:
We prove sharp end forms of Holmstedt's reiteration theorem which are closely connected with a general form of Gehring's Lemma. Reverse type conditions for the Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya order are considered and the maximal elements are shown to satisfy generalized Gehring conditions. The methods we use are elementary and based on variants of reverse Hardy inequalities for monotone functions.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 2000, 142, 1; 7-24
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Income gaps: Education and inequality
Autorzy:
Leone, Julián
Cascio, Jorge Lo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
education
inequality
human capital
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the employment-related real income gaps according to the education level reached by the working population during the 19972017 period. Using a panel methodology (pseudo-cohorts) it sums up that throughout recession, employment-related real income gaps by education level are wider, amplifying income inequality. During the economic boom the narrowing of the gap was due to the weak growth in skilled employment that did not manage to recover the pre-crisis values. This phenomenon is typical of a labour market structure with less skilled employment demand than its increasing supply. eTh employment-related diefrence in reduction of the real income gaps is exclusively reflected by a decline in employees from the highest education segment. The whole of tertiary education although with less intensity, replicates its trend. Not only educational credentials increase future employment-related income but also starting then not completing a university degree provides a significant disparity. Gender control shows a sharp drop in its determination.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2020, 6, 4; 27-50
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial wage inequality and its sectoral determinants: the case of modern Russia
Autorzy:
Malkina, Marina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19090894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
regional average wage
spatial inequality
sectoral structure of economy
decomposition of inequality
convergence
Opis:
Research background: We assume that the dynamics of spatial wage inequality can be caused by both shifts in the sectoral structures of regional economies and changes in inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral (inter-regional) wage inequality. Purpose of the article: The paper is aimed at analysis of the sectoral factors influenced the spatial wage inequality in Russia in 2005-2014. Methods: The employment-weighted Gini coefficient was applied for assessment of spatial wage inequality; the modified Lerman-Yitzhaki technique allowed to decompose it by main economic activities and their determinants; the mixed methods of factor analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of sectoral determinants to regional wage convergence in Russia. Findings & Value added: We found a weak and inconsistent convergence of Russian regions in average wage over the period under review and explained it by the opposing forces in the main economic activities. The spatial convergence was basically created by mining, manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and transport and communications activities, while wholesale and retail trade, financial intermediation and real estate operations counteracted it. The convergence was mainly facilitated by a reduction in inter-sectoral differences in wages as well as by rapprochement of the employment structures in some economic activities of Russian regions. In the meanwhile, the migration of labor force from lower wage to higher wage activities negatively affected the smoothing regional differences. Ultimately, intra-sectoral wage inequality and wages correlation in various activities rather preserved inequality. The results are applicable in the management of spatial inequality both at the regional and national levels.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2019, 10, 1; 69-87
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności jako element pragmatyzmu gospodarczego
Inequalities as an element of economic pragmatism
Autorzy:
Żyżyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
nierówności dochodowe
nierówności majątkowe
rozwój gospodarczy
income inequality
wealth inequality
economic development
Opis:
Nierówności to problem obejmujący praktycznie cały współczesny świat. Autor przypomina, że w 2000 roku ONZ przyjęło Milenijne Cele Rozwoju (Millenium Development Goals – MDG), a w 2015 roku skonkretyzowało Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (SDG), które miały nadać kierunek rozwoju światu tak, aby zniwelować różnice między krajami i wewnątrz nich. Autor omawia najważniejsza wnioski co do skutków nierówności, jakie wynikają z prac Komisji Josepha E. Stiglitza, Amartya Sena i Jean-Paula Fitoussi, dzieł Stiglitza i Piketty’ego. Zwraca uwagę, że nierówności dochodowe i majątkowe zaczęły narastać w USA i krajach europejskich od początku lat 80., gdy nastąpiła ekspansja ideologii neoliberalnej i kraje zaczęły w polityce podatkowej wycofywać mechanizmy progresji podatkowej. Te nierówności nie są zatem czymś naturalnym, jak sądzą konserwatyści, wypływają z ideologii – i w tym zgadza się z Pikettym. Jednak zwraca uwagę, że z tego nie wynika, jakoby nierówności powinny być w ogóle zlikwidowane i zastąpione przez równość, stawia tezę, że poziom nierówności powinien stabilizować się na jakimś poziomie wynikającym z pewnej racjonalności. Pokazuje, że pewne zasady nierówności mają charakter uniwersalny i zostały zastosowane już w czasach starożytności, i postuluje zasady pragmatyzmu nierówności. Potrzeba nie równości stanu dochodów i aktywów, lecz szans znalezienia się każdej osoby na stosownym poziomie w ramach pragmatycznych, racjonalnych i sprawiedliwych reguł nierówności. Zwraca uwagę, że dzięki nierównościom rozwija się świat przyrody i w gruncie rzeczy nierówności potrzebuje gospodarka zarówno na szczeblach krajowych, jak i globalnie, są potrzebne dla twórczego rozwoju i apeluje: Poszukujmy zatem racjonalnych zasad nierówności.
Inequality is a problem that affects virtually the entire modern world. The author reminds us that in 2000, the UN adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and then, in 2015, specified the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to guide the world’s development in order to close the gaps between and within countries.The author discusses the most important conclusions on the effects of inequality from the work of the Joseph E. Stiglitz, Amartya Sen and Jean-Paul Fitoussi Commission, the works of Stiglitz and Piketty. He points out that income and wealth inequalities began to grow in the US and European countries from the early 1980s, when the expansion of neoliberal ideology took place and countries began to withdraw tax progression mechanisms in tax policy. These inequalities are therefore not natural, as conservatives believe, they stem from ideology – and here he agrees with Piketty. However, he points out that it does not mean that inequality should be abolished altogether and be replaced by equality, as he argues that the level of inequality should stabilise at some level resulting from a certain rationality. He shows that certain principles of inequality are universal and have been applied since antiquity, and advocates for principles of inequality pragmatism. The need is not for an equality of income and asset status but for the chances of each person being at an appropriate level within pragmatic, rational and just rules of inequality. He points out that it is through inequality that the natural world develops and, in fact, inequality needs the economy both at national and global levels, as it is needed for creative development. The author urges: Let us therefore seek rational rules of inequality.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2023, 73; 39-56
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Issue of Comfort Women as an Example of Gender Inequality in Japan
Kwestia kobiet do towarzystwa jako przykład nierówności płci w Japonii
Autorzy:
Ksieniewicz, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42583531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna w Łodzi
Tematy:
inequality
comfort women
gender
inequality gender
płeć
nierówność płci
kobiety pocieszycielki
nierówność
Opis:
The issue of comfort women is a unique example of the inequality women face in Asia, especially in Japan. Despite it being over 70 years since the end of the Second World War, the issue has not been resolved on a diplomatic level, despite the large amount of evidence that during the war women were forced by the government to be sex slaves for the Imperial Army. The article aims to prove that this is strongly connected with Confucianism, and constitutes an example of the greatest incidence of human trafficking in the history, which should be resolved by the state.
Zagadnienie „pocieszycielek wojennych“ jest wyjątkowym przykładem nierówności, jakiej doświadczają kobiety w Azji do dziś, szczególnie w Japonii. Pomimo tego, że minęło już ponad 70 lat od zakończenia II Wojny Światowej, kwestia ta nie została rozwiązana na poziomie dyplomatycznym, pomimo wielu dowodów na to, że podczas wojny kobiety były zmuszane przez rząd japoński do bycia niewolnicami seksualnymi przez Armię Cesarską. Artykuł udowadnia, że jest to silnie związane z Konfucjonizmem i jest przykładem największego handlu ludźmi w historii, który powinien zostać potępiony i rozwiązany przez państwo.
Źródło:
Civitas Hominibus. Rocznik filozoficzno-społeczny; 2017, 12; 107-114
1896-1819
2391-5145
Pojawia się w:
Civitas Hominibus. Rocznik filozoficzno-społeczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nigeria on the Brink: Imperatives of Managing Diversity in a Multi-Ethnic Society
Autorzy:
Abdulyakeen, Abdulrasheed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Democracy
Ethnicity
Insecurity
Inequality
Republic
Opis:
The phenomenon of ethnic and religious inequality has continued to be experienced in most societies of the world. In Nigeria, the problem seemed to have increased over the past years, thereby creating a complex matrix that produced negative effects. This has brought a lot of untold hardships and other social consequences upon the state. The present conflicts and violence that have destroyed a lot of lives and property in Nigeria is a product of social inequality. This has retarded growth and development of the state. To understand and provide possible solutions to this phenomenon, theoretical and empirical approaches were used to gather data needed for this work. Findings of the study revealed that groups are more loyal and sympathetic to their identity and interest rather than any state goal. This may be as a result of government and groups not playing their roles well. They sometimes use machinery of state to enhance themselves and their group interests. The paper concludes that politicians favor some ethnic and religious groups in their policy decisions, power sharing, distribution of resources and equity. This has brought inequality and dissatisfaction among groups and citizens. These and other external forces bring inequality which often results in crisis. Part of the solution is to evolve consensus building mechanism that will put in place a state ideology. There should be a framework upon which group interests and actions will be harmonized to meet collective good.
Źródło:
Acta Politica Polonica; 2023, 55; 23-43
2451-0432
2719-4388
Pojawia się w:
Acta Politica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks on some recent results about polynomials with restricted zeros
Autorzy:
Qazi, M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Polynomials
extremal properties
Bernstein's inequality.
