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Tytuł:
State Security Policy and Changing the Nature of the Conflict after the End of the Cold War Rivalry
Autorzy:
Korczyc, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1808042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-21
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
new war
Liberia
conflict
Cold War
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to try to determine the essence of the new face of armed conflict. Liberia is the main point of reference in the analysis for two reasons. Firstly, Liberia is the oldest independent republic on the African continent and its establishing is linked to paradoxical events begun in 1821, when black people settling in the vicinity of Monrovia, former slaves liberated from South American cotton plantations, reconstructed a slave-like type of society, taking local, poorly organised tribes as their subjects. Secondly, Liberia proves that the intensity of changes in armed conflict does not have to be strictly dependent on the size of the land: a country of small geographical size can equal or even exceed countries with several times larger surface in terms of features of “new wars”. In 1989 in Liberia, the nine-year presidency of Samuel Doe, characterised by exceptional ineptitude and bloody terror, led to the outbreak of clashes between government forces and the opposition from National Patriotic Front of Liberia, led by Charles Taylor. Thus, the first civil war in Liberia was begun, that lasted until 1997 and became an arena of mass violations of human rights, leaving behind 150,000 dead victims and about 850,000 refugees to neighbouring countries.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2019, 30(30); 22-39
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
<i>Campaigning Culture and the Global Cold War: The Journals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom</i>, edited by Giles Scott-Smith and Charlotte Lerg
Autorzy:
Cohn, Deborah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/626240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Cold War
Global cold war
book review
Giles Scott-Smith
Charlotte Lerg
cultural freedom
Opis:
A book review of: Giles Scott-Smith, and Charlotte Lerg, editors, Campaigning Culture and the Global Cold War: The Journals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Źródło:
Review of International American Studies; 2019, 12, 2; 159-166
1991-2773
Pojawia się w:
Review of International American Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Nuclear Holocaust: Sylvia Plath as a Mother Poet
Autorzy:
Kimura, Keiko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/545304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
Sylvia Plath
Nuclear Holocaust
Cold War
Opis:
Sylvia Plath is a kind of poet whose personal experience enlarges to the larger historical one. We can find it in her invocation of historical tragedies such as the Holocaust and Hiroshima. Plath uses these tragedies to reveal her anxieties under the pressure of the Cold War. In this paper, I write about her reference to the Holocaust in light of the specter of nuclear war. Plath produced a variety of poems in the last quarter of 1962. In October especially, in the month of the Cuban Missile Crisis which occurred at the height of the Cold War, she created 25 poems, which were later called the “October Poems”. It seems that her dominated anxieties triggered her to write a host of poems. This time I focus on Plath’s mother-child related poems. Her anxieties about the effects of nuclear bombs were directly connected to her children.
Źródło:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne; 2016, 6; 141-150
2353-4699
Pojawia się w:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Stalinism and Infrastructural Globalism: The International Geophysical Year (1957–8) in Czechoslovakia, Poland and German Democratic Republic
Autorzy:
Olšáková, Doubravka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Cold War
Eastern Europe
Cold War science
infrastructural globalism
international geophysical year
GDR
Polska
Czechoslovakia
Opis:
This article analyses the political, scientific, and social circumstances of the beginning of infrastructural globalism in Eastern Europe, using the example of the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). This research programme led to the establishment of the first large global infrastructures operating in Eastern Europe, i.e. behind the Iron Curtain, under the auspices of international organizations (UNESCO, ICSU). Following the Geneva conference in 1955, large infrastructures and ‘big data’ science were supposed to become part of Soviet science diplomacy. The paper shows that while the Soviet Union and East-European countries accepted the challenge and became part of the global scientific community, nevertheless specific features of data and information control remained under the strict surveillance of the USSR.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 115
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WIDMO EKONOMICZNEJ KATASTROFY CZY STRACH PRZED KOMUNIZMEM? MOTYWY PLANU MARSHALLA W ŚWIETLE AMERYKAŃSKICH DOKUMENTÓW1
THE SPECTER OF ECONOMIC DISASTER OR FEAR OF COMMUNISM? THEMES OF THE MARSHALL PLAN IN THE LIGHT OF AMERICAN DOCUMENTS
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Marshall Plan
Cold War
economic reconstruction
Opis:
The European Recovery Program was one of the most creative and inspired acts in modern American diplomacy. The article discusses the sequence of events prior to an-nouncement of the Plan at Harvard University within the aim of providing arguments on the significance of economic and political factors of the Marshall Plan. The starting point was set in early 1947 when G. C. Marshall took the office of the Secretary of State. Then the Moscow conference and subsequent radio speech by Marshall is described. The text also comments on D. Acheson’s speech in Delta Council, Cleveland and deals with the Policy Planning Staff established by Marshall soon after his arrival from Moscow con-ference. The central part of the article is devoted to the report of the Policy Planning Staff (May 1947) and the alarmist memorandum prepared by William Clayton. In the final paragraph, the Marshall Plan speech of June, 5th is analysed in respect of its importance in both economic and political circumstances.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 13, 2; 98-112 (15)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ukraine’s Fight for Democracy and a new Limited Cold War
Autorzy:
Stanton, Don
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
Ukraine
Zelenskyy
Cold War
NATO
democracy
Opis:
Objectives: Analysis of geopolitical changes in the world resulting from Russia's aggression in Ukraine in 2022. Methods: The research methods include the analysis of reports and documentation and the current political and military situation. Results: The article answers four research questions: 1) To what extent does Ukraine represent a pivotal point in a limited Cold War with Russia countering the expansion of democracy? 2) What is the future of Ukraine and what issues remained to be resolved? 3) What are the differences between the Cold War of 1947-91 and today's limited Cold War? 4) Why did the West not want to believe that Russia would attack Ukraine? Three reasons are articulated: the West was blinded by the vision of "pursuing peace through trade" (especially in the field of energy). Conclusions: Ukraine's valiant struggle to save its democracy from Vladimir Putin's brutal invasion is the pivotal point of our time. As countries and companies seek to return to or maintain relations with Russia despite the brutal war that has disrupted the world order, it remains to be seen how long democratic nations will be able to maintain their unity. . On one side are the democratic nations of the West, the Pacific and NATO, and on the other are autocratic Russia, China and their allies. This is a renewed but limited Cold War that will dominate nations for decades to come.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2022, 7, 13; 28--47
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fidel Castro and the Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution, 1959-1963
Autorzy:
Aremu, Johnson Olaosebikan
Soetan, Stephen Olayiwola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Cold War
Cuba
Fidel Castro
Reforms
Revolution
Opis:
This paper explores the success story of the Cuban revolution of 1959. It documents the remote and immediate factors that instigated the revolution, particularly, the resentment against the corrupt, repressive and dictatorial rule of Fulgencio Batista; America’s neocolonial domination of Cuban economy and politics as well as; the lackluster economic growth of Cuba that benefitted foreigners but impoverished Cuban peasants. The paper further interrogate the factors that aided the success of the revolution and the many reforms introduced by Fidel Castro, the charismatic leader of the revolution, right from the first month of the new government; through which the revolution was consolidated initially, and has remained formidable since the past fifty-eight years, even in the midst of United States antagonism. The study employed the eclectic method of inquiry adopting mix of historical, descriptive and interpretative methods of data collection and analysis. The study relied heavily on secondary data sourced from journal articles, textbooks, newspapers and magazines and other relevant materials including theses, dissertations and government reports. Facts and information obtained were, however, subjected to corroboration and critical analysis to enhance objectivity.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 87; 60-76
