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Tytuł:
Boiling heat transfer phenomenon from an isolated nucleation center
Wymiana ciepła przy wrzeniu dla wyodrębionego centrum nukleacji
Autorzy:
Orman, Ł. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/402086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wydawnictwo PŚw
Tematy:
boiling heat transfer
nucleation center
wymiana ciepła przy wrzeniu
centrum nukleacji
Opis:
The paper discusses a method of boiling heat transfer investigation from a cavity of given geometrical dimensions. The testing method is described together with literature review on the subject. This experimental concept can be used to provide useful data on the creation and departure frequency of bubbles, thus giving more insight into the boiling phenomenon.
Źródło:
Structure and Environment; 2016, 8, 1; 59-63
2081-1500
Pojawia się w:
Structure and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some aspect of theory of cumulated fuel consumption
Autorzy:
Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247685.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
vehicle
engine
fuel consumption
Opis:
A theory of cumulated fuel consumption in process ofvehicle operation is described. The method of creation the mathematical model and procedure of determination of model variables is shown. The mainfeatures of cumulated fuel consumption are painted attention. li is shown that the theory of cumulated fuel consumption can be use to description of the fuel consumption from beginning the exploitation of vehicles and also for the situation when the vehicle are in exploitation from any time and further fuel consumption are unknown. An example of utilisation of elaborated theory for assessment of operation of passenger car is also presented. It has been shown that applying the theory of cumulated fuel consumption, the course of such consumption can be accurately described also in this case. This proposal can be formulated in spite of making some simplifications. This is because the unknown value of the accumulated fuel before start the time of observation operation will be determined using the average (from the average) fuel consumption. This simplification greatly facilitates the flow of the calculations and it seems does not offend errors in the calculations. Method of determining the average is discussed in the article. It appears that such treatment may be justified by the fact that the mistake is, in principle, systematic error. Very high coefficients of mathematical model to fit the measured data are very interesting. Such regularity was observed during researches in buses transport [l], intercity buses, and the fleets of various vehicles (the results of researches are not yet published).The introduction of the theory of cumulated fuel consumption as one of the important parameters to assess the operation of the vehicle or vehicles may also be useful in exploitation researches. At present times the researches in which the vehicles are already in service and the engine control mops are tuned (chip tuning), are made. A good performance of these changes is often observed on chassis dyno but that is not properly sanctioned in natural exploitation. Experimentation with such issue is underway and will be the subject of future analysis (and publications).
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 447-453
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Statistical verification of possibility of creating of the combustion engine sets
Analiza osiągów silników spalinowych wprowadzanych do eksploatacji po różnych okresach ich wytwarzania
Autorzy:
Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243072.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
silniki spalinowe
osiągi
weryfikacja statystyczna
combustion engines
performance
statistical verification
Opis:
Investigations were conducted two parties after 30 combustion engines about sparkle ignition the same type and kind every. The row of parameters in investigations was marked characterizing the engines. Got results were analyzed statistically. With verification this results, that some parameters of engines, the same party (how np. maximum rotational moment) they characterize from value of average with comparatively small dispersions. Deviations these contain in borders several percentage what it was it been possible to treat as value in borders of measuring mistakes. Different however, (how for example the temperature of fumes) the larger fluctuations show. It the unexpectedly large dispersions were noticed was near steering parameters of engine such how the relation of air to fuel or else the angle of outdistancing the ignition. Dispersions these come, near small speeds of crank rampart, to tens percentage and get smaller to a dozen or so percentage in measure of growth of rotational speed. It is then the unexpected result especially that set the dispersions of value practically such do not influence on parameters of engines how maximum rotational moment or else the isolated waste of fuel. Every party was has brought back it is possible observations these to engines. It was noticed was however the differences in parameters of engines from both parties. The studied parties of engines were produced in comparatively distant temporary compartment two quarters. Proof was the aim of work or noticed differences between parties are essential.