Opis:
We point out certain flaws in two papers published in Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Skłodowska Sect. A, one in 2009 and the other in 2011. We discuss in detail the validity of the results in the two papers in question.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2013, 67, 2
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of the Gini and Zenga indexes using some theoretical income distributions abstract
Autorzy:
Ostasiewicz, K.
Mazurek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
inequality
Gini index
Zenga index
Opis:
The most common measure of inequality used in scientific research is the Gini index. In 2007, Zenga proposed a new index of inequality that has all the appropriate properties of an measure of equality. In this paper, we compared the Gini and Zenga indexes, calculating these quantities for the few distributions frequently used for approximating distributions of income, that is, the lognormal, gamma, inverse Gauss, Weibull and Burr distributions. Within this limited examination, we have observed three main differences. First, the Zenga index increases more rapidly for low values of the variation and decreases more slowly when the variation approaches intermediate values from above. Second, the Zenga index seems to be better predicted by the variation. Third, although the Zenga index is always higher than the Gini one, the ordering of some pairs of cases may be inverted.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2013, 23, 1; 37-62
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Link Between Silber and Dagum Decompositions of The Gini Index
Autorzy:
Mussini, Mauro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
Inequality measure
Gini decomposition
overlapping
Opis:
In this paper, we combine two alternative procedures for decomposing the Gini index: the Silber matrix approach and the Dagum technique based on Gini mean difference. This combined decomposition can be used for overlapping as well as no overlapping population subgroups. The presented decomposition procedure derives the within-group, the between-group, and the overlapping inequalities by exploiting all of the information on income distribution contained in one matrix accounting for pair wise disparities between per capita income shares. Moreover, this matrix approach can serve the scope of counting the frequency of overlapping, providing new insights for a more complete analysis of overlapping. The suggested methodology is applied to survey data on Italian employee incomes in 2000 and 2008.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2010, 11, 3; 169-186
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On some integral inequalities for (h, m)-convex functions
Autorzy:
Matłoka, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585009.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Hadamard’s inequality
convex function
Opis:
In this paper we establish several Hadamard type inequalities for (h, m) convex functions.
Źródło:
Mathematical Economics; 2013, 9 (16); 55-70
1733-9707
Pojawia się w:
Mathematical Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inequality Hurts Happiness
Autorzy:
Okulicz-Kozaryn, Władysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942360.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Life Satisfaction
Happiness
Inequality
Welfare
Opis:
Income inequality and its potential effect on human wellbeing is one of the key research areas in social science. Likewise, there is a lively debate about the optimal degree of government intervention to ensure wellbeing of citizens. The paper investigates impact of inequality and welfare on happiness in a panel of West European countries from 1970 to 2002, taking into account both individual and country-level variables. The results suggest that inequality hurts our wellbeing. Welfare states are happier than countries with limited welfare. Public policy implications are discussed.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2015, 6, 12; 135-152
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zaawansowane szkolenia dla wolontariuszy : formy, cele, problemy. Teoretyczne i praktyczne implikacje dla normatywnej idei wolontariatu
Advanced Training for Volunteers: Forms, Goals, and Problems. Theoretical and Practical Implications for the Normative Idea of Voluntary Service
Autorzy:
Jackiewicz, Łukasz
Rau, Melanie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-02-28
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
volunteering
advanced training
participatory inequality
Opis:
Social participation of citizens in the form of volunteering is an important part of the normative idea of civil society. With the development of volunteering and its systematic support from the government, as well from European institutions, we can observe an increasing number of trainings for volunteers. The purpose of most of these trainings, in addition to the promotion of volunteering, is to reduce the cost of participation by increasing the resources of the course participants needed to implement projects. However, from a theoretical point of view, we can assume that there is social selectivity in such trainings which results from inequalities in the social system. In particular, in the educational systems and unequal access to the structures of mobilization. Based on the data gathered during the evaluation (pre- and post-test) of training for young volunteers in Switzerland (treib.stoff Academy), we tested the hypotheses about unequal access to trainings, egoistic motivation to participate, and social selectivity of gains in skills and knowledge. The results showed i.e. that informal recruitment has a positive impact on access of trainees with a migrant background. In addition, we discussed the practical implications of the issues outlined in the normative idea of volunteering.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 1(101); 192-213
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the empirics of violence, inequality, and income
Autorzy:
Riveros Gavilanes, John Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2191600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
violence
inequality
income
simultaneous
worldide
Opis:
Aim/purpose – This paper aims to examine with new empirical evidence the joint relationships between violence, income inequality, and real income per capita in a simultaneous equation framework using a worldwide sample at the country level. Design/methodology/approach – To examine the several simultaneous relationships between the variables, this study uses the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) and Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) with two-way fixed effects on a linear system of regression equations. The data used for analysis are sourced from the World Bank, the SWIID inequality database, and the Penn World Table. The final sample for the estimations includes 110 countries in the period between 1994 and 2019. Findings – Based on the estimations, the results confirm a strong positive relationship between violence and income inequality. Conversely, a negative but non-robust relationship exists between violence and real income per capita. Additionally, the findings show that human capital based on years of schooling plays a critical role in reducing both inequality and violence. Research implications/limitations – The negative relationship between income and violence is sensitive to the sample size. The institutional framework characterized by high levels of democracy does not ensure by itself a reduction in violence. The SUR model is limited to the endogeneity of the variables. Instruments selected for the 3SLS are based on previous lags of the endogenous variables, no external instruments were used. Data availability also compromises extending the estimations with a greater number of controls. Originality/value/contribution – This study considers the explicit joint simultaneous endogenous behavior of income inequality, violence, and real income in a worldwide sample, which contrasts most of the traditional individual-type analysis of previous studies with limited samples. Furthermore, it provides evidence of the importance of human capital and the existence of the non-robust relationships between income and violence.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2023, 45; 102-136
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analogy of Classical and Dynamic Inequalities Merging on Time Scales
Autorzy:
Sahir, Muhammad Jibril Shahab
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818648.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
time scales
Radon’s inequality
weighted power meaninequality
Hölder’s inequality
Nesbitt’s inequality
nierówność Radona
moc średnia
nierówność Höldera
nierówność Nesbitta
Opis:
In this paper, we present analogues of Radon’s inequality and Nesbitt’s inequality on time scales. Furthermore, we find refinements of some classical inequalities such as Bergström’s inequality, the weighted power mean inequality, Cauchy–Schwarz’s inequality and Hölder’s inequality. Our investigations unify and extend some continuous inequalities andtheir corresponding discrete analogues.
Źródło:
Journal of Mathematics and Applications; 2020, 43; 139--152
1733-6775
2300-9926
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Mathematics and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Praca i kapitał w generowaniu nierówności w Unii Europejskiej – aspekty sektorowe
Labour and capital in generation of inequality within the European Union – sectoral aspects
Труд и капитал в генерации неравенства в странах Европейского Союза – отраслевые аспекты
Autorzy:
Cyrek, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/548774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
nierówności dochodowe
nierówności płacowe
praca
kapitał
branże
income inequality
wage inequality
labour
capital
branches
Opis:
W opracowaniu zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad sektorowymi aspektami nierówności między państwami członkowskimi UE w latach 2004–2013. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kształtowanie się międzynarodowych dysparytetów w tworzeniu wartości dodanej brutto oraz zróżnicowań płacowych w poszczególnych rodzajach działalności. Relacje między miarami nierówności dochodowych i płacowych stanowiły podstawę do przybliżenia wzorców w zakresie nierówności kapitałowych. Tym samym identyfikacji poddano znaczenie pracy i kapitału w kreowaniu nierówności międzypaństwowych w kontekście strukturalnym. Istotną przesłanką generowania nierówności są różnice strukturalne między poszczególnymi gospodarkami. Stwierdzenie to zostaje wzmocnione obserwowanymi w UE znacznymi różnicami w udziale wynagrodzeń w wartości dodanej brutto pomiędzy poszczególnymi branżami. Pozostają one najwyższe w usługach publicznych, zaś najmniejsze w obsłudze nieruchomości i rolnictwie. Ponadto dezagregacja nierówności na zróżnicowania wewnątrz- i międzybranżowe sugeruje wzrastające znaczenie odmienności strukturalnych dla ich kreacji. Szczególnie zasadny wniosek ten pozostaje w odniesieniu do kapitału. Tendencje zmian wskaźników nierówności dochodowych i płacowych w UE dowodzą różnicującego charakteru kapitału i wyrównującego oddziaływania zaangażowania czynnika pracy. Uwzględnienie aspektów branżowych zwraca uwagę, że najbardziej dynamicznie rozwijające się rodzaje działalności cechują się szczególnie wysoką skalą nierówności dochodowych i wyraźnie niższą płacowych. Wskazuje to ponownie na tendencję do wzmocnienia znaczenia kapitału w generowaniu dysparytetów w UE. Kapitał kreuje największe nierówności przede wszystkim w usługach finansowo-ubezpieczeniowych czy informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. Z drugiej strony nierówności płacowe pozostają zasadniczym problemem w odniesieniu do tradycyjnych rodzajów działalności, w tym rolnictwa i budownictwa.
