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Tytuł:
Teleconnection of 23 modern chronologies of Quercus robur and Q. petraea from Poland
Autorzy:
Ufnalski, K
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Polska
Quercus robur
Quercus petraea
dendrochronology
English oak
oak stand
forest area
sessile oak
downy oak
Quercus pubescens
climatic factor
Opis:
Quercus robur and Q. petraea are important forest-forming species in Europe. Q. robur is believed to require more fertile soils, to be more tolerant to low temperatures and more sensitive to oak decline than Q. petraea. Thus chronologies of the two species from nearby localities were hypothesised to differ more strongly between species than between localities. Wood cores were collected on 23 research plots in 2 national parks and 12 forest districts. In each locality two plots (one with Q. robur and one with Q. petraea) were established in forest stands of similar age at similar site conditions wherever possible. Similarity between chronologies was assessed by the test of parallel agreement (Gleichlaufigkeit), Pearson correlation coefficients, and principal components. The plots were grouped by the Ward clustering method and according to 1st and 2nd principal components. The first 2 methods segregated chronologies nearly ideally into pairs of species from the same forest district, indicating that the chronologies differ between forest districts but not between species. Chronologies clustered in 2 large groups: northern and southern (on the basis of correlation) or northeastern and southwestern (on the basis of parallel agreement). Principal components also distinguished northeastern and southwestern chronologies, but less clearly. The results suggest that differences in climatic and soil requirements between the 2 oak species are generally too small in comparison with the differences caused by climatic factors.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2006, 55; 51-56
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morphometric analyses of the leaf variation within Quercus L. Sect. Cerris Loudon in Turkey
Autorzy:
Uslu, E.
Bakis, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
morphometric analysis
leaf
variation
Quercus cerris
Turkey oak
Austrian oak zob.Turkey oak
oak
cluster analysis
numerical taxonomy
principal component analysis
Turkey [geogr.]
Opis:
Oaks are classified heavily based on the leaf morphology. However, identification of specimens without acorns is usually controversial in Cerris section. Although members of Cerris section have a broad distribution area, there are only few taxonomic studies. Therefore, the current study is the first to show the discrimination of species in Cerris section based on leaf characters from Turkey. Discrimination among the members of Cerris section over Turkey (Q. cerris L. var. cerris, Q. ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge and Yalt, Q. brantii Lindley, Q. libani Olivier, and Q. trojana P. B. subsp. trojana.) was aimed and variations within and among the species based on 15 qualitative leaf characters was presented. In this work we have studied the natural variability of these species by analysing leaf materials collected from 44 populations around Turkey. Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed to assess intra-specific differentiation and to compare the distribution of variance in the individual and population level. The results showed that the leaf characters presented a good discrimination of five Cerris taxa in PCA at the population level, but the relationships between Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis and Q. brantii showed complex groups in CA. Among the studied taxa, the highest variation was found within Q. cerris populations. In this work, we obtained discrimination of Cerris section species from Turkey based on leaf characters which is quite useful for those herbarium specimens without acorns and in other systematic observations.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2014, 71
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) by means of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula
Autorzy:
Ballian, D.
Ivankovic, M.
Grycan, J.
Peric, S.
Marjanovic, H.
Bobinac, M.
Slade, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
pubescent oak zob.downy oak
downy oak
oak
Quercus pubescens
chloroplast
cpDNA
Balkan Peninsula
genetic variability
population diversity
plant population
Opis:
In the area of the western Balkans, xerothermal broad-leaf forests hold a very special position, the main species being pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.). The study comprises 36 populations of pubescent oak from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania and Macedonia. Genetic variability and population diversity was analysed on chloroplast DNA in order to determine to which haplotype an individual or studied population belongs, as well as how they are related. For the detection of one haplotype analysed four sequences (AS, TF, DT and CD) on the chloroplasts DNA. The results of the analysis suggest that there are six different haplotypes of pubescent oak (2, 4, 5, 17, 31, 33) in the studied populations. Two more sub-haplotypes were found in haplotype 5 (a and b), but only in populations occurring in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results suggest the great variability of pubescent oak in the researched area, which is generally characteristic of other species from the area of the Balkan Peninsula. The results obtained by means of cpDNA analysis can help in the formation of seed zones. However, due to the strong selection pressure of unplanned logging, and the possible introduction of herbal material of unknown origin, it is necessary to find a sufficient number of autochthonous entities (i.e., populations of the researched species) as well as new suitable markers for their characterization. The results of this paper constitute a scientifically recognised, partial examination of the origin of the starting forest reproductive material from the broader geographic area, thus serving future projects on its regeneration.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2010, 79, 3
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the oak wood chips in brewing®
Zastosowanie płatków dębowych w browarnictwie®
Autorzy:
Bajerski, Mateusz
Klimczak, Krystian
Cioch-Skoneczny, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Warszawie
Tematy:
oak chips
oak
barrel
beer
aging
płatki dębowe
dąb
beczki
piwo
leżakowanie
Opis:
Oak chips are finely shredded oak fragments, which were toasted under strictly controlled conditions. They are produced in various grammages and degrees of toasting. Chips can be divided into natural, light, medium and heavily toasted. Their size affects how quickly ingredients are being released from them. The aim of the article is to present issues related to the application of oak chips in brewing, as an alternative to the oak barrels usage. The description presents information regarding the influence of the oak chips addition on the final profile of the drink and also characterizes the processes that take place during aging.
Płatki dębowe to drobno poszatkowane szczapy dębowe, które zostały upieczone w ściśle kontrolowanych warunkach. Produkowane są w różnej gramaturze i stopniu opieczenia. Wyróżnia się płatki naturalne, lekko, średnio i mocno opiekane. Rozmiar zrębków wpływa na szybkość wydobywania się z nich składników. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie zagadnień związanych z zastosowaniem płatków dębowych w piwowarstwie, jako alternatywy dla wykorzystania beczek dębowych. W opisie przedstawiono informacje dotyczące wpływu dodatku zrębków dębowych na końcowy profil napoju, scharakteryzowano również procesy zachodzące podczas leżakowania piwa.
Źródło:
Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego; 2021, 1; 124-129
0867-793X
2719-3691
Pojawia się w:
Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Winter storage of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings
Zimowe przechowywanie sadzonek dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.)
Autorzy:
Wesoly, W.
Chabowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/791403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania Środowiskiem w Tucholi
Tematy:
winter storage
storage
pedunculate oak
Quercus robur
seedling
oak
plant seedling
plant vigor
plant growth
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Ochroną Przyrody w Lasach; 2016, 10
2081-1438
2391-4106
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Ochroną Przyrody w Lasach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bonitacja wzrostowa dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) pod okapem drzewostanów sosnowych
Site index of common oak (Quercus robur L.) under the canopy of Scots pine stands
Autorzy:
Paluch, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Quercus robur
odnowienia podokapowe
bonitacja wzrostowa
modele wzrostu
leśnictwo
drzewa leśne
dąb szypułkowy
wzrost roślin
growth model of common oak
class of bonitation
oak age
common oak
Opis:
The aim of the study was to compare the site index of common oak growing under the canopy of Scots pine stands with the values typical for this species on a given habitat. The research was carried out in 20 Scots pine stands with well−developed lower layers of common oak occurring in the fresh mixed forest habitat. The analyzed stands were located in 5 forest districts in central and north−eastern Poland. To determine the real age of oaks and their height, 5 under canopy common oaks from the group of the highest ones were selected and felled. The total sample size was therefore 100 trees. Cut trees were divided into sections of 1 m in length, what gave the greatest accuracy to determine the dendrometric parameters. From the middle of each section a sample for testing was taken. It was found that the oak undergrowth growing about 30−40 years under the pine canopy on a fresh mixed forest habitat, usually achieved II−III site index class, while on a mixed fresh coniferous forest habitat it was III−IV class. These site index classes are typical for the stands growing in full access of light, so no adverse changes in site index class were observed as a result of the pine canopy occurrence for 30−40 years (tab.). Oaks growing for more than 40 years under the canopy of pine obtained worse site index class than the average for a given habitat, so the complete exposure of undergrowth for the light should not be extend for too long in time. Common oaks responded with increased height to full exposure. This reaction was definitely more pronounced for the younger oaks at age of 30 than for the older ones at age of 70. The height growth curves of under−canopy common oaks differed from the model curves according to Bruchwald et al. [1996] and stand volume and increment tables [Szymkiewicz 1962], especially in the initial (juvenile) phase, which indicate the occurrence of differences in growth under the pine canopy and without cover (figs. 2 and 3).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 03; 179-186
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Density profile and hardness of thermo-mechanically modified beech, oak and pine wood
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/342480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
beech
densification
density profile
European oak
hardness
Scots pine
Opis:
Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus robur L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood were volume-densified by means of thermo-mechanical modification. At first stage the wood was heated in a hydraulic press at temperature 100°C for 720 s, and then one-step densified in order to obtain the target thickness. The wood was cooled in a hydraulic press with unheated plates. Density profiles parallel and perpendicular to the grain were examined. The analysis of the density profiles was carried out on the basis of the following parameters: mean density, minimum to mean density ratio, maximum density, and the distance between the maximum density area and the wood surface. Wood hardness was determined according to the Brinell method. Volume-densified pine wood was characterized by considerably lower susceptibility to densification than beech or oak wood. Densified beech wood had the highest mean density 921 ±7 kg/m3, and the highest maximum density 968 ±12 kg/m3. The Brinell hardness of densified beech, oak and pine wood was twice as high as before the densification. The greatest hardness after the densification 78.60 ±10.56 N/mm2 was observed in beech wood.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2020, 62, 205; 25-41
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of elevated temperature and fluorine pollution on relations between the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides)
Autorzy:
Grzebyta, J
Karolewski, P.
Zytkowiak, R.
Giertych, M.J.
Werner, A.
Zadworny, M.
Oleksyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
pedunculate oak
Quercus robur
environment pollution
phenol
tannin
lignin
carbohydrate
starch
nitrogen
fluorine
oak powdery mildew
Microsphaera alphitoides
soil pollution
Opis:
Effects of elevated temperature and soil pollution with fluorine on host-pathogen relations were studied in seedlings of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) inoculated with oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) and control seedlings. The plants were grown for 1month in elevated temperature (on average by 1.6°C) and soil pollution with sodium fluoride (330 ppm F). The above factors did not have any significant effect on nitrogen content of leaves or on concentrations of metabolites favourable to growth and development of the fungal pathogen (total non-structural carbohydrates, including soluble carbohydrates and starch) and those unfavourable to fungi (soluble phenols, condensed tannins and lignins). The elevated temperature and fluorine pollution did not affect the leaf infection rate. However, a significant temperature × pollution interaction was observed in inoculated seedlings. At the elevated temperature, fluorine caused a less severe infection by powdery mildew. This could be due to a direct toxic effect of fluorine on the pathogen or by an indirect influence, resulting from changes in levels of other metabolites, which were not analysed in this study. The inoculation of oak seedlings with powdery mildew caused a decline in the carbohydrate content of leaves but did not have any significant effect on levels of other analysed metabolites. However, it significantly affected the distribution of phenols and lignins in oak leaves. Those compounds accumulated within necrotic lesions and in adjacent cells. Our results do not enable drawing definite conclusions on effects of a slight rise in temperature and a relatively low level of fluorine pollution of the soil on relations between the pedunculate oak and oak powdery mildew. Lower values of the leaf infection rate in seedlings growing in elevated temperature and fluorine pollution suggest that in warmer years a lower level of infection by M. alphitoides may be expected in areas affected by fluorine pollution.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2005, 53; 27-33
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Temperature effects performance of Lymantria dispar larvae feeding on leaves of Quercus robur
Autorzy:
Karolewski, P
Grzebyta, J.
Oleksyn, J.
Giertych, M.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
herbivore insect
sex ratio
Lymantria dispar
larva
gypsy moth
feeding
leaf
oak
English oak
Quercus robur
pedunculate oak
temperature
performance
Opis:
Future climatic warming may modifyinsect development, sex ratio, quantitative changes in populations that could affect the frequency of outbreaks. Here we analyzed the influence of temperature on larval growth and development in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). The larvae were reared at three constant temperatures: 15, 20 or 25°C, and fed with leaves of the English oak (Quercus robur L.). Larval mortality, duration of development (DD), relative growth rate (RGR), total mass of food eaten (TFE), and pupal mass (PM) were estimated. Larval mortality was lowest at 20°C, higher at 25°C, and highest at 15°C. DD significantly decreased with increasing temperature and depended on sex. The influence of temperature on the shortening of DD was stronger in males than in females. RGR significantly depended on temperature and was the highest at 25°C, and lowest at 15°C. At 15°C, RGR did not change markedly with time. In contrast, RGR at 20°C was characterized bya continuous decreasing trend. At 25°C, RGR was very high for 2 weeks but quickly declined afterwards. Temperature did not affect the TFE. PM was significantly correlated with temperature and sex. PM of females was higher at 20°C than at 15 and 25°C, in contrast to that of males, which was similar at 20 and 25°C, and higher than at 15°C. For larval growth and development, the most favourable was the medium temperature (20°C). The least favourable temperature for females was 25°C, for males 15°C. The results suggest that global warming may modifythe future sex ratio of gypsy moths that may affect insect development and outbreaks.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2007, 58; 43-49
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radial growth of pedunculate oak and European ash on active river terraces. Hydrologic and climatic controls
Autorzy:
Okoński, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
oak
ash
floodplain forest
radial growth
Opis:
The aim of this study was (1) to assess relationships binding hydroclimatic factors and radial growth of pedunculate oak and European ash growing on active terraces of river valleys; (2) to compare the growth reaction of these species from this location. Research site was located in a floodplain valley, within mid-course of the lowland section of the Warta River in the Lasy Czeszewskie Forest, Poland. The Warta River (length 808 km, basin area: 54,529 km2 ) is a mid-size European river, a tributary of the Odra River draining the North European Plain to the Baltic Sea. The sampled forest stand was an old growth composed of pedunculate oak and European ash mixed with other mature tree species. The main conclusions are: (1) ash in comparison to oak growing on the same site located on floodplains appeared to be both more sensitive to hydroclimatical features and less ecologically flexible as far as monthly pattern of water requirements is concerned, therefore adaptation to changing climatic conditions and drought may be a greater ecological challenge for ash than for oak in river valleys; (2) streamflow could be considered as the parameter that substituted precipitation well, or even was more important than precipitation, as far as availability of water for development of tree rings of ash and oak growing on active terraces of river valleys is concerned; however, the role of streamflow in radial growth developing decreased substantially during 20th century; (3) Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) as a measure of drought is a prospective parameter in dendroecological analysis, since it conveys real availability of water for trees.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, III/1; 1075-1091
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Abundance and diversity of fungi in oak wood
Autorzy:
Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
Kwasna, H.
