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Tytuł:
Simultaneous Analysis of Several Mössbauer Spectra
Autorzy:
Cieslak, J.
Dubiel, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
76.80.+y
07.05.Kf
02.60.-x
Opis:
A method based on a simultaneous fit of several Mössbauer spectra from a series of measurements is compared with the one based on an independent analysis of each spectrum. Three different algorithms, namely a least squares iteration procedure, a Gauss-Seidel function minimization and a genetic algorithm based method are applied and discussed. The conclusions drawn are supported by a simulated and a measured spectra analysis.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 114, 6; 1691-1705
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Quadrupole Interaction on $\text{}^{57}$Fe Mössbauer Spectra for Samples with Charge- and Spin-Density Waves
Autorzy:
Cieślak, J.
Dubiel, S. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964225.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
76.80.+y
75.30.Fv
75.50.Ee
Opis:
The influence of the quadrupole interaction on the shape of $\text{}^{57}$Fe Mössbauer spectra expected for samples with charge-density waves andor spindensity waves is investigated. It is shown, by model calculations, that both for the commensurate and for incommensurate charge-density waves andor spin-density waves the shape of $\text{}^{57}$Fe Mössbauer spectra is sensitive to the value, and for asymmetric spectra, to the sign of quadrupole interaction. This necessitates an inclusion of quadrupole interaction when analyzing the spectra recorded on samples exhibiting charge-density waves andor spin-density waves, and having a symmetry lower than cubic.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 91, 6; 1131-1139
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Effect of Spin-Density Wave Parameters on Shape of $\text{}^{119}$Sn Mössbauer Spectra
Autorzy:
Cieślak, J.
Dubiel, S. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1943948.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
76.80.+y
75.30.Fv
75.50.Ee
Opis:
Based on a simple numerical procedure the influence of various parameters characteristic of spin-density waves on the shape of $\text{}^{119}$Sn Mössbauer spectra and the related histograms of the Hyperfine field distributions is investigated.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1995, 88, 6; 1143-1150
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mössbauer-Effect Study of Calciomagnetites
Autorzy:
Dubiel, S. M.
Cieślak, J.
Orewczyk, J.
Jasieńska, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968864.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
76.80.+y
82.80.Ej
Opis:
Ca$\text{}_{x}$Fe$\text{}_{3-x}$O$\text{}_{4}$ samples, with x ≤ 0.28 , prepared from α-Fe$\text{}_{2}$O$\text{}_{3}$ and CaO by the Bridgman method were investigated by means of $\text{}^{57}$Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Room temperature spectra gave evidence that the samples were multiphase, the calciomagnetite being the dominant phase with a contribution of 73% to 99%, depending on the sample. Analysis of the subspectra associated with the calciomagnetite gave evidence that Ca-ions reside on the tetrahedral (A) sites and have not random distribution. Their presence on those sites causes a reduction of the hyperfine field at Fe nuclei occupying the octahedral positions (B) by 12.3(1.0) kOe per one Ca-ion and a decrease in the average hf field, 〈H$\text{}_{B}$〉/dx, at the rate of 29 kOe/mol% for x ≤ 0.07 and of 387 kOe/mol% for larger x. In addition, a linear correlation between 〈H$\text{}_{B}$〉 and the average isomer shift, 〈I$\text{}_{B}$〉, was revealed to hold. It indicates that addition of Ca-ions into the magnetite causes a decrease in the spin-density and an increase in the charge-density at Fe nuclei occupying the B-sites.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1998, 93, 3; 547-561
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza zastosowan i przyklad systemu ekspertowego w zagadnieniach suszenia i przechowywania produktow rolniczych
Autorzy:
Trajer, J
Cieslak, J W
Izdebski, W
Iwanski, C
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/807094.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
przechowywanie
zastosowanie
suszenie
zboza
ziarno
systemy ekspertowe
doradztwo rolnicze
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono przykład budowy prototypu systemu ekspertowego dotyczącego suszenia i przechowywania ziarna zbóż. Przeprowadzono też krótką analizę możliwości zastosowań systemów ekspertowych w doradztwie rolniczym.
An example of building prototype expert system regarding drying and storage of cereal grain was presented. Possible applications of the expert systems in agricultural advisory were briefly analysed, either.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1994, 417; 217-222
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of ionizing radiation on vernalization, growth and development of winter wheat
Autorzy:
Czyczylo-Mysza, I.M.
Marcinska, I.
Jankowicz-Cieslak, J.
Dubert, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
The effects of gamma irradiation on the vernalization requirements, growth and development of winter wheat grown in a rainout shelter were studied during two successive growing seasons. Dry grains of winter wheat cv. Kobra were irradiated with 300 Gy radiation from a cobalt 60 gamma irradiator. Treated and control grains were pregerminated and subjected to vernalization for 0, 42 or 54 days. Morphological parameters of the plants developing from irradiated seeds (M1 generation) and the plants grown from the seeds produced by the irradiated plants (M2 generation) were measured in order to track the studied effects over two generations. Irradiation of dry grains slowed the growth and development of the plants regardless of the temperature treatment. The measured yield structure elements appeared to be lower for irradiated plants, but no clear effect of radiation on vernalization requirements was noted.
Źródło:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica; 2013, 55, 1
0001-5296
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poncelet’s porism in transformation group framework
Autorzy:
Cieślak, W.
Felińska, H
Szuster, J.
Mozgawa, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
transformation group
Poncelet's porism
Opis:
In this paper we introduce a transformation group connected with Poncelet’s porism. Several open questions following from our considerations end the paper. The aim of this paper is to give a new approach to find an algebraic Fuss-type formula for all natural n>2. Developed method may be applied to investigations of Poncelet’s porism.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2014, 8, 24; 28-31
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An impact of engine downsizing on change of engine weight
Autorzy:
Sroka, Z. J.
Cieślak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247468.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engine
downsizing
weight change
Opis:
One of the trends for development of internal combustion engine is downsizing, which in its final form leads to reduction of fuel consumption and limitation of carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gases. The obvious effect of reducing the volume of a cylinder is to reduce the dimensions of the various components, e.g. piston with rings and pin, connecting rod, crankshaft, engine block etc. Changes of geometric dimensions also affect the change in mass of each element and consequently − the whole engine. Expected weight reduction will be a benefit in considering downsizing techniques as another significant development trend in automotive applications associated with a reduction in the weight of the complete vehicle – called “light weight vehicle”. The paper discusses the various forms of downsizing (by stroke, by diameter and mix) and their impacts on the changes in engine mass. The engine Subaru Flat 4, constructed with standard components in terms of design and materials was tested by virtual recognition in mass changes. Original drawings of components and sets have been simplified by for example does not account for chamfers and chops. When calculating also omitted the weight of typical accessories (e.g. fuel lines or electronic components), assuming that each considered option has the same equipment. The highest change in the weight of minus 7.27 % relative to the standard engine was done with downsizing by diameter and smallest one (-6.09 %) by downsizing mix.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 213-219
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Development of Rapidly Solidified Magnesium – Copper Ribbons
Autorzy:
Pastuszak, M.