The study presents results of research on sectoral aspects of inequality between the EU countries in a period 2004–2013. A special attention was paid to international disparities in gross value added and earnings in different kinds of economic activity. Relations between indicators of income and wage inequality constituted a base to indicate patterns in capital inequality. Thus, a role of labour and capital in the creation of international inequality in the structural context was identified. Structural differences between the specified economies are an essential condition in the generation of inequality. This remark is supported by the observed differences within the EU in a share of earnings in gross value added between branches. The differences are the strongest in public services and the weakest in real estate and agriculture. Moreover, disaggregation of inequality into inter and between branch differences suggests an increasing influence of structural differences on the creation of inequality. This conclusion is especially important concerning capital. Tendencies in income and wage inequality in the EU prove that capital has a differentiating character, while engagement of labour has an equalizing influence. Considering branch aspects it is possible to point out that the most dynamic kinds of activity are specified by especially high income inequality and clearly lower wage inequality. It once more indicates tendencies to strengthen a role of capital in the generation of disparities in the EU. Capital creates the strongest inequality mainly in finance and insurance and information and communication services. On the other hand, wage inequality is an essential problem concerning traditional kinds of activity, such as agriculture and construction.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2017, 50; 427-442
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka społeczna a polityka symboliczna. Związki między nierównością a niesprawiedliwością
Social Policy and Symbolic Politics. The Links Between Inequality and Injustice
Autorzy:
Miś, Lucjan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Nierówności społeczne
Nierówności społeczno-gospodarcze
Polityka społeczna
Social inequality
Social policy
Social-economics inequality
Opis:
Social justice has been the most widely recognized value among the Poles. They also declare their commitment to egalitarianism. Studies show, however, that there is a growing income inequalities among Polish people. Other researches also show that the increase in income inequality is accompanied with more frequent and more severe punishment. Poland is a country with one of the highest ratio of imprisonment in the European Union. In addition, there is over 30 thousand people convicted by law courts who are not in prisons. Current punishment policy is an unsuccessful response to the growing income inequality in Polish society.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 179; 9-20
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the universal constant in the Katz-Petrov and Osipov inequalities
Autorzy:
Korolev, Victor
Popov, Sergey
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
central limit theorem
convergence rate estimate
absolute constant
Katz-Petrov inequality
Osipov inequality
Opis:
Upper estimates are presented for the universal constant in the Katz-Petrov and Osipov inequalities which do not exceed 3.1905.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2011, 31, 1-2; 29-39
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Additive inequalities for weighted harmonic and arithmetic operator means
Autorzy:
Dragomir, Sever
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Young’s inequality
convex functions
arithmetic meanharmonic mean inequality
operator means
operator inequalities
Opis:
In this paper we establish some new upper and lower bounds for the difference between the weighted arithmetic and harmonic operator means under various assumptions for the positive invertible operators A, B. Some applications when A, B are bounded above and below by positive constants are given as well.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2019, 73, 1
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ESTIMATING INEQUALITY AVERSION FROM SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS OF THE JUST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCES IN WELFARE
Autorzy:
Kot, Stanislaw Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517250.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
inequality
aversion
income
utility estimation
Opis:
Research background: In Economics, the concept of inequality aversion corresponds with the concept of risk aversion in the literature on making decision under uncertainty. The risk aversion is estimated on the basis of subjective reactions of people to various lottery prospects. In Economics, however, an efficient method of estimating inequality aversion has not been developed yet. Purpose of the article: The main aim of this paper is to develop the method of estimating inequality aversion. Methods: The method is based on two income thresholds which are subjectively assessed by surveyed respondents. Given the level of household income, just noticeable worsening of household welfare is perceived below the first threshold, whereas just noticeable improvement of household welfare is perceived above the second threshold. The thresholds make possible effective calculations of the parameter of the Arrow-Pratt’s constant inequality aversion utility function. In this way, an individual utility of income becomes an empirically observable economic phenomenon. Findings & Value added: In this paper, two theorems are proved which provide the guidance on how to identify a proper version of the above function. The proposed method is tested on the basis of statistical data from the archival survey conducted among Polish households in 1999. The statistical analysis of those data reveals the appearance of convex utility functions as well as concave ones. Nevertheless, the prevailing part of the Polish society exhibited inequality aversion in the year 1999. Another result of this paper is that inequality aversion diminishes as income increases.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2017, 12, 1; 123-146
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A note on the Zenga index with respect to different results depending on grouping or not grouping the data
Autorzy:
Ostasiewicz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
inequality
Zenga index
grouped data
Opis:
The Zenga index of inequality is a new proposal of measuring this phenomenon. The properties and empirical applications of Zenga index (and the underlying Zenga curve) have been recently widely investigated. Its advantages (and differences, as compared to other existing measures) have been pointed out. However, one of the possible problems associated with the use of the Zenga index has not yet been appropriately addressed.Namely, the Zenga index assumes different values depending on whether it is applied to grouped or ungrouped data. As it may seem that due to contemporary computers power it is not necessary to group data, the problem still exists as a conceptual one. Moreover, in some situations – such as applying equivalence scales – avoiding grouping of the data is not possible even in principle. The problem is stated, illustrated by simple numerical examples and briefly discussed in this paper.
Źródło:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny; 2018, 16 (22); 181-186
1644-6739
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some quadratic integral inequalities of first order
Autorzy:
Florkiewicz, BronisŁaw
Kuchta, MaŁgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965998.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
absolutely continuous function
integral inequality
Źródło:
Colloquium Mathematicum; 1998, 75, 1; 7-18
0010-1354
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Mathematicum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some quadratic integral inequalities of Opial type
Autorzy:
Kuchta, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311184.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
absolutely continuous function
integral inequality
Opis:
We derive and investigate integral inequalities of Opial type: $∫_I s|hḣ|dt ≤ ∫_I rḣ² dt$, where h ∈ H, I = (α,β) is any interval on the real line, H is a class of absolutely continuous functions h satisfying h(α) = 0 or h(β) = 0. Our method is a generalization of the method of [3]-[5]. Given the function r we determine the class of functions s for which quadratic integral inequalities of Opial type hold. Such classes have hitherto been described as the classes of solutions of a certain differential equation. In this paper a wider class of functions s is given which is the set of solutions of a certain differential inequality. This class is determined directly and some new inequalities are found.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1996, 63, 2; 103-113
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inequalities concerning the rate of growth of polynomials involving the polar derivative
Autorzy:
Mir, Abdullah
Malik, Adil Hussain
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Bernstein inequality
lacunary polynomial
zeros
Opis:
This paper contains some results for algebraic polynomials in the complex plane involving the polar derivative that are inspired by some classical results of Bernstein. Obtained results yield the polar derivative analogues of some inequalities giving estimates for the growth of derivative of lacunary polynomials.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2020, 74, 1
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On dilation and commuting liftings of $n$-tuples of commuting Hilbert space contractions
Autorzy:
Burdak, Zbigniew
Grygierzec, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1795588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
dilation
lifting
von Neumann inequality
Opis:
The $n$-tuples of commuting Hilbert space contractions are considered. We give a model of a commuting lifting of one contraction and investigate conditions under which a commuting lifting theorem holds for an $n$-tuple. A series of such liftings leads to an isometric dilation of the $n$-tuple. The method is tested on some class of triples motivated by Parrotts example. It provides also a new proof of the fact that a positive definite $n$-tuple has an isometric dilation.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Mathematica; 2020, 19; 121-139
2300-133X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GENDER PAY GAP IN THE MICRO LEVEL – CASE OF POLAND
Autorzy:
Śliwicki, Dominik
Ryczkowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
gender pay gap
wage inequality
Opis:
The paper analyzes the size of the GPG in enterprises located in Poland and with at least 10 employees. For this purpose a linear model is constructed for individual data that allows to distinguish the influence of sex, occupation and education on the earnings. That allows to explain the size of income discrepancies caused by external, objective factors and assess the magnitude of sex discrimination.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2014, 15, 1; 159-173
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is redistributive policy of EU welfare state effective in tackling income inequality? A panel data analysis
Autorzy:
Wildowicz-Szumarska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
inequality
redistribution
taxes
social transfers
Opis:
Research background: Income inequality has risen sharply since the 1990s, despite the increase in the average size of redistribution in countries representing different welfare state models. The problem of increasing income inequality is currently a challenge for the EU economies, not only with well-established liberal traditions, but also with conservative and social-democratic ones. Therefore, it is worth conducting research on the redistributive effects of fiscal policy. Purpose of the article: The article aims to show the redistributive effects of fiscal policy, paying particular attention to the most characteristic trends in redistribution, which are responsible for the growing income inequality. An overview of the fiscal instruments ? mainly personal income tax and benefit systems ? along with an empirical research on their potential impact on income inequality, allows for conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of redistributive policy in the EU countries. Methods: Both descriptive analysis and panel data analysis is implemented to examine the effectiveness of redistributive policy in tackling income inequality in the EU?28 countries in years 2005?2017. Findings & value added: Based on the panel analysis, it has been found that social transfers were much more effective than direct taxes in combating income inequality. In addition, the largest increase in income inequality ? as previously assumed ? was observed in the liberal welfare states, while the smallest in the social democratic welfare states. The empirical analysis extends the existing knowledge on main weaknesses of fiscal welfare state, indicating the required changes that may improve both its equity and efficiency.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 1; 81-101
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Government social spending in the EU countries: efficiency in poverty and income inequality reduction
Autorzy:
Cyrek, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
government expenditure
poverty
inequality
efficiency
Opis:
Research background: Income inequality and poverty attract a lot of attention among politicians, activists as well as scientists, who are trying to find a solution to these socio-economic problems. State intervention is commonly expected in this field, however, there is no agreement about the most efficient methods and instruments, as well as about the scale of public expenditure for the purpose of limiting poverty and inequality. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to specify efficiency of government social spending in reducing problems of poverty and income inequality in the EU countries. Moreover, the attention is paid to changes in the efficiency in a period of the 2007 crisis occurrence and its overcoming and to sources of the changes. Methods: To fulfill the main goal of the paper, the DEA method is used, which enables to compare the social efficiency of the EU countries. The Malmquist index is also calculated and decomposed to identify changes in the efficiency and their sources in the crisis period. Data used in the analyses were obtained from Eurostat and OECD databases and cover the period from 2007 to 2016 year. Findings & Value added: The main findings of the paper shed some light on the differences in social efficiency of government spending in the EU countries. Generally, the countries with a higher level of social spending are also those with lower efficiency in inequality reduction, however, the relationship doesn?t appear for poverty alleviation. Thus, the research suggests some substitution between the scale and the efficiency of social spending, at least for the inequality dimension. Moreover, some differences in a social model can be found between the countries of the  South and of the North: the countries of the South focus their social policy mainly on inequality reduction, while the Scandinavian countries as well as some other affluent societies direct their public support mainly on poverty alleviation. The research also shows that in the crisis period decreases in efficiency concerned mainly the poverty dimension. It reflects the fact that the poor were the losers of the crisis in favor of the middle classes. The efficiency losses were induced by negative changes in the current usage of public sources, while institutional reforms positively influenced the efficiency.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2019, 14, 3; 405-424
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The distribution of wage inequality across municipalities in Mexico: a spatial quantile regres-sion approach
Autorzy:
Valdez, Rolando I.