Kokot, K.
Haluszczak, M.
Lakomy, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2077912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
abundance
deadwood
diversity
fungi
ITS
Illumina
oak
Opis:
Deadwood is an important functional and structural component of forest ecosystems since it regulates nutrient cycling, serves as a carbon (C) pool, increases the C content in the soil, and is a source of resources, including water, for a wide range of saproxylic and non-saproxylic organisms. The abundance and diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in six fallen, horizontally lying logs of Quercus petraea, in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decay classes, in the Drawa National Park in Poland in 2015, were studied using the Illumina se- quencing technique. The total number of OTUs obtained (264 307) included sequences of culturable fungi (242 369 = 91.70%) and non-culturable fungi (7 056 = 2.66%). The dead oak wood was colonized by 277 taxa. Culturable fungi of Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota comprised 75% of taxa detected and were represented by 14, 139 and 53 taxa respectively. Non-culturable organisms were represented by 70 taxa. Fungi were classified into 18 groups: (i) typical soft rot fungi, (ii) phytopathogens potentially hazard- ous to trees, (iii) epiphytes and endophytes or weak, opportunistic pathogens, (iv) ectomycorrhizal species, (v) ericoid mycorrhizal species, (vi) crust fungi, (vii) resupinate basidiomycetes, (viii) saprotrophs and soil fungi, (ix) opportunistic human pathogens causing superficial or systemic mycoses, (x) pathogens of warm- or cold-blooded animals, (xi) ascomycetous yeasts, (xii) basidiomycetous yeasts, (xiii) antagonists of fungi, (xiv) producers of metabolites effective against pathogens, (xv) hyperparasites, (xvi) lichen-form- ing species, (xvii) partners of other fungi, (xviii) species rare or uncommon in nature. It was shown that: (i) coarse, woody debris of oak is host to abundant and diverse mycobiota, (ii) abundance and diversity of fungi increase with the decay continuum, (iii) oak logs can be a habitat of phytopathogens potentially haz- ardous to forest health, (iv) different phytopathogens favour wood in different decay classes, (v) abundance of pathogens decreases, and of ericoid mycorrhizal (or soil) species increases with the decay continuum. Maintaining different types of deadwood increases fungal diversity, but also the risk of diseases.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2018, 80; 143-160
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tannin content in acorns (Quercus spp.) from Poland
Autorzy:
Luczaj, L.
Adamczak, A.
Duda, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
polyphenol
tannin content
acorn
oak acorn
oak
Quercus
phytochemistry
food security
Polska
Opis:
Oak acorns used to be an important human food, up until recent times. The major factor inhibiting their use in modern nutrition is their high tannin content. Polish oak trees were screened in order to find out whether there are any major geographical or interspecific differences in tannin and total phenolic contents in acorns, which might help us to establish further directions in the search for low-tannin individuals. We studied the level of phenolic compounds using the standard Polish and European Pharmacopoeia method, with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and hide powder. Altogether 49 acorn samples of Quercus robur, 13 of Q. petraea, 1 of Q. pubescens (all native) and 12 of Q. rubra (introduced) were collected in different regions of Poland. The amount of investigated phenolics in Q. robur and Q. petraea acorns was similar, and tannins constituted the main component. The Q. pubescens sample was distinguished by the lowest tannin and total phenolic content and a relatively high amount of non-tannin phenolics. Q. rubra had a slightly lower tannin content than Q. robur and Q. petraea acorns, but the level of other phenolics was much higher. The results for Q. robur suggest geographical variability of phenolic content as well as a relationship between the phytochemical and biometric parameters of oak acorns.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2014, 72
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing the tightness of a square joint between oak wood elements
Autorzy:
Dobrowolska, Ewa
Karwat, Zbigniew
Kupiec, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24072248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
swelling pressure
roughness
tightness of joints
oak wood
Opis:
Testing the tightness of a square joint between oak wood elements. The study was carried out to determine the tightness of square joints between elements made of oak wood. To determine the degree of tightness of these joints, a device measuring the swelling pressure of oak wood under the influence of water humidification was designed. Checking the tightness of joints was carried out for surfaces obtained by machining through: grinding, milling, machine planing and manual planing. Contact angles at the phase boundary wood-water and their roughness achieved as a result of machining were also determined. During the wood swelling pressure test, the values of the preload of square joints were changed. The analysis of the results showed that the tightness of the square joint is influenced mainly by the roughness of the surface obtained as a result of machining and the size of the force of the initial load exerted on the moistened surfaces.
Badanie szczelności połączenia na styk elementów z drewna dębowego. W pracy przeprowadzono badanie szczelności połączeń na styk elementów wykonanych z drewna dębowego. Do ustalenia stopnia szczelności tych połączeń zaprojektowano urządzenie, mierzące ciśnienie pęcznienia drewna dębowego pod wpływem nawilżania wodą. Sprawdzanie szczelności połączeń przeprowadzono dla powierzchni uzyskanych w wyniku obróbki skrawaniem poprzez: szlifowanie, frezowanie, struganie grubościowe maszynowe i strugiem ręcznym. Określono również kąt zwilżania wodą powierzchni i ich chropowatość osiąganą w efekcie obróbki skrawaniem. W czasie badania ciśnienia pęcznienia drewna zmieniano wartości wstępnego obciążenia połączeń stykowych. Analiza wyników wykazała, że na szczelność połączenia na styk ma wpływ przede wszystkim chropowatość powierzchni uzyskana w rezultacie obróbki skrawaniem oraz wielkości siły wstępnego obciążenia wywieranego na nawilżane powierzchnie.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2019, 107; 139--148
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of land relief and soil properties on stand structure of overgrown oak forests of coppice origin with Sorbus torminalis
Autorzy:
Szymura, T.H.
Szymura, M.
Pietrzak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
land relief
soil property
stand structure
overgrown coppice oak
oak forest
coppice
Sorbus torminalis
regeneration
forest management
Opis:
Traditional forest management as coppicing and coppicing-with-standard are recently considered as beneficial for biodiversity in woodlands. Cessation of coppicing leads to changes in stand structure and often loss of biodiversity. In contemporary Polish forestry coppicing is not applied, however some stands of coppice origin persist in Silesia until present. The overgrown coppice oak forests that cover the southern slopes at the foothills of the Sudetes Mountains (Silesia, Central Europe) are considered to be Euro-Siberian steppic woods with a Quercus sp. habitat (91I0): a priority habitat in the European Union, according to the Natura 2000 system. They support one of the largest populations of wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis Crantz) in Poland. In this study we investigated the relation of stand structure and trees parameters with environmental variables. The results showed considerable variability of stand volume, tree density and stems’ size correlated mostly with soil texture, but not nutrient content. We attributed it to soil dryness which seems to be the crucial factor controlling growth of trees. The natural regeneration of trees concentrated mostly on non-exposed sites on less acidic soils, but seedlings of wild service tree were present almost exclusively on most insolated sites, with shallow acidic soils. However, the regeneration of trees in sapling stage was restrained by browsing. Results suggest that maintaining of Sorbus torminalis requires protection against browsing, and some kind of active management is necessary to retain the observed stand structure with high proportion of wild service trees in stands on more fertile soils.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2014, 71
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Responses in young Quercus petraea: coppices and standards under favourable and drought conditions
Autorzy:
Stojanovic, M.
Cater, M.
Pokorny, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
plant response
young plant
Quercus petraea
sessile oak
durmast oak zob.sessile oak
coppice
standard
favourable condition
drought condition
drought response
light condition
Opis:
Assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency (maximal quantum yield) of young oaks were compared in coppice and standard sessile oak stands of comparable age (100 years) under different light intensity categories: under minimum light – ISF < 20%, low light – 20%30% during favourable and drought conditions. Measurements of maximal assimilation rates were performed at a constant temperature of the measurement block (20°C), a CO2 concentration of 400 μmol/l, flow 500 μmol/s and different light intensities: 0, 50, 250, 600, 1200 and 1800 μmol/m2s during three consecutive growing seasons (2012, 2013 and 2014). In every category at least 8 young naturally regenerated seedlings and sprouts of different coppice stools were measured. The quantum yield in optimal conditions in standards was highest in the category of closed canopy, while in coppices in medium light category. During severe drought in 2013 the drop in efficiency of standards was evident in all categories, while in coppices no differences in efficiency were observed between favourable 2012 and 2013 with expressed drought stress, proving the advantage of young coppices over standards in this particular light category. However, the beneficial effects of restoration coppicing are not guaranteed. It is our belief that in time such advantage might decrease; it would be therefore interesting to compare responses in time and define, when response abilities of both studied systems become equal.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2016, 76
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenie drzewostanów dębowych przez Cryphonectria parasitica
Threat to the oak stands caused by Cryphonectria parasitica
Autorzy:
Bieniek, P.
Oszako, T.
Pusz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
cryphonectria parasitica
oak stands
identification
detection
pathogen control
Opis:
Cryphonectria parasitica is a pathogen that causes chestnut blight – a disease that has decimated chestnut trees Castanea dentata in North America and C. sativa in Europe. C. parasitica also infects other tree species, including oaks. Although the disease on oaks progresses and develops in a milder way, it can pose a threat to them. The main purpose of the work is to investigate the risk of C. parasitica occurring in oak stands. The work is based on a review of the available literature taking into account an analysis of pathogen detection and identification methods, current distribution of disease in Europe, distribution of potential host plants, favourable climatic conditions, and ways of spreading (pathways).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 576-582
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The strength properties of Swedish oak and beech
Właściwości wytrzymałościowe szwedzkiego drewna dębowego i bukowego
Autorzy:
Gustafsson, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
Sweden
beech wood
oak wood
strength property
testing
wood
Young's modulus
Opis:
Because of their economic impact most research on wood in Sweden is aimed at our needle-leaved species, i.e. pine and spruce. Sawmills and other industrial enterprises using these conifers are also in vast majority, both in number of employees and number of companies. However, there is a viable industrial branch in Sweden, i.e. furniture companies, dealing with broad-leaved species such as oak, birch, and alder. Such industries often import all the wood they use, even if the same type of wood grows in the vicinity. In order to make the Swedish broad-leaved trees more interesting to the wood manufacturing sector, we examined the strength properties of some common Swedish woods, viz. oak and beech. The result shows that our oak specimens had a modulus of elasticity of 12.243 MPa measured by using four-point bending. So-called the Young’s modulus was 11.761 MPa for tension and 15.610 MPa for compression in the fibre direction, i.e. there was a very high difference. The stress just before rupture was measured to 85 MPa for tension and 76 MPa for compression, i.e. there was a surprisingly small difference. For beech, our corresponding values were 13.017 MPa for four-point bending, the Young’s modulus during tension was 13.954 MPa and 130.4 MPa in maximum stress, whilst under compression these values were 13.101 MPa and 84 MPa, respectively.
Ze względu na znaczący wpływ na gospodarkę, większość badań drewna w Szwecji koncentruje się na gatunkach drzew iglastych, w szczególności na sośnie i świerku. Drewno drzew liściastych stosowane np. w meblarstwie jest w większości importowane. W celu zwiększenia zainteresowania szwedzkim drewnem liściastym wśród producentów, podjęto badania właściwości wytrzymałościowych drewna dębowego i bukowego pozyskiwanego w Szwecji. Określono wartości wytrzymałości przy rozciąganiu i ściskaniu oraz modułu sprężystości przy rozciąganiu, ściskaniu i zginaniu. Oznaczono gęstość i wilgotność badanych próbek. Badania przeprowadzono zgodnie ze szwedzkimi normami. Zginania dokonywano w schemacie czteropunktowym, jako dającym precyzyjniejsze wyniki modułu sprężystości niż badania w schemacie trzypunktowym. Wilgotność drewna określano metodą suszarkowo-wagową. Badaniom poddano stosunkowo niewiele próbek, w sumie 60 sztuk dla obu gatunków i wszystkich badanych właściwości. W celu uzyskania bardziej reprezentatywnych wyników należy przeprowadzić badania kilkuset lub nawet kilku tysięcy próbek. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, iż szwedzkie drewno bukowe jest bardziej wytrzymałe niż drewno dębowe, co można było założyć na podstawie większej gęstości drewna bukowego. Ponadto wartości wyznaczonych wielkości odpowiadają wartościom znalezionym w literaturze.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2010, 53, 183
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of fungi isolated from Quercus robur roots on growth of oak seedlings
Autorzy:
Kwasna, H.