Cieślak, G.
Dobkowska, A.
Mizera, J.
Kurzydłowski, K. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
magnesium-based alloys
rapid solidification
microstructure
mechanical properties
corrosion properties
Opis:
The aim of the present work was to plan and carry out an experiment consisting of amorphization of industrial magnesium alloy WE 43 (Mg - 4 Y - 3 RE - 0.5 Zr) modified by the copper addition. Investigated alloy modified with 20% of copper was rapidly quenched with the use of melt spinning technique. The effects of cooling rate on the structure and properties of the obtained material were extensively analyzed. The structure and phase analysis of samples were examined using X-ray diffraction method (XRD) while the thermal stability of the samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microstructure observations were also conducted. The microhardness tests (HV0.02) and corrosion resistance tests were carried out to investigate the properties of the material. Corrosion resistance measurements were held using a typical three-electrode system. As the result of the research, the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of investigated alloy was determined.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2B; 1083-1088
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Comparison of the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Sand Cast Aluminum Alloys
Autorzy:
Dobkowska, A.
Adamczyk–Cieślak, B.
Mizera, J.
Kurzydłowski, K. J.
Kiełbus, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminium-silicon-magnesium alloys
microstructure
corrosion
Opis:
The influence of different types of precipitation on the corrosion behavior was investigated in three aluminum-siliconmagnesium alloys. The microstructures of the alloys were studied through optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structures consisted of an α-Al solid solution matrix, Si eutectic crystals, secondary phases AlFeSi and AlMgFeSi (Chinese script), as well as Mg2Si. The corrosion behavior was examined with the use of a potentiodynamic polarization test followed by a SEM surface analysis. The results indicate that all the analyzed samples were in the passive state and AlSi10Mg was less reactive in the corrosive environment.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 209-212
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Safety analysis of water supply systems including protection barriers
Autorzy:
Pietrucha-Urbanik, K.
Rak, J. R.
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
water supply system
protection barriers
event tree
Opis:
Water quality control from the perspective of water supply system users’ safety contributed to create drinking water production and quality control procedures. Contemporary risk hazard analysis should be performed on the stage of production, distribution and storage of tap water. Sequences of undesirable events are considered in the so-called waterworks chain series. This leads to critical control points and gives the ability to provide current control over the processes in the collective water supply system, as well as of their combinations and mutual interactions. Methodology of water consumers protection against incidental pollutions was shown. Algorithm concerning identification of critical control points – CCP was developed .The rules of safety related system into drinking water production have been shown. Also risk assessment using the tree event method was presented.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2013, 4, 2; 241--248
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crisis situation management issues in urban areas water supply
Autorzy:
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Pietrucha-Urbanik, K.
Bajer, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
water supply system
crisis situation
critical infrastructure
Opis:
In paper the methods of comprehensive analysis of reliability, safety and operation of the water supply system were presented. The main goal of this work is to present the problems associated with the WSS functioning in terms of belonging to critical infrastructure. The analysis of the WSS functioning in face of emergency events occurrence should be one of the priority actions taken by the water companies. The paper presents an application of reliability and safety analysis of water supply in emergency situations.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2015, 6, 2; 135--146
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Failure risk analysis in the water supply sector management
Autorzy:
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Rak, J. R.
Pietrucha, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
water supply
risk management
safety
critical infrastructure
Opis:
The subject and main purpose of this study is to develop risk analytic model for the design and operation of water supply sector. A water supply system belongs to the critical infrastructure of cities, and it should be a priority task for waterworks and even for the local authorities to ensure the suitable level of its safety. A water supply systems (WSS) ought to be high reliable continuous operating system. Failure factors in WSS should be identified and prioritized, for example, the causing factors in the most frequent failures in waterpipe network. Drinking water supply utilities are responsible for providing a safe and reliable supply of potable water to their customers. Risk priority helps asset manager to target and refine maintenance plans, capital expenditure plans, investigative activities, and deal with potential failure before it occurs. In this paper, we present a review of classic risk analyses, risk management and new methodology for water supply networks management. This paper presents a framework for the analysis of performance risk in water supply that can be applied to the entire system or to individual subsystems. It is expecting that the methodology for the water supply performance risk analysis would provide the city leadership for decision making support.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2011, 2, 1; 185--196
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of risk and failure scenarios in water supply system
Autorzy:
Boryczko, K.
Rak, J.
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
fault tree analysis
matrix methods
risk analysis
water supply system
Opis:
Water supply system is complicated technical system which belongs to underground urban infrastructure. Its accurate functioning determines everyday live stability of citizens. Risk analysis is a key phase of the process of water supply safety management. The aim of this paper is to present new propose of methods for risk of the first type (associated with quantity of supplied water) and the risk of the second type (associated with quality of supplied water) analyses in water supply system. The paper contains the description of matrix methods for risk analyses and methods describing cause-and-effect relationship of failure events (fault tree analysis).
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2014, 5, 2; 11--18
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low genetic diversity of declining Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) at its southern range limits in Poland
Autorzy:
Paul, W.
Cieslak, E.
Ronikier, M.
Migdalek, G.
Slomka, A.
Zabicka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
Viola uliginosa (bog violet) is a declining species throughout its range due to – mostly anthropogenic – drying out of the wet habitats it occupies. Using AFLP markers, we aimed to estimate the genetic diversity in Polish populations, that may give an insight into the situation of plant populations facing rapid loss of natural habitats. Bog violet from several dispersed Polish populations is generally characterized by very low genetic diversity (HT = 0.048), even lower than several other endangered violets; therefore, we suggest that it should preserve at least EN rank in the red lists/red data books. The mean gene diversity within all populations (HS) was much lower than gene diversity (GST) between populations (0.020 versus 0.583, respectively) which supports the prevalence of clonal propagation of the species (mainly by stolons) but may also point to some significance of autogamy in cleisto- and chasmogamous flowers. A high FST value and the Mantel test for all populations revealed significant isolation by distance. Geographically neighboring pairs of populations formed genetic clusters supported by all (in the case of two closest populations) or most statistical analyses applied. Special attention should be paid to the locus classicus of the species in Rząska, consisting of a small number of individuals, forming a genetically distinct group, revealing very low gene diversity (Hj = 0.009) and the longest genetic distance to the remaining populations. Our results can contribute to planning future protection measures for the species at this and other locations. Genetic structure of the studied populations suggests local affinities of populations but does not generally support hypothesized recent continuity of V. uliginosa range along the river valleys of southern Poland; this view may, however, be altered with widening of the scope of studied populations and chosen molecular markers.