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O VZŤAHU BEZPEČNOSTNÝCH A STRATEGICKÝCH ŠTÚDIÍ
Autorzy:
VOJTECH, JURČÁK,
MARTIN, TREBULA,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-09
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
security studies
strategic studies
Cold-War Era
Opis:
The aim of this article is to introduce roles and relation between security and strategic studies. The authors describe security and strategic studies in the Cold War Era and in the Post-Cold War Era. They also focus in current and future aiming of strategic studies and note, that fears of some experts that strategic studies would lose their importance after Cold-War Era did not confirm. On the contrary current international security environment form new challenges and questions, which must be answer by persuasive arguments.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2017, 28; 94-105
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hollywood na frontach zimnej wojny
Hollywood on the Cold War Frontline
Autorzy:
Włodek, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
Tematy:
makkartyzm
zimna wojna
Hollywood
McCarthyism
Cold War
Opis:
Lata 50. przeszły do historii Ameryki jako czas makkartyzmu, polowania na czarownice i czarnych list. Pod wpływem interesów wielkich wytwórni i powojennej zmiany w Waszyngtonie, gdy władzę przejęli republikanie, atmosferę zimnej wojny zaczęto wykorzystywać do wewnętrznych rozgrywek. Narzędziem makkartyzmu, które najbardziej dotknęło Hollywood, była Komisja do spraw Badania Działalności Antyamerykańskiej w latach 1947-1960 prowadząca przesłuchania pracowników branży filmowej w poszukiwaniu komunistów i ludzi o niewygodnych poglądach. Skutkowało to atmosferą zastraszania, inkryminacją określonych tematów, zakazami pracy, miało też wpływ na kształt kinematografii amerykańskiej w latach 50. – dominację bądź deficyt pewnych kwestii, a nawet narodziny całych gatunków i nurtów filmowych.
The 1950s are remembered in the American history as a time of McCarthyism, witch hunting and black lists. Due to the politics and influence of big production studios and post-war changes in Washington, when the Republicans took over, the atmosphere of Cold War was used in internal strife. McCarthyism, and its arm in the form of Committee on Un-American Activities which affected Hollywood the most, carried out investigations among workers of the film industry in search of communists and people of inconvenient views. This resulted in an atmosphere of intimidation, incrimination of certain topics, work bans, and influenced the overall shape of 1950s American cinematography – causing a domination or deficit of certain problems and giving rise to whole new themes and film genres.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Filmowy; 2016, 93-94; 67-83
0452-9502
2719-2725
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Filmowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Historiographical Review of Studies on Sino-Indonesian Relations during the Early Stages of the Cold War, 1949–1967
Autorzy:
Mason, Richard
Yanjie, Gao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international relations
Cold War
Sino-Indonesian Relations
Opis:
The Sino-Indonesian relationship is an important research topic in Cold War studies. Since the 1960s, a number of scholarly works have been published on the subject. The declassification of diplomatic documents in various countries, and particularly the opening of the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives following the end of the Cold War, has led to new developments in the studies on Sino-Indonesian relations. Much of this research, however, has been focused on the period from 1949 to 1965, because soon after the Indonesian military coup of September 1965, Sino-Indonesian diplomatic relations was suspended and was not restored until 1990. This article is a historiographical overview of the more controversial topics in Sino-Indonesian relations between 1949 through 1965 in scholarly publications that have came out over the past half decade. These topics include, among others, the establishment and evolution of Sino-Indonesian diplomatic relations; the standpoint of the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia –PKI) toward the Sino-Soviet split; China’s reactions to the anti-Chinese movements that occurred in Indonesia between 1959 through 1961; and the cultural relations between Indonesia and China. The discussion here is limited to publications in the English and Chinese languages; this paper does not make any attempt to include relevant scholarly works that may have been published in Bahasa Indonesia or other languages.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2014, 5; 183-209
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
People, Government Legitimacy, and the Risk for Abuse: a Discussion
Autorzy:
Beshenich, Caroline
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-23
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
Tematy:
Cold War
Constructivism
John Paul II
legitimacy
freedom
Opis:
The article seeks to understand the relationship between government legitimacy and the citizens of a state. Specifically, it looks how the person’s ability to build a family and fulfill their purpose can be enabled or inhibited by their government’s actions. The article proposes building a framework based on the Personalism found in John Paul II’s work Love and Responsibility, as the basis for an approach that governments can look towards in the effort to take citizen-based actions internationally and domestically. This will ensure the State’s people are respected and their dignity upheld. Without considering the person in these processes, it is possible to overlook them in politics, and so put them at risk for abuse.
Źródło:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal; 2023, 1, 1; 149-167
2450-3576
2719-3217
Pojawia się w:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ontology of the War in Ukraine : Cold War Revives
Autorzy:
Reśkiewicz, Patryk
Najdzik, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
Belarus
Ukraine
geopolitics
New Cold War
Russian Federation
Opis:
Objectives: The identification of political-military determinants of the full-scale phase of the war in Ukraine which has been going on since 2014. The said goal shall be achieved by analyzing the boundary conditions of the Russian security policy against the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the geostrategic conditioning of the Republic of Belarus. Methods: The following techniques have been implemented in the article: qualitative analysis and critical analysis of the source literature, synthesis - cause and effect associations. The statistical method has also been used. The empirical methods include abstract modelling for the construction of simplified models of the description of reality with reference to the object of analysis. Results: The three goals mentioned beforehand have been achieved in the article through (1) showing the main strategic and operational assumptions of the Russian Federation with regard to its national security policy, (2) the role of incorporated Belarus in the military operation being carried out, (3) the estimation of the main assumptions of the military campaign. Conclusions: T the neo-imperial policy carried out by the Russian Federation towards the neighboring countries is the main determinant of the warfare in Ukraine. Russian willingness to reestablish the regional order in Central and Eastern Europe determines the next phase of the military campaign. Over the past years, Belarus has been gradually integrated as a Union Member State. It may be assumed that Belarus will become a subjugated country of Russia - which increases the possibility of Belarus being involved in military conflicts carried by the Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2021, 6, 12; 1--19
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human security within the context of globalization – the individual as international (global) actor
Autorzy:
Ştefanachi, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
security
human security
Cold War
individual
human rights
Opis:
In the middle of the 1990s the concept of human security is introduced as a  reflection of general change of the stress from the military state‑centric issues (assumed by the realist and neo‑realist orthodoxism) towards those non‑military. This new narrative consists in the transformation of the individual into the reference object of security, due to the fact that, under the pressure of globalization, the state is moved away (at least partially) from the epicenter of policy making. So, the concept of security is extended from the security of the nations to the security of the individuals, from the nation to the international system, is extending by supplementing the military perspective with the political, economic and environmental ones and thus, the range of security can basically receive human dimension. By the mechanisms and the normative principles of such a  perspective it is possible to identify some important arguments that human security can be fundamental in the justification of the ethics of interventions and by by‑passing the state to offer the ultimate argument for just war theory (used to address the moral and legal aspects linked with the use of military force).