Szewczyk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
growth inhibition
fungi
endophyte
isolation
Quercus robur
root
plant growth
oak
seedling
Opis:
Effects of 62 isolates (of 41 taxa) of fungi on growth of 1-year-old oak (Quercus robur) seedlings were studied in an inoculation experiment. The fungi were isolated from roots of 80–96-year-old Q. robur that had been subjected to periodic flooding and had symptoms of oak decline. The fungal genera included Alternaria, Aspergillus, Calonectria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Corynespora, Cylindrocarpon, Dicyma, Geotrichum, Ilyonectria, Isaria, Metarhizium, Oidiodendron, Ophiostoma, Pezicula, Phialocephala, Phialophora, Pyrenochaeta, Sporendocladia, Sporothrix, Thelonectria, Trichoderma and Trimmatostroma. Mycelial colonies of fungi growing in potato-dextrose broth were used for soil inoculation. Plant growth was assessed 2 years after inoculation, when the plants were 3 years old. Stem lengths, and dry weights of stems, roots and leaves were measured. Stem growth was inhibited by 31 isolates (50%) and root growth by 12 isolates (19%). Stem growth was stimulated by two isolates (3%) and root growth by 17 isolates (27%). The overall ratio of inhibitors to stimulants was 2.1. The proportion of taxa that inhibited stem growth was 16 times greater than that which promoted stem growth. The proportion of taxa that promoted root growth was only 1.5 times greater than that which inhibited root growth. The structure of the fungal communities in periodically flooded oak forests suggests that they are more likely to inhibit than to promote vigour in oaks.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2016, 75
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The oak tree
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/919845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01-13
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
memory
true
story
abusing
humanity
Holocaust
Opis:
The text titled The Oak Tree is a true story told by Kazimiera, a woman who in 1941 saw the bodies of murdered Jews being dumped into a common grave in a forest in Western Poland. This text refers to the work of memory and to the work of narration in the context of representation of the Holocaust. This text opens a question about the limits of commemorating and abusing of the past hidden in words and in silence.
Źródło:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication; 2011, 9, 17-18; 107-111
1731-450X
Pojawia się w:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
""Spalenizna" drewna dębowego"
Red-brown discolouration of oak wood
Autorzy:
Laurow, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/824837.pdf
Data publikacji:
1985
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1985, 129, 09
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Świętokrzyski dąb "Bartek"
"Bartek" the oak of Holy Cross Mountains
Autorzy:
Zielinski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/819827.pdf
Data publikacji:
1959
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1959, 103, 11
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Galasy polskie
Polish oak gall-nuts
Autorzy:
Bilek, M.
Mokrzycki, T.
Staniszewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2234973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2019, 21, 1[58]; 96-104
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possibility of Detecting Species from the Phytophthora Genus in the Rhisosphere Soil of oak Trees Using Visual Crown Assessment
Autorzy:
Tkaczyk, M.
Milenković, I.
Kubiak, K. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/213621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
Phytophthora
oak decline
soil
rhizosphere soil
Opis:
This paper explains biological background of the project. Oak decline in Polish stands in recent years has become a serious problem. Symptoms of disease like thinning crowns, yellowing of the leaves or the appearance of dark exudates on the trunks are observed. Such symptoms are characteristic for pathogenic organisms of the genus Phytophthora. Identification and confirmation of the presence of these pathogens is difficult. That is why we have tried to estimate the presence of pathogens in the rhizosphere soil in oak stands on the basis of visual assessment of crowns trees with symptoms typical of Phytophthora infection.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa; 2014, 4 (237) December 2014; 92-101
0509-6669
2300-5408
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konsekwencje hodowlane obumierania dębów
Sylvicultural consequences of oak decline
Autorzy:
Bernadzki, E.
Grynkiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drzewostany debowe
hodowla lasu
zamieranie lasow
Quercus
lesnictwo
dab
zamieranie drzew
drzewa lesne
oak decline
stand conversion
transitional communities
Opis:
The rate of oak decline has greatly accelerated in recent years. It has been reported that in October 2005, the amount of standing dead trees in oak stands of 14 Forest District Administrations situated within the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Warsaw exceeded 70,000 m3 and an area of 103 hectares was selected where sanitary fellings need to be applied. The restocking of cut areas in the thinned stands with substitutional species was proposed. Besides, the paper presents a conception of oak regeneration by planting trees in wider spacing, under the shelter of pioneer species (mainly birch), using the tending species (i. a. hornbeam).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2006, 150, 08; 61-69
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of cutting off distal ends of Quercus robur acorns on seedling growth and their infection by the fungus Erysiphe alphitoides in different light conditions
Autorzy:
Giertych, M.J.
Suszka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
oak
pedunculate oak
container nursery
oak powdery mildew
Quercus robur
seedling growth
plant infection
fungi
Erysiphe alphitoides
light condition
phenology
Opis:
Quercus robur seedlings are very often infested by oak powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides. This disease attacks primary leaves with high insolation. In our experiment seedling growth in different light conditions was observed. Seedlings were derived from intact seeds or from seeds where the distal ends of acorns were cut off. Acorns were sown in pots at four light conditions (2%, 8% and 30% light transmittance and in full sunlight). For half of the seedlings we reduced the influence of powdery mildew by using a fungicide. Height of seedlings, shoot dry mass and the degree of damage caused by Erysiphe alphitoides were measured. The highest damages were in full light conditions and the lowest in the 30% light treatment. The influence of acorn reduction on powdery mildew infection was not significant (p=0.0763), however, in the full light conditions the seedlings from cut acorns were ca. 30% less damaged. The cutting of acorns also alters the height of seedlings and shoot mass. The tallest seedlings were from cut seeds growing in the 30% light treatment. The influence of the fungicide was lowest in the 30% light treatment where the decrease in damage was only ca. 10%. For nursery practice we can say that oak seedling production from cut off acorns under 30% light transmittance should give the best results of seedling growth even without the fungicide application.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2010, 64
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Galasy rodzimych gatunków dębu jako potencjalny surowiec garbnikowy
Gall-nuts of native oak species as a potential tannin raw material
Autorzy:
Bilek, M.
Kozlowska-Tylingo, K.
Gostkowski, M.
Staniszewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
uboczne uzytkowanie lasu
dab
Quercus
galasy
garbniki
taniny
zawartosc garbnikow
forest utilisation
non−wood forest products
oak
oak gall−nuts
tannins
Opis:
Oak gall−nuts are pathological excrescences on the leaves of oaks (in Poland: Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea Liebl.) created by the Cynips quercusfolii L. The potential medical use of these non−wood forest products should be taken under consideration because of widespread use in folk medicine, but also because of the presence of gall−nuts of Middle Eastern oak species Quercus infectoria in the current Farmakopea… [2017]. The aim of this study was the preliminary analyzes of Quercus robur L. galls in the context of the diversity of the raw material and its possible consequences for the variability in tannin content, and therefore for the therapeutic value. The galls were collected in September 2018 from five living trees forming compact mid−field tree plantation in Podkarpackie Region (SE Poland). To determine the tannin content, hide powder method was used, while mass spectrometry was used for determining the identity of the raw material. The tannin content was found to be between 10.02 ±0.2% and 15.47 ±0.07%. There were no statistical differences between the tannin content of four weight groups of tested gall−nuts. The analysis of mass spectra showed the presence of gallic acid and tannin disintegration products. The results indicate that the tannin content in domestic oak galls is lower than in Quercus infectoria ones, for which less than 20% is required, however Polish galls are still the richest native tannin raw material. It was not proved that the content of tannins in oak galls was influenced by their size. A large variation in tannin content depending on the sample suggests that it might be possible to identify i.e. forest sites or climatic zones, where the obtained gall−nuts will be characterized by the high tannin content.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 746-753
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diversity of flora in the undergrowth of park afforestations, rural plantings and oak-hornbeam forests
Autorzy:
Fornal-Pieniak, B.
Ollik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
flora
diversity
undergrowth
park
afforestation
rural planting
oak-hornbeam forest
forest
Opis:
The process of forest fragmentation has been observed in many countries, where plant species had adapt to different habitats, such as for example manor parks and rural plantings. A number of scientists have studied the parks as sites where waning environments and landscapes find their shelter. In 2011–2012, research was undertaken on diversity of vegetation in afforestations of parks, rural plantings and oak-hornbeam forests in Sandomierz Basin. In order to compare the means obtained univariate analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used with juxtaposing divided by each of the two criteria: size (the small, and large parks) and conservation(cultivated parks and nonclutivated parks). Tukey’s test was used to examine the significance of differences between respective groups. Analyses were with STATISTICA 9.1. software. Plants classified as forest species, grassland species and those of synanthropic communities were observed in all the afforestations. The parks with high wooded and not mowed areas and oak-hornbeam forests were more forest-like than other types of afforestations studied.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2013, 55, 3
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of growth and increment in height of common oak (Quercus robur L.)
Analiza wzrostu i przyrostu wysokości dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.)
Autorzy:
Kazmierczak, K.
Pazdrowski, W.
Manka, K.
Szymanski, M.
Nawrot, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/9717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Katedra Zastosowań Matematyki i Informatyki
Tematy:
common oak
oak
Quercus robur
plant growth
growth curve
tree
increment curve
height
variation coefficient
correlation coefficient
linear regression
multiple regression
Źródło:
Colloquium Biometricum; 2008, 38
1896-7701
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Biometricum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ważniejsze wyniki badań poświęconych strukturze sortymentowej drzewostanów mieszanych sosnowo-dębowych i dębowo-sosnowych
Some results of the investigations on the assortment tables of the mixed pine-oak and oak-pine stands
Autorzy:
Gierlinski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/812953.pdf
Data publikacji:
1963
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1963, 107, 05
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of oak wood parquets
Autorzy:
Ślusarczyk, Karol
Różańska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
oak wood
resistance
properties
single-ingredient oil
two-ingredient oil
wax oil
Opis:
An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of oak wood parquets. The article analyses the influence of oil coatings on the colour, gloss, and abrasion resistance of parquets made of oak wood. Popular oil coatings of the same brand were compared: two-ingredient oil, single-ingredient oil and wax oil. A comparison of properties of several different kinds of oil manufactured by the same brand reveals that they do have influence on the changes in wood properties, when comparing to wood without finish. Single-ingredient and two-ingredient oil darken the colour, increase in red colour and in yellow colour to a similar extent, while wax oil darkens it and increase the share of red and yellow colour less. As to gloss, there are no statistically significant differences between the influence of the different oils. Two-ingredient oil practically does not change resistance to abrasion at all, while single-ingredient oil and wax oil reduce the rate of abrasion, and wax oil reduces abrasion 4 times less efficiently than single-ingredient oil.
Wpływ współczesnych powłok olejowych na właściwości estetyczne i ścieralność posadzek z drewna dębowego. Porównanie właściwości poszczególnych rodzajów oleju, produkowanych przez tą samą markę, dowodzi różnego ich wpływu na zmiany właściwości drewna wykończonego w porównaniu do drewna niewykończonego. Olej jedno i dwuskładnikowy przyciemniają barwę oraz zwiększają udział barwy czerwonej i żółtej w podobnym stopniu, a olejowosk w stosunku do w mniejszym stopniu. W przypadku połysku nie ma ewidentnie istotnych statystycznie różnic pomiędzy wpływem poszczególnych olejów. Olej dwuskładnikowy praktycznie nie ma wpływu na zmianę ścieralności, a olej jednoskładnikowy i olejowosk zmniejszają ścieralność, lecz w stosunku do oleju jednoskładnikowego olejowosk zmniejsza ścieralność czterokrotnie mniej.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2020, 111; 83--93
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The soil fungi communities of brown forest podzolic soils in two different oak-hornbeam forests of the Zwierzyniecki Park in Bialystok
Autorzy:
Tyszkiewicz, Z
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1450887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
degenerated oak-hornbeam forest
Pinus-Lamniastrum
Polska
brown soil
forest soil
oak-hornbeam forest
podzolic soil
Zwierzyniecki Park
soil fungi
soil
fungi community
Bialystok
grey-brown podzolic soil
terrestrial ecosystem
forest
Tilio-Carpinetum typicum
Opis:
The aim of the studies carried out in the natural oak-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum typicum and in the degenerated form in the stage of pinetization Pinus-Lamniastrum, was to obtain and compare qualitative-quantitative structures of soil fungi communities in two different oak-hornbeam forests. This degenerated form of oak-hornbeam forest is the result of removing the natural tree population (typical oak-hornbeam forest) and re-afforesting the resultant vacant area with pines. The study plots were located in such a way that the variations of soil fungi communities were affected only by seasonal changes in the vegetation of the degenerated oak-hornbeam forest Pinus-Lamnias- trum. The soils in both study plots are typical forest grey-brown podzolic soils (Luvisols). The results of mycoiogical studies indicate significant differences between soil fungi communities in both oak-hornbeam forests, although similarities especially in species composition of 15 of the most abundant fungi species were also found. The differences are the result of changes in the floral composition of degenerated oak-hornbeam forest. In the past, when typical oak-hornbeam forest covered whole studied areas, the soil fungi communities were probably almost the same in both plots. The first change could have happened after the removal of the trees; the second, after the re-afforestation of the resulting vacant area with pines. The re-appearance of Tilio-Carpinetum typicum in its once occupied habitat causes changes in the soil fungi community in the degenerated oak-hornbeam forest.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 50; 235-244
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fluctuations in mean stem volume of common oak (Quercus robur L.) depending on age of trees
Zmiany średniej miąższości pnia dębu (Quercus robur L.) w zależności od wieku drzewa
Autorzy:
Kazmierczak, K.
Pazdrowski, W.
Szymanski, M.