Źródło:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica; 2016, 58, 2
0001-5296
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Precipitation Processes and Mechanical Properties of Aged Inconel 718 Alloy after Annealing
Autorzy:
Maj, P.
Adamczyk-Cieślak, B.
Slesik, M.
Mizera, J.
Pieja, T.
Sieniawski, J.
Gancarczyk, T.
Dudek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
inconel 718
mechanical properties
heat treatment
Opis:
Inconel 718 is a precipitation hardenable nickel-iron based superalloy. It has exceptionally high strength and ductility compared to other metallic materials. This is due to intense precipitation of the γ’ and γ” strengthening phases in the temperature range 650-850°C. The main purpose of the authors was to analyze the aging process in Inconel 718 obtained in accordance with AMS 5596, and its effect on the mechanical properties. Tensile and hardness tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties, in the initial aging process and after reheating, as a function of temperature and time respectively in the ranges 650°-900°C and 5-480 min. In addition, to link the mechanical properties with the microstructure transmission microscopy observations were carried out in selected specimens. As a result, factors influencing the microstructure changes at various stages of strengthening were observed. The authors found that the γ’’ phase nucleates mostly homogenously in the temperature range 650-750°C, causing the greatest increase in strength. On the other hand, the γ’ and δ phases are formed heterogeneously at 850°C or after longer annealing in 800°C, which may weaken the material.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1695-1702
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza ryzyka eksploatacyjnego w polskim zakładzie wzbogacania węgla
Analysis of operational risk in a Polish coal preparation plant
Autorzy:
Cieślak, W.
Sablik, J.
Martyniak, J.
Wycisk, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
ryzyko eksploatacyjne
zakład wzbogacania węgla
operational risk
coal preparation plant
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono metodykę i wyniki badań umożliwiających charakterystykę zakładu wzbogacania węgla metodą analizy ryzyka w zakresie eksploatacji oraz wnioski, które mogą być wykorzystane przy podejmowaniu decyzji w zakresie zarządzania produkcją oraz decyzji inwestycyjnych.
The article presents methodology and results of studies, which allow to characterise a coal preparation plant by means of operational risk analysis and to draw conclusions which could be used for making production management and investment decisions.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2002, R. 3, nr 1, 1; 21-30
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mutations modulate soluble carbohydrates composition in seeds of Lathyrus sativus L.
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Rybinski, W.
Michalczyk, D.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
mutagenesis
soluble carbohydrate
seed
Lathyrus sativus
mutant
galactosyl cyclitol
Opis:
Seeds of Lathyrus sativus cv. Derek and Krab were used as biological material for induced mutagenesis. Three mutant lines were obtained from seeds of grass pea cv. Derek and 15 lines from mutagenised seeds of cv. Krab. Twelve ethanol-soluble carbohydrates were identified in the seeds. We have selected grass pea mutant lines with high oligosaccharides content (lines D4, K56, K25, and K7) and lines with low raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) content (lines K12, K29 and K13). Mutations changing the levels of RFO have not affected the contents of galactosyl cyclitols.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2008, 77, 4; 281-287
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mössbauer and magnetic studies of FeCoNiCuNbSiB nanocrystalline alloys
Autorzy:
Grabias, A.
Basykh, V.
Ferenc, J.
Cieślak, G.
Kulik, T.
Kopcewicz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
amorphous ribbons
nanocrystalline alloys
Mössbauer spectroscopy
soft magnetic properties
Opis:
Nanocrystalline Fe80–x–yCoxNiyCu1Nb3Si4B12 alloys were prepared by the annealing of amorphous ribbons. Primary crystallization of the alloys annealed at temperatures of between 500 and 550°C was studied by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the alloys were investigated using a hysteresis loop tracer and vibrating sample magnetometer. The annealed ribbons are composed of a two-phase nanostructure consisting of bcc Fe-based grains embedded in an amorphous matrix. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) measurements reveal a more advanced crystallization process in the surface layers when compared with the volume of the ribbons. The degree of saturation magnetization of the nanocrystalline alloys is of about 1.5 T. The coercive fi eld varies from 1.0 to 6.5 A/m and peaks at an annealing temperature of 525°C. Magnetic softening of the nanocrystalline alloys observed after annealing at 550°C is correlated with a volume fraction of the nanocrystalline bcc phase.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 2; 79-84
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Use of Biofiltration Process to Remove Organic Matter From Groundwater
Autorzy:
Papciak, D.
Kaleta, J.
Puszkarewicz, A.
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
groundwater
biofiltration process
total organic carbon (TOC)
water treatment
Opis:
The article describes the research on the removal of organic matter from natural underground water using biofiltration process. The study was carried out in semi-technical scale on a model filter composed of activated carbon WD-extra. The development of biological activity in a biosorption bed, as well as observations on the relationship between the processes of sorption and biodegradation was evaluated based on the Eberhardt, Madsen, Sontheimer (EMS) test. Leading operation control parameters of biologically active carbon filter BAF included: change of TOC content, dissolved oxygen and permanganate index. To evaluate the colonization of granular carbon determination of ATP value was used. The presence of the biofilm was found by observation using light and scanning microscopes. The organic compounds in the water taken were adsorbed 100% and 70% biodegradable. The combination of sorption process with biodegradation until depletion of activated carbon adsorption capacity allowed in the initial phase of coalbed work for the removal of organic matter in approx. 100%. Formation of biofilm at the right time allowed to extend the filtration cycle and helped lower the TOC by 70%, i.e. from 10 mg C/l to 3–4 mg C/l.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2016, 17, 3; 119-124
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of the interface evolution during Si layer growth on a partially masked substrate
Autorzy:
Gulkowski, S.
Olchowik, J.
Cieślak, K.