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2013, 20, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Falklands Conflict – History and Predictions for The Future
Autorzy:
Bodziany, Marek
Kotasińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Falklands
Islas Malvina
cold war
conflict
natural resources
Opis:
The key focus of the article is the conflict over the Falkland Islands – a corner of the world that has been disputed for centuries due to its unique geographical location and rich natural resources. While the location factor had been the source of antagonism between Argentina and the United Kingdom since the 19th century already, the second element is relatively new; the most relevant discoveries were made only in the late 20th century. Experiences gained from the short, but very costly conflict of 1982 show that the Falklands crisis has not been completely resolved, and the threat of outbreak of a new conflict over the Islands in the future is real.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2018, 24 (31); 9-32
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“La scintilla della libertà”: il 1956 polacco nella pubblicistica italiana
“The spark of freedom”: the Polish 1956 in Italian press
Autorzy:
Bellifemine, Onofrio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051896.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-15
Wydawca:
Ateneum - Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku
Tematy:
giornalismo
Polonia
guerra fredda
1956
: Journalism
Polska
Cold War
Opis:
Nel 1956 la Polonia è stata attraversata da significative trasformazioni politiche, culturali e sociali. Queste sono connesse agli eventi che hanno stravolto il Pcus e il comunismo internazionale dopo la denuncia dei crimini commessi da Stalin durante il XX congresso del partito tenutosi a Mosca. Particolarmente significative sono state l'emergere di una corrente riformista all'interno del PZPR, la rivolta operaia di Poznan e la sua severa repressione, il ritorno alla segreteria del partito di Władysław Gomułka e l'apertura di una nuova fase politica che ispirerà la rivolta di Budapest. Queste vicende hanno goduto di una grande attenzione presso l'opinione pubblica internazionale. Nel seguente saggio si analizza in modo critico come la stampa italiana ha ricostruito questi fatti, quali interpretazioni sono state fornite a seconda delle fasi sulla Polonia e sulle e voluzioni della situazione politica.
In 1956 Poland underwent significant political, cultural and social transformations. These are connected to the events that upset the PCUS and international communism after the denunciation of the crimes committed by Stalin during the 20th Congress of the Party held in Moscow. Very important were: the emergence of a reformist current within the PZPR, the Poznan workers' revolt and its severe repression, the return to the party secretariat of Władysław Gomułka and the opening of a new political phase that will inspire the revolt in Budapest. These events received a great deal of attention in international public opinion. In the following essay we critically analyse how the Italian press reconstructed these facts, what interpretations were given on Poland and on the evolution of the political situation.
Źródło:
Forum Filologiczne Ateneum; 2021, 9, 1; 231-249
2353-2912
2719-8537
Pojawia się w:
Forum Filologiczne Ateneum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The U.S. Supreme Court and the Cold War: Fear V. Security. The Times of Vinson Court and Warren Court
Autorzy:
Laidler, Pawel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
fear v. security
U.S. Supreme Court
cold war
Opis:
The main field of my study concerns the role of the Supreme Court in American legal and political system. My research frequently focuses on the case law, especially on some of the most important cases in the Court’s history, and on their influence on the whole of political, economic, and social relations of the country. I personally believe that American federal judges – among whom the most influential are the Justices of the Supreme Court – have gained more power than the Framers of the Constitution agreed to give them. Such situation occurred mostly because of the creation of the power of judicial review by the Supreme Court, which allowed the judiciary to determine the contitutionality of acts created by the other branches of government.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 159-173
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile – ICBM – a Symbol of “Cold War”?
Autorzy:
Kościelniak, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Cold War
nuclear weapon
ICBM-Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
Opis:
World War II marked the beginning of the forty-five years long period of tense peace, described as the Cold War. Two superpowers that emerged from World War II started to compete for hegemony over the world, representing two diametrically different political and economic systems. In any other historical period, such situation would lead to an inevitable great war, but after 1945 the competition was threatened by the possibility of using nuclear weapon whose capability of destruction was so enormous that neither of parties ventured direct confrontation. World War II contributed to scientific advancement that played a crucial role in the military progress of these states. The development of technologies assisting nuclear weapon resulted in a revolutionary change in military capability provided by the parties of the conflict. Rocket projectiles were the symbol of the 20th century, due to the fact that they carried humans into space, but also because they carried deadly weapon capable of killing hundreds thousands people. This combination of nuclear weapon with medium-range and intercontinental missiles caused that the world had to face permanent threat.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2015, 6; 20-29
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Informational Support of Civilian Intelligence for Heavy Industry (Including Machine Industry) and the Energy Sector in the Polish People’s Republic in the Years 1970–1990
Autorzy:
Sikora, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
scientific-technical intelligence
industrial espionage
Polska
Cold War
Comecon
Opis:
Throughout the existence of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR), its scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) supported Polish mining, energy, metallurgy, and machine industries. Cooperation with companies and research and development centers intensified in the first half of the 1970s, as a natural consequence of the experience accumulated by the intelligence service in the previous fifteen years. The most crucial issues related to the improvement of secret methods of acquiring technologies for the Polish economy were defining the scope of the tasks, i.e. the types of technologies which can be acquired by intelligence or purchased in the black market, selecting objects, (i.e. institutions and organizations with the required knowledge), and recruiting personal sources of information in western facilities. Apart from acquiring specific solutions S&TI also developed analyses related to specific countries, as well as to specific technologies in the global aspect or to international corporations that possessed the technologies. Furthermore, S&TI was engaged by the Polish government to provide information to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade during trade negotiations with foreign contractors. Author draws the history of Polish S&TI during the 70s and 80s, showcasing its operations, explaining its modus operandi and discussing the question about the efficiency of illicit transfer of know-how from OECD for the purposes technical progress in communist Poland. Article bases on recently declassified documents of Polish intelligence service from the pre-1990 period. There are moreover other archival records as well as secondary sources explored.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2018, 36; 143-173
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sportowy wymiar zimnowojennej konfrontacji politycznej na przykładzie rywalizacji w klasyfikacji medalowej igrzysk olimpijskich
Sports dimension of political confrontation in the Cold War Era as exemplified by the rivalry in the Olympic Games Medal Table
Autorzy:
Kobierecki, Michał Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/901763.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
Tematy:
cold war
sport
political confrontation
medal competition
olimpic games
