Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

5G technologies in intelligent transport systems - architectures, virtualization and network slicing

Autorzy:

Gajewski, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/393393.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Polskie Stowarzyszenie Telematyki Transportu

Tematy:

5G
network slicing
ITS
5G architecture
krojenie sieci
architektura 5G

Opis:

In the paper, 5G communication technologies implemented for Intelligent Transport Systems are discussed. Firstly, the essence of the 5G system concept is presented, and the problem of network functions virtualization (NFV) is analyzed. Moreover, the principle of virtualization is explained. Secondly, the analysis of network slicing is performed, from the point of view of transport systems implementation in the future 5G networks. The important part is the analysis of architecture proposals for the 5G communications system, implemented as ITS, for various scenarios of its work. The aim of this paper is the study on practice architecture of the 5G communication network for the ITS system, introduced as physical radio-informatics system implementation.

Źródło:

Archives of Transport System Telematics; 2019, 12, 1; 9-16
1899-8208

Pojawia się w:

Archives of Transport System Telematics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:

Instytut Łączności wobec wyzwań związanych z wdrażaniem sieci 5G w Polsce
The National Institute of Telecommunications in the face of challenges for the implementation of 5G networks in Poland

Autorzy:

Krawiec, P.
Mongay Batalla, J.
Gajewski, M.
Sienkiewicz, K.
Wiśniewski, P.
Latoszek, W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/317352.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
eMBB
sieci mobilne
wdrożenie 5G
5G deployment
mobile networks

Opis:

W artykule zaprezentowano korzyści gospodarcze płynące z wdrożenia nowej generacji sieci mobilnych, tzw. sieci 5G, oraz omówiono wynikające z nich efekty społeczne, w tym spodziewany wpływ na rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego. Następnie przedstawiono wyzwania związane z wdrażaniem 5G w Polsce. W głównej mierze wynikają one z obecności barier o charakterze technicznym, ekonomicznym i prawnym, które mogą spowolnić proces wdrażania 5G w Polsce. W artykule przedstawiono również inicjatywy mające na celu identyfikację barier wdrażania sieci 5G oraz potencjalne sposoby ich likwidacji. W tym kontekście przedstawiono działania Instytutu Łączności na rzecz wdrażania 5G w Polsce, w tym poprzez organizację prac w kierowanym przez Ministra Cyfryzacji Porozumieniu na rzecz Strategii „5G dla Polski” oraz uczestnictwo w projekcie 5G@PL realizowanym w ramach strategicznego programu badań naukowych i prac rozwojowych „Społeczny i gospodarczy rozwój Polski w warunkach globalizujących się rynków – Gospostrateg”.
This paper discusses the economic benefits experienced by implementation of new, the 5th generation of mobile network (5G), and associated social effects, including the expected impact of the 5G on the information society. In the light of the expected development of 5G system, the authors present challenges related to implementation of 5G in Poland. The challenges mainly derive from social, economic and legal barriers that have a negative impact on effective implementation of 5G in Poland. The article presents also initiatives for identifying and removing these barriers. In this context, the paper presents activities of the National Institute of Telecommunications (NIT) for the implementation of 5G in Poland, including the Agreement on the „5G for Poland” Strategy that is led by the Ministry of Digital Affairs and the work performed within the agreement is directed by NIT. Moreover, NIT participates in 5G@PL project under the strategic program of scientific research and development „Social and economic development of Poland in the context of globalization – Gospostrateg”.

Źródło:

Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne; 2018, 1-2; 38-52
1640-1549
1899-8933

Pojawia się w:

Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:

Sieć 5G w perspektywie polskich zmian normatywnych
The 5G Network in the Perspective of Polish Normative Changes
Сеть 5G с точки зрения польских нормативных изменений

Autorzy:

Tomaszewska, Paula
Fila, Krzysztof

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930221.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-03-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

5G in Poland
5G technology
Huawei
technological competition
legal changes
5G в Польше
технология 5G
технологическая конкуренция
правовые изменения

Opis:

The article aims to diagnose the potential for introducing 5G in Poland and to review the legal changes that affect the dynamics of the Polish telecommunications market. The authors will try to answer the following questions: how is Poland responding to the USChinese competition for primacy over 5G technology? What is the technological dilemma of Poland’s security? What legal assumptions does Poland intend to adopt in relation to 5G technology? Does the Polish side demonstrate discriminatory actions against any leader in the field of 5G technology development? One of the conclusions of the article is the statement that 5G technology will require not only technical or business changes, but above all systemic and legal changes in the Polish social reality will be necessary. In the course of the research precedings the method of critical content analysis was chosen - in the area of political science research, as well as the formal and dogmatic method to penetrate the plane of the binding law. Hence, the combination of the two indicated methods should result in a multifaceted argument covering two research fields indicated in the title.
Статья направлена на диагностику потенциала внедрения 5G в Польше и обзор законодательных изменений, которые влияют на динамику польского телекоммуникационного рынка. Авторы пытаются ответить на следующие вопросы: как Польша реагирует на американо-китайское соревнование за первенство над технологией 5G? В чем состоит технологическая дилемма безопасности Польши? Какие правовые предписания Польша намеревается принять в отношении технологии 5G? Проявляет ли польская сторона дискриминационные действия в отношении лидера в развитии технологии 5G? Одним из выводов статьи является утверждение, что технология 5G будет нуждаться не только в технических или бизнес-изменениях, но, прежде всего, будут необходимы системные и правовые изменения в польской социальной действительности. В ходе исследования был использован метод критического контент-анализа - в области политологических исследований, а также формальный и догматический метод проникновения в плоскость обязательного права. Сочетание этих двух методов дает возможность многостороннего аргументирования, охватывающего две области исследования, указанные в заголовке.

Źródło:

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2021, 1(28); 149-168
2084-3291

Pojawia się w:

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:

Towards 5G — Cloud-based Radio Access Networks
W kierunku 5G — sieci dostępu radiowego w chmurze

Autorzy:

Gajewski, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/222586.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich

Tematy:

5G
phantom-cells
LTE-A
Cloud-RAN
virtual cells
komórki wirtualne
sieć dostępowa w chmurze

Opis:

In the paper a general concept of the 5G network architecture is presented as well as system requirements having impact on innovative solutions in the 5G network are highlighted. A major part of the paper is both presentation and discussion of the problem of Cloud Radio Access Network introduction for public networks in which the cell and resource virtualisation will be implemented. On the other hand, the problem of resource virtualization in the STRUGA system is discussed in which the C-RAN implementation is proposed for performance improvement.
W artykule omówiono ogólną architekturę sieci 5G oraz wymagania systemowe mające wpływ na stosowane w niej innowacyjne rozwiązania. Główną część stanowi prezentacja problematyki wdrażania sieci C-RAN w publicznych sieciach komórkowych, w których zostaną zaimplementowane metody wirtualizacji komórek oraz zasobów fizycznych. Przeanalizowano także problem wirtualizacji zasobów w systemie STRUGA, dla którego zaproponowano implementację sieci C-RAN w celu zwiększenia wydajności systemu.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2017, R. 58 nr 3 (210), 3 (210); 33-41
0860-889X

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:

Naval use cases of 5G technology

Autorzy:

Zmysłowski, D.
Skokowski, P.
Malon, K.
Maślanka, K.
Kelner, J. M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201483.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny

Tematy:

wireless communications
military communications
5G
technological gaps
naval use cases
naval task force
coastal or harbour communications
amphibious communications

Opis:

Fifth-generation (5G) technology is currently developing in mobile networks. The civilian 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard is the basis for this implementation. Higher throughput, network capacity, user density, and lower latency are the main advantages offered by 5G over Long Term Evolution (LTE) and older standards. For this reason, these advantages are increasingly recognized in critical mission and military solutions. However, the 5G technology utilization in military equipment requires a deep analysis of the 3GPP standard, especially regarding technological gaps, security, and use cases. This is particularly important in using communication equipment during armed conflicts. Such equipment must be characterized by greater security and reliability than civilian equipment. Currently, work and analyses in this area are realized by the European Defence Agency (EDA), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Communications and Information Agency (NCIA), Allied Command Transformation (ACT), and NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO). In the Information Systems Technology (IST) Panel of the NATO STO, the research task group (RTG) "IST-187-RTG on 5G Technologies Application to NATO Operations" is working on this topic. This paper presents exemplary 5G use cases in the navy. We indicate potential advantages, problems, and technological gaps that should be solved before implementing 5G technology in naval systems.

Źródło:

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 3; 595--603
2083-6473
2083-6481

Pojawia się w:

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:

Prospects and QoS Requirements in 5G Networks

Autorzy:

Tikhvinskiy, V.
Bochechka, G.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307648.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
M2M
QoS
video services
virtualization

Opis:

In this article the requirements to some number of KPI that determine the quality of service (QoS) in 5G networks are formulated. The proposed QoS requirements are based on the analysis of functional requirements to 5G networks and traffic parameters for HD video and massive M2M services, which will be highly demanded in 2020. One of the 5G development paradigms is the network function virtualization (NFV) including cloud radio access and cloud core networks. The authors have proposed the concept of function blocks CQMF and CQCF to control and monitor QoS, which are implemented as part of the 5G network cloud infrastructure.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2015, 1; 23-26
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:

Sieć komórkowa 5G w wyścigu o dominację

Autorzy:

Kramarski, Ireneusz.