Moskvin, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
epitaxial lateral overgrowth
liquid-phase epitaxial growth
computer simulations
Opis:
High-quality thin Si layers obtained from the solution by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) can play a crucial role in photovoltaic applications. The laterally overgrown parts of the layer are characterized by a lower dislocation density than that of the substrate. The height and width of the layer depend on several factors, such as the technological conditions of liquid phase expitaxy (LPE), growth temperature, cooling rate and the geometry of the system (mask filling factor). Therefore, it is crucial to find the optimal set of technological parameters in order to obtain very thin structures with a maximum width (high aspect ratio). This paper presents a computational study of Si epilayer growth on a line-pattern masked silicon substrate from Si-Sn rich solution. To solve this problem, a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was applied. The concentration profile was calculated by solving the two-dimensional diffusion equation with appropriate boundary conditions. The growth velocity was determined on the basis of gradients of concentration in the border of the interface. Si interface evolution from the opened window was demonstrated.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2011, 15, 1; 91-98
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk analysis of water supply interruptions in collective water supply systems
Autorzy:
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Rak, J. R.
Piegdoń, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
water supply
availability
risk management
value of water scarcity
water production subsystem
Opis:
The subject and main purpose of this study is to present the method of risk analysis and assessment of the lack of water supply to the collective water supply system (CWSS). Presented method using the expected value of water scarcity. The analysis was based on all possible states of the operation of water production subsystem. The article contains calculation example of analysis for the exemplary CWSS with regard to absolute risk, equal to the expected value of water scarcity and the relative risk referred to the nominal value of the water demand. In the example attached special importance to the criteria levels of the relative risk of lack of water supply. Presented method is a new concept which allows to make comprehensive analysis of reliability, safety and operation of the collective water supply system.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2012, 3, 2; 201--208
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on Technology of Alloyed Copper Casting
Autorzy:
Rzadkosz, S.
Kranc, M.
Garbacz-Klempka, A.
Piękoś, M.
Kozana, J.
Cieślak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
casting technology
copper
alloyed copper
copper deoxidation
heat treatment
technologia odlewnicza
miedź
obróbka cieplna
Opis:
The work presents experiment results from the area of copper casting technology and chosen examples of alloyed copper. At present, copper casting technology is applied in many branches of industrial manufacturing, especially in the sector of construction, communications, arms and power engineering. Alloyed copper, containing slight additions of different elements and having special physio-chemical properties, is used in a special range of applications. Copper technology and alloyed copper analyses have been presented, these materials being used for cast manufacturing for power engineering. The quality of casts has been assessed, based on their microstructure analysis, chemical content and the cast properties. During the research, special deoxidizing and modifying agents were applied for copper and chosen examples of alloyed copper; also exemplary samples were tested with the help of metallographic analysis, electrical conductivity and gaseous impurities research.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 2; 79-84
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effects of temperature on the dormancy and germination of Cirsium arvense [L.] Scop. seeds
Autorzy:
Bochenek, A
Golaszewski, J.
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A.I.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
weed
stratification
weed seed
seed
seed dormancy
life cycle
dormancy
temperature effect
afterripening
Cirsium arvense
germination
perennial species
Opis:
The ecophysiological regulation of seed dormancy in perennial species and those with a varied life cycle has not been studied in detail yet. That is why an attempt has been made to determine the Cirsium arvense seed water relations during stratification and afterripening at different temperatures and germination at constant or fluctuating temperatures on the basis of the hydrotime model. The obtained results showed that breaking of the primary dormancy of achenes took place only during the first stratification month at moderate temperatures, mainly due to an increase in the average water-stress tolerance in a seed population. The induction of secondary seed dormancy during after-ripening at all temperatures resulted mostly from a substantial loss of the seeds' ability to tolerate water stress. Fluctuating temperatures affected neither seed germination nor the hydrotime model parameters. The analysis of the variations of hydrotime model parameters allows a better understanding of the physiological basis of seed dormancy relief and induction.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2009, 78, 2; 105-114
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sex-dependent differences in the effect of early weaning on the chosen hormones secretion in sheep during the postnatal transition to puberty – Preliminary results
Autorzy:
Cieslak, .
Chmielewska, N.
Romanowicz, K.
Mlynarczuk, J.
Wankowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
The influence of early weaning on the cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion in lambs of both sexes and testosterone (T4) level in male lambs during the postnatal transition to puberty was investigated by radioimmunoassay. It was hypothesized that this influence is long-term and sexually dimorphic. Hence, the effect of weaning at 5 weeks of age in comparison with the weaning at 9 weeks of age on hormone concentrations in peripheral blood plasma of 5-, 9-, 12-, and 16-week-old lambs of both sexes was investigated. The cortisol concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in control and early weaned female lambs than in male lambs at investigated stages. Weaning at 5 weeks of age resulted in the lover (P<0.05) cortisol secretion in male lambs in contrast to the greater (P<0.05) cortisol secretion in female lambs at 16 weeks of age. Weaning at 5 weeks of age stimulated (P<0.001) the FSH secretion, but reduced (P<0.001) the LH, GH and T4 secretion in 16-week-old male lambs. In female lambs early weaning inhibited (P<0.05) the FSH secretion at 9 weeks of age, LH secretion after 9 weeks of age and GH secretion after 12 weeks of age. Thus, early weaning results in the sexually dimorphic stress reaction that is more potent and long-lasting in female in contrast to male lambs. This maternal deprivation stress contributes to the inhibition of LH and GH secretion in lambs of both sexes and T4 secretion in male lambs during the postnatal transition to puberty.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2015, 18, 1
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania podejmowania ryzyka na przykładzie systemu zaopatrzenia w wodę
Risk-raking conditioning exemplified with a water supply system
Autorzy:
Rak, J.
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/236520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:
analiza ryzyka
system zaopatrzenia w wodę
risk analysis
water supply system
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe zasady związane z uwarunkowaniami podejmowania ryzyka na przykładzie systemu zaopatrzenia w wodę. Podano rożne sposoby reakcji człowieka w obliczu sytuacji ryzykownej. Zaprezentowano trzy obszary okoliczności i przyczyn powstawania zagrożenia w układzie: technika-człowiek-środowisko i wyznaczono prawdopodobieństwa zajścia zdarzeń awaryjnych w systemie zaopatrzenia w wodę. Omówiono istotę monitoringu związanego z zapewnieniem odpowiedniego poziomu bezpieczeństwa tego systemu. Podano także ilościową ocenę ryzyka związanego z funkcjonowaniem systemu zaopatrzenia w wodę metodą wskaźnikową. Przedstawiono pięciostopniową kategoryzację ryzyka (zaniedbywane, tolerowane, kontrolowane, nietolerowane, nieakceptowane) w miejsce powszechnie stosowanej skali trójstopniowej, która umożliwia bardziej precyzyjną identyfikację i ocenę ryzyka związanego z funkcjonowaniem systemu zaopatrzenia w wodę.