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present one of the main dimensions of sports being used for political reasons – the Olympic Game s Medal Table. In the Cold War Era two geopolitical groups of states searched for ways of confrontation that would allow them to prove their supremacy, but they preferred to avoid military solutions. Sport seemed to be a good solution. Rivalry in the Olympic Games Medal Table was one of the most important dime nsions of this clash, as it was a good tool of presenting overall power of a state. At first, the course of joining the world's sport and Olympic Movement by the Soviet Union was presented, as before WWII this country preferred to stand apart due to ideological reasons. Finally its leaders perceived political advantages of participating in the world’s sport and the USSR eventually debuted in the Olympic Games in 1952 in Helsinki. That moment inaugurated rivalry in the Olympic Games medal table between the East and West, which lasted till the end of the Cold War. The main thesis of the article is that the sport rivalry can be used as an important dimension of political confrontation. In the aspect of the Olympic Games medal table, the thesis suggests that communist states are privileged to achieve better results due to their political and economic systems.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2012, 9; 37-67
1731-8440
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The General’s Revolution: (Mis)encounters between social movements and the Bolivian military government after the 1964 coup
A Revolução dos generais: (Des)encontros dos movimentos sociais com o governo militar boliviano após o golpe de 1964
Autorzy:
Andrade, Guilherme
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076124.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Latin America
social movements
labor unions
Bolivia
Cold War
Opis:
The article aims to investigate the relationship between the Bolivian military government, established after a coup in 1964, and social movement, in special unionized workers in mining and rural areas. The way labor movements in the mining sector have been persecuted contrasts heavily with the support shown by peasant organizations, held by the promise of land redistribution in the rural area. However, the way the military have associated the fulfillment of the agrarian reform to the repression of popular radicalism poses a different perspective from those upheld by the originators of the reform, the government of the 1952 National Revolution. The manner social movements, due to the major role they played on the episode, came to be included in political calculation had resulted on a complex, and continuous, process of negotiation among social identities. Approaching this process as an historical object through a relational outlook, instead of reducing it to the Cold War conjunctural framework, allows us to address the articulations drawn by social actors, regarding the terms on how they may be seen or heard inside the public debate.
Este trabalho tem por objeto as relações entre o governo militar que se estabelece na Bolívia após 1964 e os movimentos sociais, em especial de trabalhadores das regiões mineiras e agrárias. A forma como setores radicalizados da indústria mineradora foram perseguidos contrasta com o alinhamento das forças armadas a organizações camponesas, a partir da garantia de uma redistribuição de terras na zona rural. Todavia, a correlação traçada pelos militares entre a efetivação da reforma agrária e o combate ao radicalismo popular resulta de uma inflexão com o arranjo original da reforma, produto do governo da Revolução Nacional de 1952. A maneira como os movimentos sociais, protagonistas do episódio, haviam passado a fazer parte dos cálculos políticos resultaria em um complexo, e contínuo, processo de negociação das identidades sociais vis-à-vis umas às outras. Enxergar esse objeto histórico a partir dessa chave relacional, em detrimento de uma redução do conflito social à conjuntura da Guerra Fria, permite abordar a articulação que os atores sociais fazem a respeito dos termos em que podem ser vistos e ouvidos no debate público.
Źródło:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2021, 28; 75-94
1641-4713
Pojawia się w:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Image data paradox – on the impact of the development of image-based remote sensing on the maps’ content in the Eastern Bloc. The case of Poland
Autorzy:
Konopska, B.
Krukowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92516.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Oddział Kartograficzny Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Tematy:
secrecy
satellite imagery
cartography
Eastern Bloc
Cold War
censorship
Opis:
The authors examine the impact of the development of image-based remote sensing systems on the activities of state administrations in the cartographic production and making of geographical information publicly available in the Eastern Bloc countries. A convergence of cartography, secrecy, and power occurred during the Cold War. Through investigation of facts relevant to the acquisition image data of the Earth surface performed by the USA and the USSR, it aims to examine the key questions of why the logic behind the development of cartography in the Eastern Bloc countries after World War II was distorted. The lack of logic was reflected in the fact that the amount of information actually presented on maps decreased with an increase in the information about the surface of the Earth acquired by the means of remote sensing systems. It was suggested that image data in the member states of the Eastern Bloc, in spite of their restricted use and a drop in the informational value of maps, was the main factor behind the creation, detail, and geometric accuracy of civilian maps. Proving this thesis involved analyzing the correlations between the achievements in the field of remote sensing and the quality of maps developed during the Cold War in the Eastern Bloc states.
Źródło:
Polish Cartographical Review; 2018, 50, 4; 211-222
2450-6974
Pojawia się w:
Polish Cartographical Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A New Era in peacekeeping for the United Nations: Leaving traditional peacekeeping behind
Autorzy:
Kaya, Gözde
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
International law
Peacekeeping
post-Cold War era
United Nations
Opis:
This paper seeks to demonstrate the gradual transformation that the United Nations peacekeeping has undergone during the post-Cold War era. The recent peacekeepers not only keep, but also build the peace in certain circumstances. The study investigates this shift from traditional peacekeeping to second generation peacekeeping by focusing on the peacekeeping concept, the historical evolution of the mission, the reasons behind this transformation, and the differences between those two types of missions from a comparative perspective as well as the future challenges.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2015, 20A; 39-58
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Soviet mapping of Poland - a brief overview
Autorzy:
Kent, Alexander J.
Davis, Martin
Davies, John
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-02-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Soviet topographic maps
Cold War
geospatial intelligence
Warsaw
cartography
Opis:
The Soviet military mapping project was the most comprehensive cartographic endeavour of the twentieth century. The resulting maps have been commercially available to the West since at least 1993, when a Latvian business rfist oefred Soviet plans of Western cities for sale at the 16th International Cartographic Conference in Cologne, Germany. Covering the globe at a range of scales, Soviet military maps provide a fascinating - if disconcerting - view of familiar territory with a striking aesthetic. But they also provide a substantial untapped geospatial resource, often with an unparalleled level of topographic detail. This paper gives an overview of the Soviet global military mapping programme and its coverage of Poland, including the 1:25,000-scale city plan of Warsaw (printed in 1981). By illustrating the extensive topographic symbology employed at various scales of mapping, it suggests how these maps may oefr scope for regional studies and how their cartographic language can provide some solutions for addressing the ongoing challenges of mapping the globe.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2019, 23, 1; 5-15
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O pewnych aspektach poetyki przekładu filmowego
Selected aspects of poetics of film translation
Autorzy:
Paszkowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Rusycystyczne
Tematy:
film translation
Cold War subtitles
voice-over
dubbing
amateur translation
Opis:
Film translation is often referred to as a “necessary evil”. This is because the translated lines tend to be simplified in the process of audiovisual translation. It is estimated that the dialogue in a film translation might be shortened by up to 30–40% compared to the original text. However, it should be borne in mind that film dialogues are an integral part of the film’s image and serve not only an informative but also a poetic function. Thus, when translating the characters’ statements, one should consider not only the semantic aspect but also the stylistic elements used in the material, particularly repetitions, contrasting juxtapositions of foreground and background dialogues, and references to musical works. The article presents the conclusions of the author’s research based on five translation variants of the film Cold War into Russian.