Powiązania:

Raport. Wojsko - Technika - Obronność 2019, nr 12, s. 4-14

Data publikacji:

2019

Tematy:

Bezpieczeństwo informacji
Systemy łączności i transmisji informacji
Sieć cyfrowa z integracją usług
Transmisja danych
Telefonia komórkowa
Internet
5G (technologia mobilna)
Artykuł z czasopisma fachowego
Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

/5

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:

Selected aspects of non-orthogonal multiple access for future wireless communications – for IoT

Autorzy:

Wysocki, Tadeusz A.
Flizikowski, Adam
Marciniak, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016292.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydawnictwo PB

Tematy:

IoT networks
NOMA
5G

Opis:

This paper has provided an overview of selected IoT architectures, relevant requirements towards 5G (and beyond) systems as well as indication of NOMA techniques suitability as a multiple access technique and recent developments in the area of radio interface for IoT coexisting with 5G (and beyond) mobile networks. The authors assume that IoT networks in the future will be augmented with NOMA-capable sink-nodes (proxy or gateway) that can deliver aggregated data from multiple sensors for delivery to the cloud or other server. The main aim of this paper is to go beyond state of the art available nowadays and indicate directions for NOMA that make it even more attractive in combination with edge computing, cloud-RAN and especially AI/ML to improve future 6G networks.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Telekomunikacja i Elektronika / Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy; 2020, 24; 45-65
1899-0088

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Telekomunikacja i Elektronika / Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:

Towards 5G - Cloud-based Radio Access Networks

Autorzy:

Gajewski, Sławomir (telekomunikacja).

Powiązania:

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte 2017, nr 3, s. 33-41

Data publikacji:

2017

Tematy:

Przetwarzanie w chmurze
Telefonia komórkowa
Postęp techniczny
Artykuł problemowy
Artykuł z czasopisma naukowego
Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego

Opis:

Rysunki.
Bibliografia na stronach 40-41.

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

/5

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Przewodnik technologiczny średniego remontu urządzenia 5G98

Data publikacji:

1985

Wydawca:

Warszawa : DWOPK

Tematy:

Sprzęt uzbrojenia i elektroniki remont poradnik technologiczny 1985 r. regulaminy i instrukcje

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

/5

Książka

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

5G New Business Opportunities – New Business Models, Pricing, and Use Cases

Autorzy:

McCarthy-Ward, Peter
Valdar, Andy
Newstead, Stuart
Revell, Stuart

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839464.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G services
business challenges
infrastructure

Opis:

This paper addresses how network operators may gain a reasonable return on their investment into 5G infrastructure. It first considers the 5G mobile network costs structure then applies this to three typical use cases.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 79-84
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

Energy Efficiency in 5G Communications – Conventional to Machine Learning Approaches

Autorzy:

Shahid, Muhammad Khalil
Debretsion, Filmon
Eyob, Aman
Ahmed, Irfan
Faisal, Tarig

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839308.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
energy efficiency
wireless networks

Opis:

Demand for wireless and mobile data is increasing along with development of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (ER) applications. In order to handle ultra-high data exchange rates while offering low latency levels, fifth generation (5G) networks have been proposed. Energy efficiency is one of the key objectives of 5G networks. The notion is defined as the ratio of throughput and total power consumption, and is measured using the number of transmission bits per Joule. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art techniques ensuring good energy efficiency in 5G wireless networks. We cover the base-station on/off technique, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, small cells, coexistence of long term evolution (LTE) and 5G, signal processing algorithms, and the latest machine learning techniques. Finally, a comparison of a few recent research papers focusing on energy-efficient hybrid beamforming designs in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is presented. Results show that machine learningbased designs may replace best performing conventional techniques thanks to a reduced complexity machine learning encoder.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2020, 4; 1-9
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

MIMO Beam Selection in 5G Using Neural Networks

Autorzy:

Ruseckas, Julius
Molis, Gediminas
Bogucka, Hanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055220.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G
context information
MIMO beam orientation
machine learning
neural networks

Opis:

In this paper, we consider cell-discovery problem in 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems using multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) beam-forming technique. Specifically, we aim at the proper beam selection method using context-awareness of the user-equipment to reduce latency in beam/cell identification. Due to high path-loss in mmWave systems, beam-forming technique is extensively used to increase Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). When seeking to increase user discovery distance, narrow beam must be formed. Thus, a number of possible beam orientations and consequently time needed for the discovery increases significantly when random scanning approach is used. The idea presented here is to reduce latency by employing artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) algorithms to guess the best beam orientation using context information from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), lidars and cameras, and use the knowledge to swiftly initiate communication with the base station. To this end, here, we propose a simple neural network to predict beam orientation from GNSS and lidar data. Results show that using only GNSS data one can get acceptable performance for practical applications. This finding can be useful for user devices with limited processing power.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 4; 693--698
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

Centralized Spectrum Sharing and Coordination Between Terrestrial and Aerial Base Stations of 3GPP-Based 5G Networks

Autorzy:

Bechta, Kamil

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844695.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G
spectrum sharing
unmanned aerial vehicle

Opis:

The objective of this paper is to estimate performance of a new approach for spectrum sharing and coordination between terrestrial base stations (BS) and On-board radio access nodes (UxNB) carried by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). This approach employs an artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithm implemented in a centralized controller. According to the assessment based on the latest specifications of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) the newly defined Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM) is feasible to implement and utilize an algorithm for dynamic and efficient distribution of available radio resources between all radio nodes involved in process of optimization. An example of proprietary algorithm has been described, which is based on the principles of Kohonen neural networks. The algorithm has been used in simulation scenario to illustrate the performance of the novel approach of centralized radio channels allocation between terrestrial BSs and UxNBs deployed in 3GPP-defined rural macro (RMa) environment. Simulation results indicate that at least 85% of simulated downlink (DL) transmissions are gaining additional channel bandwidth if presented algorithm is used for spectrum distribution between terrestrial BSs and UxNBs instead of baseline soft frequency re-use (SFR) approach.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 2; 301-308
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

Szybciej i efektywniej : sieci 5G w zastosowaniach militarnych

Autorzy:

Dąbrowski, Marek.

Powiązania:

Nowa Technika Wojskowa 2021, nr 3, s. 46-51

Data publikacji:

2021

Tematy:

Systemy łączności i transmisji informacji
Sieci szerokopasmowe
Telefonia komórkowa
5G (technologia mobilna)
Działania (wojsk.)
Zastosowanie i wykorzystanie
Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego
Artykuł z czasopisma fachowego

Opis:

Artykuł dotyczy wykorzystania sieci 5G w zastosowaniach militarnych. Autor przedstawia szereg zalet wprowadzenia tej sieci do sił zbrojnych. Są to m.in. przekazywanie dużej ilości danych w czasie rzeczywistym, znaczne zwiększenie szybkości systemów przekazujących dane, łączenie sieci lokalnych w jeden system, skuteczne zwalczanie broni hipersonicznej, treningi personelu wojskowego w wirtualnej rzeczywistości oraz wsparcie eksploatacji robotów. Autor przybliża parametry techniczne oraz cechy szczególne tej sieci. Przedstawia także prognozy dotyczące dalszego rozwoju sieci 5G oraz jej dostosowania do wymagań sił zbrojnych.

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

Per Sub-band Tone Reservation Scheme for Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier Signal

Autorzy:

Mounira, Laabidi
Ridha, Bouallegue

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311943.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

UFMC
PAPR
PSTR
Fifth generation (5G)

Opis:

Fifth generation (5G) applications like Internet of Things (IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Cognitive Radios (CR), Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Machine to Machine (M2M) communication put new demands on the network in terms of low latency, ultra-reliable communication and efficiency when transmitting very small bursts. One new contender that makes its appearance recently is the Universal Filtered Multi- Carrier (UFMC). UFMC is a potential candidate to meet the requirements of 5G upcoming applications. This related waveform encounters the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) issue arising from the usage of multi-carrier transmission. In this investigation, two PAPR reduction techniques, called Per Subband Tone Reservation (PSTR) scheme to alleviate PAPR in UFMC systems are suggested. The first one is a pre-filtering PSTR scheme that uses the least squares approximation (LSA) algorithm to calculate the optimization factor(μ) and the second one is a post-filtering method. The concept of this proposal lies on the use of peaks reductions Tone to carry the correctional signal that reduces the high peaks of each sub-band individually. To shed light on UFMC as a potential waveform for 5G upcoming application, a comparison with OFDM modulation is done.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 545--552
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:

The importance of 5G networks for railway transport development

Autorzy:

Załoga, Elżbieta
Stępień, Grzegorz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819181.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz

Tematy:

railway transport
digitalisation
5G network
service
passengers
accessibility

Opis:

Digitisation of transport is a tool for achieving the European Union’s political goals included in the Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe. For rail transport, digital innovation is required to increase its competitiveness. One of the tools of the digital transformation of railways is 5G networks, the fifth generation of wireless communication systems. The purpose of this article is to present the benefits of implementing 5G network for railway operators. Focus was placed on its innovative features, such as ultra-fast access to Internet services, very high connection reliability, and extremely low data transmission delays. Examples of new services for railway operators based on the capabilities of 5G networks were presented. This article describes the unique functions of the 5G network in which resources can be flexibly allocated depending on current traffic needs thanks to the network slicing function, e.g., for services of key importance to rail traffic and commercial services for other market segments. Roadmap proposals for transforming the current rail communication network infrastructure towards the target FRMCS system are presented. The analysis was based on source materials from Nokia Corporation, available literature, EU documents and regulations, as well as institutional studies of the railway sector.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2020, 63 (135); 29-35
1733-8670
2392-0378

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:

Security Verification in the Context of 5G Sensor Networks

Autorzy:

Remlein, Piotr
Stachowiak, Urszula

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839340.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
automated symbolic analysis
Internet of Things
security protocols
sensor networks

Opis:

In order to develop reliable safety standards for 5G sensor networks (SN) and the Internet of Things, appropriate verification tools are needed, including those offering the ability to perform automated symbolic analysis process. The Tamarin prover is one of such software-based solutions. It allows to formally prove security protocols. This paper shows the modus operandi of the tool in question. Its application has been illustrated using an example of an exchange of messages between two agents, with asynchronous encryption. The scheme may be implemented, for instance, in the TLS/DTLS protocol to create a secure cryptographic key exchange mechanism. The aim of the publication is to demonstrate that automated symbolic analysis may be relied upon to model 5G sensor networks security protocols. Also, a use case in which the process of modeling the DTLS 1.2 handshake protocol enriched with the TCP SYN Cookies mechanism, used to preventing DoS attacks, is presented.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 107-119
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:

Poland and the technological rivalry of great powers for leadership in 5G technology

Autorzy:

Tomaszewska, Paula

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120148.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-09-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Polska
5G
rivalry
China
United States
Huawei

Opis:

The subject of the article is to analyze how Poland reacts to the US-Chinese competition for primacy over 5G technology. The importance of 5G systems has acquired a geopolitical dimension. Poland also feels its technological security dilemma. The acceptance by the Polish authorities of Washington’s position on 5G was undoubtedly an element of the negotiations on increasing the size of the American contingent in Poland. There are indications that decisions on how to treat Huawei in our country will be made on the basis of strong allied ties. At one time Poland seemed to be balancing between US pressure and China, but now it has sided decisively on the American side. The question still remains open: will the Polish state be able to fully open itself to the transatlantic allied relationship to benefit from this cooperation?