Nawrot, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/9573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Katedra Zastosowań Matematyki i Informatyki
Tematy:
fluctuation
stem volume
oak
common oak
Quercus robur
plant age
tree
growth curve
linear regression
multiple regression
Źródło:
Colloquium Biometricum; 2009, 39
1896-7701
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Biometricum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sigmoid growth curves, a new approach to study the dynamics of the epicotyl emergence of oak
Autorzy:
Ukalska, Joanna
Jastrzębowski, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
cumulative germination
Gompertz model
growth curves
logistic model
nonlinear regression
pedunculate oak
Richards model
Opis:
Three of the most frequently used sigmoidal growth curves from the Richards family are the logistic model, Gompertz model and Richards model. They are used in the analysis of organismal growth over time in many disciplines/studies and were proposed in many parameterisations. Choosing the right parameterisation is not easy. The correct parameterisation of the model should take into account such parameters that are useful to describe the analysed growth phenomenon and are biologically relevant without additional calculations. In addition, each parameter of the model only affects one shape characteristic of each growth curve, which makes it possible to determine standard errors and confidence intervals using statistical software. Growth curves in germination dynamics studies should provide information on topics such as the length of the lag in onset of germination, the maximum germination rate and, when it occurs, the time at which 50% of seeds will germinate and the final germination proportion. In this article, we present three parameterisations of the logistic, Gompertz and Richards models and indicate two parameterisations for each model, corresponding to the abovementioned issues. Our proposition is parameterisation by taking into account the maximum absolute growth rate. Parameterisations indicated as useful for germination dynamics are characterised by the fact that each parameter has the same meaning in every model, so its estimates can be compared directly amongst the models. We also discussed the goodness-of-fit measures for nonlinear models and in particular measures of nonlinear behaviour of a model’s individual parameters as well as overall measures of nonlinearity. All described models were used to study the dynamics of the epicotyl emergence of pedunculate oak. After checking the close-to-linear behaviour of the studied model parameters and by taking into account the criteria of model selection (AICc of each growth curve and the residual variance [RV]), the best model describing the dynamics of epicotyl appearance of pedunculate oak was the Richards curve.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2019, 61, 1; 30-41
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utilization of the invasive plant Impatiens parviflora DC. by the snail Columella edentula Draparnaud in oak-hornbeam forests
Autorzy:
Piskorz, R
Urbanska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
balsam
invasive plant
Impatiens parviflora
interaction
botany
Columella edentula
snail
oak-hornbeam forest
Opis:
This study investigated the extend to which the snail Columella edentula is more strongly associated with the small balsam Impatiens parviflora than with other plants in the herb layer of an oak-hornbeam forest, and to interpret the character of the interaction Impatiens parviflora - Columella edentula. Numbers of C. edentula and rates of colonization were compared on various plant species under natural and laboratory conditions. Seasonal variation in snail abundance on I. parviflora was observed on permanent plots. The leaf injuries caused by C. edentula were localized in respect of the morphological and anatomical structure of leaves. The results show that I. parviflora is one of the plant species of the herb layer that are most abundantly colonized by this snail in oak-hornbeam forest. Snail finds a plant particularly suitable as a place for resting. The most favoured attachment site is on the underside of the leaf, along the midrib, which provides the highest and relatively stable humidity, as well as protection from direct sunlight and predators. I. parviflora is also a food for the snails, but they do not eat these fragments of leaves where calcium carbonate is accumulated.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2007, 76, 1
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of oak chips and coconut fiber as biofilter media to remove vocs in rendering process
Autorzy:
Tymczyna, Leszek
Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska, Anna
Paluszak, Zbigniew
Dobrowolska, Magadalena
Banach, Marcin
Pulit, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
rendering plants
biofiltration
oak bark
coconut fiber
Opis:
The study evaluated the effectiveness of air biofiltration in rendering plants. The biofilter material comprised compost soil (40%) and peat (40%) mixed up with coconut fiber (medium A) and oak bark (medium B). During biofiltration average VOCs reduction reached 88.4% for medium A and 89.7% for medium B. A positive relationship of aldehyde reduction from material humidity (r = 0.502; α<0.05) was also noted. Other biomaterial parameters did not affect the treatment efficiency.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2013, 60, 4; 747-751
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retrospektywna analiza wybranych właściwych liczb kształtu strzał dębu
A retrospective analysis of the selected true form factors for oak
Autorzy:
Turski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
dendrometria
lesnictwo
dab
wlasciwa liczba ksztaltu strzaly
drzewa lesne
Quercus
true form factor
oak stem
Opis:
The paper presents a retrospective analysis of the selected form factors for oak stems. The analysis of twelve true form factors (f L/15, f L/10, f L/9, f L/8, f L/7, f L/6, f L/5, f L/4, f 3/10L, f L/3, f 4/10L, f L/2) was done to find the lowest value of the variation coefficient in the successive five−year intervals of tree lives. The relationship between the form factors and dbh over bark, height and slenderness of trees was also analysed.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2003, 147, 07; 31-39
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chosen properties of oak wood immersed for 6 months in the Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Fojutowski, A.
Wroblewska, H.
Kropacz, A.
Komorowicz, M.
Noskowiak, A.
Pomian, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
chosen property
oak wood
Baltic Sea
strength
fungi
decay
chemical composition
archaeological wood
Opis:
Changes of physical and chemical properties, mass loss and susceptibility of oak wood to decay caused by Basidiomycetes fungi were assessed after wood samples had been taken out of the sea within the framework of MACHU project. Test samples of oak wood of the dimensions of 250 × 10 × 10 mm were placed in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea at the area of medieval seaport in Puck and in waters of the Gdansk Bay at the same longitude as Orłowo (near the wreck of Swedish warship Solen). The samples taken out of the sea were examined visually and described. Changes in mass of the samples, their bending strength and modulus of elasticity, compression strength along the grain, ability to decay caused by Trametes versicolor fungus, content of mineral substances and substances soluble in water, ethanol-benzene mixture and in 1-percent aqueous solution of NaOH, content of cellulose, lignin and pentosanes as well as pH of the wood were investigated. The properties of samples taken out of the sea after 6 months of immersion were compared with the properties of control twin samples of oak wood which had not been immersed. The results obtained so far indicate that noticeable, measurable changes in oak wood immersed in sea occur already in half a year since immersion, so observation of them may be useful for protection and monitoring of underwater archaeological objects.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo; 2011, 42
0071-6685
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fenologiczne formy dębu szypułkowego
Fenologicheskie formy chereshchatogo duba
Phenological forms of the English oak
Autorzy:
Hernik, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/821778.pdf
Data publikacji:
1973
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1973, 117, 07
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomasa i roczna produkcja drzewostanów dębowych Puszczy Niepołomickiej
Biomass and annual production of oak stands in the Niepolomicka Forest
Autorzy:
Orzeł, S.
Ochał, W.
Forgiel, M.
Socha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drzewostany debowe
Puszcza Niepolomicka
lesnictwo
biomasa
produkcja biomasy
oak stand
biomass
annual biomass production
Opis:
The paper presents the results of the study on biomass volume and annual production of oak stands in the Niepołomicka Forest. The analysis was based on the material collected from 59 circular sample plots where oak accounted for more than 50% of the volume of the tree layer. In the total biomass of the tree layer amounting to about 225.3 t·ha–1, the biomass of the shrub layer (underbrush) is about 2.3 t·ha–1. In the tree layer biomass (about 223 t·ha–1), wood makes up on average 86.4%, bark – 12% and assimilatory apparatus – 1.6%. The share of wood in the biomass increases with the increase of stand age, while that of bark and assimilatory apparatus declines. The proportion of these elements in the dry mass production (on average 9.8 t·ha–1·year–1) is somewhat different. Almost 35% of its volume is assimilatory apparatus whose share increases with stand age. The increment of bark is about 9%, while of wood it is 56% of the annual biomass production of the stands under analysis and slightly decreases with stand age.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2006, 150, 05; 30-43
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of oak-hornbeam diversity on flowering and fruiting of Impatiens parviflora DC.
Wplyw zroznicowania gradu na kwitnienie i owocowanie Impatiens parviflora DC.
Autorzy:
Piskorz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/878536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Impatiens parviflora
Central Europe
flowering
botany
Europe
oak-hornbeam forest
fruiting
annual plant
phenotypic plasticity
Źródło:
Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Botanika-Steciana; 2005, 09
1896-1908
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Botanika-Steciana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Określanie wieku starych dębów
Estimation of the age of old oak trees
Autorzy:
Ufnalski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wiek drzew
okreslanie wieku
srednie przyrosty roczne
drzewa stare
Quercus
lesnictwo
dab
przyrosty roczne
drzewa lesne
quercus robur
quercus petraea
old oak trees
tree age
age estimation
Opis:
The age of old trees is often estimated only on the basis of trunk thickness. A more detailed method for estimation of the age of old oak trees is presented here, depending on species and environmental conditions. For oak trees growing singly or at forest edges, the mean annual ring width is over 2 mm, while in the forest interior ca. 1 mm for Quercus petraea, and 1.2−2.5 mm for Q. robur, depending on site fertility.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2008, 152, 10; 36-40
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The spread of Impatiens parviflora DC. in Central European oak forests - another stage of invasion?
Autorzy:
Reczynska, K.
Swierkosz, K.
Dajdok, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
Impatiens parviflora
spread
Central Europe
oak forest
invasive plant
long-term change
plant species
species composition
forest vegetation
small balsam
Opis:
In this study, we examine the pattern of occurrence of Impatiens parviflora in Central European oak forests over time and its ecological requirements within these types of communities. Research was based on phytosociological data collected in 3776 relevés. A modified TWINSPAN algorithm were used to distinguish the groups of oak forests. The ecological preferences of the I. parviflora and studied communities as well as differences between invaded and non-invaded vegetation plots were analyzed using mean weighted Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs). Finally, both the temporal pattern of I. parviflora participation and changes in its coverage in the studied communities were analyzed. Our study confirmed a high adaptability of this species with respect to temperature, moisture, soil reaction and nutrients and determined its broad ecological optimum in oak forests. However, it also revealed both a greater sensitivity of some communities within Central European oak forests to the invasion of I. parviflora and differences in habitat conditions between invaded and non-invaded vegetation plots. This suggests that the habitat niche of I. parviflora within oak forests is not accidental. The analysis of temporal changes in the frequency of I. parviflora confirmed a 20% increase in relevés over the last 50 years. However, we did not identify any statistically significant rise in the coverage of I. parviflora in oak forests specifically during the studied period.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2015, 84, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena stopnia uszkodzenia liści drzewostanów dębowych Nadleśnictwa Wołów dotkniętych klęską powodzi
Assessment of leaf damage in oak stands in the flood-affected Wolow Forest Division
Autorzy:
Kuzmiński, R.
Szewczyk, W.
Korczyński, I.
Łakomy, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
tereny pokleskowe
tereny popowodziowe
drzewostany debowe
drzewa lesne
dab
Quercus
defoliacja
liscie
uszkodzenia lisci
szkodniki roslin
owady
Nadlesnictwo Wolow
flood
defoliation
Wołów Forest Division
oak die-back
pest insects
oak stands
Opis:
This study examines the effect of flood on oak stands in the Wołów Forest Division by assessing the loss of leaf area due to insect feeding as determined in laboratory analyses of samples collected from standing trees. We compared stands, in which water stagnated for at least one month and stands with no water stagnation. It was found that the mean damage to the carbon assimilating organs of stands with stagnating water was lowered by approximately 6% compared to stands that were not affected by flood. Thus, no definite effect of flood contributing to losses of carbon assimilating organs in oak trees could be shown.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2015, 76, 3; 297-303
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena zdrowotności dębu na podstawie stopnia ubytku aparatu asymilacyjnego wybranych drzewostanów dębowych Nadleśnictwa Wołów
Assessment of the health condition of oak on the basis of the degree of assimilation apparatus losses in oak stands of the Wolow Forest District
Autorzy:
Szewczyk, W.
Czeryba, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Nadlesnictwo Wolow
drzewostany debowe
drzewa lesne
dab
Quercus
stan zdrowotny drzew
aparat asymilacyjny
defoliacja
stopien defoliacji
oak
decline
defoliation
wołów forest district
Opis:
Distinct symptoms of oak decline, which occurred in the year 2004 on the area of the Wołów Forest District, prompted to determine the health condition of this species stands according to the European criteria i.e. on the basis of the defoliation degree. Oak stands in that area are exposed to the activity the Legnicko−Głogowski Copper Industry Region. Besides, the lowering of Odra riverbed, which in that area reaches 3 m, also exerts a significant effect on the functioning of the ecosystems. An estimation of the assimilation apparatus losses was carried out at the turn of July and August in 2005 and 2007 on the basis of an atlas elaborated by Borecki and Kęczyński [1992]. Data obtained in this way permitted to classify each tree into four defoliation classes from 0 to 3. In case of a dead tree, it was classified into the fifth class encoded as 4. In the first year of observation, the highest frequency (35.0%) was observed in defoliation class #2 i.e. in stands with medium damages. Class #1 included 33.6% of trees. The assessment was repeated two years later. The number of trees without defoliation symptoms decreased four times, while the number of trees with a strong defoliation and of dead trees increased.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2010, 154, 02; 100-106
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyka lasu grądowego z jodłą w rezerwacie „Jamno”
Characteristic of oak-hornbeam forest with silver fir in "Jamno" nature reserve
Autorzy:
Woziwoda, Beata
Pawicka, Katarzyna
Wolski, Grzegorz J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/510440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
oak-hornbeam forest
silver fir
Jamno
nature reserve
las grądowy
jodła
rezerwat
Opis:
The “Jamno” nature reserve was established to protect the forest community with European silver fir Abies alba Mill. on the northern border of natural occurrence of this tree species in Poland. The results of current phytosociological studies (done in 2011) show that the oak-hornbeam forest – Tilio-Carpinetum calamagrostietosum association with Abies alba, exist within reserve. The present structure and species composition of studied community is determined by spontaneous changes of tree stand. The different proportion of silver fir in shrub and tree stand layers indicate the dynamic changes within this species population.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Szadkowski; 2012, 12; 127-143
1643-0700
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Szadkowski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oak (Quercus spp.) response to climate differs more among sites than among species in central Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Rybnicek, M.
Cermak, P.
Prokop, O.
Zid, T.
Trnka, M.
Kolar, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41078.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
oak
Quercus
plant response
climatic parameter
precipitation
temperature
tree ring
Czech Republic
Opis:
Climatic parameters are the main environmental factors affecting tree growth. The main aim of the presented study was to determine whether different oak species growing under contrasting environmental conditions show different sensitivity to climatic parameters. Four oak stands with Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus polycarpa and Quercus dalechampii growing in the same area were evaluated. Standard dendrochronological methods were used for sample preparation, ring width measurements, cross-dating, chronology development, and the assessment of growth-climate response patterns. Although the species grew under different environmental conditions, their local tree-ring chronologies are highly correlated. The radial growth responses to climatic parameters differ slightly, but the response depends more on local site conditions than on the oak species. At the same time, the strongest correlations between radial growth and climatic parameters were identical among species and sites. The amount of water available in the soil was the main climate-dependent factor limiting radial growth. Approximately since the 1990s, the distribution of rainfalls within the growing season has changed at the expense of spring precipitation. The significance of relative soil moisture content during spring for oak growth increased and the significance of summer values decreased.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2016, 75
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in DNA methylation of embryonic axes of seeds of oak and beech during in vitro culture and cryopreservation
Autorzy:
Nuc, K.