García-Fernández, Francisco
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
wage inequality
spatial quantile regression
municipalities
Opis:
Research background: According to classical labor economics, wage differences among regions of a country that has free-factor mobility should eventually vanish. However, the level of wage inequality among Mexican territories is increasing. The nature and causes of this discrepancy are worth identifying. Purpose of the article: To identify the spatial relationship of wage inequality that existed in the Mexican metropolitan system during the years 2010 and 2015. Methods: We develop a model of wages that considers the interaction between spatial units within a region. Then, we specify a spatial autoregressive model with the average wage per municipality as a dependent variable. This variable is spatially lagged along with other controls such as productivity, schooling, and migration. We combine data from population and economic censuses. Then, we perform a quantile regression to estimate the spatial effect of wage in a region upon quartiles of the wage distribution. Findings & value added: Wage inequality increases within a given region when the average wage increases in one of said region?s municipalities. This phenomenon occurs because in municipalities that are neighbors of the one that enjoys a wage increase, the average wage tends to decrease. The impact is larger in those municipalities whose average wage is in the lower range of the regional wage distribution. Wage inequality is also increased by internal migration and increased productivity. These latter findings are some of the first for Mexico at this aggregation level. A novel aspect of our study is its use of territory as an observation unit for which statistics from population and economic censuses are combined to draw inferences about spatial inequality.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 3; 669-697
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
History, Economics, Politics. On Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty First Century
Autorzy:
Falkowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Piketty
capital
economic inequality
French historiography
Opis:
In my paper I try to analyze Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty‑First Century as a history book. Thus, the following questions have been posed: at the intersection of which streams, tends, and traditions of the contemporary historiography could one place Piketty’s oeuvre? What can be said of those elements of the book that can be labeled as historical epistemology: source work, conceptualization of the object of study, etc.? As an attempt to revive serial history, does it inherit the baggage of “misdeeds” against which the entire movement of cultural history rose up? What role does the concept of longue durée play in the book? The historical aspects of Piketty’s thought have the potential to spark controversy among professional historians, but it is one of its many virtues.
Źródło:
Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2021, 51, Spec. iss.; 107-116
0073-277X
Pojawia się w:
Historyka studia metodologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Universal basic income. Theory and practice
Autorzy:
Misztal, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
universal income
income inequality
economic policy
Opis:
A universal basic income is financial income agreed to all members of society without the need to provide work. The right to this income and its level are universal and independent of the size and structure of the household. In addition, a universal income is paid regardless of the income of the citizens from other sources. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of a universal basic income, with a particular emphasis on the origin and results of introducing this instrument. In the text, research methods are used based on literature studies in macroeconomics and economic policies as well as statistical and descriptive methods based on the data published by international economic institutions (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank).
Źródło:
Managerial Economics; 2018, 19, 1; 103-116
1898-1143
Pojawia się w:
Managerial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działania organizacji pozarządowych na rzecz wyrównywania szans edukacyjnych dzieci ze środowiska wiejskiego
The activities of non-governmental organizations for equal educational opportunities for children from the rural environment
Autorzy:
Palka, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych. Instytut Pedagogiki. Zakład Historii Edukacji
Tematy:
inequality of educational chances
rural environment
Opis:
We live in a world where the access to knowledge has a decisive influence on our future. A large number of children in Poland have difficulties with this access, because they are raised in impoverished, excluded, poorly educated families of low social status. This phenomenon is mainly related to rural areas. Nonformal education should provide important support for formal education. Nonformal education should be organized with the cooperation of schools, kindergartens, and non-governmental organizations. The educational activities proposed for children and their parents by non-governmental organizations complement formal education. These activities are of crucial importance in the equalization of educational opportunities for children from rural areas. It is essential that these activities be planned, long-term, and a part of the entire educational program.
Źródło:
Wychowanie w Rodzinie; 2012, VI, (2/2012); 223-241
2082-9019
Pojawia się w:
Wychowanie w Rodzinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education for Promoting Gender Equality and Empowering Women in India
Edukacja dla promowania rownosci plci i wzmocnienia pozycji kobiet w Indiach
Autorzy:
Pietkiewicz-Pareek, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademickie Towarzystwo Andragogiczne
Tematy:
EMPOWERING WOMEN
INEQUALITY
INDIA
GENDER
EDUCATION
Opis:
The point of empowerment lies in the ability of w women to control her own destiny. In India women have limited access to education, almost half of them are illiterate. In order to women`s empowering they must gain knowledge, profession, and as a result of this independence. Women need to brake with the old tradition " In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent".
Źródło:
Rocznik Andragogiczny; 2012, R. 2012; 308-317
1429-186X
2391-7571
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Andragogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mosers Inequality for a class of integral operators
Autorzy:
Holland, Finbarr
Walsh, David
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1289652.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Moser's Inequality
integral operator
distribution function
Opis:
Let 1 < p < ∞, q = p/(p-1) and for $f ∈ L^p(0,∞)$ define $F(x) = (1/x) ʃ_0^x f(t)dt$, x > 0. Moser's Inequality states that there is a constant $C_p$ such that $sup_{a≤1} sup_{f∈B_{p}} ʃ_{0}^{∞} exp[ax^{q}|F(x)|^{q} - x]dx= C_p$ where $B_p$ is the unit ball of $L^p$. Moreover, the value a = 1 is sharp. We observe that $F = K_1$ f where the integral operator $K_1$ has a simple kernel K. We consider the question of for what kernels K(t,x), 0 ≤ t, x < ∞, this result can be extended, and proceed to discuss this when K is non-negative and homogeneous of degree -1. A sufficient condition on K is found for the analogue of Moser's Inequality to hold. An internal constant ψ, the counterpart of the constant a, arises naturally. We give a condition on K that ψ be sharp. Some applications are discussed.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1995, 113, 2; 141-168
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A radial Phragmén-Lindelöf estimate for plurisubharmonic functions on algebraic varieties
Autorzy:
Braun, Rüdiger
Meise, Reinhold
Taylor, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1293933.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Phragmén-Lindelöf principle
Sibony-Wong inequality
Opis:
For complex algebraic varieties V, the strong radial Phragmén-Lindelöf condition (SRPL) is defined. It means that a radial analogue of the classical Phragmén-Lindelöf Theorem holds on V. Here we derive a sufficient condition for V to satisfy (SRPL), which is formulated in terms of local hyperbolicity at infinite points of V. The latter condition as well as the extension of local hyperbolicity to varieties of arbitrary codimension are introduced here for the first time. The proof of the main result is based on a local version of the inequality of Sibony and Wong. The property (SRPL) provides a priori} estimates which can be used to deduce more refined Phragmén-Lindelöf results for algebraic varieties.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1999, 72, 2; 159-179
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the nonlinear stabilization of the wave equation
Autorzy:
Guesmia, Aissa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1294506.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
wave equation
nonlinear damping
integral inequality
Opis:
We obtain a precise decay estimate of the energy of the solutions to the initial boundary value problem for the wave equation with nonlinear internal and boundary feedbacks. We show that a judicious choice of the feedbacks leads to fast energy decay.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1998, 68, 2; 191-198
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic Exclusion as a Predictor of Cascade Exclusion: A Case Study of Loan Companies in Poland
Autorzy:
Jakubowska-Branicka, Iwona
Grochowski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-12
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
social exclusion
inequality
consumers
credit
law
Opis:
This paper discusses the results of two empirical research projects on consumer micro-loans in Poland recently conducted at the Institute of Applied Social Sciences (University of Warsaw) and the Institute of Justice. The text summarizes the main findings of both studies and focuses on their main common thread: the various dimensions of social exclusion among average consumers who enter the loan market. The text argues that individuals who take consumer loans usually experience financial exclusion, which in turn prevents them from obtaining the cheaper credit available from banks. At the same time, by entering the loan market individuals de facto exclude themselves from effective legal protection (from courts and administrative bodies), which should be provided as an element of the rule of law in a democratic state. Building on these premises, the concept of “cascade exclusion” is proposed as an analytical framework for theses on interrelated dimensions of exclusion.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2019, 208, 4; 459-476
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności dochodowe w kontekście kryzysu finansowego
Income Inequality in a Context of Financial Crisis
Неравенство дохолов в контексте финансового кризиса
Autorzy:
Jabłoński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/548517.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
nierówności dochodowe
kryzysy
income inequality
crisis
Opis:
W artykule podjęto próbę zaprezentowania skutków kryzysu finansowego z 2007 roku dla nierówności w krajach na różnym poziomie rozwoju ekonomicznego. Artykuł składa się z dwóch zasadniczych części. W pierwszej części uwagę zwrócono na rozstrzygnięcia teoretyczne i wyniki badań empirycznych w zakresie wpływu z jednej strony cyklu koniunkturalnego, z drugiej zaś kryzysów na nierówności. Następnie przedstawiono wpływ kryzysu 2007–2008 na zróżnicowania dochodowe wewnątrz krajów w oparciu o wyniki badań OECD z lat 2008, 2011 i 2013. Artykuł zamyka podsumowanie i wnioski z prowadzonych rozważań.