Źródło:

Reality of Politics; 2022, 21; 122-136
2082-3959

Pojawia się w:

Reality of Politics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:

QoS Requirements as Factor of Trust to 5G Network

Autorzy:

Tikhvinskiy, V.
Bochechka, G.
Gryazev, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307988.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

network performance
network security
QoE
trusted network

Opis:

Trust to modern telecommunications networks plays an important role as a driver of technological and market success of any technology or telecommunication services. Most of the technological approaches to this problem are focused only on network security and do not include such a factor as the quality of service (QoS), which also plays an important role in the formation of trust both from the consumers and the regulator. The future 5G mobile technology will be the engine of development of telecommunications until 2020 and the formation of trust to the 5G networks is one of the main tasks for developers. The authors present the view on the trust to 5G networks in the plane of QoS requirements formation and QoS management. QoS requirements to 5 G networks were determined on the basis of three main business models of services: xMBB, M-MTC and U-MTC and the need to ensure user trust to networks. Infrastructure requirements for QoS control and spectrum management network entities which are based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) principles have been formed.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2016, 1; 3-8
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:

High Gain WAT Antenna for 38 GHz 5G Systems

Autorzy:

Przesmycki, Rafał
Bugaj, Marek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312942.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

microstrip antenna
high gain
5G wireless system

Opis:

The article presents a high gain WAT microstrip antenna designed for 5G communication systems operating in the 38 GHz band. The antenna concerned has a compact structure with dimensions of 5. 16× 5. 05 mm. Rogers RT5880 laminate with a dielectric coefficient of 2. 2 and a thickness of 0. 254 mm was used as its substrate. The antenna works at a center frequency of 38 GHz and is characterized by a low reflection coefficient of – 29 .11 dB, a high energy gain of 7. 61 dB and a wide operating band of 1 .21 GHz (3. 18%). The paper presents an analysis of the simulation results and measurements of the device’s electrical parameters and radiation patterns.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 4; 76--82
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:

Deep Learning-Powered Beamforming for 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Autorzy:

Bendjillali, Ridha Ilyas
Bendelhoum, Mohammed Sofiane
Tadjeddine, Ali Abderrazak
Kamline, Miloud

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312956.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
digital beamforming
hybrid beamforming
massive MIMO
ResNeSt

Opis:

In this study, a ResNeSt-based deep learning approach to beamforming for 5G massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) systems is presented. The ResNeSt-based deep learning method is harnessed to simplify and optimize the beamforming process, consequently improving performance and efficiency of 5G and beyond communication networks. A study of beamforming capabilities has revealed potential to maximize channel capacity while minimizing interference, thus eliminating inherent limitations of the traditional methods. The proposed model shows superior adaptability to dynamic channel conditions and outperforms traditional techniques across various interference scenarios.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 4; 38--45
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

Interference in Multi-beam Antenna System of 5G Network

Autorzy:

Kelner, Jan M.
Ziółkowski, Cezary

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226986.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

systems and networks
interference
multi-elliptical propagation model
multi-beam antenna system
simulation studies
massive MIMO

Opis:

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming are key technologies, which significantly influence on increasing effectiveness of emerging fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, especially mobile-cellular networks. In this case, the increasing effectiveness is understood mainly as the growth of network capacity resulting from better diversification of radio resources due to their spatial multiplexing in macro- and micro-cells. However, using the narrow beams in lieu of the hitherto used cell-sector brings occurring interference between the neighboring beams in the massive-MIMO antenna system, especially, when they utilize the same frequency channel. An analysis of this effect is the aim of this paper. In this case, it is based on simulation studies, where a multi-elliptical propagation model and standard 3GPP model are used. We present the impact of direction and width of the neighboring beams of 5G new radio gNodeB base station equipped with the multi-beam antenna system on the interference level between these beams. The simulations are carried out for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions of a typical urban environment.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 1; 17-23
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

Spline-Extrapolation Method in Traffic Forecasting in 5G Networks

Autorzy:

Strelkovskaya, Irina
Solovskaya, Irina
Makoganiuk, Anastasiya

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309401.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

quality of service
self-similar traffic
spline functions
error of recovery

Opis:

This paper considers the problem of predicting self-similar traffic with a significant number of pulsations and the property of long-term dependence, using various spline functions. The research work focused on the process of modeling self-similar traffic handled in a mobile network. A splineextrapolation method based on various spline functions (linear, cubic and cubic B-splines) is proposed to predict selfsimilar traffic outside the period of time in which packet data transmission occurs. Extrapolation of traffic for short- and long-term forecasts is considered. Comparison of the results of the prediction of self-similar traffic using various spline functions has shown that the accuracy of the forecast can be improved through the use of cubic B-splines. The results allow to conclude that it is advisable to use spline extrapolation in predicting self-similar traffic, thereby recommending this method for use in practice in solving traffic prediction-related problems.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2019, 3; 8-16
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

Political and Economic Contexts of Implementing 5G in Poland and in Selected European Countries

Autorzy:

Soler, Urszula

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839461.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G technology
cybersecurity
economy
Europe
mobile networks
telecommunications

Opis:

The technology race to achieve the position of an economic leader is a phenomenon that has been taking place all over the world. The 5G technology has become a vital component of this race over the recent years. The technical capabilities it offers and the role it may play in the economy have become the subject of political debate and are at the very core of the “war for technology” between two superpowers: China and the United States. The European Union is aware of the fact that the position Europe enjoys on the international arena depends, to a large extent, on how quickly European countries will develop and implement 5G. Are individual European member states capable of seamlessly implementing the assumptions of strategies and plans concerned with the development of 5th generation technologies? Will the security of 5G networks be ensured in Europe? These are just some of the issues that are analyzed in this article with their economic and political context taken into consideration. A broader perspective is presented, with primary focus on the global geopolitical situation and on the conflict between China and the United States. The study was conducted by relying on an in-depth analysis of strategic state documents, reports drawn up by institutions tasked with implementing and monitoring the development of 5G technology, as well as literature on the subject and online resources.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 38-42
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

A CPW-fed Sigma-shaped MIMO Antenna for Ka Band and 5G Communication Applications

Autorzy:

Madhav, B. T. P.
Devi, G. J.
Lakshman, P.
Anilkumar, T.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309564.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
coplanar waveguide
Ka band
MIMO
satellite downlink

Opis:

This article presents a MIMO compact antenna measuring 45×45×1.6 mm, on the FR4 substrate, proposed for Ka band and 5G communication applications. The proposed design is suitable to overcome the issues connected with massive MIMO. It has four-sigma-shaped radiating elements and a c-shaped ground plane with coplanar waveguide feeding. Its compact dimensions suit it for most existing communications systems. The aerial operates in the 21–30 GHz range, which covers Ka and 5G communication bands. The proposed antenna exhibits the average efficiency of more than 76% within its operating band and gives a minimum signal to noise plus interference ratio. The presented antenna covers several services, such as Ka band satellite downlink applications and future 5G communication applications.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2018, 4; 97-106
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

An Overview of Mobility Management Mechanisms and the Related Challenges in 5G Networks and Beyond

Autorzy:

Alkalsh, Mustafa Mohammed Hasan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200735.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

B5G
beam switching
handover
HetNet
mobility management

Opis:

Ensuring a seamless connection with various types of mobile user equipment (UE) items is one of the more significant challenges facing different generations of wireless systems. However, enabling the high-band spectrum – such as the millimeter wave (mmWave) band – is also one of the important factors of 5G networks, as it enables them to deal with increasing demand and ensures high coverage. Therefore, the deployment of new (small) cells with a short range and operating within the mmWave band is required in order to assist the macro cells which are responsible for operating long-range radio connections. The deployment of small cells results in a new network structure, known as heterogeneous networks (HetNets). As a result, the number of passthrough cells using the handover (HO) process will be dramatically increased. Mobility management (MM) in such a massive network will become crucial, especially when it comes to mobile users traveling at very high speeds. Current MM solutions will be ineffective, as they will not be able to provide the required reliability, flexibility, and scalability.Thus, smart algorithms and techniques are required in future networks. Also, machine learning (ML) techniques are perfectly capable of supporting the latest 5G technologies that are expected to deliver high data rates to upcoming use cases and services, such as massive machine type communications (mMTC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (uRLLC). This paper aims to review the MM approaches used in 5G HetNets and describes the deployment of AI mechanisms and techniques in ″connected mode″ MM schemes. Furthermore, this paper addresses the related challenges and suggests potential solutions for 5G networks and beyond.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 2; 53--62
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

“The 5G files” – the movement to combat the introduction of fifth generation telephony – radicalization around one issue or element

Autorzy:

Witkowski, Przemysław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/11207473.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-06-28

Wydawca:

Collegium Civitas

Tematy:

COVID-19
Plandemia
5G
Anti-Enlightenment
Conspiracy Theories

Opis:

The Enlightenment and its values, such as naturalism, rationalism, humanistic and cognitive optimism, faith in progress, criticism, empiricism, sensualism and utilitarianism, are coming under increasing fire from social and political movements. One strand of this attack is anti-science protest movements, for example against vaccination and fifth-generation telephony. This text is an attempt to consider whether anti-5G activity can be considered a politically radicalized movement, and if so, whether it is focused solely on one issue or part of a larger wave. The article shows the roots and content of conspiracy theories related to the fight against 5G, as well as the structure, goals, and activities of the Polish part of this movement.