Przeprowadzono badania hamowniane dwu partii po 30 silników spalinowych o zapłonie iskrowym tego samego typu i rodzaju każda. W badaniach wyznaczono szereg parametrów charakteryzujących silniki. Przeanalizowano statystycznie uzyskane rezultaty. Z weryfikacji tej wynika, że niektóre parametry silników, tej samej partii (jak np. maksymalny moment obrotowy) charakteryzują się stosunkowo małymi rozrzutami od wartości średniej. Odchylenia te zawierają się w granicach kilku procent co można potraktować jako wartości w granicach błędów pomiarowych. Inne natomiast, (jak np. temperatura spalin) wykazują fluktuacje większe. Nieoczekiwanie duże rozrzuty zauważono przy nastawach silnika takich jak stosunek powietrza do paliwa czy też kąt wyprzedzenia zapłonu. Rozrzuty te dochodzą, przy małych prędkościach wału korbowego, do kilkudziesięciu procent i zmniejszają się do kilkunastu procent w miarę wzrostu prędkości obrotowej. Jest to wynik nieoczekiwany zwłaszcza, że rozrzuty wartości nastaw praktycznie nie wpływają na osiągi silników takie jak maksymalny moment obrotowy czy też jednostkowe zużycie paliwa. Spostrzeżenia te odnieść można do silników każdej partii. Zauważono jednak różnice w osiągach silników z obu partii. Badane partie silników wyprodukowano w stosunkowo odległym przedziale czasowym dwu kwartałów. Celem pracy było wykazanie czy zauważone różnice między partiami są istotne.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 423-431
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Theory of cumulative fuel consumption by LPG powered cars
Autorzy:
Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
fuel consumption
theory
applications
Opis:
Theory of cumulative fuel consumption is shown for the first time in [1] and [2]. The theory of cumulative fuel consumption has been presented also in this work. The example of LPG car research results have shown the way of getting to mathematical model of cumulative fuel consumption and the intensity of cumulative fuel consumption. In this case, the studies were carried out 16 cars whose engines were powered by LPG. The vehicles are operated in a small fleet of vehicles, which run in city traffic. Data on outcomes of exploitation and operation fuel consumption is acquired from the accounting documents of the company. Very good results prediction mathematical model of operational data are obtained. The high value of prescience quotients (in this case R-sq > 9.999) are similar to the values that were obtained in various other cases. Conversance of mathematical model of cumulative fuel consumption allows carrying out comprehensive analysis of this significant exploitative parameter. The presented theory must not only be regarded as a theory of cumulative fuel consumption but also can be seen more broadly as a theory of cumulative energy consumption. Research is being conducted on the application of the theory to evaluate energy consumption by hybrid vehicles. The results can be very interesting.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 275-280
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks on Statistical Design Centering
Autorzy:
Opalski, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
statistical design centering
design yield
realistic worst-case design
stochastic approximation
propagation of variance
Monte Carlo simulation
Opis:
The paper overviews optimization based statistical design centering techniques for analog circuits. Emphasis is placed on dependence between formulation of quality indices, problem formulation, and computational complexity of design centering algorithms, executed in single- or multiple-processor environments. For characterization of solution techniques a standard CMOS op-amp design case and a simplified computational complexity analysis are used.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2011, 57, 2; 159-167
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical Processes in Quantum Wells
Autorzy:
Sham, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931845.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
73.20.Dx
78.55.Cr
Opis:
A review is given of the theoretical framework of exciton dynamics in quantum wells including the spin degrees of freedom. A study is made of various momentum, energy, and spin relaxation mechanisms including the effects of exciton-phonon interaction, the single-particle spin-flips by means of spin-orbit interaction and the exciton spin-flip by means of the exchange interaction. All these competing mechanisms are taken into account in a set of equations governing the time evolution of the exciton spin populations. Solutions are then used to interpret observed time-resolved observations of polarized luminescence spectra. For excitons in a two-dimensional system such as a semiconductor quantum well, the breaking of the translational symmetry in the direction normal to the interface plane has been shown theoretically by Hanamura, by Andreani and Bassani, and by Citrin to result in a recombination rate much faster than in a three-dimensional system. Yet, experiments show comparable decay rates in two- and three-dimensional excitons. Recent experiments with high time resolutions show two decay times for the total luminescence intensity. The slower one agrees with the one usually observed and interpreted as the radiative recombination time. We shall give an explanation for the fast decay as a combination of radiative recombination and single-particle spin-flip and for the slow decay as the radiative recombination slowed down by the presence of lower energy dark states for excitons with parallel spins. The ability to use the same theory to account for the polarization behavior confirms the importance of the exciton spin dynamics. Furthermore, the longitudinal electric field dependence is used to check our theory of exchange.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1995, 87, 1; 7-15
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Statistic of fuel consumption in test and in natural operation of vehicles
Autorzy:
Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
operation of vehicles
test
fuel consumptions
eksploatacja pojazdów
zużycie paliwa
Opis:
The lowering of carbon dioxide emission is world pursuit which is written in international agreement. It concerns all economy sections, especially motorization. In this last case the lowering is essential, since almost all fuel used for powering vehicles comes from nonrenewable resources. Using these fuels means a one-way carbon motion from underground lode to earth atmosphere. This process has to be immediately stopped. For several years there have been taken actions in this direction. There are both legislative and technical actions. However, the reports which were published in 2016 shows that despite the efforts and engagement of considerable means, the effects are mediocre. There has been noticed, that, though the lowering of carbon dioxide emission determined in bench tests has been attained, it is impossible to notice this progress in natural operation of vehicles. The causes of such a state are sought mainly in incompatibility of test conditions to the real operation of vehicles conditions. Assuming that the carbon dioxide emission is (quasi) directly proportional to fuel consumption, in the article there has been proposed the method of solving the problem of removing divergence between test and operational data. There has been suggested the different attitude to bench data analysis and implementation of new calculative procedures in a way to reach the correlation between the test and operating fuel consumption.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 239-244
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wojskowa konferencja na temat: Witamy w XXI wieku
Autorzy:
Binder, L. J.
Powiązania:
Przegląd Informacyjno-Dokumentacyjny / Centralny Ośrodek Naukowej Informacji Wojskowej 1994, nr 1, s. 14-15
Współwytwórcy:
Karpowicz, Zdzisław. Opracowanie
Data publikacji:
1994
Tematy:
Wojska lądowe organizacja uzbrojenie Stany Zjednoczone 1994 r. materiały konferencyjne
Opis:
Oprac. art. zamieszcz. w "Army". --- 1993, nr 7, s. 22-26.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 4312

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