The article is an attempt to present the outcomes of financial crises on income inequality in countries at various stages of economic development. Article consists of two parts. The first part discusses the theoretical and empirical research on implications of conjuncture fluctuations and crises itself for income inequality. The second part refers to discretion of income inequality change during and after the financial crises 2007–2008 within the OECD countries. last part of the article is the conclusion that sums up the issues analyzed in the text.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2016, 47; 115-126
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności z pozycji interesów akcjonariuszy mniejszościowych
Ownership Inequalities: Protection of Minority Shareholder Rights
Autorzy:
Szewc-Rogalska, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-10-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
inequality
interests
minority shareholders
agency theory
Opis:
The article deals with the unequal treatment of company shareholders. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of minority shareholders and their interests. The author uses a research method that presents the position of minority shareholders in companies on the basis of the agency theory. Szewc-Rogalska shows the influence of dominant shareholders and top managers on the market value of companies (in light of both Polish and foreign empirical studies), along with a review of ways to limit inequality among shareholders. The analysis reveals that the position of minority shareholders can be threatened by agency conflicts that occur in companies. In companies with concentrated ownership, these conflicts are different than in companies with scattered ownership. After a dominant shareholder exceeds a certain level of ownership, the company is likely to face problems resulting from the shareholder’s desire to pursue their own interests at the expense of other shareholders. Inequalities among shareholders cannot be eradicated completely, and there is no single fully efficient mechanism to protect minority shareholder rights. A diverse range of activities is needed, including improved information transparency of companies and better corporate supervision, in addition to increased activity of minority shareholders and the creation of legal mechanisms to protect their interests.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2006, 211, 10; 49-60
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How does it feel to be a problem? The Diasporic Identity of the Homeless
Autorzy:
Asadi, Muhammed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Homelessness
Capitalism
Culture
Identity
Inequality
Poverty
Opis:
In this paper I uncover the identity response of the homeless to structural constraints that are facilitated through objectively produced and mass mediated culture. After an initial period of “liberation,” physical deprivation leads the homeless to seek institutionalized help. The “homeless” category constructed by the shelter industry absolves the system of blame and obfuscates the systemic roots of homelessness. In their picking and dropping of identities, and negotiations of meaning without any referential space to root themselves in, the homeless reveal to us the cultural tragedy of the present that affects us all due to rapid social change inherent in advanced capitalism.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2013, 9, 1; 76-93
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Etyczne aspekty zróżnicowania dochodów
Ethical aspects of income differentiation
Autorzy:
Wyżnikiewicz, Bohdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
income distribution
income inequality
top income
Opis:
Personal income differentiation (inequality) is widely observed. Various historical and cultural factors are responsible for this phenomenon. In the longer run, these factors lead to a log-normal distribution of income with country-specific parameters. Ethical aspects of income differentiation are discussed in this paper. The starting point for the discussion is a diagnosis of income differentiation in Poland and European Union countries based on statistical data. Another discussed issue is ethical dilemmas resulting from income inequalities. Special attention is paid to the relationship between income differentiation and economic growth. The ethical aspects of the ratio between lower and upper income in corporations are also discussed. The conclusion is that income differentiation and its change may influence economic growth in different ways. Extremely high income differentiation may lead to negative effects and is ethically doubtful.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2019, 22, 3; 75-85
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem nisko opłacanych pracowników w Polsce na tle innych krajów gospodarki rynkowej
Low-Wage Employment in Poland and other Developed Countries
Autorzy:
Golnau, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
low-wage
wage inequality
employment market
Opis:
Research which has been carried out in countries with developed market economies indicates that since the 1980s there has been a systematic increase in wage inequality. As a result, low-wage employment has increased. In recent years, many academic institutions in developed countries have been conducting research into the scale, causes and consequences of low wages. Such research has not as yet been systematically carried out in Poland. This article aims to contribute to the research. Its objective is to establish the scale and causes of low-wage employment in Poland in the last sixteen years. The contents of the article are divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the methodology of measuring low wages. The second part concerns the frequency of low wages in Poland and other countries with market economies. The third part of the article presents factors influencing the scale of the occurrence of low wages. According to the research, the number of people in low-wage employment in Poland systematically increased in the period from 1989 to 2004. In 2004 this number exceeded 22% of all working people. A similarly high percentage of low-wage employment is found only in Korea, Hungary, Great Britain, the USA and Canada.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of microfinance on income inequality: Perspective of developing countries
Autorzy:
Mahmoud Ali, Israa Ali
Ghoneim, Hebatallah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Developing countries
Income inequality
Microcredit
Microfinance
Opis:
Aim/purpose – Studying the impact of microfinance on income inequality from a macro- -economic perspective. Design/methodology/approach – Cross-sectional regression analysis is used to measure the effect of microfinance on the Gini index in a sample of 30 developing countries from across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe. A set of control variables are added to the model including: inflation, educational attainment, democracy, population growth, percentage of arable land to strengthen the model’s reliability. Findings – Results indicate that neither a positive nor a negative impact of microfinance on Gini index could be significantly proved for the sample countries. Research implications/limitations – Due to lack of data availability, research is conducted on a small sample of 30 countries. Therefore, to obtain more generalisable results, it is recommended for future research to use a larger sample. Originality/value/contribution – Microfinance is becoming a focal issue in alleviating poverty and inequality, and this paper’s main contribution is that it explores this matter from a macro-economic perspective by looking at the holistic impact of microcredit on a sample of developing countries. Hence, the paper provides further investigation and suggestions for a better implementation of microfinance policies.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2019, 35; 40-62
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Globalization and income inequality: a critical examination of the major economic and political challenges
Globalizacja i nierówności dochodowe
Autorzy:
Gwiazda, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/547724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
globalization
globality
income inequality
growth
inequality crisis
globalizacja
globalność
nierówności dochodowe
wzrost
kryzys nierówności
Opis:
In this paper an attempt was made to present the nature of contemporary globalization and its impact on the income inequalities both between-countries and within selected countries. The analysed statistical data confirm the fact that progressing globalization creates new forms of inequality. Globalization does not benefit everyone. Some countries and social classes (groups of people) are more affected by that process and only a few are less affected. However due to the positive influence of globalization on high-growth rates in emerging countries that process has brought about a visible reduction of between-country inequality. Alas, the inequality dynamics in many countries has increased, where the richest people own much of the wealth and poor and middle-class people are becoming poorer. The rising concentration of wealth will only accelerate the inequality crisis and bring about the slow-down of economic growth with all its negative consequences.
Celem niniejszego artykułu było wykazanie czy i w jakim zakresie globalizacja wywiera znaczący wpływ na nierówności dochodowe pomiędzy różnymi grupami krajów jak również w obrębie poszczególnych krajów. Dostępne dane statystyczne potwierdzają pojawianie się nowych form nierówności. Globalizacja nie jest jednak procesem korzystnym dla wszystkich. Wywiera ona także różny wpływ na poszczególne grupy krajów i klasy społeczne. Globalizacja miała i ma nadal pozytywny wpływ na wzrost gospodarczy. Przyczynia się do zmniejszenia nierówności pomiędzy poszczególnymi krajami. Natomiast w ramach poszczególnych krajów nastąpił dalszy wzrost nierówności pomiędzy najbogatszymi i najbiedniejszymi oraz klasą średnią, która w skali globalnej najbardziej straciła na globalizacji. Dalsza koncentracja bogactwa w rękach nielicznej grupy ludzi najbogatszych zwiększy kryzys nierówności i przyczyni się do zahamowania wzrostu gospodarczego .