A water supply system has been used to exemplify the principles and practice of risk-taking conditioning. A variety of human responses to risk-involving circumstances are discussed. Three areas of risk-related threats in the Technology-Man-Environment system are presented, and the probability that failure events may occur in the water supply system is established. Described are the principles of monitoring which determines the safety of the water supply system. Risks associated with the operational safety of the water supply system are assessed quantitatively by the tracer method. The widely used three-grade risk-related categorization has been replaced by a five-grade one (negligible, tolerable, controlled, unacceptable, inadmissible), which enables a more precise identification and assessment of the operational risk involved.
Źródło:
Ochrona Środowiska; 2006, R. 28, nr 2, 2; 57-60
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Matrix recording of assembly unit and assembly sequence
Macierzowy zapis jednostki montażowej – ustalenie kolejności montażu
Autorzy:
Suszyński, M
Żurek, J
Cieślak, R
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
matrix
modelling of assembly sequence
assembly sequence
macierz
modelowanie kolejności montażu
kolejność montażu
Opis:
The article is an attempt to analyse matrix recording of the graph to find on assembly sequence. There has been presented the use of matrix of graphs and assembly states to model and find the assembly sequence, there has also been done short comparison of their most essential features. It has been proved, that appropriate matrix representation of the assembly unit, which is the basis of modern computer search algorithms should enable effectively to find a rational sequence of connecting its parts. There have been discussed examples of graph representation using an assembly states matrix and a graph matrix. There have been compared their possibilities in the area of finding assembly sequence leading to shortening time, and as a result limiting its costs.
W pracy przedstawiono próbę analizy macierzowego zapisu grafu do wyznaczania kolejności montażu. Przedstawiono zastosowanie macierzy grafu i stanów montażu do modelowania i ustalania sekwencji montażu. Dokonano również krótkiego porównania najbardziej istotnych ich cech. Wykazano, że odpowiednia macierzowa reprezentacja jednostki montażowej, stanowiąca podstawę współczesnych komputerowych algorytmów przeszukiwania, powinna umożliwiać efektywne ustalenie racjonalnych kolejności łączenia jej części. Omówiono przykłady reprezentacji grafu za pomocą macierzy stanów montażu oraz macierzy grafu. Zestawiono także ich możliwości w zakresie ustalania kolejności montażu, prowadzące do skrócenia czasu i w konsekwencji ograniczające jego koszty.
Źródło:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology; 2013, 37, 2; 71-78
0137-4478
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adam Bartecki (1920-2010) - szkic o życiu i twórczości
Adam Bartecki (1920-2010) - an essay on his life and work
Autorzy:
Cieślak-Golonka, M.
Starosta, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
związki chromu
spektroskopia
widma elektronowe
analiza komputerowa
biografia naukowa
Bartecki Adam
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2011, 65, 7-8; 533-556
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An overview of coal bed methane potential in Polish coal basins
Autorzy:
Cieślak, K.
Hendel, J.
Kuczyński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
Lower Silesian Coal Basin (LSCB)
Lubin Coal Basin (LCB)
RECOPOL
Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB)
coal bed methane (CBM)
Opis:
Coal bed methane (CBM) may become an important source of energy in Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Coal bed methane in Poland occurs within three coal basins of which the best recognized and most promising is the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Approximately 80.1% of proved balance of coal deposits resources in Poland occurs in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, where 50 fields are operated by 28 mines. Thus, since early 90s of the 20th century the USCB is attractive for foreign companies which perform evaluation of coal bed methane obtaining possibility as main fossil. However, all previous attempts to commercial production of CBM did not bring expected results, but they constitute extensive information database for current and future research towards CBM exploitation. Prognostic resources of coal bed methane in USCB are estimated to 107 bln m3. Recoverable balance resources are estimated to 87.6 bln m3. Much smaller perspectives are related to the poorly identified regions of Lublin Coal Basin and Lower Silesian Coal Basin. It is estimated that balance resources of hard coal in LCB, represents approximately 19.2% of Polish hard coal balance resources.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2013, 30, 4; 433-441
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tęcza
Autorzy:
Leśmian, Bolesław
Współwytwórcy:
Styś, Julia
Cieślak, Magdalena
Czabator, Marianna
Kowalska, Dorota
Koziej, Marcin
Kopeć-Gryz, Aleksandra
Niedziałkowska, Marta
Sawicka, Martyna
Data publikacji:
2024-10-02
Wydawca:
Fundacja Wolne Lektury
Tematy:
Modernizm
Dwudziestolecie międzywojenne
Liryka
Wiersz
Opis:
Publikacja zrealizowana w ramach biblioteki Wolne Lektury (wolnelektury.pl). Dofinansowano ze środków Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego pochodzących z Funduszu Promocji Kultury – państwowego funduszu celowego.
Źródło:
Bolesław Leśmian, Łąka, wyd. J. Mortkowicz, Warszawa, 1920
Dostawca treści:
Wolne Lektury
Książka
Tytuł:
People identification based on dynamic determinants of human gait
Autorzy:
Michałowska, M.
Walczak, T.
Grabski, J. K.
Cieślak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/128208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
people identification
human gait
force plate
artificial neural networks
rozpoznawanie osób
chód człowieka
platforma siłowa
sztuczne sieci neuronowe
Opis:
In the paper a way of people identification, based on ground reaction forces during gait, is presented. The authors established that each individual has an unique gait pattern that can be described by quantitative parameters, calculated using measurements coming from the force plates. Fifteen volunteers took part in this study. Each person walked barefoot at least 100 times through 10-m-long walkway with the force plates built in. Determinants were calculated based on vertical and anterior-posterior components of the ground reaction force. The obtained parameters were used as an input matrix of the artificial neural network designed for identification of each person. Effectiveness of the recognition was assessed as root mean square error between expected and obtained output values. It was proved, that human identification based on presented determinants of the gait and artificial neural network is possible at a high level.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2018, 29; 1-6
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Copper and Arsenical Copper During Eneolithic in Metallographic and Mechanical Properties Examination
Autorzy:
Garbacz-Klempka, A.
Kozana, J.
Piękoś, M.
Cieślak, W.
Perek-Nowak, M.
Kowalski, Ł.
Adamczak, K.