Marszalek, M.
Pukacki, P.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
DNA methylation
plant growing
embryonic axis
seed
oak
beech
in vitro culture
cryopreservation
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 3
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial and temporal differentiation of bees (Apoidea) in the forests of Wielkopolski National Park, western Poland
Przestrzenne i czasowe zróżnicowanie Apoidea w lasach Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego
Autorzy:
Banaszak, Józef
Cierzniak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038152.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Apoidea
Wielkopolski National Park
Oak-hombeam forest
Oak forest
Pine forest
Opis:
Results of the investigations of spatial and temporal differentiations of Apoidea in the forests of Wielkopolski National Park were presented. It was shown that the both forest floor differ with the degree of species differentiation and domination’s structure and total number of bees. In the herbaceous layer of the forests about twice as many spedes were found than in the crowns. Also the Shannon-Weaver’s indices for bees communities of the herbs layer are higher in all three investigated forest ecosystems. The curves of Apoidea numbers in tree crowns and forest floor were similar. The curves of Apoidea numbers in the deciduous forests have one peak in the first days of May. Whereas the curves of Apoidea numbers in the pine forest have multi peak course. It was proved that trees play an important role in feeding chain of bees inhabiting deciduous forests.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Zoologica; 1994, 2
1230-0527
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Zoologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on wood submerged in the sea
Badania drewna zatopionego w morzu
Autorzy:
Pomian, I.
Fojutowski, A.
Wroblewska, H.
Komorowicz, M.
Kropacz, A.
Noskowiak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
MACHU project
bioindicator
cultural heritage
marine research
oak
sea
submerged wood
wood
submerged oak wood
testing
Opis:
The Polish Maritime Museum in Gdansk participated in the EU project MACHU aiming at creation of a system of location, making information on European subaqueous maritime cultural heritage available and dissemination of it. 7 EU countries co-operated in the project. The Wood Technology Institute contributed to research on durability of small oak wood samples submerged in the sea. The samples were considered bioindicator of changes. The outline of research in the project is presented below.
Centralne Muzeum Morskie w Gdańsku uczestniczyło w projekcie UE MACHU zmierzającym do stworzenia systemu lokalizacji, udostępnienia i upowszechnienia informacji o europejskim podwodnym morskim dziedzictwie kulturowym. W projekcie współpracowało 7 krajów UE. Instytut Technologii Drewna wziął udział w pracach w zakresie badań trwałości w warunkach zatopienia w morzu małych próbek drewna dębu traktowanych jako bioindykator zmian. Przedstawiono zarys badań w projekcie.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2010, 53, 183
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zespół grzybów rozkładających drewno sędziwych dębów i lip
Associations of wood?decaying fungi in ancient oak and lime trees
Autorzy:
Zarzyński, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
grzyby
drzewa pomnikowe
biodegradacja
drzewa stare
Quercus
lesnictwo
lipa
dab
Tilia
drzewa lesne
oak
lime
wood−decaying fungi
ancient trees
poland
Opis:
Oak and lime trees constitute nearly 2/3 of an overall number of trees considered as nature monuments in Poland. Being exposed to a number of agents their health condition often is poor. The wood−decaying fungi are the major age−limiting agents for trees. This paper presents the results of studies on the presence of various fungal species on 160 oak and lime trees. The author makes an attempt to define associations of fungi causing wood decay in ancient oak and lime trees in Poland.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2004, 148, 04; 22-26
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Awifauna lęgowa rezerwatów w Puszczy Pilickiej
Breeding birds community of oak-hornbeam reserves in Pilica Forest
Autorzy:
Markowski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945431.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
From 1979 to 1981 investigations of breeding birds communities were conducted in four oak-hornbeam reserves situated in Pilica Forest. In the „Błogie” and „Gaik” reserves the abundance of breeding birds was determined by using mapping technique in two subsequent breeding seasons. A total of 66 breeding bird species within the area of this reserves was recorded. The highest number 61 species was found in the „Błogie” reserve and lower number 48, 44 and 31 in the „Jeleń”, „Gaik” and „Spała” reserves respectively. The density of pairs ranged from 92 to 122 per 10 ha. The group of dominant species always consisted of five bird species: Sturnus vulgaris, Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Parus major.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sozologica; 1995, 4
0208-6131
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sozologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osiemsetletni dąb w Reczu
Eight hundres years old oak at Recz - living monument of nature
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/821639.pdf
Data publikacji:
1968
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1968, 112, 10
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamika wiosennych zjawisk fenologicznych w drzewostanie dębu bezszypułkowego (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.)
Dynamics of the spring phenological phenomena in the sessile oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) stand
Autorzy:
Będkowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
fenologia
drzewostany debowe
dab bezszypulkowy
Quercus petraea
wiosna
rozwoj fenologiczny
sessile oak
spring phenology
Opis:
Numerous studies show that in the pedunculate and sessile oaks there are two forms that differ in terms of the spring development of leaves – one can distinguish early and late variants. Acceleration of leaves development gives the particular tree a chance to gain advantage over others, as well as enables to avoid herbivory caused by insects. However, it is fraught with the risk of damage caused by the late frosts. In turn, trees that develop leaves later can avoid losses, but they have to face the shortened growing season. The article presents the results of repeated observations of the spring development of sessile oak trees in about 90−year old stand in central Poland (19.920365° E, 51.837381° N). The trees were observed every week and classified into one of six classes of leaves development – from the absence of bud burst symptoms to the fully−developed leaf. It was found that over time, the share of trees was gradually increasing at higher and higher stages of development, while at the end of the observation period the rate of development of trees was very high. Importantly, at each stage of development, the trees emerged, which proceeded to much faster development than previously, and their share was increasing over time, as shown in the elaborated model of stand development.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 12; 998-1006
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary
Autorzy:
Varga, A.
Odor, P.
Molnar, Z.
Boloni, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
history
natural regeneration
secondary forest
oak-beech forest
socioeconomic change
forest cover change
large tree
wood pasture
Hungary
Opis:
Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history and to document the current tree stand structure for a secondary oak-beech woodland in Hungary. Towards the end of the 1800s, this area which was once almost completely occupied by a continuous forest, had been transformed into a wood-pasture. As a result of its gradual abandonment, the closed forest stand of the pasture increased from 10 to 52% between 1963 and 2005. The most characteristic feature of this woodland is the abundance of large trees. Globally, the number of large and ancient trees is rapidly diminishing. Therefore preserving and maintaining such areas, where large trees could live, is an essential management task.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2015, 84, 2
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena korytarzowej metody uprawy dębu (Quercus sp.) na przykładzie obiektów badawczych w nadleśnictwach Mircze i Kościan
Evaluation of the corridor method for oak (Quercus sp.) cultivation using research objects in the Mircze and Koscian Forest Districts as an example
Autorzy:
Paluch, R.
Gil, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1292277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
dab
Quercus
uprawa korytarzowa
ocena hodowlana
hodowla lasu
odnowienia lasu
Nadlesnictwo Mircze
Nadlesnictwo Koscian
oak
corridor method
oak cultivation
forest regeneration
stand tending
Opis:
The corridor method of oak (Quercus sp) cultivation is an old, forgotten silvicultural method. It was developed around the turn of the 19th and 20th century on the south-eastern borders of Poland (Podole, Wołyń) and Russia and made use of other species such as hornbeam, linden and birch as a cover for oak, which is a tree species sensitive to frosts. The nowadays recurring phenomenon of oak disease initiated a search for silvicultural alternatives and thus the usefulness of reviving the corridor method for oak regeneration was investigated by examining existing tree stands established in this way. Our research plots were located in five young stands and two in mature as well as old stands. In the stands of the 2nd and 3rd age classes, the density of oaks was observed to be 1500 - 3500 /ha, which accounted for 30-50%. The density of oak in old stands (7th age class) was similar to model-predicted values. Furthermore, the corridor method gave very good production results as exemplified by the oak stands growing on the fresh broadleaved site, which had a very high stand quality index. In addition, the species composition was observed to diversify throughout these oak stands’ development, thus supporting arguments for the conservation and preservation of oak-hornbeam forests. To summarise, the prerequisites for the success of the corridor method are systematic cuts of young stands (forest cultures and thickets) to inhibit the growth of accompanying undesired species and limiting the number of grazing animals.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2018, 79, 1
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wood-inhabiting fungi on pedunculate oak coarse woody debris in relation to substratum quantity and forest age
Autorzy:
Irsenaite, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/67408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Opis:
Wood-inhabiting fungi on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) coarse woody debris (CWd) was investigated in 50 plots of 0.1 ha in oak stands of different ages in Lithuania. In maturing stands (50-120 years) the average volume of oak CWdwas 4.7 m3 /ha, and in mature stands (over 120 years) – 13.9 m 3 /ha. Both in maturing and mature stands, the greatest fraction of CWdconsisted of fallen oak branches (81 % and 84 % respectively), whereas fallen trunks comprised about 10 % of the total units of CWd. In total 1350 records of 203 species (49 ascomycetes and 154 basidiomycetes) were collected during 2 years of investigation. species richness and abundance increased significantly with the increase of volume and abundance of CWd. Higher species richness was detected in mature stands than in maturing ones. Woodinhabiting species composition varied greatly at stand scale, and one third of all detected species occurred only in one plot. Redlisted fungi were found only in mature stands. We conclude that, even in managed oak stands, oak CWd maintains a rather diverse species composition of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. However, the current practice of forestry in Lithuania of removing dying or dead wood of large volume, e.g. standing and fallen trunks, reduce the distribution of highly specialized, usually rare, and endangered fungi.
Źródło:
Acta Mycologica; 2007, 42, 2
0001-625X
2353-074X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mycologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania nad określaniem dojrzałości i wieku rębności drzewostanów mieszanych dębowo-sosnowych i sosnowo-dębowych na podstawie powierzchni próbnych
Studies on the determination of maturity and cutting-age for mixed, oak-pine and pine-oak stands on the bassi of sample areas. Provisional report
Autorzy:
Gierlinski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/821086.pdf
Data publikacji:
1967
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1967, 111, 05
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna dębu czerwonego (Quercus rubra L.) z Polski południowo-wschodniej
Variability of selected macrostructural features and the wood density of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) from south-eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Wąsik, R.
Michalec, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
red oak
sapwood
annual rings
latewood
density
Opis:
The aim of the paper was to determine the variability of selected macrostructural features and wood density for northern red oak growing in south−eastern Poland. On 4 study plots, we sampled each tree, taking an increment core from the northern side of the trunk, from the height of 1.3 m. The number of tree rings, width and the share of sapwood was measured. The cores were scanned and then tree ring and latewood widths were measured. The latewood proportion in each ring was calculated. Next, starting from the bark, the cores were divided into sections containing 10 annual rings. The relative wood density was determined for each section, then the density was calculated for entire stem cross−section. The mean sapwood width was 1.5 cm. It included 7 annual rings on average, and its share in the trunk cross−sectional area reached 17%. Younger red oaks (II and III age classes) had a significantly higher share of sapwood compared to older trees (IV and V age classes). The investigated red oaks formed narrow−ring wood with an average width of 2.16 mm. The trees growing on deciduous forest habitat had a more equal tree ring width compared to trees from coniferous forest habitats, where this feature showed also higher variability. The latewood proportion in the studied red oaks was 60% on average. The mean relative wood density was 0.578 g/cm3 and it was slightly higher than the value given for red oaks growing in North America. The calculated absolute density (with an assumed volumetric shrinkage from 12.9 to 13.7%) varied from 0.664 to 0.670 g/cm3. It classifies the investigated wood as moderately heavy. Similar density values are given for native oaks, which allows to assume that the technical quality of the wood of red oaks growing in Poland is similar to native oak species. The wood of trees from deciduous forest habitat showed a significantly higher density and a more equal distribution compared to the trees from coniferous forest sites. The raw material of red oaks obtained from deciduous forest habitats should characterize by a better technical quality of wood in comparison with that obtained from coniferous forest sites.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 10; 850-859
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling the potential distribution of the endemic oak Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy in Turkey from the last interglacial to the future: From near threatened to endangered
Autorzy:
Sarikaya, A.G.
Orucu, O.K.
Sen, I.
Sarikaya, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
oak
biogeography
species distribution modelling
MaxEnt
biodiversity conservation
Opis:
The aims of this study are to model past (LIG, LGM and Mid-Holocene), present and future (2050 and 2070) distributions of the Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy by using Maximum Entropy, and to predict suitable areas for the conservation of the species for future planning. MaxEnt distribution modeling was used to model distributions. Results for past bioclimatic conditions show that the distribution area of the species expanded and then contracted (LIG to LGM and LGM to HOL). The modelling shows that the distribution range of the species will be narrower in the future. The species will be facing extinction towards 2070. Therefore, the conservation status of the species should be evaluated according to the present findings. Although the largest population of the Q. vulcanica is found in Isparta and Afyonkarahisar Provinces located in Southwestern Turkey, this area will not be suitable for the growth and survival of the species in the future. For this reason, a new nature reserve area should be established in a more suitable climate.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2022, 88; 70-80
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cactus and Holm Oak Acorn for Efficient Textile Wastewater Treatment by Coagulation-Flocculation Process Optimization Using Box-Benhken Design
Autorzy:
Adachi, Abderrazzak
Soujoud, Radouane
El Ouadrhiri, Faiçal
Tarik, Moubchir
Hmamou, Anouar
Eloutassi, Noureddine
Lahkimi, Amal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
coagulation-flocculation
textile wastewater
response surface methodology
decolorization
cactus
holm oak acorn
Opis:
In this study, the effectiveness of using natural bio-coagulants and bio-flocculants to treat textile wastewater through the coagulation-flocculation method was examined. These bio-based agents have several advantages over chemical agents, including biodegradability, natural abundance, low toxicity, and low cost. A bio-coagulant (holm oak acorn (HOA)) and a bio-flocculant (cactus juice) were used to investigate the capacity for turbidity removal and decolorization of textile wastewater. The UV spectrophotometer was used to characterize the discharges before and after treatment, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) levels were calculated. Box-Behnken design (BBD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized to optimize the process and reduce turbidity and decolorization in textile wastewater. The obtained results show that under the optimal conditions (0.5 g•L-1 of HOA, 15 mL•L-1 of cactus juice, and a pH of 7), decolorization and turbidity removal were achieved at 69% and 90%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of using bio-coagulants and bio-flocculants in the treatment of textile wastewater.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 6; 315--328
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Symptoms of the naturalisation of the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) in Polish forests
Autorzy:
Danielewicz, W.