Źródło:

The Virus of Radicalization; 123-158
9788366386334

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

Propagation and Network Analysis for a Dipole Based Massive Mimo Antenna for 5G Base Stations

Autorzy:

Pushpa, Anita Jones Mary
Chrysolite, Samuelraj

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124749.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G antenna
massive MIMO
dipole array
maximum gain

Opis:

In today’s fast-paced world, where everyone/everything is moving towards an online platform, the need to provide high-speed data to all is inevitable. Hence, introducing the emerging 5G technology with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing integrated with massive MIMO technology is the need of the hour. A 640 port Massive MIMO (m-MIMO) antenna with high evenly spread gain and very low delay, along with a practically possible data rate operating in the mm waveband, is proposed for a 5G base station. The individual antenna element consists of a dipole (λ=0.5cm) designed to operate at 57GHz. Placing the cylindrical MIMO antenna array (8x20) facing the four directions forming the m-MIMO antenna (160x4) at the height of 3m from ground level for simulation. Achievement of a maximum gain of 23.14dBi (θ=90▫) and a minimum data rate of 1.44Gbps with -10dB bandwidth of 2.1GHz (256-QAM) approximately a distance of 478m from the 5G Base station. The m-MIMO structure gives an Envelope Correlation Coefficient of 0.015. The propagation analysis is carried out to substantiate the performance of the proposed system based on field strength and received power. Network Analysis for better reception performance is carried out by changing the antenna height placement, altering the down tilt of the antenna array, and sweeping the polarization angle of the antenna array.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 3; 511--517
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

Observation of WiMAX Radio Parameters to Enhance Spectrum Utilization in Mixed Environment

Autorzy:

Kowalik, K.
Kliks, A.
Musznicki, B
Kołodziejski, M.
Kryszkiewicz, P.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307572.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
bandwidth sharing
spectrum utilization
statistical characteristics
WiMAX

Opis:

It is believed that 5G networks will provide 1000 times more capacity than current solutions. One of the keys to achieve that goal is not only the utilization of additional radio bands, but also and foremost, the dynamic and efficient spectrum sharing. To successfully implement it such feature statistical observation and analysis of currently operational legacy systems are required. Comprehensive data on the signal parameters will allow then to determine and tune the approach to simultaneous bandwidth usage by existing and new systems. Therefore, to define and introduce the problem this paper presents a conceptual analysis of IEEE 802.16e based WiMAX network operating in the 3.6--3.8 GHz band on the eve of spectrum sharing introduction.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2018, 1; 42-50
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

Energy Efficiency Optimization by Spectral Efficiency Maximization in 5G Networks

Autorzy:

Krasniqi, B.
Rexha, B.
Maloku, B.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226636.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

energy efficiency
5G
radio resources
power allocation
optimization convexity

Opis:

Energy and spectral efficiency are the main challenges in 5th generation of mobile cellular networks. In this paper, we propose an optimization algorithm to optimize the energy efficiency by maximizing the spectral efficiency. Our simulation results show a significant increase in terms of spectral efficiency as well as energy efficiency whenever the mobile user is connected to a low power indoor base station. By applying the proposed algorithm, we show the network performance improvements up to 9 bit/s/Hz in spectral efficiency and 20 Gbit/Joule increase in energy efficiency for the mobile user served by the indoor base station rather than by the outdoor base station.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2018, 64, 4; 497-503
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

Legal Aspects of the Supply Chain Cybersecurity in the Context of 5G Technology

Autorzy:

Besiekierska, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158265.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-12-15

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

cybersecurity
supply chain
5G
high-risk suppiers
state security

Opis:

The 5G networks are considered to be crucial for the digital transformation of the economy and society and therefore will be subject to the regulations concerning the supply chain cybersecurity. Numerous European documents point out cyberthreats relating the supply chain and oblige the Member States to introduce laws enabling risks assessment of suppliers, which, in accordance with the EU Toolbox, should cover technical and non-technical factors such as dependence of the supplier from third countries. So far, Poland has not introduced regulations in this respect and provisions on recognition of high-risk suppliers to be implemented in the Act on national cybersecurity system are still in the draft phase. The key criterion for the risk assessment will be a threat to the national security, which is vague and may in the future be difficult for interpretation due to the specifics of the proceedings (limited right to participate in the proceedings, limited access to information). As the effects of the proceedings are far-reaching (the obligation to withdraw the products), they may potentially raise some concerns with regard to the freedom of economic activity. The new cutting-edge technologies such as 5G, as well as the need to ensure cybersecurity along with the on-going political polarization in the world will increase the amount of legal regulations relating to the supply chain cybersecurity.

Źródło:

Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 51, 4; 129-147
2545-384X

Pojawia się w:

Review of European and Comparative Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

The Most Suitable 5G Simulator Scenarios for Lab as a Service (LaaS) in Higher Education

Autorzy:

Putri, Hasanah
Novanana, Sinta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311951.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

5G
software
LaaS
higher education laboratory
real network experience

Opis:

The 5G System is being developed and enhanced to provide unparalleled connectivity to connect everyone and everything, everywhere. 5G technology use cases depicts the prospects of 5G network model to revolutionize Industry and Education is not an exception . To catch up with the latest technology in the higher education environment there’s a need to have 5G Lab as a Service (LaaS) in education to simulate the real network experience. The software is the key to this generation as the virtualization, modularity and abstraction become more popular in the implementation and that the cloud computing is nowadays becoming the trend of technology. This paper presents a software selection between free5gc, magma and open5gs program. The 5G lab located in Jakarta Indonesia has the ability where in physical and virtual resources can be accessed and managed from any location in the world. Free5gc opensource software solution is the most suitable software which can be used as LaaS in Higher Education laboratory. With a LaaS, we can configuration, connection, and troubleshoot 5G infrastructure including radio access networks, core networks, and transportation networks.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 4; 639--644
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Characterization of Propagation Models at 5G Network and Effects of SAR on Human Brain

Autorzy:

Al-Aamri, Nawal
Nadir, Zia
Bait-Suwailam, Mohammed
Al-Lawati, Hassan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074140.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

pathloss
prediction
5G
RMSE
CI model
ABG model
SAR

Opis:

Nowadays, the world is turning into technology, fast internet and high signal quality. To ensure high signal quality, the network planners have to predict the pathloss and signal strength of the transmitted signal at specific distances in the design stage. The aim of this research is to provide a generalized pathloss model to suit the urban area in Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The research covers 5G network pathloss in the Muttrah Business District (MBD) area. It includes Close In (CI) model and Alpha Beta Gamma (ABG) model with 3.45GHz. The results of 5G models were compared with real experimental data in MBD by calculating Root Mean Square Error RMSE. Other cells at MBD area were used for reverification. To validate the modified pathloss models of 5G, they were applied at different cells in Alkhoud area. Furthermore, this paper also deals the effect of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on the human brain for ensuring safety due to close proximity to cell towers. The SAR values were calculated indirectly from the electric field strength of different antennas. Calculated results were compared with the international standards defined limits on the human brain.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 2; 343--349
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

Analysis of C-shape Slotted MSPA for 5G Sub Band Applications on Three Different Substrates

Autorzy:

Nagaraju, P
Sachina, D.H
Khan, Imran
Kumaraswamy, H.V
Sudhindra, K. R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200694.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

C-shape
RT Duroid
Taconic (TLC)
FR4
5G

Opis:

A comparative analysis of a compact planar Square patch Microstrip Multiband antenna on three different substrates is proposed. The proposed design has a C-shaped slot etched on the square radiating part and the antenna is energized using microstrip feed line. RT Duroid (ε r= 2.2), Taconic (ε r= 3.2) and FR4 (ε r= 4.4) substrates are used for simulation analysis. The flow of current is modified by the C-shaped slot making the antenna to resonate at 3/4 and 6 bands for RT Duroid/Taconic and FR4 substrates respectively suitable for 5G sub GHz applications. The antenna has a compact dimension of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm 3 and exhibits a return loss, S11 of less than -10dB for all the resonating frequencies for all three substrates. The analysis has been done by considering the S11 (Return loss <-10 dB), Directivity, Antenna Gain, VSWR and surface current distribution. Table II provides the comparison of parameters for different substrate material.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 4; 715--719
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

Fading Channel Prediction for 5G and 6G Mobile Communication Systems

Autorzy:

Soszka, Maciej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055227.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G
6G
channel prediction
channel state information
sub-6 GHz
millimetre-wave
neural network
artificial intelligence
narrowband
wide band
ultra wide band

Opis:

Nowadays, there is a trend to employ adaptive solutions in mobile communication. The adaptive transmission systems seem to answer the need for highly reliable communication that serves high data rates. For efficient adaptive transmission, the future Channel State Information (CSI) has to be known. The various prediction methods can be applied to estimate the future CSI. However, each method has its bottlenecks. The task is even more challenging while considering the future 5G/6G communication where the employment of sub-6 GHz and millimetre waves (mmWaves) in narrow-band, wide-band and ultra-wide-band transmission is considered. Thus, author describes the differences between sub-6 GHz/mmWave and narrow-band/wide-band/ultra-wide-band channel prediction, provide a comprehensive overview of available prediction methods, discuss its performance and analyse the opportunity to use them in sub-6 GHz and mmWave systems. We select Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as the most promising technique for future CSI prediction and propose optimising two of its parameters - the number of input features, which was not yet considered as an opportunity to improve the performance of CSI prediction, and the number of hidden layers.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 1; 153--160
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Renewable energy electric sources as a support for multilevel cellular communication networks in various environment conditions : case study

Autorzy:

Cuiñas, Iñigo
Znajdek, Katarzyna
Sibiński, Maciej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204161.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich

Tematy:

5G
cellular networks
energy resources
mobile communication
solar energy

Opis:

Cellular mobile communication networks are experiencing an important evolution with the emerging deployment of 5G networks and the successive decline in the use of previous generations in the years to come. In parallel, policies promoting ecological transition are gaining social impact and economic interest and this seems to be the trend in the near future. In the telecommunications market, the shift between two dominant generations could be an important opportunity to introduce renewable energy sources to green the sector, reducing the carbon footprint of the world-wide extended activity. This work analyses the current situation and provides an insight into the possibilities to incorporate renewable energy supplies, specifically photovoltaics (as it seems to be the most promising among clean electric sources), perhaps combined with small wind turbines in off-grid systems. Paper also compares the characteristics of standard facilities in Spain and Poland, two different European countries in terms of weather and insolation hours.

Źródło:

Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 1; art. no. e3145436
1230-3402

Pojawia się w:

Opto-Electronics Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

A Study on Packet Scheduling Algorithms for Healthcare Contents over Fifth Generation (5G) Mobile Cellular Network

Autorzy:

Ramli, Huda Adibah Mohd

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844466.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

packet scheduling
5G
flexible frame structure
transmission reliability
scalable TTI

Opis:

This paper models the downlink Fifth Generation (5G) network that supports a flexible frame structure and a shorter Round-Trip Time (RTT) for Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ). Moreover, the design of the renowned Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) packet scheduling algorithms is revised to allow these algorithms to support packet scheduling in the downlink 5G. Simulation results demonstrate that the Proportional Fair provides a comparable performance to the delay–aware Maximum-Largest Weighted Delay First for simultaneously providing the desired transmission reliability of the Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) and Non-Guaranteed Bit Rate (Non - GBR) healthcare contents whilst maximizing the downlink 5G performance.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 4; 729-735
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

Analysis of Latency-Aware Network Slicing in 5G Packet xHaul Networks

Autorzy:

Klinkowski, Mirosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311921.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

5G
radio access networks
packet-switched xHaul
latency-sensitive network
network slicing
traffic prioritization
network optimization

Opis:

Packet-switched xHaul networks are a scalable solution enabling convergent transport of diverse types of radio data flows, such as fronthaul / midhaul / backhaul (FH / MH / BH) flows, between remote sites and a central site (hub) in 5G radio access networks (RANs). Such networks can be realized using the cost-efficient Ethernet technology, which enhanced with time-sensitive networking (TSN) features allows for prioritized transmission of latency-sensitive fronthaul flows. Provisioning of multiple types of 5G services of different service requirements in a shared network, commonly referred to as network slicing, requires adequate handling of transported data flows in order to satisfy particular service / slice requirements. In this work, we investigate two traffic prioritization policies, namely, flowaware (FA) and latency-aware (LA), in a packet-switched xHaul network supporting slices of different latency requirements. We evaluate the effectiveness of the policies in a networkplanning case study, where virtualized radio processing resources allocated at the processing pool (PP) facilities, for two slices related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) services, are subject to optimization. Using numerical experiments, we analyze PP cost savings from applying the LA policy (vs. FA) in various network scenarios. The savings in active PPs reach up to 40% − 60% in ring scenarios and 30% in a mesh network, whereas the gains in overall PP cost are up to 20% for the cost values assumed in the analysis.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 2; 335--340
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

Design and Analysis of a Low-profile Microstrip Antenna for 5G Applications using AI-based PSO Approach

Autorzy:

Kundu, Krishanu
Bhattacharya, Ankan
Mohammed, Firdous Hussain
Pathak, Narendra Nath

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200747.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G applications
high gain
low profile
microstrip patch antenna
PSO

Opis:

Microstrip antennas are high gain aerials for low-profile wireless applications working with frequencies over 100 MHz. This paper presents a study and design of a low cost slotted-type microstrip patch antenna that can be used in 5G millimeter wave applications. This research focuses on the effect of ground slots and patch slots which, in turn, affect different antenna parameters, such as return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, and axial ratio. The working frequency range varies from 24 to 28 GHz, thus falling within 5G specifications. A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to approximatively solve issues involving maximization and minimization of numerical values, being highly challenging or even impossible to solve in a precise manner. Here, we have designed and analyzed a low-profile printed microstrip antenna for 5G applications using the AI-based PSO approach. The novelty of the research is mainly in the design approach, compactness of size and antenna applicability. The antenna was simulated with the use of HFSS simulation software.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 3; 68--73
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Uwarunkowania ekspozycji ludności na pole elektromagnetyczne związane z użytkowaniem radiokomunikacyjnych sieci w technologii 5G w Polsce
Conditionings of population exposure to electromagnetic fields associated with the rational use of 5G radiocommunication networks in Poland

Autorzy:

Bieńkowski, Paweł
Zmyślony, Marek
Karpowicz, Jolanta
Politański, Piotr
Bortkiewicz, Alicja
Kieliszek, Jarosław
Rydzyński, Konrad

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085819.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-03-30

Wydawca:

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi

Tematy:

zdrowie publiczne
pole elektromagnetyczne
zdrowie środowiskowe
zagrożenia elektromagnetyczne
radiokomunikacja
sieci 5G
public health
electromagnetic fields
environmental health
electromagnetic hazards
radio-communication
5G networks

Opis:

W 2017 r. w Polsce rozpoczęto przygotowania do zapewnienia wszystkim obywatelom dostępu do internetu o prędkości co najmniej 30 Mb/s, a 50% gospodarstw domowych – o prędkości co najmniej 100 Mb/s. Cel ten ma być zrealizowany dzięki m.in. sieci radiokomunikacyjnej standardu piątej generacji (5G). W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z założeniami konstrukcji sieci 5G oraz oszacowano poziom ekspozycji ludności na pola elektromagnetyczne związane z racjonalnym użytkowaniem tych sieci. Przeanalizowano również, czy z technicznego punktu widzenia implementacja sieci 5G może zapewnić dotrzymanie obecnie dopuszczalnego w Polsce poziomu natężenia pola elektrycznego (7 V/m), przy jednoczesnym uwzględnieniu występującego obecnie w środowisku narażenia powodowanego przez anteny stacji bazowych telefonii komórkowej. Jest to przyczynek do trwającej dyskusji nad koniecznością zmiany obowiązujących w Polsce wymagań ograniczających poziom ekspozycji ludności na pola elektromagnetyczne. Analiza teoretyczna ekspozycji środowiska na pole elektromagnetyczne emitowane przez systemy 5G, przeprowadzona na podstawie dostępnej dokumentacji proponowanych standardów technicznych, pokazuje, że przy racjonalnym gospodarowaniu mocą uzyskanie oczekiwanej (zgodnej ze standardami 5G) jakości połączeń za pośrednictwem stacji bazowych zainstalowanych na zewnątrz budynków i wykorzystujących inteligentne systemy antenowe o sterowanych wiązkach będzie można utrzymać natężenie pola elektrycznego i gęstość mocy poniżej aktualnych wartości dopuszczalnych w miejscach dostępnych dla ludności (<7 V/m, <0,1 W/m2).
In 2017, preparations were made in Poland to provide all citizens with access to the Internet at a speed of at least 30 Mb/s, and at a speed of at least 100 Mb/s for 50% of households. This goal is to be realized, among others, by means of the fifth generation (5G) radio-communication networks. This work presents the assumptions of the 5G network structure and estimates of the level of population exposure toelectromagnetic fields related to their rational use. It was also analyzed whether, from the technical point of view, 5G networks could be implemented while respecting the currently acceptable level of electromagnetic field intensity in Poland (7 V/m), taking into account the current environmental exposure caused by antennas of cellular base stations. This is a contribution to the ongoing discussion on the need to change the requirements in Poland in order to limit the level of population exposure to electromagnetic fields. Based on the available documentation of the proposed technical standards, the theoretical analysis of environmental exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by 5G systems shows that, with rational power management, obtaining the expected (compatible with 5G standards) quality of connections via base stations installed outside of buildings and using intelligent antenna systems with controlled beams, it will be possible to maintain the electric field strength and power density below the current limit values in places accessible to the public (<7 V/m, <0.1 W/m2).