Łoś, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nondestructive testing
copper
arsenical copper
archaeometallurgy
casting
metallographic properties
Eneolith
badania nieniszczące
miedź
archeometalurgia
odlewnictwo
właściwości metalograficzne
epoka miedzi
Opis:
Arsenical copper has been used since 5th millennium cal.BC, later exchanged by application of Cu-Sn alloys in metallurgy. This work presents the results of metallographic and mechanical properties studies performed on two flat axes connected with local Eneolithic societies (4500-3000 cal.BC). The axes are one of the oldest metal artifacts from Polish land. Originally they were made from Cu-As alloy, and their chemical composition was established by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Their microstructure was analysed using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy conducted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The macrostructure analysis (OM) of the axes was performed as well. On the basis of the results, the alloys used in the Eneolithic to cast the axes were reproduced in lab. In order to achieve the characteristics of the alloys, their mechanical properties including ultimate tensile strenght (UTS), hardness (HB), microhardness (HV0,1) and ductility were examined. The solidification process was studied by means of thermal analysis.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 23-28
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Carbohydrates in Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Gielwanowska, I.
Bochenek, A.
Loro, P.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
soluble sugar
monosaccharide
oligosaccharide
carbohydrate
cyclitol
starch
vegetative tissue
Deschampsia antarctica
sugar
Colobanthus quitensis
raffinose
tissue
galactosyl cyclitol
Opis:
Eight to nineteen ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in vegetative tissues of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols, raffinose family oligosaccharides, lichnose family oligosaccharides, kestose family oligosaccharides. The analysed vegetative tissues accumulated from 447 to 139 mg/g d.m. soluble carbohydrates in Colobanthus quitensis, Deschampsia antarctica respectively. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 53.3% in Colobanthus quitensis of the identified soluble carbohydrate component pool. Vegetative tissues accumulated starch in Colobanthus quitensis 20.6 mg/g d.m. and 261.6 mg/g d.m. in Deschampsia antarctica. Anatomical and ultrastructural observations of vegetative part of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschmpsia antarctica revealed the presence of various ergastic materials in intercellular spaces, cell walls and protoplasts. Various parts of these plants contain insoluble, PAS positive polysaccharides in intercellular spaces and in cell walls. Chloroplasts of analysed tissues contained starch. Less starch was visible in young, growing parts of shoots of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschmpsia antarctica, more starch appears in mature, differentiated parts.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2005, 74, 3
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soluble carbohydrates in cereal [wheat, rye, triticale] seed after storage under accelerated ageing conditions
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Niedzielski, M.
Michalczyk, D J
Luczak, W.
Adomas, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
soluble carbohydrate
carbohydrate
cereal
wheat
rye
triticale
seed
storage
aging
moisture content
Opis:
Germinability and the content of soluble carbohydrates were analysed in cereal seed (winter rye, cv. Warko; spring wheat, cv. Santa; hexaploid winter triticale, cv. Fidelio and cv. Woltario). Seed moisture content (mc) was equilibrated over silica gel to 0.08 g H2O/g dry mass and stored in a desiccator at 20oC for up to 205 weeks or were equilibrated to mc 0.06, 0.08 or 0.10 g H2O/g dm and subjected to artificial aging at 35oC in air-tight laminated aluminium foil packages for 205 weeks. It was shown that the rate of seed aging depended on the species and seed moisture content. The fastest decrease of germinability upon storage was observed in seed with the highest moisture level. Complete germinability loss for winter rye, winter triticale cv. Fidelio, winter triticale cv. Woltario and spring wheat seed with mc 0.10 g H2O/g dm3 occurred after 81, 81, 101 and 133 weeks, respectively. Fructose, glucose, galactose, myo-inositol, sucrose, galactinol, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose were the main soluble carbohydrates found in the seed. The obtained data on the contents of specific sugars and the composition of soluble sugars fraction in seed of rye, wheat and triticale did not corroborate any profound effect of reducing sugars, sucrose and oligosaccharides on seed longevity.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2010, 79, 1; 21-25
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social media literacy among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic - does year of study matter? A nationwide cross-sectional study
Autorzy:
Cieślak, I.
Łuszczki, J.J.
Panczyk, M.
Nowak-Starz, G.
Wawrzuta, D.
Jaworski, M.
Gotlib, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28761644.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2023, 30, 1; 171-176
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morphology and developmental potential of bovine parthenotes after spontaneous activation in vitro
Autorzy:
Lechniak, D
Cieslak, D.
Sosnowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048294.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
blastomere
bovine oocyte
cytogenetic analysis
parthenogenetic activation
morphology
in vitro
fertilization system
blastocyst
oocyte
insemination
morphological evaluation
maturation
embryo production
Opis:
Spontaneous parthenogenetic activation of bovine oocytes in an in vitro maturation and fertilization system (IVM/IVF) is described. Altogether, 1403 follicular oocytes, collected by the aspiration method, were matured in vitro and then cultured without insemination in the same conditions as a group of inseminated oocytes. After 48-72 h of additional culture, 141 oocytes (10%) were found to be spontaneously activated. Morphological evaluation revealed that the number of blastomeres within parthenotes ranged from 2 to 16 cells, with a minority (15.7%) comprising of 9-16 blastomeres. According to a cytogenetic analysis, only 1.2% of the analysed parthenotes consisted of more than 9 cells. Parthenotes may not be distinguished from embryos produced in vitro and spontaneous parthenogenetic activation in an IVM/IVF system indicates suboptimal culture conditions. A group of non-inseminated oocytes should be included in each experiment to serve as a control. Spontaneously activated bovine parthenotes only occasionaly developed beyond the 8-blastomere stage in a common IVM/IVF system. The incidence of parthenotes interferes with the efficiency of in vitro embryo production but it is doubtful whether it lowers the pregnancy rate after transfer of IVF embryos.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Genetics; 1998, 39, 2; 193-198
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entropy Change Calculations for Pure Gd and a Ni-Mn-Cu-Ga Heusler Alloy: Constant Field vs. Constant Temperature Experiment
Autorzy:
Ferenc, J.
Kowalczyk, M.
Wróblewski, R.
Cieślak, G.
Sielicki, K.
Leonowicz, M.
Kulik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
75.30.Sg
65.40.gd
Opis:
The magnetocaloric effect may be assessed indirectly by expressing it as the change in magnetic entropy in varying magnetic field, H, as the function of temperature, T. Magnetization, M=f(T,H), may be experimentally acquired from a series of isothermal measurements with variable field, or from a series of constant field measurements with variable temperature. The accuracy of magnetic entropy calculation depends on the number of series in these experiments. The aim of this work is to determine how little data is sufficient to obtain accurate results of magnetic entropy change calculations, on the basis of real, magnetocaloric materials. Pure gadolinium and a Ni-Mn-Cu-Ga Heusler alloy were studied. For both materials, the magnetic entropy change and relative cooling power were calculated from both experiments, with the decreasing number of experimental data. For both materials, the constant field experiment with only 6 field values provided only a 5% error of calculations, as compared to the experiment with 100 field values. The Arrott plots were also drawn for constant field mode with 6 field values, easily indicating the order of transition. Comparison of the calculation results suggests that the constant field mode magnetization measurement may be more accurate and faster than isothermal mode.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 128, 1; 111-115
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computer Simulation of the Formation of Non-Metallic Precipitates During a Continuous Casting of Steel
Autorzy:
Kalisz, D.