Źródło:
Przegląd Rusycystyczny; 2023, 4 (184); 204-214
0137-298X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Rusycystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Stephen Tanner, “The Wars of the Bushes. A Father and Son as Military Leaders”, Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław 2007, pp. 280
Autorzy:
Gałan, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
cold war
military history
Michał Gałan
Stephen Tanner
book review
Opis:
The discussed book by Stephen Tanner is not the author’s debut. He has been analyzing various issues of military history for a long time. He is the author of works on the great retreats of armies during various periods of history, the fortunes of American airmen operating in Switzerland during World War II and the history of Afghanistan. Tanner’s book can be considered as the author’s personal opinion on the military policy of the United States a! er the Cold War.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2009, 38; 254-257
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Teraz nic nie wiadomo”. Apokalipsa niespełniona w Stacji Abbesses Stefanii Zahorskiej
Autorzy:
Jakub, Osiński,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Stefana Zahorska; independence emigration
Cold War
exile literature; nuclear criticism
Opis:
The article undertakes the analysis of social views on an atomic bomb in Stacja Abbesses by Stefania Zahorska. The author refers to the political context and proves that the forgotten short story is a literary voice of reason in the post-war discussion held in exile on the possibility of the outbreak of a new world conflict. However, this is also a fascinating record of the post-war state of the social consciousness of the nuclear threat, its course, effects etc., which can be regarded as the second thesis of the article.
Źródło:
Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2017, 61(1 (456)); 81-90
0033-2194
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vindicating the USS Swordfish
Autorzy:
Streifer, Bill
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN
Tematy:
Cold War
K-129
North Korea
Pueblo Incident
Soviet Union
Opis:
In response to the North Korean seizure of the U.S. spy ship Pueblo, an armada of ships and subs were sent into the Sea of Japan, including the USS Swordfish, a nuclear-powered submarine. Unfortunately, while conducting a covert surveillance operation off the coast of Vladivostok, Swordfish‘s mast struck a block of ice. So she departed the area for the U.S. Naval Base at Yokosuka, Japan for repairs. When tthe Russians saw a photo of the damaged Swordfish in a Japanese newspaper, they (wrongly) assumed the damage resulted from a collision with their nuclear-armed submarine K-129.
Źródło:
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia; 2019, 32; 43-60
0860-6102
Pojawia się w:
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unwilling Immigrants: Transnational Identities of East Central European Exiles During the Cold War
Autorzy:
Mazurkiewicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
EAST CENTRAL EUROPEAN EXILES
COLD WAR
POLITICAL EXILES
TRANSNATIONAL IDENTITIES
Opis:
While many definitions of “political exile” exist across disciplines, they tend to focus on three areas: the social and psychological experience of exiles before leaving their homeland, the causes, motivations, means of departure, and the adjustment, assimilation of exiles in the country of asylum. None of these address the question of what the exiles actually do abroad politically in an attempt to return to their home country. My research begins where these assumptions stop. In my paper I define a political exile as a person compelled to leave his homeland whose material and psychological status is a dynamic one. Furthermore, a political exile wishes to contribute to the host society, share his assets (knowledge, skills) in exchange for support of his cause. A political exile is engaged in a collective project usually originating in the homeland which is realized in the host country, unwaveringly determined to return. “Unwilling” to fully assimilate, a political exile claims legitimacy in representing his compatriots abroad while adaptation and integration with the host society are in progress. I propose that the legacy of the political exile activities in the West during the Cold War be considered in the context in which they were created: being influenced by transnational and multiethnic spaces. Formed, pressed and spelled out in the conditions that are multifaceted, rather than simply transmitted from the pre-Soviet traditions, or resulting from the contacts with the “captive” compatriots.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2015, 41, 4 (158); 159-171
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Boycott of the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games as an Example of Political Play-Acting of the Cold War Superpowers
Autorzy:
Kobierecki, Michał Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Sports politics
sports boycott
Cold War rivalry
Olympic Games
politics
Opis:
Sports boycott is one of the most important dimension of sport colliding with politics. The subject of the article is the boycott of the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984, one of the most spectacular boycotts, which was conducted by communist countries. It is widely recognized, that Los Angeles Olympics were boycotted as a result of a similar action by Western countries towards Moscow Olympics in 1980. However, evidence proves that there was no decision concerning communist boycott of Los Angeles Olympics until a few months before the Games. Preparations to the Olympics were on their way, but unexpected change of Soviet leader resulted in the boycott. Safety reasons were the declared reason for the boycott of the Soviet Union and 13 other communist countries. Nevertheless, it is evident that the real reasons were connected with the political game of USSR. The probable actual aims were the desire to hit the first ever privately financed Olympic Games and to make it harder for American president Ronald Raegan to be reelected. Naturally, at least partly it was also a matter of revenge for boycotting the Moscow Games.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2015, 44; 93-111
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Circle of Impossibility. The Problem of Disarmament, Détente and Security in Polish-Italian Relations (1958–1969)
Autorzy:
Pasztor, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
disarmament
Rapacki Plan
Gomułka Plan
Cold War
Polish-Italian relations
Opis:
The article is an analysis of the attitude within the circles of the Italian Republic to Poland’s disarmament plans in 1958–69, that is the Rapacki Plan (1958) and the Gomułka Plan (1963). Drawing on Italian documents the author examines the attitude of the Italian government to these proposals. She presents the determinants and contexts of both proposals (the bipolar division of the world during the Cold War, Italy’s membership of NATO and subordination to Washington’s policy, the country’s economic and financial problems). The article also contains opinions on Moscow’s role in and attitude towards the Polish peace initiatives.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2018, 125, 2
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Internal clash of cultural identity – the case of George Bidwell
Autorzy:
Gdaniec, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956425.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-08
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
george bidwell
cultural identity
change of nationality
the cold war
Opis:
George Chandos Bidwell was the Head of the British Council between 1946 and 1949. After he had met the love of his life, Anna Wirszyłło a supposed UB-agent, he decided to change his nationality to Polish. The aim of the article is to plasticize the matter of the internal change in Bidwell in the view of historical events described in the documents archived in TNA in Kew, London.