Źródło:

Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 2; 245-253
0465-5893
2353-1339

Pojawia się w:

Medycyna Pracy

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

Ochrona zdrowia ludności przed zagrożeniami elektromagnetycznymi − wyzwania wynikające z planowanego w Polsce wdrożenia systemu radiokomunikacji standardu 5G
Protection of the population health from electromagnetic hazards − challenges resulting from the implementation of the 5G network planned in Poland

Autorzy:

Zmyślony, Marek
Bieńkowski, Paweł
Bortkiewicz, Alicja
Karpowicz, Jolanta
Kieliszek, Jarosław
Politański, Piotr
Rydzyński, Konrad

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085450.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-01-20

Wydawca:

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi

Tematy:

pole elektromagnetyczne
zdrowie środowiskowe
radiokomunikacja
zasada ostrożności
ochrona środowiska
standard 5G
electromagnetic field
environmental health
radio communication
precautionary principle
environmental protection
5G networks

Opis:

Trwa dyskusja o zagrożeniach elektromagnetycznych w kontekście projektowania nowej technologii łączności bezprzewodowej piątej generacji – standardu 5G. Pojawiają się obawy o zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa i zdrowia wynikające z oddziaływania pola elektromagnetycznego (PEM) emitowanego przez projektowane urządzenia radionadawcze sieci 5G. W Polsce obowiązują wymagania ograniczające ekspozycję ludności na PEM powyżej częstotliwości 300 MHz do poziomu 7 V/m. Wynikają one z uwzględnienia działań ochronnych dotyczących nie tylko bezpośrednich zagrożeń termicznych, ale również zróżnicowanych zagrożeń pośrednich i długoterminowych. Wiele państw nie ustanowiło wymagań prawnych w tym zakresie częstotliwości lub wprowadziło je na podstawie rekomendacji dotyczącej jedynie ochrony przed bezpośrednimi zagrożeniami termicznymi (Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC), co odpowiada dopuszczalnym, zależnym od częstotliwości poziomom PEM rzędu 20–60 V/m. Niniejsza praca powstała w ramach interdyscyplinarnej współpracy inżynierów, biologów i lekarzy od lat związanych zawodowo z ochroną biosfery przed negatywnymi skutkami działania PEM. Przedstawiono w niej stan wiedzy na temat biologicznego i zdrowotnego działania PEM emitowanego przez urządzenia radionadawcze telefonii komórkowej (w tym planowanych do wykorzystania w sieci 5G fal milimetrowych) i na tym tle porównano zalecenia UE i obowiązujące w Polsce przepisy dotyczące ochrony ludności. Wyniki dotychczasowych badań nad biologicznym działaniem radiofalowego PEM emitowanego przez urządzenia nadawcze telefonii komórkowej o częstotliwościach do 6 GHz nie pozwalają na postawienie zdecydowanych wniosków, chociaż dowody naukowe uznano za wystarczające do zaklasyfikowania przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia takiego PEM jako czynnika środowiskowego potencjalnie rakotwórczego dla ludzi. Obecnie nie ma również adekwatnych danych naukowych pozwalających na ocenę skutków zdrowotnych ekspozycji na elektromagnetyczne fale milimetrowe, jakie planuje się wykorzystać w projektowanych urządzeniach nadawczych systemów 5G. Niemniej ze względu na to, że istnieją dane wskazujące na istnienie mechanizmów biofizycznych oddziaływania PEM mogących prowadzić do negatywnych skutków zdrowotnych, konieczne wydaje się stosowanie przy tworzeniu wymagań środowiskowych dotyczących budowy i użytkowania infrastruktury radionadawczej planowanego systemu 5G zasady ostrożności i zasady ALARA.
There is an ongoing discussion about electromagnetic hazards in the context of the new wireless communication technology – the fifth generation (5G) standard. Concerns about safety and health hazards resulting from the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by the designed 5G antennas have been raised. In Poland, the level of the population’s exposure to EMF is limited to 7 V/m for frequencies above 300 MHz. This limitation results from taking into account the protective measures related not only to direct thermal hazards, but also to diversified indirect and long-term threats. Many countries have not established legal requirements in this frequency range, or they have introduced regulations based on recommendations regarding protection against direct thermal risks only (Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC). For such protection, the permissible levels of electric field intensity are 20–60 V/m (depending on the frequency). This work has been created through an interdisciplinary collaboration of engineers, biologists and doctors, who have been for many years professionally dealing with the protection of the biosphere against the negative effects of EMF. It presents the state of knowledge on the biological and health effects of the EMF emitted by mobile phone devices (including millimeter waves which are planned to be used in the 5G network). A comparison of the EU recommendations and the provisions on public protection being in force in Poland was made against this background. The results of research conducted to date on the biological effects of the EMF radiofrequency emitted by mobile telecommunication devices, operating with the frequencies up to 6 GHz, do not allow drawing any firm conclusions; however, the research evidence is strong enough for the World Health Organization to classify EMF as an environmental factor potentially carcinogenic to humans. At the moment, there is a shortage of adequate scientific data to assess the health effects of exposure to electromagnetic millimeter waves, which are planned to be used in the designed 5G devices. Nevertheless, due to the fact that there are data indicating the existence of biophysical mechanisms of the EMF influence that may lead to adverse health effects, it seems necessary to use the precautionary principle and the ALARA principle when creating environmental requirements for the construction and exploitation of the infrastructure of the planned 5G system.

Źródło:

Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 1; 105-113
0465-5893
2353-1339

Pojawia się w:

Medycyna Pracy

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Study on Metamaterial-based Bio-inspired Microstrip Antenna Array for 5G Enabled Mobile Health Technology

Autorzy:

Colaco, John
Cotta, Jillian

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055230.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

microstrip
antenna
bio-inspired
array
split-ring
resonators
metamaterial
5G

Opis:

5G is a fifth-generation wireless technology that enables extremely fast data transfers and massive connection capacity. Existing Mobile health technology requires more reliable connection power and data transfer rates. The purpose of this research is to design, analyse, and compare the performance of a bio-inspired lotus-shaped microstrip patch antenna array with two to three radiating elements. The proposed antenna utilizes proximity coupled indirect microstrip transmission line feeding technique operating in the 24 GHz-30 GHz frequency band. The results indicate that performance continues to improve as the number of radiating elements increases. Moreover, each radiating element is loaded with complementary and non-complementary split-ring resonators (SRRs). The performance of the proposed microstrip antenna array is then analysed and compared with and without split-ring resonators. The findings validate that the proposed bio-inspired metamaterial-based microstrip patch array antenna is more reliable and performs better than an antenna without SRRs.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 2; 201--207
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

Single Linkage Weighted Steepest Gradient Adaboost Cluster-Based D2D in 5G Networks

Autorzy:

Varadala, Sridhar
Roslin, S. Emalda

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200959.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G networks
D2D communication
Minkowski single linkage clustering

Opis:

Efficiency of data transmissions with minimum latency levels and better resource utilization is a challenging issue in 5 G device-to-device (D 2D) environments. A novel technique referred to as single linkage steepest gradient gentle AdaBoost cluster-based device (SLSGAC) is introduced to improve device-to-device communications with minimum latency. The proposed technique uses the ensemble clustering approach to group mobile devices by constructing a set of weak clusters, based on the Minkowski single linkage clustering technique. In the weak clustering process, residual energy, bandwidth and SINR are estimated, and mobile devices are grouped based on the Minkowski distance measure. Results of the weak clustering process are combined to provide the final ensemble’s clustering output by applying the steepest gradient function to minimize the error rate. For each cluster, a head is selected from among the group members to improve the data transmission rate and minimize latency. Simulations are conducted comparing the proposed technique with the existing methods based on such metrics as energy efficiency, data delivery ratio, packet loss rate, throughput and latency.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 1; 60--65
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

Zipf Distribution Power AllocationAapproach for NOMA Systems

Autorzy:

Himeur, Hanane
Meriah, Sidi Mohammed
Derraz, Fouad

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311910.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

NOMA
wireless networks
power domain
Zipf distribution law
5G networks

Opis:

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has received tremendous attention for the development of 5G and beyond wireless networks. Power-domain NOMA works on the concept of assigning varying power levels to users within the same frequency and time block. In this paper we propose a novel power allocation approach that uses the Zipf distribution law that satisfies the basic condition of a NOMA system. The Zipf PA is characterized by the simplicity and ease of implementation that allows to extend the capacity of the system to support a large number of users. The numerical results show that the system achieves high throughput and energy efficiency without any parameter optimization constraints as well as improved capacity by increasing the number of users compared to the NOMA system with existing power allocation techniques.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 559--564
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

Design and Simulation of 2× 2Micro Strip Circular Patch Antenna Array at 28 GHz for 5G Mobile Station Application

Autorzy:

Hasan, Salim Abdullah
Ahmed, Abdulsattar Mohamed
Abdulqader, Mohanad Nawfal
Dawood, Younis Shareef

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200728.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

patch
5G
return loss
dielectric
array
divider
substrate
directivity
bandwidth

Opis:

This paper proposes the design and simulation of 2×2 circular patch antenna array working at 28 GHz by using four inset feed micro strip circular patch antennas to achieve beam forming with directivity around 13dB which is required to overcome part of high path loss challenge for high data rate mm-5G mobile station application. Four element 2x2 array consists of two 1x2 circular patch antenna arrays based on power divider and quarter wavelength transition lines as a matching circuit. The designed antenna array is simulated on RT/duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with properties of 0.5mm thickness, dielectric constant ε r =2.2, and tangent loss of 0.0009 by using Computer System Technology (CST) software. The performances in terms of return loss, 3D–radiation pattern is evaluated at 28 GHz frequency band. The design also includes the possibility of inserting four identical 2x2 antenna arrays at four edges of mobile station substrate to achieve broad space coverage by steering the beams of the mobile station arrays.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 4; 721--729
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

The Role of 5G Technology in Superpower Rivalry between the United States and China: An Offensive Realist Approach

Autorzy:

Gołota, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343157.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

modern technologies
economic development
digitization
5G
offensive realism
artificial intelligence

Opis:

The article aims to explain the importance of 5G technology in pursuing power and shaping the international competition between two superpowers: the USA and China. Accordingly, the research focus of this article is to explain how and why 5G technology is being used by China and the U.S. as a key instrument in their growing geopolitical rivalry. The study is framed within the theoretical approach of offensive realism. It is based on the primary assumption that superpowers like China and the United States tend to increase their power not only by expanding their armed forces and territorial conquests but also by using every possible opportunity to do so. The article researches two questions. What is the importance of 5G technology in the rivalry between China and the U.S.? How has the development of communication technologies influenced countries and their ability to shape the international environment? 5G technology is considered more than just the next generation of wireless connectivity, as it goes beyond traditional forms of use and addresses a new category of users. It is a structure intended to facilitate a new category of goods and services: smart cities, autonomous vehicles, automated factories, digital services, and robotization of decision-making processes.