Żak, P. L.
Tokarski, T.
Wzorek, Ł.
Suchy, J. S.
Kiczor, M.
Cieślak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-metallic oxide precipitates
modelling
continuous casting of steel
crystallization
Opis:
The authors own computer software, based on the Ueshima mathematical model with taking into account the back diffusion, determined from the Wołczyński equation, was developed for simulation calculations. The applied calculation procedure allowed to determine the chemical composition of the non-metallic phase in steel deoxidised by means of Mn, Si and Al, at the given cooling rate. The calculation results were confirmed by the analysis of samples taken from the determined areas of the cast ingot. This indicates that the developed computer software can be applied for designing the steel casting process of the strictly determined chemical composition and for obtaining the required non-metallic precipitates.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 335-340
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bóg w utworach lirycznych Juliana Tuwima
God in J. Tuwim’s Poetry
Autorzy:
Cieślak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51758484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
This article is a short presentation of God existance in Julian Tuwim’s works. In the early period of Julian Tuwim literal output, in juveniles and Czyhanie na Boga (Wailing fo r God), Sokrates tańczący (Dancing Socrates), Siódma jesień (Seventh Autumn), Slowa we krwi (Words in Blood), God is shown with a passion and nostalgia. But afterwords its position changed and was usually depicted as Jesus Christ. God became a sinonime of lost love, order, consolation in the article of awe existance, justice which lack of them is visible for Tuwim. God is a creation power and women become deified by him. It is hard to talk about transcendental experience in Tuwim’s poetry. There is no way out to the history, society and culture.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2001, 2; 3-27
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Different effects of soil drought on soluble carbohydrates of developing Lupinus pilosus and Lupinus luteus embryos
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Michalczyk, D.J.
Adomas, B.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
plant physiology
carbohydrate
cyclitol
raffinose family oligosaccharide
soil drought
soil humidity
seed
Lupinus luteus
Juno cultivar
Lupinus pilosus
drought
lupin
embryo
galactosyl cyclitol
Opis:
The aim of this study was to compare the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in embryos of two lupin species: cultivated Lupinus luteus (cv. Juno) and wild L. pilosus, developing on plants grown under normal soil humidity and soil drought. All analysed seeds accumulated soluble carbohydrates, including: monosaccharides, sucrose, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Soil drought caused a nearly two-fold increase of soluble carbohydrate contents in both species. L. pilosus embryos however, responded to water deficiency by increasing the accumulation of cyclitols and galactosyl cyclitols, whereas L. luteus embryos enhanced accumulation of cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2007, 76, 2
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of the Microstructural Evolution on the Corrosion Resistance of Cold Drawn Copper Single Crystals in NaCl
Autorzy:
Koralnik, M.
Dobkowska, A.
Adamczyk-Cieslak, B.
Mizera, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353064.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
copper single crystal
microstructure evolution
texture evolution
impedance spectroscopy
potentiodynamic polarization
open circuit potential
Opis:
The aim of the present work was to determine the influence of the microstructural evolution of copper single crystals with the initial orientations of <001> and <111> after cold drawing on their corrosion resistance. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscattering diffraction were used to characterize the microstructural changes. To evaluate the corrosion resistance after deformation, open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization analyses were conducted. The microstructural observations showed the presence of dislocation cell structures and shear bands indeformed sample with initial orientation <001> single crystal, as well as a strongly-developed substructure in sample <111>. The material with initial orientation of <001> was more resistive in analyzed medium than material with the initial orientation of <111>.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 55-64
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zgrupowania biegaczowatych [Col., Carabidae] w produkcyjnym cyklu drzewostanow borow swiezych i borow mieszanych swiezych
Autorzy:
Sklodowski, J.W.
Cieslak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/823182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
struktura ekologiczna
sklad gatunkowy
lesnictwo
bioindykacja
bor mieszany swiezy
liczebnosc
struktura troficzna
drzewostany
owady
wskaznik SCP
bor swiezy
biegaczowate
Carabidae
srednia biomasa osobnicza
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2001, 145, 03; 53-80
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie metody Ǻngströma do szacowania dyfuzyjności cieplnej wsadu w układzie nagrzewania indukcyjnego
Utilisation of Ǻngström method for estimating a thermal diffusivity of charge in induction heating setup
Autorzy:
Cieślak, A.
Zgraja, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
dyfuzyjność cieplna
właściwości materiałowe
nagrzewanie indukcyjne
thermal diffusivity
material properties
induction heating
Opis:
Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy było poszukiwanie metody szacowania dyfuzyjności cieplnej wsadu nagrzewanego indukcyjnie. Przedstawiono próbę wykorzystania metody ÅNGSTRÖMA w układzie, w którym wymuszenie generowano metodą indukcyjną. Analiza objęła zagadnienie wrażliwości badanej metody na wybrane parametry układu. Zaprezentowane wyniki pokazują, że przy zachowaniu odpowiednich wymiarów geometrycznych próbki oraz odpowiednio rozmieszczonych punktów pomiarowym możliwe jest uzyskanie wyników szacowania dyfuzyjności cieplnej z poziomem błędu poniżej 50%.
Main aim of this article is to find method for determination thermal diffusivity of induction heated charge. Unique try of utilisation ÅNGSTRÖM’s method and it’s sensitivity on various parameters of setup was presented. Summary allows to say that with respect to shown precautions it is possible to achieve results on satisfactory level of accuracy.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2015, 2; 35-38
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenia i ryzyko w systemie zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę
Threats and risks in water supply system
Autorzy:
Rak, J. R.
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Pietrucha, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/401221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
system zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę
zagrożenie
ryzyko
wskaźnik odporności systemu
indicator of system's
risk
threats
water supply systems
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono współczesne zagrożenia związane z funkcjonowaniem systemów zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę na tle osiągnięć naukowych bezpieczeństwa systemów technicznych. Dokonano syntezy krajowych badań naukowych w zakresie scenariuszy ryzyka awarii SZZW. Zaproponowano definicję wskaźnika odporności systemu na zagrożenia zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne. Zarządzanie ryzykiem, w porównaniu z barierami ochrony systemu przed zagrożeniami, to podstawowy warunek ciągłości funkcjonowania systemu. Wskazano kierunki badań systemowych związanych z bezpieczeństwem.