Źródło:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne; 2020, 10; 199-206
2084-1302
Pojawia się w:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International security after the collapse of bipolar division of the world – some chosen aspects
Autorzy:
Żebrowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
International relations
international security
post-cold war world
asymmetric conflicts
Opis:
The second half of the 20th century can be referred to as a considerable increase of martial and non-martial politically-military blocs existing back then. Political changes that were initiated in the 90s of the previous century have considerably changed geopolitical and geostrategic situation of virtually every country. What has also undergone a visible change was international security, the latter being manifested in the security of regions and states. These complex conditions constituted the grounds for new threats, appearing in addition to the already existing ones. The scale and significance of the latter came as a great surprise for international community. Apart from military threats there were a number of non-military ones, the sources of which could be traced back to civilisation and social progress. Some of the threats are the conflicts of national, ethnic and religion background as well as mass migration of people, organized crime, information theft , terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to name but few. The phenomena and the events that took place at the turn of the centuries point at advanced asymmetric activities which off er numerous possibilities to the offenders due to variety of the means that can be implemented. They infringe internal as well as external security of particular states.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2011, 2; 215-234
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Imitacja, rekonstrukcja, propaganda. Zimnowojenne wędrówki europejskiego westernu
Imitation, Reconstruction, Propaganda: Cold War Wanderings of the European Western
Autorzy:
Bobrowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31341397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
Tematy:
western
zimna wojna
antywestern
spaghetti-western
Cold War
anti-western
Opis:
Artykuł został poświęcony zachodnio- i wschodnioniemieckim filmom o amerykańskim Dzikim Zachodzie realizowanym w latach 1962-1983. Filmy z obu stron muru berlińskiego, z których znakomita większość powstała w koprodukcji z Jugosławią, są omawiane w szerszej perspektywie zimnowojennej sytuacji geopolitycznej, a także w kontekście przemian, jakie stały się wówczas udziałem westernu amerykańskiego i europejskiego. RFN-owskie adaptacje powieści Karola Maya stanowią apoteozę konserwatywnej i proamerykańskiej ideologii westernu klasycznego, zaś stanowiące polemiczną na nie odpowiedź NRD-owskie Indianerfilme nawiązują do estetyki, a pod pewnymi względami również i do warstwy światopoglądowej formuł rewizjonistycznych – amerykańskiego antywesternu i włoskiego spaghetti-westernu. Istotnym wątkiem jest też kontekst kinematografii jugosłowiańskiej, a zwłaszcza charakterystyczna dla tamtejszego aparatu propagandowego tendencja do łączenia wzorców hollywoodzkich z ideologią socjalistyczną.
The article deals with West and East German films about the American Wild West made in the period of 1962-1983. The films from both sides of the Berlin Wall, the majority of which was co-produced with Yugoslavia, are discussed in a broader perspective of the Cold War geopolitical situation, as well as in the context of the changes taking place in American and European western at the time. The West German adaptations of Charles May’s novels are the apotheosis of the conservative and pro-American ideology of the classical western, while the polemical East German Indianerfilme refer to the aesthetics and in some respects to the revisionist world views of American anti-western and Italian spaghetti-western. The context of Yugoslav cinematography, and especially characteristic for the propaganda apparatus tendency to combine Hollywood patterns with socialist ideology, is also an important theme.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Filmowy; 2017, 97-98; 15-42
0452-9502
2719-2725
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Filmowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of the dependency relationship between the Tudeh Party of Iran and the Soviet Union on the contemporary political developments in Iran
Autorzy:
Majin, Shokrollah Kamari
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1201817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Tudeh Party
Iran
the Soviet Union
dependency relationship
the Cold War
Opis:
Throughout the political history of Iran, after the World War II, the Tudeh Party has played a significant role as the mother of many other political parties in the last 75 years. This party has especially been the primary base for almost all parties with socialist and leftist tendencies. Without a doubt, the party’s establishment was inspired by the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and under a major influence of the Russian Communist Party. The aim of this paper is to show some of the consequences of such relationship between two actors within the international relations. Although it is more than two and half decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the consequences of its influence are still felt in the Iranian political space. In this paper, it is unavoidable to highlight this influence in order to open different angles of the discussion. Furthermore, the paper aims to show a political reliance on a foreign power can easily come in conflict with the responsibilities of a popular movement within the national framework. It can be harmful, and it is something that can be avoided.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2017, 7, 1; 39-48
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategie i metody przekazywania francuskiej opinii publicznej relacji o terrorze stalinowskim za żelazną kurtyną na przykładzie procesów sądowych z lat 1949–1952
Autorzy:
Jackowska, Anna Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/608690.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Francja
zimna wojna
komunizm
emigracja
procesy
France
Cold War
emigration
trials
Opis:
We Francji w początkach zimnej wojny sala sądowa stała się miejscem debat, podczas których dyskutowano o rzeczywistej naturze reżimów za żelazną kurtyną. W niniejszym tekście starano się wyjaśnić, dlaczego tak się stało i omówiono kolejne procesy wytaczane francuskim komunistom przede wszystkim w celu poruszenia opinii publicznej. Próbowano również wskazać, czemu i w jaki sposób jedni spośród skarżących zdołali osiągnąć swoje cele, a inni nie.In France, at the early stage of the Cold War, the courtroom became a forum of debates about the real nature of regimes behind the Iron Curtain. The author seeks to explain the reasons for this phenomenon and discusses successive lawsuits brought against French communists mainly to touch the general public. Attempts have also been made to explain why some of the accused were able to reach their objectives while others failed.
Źródło:
Dzieje Najnowsze; 2017, 49, 3
0419-8824
Pojawia się w:
Dzieje Najnowsze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Chemical Brigades – organization, concept of operation and combat capabilities
Autorzy:
Zielonka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
Polish chemical troops
NBC
CBRN
Weapon of Mass Destruction
Cold War
Opis:
The beginning of the Cold War as well as the recognition of nuclear weapons as new and decisive combat measures opened a new stage in the history of Polish chemical corps. In the face of another world war, this time with using weapon of mass destruction on both sides, chemical forces were not only restored but also intensely expanded and trained. The emergence of divisions’ and military districts’ chemical companies in the 1950s and independent battalions in the next decade resulted in several times increase in the number of manpower of these specialized troops, larger organizational structures and the adaption of the concept for their usage in the changing requirements of the battlefield. As a result, at the turn of 1960s and 1970s chemical forces achieved the biggest combat capabilities in their history, as they had four trained and fully manned chemical regiments at disposal, that after further mobilization development to Chemical Brigades supported the levels of two Armies and the Front. The main purpose of this article is to present secret until recently organizational structures of Chemical Brigades of the Army and the Front, their combat capabilities and the concept of operation. The article includes mainly collections of Archives of the Ministry of National Defense and sparsely occurring works and articles, which, moreover, present the issue of Polish chemicals troops only in an outline or a fragmented way.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2016, 1; 90-111
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reality and Representation: the Nonfiction Writing in John Updike’s “Morocco”
Autorzy:
Jiang, Ling
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407293.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
historical appropriation
travel narrative
automobile image
cold war narrative
emotional dynamics
Opis:
“Morocco” is one of John Updike’s short stories concerning family travel s. With the attempt to blur the gap between fiction and nonfiction, Updike experiments in “Morocco” with a new form of represented reality, which reveals a middle ground between the discourse and the depicted world. Through  the portrayal of  real historical events by juxtaposing the overt family travel narrative and the covert Cold War narrative, the short story mixes realistic travel writing into a fictional representation of Cold War writing. The Cold War writing, especially when represented through a backdrop of baseless  fears, forms the covert narrative dynamics and integrates the narrative rupture in the whole overt family travel story where the unreliable narrative techniques in the tale, such as denarration, and disnarration, break upthe  narrative progression and present various possibilities from the fissured narration. It turns out that the various overt narrative possibilities are restricted by the covert Cold War narrative, thus, the variety of overt narratives in “Morocco” is always constrained by the Cold War ideology. While the travel narrative is at variance with this particular reality, the underlying Cold War ideology, nevertheless, serves as the universal representation.  