Źródło:

Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 4(52); 173-190
0208-7375

Pojawia się w:

Polish Political Science Yearbook

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

Robust Schemes to Enhance Energy Consumption Efficiency for Millimeter Wave-Based Microcellular Network in Congested Urban Environments

Autorzy:

Hindia, MHD Nour
Qamar, Faizan
Ojukwu, Henry
Hassan, Rosilah
Dimyati, Kaharudin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844493.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

micro cell
energy
5G
millimeter wave
cell sectoring
smart antenna

Opis:

Future wireless communication networks will be largely characterized by small cell deployments, typically on the order of 200 meters of radius/cell, at most. Meanwhile, recent studies show that base stations (BS) account for about 80 to 95 % of the total network power. This simply implies that more energy will be consumed in the future wireless network since small cell means massive deployment of BS. This phenomenon makes energy-efficient (EE) control a central issue of critical consideration in the design of future wireless networks. This paper proposes and investigates (the performance of) two different energy-saving approaches namely, adaptive-sleep sectorization (AS), adaptive hybrid partitioning schemes (AH) for small cellular networks using smart antenna technique. We formulated a generic base-model for the above-mentioned schemes and applied the spatial Poisson process to reduce the system complexity and to improve flexibility in the beam angle reconfiguration of the adaptive antenna, also known as a smart antenna (SA). The SA uses the scalable algorithms to track active users in different segments/sectors of the microcell, making the proposed schemes capable of targeting specific users or groups of users in periods of sparse traffic, and capable of performing optimally when the network is highly congested. The capabilities of the proposed smart/adaptive antenna approaches can be easily adapted and integrated into the massive MIMO for future deployment. Rigorous numerical analysis at different orders of sectorization shows that among the proposed schemes, the AH strategy outperforms the AS in terms of energy saving by about 52 %. Generally, the proposed schemes have demonstrated the ability to significantly increase the power consumption efficiency of micro base stations for future generation cellular systems, over the traditional design methodologies.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 3; 417-424
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

Uplink NOMA Scheme for Wi-Fi Applications

Autorzy:

Ghazi, H. S.
Wesołowski, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226180.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
NOMA
Successive Interference Cancellation
SIC

Opis:

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) is one of the promising techniques proposed for 5G systems. It allows multiple users with different channel coefficients to share the same (time/frequency) resources by allocating several levels of (power/code) to them. In this article, a design of a cooperative scheme for the uplink NOMA Wi-Fi transmission (according to IEEE 802.11 standards) is investigated. Various channel models are exploited to examine the system throughput. Convolutional coding in conformance to IEEE 802.11a/g is applied to evaluate the system performance. The simulation results have been addressed to give a clear picture of the performance of the investigated system.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2018, 64, 4; 481-485
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 50.

Tytuł:

V2X Communications for Platooning: Sensor Inaccuracy Aspects

Autorzy:

Sybis, Michał
Sroka, Paweł
Kryszkiewicz, Paweł

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309154.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

context information database
sensor accuracy
V2X and 5G

Opis:

Platooning is a future approach to autonomous driving in which vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications play an important role. Tests performed in the past showed that a significant reduction in fuel consumption is possible when cars are traveling in a dense platoon formation. To increase the level of their awareness of the surrounding objects and to maintain a very short distance to the preceding vehicle, highly reliable on-board sensors are required. This paper discusses the impact of sensor inaccuracy on the performance and behavior of and autonomous vehicle platoon that makes use of wireless communications supported by context information from various databases and maps.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2020, 2; 78-85
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 51.

Tytuł:

Space-Time-Frequency Machine Learning for Improved 4G/5G Energy Detection

Autorzy:

Wasilewska, Małgorzata
Bogucka, Hanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226216.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

spectrum sensing
cognitive radio
machine learning
energy detection
4G
LTE
5G
k-nearest neighbors
random forest

Opis:

In this paper, the future Fifth Generation (5G New Radio) radio communication system has been considered, coexisting and sharing the spectrum with the incumbent Fourth Generation (4G) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system. The 4G signal presence is detected in order to allow for opportunistic and dynamic spectrum access of 5G users. This detection is based on known sensing methods, such as energy detection, however, it uses machine learning in the domains of space, time and frequency for sensing quality improvement. Simulation results for the considered methods: k-Nearest Neighbor sand Random Forest show that these methods significantly improves the detection probability.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 1; 217-223
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 52.

Tytuł:

LEES: a Hybrid Lightweight Elliptic ElGamal-Schnorr-Based Cryptography for Secure D2D Communications

Autorzy:

Ambareen, Javeria
Prabhakar, M.
Ara, Tabassum

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839354.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G networks
authentication
D2D communication
IoT
lightweight cryptography

Opis:

Device-to-device (D2D) communications in 5G networks will provide greater coverage, as devices will be acting as users or relays without any intermediate nodes. However, this arrangement poses specific security issues, such as rogue relays, and is susceptible to various types of attacks (impersonation, eavesdropping, denial-of-service), due to the fact that communication occurs directly. It is also recommended to send fewer control messages, due to authenticity- and secrecy related prevailing requirements in such scenarios. Issues related to IoT applications need to be taken into consideration as well, as IoT networks are inherently resource-constrained and susceptible to various attacks. Therefore, novel signcryption algorithms which combine encryption with digital signatures are required to provide secure 5G IoT D2D communication scenarios in order to protect user information and their data against attacks, without simultaneously increasing communication costs. In this paper, we propose LEES, a secure authentication scheme using public key encryption for secure D2D communications in 5G IoT networks. This lightweight solution is a hybrid of elliptic curve ElGamal-Schnorr algorithms. The proposed scheme is characterized by low requirements concerning computation cost, storage and network bandwidth, and is immune to security threats, thus meeting confidentiality, authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation-related criteria that are so critical for digital signature schemes. It may be used in any 5G IoT architectures requiring enhanced D2D security and performance.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 24-30
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 53.

Tytuł:

Novel Hybrid Model Investing in 5G Network Optimization Under Suzuki Fading Channel

Autorzy:

Abed, Muntadher Suhail

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311908.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

5G
Suzuki Fading Channel
polar code
quality of service (QoS)
rate matching

Opis:

Nowadays, the advancement and increased use of fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) systems have created a demand for more efficient and rapid transmission of information over wireless communication media. However, developing wireless communication systems that can meet these modern-day criteria for fast, reliable, and secure information exchange is a challenging task. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel model for enhancing the 5G system. The proposed model utilizes polar code with rate matching and constitutional interleaving over the Suzuki fading channel. The combination of polar codes with rate matching and interleaving enables the communication system to achieve a lower error rate and better reliability over a Suzuki fading channel. Specifically, the polar code can correct a larger number of errors, while rate matching and interleaving can mitigate the effects of channel variations and reduce the probability of error bursts. These enhancements can lead to more robust and reliable communication in wireless networks.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 553--558
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 54.

Tytuł:

Analysis of Coverage and Area Spectral Efficiency under Various Design Parameters of Heterogeneous Cellular Network

Autorzy:

Abbasi, Anum
Shaikh, M. Mujtaba
Dahri, Safia
Soomro, Sarfraz Ahmed
Panhwar, Fozia Aijaz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055224.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

heterogeneous network
coverage
area spectral efficiency
5G
ultra-dense network

Opis:

As day by day the population is increasing, the use of mobile phones and different applications is increasing which requires high data rate for transmission. Homogeneous cellular network cannot fulfill the demand of mobile users, so creating a heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) is a better choice for higher coverage and capacity to fulfil the increasing demand of upcoming 5G and ultra-dense cellular networks. In this research, the impact of antenna heights and gains under varying pico to macro base stations density ratio from 2G to 5G and beyond on two-tier heterogeneous cellular network has been analyzed for obtaining optimum results of coverage and area spectral efficiency. Furthermore, how the association of UEs affects the coverage and ASE while changing the BSs antenna heights and gains has been explored for the two-tier HCN network model. The simulation results show that by considering the maximum macro BS antenna height, pico BS antenna height equal to user equipment (UE) antenna height and unity gains for both macro and pico tiers, the optimum coverage and area spectral efficiency (ASE) for a two-tier fully loaded heterogeneous cellular network can be obtained.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 4; 639--645
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 55.

Tytuł:

Teleinformatyka w polskim kolejnictwie

Autorzy:

Gago, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/215016.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Instytut Kolejnictwa

Tematy:

szerokopasmowe sieci teleinformatyczne
technologia 5G
teleinformatyka
kolejnictwo
Internet Rzeczy
Fizyczny Internet

Opis:

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu rozwoju systemów informatycznych i logistycznych na kierunki rozwoju sieci teleinformatycznych w transporcie, a w szczególności na potrzeby transportu kolejowego w Polsce. PKP PLK obecnie realizuje budowę sieci teletransmisyjnej przede wszystkim dla systemu ERTMS. Zdaniem autora, rozwój sieci powinien być tak ukierunkowany, aby ta sieć mogła zapewnić obecne i przyszłe zapotrzebowanie wszystkich Spółek kolejowych w zakresie transmisji danych, umożliwiając ekspansję tych Spółek w zakresie usług teleinformatycznych na inne rodzaje transportu. Systemy sterowania ruchem kolejowym powinny być realizowane na fizycznie wydzielonej sieci światłowodowej (wydzielone włókna w kablach światłowodowych).

Źródło:

Problemy Kolejnictwa; 2018, 179; 13-19
0552-2145
2544-9451

Pojawia się w:

Problemy Kolejnictwa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 56.