The paper presents contemporary threats related to the functioning of collective water supply systems against the background of scientific achievements related to safety of technical systems. A synthesis of domestic research on risk scenarios in case of fault in WSS, has been made. A definition of the indicator of system's resistance to external and internal threats, has been proposed. Risk management, in conjunction with barriers to protect the system against threats, is a basic condition for the continuity of the system's functioning. Directions of research related to the security of the systems were indicated.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2011, 26; 37-47
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy wdrażania planów bezpieczeństwa wodnego w małych systemach zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę
Water safety plans implementation problems in small water supply system
Autorzy:
Boryczko, K.
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Rak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/399977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
mały system zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę
plany bezpieczeństwa wodnego
small water supply system
water safety plans
Opis:
Celem Planów Bezpieczeństwa Wodnego (PBW, ang. Water Safety Plans) jest zapewnienie konsumentów wody, że spożywana przez nich woda jest bezpieczna dla ich zdrowia i życia. W pracy przedstawiono problemy wdrażania PBW w małych systemach zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę (MSSZW) pod kątem utraty bezpieczeństwa konsumentów wody. Zakres pracy obejmuje charakterystykę specyfiki PBW dla MSZZW, propozycję metody oceny i analizy ryzyka oraz propozycję ankiety dla operatorów systemów.
Water Safety Plans aim is to assure water consumers that water their drink is safe for their health and life. In this paper operational conditionings of Water Safety Plans implementation in small water supply system in relation to consumer safety loss, have been presented. The specific characteristic of PBW for small water supply system, suggested method of risk assessment and suggested questionnaire for operators, have been presented.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2011, 26; 83-94
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Występowanie drobnoustrojów chorobotwórczych w mrożonych owocach i warzywach
Presence of pathogenic micro-organisms in frozen fruit and vegetables
Autorzy:
Maleszewski, J.
Bachryj, F.
Borowiak, M.
Chybowska, J.
Cieslak, E.
Czarnowska, W.
Dziurowicz, Z.
Frasunkiewicz, B.
Gorecka, E.
Juchnowicz, I.
Krzeminska, B.
Krzemionka, R.
Lewicka, J.
Lukawska, Z.
Maciaszek, A.
Stelmach, W.
Zerger, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/874499.pdf
Data publikacji:
1976
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
owoce mrozone
warzywa mrozone
drobnoustroje
wystepowanie
oznaczanie
oznaczanie zawartosci
badania mikrobiologiczne
zanieczyszczenia zywnosci
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1976, 27, 1
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physiological-biochemical parameters and characteristics of seed coat structure in lupin seeds subjected to long storage at different temperatures
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Michalczyk, D J
Gorska, K
Bulinska-Radomska, Z.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
physiological parameter
biochemical parameter
seed coat
coat structure
lupin
seed
long storage
storage
storability
protein
soluble carbohydrate
seed surface
different temperature
temperature
Opis:
Seed vigour, viability, the contents of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, albumins, and globulins, as well as seed coat structure, were analysed in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) cv. Iryd seeds stored for 20 years at -14oC, 0oC or at room temperature (approx. +20oC). Seed storage at room temperature reduced viability (to 2%) and increased seed leachate electroconductivity. Determinations of total proteins showed that protein content was significantly reduced in seeds stored at +20oC compared to the other storage regimens. Raffinose family oligosaccharides were the main soluble carbohydrates in seeds stored at 0oC and -14oC, whereas sucrose dominated in seeds stored at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of seed surface and seed coat sections revealed appearance of an amorphic layer on the surface of seeds stored at room temperature (not observed in other seeds) and distinct shrinking of macrosclereid layer in seeds stored at -14oC. Macrosclereids layer in all seeds was 100 um thick and accounted for 60% of seed coat thickness. The obtained results suggest that for long term storage of lupin seeds at 0oC is the most advisable temperature if both costs of storage and seed storability are considered.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2008, 77, 3; 201-205
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zawartość cyjanowodoru w kompotach z owoców pestkowych i w winach
Hydrogen cyanide content in compotes from stone fruits and in wines
Autorzy:
Karkocha, I.
Aleksandrowicz, M.
Biskupek, H.
Boba, M.
Cierenkiewicz, N.
Cieslak, E.
Cywinska, M.
Dominiak, I.
Gawrys, J.
Grzesiakowa, J.
Hempel, B.
Kmiecik, J.
Kolakowska, R.
Kula, H.
Lisowska, W.
Mazurkiewicz, K.
Micula, I.
Mieczkowska, K.
Nierzewski, A.
Palonka, L.
Stanilewicz, K.
Stankiewicz, J.
Tokarzewska, M.
Zacharko, K.
Zaleska, K.
Zyszczynska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/876752.pdf
Data publikacji:
1973
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
owoce pestkowe
wina
kompoty
zawartosc cyjanowodoru
badania naukowe
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1973, 24, 5
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An analysis of crystallographic texture and residual stresses of aluminium alloy RSA-501 after selected processes of twist extrusion (TE)
Autorzy:
Byczkowska, P.
Sawicki, J.
Adamczyk-Cieślak, B.
Januszewicz, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
severe plastic deformation
twist extrusion
aluminium
FEM
crystallographic texture
stress
hardness
odkształcenie plastyczne
wyciskanie skrętne
tekstura krystalograficzna
naprężenie
twardość
Opis:
Purpose: This study presents the residual stress analysis for the twist extrusion (TE) process after the experiment and numerical simulation and the analysis of the crystallographic texture changes and changes in hardness before and after the TE process for an RSA-501 aluminium alloy (Al; Mg5%; Mn1.5%; Sc0.8%; Zr0.4%). Design/methodology/approach: Crystallographic textures were obtained with the PANAlytical Empyrean X-ray diffractometer. The stresses were measured by applying the X-ray method with the use of using the PROTO iXRD diffractometer. Findings: The use of severe plastic deformation processes in the mass of the material leads to a significant change difference in the stress distribution in the workpiece and a change in texture compared to the reference material. The stress distribution in the sample cross-section and stress values varied and depended on the stage of the twisting process to which the surface was subjected. The highest stress (about 600 MPa) appears at the peaks of the front surface when exiting the twist area die TE. Higher stress values at the edges of the specimen are caused by friction (deformation) of the material against the die surface. The TE process strengthened – the highest crystallographic texture background level was 49%. Practical implications: The conducted tests and the obtained results allow the determination of the process parameters and critical areas of the sample by carrying out a numerical simulation. Originality/value: Microhardness increases due to the TE process and the largest values were observed at the edges. This phenomenon is confirmed by the numerical simulation results presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering; 2022, 118, 1; 5--28
1897-2764
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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