Źródło:
Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature; 2023, 4; 53-67
2391-9426
Pojawia się w:
Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Scientific exchange in the Baltic Sea region during the Cold War – an ongoing transnational Oral History Project
Autorzy:
Söhner, Felicitas
Halling, Thorsten
Hansson, Nils
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31803984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Ośrodek Pamięć i Przyszłość
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
European History
History of Science
Cold War
Narratives
Methodology
Opis:
Science communication, especially science diplomacy, is seen as a means to remain in the conversation in times of political crisis, including the Cold War era. In this paper, drawing on experiences from an ongoing oral history project within the ‘Bridging the Baltic’ network, which is interested in knowledge transfer during the Cold War and afterwards in northern Europe, we look at pitfalls of international interview projects in medicine, e.g. the influence of the chosen language in international interview projects.
Źródło:
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej; 2023, 13; 26-35
2719-7522
2084-0578
Pojawia się w:
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Third World War as Envisaged by Polish Generals at the Turn of the 1950s and the 1960s
Autorzy:
Pałka, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953839.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Warsaw Pact
the Polish people’s army
cold war
Third World War
war game
NATO
Opis:
This article gives an account of the military exercises code-named ‘Tempest’ and carried out in the autumn of 1961 by the army of the Polish People’s Republic under the supervision of Soviet officers. In the course of the war game the Polish staff members were placed in charge of the Baltic Front which, was given the task of seizing control of Denmark and the northern parts of Holland and Germany. These were the first large scale military exercises (a separate Polish front) to be organized after 1956.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2017, 124, 1
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Cultural Role and Political Implications of Poland’s 1947 Shakespeare Festival
Autorzy:
Kujawińska Courtney, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641673.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Communist regime
World War 2
Marxist ideology
Soviet culture
Shakespeare in Poland
Cold War
Opis:
Emerging from the atrocities of war, and still hoping to avert the results of the Yalta conference during which the countries of Central and South–Eastern Europe, including Poland, were “handed over” to Stalin, Poland’s 1947 Shakespeare theatre festival was a sign of courage and defiance. At the Festival 23 productions of 9 Shakespeare’s dramas were staged by theatres in 11 towns, with its finale in Warsaw. My paper will show that the Festival was an attempt to demonstrate both Polish cultural links with Europe, and to subvert Marxist ideology and Soviet culture.
Źródło:
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture; 2017, 7; 183-193
2083-2931
2084-574X
Pojawia się w:
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
David Avidan’s Message from the Future. Nuclear fantasies of the galactic poet
Autorzy:
Pietrzak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
David Avidan
science fiction
Israeli cinema
Israeli poetry
Cold War
nuclear weapon
Opis:
David Avidan’s Message from the Future (1981) is one of few Israeli science fiction films ever made. This ambitious project of the well-known avant-garde poet has been forgotten for many years, as a result of a financial and artistic failure of the movie. The paper shows Avidan’s doomed film as an interesting cultural text that can be read as the director’s commentary on the Israeli reality of his time. Contrary to the artist’s claims about the global ambitions of the picture, Message from the Future is immersed in the local, exploring it under the guise of narrative structures borrowed from Hollywood. The text analyzes a precise deconstruction of the plot patterns characteristic for the classic American SF films from the 1950s, which Avidan adjusted to the Israeli sociopolitical landscape at the turn of the seventies and eighties.
Źródło:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication; 2020, 28, 37; 127-139
1731-450X
Pojawia się w:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
XX wiek — waga dziedzictwa
20th CENTURY — IMPORTANCE OF THELEGACY
Autorzy:
Kosidło, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
20th CENTURY
LEGACY
DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNISM
FASCISM
USA
SOVIET UNION
COLD WAR
Opis:
The purport of this paper is to highlight the development tendencies and characteristics of the 20th century, which was decisive in forming the found ations of the present world. The narrative underlines the fact that it was an age of wars, ideological rivalry between democratic capitalism versus fascism and then communism, nationalisms and insurgencies for freedom and social change; time when international domination of the United States consol idated and when enormous social, economic, scientific and technological progress was made. But it was also a century of atrocities, often amounting to genocide — so alien to the twentieth-century image of the allegedly humanistic progress.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2013, 5, 4; 39-54
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Utrzymać Iran po stronie Zachodu”. Ewolucja polityki Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec kryzysu irańskiego (1951–1953)
“Keeping Iran on the Side of the West”. The Evolution of US Policy towards the Iranian Crisis (1951–1953)
Autorzy:
Fatalski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2234862.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
USA
Iran
oil industry
nationalism
cold war
ropa naftowa
nacjonalizm
zimna wojna
Opis:
Artykuł ukazuje ewolucję polityki USA wobec kryzysu międzynarodowego wywołanego w 1951 r. nacjonalizacją przemysłu naftowego w Iranie. Temat jest przedstawiony w oparciu o nowo opublikowane dokumenty archiwalne.
The article discusses the evolution of US policy towards the international crisis provoked by the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry in 1951. The article is based on newly published archival documents.
Źródło:
Dzieje Najnowsze; 2023, 55, 1; 149-174
0419-8824
2451-1323
Pojawia się w:
Dzieje Najnowsze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Introduction: New Geographies of Scandinavian Studies. Moving maps, reciprocal images, emerging communities
Autorzy:
Jelsbak, Torben
Körber, Lill-Ann
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
“Norden” (the North)
Scandinavian Studies
Baltic Region
The Cold War
geopolitics
area studies
Opis:
This article provides an introduction to the Research Network “New Geographies of Scandinavian Studies” while at the same time discussing some of its main concerns and questions: the position of the Nordic countries and the role of Scandinavian Studies in the changing geopolitical landscape of post-Cold War Europe. The collapse of the Eastern bloc in 1989–1991 led to a reconfiguration of the European political map. This situation also entailed new possibilities for international and cross-disciplinary research: A new understanding of Nordic and Baltic studies was institutionalized and new regional concepts were developed as alternatives to Cold War geopolitics. The network “New Geographies of Scandinavian Studies” is rooted in this ongoing reorientation of the field. The article discusses some of the potentials and challenges of this new agenda of Scandinavian Studies in the context of the new geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the West after Russia’s military attack on Ukraine in February 2022.