Kicinski, P.
Wiatrowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2016, 58, 3
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geographic distribution of Turkish oaks
Autorzy:
Uslu, E.
Bakis, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
oak
Quercus
species richness
cluster analysis
geographic distribution
Turkey [geogr.]
Opis:
Distribution of Turkish Quercus L. has a crucial value since Turkey is a transition place between Europe and Asia and located at the meeting point of three phytogeographical regions. To compare the diversity of species and to find the distribution patterns of oaks, species richness of the most current distributions were studied. Relationships of phytogeographical regions and presence of the Anatolian Diagonal relevant to oak distributions were also investigated. Analyses were performed on Davis'grid square system. The highest richness of Quercus species were found at north-western Turkey which were located in the meeting place of Asia and Europe. The lowest richness scores were found at eastern and south-eastern Anatolia. Moreover, latitude, longitude and altitude histograms showed a correlation with species richness. However, the presence of Anatolian Diagonal is partially supported.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2012, 67
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The proposal of a new provisional border of range of the acidophilous oak forest Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959 in central Poland
Autorzy:
Zaniewski, Piotr T.
Ciurzycki, Wojciech
Zaniewska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
forest association range border
Quercetea-robori petraeae
sessile oak
Mazowsze
Kujawy
Łódź
Wielkopolska
Opis:
The range of acidophilous oak forest from Quercetea robori-petraeae Br-Bl. et Tx. ex Oberd. 1957 in Central Europe depends largely on the syntaxonomical concept used and is still provisional. The most continental association from this class occurring in Poland is Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959. It is present in western and central Poland, but its eastern boundary is not well known. The aims of the study were to survey and document new patches of Calamagrostio-Quercetum in central Poland, to check the internal variation of the association and to summary the known distribution of it in lowlands of central-western and central Poland. 23 phytosociological relevés were made within new stands together with soil sampling. New relevé data was subjected to the numerical Wards classification together with acidophilous oak forests datasets from western Poland and oak-pine forests ones from eastern part of the Country. The new dataset was similar to Calamagrostio-Quercetum. Three subassociations were distinguished. Soil parameters and oak site index did not differ from acidophilous oak forest stands from other parts of Poland. The provisional range of Calamagrostio-Quercetum in central Poland was proposed to be moved by circa 60–90 km to the north-east (approximately as far as the Vistula river line) in order to include south-western part of Mazowsze.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2021, 63, 3; 243-259
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiana z wiekiem przyrostu grubości dębu na stosunkowych wysokościach
Changes in ring width increment of oak at relative heights over time
Autorzy:
Turski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973587.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
dendrometria
przyrost grubosci
Quercus
przyrost grubości
leśnictwo
dąb
rozkład przyrostu grubości
drzewa leśne
oak
ring width increment at relative heights
ring width increment variation
Opis:
The paper presents the distribution and variation in radial increment at relative heights of 28 oaks from an 80 year−old oak stand during 5 successive periods of tree lives. Besides the amplitude of relative radial increment at relative heights in 5−year incremental periods was also analysed. The change in relative radial increment at relative heights of oak stems complies with literature data found for other species.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2004, 143, 08; 8-15
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An analysis of selected traits of typical supply of oak logs and a comparison of the efficiency of their processing into flooring
Autorzy:
Rębkowski, Bartłomiej
Koczan, Grzegorz
Kozakiewicz, Paweł
Krzosek, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
wood raw material
European oak wood
wood flooring
multi-layer parquet elements
X-ray computed tomography
Opis:
An analysis of selected traits of typical supply of oak logs and a comparison of efficiency of their processing into flooring. The research was performed on typical supply of oak wood logs of WC02 class, diameter from 29 to 34 cm, measured in the middle of its length (full log length 2.3 m). Wood came from Bobolice forest district, Lubowo forest subdistrict. This type of raw wood is used in standard machining processes (sawing) of multi-layer flooring face layer (top layer, lamella). The application of X-ray computed tomography allows to perform full valuation of raw material quality. The introduction of partially chip-less machining technology leads to significant savings in wood in comparison with standard machining (sawing).
Analiza wybranych cech typowej dostawy kłód dębowych oraz porównanie wydajności ich przerobu na materiały podłogowe. Badania przeprowadzono na drewnie dębowym WC02 o średnicy w połowie długości bez kory od 29 do 34 cm i długości 2,3 m z Nadleśnictwa Bobolice, Leśnictwa Lubowo (reprezentatywny surowiec). Tego typu surowiec jest stosowany w standardowej technologii obróbki wiórowej przy wytwarzaniu warstw licowych (lameli) desek warstwowych. W pracy przeanalizowano jak wpłynęłaby na wydajność ilościową, zamiana technologii na częściowo bezwiórową. Zastosowanie obróbki częściowo bezwiórowej pozwala na zaoszczędzenie znaczących ilości surowca. Straty przy obróbce częściowo bezwiórowej w odniesieniu do całej kłody dębowej mogą być o ok. 15 punktów procentowych niższe niż w przypadku obróbki wiórowej. W odniesieniu do pryzmy różnica wielkości strat może wynosić nawet do 31 punktów procentowych. Sama analiza ilościowa nie daje odpowiedzi o celowości wprowadzania nowej technologii, bowiem nie uwzględnia wielu czynników np.: energochłonności obróbki hydrotermicznej niezbędnej przy skrawaniu. Równie istotna jest jakość pozyskiwanych lameli dębowych, co było przedmiotem analiz w innej pracy.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2020, 109; 92--102
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ornithocomplex changes of the pine-oak forest due to the participation of the introduced population of Quercus rubra L.
Zmiany ornitokompleksu boru sosnowo-dębowego zawiązane z udziałem wprowadzanej populacji Quercus rubra L.
Autorzy:
Gaychenko, Vitaly
Shupova, Tatiana
Illienko, Volodymyr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pomorski w Słupsku
Tematy:
α-diversity indices
ornithocomplex
pine-oak plantation
Quercus rubra L.
Opis:
To date, the issues of the Quercus rubra L. ecological niche formation, adaptation of its introduced populations, competition with populations of native trees in the secondary range forests remain open. Purpose: to conduct an inventory of the pine-oak forests ornithocomplex with the participation of the population of Q. rubra on the territory of the Boyarka Forestry Research Station (Ukraine), to give a comparative analysis of the pine-oak forests ornithocomplexes with Q. rubra and Q. robur as a result of the participation of the introduced species in the conditions transformation of birds habitats. It was revealed that because of the replacement of native Q. robur with adventive Q. rubra in pine-oak plantations, a significant decrease in the species composition (from 24 to 15 species) occurs in ornithocomplexes during the nesting period. The value of the Sorensen index for model ornithocomplexes is 0.62. The average number of birds in both cultural phytocenoses is similar: 2.59 ± 0.50 individuals/km of the account line in subors with Q. robur and 2.51 ± 0.57 individuals/km with Q. rubra. The replacement of Q. robur with Q. rubra does not significantly affect the value of the synanthropization index (0.46 with Q. robur and 0.47 with Q. rubra); does not adversely affect ground-nesting species (L. arborea, A. trivialis, T. troglodytes, Ph. trochilus, Ph. sibilatrix), indicating the presence of nesting stations for vulnerable species. Parus major L., Phylloscopus collybita Vieillot, Ph. sibilatrix species dominate in the forest without introduced trees; with Q. rubra – species Turdus pilaris L., P. major, Anthus trivialis L. predominate. Both types of pineoak plantations provide a full-fledged food resource for birds feeding on invertebrates and mixed feeds. The absence of predator birds, especially hawks, in the forest with Q. rubra is most likely due to the depletion of the food supply due to a smaller species composition and a smaller number of prey. As a result, predators visit subors with Q. rubra less often. The data of all species diversity indices are significantly higher for ornithocomplexes of model pine-oak forests with Q. robur. Dominance indexes data do not include synchrony (Simpson index data are stable, Berger–Parker index is higher in stands with Q. rubra, and McIntosh index – with Q. robur respectively). The data for the indices of species distribution uniformity are close.
Źródło:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 2021, 25; 9-18
1643-0115
Pojawia się w:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regeneracja grądu jodłowego w rezerwacie „Jamno”
Fir-Oak-Hombeam Forest Regeneration in the „Jamno” Reserve
Autorzy:
Sowa, Ryszard
Filipiak, Ewa
Andrzejewski, Hieronim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/944676.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The present study describes changes that have occured in the phytocoenosis of Pino-Quercetum abieieiosuni in the „Jamno” reserve. It was determined that the vegetation of this reserve, due to its high dynamics, recovers to its natural form of Tilio-Carpinetum lypicum with Abies alba. The disapperance of Pinus silvestris from all layers of the phytocoenosis and an essential increase in Carpinus betulus and Quereus rohur in the tree-stand was observed. A slight quantitative increase in Abies alba in the tree-stand was also noticed. Changes in the field layer consist mainly in the extinction of species typical of coniferous and increase in species typical of deciduous forests.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Botanica; 1993, 10
0208-6174
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Botanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zoning of areas with susceptibility to oak decline in western Iran
Autorzy:
Ghanbari Motlagh, Mohadeseh
Kiadaliri, Masoud
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1050761.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
decline
fuzzy gamma
Ilam
mapping
Opis:
Zagros forests have the greatest impact on soil and water protection in western Iran. Despite this, a significant part of these forests, especially in Ilam province, have suffered a lot due to the phenomenon of oak decline. The  first and most fundamental thing a person must know when combating this issue is the distribution of these areas in forests. Therefore, using the parameters affecting the decline in the forests of Ilam province and based on fuzzy logic, a map of susceptible to oak decline areas was prepared. In this study, the parameters of temperature and precipitation, slope, aspect, altitude, distance from farmlands, roads and forest density were selected as effective parameters and fuzzy gamma overlap method was used. The results showed that more than 77% of the oak forests in the province are highly and extremely susceptible to the decline. This confirms the need for rapid action to plan and protect these forests. In addition, the fuzzy method is proposed, which is considered as a fast and efficient method in preparing such maps for other areas
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2021, 40, 1; 75-83
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oak leaf galls: Neuroterus numismalis and Cynips quercusfolii, their structure and ultrastructure
Autorzy:
Jankiewicz, L.S.
Dyki, B.
Machlanska, A.
Dubert, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Opis:
Anatomy and surface ultrastructure of the galls induced on oak leaves by the insects – Neuroterus numismalis (Ol.) and Cynips (Diplolepis) quercusfolii L. – were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). The observations in SEM and in LM enabled a detailed description of these galls and comparison of their structure with that of the typical oak leaf. In N. numismalis gall, the external distal tissues were classified as similar to phellem (cork), phellogen, and phelloderm, and a lateral marginal tissue as parenchyma with the likely role of a storage tissue. In the young C. quercusfolii gall, the cells of internal, nutritive tissue, on which the larva is grazing, formed globules rising above the surface of larval chamber. Many of them seemed to be destroyed by the larval action. In the gall which attained half of its final size, the tissues near the larval chamber were already partly lignified. The microorganisms (mainly fungi) which live in the oak phyllosphere, occurred also on the galls. We believe that the deep changes in the morphogenetic program of a leaf, which are caused by the gall-forming insects, are impossible without the transfer and the integration of the insect genetic material with that of the host plant. We also postulate that a larva secrets as yet hypothetical substances, which redirect the nutrients transport from the leaf blade towards the gall and support its vital functions.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2017, 86, 2
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Notes on some Phytopythium and Pythium species occurring in oak forests in southern Poland
Autorzy:
Jankowiak, R.
Stepniewska, H.
Bilanski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/67107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Opis:
Phytopythium and Pythium species are known to be soil-born oomycete pathogens of forest trees in Europe. Little is known, however, about the presence of these micro-organisms in Polish oak forests. During the period 2007–2009 a comprehensive study of Phytophthora species in soils of oak forests in southern Poland was conducted using baiting technique. In this study, baits were also colonized by oomycete resembling Pythium species. Based on morphological characteristics and the ITS sequences comparisons, 10 species of Phytopythium and Pythium were isolated from the soil-root samples, including three putative new species belonging to the genus of Phytopythium. The most commonly encountered Pythium species was Pythium anandrum. The present study demonstrates for the first time that Phytopythium citrinum and Pythium diclinum can also act as soil-borne organisms in oak forests. In addition, these species were reported for the first time in Poland.
Źródło:
Acta Mycologica; 2015, 50, 1
0001-625X
2353-074X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mycologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tempo wzrostu wysokości dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) w dolnej warstwie drzewostanu sosnowego
Height growth rate of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in lower layer of Scots pine stand
Autorzy:
Paluch, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
odnowienia podokapowe
dab szypulkowy
Quercus robur
wzrost roslin
tempo wzrostu
modele wzrostu
pedunculate oak
height growth
undergrowth
Opis:
This study was carried out in north−eastern Poland in 20 Scots pine stands with well−developed lower layer of pedunculate oak. In each stand, 5 highest oak trees were selected. Basing on the stem analysis, a growth model for oak undergrowth in Scots pine stands was elaborated. It can be used for determination the height growth rate in relation to the age and height of oak. Obtained model was compared to the already existing one for oaks growing without canopy [Bruchwald at el. 1996]. Growth rate of undergrowth oaks was significantly delayed in the initial period by 20−30 years.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 12; 909-916
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomass of the xerothermic oak ecosystem on a site of community importance, BG0001040 "Zapadna Stara Planina i Predbalkan", Bulgaria
Autorzy:
Lyubenova, M.