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2018, 55; 9-21
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On certain weighted Schur type inequalities
Autorzy:
Beberok, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29521108.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Tarnowska
Tematy:
Schur type inequality
Markov type inequality
real polynomials
nierówność typu Schura
nierówność typu Markowa
wielomiany rzeczywiste
Opis:
In this note we give sharp Schur type inequalities for univariate polynomials with convex weights. Our approach will rely on application of two-dimensional Markov type inequalities, and also certain properties of Jacobi polynomials in order to prove sharpness.
Źródło:
Science, Technology and Innovation; 2022, 16, 3-4; 42-49
2544-9125
Pojawia się w:
Science, Technology and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Europeanization Policies on Immigrants’ Participation in Scandinavian Higher Education
Autorzy:
Dinah, Kagan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Higher Education
Education and Inequality
Economics of Minorities
Equity
Justice and Inequality
Migration
Europeanization
Immigration Law
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to provide further insights into the mechanisms contributing to the integration of immigrants in higher education. Recent immigration waves into Europe place pressure on European communities; However, mass immigration is only expected to increase. The immigrants’ influence on their host countries depends on their economic performance and how well they adapt. In this regard education serves as a key component towards successful integration. As European higher education transforms the influence of these reforms on the participation rates of immigrants is of relevance. A comparison between the participation rates of immigrants following the Europeanization of the Scandinavian higher education system provides interesting insights to these issues.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2019, 5 (19), 1; 32-52
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postawy mieszkańców Krakowa wobec Marszu Równości – raport z badań
Autorzy:
Piechota, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/528393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
tolerance
demonstrations
sexual minorities
social inequality
Opis:
Equality Parades, which are connected with demonstrating social diversity which is the source of social inequality of Polish society to the public and which have been organised in big Polish cities for a few years, get a varied public response. They evoke reluctance of a part of the society, are actively supported by others but the majority of Poles do not openly declare their support or disapproval for public manifesting of otherness and demanding equal rights for minorities. Lack of open manifestation of views thus makes it difficult to analyse tolerance level that would determine the actual attitude of Poles to minorities, including sexual ones. The survey that was carried out in Krakow after Equality Parade in 2010 was an attempt to examine the views of Krakow residents concerning the organisation of such demonstrations and getting to know the level of tolerance for public manifestation of views by minorities, including sexual ones.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2011, 4; 49-63
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Income inequality of households in Poland: A subgroup decomposition of generalized entropy measures
Nierówności dochodowe gospodarstw domowych w Polsce: dekompozycja miar uogólnionej entropii
Autorzy:
Muszyńska, Joanna
Wędrowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424900.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
income inequality
General Entropy measures
decomposition
Opis:
A formula of measures applied to assess the level of income inequality results from the intellectual basis on which this approach is founded. Our paper focuses on Generalized Entropy measures. The aim of our paper is two-fold. Firstly, it aims at presenting GE measures and discussing their properties, especially the property of additive decomposition. Secondly, the empirical aim is to assess the level of income inequality in Poland and to indicate its main determinants. In the study we use microdata obtained from EU-SILC that cover information about incomes received by individual household members in 2016. Five factors are chosen as the possible drivers of income inequality. The study proves the characteristics related to human capital are the most influential factors of income variability between households. The characteristics describing the composition of the household contribute to the overall level of inequality to a smaller extent.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2018, 22, 4; 43-64
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Characteristic of Theoretical Income Distributions and Their Application to the Analysis of Wage Distributions in Poland by Regions
Charakterystyka teoretycznych i empirycznych rozkładów płac i dochodów
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczak, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/905676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
income distribution
inequality
goodness-of-fit
Opis:
In the paper we compare the properties of theoretical income distributions from the point of view of their application to the analysis of wage distributions in Poland. Among them the lognormal and Dagum distributions were taken into consideration. On the basis of the theoretical density curves well fitted to the empirical ones income inequality measures were calculated. The estimation was conducted for the wages distributions in Poland in different divisions: by gender, by economic sector and by regions.
W artykule porównywano własności teoretycznych i empirycznych rozkładów płac i dochodów z punktu widzenia możliwości ich zastosowania do analizy rozkładów płac w Polsce. W szczególności rozważano takie rozkłady, jak logarytmiczno-normalny czy Daguma. Rozkłady teoretyczne, wykazujące wysoką zgodność z empirycznymi, zostały następnie wykorzystane do estymacji miar nierównomierności. Estymację przeprowadzono na podstawie rozkładów płac w Polsce w różnych przekrojach - według płci, sektora gospodarki oraz regionów.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2006, 196
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Long-term trends in international migration: lessons from macroeconomic model
Autorzy:
Docquier, Frédéric
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
international migration
projections
world economy
inequality
Opis:
In this paper I develop a stylized model of the world economy and use it to explain the long-run trends in international migration. The model very well fits the trends of the last 40 years which are mainly governed by the evolution of population disparities between industrialized and developing countries. Then I provide migration projections for the 21st century and show that future migration is also governed by socio-demographic changes. I predict a robust increase in immigration pressures from sub-Saharan Africa and MENA countries to European countries.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2018, 4(18), 1; 3-15
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposants de Łojasiewicz pour les fonctions semi-algébriques
Autorzy:
Fekak, Azzeddine
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1312165.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
semialgebraic
Łojasiewicz inequality
real spectrum
Nullstellensatz
Opis:
We prove the rationality of the Łojasiewicz exponent for semialgebraic functions without compactness hypothesis. In the parametric situation, we show that the parameter space can be divided into a finite number of semialgebraic sets on each of which the Łojasiewicz exponent is constant.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1991-1992, 56, 2; 123-131
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contribution of various income sources to interregional inequality of the per capita income in the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Malkina, Marina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
personal income
sources
interregional inequality
decomposition
Opis:
Research background: The reduction lately observed in interregional differences in the per capita income in Russia requires some clarification of the reasons. One possible way to do this could be decomposition of interregional inequality in personal incomes by income sources, i.e.: wages and salaries, property incomes, social transfers, entrepreneurship incomes and revenues from informal activities. Purpose of the article: The objective of this research is identification of the character, direction and degree of influence of various income sources on interregional inequality and convergence of Russian regions by their per capita income in 2001?2014.  Methods: We brought personal incomes in the regions to a comparable level using the relative cost of fixed consumer basket. Then we applied the population-weighted Gini coefficient, coefficient of variation, and the Theil index to measure the interregional inequality in personal incomes in dynamics. Further usage of various techniques of inequality decomposition allowed us to evaluate contribution of different types of income to the Russian regions? convergence across time. Findings & value added: Various types of income demonstrated different paths of interregional inequality, changes in interaction and in the shares of total income, which altogether influenced spatial inequality. Wages and salaries showed the largest and growing impact on inequality. The contribution of informal incomes to the overall inequality was the second largest, but diminishing and negatively interacting with other unevenly distributed types of income; thereby they provided more than half of the total interregional convergence. Entrepreneurship incomes revealed slightly decreasing influence on inequality, which was mainly neutralized by their reduction in the share of total income. Social transfers demonstrated the largest smoothing effect, however, their contribution to convergence was exhausted. Property incomes evidenced the greatest enhancing impact on inequality especially in the period of recovery. Additionally, informal incomes played the role of substitutes for formal incomes providing self-replicating mechanisms for reducing inequality in Russia.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2017, 12, 3
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inequality in Economics: The Concept, Perception, Types, and Driving Forces
Autorzy:
Jabłoński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-25
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
inequality
classification
mainstream economics
heterodox economics
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to overview the research on inequalities in economics. The paper is based on mainstream and heterodox economic theories and approaches addressing inequality and its economic interdependence. Methodology: Due to its positive and normative nature, inequality is a complex concept that eludes precise definition. The available application of mainstream and heterodox approach to study inequality and its economic interdependence allows for the identification of various components of inequality. Classifications that fall within the mainstream economics especially reveal less numerous and often even different types of inequalities compared to heterodox approaches. Moreover, what determines within-country inequality is the number of driving forces related to the factual and regulatory sphere of an economy. Findings: This study does not exhaust the general debate over inequality in economics. The question remains about the state of research dedicated to the outcomes of inequality, for instance, perceived in its dynamic and historical perspective. Moreover, there emerges a need to overview the theoretical and empirical research dedicated to inequality in terms of not only its driving forces but also economic outcomes.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2019, 27(1); 17-43
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation Analysis of the Effects of Increased Foreign Ownership on Wage Inequality
Autorzy:
Zulfiu Alili, Merita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
simulation analysis
foreign ownership
wage inequality
Opis:
Transition countries have, in general, experienced an increase in labour market inequality during and after the initial transition period. Theory and empirical studies analysing the causes and mechanisms of increasing inequality in transition economies identify globalisation, skilled-biased technological change, differences in access to schooling, the pattern and level of unemployment and institutions as important factors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased significantly in transition economies during the transition period and has been considered to be an important channel for the diffusion of new technology, managerial skills and new knowledge. As a result of technological and management expertise FDI may raise the level of wages in the host economies, improve working conditions and increase employment, though little previous research has focused on these effects in transition economies. Using the GINI coefficient as the measure of wage inequality a simulation analysis indicates that the net effects of FDI on wage inequality will depend in part on country specific factors, namely how large are the differences in skilled and unskilled wages, the skill-intensity of employment in foreign-owned firms compared to domestic ones and the relative size of the foreign-owned sector.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2014, 09; 140-158
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności w health literacy – aspekty przestrzenne i edukacyjne
Inequalities in health literacy – spatial and educational aspects
Autorzy:
Korporowicz-Żmichowska, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
health literacy
młodzież
nierówności
inequality
youth
Opis:
Health literacy (literacy) jest to zdolność jednostki do „odczytywania zdrowia” przez uzyskiwanie dostępu do informacji oraz efektywnego wykorzystywania jej w celu utrzymania dobrego stanu zdrowia. Przejawia się to przez: rozumienie treści przekazywanych w informacjach medycznych, umiejętności korzystania z usług medycznych, a następnie respektowanie zaleceń profesjonalistów. Występują tutaj jednak liczne nierówności. Nierówności te związane są zarówno z typem kształcenia (różnice między uczniami uczącymi się w różnych typach szkół), jak i przestrzenią, i to nie tylko między regionami, ale też wewnątrz regionów, czyli między młodzieżą mieszkającą w miastach i mieszkającą na wsiach.Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na nierówności dotyczące health literacy dorosłej, uczącej się młodzieży województwa mazowieckiego, biorąc pod uwagę typ kształcenia: licea ogólnokształcące, technika i szkoły branżowe i układ przestrzenny (miasto – wieś) oraz prezentacja sondażu diagnostycznego (badania) „Młodzież Mazowsza”. Tezą badania jest stwierdzenie, że nierówności w zachowaniach zdrowotnych zależne są od typu kształcenia i od zróżnicowań przestrzennych. Sondaż był realizowany wśród młodzieży uczącej się w szkołach ponadpodstawowych w roku szkolnym 2017/2018. Narzędziem badawczym jest tu skonstruowany na potrzeby badania autorski kwestionariusz ankiety do przeprowadzenia wywiadu audytoryjnego. Na podstawie sondażu z zakresu health literacy oceniano, w jaki sposób typ kształcenia wpływa na ocenę własnego zdrowia oraz na świadomość możliwości jego kształtowania przez własne zachowania, gdzie pod uwagę brano poszczególne wytypowane zachowania, a następnie zróżnicowania tych zachowań między miastem a wsią. W świetle badania „Młodzież Mazowsza” można zaobserwować wśród respondentów województwa mazowieckiego szczególnie ze szkół branżowych ogólną, stosunkowo niższą w stosunku do pozostałej badanej młodzieży ocenę własnego zdrowia i zachowań zdrowotnych. Natomiast brak jest istotnych zróżnicowań między miastem a wsią.