Źródło:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 2023, 34; 5-15
1230-4786
2299-6885
Pojawia się w:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Albania and Libya: A Distant Cold War Relationship
Albania i Libia – odległe stosunki z czasów zimnej wojny
Autorzy:
Këlliçi, Klejdi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2230857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
Cold War
Arab world
socialism
Libya
Albania
zimna wojna
kraje arabskie
socjalizm
Libia
Opis:
In this paper I examine the relations between Albania with Libya, especially after the establishment of the Gaddafi’s regime and its peculiar brand of socialism. In doing so this paper proceeds in two directions. First, I examine foreign relations among small countries, in this case Albania and Libya. Secondly, I examine the above-mentioned relations in terms of ideological constrictions, especially from the perspective of a country like Albania, which practised, from the mid-sixties to the mid-eighties, forms of self-isolation and insulation from the outer world in the name of its particular view of Marxism-Leninism and socialism.
W niniejszym artykule chciałbym przeanalizować relacje Albanii z Libią, zwłaszcza po ustanowieniu reżimu Kaddafiego w jego szczególnej odmianie socjalizmu. W tym celu rozważania będą podążać w dwóch kierunkach. Najpierw chciałbym przedstawić stosunki zagraniczne między małymi państwami, w tym przypadku Albanią i Libią. Następnie zbadam te relacje pod kątem ograniczeń ideologicznych, zwłaszcza z perspektywy kraju takiego jak Albania, który od połowy lat sześćdziesiątych do połowy osiemdziesiątych w imię określonego spojrzenia na marksizm-leninizm i socjalizm praktykował formy samoizolacji i odcięcia od świata zewnętrznego.
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2023, 41, 1; 149-165
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
North and south Yemen as a theatre of a proxy war during the cold war
Autorzy:
Bryjka, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
North Yemen
South Yemen
proxy war
USSR
USA
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
armed conflict
Cold War
Opis:
The geopolitical location of Yemen makes the country an area that has always drawn the attention of external actors interested in expanding their influences in the Arabian Peninsula. During the period of the Cold War, the territory of today's Yemen was a theater of geopolitical rivalry, where the interests clashed between both superpowers and regional actors. During the conflict in North and South Yemen, external entities played an important role as they drove the dynamics of these conflicts counting on achieving their own strategic objectives. The purpose of this article is to seek answers to the questions: who, how and why was engaged in armed conflicts in the territory of North and South Yemen during the Cold War era, and what long-term consequences of this commitment can be observed today?
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2016, 2; 19-34
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migration Crises and Interest of a State. American Refugee Assistance Acts During the Cold War
Autorzy:
Mazurkiewicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
REFUGEE
QUOTA SYSTEM
COLD WAR
MIGRATION
DISPLACED PERSONS
BOAT PEOPLE
RESETTLEMENT
ANTI-COMMUNISM
Opis:
The article examines the link between the admission of refugees to the United States and the country’s foreign policy interest during the Cold War. The author analyses the post-war American refugee assistance acts and immigration laws to reveal U.S. policy choices made between safeguarding country’s security during the Cold War to taking political advantage of the refugee arrivals. The factors that provided for the refugees’ entry to the U.S. during the Cold War were determined by foreign policy concerns and the decisions related to the refugee crises were the domain of the executive up until 1980s. Given the Cold War context, most of the refugee crises occurring behind the Iron Curtain in Europe benefited U.S. psychological warfare programs, while Asian and Latin American refugees, often a consequence of direct (at times covert) U.S. political-military-economic involvement, put the U.S. on the defensive.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2019, 45, 3 (173); 41-58
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“If Sweden is a province, what are we?” Map-making and man-making in Marius Ivaškevičius’s essay series My Scandinavia
Autorzy:
Körber, Lill-Ann
Steponavičiūtė-Aleksiejūnienė, Ieva
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
post-Cold War Scandinavia
Baltic Sea region
Lithuanian literature
Marius Ivaškevičius
literary cartography
Opis:
This co-written article approaches the influential Lithuanian writer and playwright Marius Ivaškevičius’s essay series My Scandinavia (2004) from two different vantage points reflecting either side of the former ‘Iron Curtain’. Published in the year when Lithuania joined the European Union, the essay series describes the narrator’s travels and symbolic and ironic conquest of Northern Europe in the wake of the border openings following the collapse of the Soviet Union. First, employing the notions of “temporal” and “spatial nodes” (Ringgard & DuBois 2017), the article addresses how the crossings of the Baltic Sea and journeys through Northern Europe depicted in Ivaškevičius’s essays represent an awareness of significant shifts in the unfolding of European history and Europe’s spatial configuration. Second, the article reads My Scandinavia as an example of creative map-making in line with theories of critical cartography. Finally, the article puts the travelling subject in My Scandinavia centre stage, looking at the dialectic ways in which subject and place create each other. Just as Scandinavia has been actively moulding the narrating and, by implication, also the writing subject’s biography, so has he given Scandinavia shape through his discourse, while also idiosyncratically framing Europe’s shifting political and mental geography.
Źródło:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 2023, 34; 88-107
1230-4786
2299-6885
Pojawia się w:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military Security in the Baltic Sea during Cold War: Analysis Based on the Materials of the Naval Reconnaissance Unit of the Polish People’s Republic
Autorzy:
Będźmirowski, Jerzy
Gac, Miłosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
Cold War
NATO
Navy of the Polish People’s Republic
Warsaw Pact
Opis:
The purpose of the article was to present, in the proverbial nutshell, the issues related to the military situation in the 1950s and 1960s during the so-called Cold War in the Baltic Sea, based on the materials of the Naval Reconnaissance Unit of the Polish People’s Republic. These materials were very important for analytical teams preparing concepts for operations in the Northern European Theater of Operations, as well as ensuring the security of the maritime borders of the Warsaw Pact countries. The 1950s and 1960s were characterized by a wide range of reconnaissance activities as a consequence of the changing reality in the Baltic Sea. The naval potential of both NATO countries, especially Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), was expanded, thus the other side began to create the People’s Navy of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), as well as to strengthen the combat potential of the naval forces of the People’s Republic of Poland. At the same time, the cooperation of allied fleets of the Warsaw Pact countries was improved, and for this purpose, staff exercises were conducted on maps and in the Baltic Sea. In retrospect, both NATO and the Warsaw Pact appreciated the military importance of the Danish Straits and the Baltic Sea. In the following years, efforts were made to improve the concepts of naval forces in these waters.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2023, 46 (53); 85-104
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
American stupidity ascendant: 1945-2016
Autorzy:
Welles, James F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Bay of Pigs
Cold War
George Bush
Iraq 9/11
Vietnam
Watergate
modern art
Opis:
From the Cold War to the Google mobile, the history of American stupidity conforms to and confirms the behavioral model that stupidity is the learned inability to learn. Specifically, stupidity is a normal, dysfunctional learning process which occurs when a schema formed by linguistic biases and social norms acts via the neurotic paradox to establish a positive feedback system which becomes first self-sustaining and then renders behavior irrelevant to the environment by carrying detached actions to maladaptive excesses.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 122; 145-182
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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