Dimitrova, V.
Georgieva, N.
Dimitrov, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
biomass
xerothermic plant
forest ecosystem
oak
plant community
Quercus frainetto-Quercus cerris forest
Zapadna Stara Planina i Predbalkan area
Natura 2000 area
Bulgaria
Opis:
The belowground and aboveground biomass was estimated for the tree story, sproutsand seedling regeneration in a representative Quercus frainetto – Quercus cerris ecosystem on “Zapadna Stara planina i Predbalkan”, a Site of Community Importance (SCI). The biomass was measured by destructive sampling (on sample or “model trees” representing three calculated density classes for each species and cut at the stump) of leaves, annual and perennial branches, wood, bark and root components. The belowground (root) biomass was also calculated from a subsample. The data obtained were compared to the results of previous studies and the values on the Bazilevich and Rodin [1971] scale. The ecological status of the forest ecosystem studied and its functional efficiency are discussed based on the study results and specific climate data.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Tree Shelters and Regeneration Method on Survival and Growth of Cork Oak Plantations in the Maamora Forest, Morocco
Autorzy:
El Alami, Sanae Lahlimi
El Aboudi, Ahmed
El Antry, Salwa
El Mnouar, El Ayyachi
Dallahi, Youssef
Rabhi, Ameur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
adaptation to climate change
arid climate
cork oak
forest regeneration
Morocco
tree shelter
Opis:
Forests are under intense human pressure, hindering their restoration. A potential solution to regeneration problems is the adoption of tree shelters, which have demonstrated protective benefits in the early establishment of forest plantations. A 9-year study was conducted in the Maamora forest (Morocco) to evaluate the effects of tube shelters and regeneration methods (direct seeding and seedling) on the growth and survival of cork oak (Quercus suber) plantations. A split-plot design was developed with three replicates of 36 plants for each of the four shelter treatments, including T0 (control), T1 (Tubex 1.20 m), T2 (Tubex 1.50 m), and T3 (Tubex 1.80 m) for a total of 964 plants, where periodic inventories were conducted to assess plant survival and growth. Our results show regeneration methods and shelters significantly influenced the survival of cork oak. Direct-seeded plants were more successful than those from seedlings, presenting survival rates of up to 97%. Despite a minimal shelter effect at the beginning, their positive influence was strong later on. Only plants installed with the 1.20 m shelter had an overall success rate of over 50%. Regeneration method had a strong influence on height and diameter growth, with seedling units showing taller plants initially, which shifted to direct-seeded plants in subsequent years. Conversely, the effect of shelters on growth parameters was generally non-significant. Nonetheless, sheltered trees exhibited greater height and diameter than unsheltered trees, particularly in the latter years. Sheltered plants showed an overall faster rate of vertical growth, while unsheltered plants showed faster radial growth.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 7; 360--374
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Long term observation of mycorrhizal status and above-ground fungi fruiting body production in oak forest
Autorzy:
Peskova, V.
Landa, J.
Modlinger, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Opis:
The complex study in oak forest (Dřevíc; Czech Republic) provided unique long-term data concerning the mycorrhizal activity, fungi fructification and health status of trees in relation to elementary environmental factors. When comparing spring and autumnal root sampling, the statistically significant difference in the nonactive mycorrhizae and dry root mass of 1 mm or less occurred. The annual monitored values of fungi fructification and their differences are dependent on summer and autumn precipitation. The total annual precipitation is not of great importance. The significant connection between defoliation and increased relative quantity of nonactive mycorrhizae and, on the contrary, reduction of the active mycorrhizae density was documented in the overall evaluation. Spring and autumn root samples provided statistically significant difference in the nonactive mycorrhizae and dry root mass of roots below 1 mm in diameter. Long-term surveys are important for understanding the structure of mushroom assemblages and their biodiversity. The significant variation of the annual monitored values of fungi fructification is mostly dependent on precipitation intensity during summer and autumn and not on the total annual precipitation. No significant relation between the mycorrhizal activity and fructification of macromycetes was found in the sense of actual maximum-minimum abundance in time. The significant variation occurs in annual values of fungi fructification, number of species and mycorrhizal distribution, what is influenced by many factors. As a most significant and influencing of these factors is the course of precipitation. The year-on-year and also spring and autumnal differences between the mycorrhizal activity which was not in correlation in time with fungi fructification, were ascertained. Since this discovery significantly predicates the status of the monitored mycorrhizal stand, we consider their actual monitoringas highly opportune and mutually completing the final general view.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2013, 69
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Holocene dendrochronological standards for subfossil oaks from the area of Southern Poland
Autorzy:
Krąpiec, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
dendrochronology
subfossil oak trunks
Holocene
southern Poland
Opis:
Subfossil trunks of oak (Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea Lieb.) are fundamental for construction of long dendrochronological standards for southern Poland. In the last three years over 400 new oak trunks from alluvial deposits from the basins of the rivers Vistula and Odra were analysed. Most trunks came from the last 2500 years and the produced local chronologies permitted for improvement of the standard chronology POLAND2, covering the period 474 BC-I 555 AD. Subfossil oak trunks from several sites in the river Vistula basin (Grabie, Wolica, Podolsze and others) and from alluvia of the river Odra in Wrocław enabled construction of a new long chronology C_3000E, spanning the years 1795-612 BC. This chronology was absolutely dated through teleconnection with standards for southern Germany. A row of floating chronologies, dated with the radiocarbon method, was established for the older periods of Holocene. They cover the following intervals: ca. 670-400 BC, ca. 2200-1900 BC, ca. 3400-3100 BC, ca. 3800-3600 BC and ca. 6650-6150 BC. Subfossil oak chronologies constructed by the author, together with standards based on living trees, monuments of wooden architecture, and archaeological timbers from Wielkopolska (449- I 994 AD), Lower Silesia (780-1994 AD) and Małopolska (910-1997 AD) practically allow for absolute dating of oak timbers from the area of southern Poland coming from the last 4000 years.
Źródło:
Studia Quaternaria; 2001, 18; 47-63
1641-5558
2300-0384
Pojawia się w:
Studia Quaternaria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) leaf as bioindicator for exploration geochemistry
Autorzy:
Vural, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1068136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
83.80.Nb
91.62.+g
Opis:
The element contents of sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) leaves which grow on hydrothermally altered area with high element contents were studied at Gümüşhane and its near vicinity. The aim of this study is to determine threshold element contents of Q. petraea L. leaves growing on the area. For this purpose, oak leave samples collected were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for concentrations of some elements which were the group of most common trace elements in exploration geochemistry studies. The assessment of the element contents of the oak leaf is based on the descriptive statistics and computations of threshold values of leaves depending on statistical parameters and average element contents of the plants growing on lands in normal background values for the elements. According to Q-Q (normal quantile-quantile) plots, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests etc., all the elements, do not pass normality tests. Because of that, threshold values of the elements in leaves of oak were computed by median+median absolute deviation (MAD) and median+2MAD used in raw values for the elements. The data revealed that concentration levels of the examined elements in the leaves in the study area were determined as above and/or exceeded the upper limit of the normal range than in leaf of oak ( Q. petraea L.) which grows on lands with normal elements background. Therefore, it is concluded that leaves of Q. petraea L. can be used as bioindicator in exploration geochemistry, especially for base metal ore deposits.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 130, 1; 191-193
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poliploidalność wśród drzew pomnikowych na terenie miasta i gminy Bydgoszcz
Poliploids among monumental oak tress in Bydgoszcz
Autorzy:
Trojankiewicz, M.
Zarossa, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/791441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania Środowiskiem w Tucholi
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Ochroną Przyrody w Lasach; 2013, 07
2081-1438
2391-4106
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Ochroną Przyrody w Lasach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ŚWIETLISTA DĄBROWA POTENTILLO ALBAE-QUERCETUM LIBBERT 1933 NOM. INVERS. W ŚRODKOWEJ CZĘŚCI WYŻYNY KRAKOWSKO-CZĘSTOCHOWSKIEJ
thermophilous oak forest POTENTILLO ALBAE-QUERCETUM LIBBERT 1933 NOM. INVERS. in the central part of the KRAKóW- -CZĘSTOC HOWa Upla nd
Autorzy:
Brzeg, Andrzej
Wika, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk
Tematy:
phytosociology
thermophilous oak forest
new localities
Natura 2000 site
floristic peculiarities
Polska
Opis:
The paper presents the results of phytosociological research on the thermophilous oak forest Potentillo albae-Quercetum Libbert 1933 nom. invers., which has been carried out in the central part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. The association, which has been stated in 7 localities, is a new type of forest vegetation in this region. On the basis of 35 relevés, made in 2001 following the Braun-Blanquet method, the only subassociation P.a.-Q. brachypodietosum pinnati has been distinguished. It has been divided into two variants: with Pleurozium schreberi (on acid sites), and with Asarum europaeum (on basic ones). The investigated phytocoenoses abound in floristic peculiarities, such as: Adenophora liliifolia, Bupleurum longifolium, Euphorbia angulata, Festuca amethystina ssp. ritschlii, Lilium martagon, Potentilla alba.
Źródło:
Badania Fizjograficzne Seria B - Botanika; 2017, 65; 7-38
2082-3339
Pojawia się w:
Badania Fizjograficzne Seria B - Botanika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Owady minujące liście dębu szypułkowego Quercus robur L. w Bydgoszczy i okolicach
Insects mining leaves of English oak Quercus robur L. in Bydgoszcz and its vicinity
Autorzy:
Wrzesińska, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1293840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
drzewa
dab szypulkowy
Quercus robur
szkodniki roslin
owady minujace
wykaz gatunkow
wystepowanie
miasta
Bydgoszcz
okolice Bydgoszczy
English oak
mining insects
Tischeria ekebladella
Phyllonorycter heegeriella
Opis:
This research on the occurrence of insects mining leaves of the English oak Quercus robur was performed between 2011–2012 in Bydgoszcz and in nine neighbouring sites: seven in forest areas and two in an urbanized environment. The analysis of the gathered material revealed the occurrence of insects from three different orders, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, and 10 families: Curculionidae, Tenthredinidae, Bucculatricidae, Coleophoridae, Eriocraniidae, Gracillariidae, Heliozelidae, Incurvariidae, Nepticulidae and Tischeriidae. In total, 21 insect species were collected from Q. robur; most of them at forest sites. A slightly lower number of species was recorded at Janowo, where oaks were growing on the edge of the forest in the vicinity of a transport route with heavy traffic. Even fewer taxa were observed in the vicinity of urbanised areas; in the city park on the Bydgoszcz Canal and in Fordon. The most abundant species on the English oak were Tischeria ekebladella (Bjerk.) and Phyllonorycter heegeriella (Zell.).
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2017, 78, 4
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbiorowiska grzybów w rozkładającym się drewnie dębu i sosny
Communities of fungi in decomposed wood of oak and pine
Autorzy:
Kwaśna, H.
Mazur, A.
Łabędzki, A.
Kuźmiński, R.
Łakomy, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1294810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
fitopatologia lesna
dab
Quercus
sosna
Pinus
drewno martwe
rozklad drewna
grzyby
zbiorowiska grzybow
communities of fungi
oak
Scots pine
succession
wood decomposition
Opis:
The abundance and diversity of wood decomposing fungi were investigated by isolating and cultivating filamentous fungi from wood and by detection of fruit bodies of ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi. The objective was to study the impact of forest management on fungi in 100-year-old oak and 87-year-old Scots pine forests in Northern Poland. Fungi were found on coarse woody debris of decayed stumps and fallen logs, boughs and branches in each of the three (managed and unmanaged) examined stands. In total, 226 species of Oomycota and fungi were recorded. Oak wood was colonized by one species of Oomycota and 141 species of fungi including Zygomycota (19 species), Ascomycota (103 species) and Basidiomycota (19 species). Scots pine wood was also colonized by one species of Oomycota and 138 species of fungi including Zygomycota (19 species), Ascomycota (90 species) and Basidiomycota (29 species). In the first, second and third stages of decomposition, the oak wood was colonized by 101, 89 and 56 species of fungi respectively and pine wood was colonized by 82, 103 and 47 species respectively. Eighty three of the observed species (37%) occurred on both types of wood, while the other species displayed nutritional preferences. A decrease in the number of species with advancing decay indicates the necessity for a continuous supply of dead wood to the forest ecosystem. This supply would secure the continuity of fauna and flora and guarantee a stable forest development. The nutritional and ecological preferences of many fungal species furthermore indicate the necessity of supplying the forests with wood of different species. In commercially managed forests the results obtained here will aid in: (i) the development of strategies for effective dead wood management in the context of forest productivity and future wood stock growth, as well as (ii) finding a compromise between forest management requirements and environmental protection.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2016, 77, 3
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Korek naturalny. Cz. I. Uprawy dębu korkowego, makro- i mikroskopowa morfologia korka
Natural cork. Part I. Cork oak tree culture, macro- and micromorphology of cork
Autorzy:
Urbaniak, M.
Gołuch-Góreczna, R.
Błędzki, A. K.
Gajdziński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
Tematy:
korek
uprawy dębu korkowego
morfologia
skład chemiczny
suberyna
cork
cork oak tree culture
morphology
chemical composition
suberin
Opis:
Kora dębu korkowego, uprawianego głównie w Portugalii i w krajach zachodniej części basenu Morza Śródziemnego, jest wykorzystywana od ponad 5 tys. lat. Obecnie znajduje szerokie zastosowanie, od naturalnych korków do butelek po elementy z kompozytów w budownictwie, transporcie, a nawet przemyśle kosmicznym, jest strategicznym surowcem dla zrównoważonego rozwoju, nie tylko krajów śródziemnomorskich. W Cz. I artykułu omówiono uprawy dębów korkowych oraz strukturę chemiczną ich kory, a także makro- i mikroskopową morfologię korka naturalnego.
