Changes of physical and chemical properties, mass loss and susceptibility
of oak wood to decay caused by Basidiomycetes fungi were assessed after wood samples
had been taken out of the sea within the framework of MACHU project. Test samples
of oak wood of the dimensions of 250 × 10 × 10 mm were placed in coastal waters of the
Baltic Sea at the area of medieval seaport in Puck and in waters of the Gdansk Bay at the
same longitude as Orłowo (near the wreck of Swedish warship Solen). The samples taken
out of the sea were examined visually and described. Changes in mass of the samples,
their bending strength and modulus of elasticity, compression strength along the grain,
ability to decay caused by Trametes versicolor fungus, content of mineral substances and
substances soluble in water, ethanol-benzene mixture and in 1-percent aqueous solution
of NaOH, content of cellulose, lignin and pentosanes as well as pH of the wood were
investigated. The properties of samples taken out of the sea after 6 months of immersion
were compared with the properties of control twin samples of oak wood which had not
been immersed. The results obtained so far indicate that noticeable, measurable changes
in oak wood immersed in sea occur already in half a year since immersion, so observation
of them may be useful for protection and monitoring of underwater archaeological objects.
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