Health literacy is the ability of an individual to “read health” by accessing information and using it effectively to maintain good health. This is manifested by understanding the content provided in medical information, the ability to use medical services and then respecting the recommendations of professionals. However, there are numerous inequalities here. These inequalities are related both to the type of education (differences between students studying in different types of schools) and space, and not only between regions, but also within regions, i.e. between young people living in cities and those living in rural areas.The aim of the article is to indicate the inequalities regarding the health literacy of adult learning youths in the Mazowieckie voivodeship, taking into account the type of education: general secondary schools, technical and industry schools, as well as the spatial arrangement (urban – rural) and the presentation of the diagnostic (research) survey: “Youth of Mazowsze”. The thesis of the study is the statement that inequalities in health behaviours depend on the type of education and on spatial differences. The study was carried out among young people studying in secondary schools in 2017/2018. The research tool here is the author’s questionnaire designed for the purpose of the research, to be used in an auditorium interview. Based on the study in the field of health literacy, it was assessed how the type of education affects the assessment of one’s own health and the awareness of the possibility of shaping it by one’s own behaviour, where individual selected behaviours were taken into account, and then the differentiation of these behaviours between the city and the countryside.In the light of the “Youth of Mazowsze” study, one can observe among the respondents of the Mazowieckie Voivodship, especially from trade schools, a general, relatively lower assessment of their own health and health behaviours compared to the rest of the surveyed youth. However, there were no differences between the city and the countryside.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2023, 73; 75-91
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inequality and Students’ PISA 2018 Performance: a Cross-Country Study
Nierówności a wyniki badania umiejętności uczniów PISA 2018: porównanie międzykrajowe
Autorzy:
Mazurek, Jiri
Fernández García, Carlos
Pérez Rico, Cristina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812109.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
edukacja
wskaźnik nierówności płci
indeks Giniego
nierówności
PISA
education
gender inequality index
Gini index
inequality
PISA 2018
Opis:
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between countries’ PISA study results from 2018 and a set of indices related to socio-economic inequality, such as the Gini index, human development index, or gender inequality index, along with purely economic variables, such as GDP per capita and government expenditure on education. The study covered 70 countries, consisting of 37 OECD countries and 33 non-OECD countries. Research methods included multivariate linear regression models, k-means clustering, and hierarchical clustering. Our findings revealed that the Gini index was statistically insignificant, indicating income inequality had little effect on students’ PISA performance. On the other hand, the gender inequality index was the single most statistically significant explanatory variable for both OECD and non-OECD countries. Therefore, our recommendation for policymakers is simple: increase students’ PISA performance, thus enhancing countries’ human capital and competitiveness, and focus on decreasing gender disparity and the associated loss of achievement due to gender inequality.
Celem tego artykułu było zbadanie związku między wynikami badania PISA przeprowadzonego w poszczególnych krajach w 2018 r. a zestawem wskaźników związanych z nierównościami społeczno-ekonomicznymi, takimi jak indeks Giniego, wskaźnik rozwoju społecznego czy wskaźnik nierówności płci, oraz ze zmiennymi czysto ekonomicznymi, takimi jak PKB per capita i wydatki rządowe na edukację. Badaniem objęto 70 krajów, w tym 37 krajów OECD i 33 kraje spoza OECD. Metody badawcze obejmowały wielowymiarowe modele regresji liniowej, grupowanie k‑średnich i grupowanie hierarchiczne. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy wykazały, że wskaźnik Giniego był statystycznie nieistotny, co wskazuje, że nierówności dochodowe miały niewielki wpływ na wyniki uczniów w badaniu PISA. Z drugiej strony, wskaźnik nierówności płci był jedyną najbardziej istotną statystycznie zmienną objaśniającą zarówno dla krajów OECD, jak i spoza OECD. Dlatego nasza rekomendacja dla decydentów jest prosta: należy zwiększyć wyniki uczniów w badaniu PISA, a tym samym osiągnąć poprawę w obszarze kapitału ludzkiego i konkurencyjności krajów, oraz skupić się na zmniejszaniu nierówności płci i związanej z tym utraty osiągnięć edukacyjnych wynikających z nierówności płci.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2021, 24, 3; 163-183
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new result on the quasi power increasing sequences
Autorzy:
Özarslan, Hikmet Seyhan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1797172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
almost increasing sequence
Hölder inequality
infinite series
Minkowski inequality
Riesz mean
quasi power increasing sequence
summability factor
Opis:
This paper presents a theorem dealing with absolute matrix summability of infinite series. This theorem has been proved taking quasi $β$-power increasing sequence instead of almost increasing sequence.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Mathematica; 2020, 19; 95-103
2300-133X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wysokość redystrybucji dochodu krajowego a skala nierówności dochodowej. Przykład Szwecji i USA
Scale of Domestic Income Redistribution and Scale of Inequality in Sweden and US
Autorzy:
Głuch, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/548931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
redystrybucja PKB
stopa redystrybucji PKB
nierówności
miary nierówności
redistribution GDP
GDP redistribution rate
inequality
measures of inequality
Opis:
Skala redystrybucji dochodów w Szwecji jest większa niż w USA od początku lat 70. XX wieku. Jest to, w badanym okresie, przewaga znacząca (w okresie 1971–2013, w Stanach Zjednoczonych stopa redystrybucji waha się w przedziale 30–40% PKB, natomiast w Szwecji 40–70% PKB). Zdecydowana większość wydatków rządowych w Szwecji jest przeznaczana na wydatki na ochronę socjalną, w ramach której ponoszone są wydatki na transfery i zasiłki wyrównujące poziom dochodów. Porównanie stopnia nierówności dochodowej w badanych krajach wskazuje na to, że zróżnicowanie poziomu dochodów w Szwecji jest mniejsze niż w USA. Można więc postawić tezę, że wyższa stopa redystrybucji jest związana z mniejszym zróżnicowaniem poziomu dochodów. Jednak dla badanych krajów odmienne są cele polityki gospodarczej. Jest to przyczyna, dla której porównywanie stopnia nierówności dochodowej jako wyznacznika skuteczności prowadzonej polityki gospodarczej i oceny funkcjonowania gospodarki jest nieuzasadnione. Jako jeden z podstawowych postulatów polityki gospodarczej w Szwecji jest stawiany postulat wyrównywania dochodów. W Stanach Zjednoczonych takiego postulatu nie ma. Dla polityki gospodarczej Stanów Zjednoczonych ważniejsze niż wyrównywanie dochodów jest zmniejszanie zakresu ubóstwa. Pomiar stopy ubóstwa jest związany z medianą dochodu w badanym kraju. Aby porównać zakres ubóstwa w Szwecji i USA konieczna jest bardziej szczegółowa analiza.