Cork is the bark of the cork oak tree cultivated mainly in Portugal and the Mediterranean region. As amaterial it has been used for more than 5000 years. Nowadays, it is used in multiple applications, from wine bottles to aeronautics and regarded as astrategic material for sustainable development in many countries. The first part of the presented review is focused on cultivation aspects of cork oak trees as well as morphology (at macro- and microscales) and chemical structure of suberin, the main constituent of cork. The honeycomb-like cork structure makes it one of the best natural, renewable, sustainable raw material, which is used all over the world.
Źródło:
Polimery; 2017, 62, 5; 388-393
0032-2725
Pojawia się w:
Polimery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Haupt’s America. Attempts at an entropic novel. Luizjana, W barze Harry’ego, Zamierzchłe echa, Oak Alley nad Missisipi, Cyklon
Ameryka Haupta. Próba entropicznej powieści. Szkice: Luizjana, W barze Harry’ego, Zamierzchłe echa, Oak Alley nad Missisipi, Cyklon
Autorzy:
Szczerbakiewicz, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
entropy
equilibrium
ecology
the Mississippi Delta
William Faulkner
entropia
ekwilibrium
ekologia
Delta Missisipi
Opis:
Motyw entropii w twórczości Zygmunta Haupta był unikatowym momentem kojarzącym spekulatywność nowoczesnego scjentyzmu z modernistyczną prozą. Wyjaśnienie naukowe – fizyka – posłużyło interpretacji historii naturalnej i społecznej świata. Drugie prawo dynamiki, na ogół rozumiane w humanistycznym ujęciu jako pesymistyczna perspektywa przemijania energetycznej żywotności życia, świata ludzkiego, cywilizacji, u Haupta rozszerzyło swoje konotacje. Ameryka u progu jej doświadczenia przez pisarza niosła przesłanie zarazem nadziei i beznadziei. W artykule sygnalizuję podobieństwa prozy Haupta i Faulknera. I nakładanie się na formalne podobieństwo pokrewieństwa światopoglądowego. Piszących o Delcie Missisipi nowoczesnych prozaików interesuje brak równowagi między naturą i cywilizacją, który prowadzi do kryzysu tak natury, jak i ludzkiego społeczeństwa. Entropia okazuje się tutaj paradoksalnym śladem nadziei we wzrastającym nieporządku, który może zwiastować „pączkowanie” nowego systemu, a wraz z nim formę młodszej entropii.
In works by Zygmunt Haupt, the motif of entropy was a unique moment associating the speculative character of modern scientism with modernist prose. The scientific explanation – physics – is used to interpret the world’s natural and social history. Haupt extends the connotations of the second law of thermodynamics, typically conceptualized in terms of humanities as a pessimistic perspective on the passing of energetic livelihood of life, the human world, civilization. At the beginning of his experience of America, it provided him with both hope and hopelessness. The paper analyzes similarities between Haupt’s and Faulkner’s prose, as well as formal similarities between their worldviews. Writing about the Delta, both authors are interested in the imbalance between nature and civilization, which leads to a crisis of both nature and human society. Entropy turns out to be a paradoxical trace of hope in the growing disorder which may be heralding a new system, and with it – a form of younger entropy. 
Źródło:
Forum Poetyki; 2023, 32; 8-27 (eng); 8-27 (pol)
2451-1404
Pojawia się w:
Forum Poetyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
XRF analysis of heavy metals contents in oak wood (Quercur robur L.)
Autorzy:
Balicka, Adrianna
Szadkowska, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200223.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
heavy metal content
XRF spectrometer
wood shavings
Opis:
XRF analysis of heavy metals contents in oak wood (Quercur robur L.). The aim of this study was to determine an amount of adsorbed metals ions from water solutions by oak ( Quercus robur L.) shavings. This paper focuses on XRF analysis of metal contents in examined samples. Necessary material was obtained from damaged flooring strips. Samples were soaked with standard water solutions of lead (II) nitrate, cadmium nitrate and mercury (II) chloride. After 7 days wood shavings were dried and reduced to ashes in muffle furnace. Content of adsorbed metal was marked (XRF) and classified depending on percentage concentration of metal ions in solutions.
Analiza zawartości metali ciężkich w dębinie (Quercus robul L.) metodą fluorescencji rentgenowskiej XRF. Celem niniejszych badań było sprawdzenie adsorpcji wybranych metali ciężkich tj. kadm, rtęć i ołów z modelowych roztworów, za pomocą drewna dębu (Quercus robul L.). Materiał do badań został pozyskany z recyklingu tj. z uprzednio oczyszczonych desek parkietowych. Aby zwiększyć powierzchnię adsorpcji próbek, drewno zostało rozdrobnione na wióry. Przygotowano po 4 stężenia roztworów dla każdego związku metalu. Wykorzystane zostały: azotan kadmu (II), azotan ołowiu oraz chlorek rtęci (II). Każda z próbek wiórów (ok.1 gram) nasiąkała przez ok. 168 godzin w danym roztworze. Następnie materiał został wysuszony, spopielony i finalnie przebadany za pomocą metody spektrometrii XRF (korzystającej z metody fluorescencji rentgenowskiej). Wykorzystano dwa sposoby kalibracji urządzenia oraz trzy różne czasy naświetlania punktu pomiarowego. Otrzymane wyniki zostały przeanalizowane pod kątem osiągniętej ilości zliczeń.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2020, 109; 76--80
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dąb, Quercus, Norwid, genealogia
Oak, Qercus, Norwid, genealogy
Autorzy:
Rygielska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/882370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
drzewa
dab
Quercus
literatura
motywy przyrodnicze
Norwid Cyprian Kamil
drzewo genealogiczne
genealogia
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2011, 13, 4[29]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozpoznawanie jesiennych faz fenologicznych dębu bezszypułkowego (Quercus petraea Liebl.) na ortomozaikach zdjęć lotniczych uzyskanych z wykorzystaniem drona
Monitoring of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) autumn phenology using orthomosaics made on a basis of aerial images acquired with drone
Autorzy:
Łoziński, A.
Będkowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
dąb bezszypułkowy
fenologia
bezzałogowy statek powietrzny
Sessile oak
Quercus petraea
phenology
UAV
Opis:
Changes to beginning and the length of the growing season and the phenological stages can be of great importance for the individual trees, their populations and the populations of other species. The aim of the research described in this paper is to assess the ability to recognize the autumn phenological phases in single trees of the sessile oak, using UAV images. In our study we have examined if we can on this basis rank the trees according to their preparation for winter dormancy. There were 20 observers involved in the research whose objective was to pass each of 114 trees to one of five classes, based on the dominant color of assimilation apparatus observed on an orthomosaic. Distinguished color classes of oaks were: 1 - green, 2 - greenish-yellow, 3 - yellow, 4 - yellowbrown and 5 - brown. The analysis revealed that only 6 of all trees (5 green and one greenish-yellow) were classified by all observers to the same group. Other trees were classified to different colors, and in the case of 25 trees (22%), the number of the same color indicated was less than or at most equal to 12. The applied color scale did not correspond fully to colors perceived by the participants. After completion of the study, all said they ran out of green-brown color, and the crowns of trees that could be assigned to that color, were therefore classified as greenish-yellow, yellow or yellow-brown. In further research it is necessary to explain the causes of green-brown color observed in some trees, as well as its natural meaning and place in a chain of crown colors changes taking place during autumn, using methods of digital image analysis.
Źródło:
Teledetekcja Środowiska; 2016, 55; 5-14
1644-6380
Pojawia się w:
Teledetekcja Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza jakościowa i wartościowa drewna dębowego w sprzedaży submisyjnej drewna cennego w RDLP w Katowicach
Quality and value analysis of oak wood in the submission sale of valuable wood in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Katowice
Autorzy:
Mirski, R.
Malinowski, Z.
Wieruszewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
oak wood
submission sales
wood defects
raw material price
Opis:
In special trade of the valuable wood raw material, in addition to system sales, the submission form is preferred. Increasing demand for high quality wood leads to an increase in market prices. Oak is that species that is devoted for the sale in the group of valuable wood in Poland. Oak timber have a number of features limiting their industrial significance. Its suitability is affected by quality and technical properties. The price level, which is a measure of the economic usefulness of wood, is affected by the share of defects and offered dimensions. The paper reviews the impact of not only the quality factor, but also indicates the correlation between the dimensional parameters of oak wood offered and the average sales prices of special raw material in the submission sales in the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Katowice. Attention was drawn to the influence of both the diameter of wood directed to trade at a constant log length. The paper presents the variability of oak wood prices, where a characteristic factor translating into an increase in the value of the raw material is undoubtedly the diameter of the logs of the valuable raw material.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 06; 467-473
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Helodermatid lizard from the Mio-Pliocene oak-hickory forest of Tennessee, eastern USA, and a review of monstersaurian osteoderms
Autorzy:
Mead, J.I.
Schubert, B.W.
Wallace, S.C.
Swift, S.L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
helodermatid lizard
lizard
Miocene
oak-hickory forest
Tennessee
USA
monstersaurian osteoderm
osteoderm
Reptilia
Squamata
Helodermatidae
Heloderma
beaded lizard
Hemphillian
Pliocene
North America
paleontology
Opis:
The extant venomous Gila monster and beaded lizards, species of Heloderma, live today in southwestern USA and south along the Pacific coastal region into Central America, but their fossil history is poorly understood. Here we report helodermatid osteoderms (dermal ossicles) from the late Miocene–early Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, eastern Tennessee USA. Twenty−three species of mammals are known from the fauna including abundant Tapirus polkensis, as well as fishes, anurans, salamanders, turtles, Alligator, birds, and snakes. Beaded lizards belong to the Monstersauria, a clade that includes Primaderma + Paraderma + Gobiderma + Helodermatidae (Estesia, Eurheloderma, Lowesaurus, and Heloderma). Osteoderms of lizards in this clade are unique within Squamata; they typically are circular to polygonal in outline, domed to flat−domed in cross−section, have a vermiculate surface texture, are not compound structures, and do not have imbricate surfaces as on many scincomorph and anguid lizards. We review and characterize the osteoderms of all members of Monstersauria. Osteoderms from the cranium, body, and limbs of Heloderma characteristically have a ring−extension (bony flange) at least partly surrounding the dome. Its presence appears to be a key character distinct to all species of Heloderma, consequently, we propose the presence of a ring−extension to be an apomorphy. Three osteoderms from the Gray Fossil Site range from 1.5 to 3.0 mm in diameter, have the circular shape of helodermatid osteoderms with a domed apical surface, and have the ring−extensions, permiting generic identification. Macrobotanical remains from the Gray Fossil Site indicate an oak−hickory subtropical forest dominated by Quercus (oak) and Carya (hickory) with some conifer species, an understorey including the climbing vines Sinomenium, Sargentodoxa, and Vitis. Plant and mammal remains indicate a strong Asian influence.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2012, 57, 1
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Results of inoculation of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus sp.) stumps with Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm.
Wyniki szczepienia pniaków bukowych (Fagus sylvatica L.) i dębowych (Quercus sp.) grzybnią boczniaka ostrygowatego (Pleurotus ostreatus [Jacq.: Fr.] Kumm.)
Autorzy:
Szczepkowski, A.
Pietka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
inoculation
artificial inoculation
beech
Fagus sylvatica
oak
Quercus
stump
Pleurotus ostreatus
Opis:
The article presents the results of inoculation of beech and oak stumps with a biological preparation of oyster fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelium. The inoculum was grown on a sawdust substrate at Warsaw University of Life Sciences Department of Mycology and Forest Phytopathology. The experiment was set up at the Forest Experimental Station in Rogów. Stumps were inoculated: i) immediately after tree felling or ii) at approximately 5 and 12 months after felling. A total of 60 beech stumps and 50 oak stumps were inoculated in the years 2002– 2004. The infected stumps were then inspected for the presence of the mycelium and fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus. The presence of fruiting bodies of other wood-decaying fungi was also noted. The extent of rotting was determined macroscopically, with the causal agent being confirmed on the basis of isolation and identification of mycelium from fragments of colonized wood obtained from rooted-out stumps. Oyster fungus mycelium was found to colonise beech stumps much more effectively than oak stumps. Stumps inoculated immediately after, or five months after felling were more effectively colonized by the mycelium than those inoculated after one year.
Zbadano możliwości wykorzystania boczniaka ostrygowatego (Pleurotus ostreatus) do szczepienia pniakow bukowych i dębowych w celu ograniczania bazy pokarmowej opieniek (Armillaria spp.). Biopreparat na podłożu trocinowym przygotowano w Zakładzie Mikologii i Fitopatologii Leśnej SGGW w Warszawie. Doświadczenie założono na 5 powierzchniach, na siedlisku LMśw, w Nadleśnictwie Rogow. Na wszystkich powierzchniach przed założeniem doświadczenia obserwowano występowanie objawów opieńkowej zgnilizny korzeni. Inokulowano pniaki powstałe zaraz po ścięciu drzew oraz ok. 5- i 12-miesięczne. W sumie, w latach 2002– 2004, zaszczepiono 60 pniaków bukowych i 50 dębowych. Na zainfekowanych pniakach oceniano występowanie grzybni i owocników boczniaka ostrygowatego oraz obecność innych gatunków grzybów wielkoowocnikowych. Makroskopowo określano zasięg widocznej zgnilizny i potwierdzano sprawcę (Pleurotus ostreatus) poprzez izolację i identyfikację grzybni z fragmentów drewna wykarczowanych trzech pniaków bukowych i trzech dębowych. Stwierdzono, że grzybnia boczniaka ostrygowatego znacznie skuteczniej kolonizowała pniaki bukowe niż dębowe. Pniaki powstałe zaraz po ścięciu drzewa oraz 5-miesięczne były efektywniej zasiedlane przez grzybnię boczniaka niż pniaki inokulowane po roku od momentu ich powstania. W trakcie trwania doświadczenia na szczepionych pniakach bukowych odnotowano owocniki 19 gatunków grzybów wielkoowocnikowych, a na pniakach dębowych 16 gatunków. Pniaki bukowe najliczniej były kolonizowane przez Bjerkandera adusta i Trametes versicolor, natomiast pniaki dębowe przez Stereum hirsutum.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2007-2008, 49-50
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-100 z 351

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