Scale of income redistribution in Sweden is higher than in the USA from the beginning of 1970‘s. In the analysed period (in years between 1970–2013, in the USA redistribution rate oscillated in range of 30%–40% GDP). Most of government’s expenditures in Sweden is allocated to welfare, that is used to spend money on transfers and benefits that are equalising income level. The comparison of income differences in the analysed countries shows that income level diversity is greater in USA than in Sweden. Due to that we can propose thesis that higher redistribution rate is a result of lover income diversity of income. But for the countries analysed we must remember that aims of economic objectives are significantly different. That is the explanation why we should not consider the income diversity as the indicator of economic effectiveness. The main objective of Swedish economic policy is income equality. In the USA there is not such significant target. For this country policy more important purpose is diminishing the poverty area. We can measure the poverty level using the median of income. But for complete comparison we need more detailed studies.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2015, 42; 197-210
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How to get rid of one of the weights in a two-weight Poincaré inequality?
Autorzy:
Franchi, Bruno
Hajłasz, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1207966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
weights
doubling measures
metric spaces
Poincaré inequality
Opis:
We prove that if a Poincaré inequality with two different weights holds on every ball, then a Poincaré inequality with the same weight on both sides holds as well.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 2000, 74, 1; 97-103
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Gini coefficient as a measure of disproportionality
Autorzy:
Dniestrzański, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
inequality measure
the Gini coefficient
mathematics teaching
Opis:
Measures of inequality, properly adapted, often tend to be used as a tool to address the issue of disproportionality. The most popular of them, such as the Gini or Atkinson coefficient, or entropy coefficient can, under certain circumstances, act as measures of disproportionality. However, one must specify precisely what is to be measured and interpret the results consistently. In this paper we analyze what confusion or outright errors can be committed when using inequality coefficients. The presented analysis is aimed at the Gini coefficient, however, the problem also applies to the rest of the coefficients.
Źródło:
Didactics of Mathematics; 2015, 12(16); 25-34
1733-7941
Pojawia się w:
Didactics of Mathematics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Local subdifferentials and multivariational inequalities in Banach and Frechet spaces
Autorzy:
Kasyanov, P. O.
Mel'nik V., S.
Piccirillo, A. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/255055.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
local subdifferential
multi-variational inequality
Frechet space
Opis:
Some functional-topological concepts of subdifferential and locally subdifferential maps in Frechet spaces are established. Multivariational inequalities with an operator of the pseudomonotone type, connected with subdifferential maps, are considered.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2008, 28, 3; 295-311
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the uniqueness of continuous solutions of functional equations
Autorzy:
Gaweł, Bolesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311613.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
functional equation
functional inequality
periodic point
cycle
Opis:
We consider the problem of the vanishing of non-negative continuous solutions ψ of the functional inequalities (1) ψ(f(x)) ≤ β(x,ψ(x)) and (2) α(x,ψ(x)) ≤ ψ(f(x)) ≤ β(x,ψ(x)),
where x varies in a fixed real interval I. As a consequence we obtain some results on the uniqueness of continuous solutions φ :I → Y of the equation (3) φ(f(x)) = g(x,φ(x)), where Y denotes an arbitrary metric space.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1994-1995, 60, 3; 231-239
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Solution of a Finite Element Approximation of a Linear Obstacle Plate Problem
Autorzy:
Fernandes, L. M.
Figueiredo, I. N.
Judice, J. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/907894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
matematyka
variational inequality
complementarity problem
contact problem
Opis:
In this paper the solution of a finite element approximation of a linear obstacle plate problem is investigated. A simple version of an interior point method and a block pivoting algorithm have been proposed for the solution of this problem. Special purpose implementations of these procedures are included and have been used in the solution of a set of test problems. The results of these experiences indicate that these procedures are quite efficient to deal with these instances and compare favourably with the path-following PATH and the active-set MINOS codes of the commercial GAMS collection
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2002, 12, 1; 27-40
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparing Income Distributions - Methods and their Application to Wage Distributions in Poland
Porównywanie rozkładów dochodów - metody i ich wykorzystywanie do analizy rozkładów płac w Polsce
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczak, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/905029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
income distribution
economic distance
social welfare
inequality
Opis:
Rankings of income distributions are usually based on comparisons of social welfare. Assuming more or less general form of a social welfare function we can compare income distributions in time and in space. Income inequality can be compared by means of the well known Lorenz curve but the results will be ambiguous when the Lorenz functions of the considered populations intersect. Generalized Lorenz curves and quantile functions are more useful tools for ranking income distributions but in many situations it is necessary to make additional assumptions concerning social preferences reflected in a social welfare function. In the paper we present the methods useful for ranking income distributions and their application to the analysis of wage distributions in Poland. As a theoretical distribution the Dagum type-I model has been used.
Porównywanie rozkładów dochodów może być przeprowadzane na podstawie różnych kryteriów. Jedną z metod jest zastosowanie współczynników dystansu ekonomicznego Porównując rozkłady dochodów z punktu widzenia zamożności rozważanych populacji, bierzemy pod uwagę dwa aspekty tego zagadnienia - różnice w średnich poziomach dochodów oraz różnice w ich nierównomierności. Porównywanie nierównomierności może się odbywać za pomocą krzywych Lorenza - wyniki będą jednak niejednoznaczne, np. gdy funkcje Lorenza przecinają się Bardziej uniwersalnym narzędziem do rangowania rozkładów dochodów są uogólnione funkcji Lorenza oraz funkcje kwantylowe. Wymagają one jednak przyjęcia pewnych dodatkowych założeń dotyczących funkcji dobrobytu, która jest wyrazem preferencji społecznych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania powyższych metod dla rozkładów płac w Polsce. Jako rozkład teoretyczny wykorzystany został rozkład Daguma pierwszego typu.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2009, 225
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inequality and politics in Brazil: Bolsa Familia and beyond
Autorzy:
Dowbor, Ladislau
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Bolsa Familia
inclusion
inequality
Lula da Silva
Opis:
The Bolsa Familia program of money transfers to the roughly 50 million poor at the bottom of the pyramid is internationally known but its success was grounded in a much wider set of 149 programs constituting an integrated and inter-sector policy. With inequality presently soaring not only in Brazil but throughout the world the aim of this paper is to understand how inclusive and sustainable policies can work both for society and the economy and assess their performance in Brazil as an illustration of institutional change as a key approach. Equally essential is understanding the power of the global financial interests which generated the drama of 1 percent having more wealth than the other 99 percent. Both mechanisms, of inclusion and exclusion, are analyzed here, on the basis of the Brazilian experience.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2020, 6, 4; 7-26
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perception of Women in Top Managerial Positions in Poland
Autorzy:
Górska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
gender
top management
leadership
inequality
women
perception
Źródło:
Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2017, 1; 16-32
2450-7814
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówność płci w wychowaniu i resocjalizacji młodzieży w perspektywie badań przedstawicieli oświaty, resocjalizacji i pracy socjalnej
Gender Inequality in Youth Education and Resocialization Based on Research of Representatives of Education, Resocialization, and Social Work
Autorzy:
Kacała, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50467447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social inequality
gender
education
resocialization
youth
correction
Opis:
My interest in issues of social inequality, in particular gender inequality, as well as my desire to understand the gender differences I observed in the causes of girls’ placement in the Youth Education Centre, contributed to my research and this follow-up article. Studies have been carried out as qualitative research. The researcher, applying an instruction manual, interviewed eight representatives of education, resocialization, and social work. The interviews concerned social inequality and the situation of contemporary youth. The main research problem was the question of how representatives of education, resocialization, and social work perceive girls’ and boys’ behaviour and correction applied to them due to gender? Analysis and interpretation of the interviewees’ opinions indicated a meaning of the internalized gender image. Moreover, the research can help realize that the disproportionately high number of women working in education, resocialization, and social issues has an impact on the reproduction of cultural patterns and social standards, which further consolidates gender inequality.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2023, 70; 201-223
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Periodic solutions for second-order Hamiltonian systems with a p-Laplacian
Autorzy:
Zhang, Xingyong
Tang, Xianhua
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Second-order Hamiltonian systems
p-Laplacian
periodic solution
Sobolev’s inequality
Wirtinger’s inequality
the least action principle
Opis:
In this paper, by using the least action principle, Sobolev’s inequality and Wirtinger’s inequality, some existence theorems are obtained for periodic solutions of second-order Hamiltonian systems with a p-Laplacian under subconvex condition, sublinear growth condition and linear growth condition. Our results generalize and improve those in the literature.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2010, 54, 1
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subadditive functions and partial converses of Minkowski's and Mulholland's inequalities
Autorzy:
Matkowski, J.
Świątkowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1208624.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
subadditive function
homeomorphisms of $ℝ_+$
Mulholland's inequality
convex function
iteration
measure space
the converse of Minkowski's inequality
Opis:
Let ϕ be an arbitrary bijection of $ℝ_+$. We prove that if the two-place function $ϕ^{-1}[ϕ (s)+ϕ (t)]$ is subadditive in $ℝ^2_+$ then $ϕ $ must be a convex homeomorphism of $ℝ_+$. This is a partial converse of Mulholland's inequality. Some new properties of subadditive bijections of $ℝ_+$ are also given. We apply the above results to obtain several converses of Minkowski's inequality.
Źródło:
Fundamenta Mathematicae; 1993, 143, 1; 75-85
0016-2736
Pojawia się w:
Fundamenta Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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