Tytuł:

Design of 1x5 Planar Array Microstrip Antenna with Edge Weighting to Increase Gain

Autorzy:

Simanjuntak, Imelda Uli Vistalina
Sulistyaningsih
Heryanto
Astuti, Dian Widi

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311953.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

microstrip antenna
edge weighting
parasitic patch
proximity coupling
5G antenna gain

Opis:

Research on improving the performance of microstrip antennas is continuously developing the following technology; this is due to its light dimensions, cheap and easy fabrication, and performance that is not inferior to other dimension antennas. Especially in telecommunications, microstrip antennas are constantly being studied to increase bandwidth and gain according to current cellular technology. Based on the problem of antenna performance limitations, optimization research is always carried out to increase the gain to become the antenna standard required by 5G applications. This research aims to increase the gain by designing a 5-element microstrip planar array antenna arrangement at a uniform distance (lamda/2) with edge weights at a frequency of 2.6 GHz, Through the 1x5 antenna design with parasitic patch, without parasitic, and using proximity coupling.This study hypothesizes that by designing an N-element microstrip planar array antenna arrangement at uniform spacing (lamda/2) with edge weights, a multi-beam radiation pattern character will be obtained so that to increase gain, parasitic patches contribute to antenna performance. This research contributes to improving the main lobe to increase the gain performance of the 1x5 planar array antenna. Based on the simulation results of a 1x5 microstrip planar array antenna using a parasitic patch and edge weighting, a gain value of 7.34 dB is obtained; without a parasitic patch, a gain value of 7.03 dB is received, using a parasitic patch and proximity coupling, a gain value of 2.29 dB is obtained. The antenna configuration with the addition of a parasitic patch, even though it is only supplied at the end (edge weighting), is enough to contribute to the parameters impedance, return loss, VSWR, and total gain based on the resulting antenna radiation pattern. The performance of the 1x5 microstrip planar array antenna with parasitic patch and double substrate (proximity coupling), which is expected to contribute even more to the gain side and antenna performance, has yet to be achieved. The 1x5 planar array antenna design meets the 5G gain requirement of 6 dB.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 4; 683--690
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 57.

Tytuł:

Rodzina Ariane. Cz. 2

Autorzy:

Zwierzchlejski, Waldemar.

Powiązania:

Lotnictwo 2010, nr 5, s. 70-74

Data publikacji:

2010

Tematy:

Sztuczny satelita
Loty kosmiczne
Ariane-5G (pojazd kosmiczny) budowa i konstrukcje

Opis:

Fot.

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 58.

Tytuł:

Two-Dimensional Drone Base Station Placement in Cellular Networks Using MINLP Model

Autorzy:

Taghavi, Mina
Abouei, Jamshid

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227091.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G cellular networks
drone base stations
mobile base stations
node placement

Opis:

Utilization of drones is going to become predominated in cellular networks as aerial base stations in order to temporary cover areas where stationary base stations cannot serve the users. Detecting optimal location and efficient number of drone-Base Stations (DBSs) are the targets we tackle in this paper. Toward this goal, we first model the problem using mixed integer non-linear programming. The output of the proposed method is the number and the optimal location of DBSs in a two-dimension area, and the object is to maximize the number of covered users. In the second step, since the proposed method is not solvable using conventional methods, we use a proposed method to solve the optimization problem. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method has achieved its goals.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 4; 701-706
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 59.

Tytuł:

High Gain 2x2 Slotted Array Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications

Autorzy:

Haneef, Shaikh Rehan
Selvaperumal, Sathish Kumar
Jayapal, Vikneswary

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226352.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

technology
electronics
optoelectronics
photonics
telecommunications
signals circuits
systems
applications

Opis:

New optimized 2x2 slotted array antenna is designed using HFSS to operate at 28.1 GHz, using RT6010 substrate with height of 1.6 mm, tangent loss of 0.0023 and dielectric constant of 10.2 and overall dimension of 12x12 mm2, for 5G mobile applications. The 2x2 slotted linear array antenna achieved a high gain of 18.3 dB at 28.1 GHz with 10 dB bandwidth of 1.39 GHz, and with 83.21% of size reduction.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 4; 557-563
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 60.

Tytuł:

Power Scaling and Antenna Selection Techniques for Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave Massive MIMO Systems

Autorzy:

Nalband, Abdul Haq
Sarvagya, Mrinal
Ahmed, Mohammed Riyaz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226190.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

antenna selection
massive MIMO
millimeter Wave
5G
hybrid beamforming
power scaling

Opis:

With the advent of massive MIMO and mmWave, Antenna selection is the new frontier in hybrid beamforming employed in 5G base stations. Tele-operators are reworking on the components while upgrading to 5G where the antenna is a last-mile device. The burden on the physical layer not only demands smart and adaptive antennas but also an intelligent antenna selection mechanism to reduce power consumption and improve system capacity while degrading the hardware cost and complexity. This work focuses on reducing the power consumption and finding the optimal number of RF chains for a given millimeter wave massive MIMO system. At first, we investigate the power scaling method for both perfect Channel State Information (CSI) and imperfect CSI where the power is reduced by1/Nᵣ and 1/√Nᵣ respectively. We further propose to reduce the power consumption by emphasizing on the subdued resolution of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) with quantization awareness. The proposed algorithm selects the optimal number of antenna elements based on the resolution of ADCs without compromising on the quality of reception. The performance of the proposed algorithm shows significant improvement when compared with conventional and random antenna selection methods.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 3; 529-535
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 61.

Tytuł:

A flexible approach to combating chromatic dispersion in a centralized 5G network

Autorzy:

Ilgaz, Mehmet Alp
Baliž, K. Vuk
Batagelj, B.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818223.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich

Tematy:

chromatic dispersion
opto-electronic oscillator
power penalty
radio access network
tunable dispersion-compensation module

Opis:

This article proposes and examines a solution in which the base-station for the fifth generation radio access network is simplified by using a single millimeter-wave oscillator in the central-station and distributing its millimeter-wave signal to the base-stations. The system is designed in such a way that the low-phase-noise signal generated by an opto-electronic oscillator is transmitted from the central-station to multiple base-stations via a passive optical network infrastructure. A novel flexible approach with a single-loop opto-electronic oscillator at the transmitting end and a tunable dispersion-compensation module at the receiving end(s) is proposed to distribute a power-penalty-free millimeter-wave signal in the radio access network. Power-penalty-free signal transmission from 10 MHz up to 45 GHz with an optical length of 20 km is achieved by a combination of a tunable dispersion-compensation module and an optical delay line. In addition, measurements with a fixed modulation frequency of 39 GHz and discretely incrementing optical fiber lengths from 0.625 km to 20 km are shown. Finally, a preliminary idea for an automatically controlled feedback-loop tuning system is proposed as a further research entry point.

Źródło:

Opto-Electronics Review; 2020, 28, 1; 35--42
1230-3402

Pojawia się w:

Opto-Electronics Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 62.

Tytuł:

An Investigation of the MIMO Space Time Block Code Based Selective Decode and Forward Relaying Network over η–µ Fading Channel Conditions

Autorzy:

Shankar, Ravi
Raman, V. V. Raghava
Rane, Kantilal Pitamber
Sarojini, B. K.
Neware, Rahul

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058506.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
MIMO
MRC
non-homogeneous fading channel
PEP
S-DF
SNR

Opis:

In this paper, we examine the end-to-end average pairwise error probability (PEP) and output probability (OP) performance of the maximum ratio combining (MRC) based selective decode and forward (S-DF) system over an η–µ scattering environment considering additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The probability distribution function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) expressions have been derived for the received signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and the moment generating function (MGF) technique is used to derive the novel closed-form (CF) average PEP and OP expressions. The analytical results have been further simplified and are presented in terms of the Lauricella function for coherent complex modulation schemes. The asymptotic PEP expressions are also derived in terms of the Lauricella function, and a convex optimization (CO) framework has been developed for obtaining optimal power allocation (OPA) factors. Through simulations, it is also proven that, depending on the number of multi-path clusters and the modulation scheme used, the optimized power allocation system was essentially independent of the power relation scattered waves from the source node (SN) to the destination node (DN). The graphs show that asymptotic and accurate formulations are closely matched for moderate and high SNR regimes. PEP performance significantly improves with an increase in the value of η for a fixed value of µ. The analytical and simulation curves are in close agreement for medium-to-high SNR values.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2022, 1; 79--92
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 63.

Tytuł:

Investigation of QoS Performance Evaluation over 5G Network for Indoor Environment at millimeter wave Bands

Autorzy:

Qamar, Faizan
Hindia, Mohammad Nour
Abbas, Talib
Dimyati, Kaharudin Bin
Amiri, Iraj Sadegh

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226266.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G
millimeter wave
CI-path loss
propagation channel
channel characterization
small cell

Opis:

One of the key advancement in next-generation 5G wireless networks is the use of high-frequency signals specifically those are in the millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands. Using mmwave frequency will allow more bandwidth resulting higher data rates as compared to the currently available network. However, several challenges are emerging (such as fading, scattering, propagation loss etc.), when we propagate the radio signal at high frequencies. Optimizing propagation parameters of the mm-wave channels system are much essential for implementing in the realworld scenario. To keep this in mind, this paper presents the potential abilities of high frequencies signals by characterizing the indoor small cell propagation channel for 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 60 GHz and 73 GHz frequency band, which is considered as the ultimate frequency choice for many of the researchers. The most potential Close-In (CI) propagation model for mm-wave frequencies is used as a Large-scale path loss model. The results have been collected concerning the capacity of users to evaluate the average user throughput, cell-edge user throughput, average cell throughput, spectral efficiency and fairness index. The statistical results proved that these mm-wave spectrum gives a sufficiently greater overall performance and are available for use in the next generation 5G mobile communication network.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 1; 95-101
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 64.

Tytuł:

Designing Eight-port Antenna Array for Multi-Band MIMO Applications in 5G Smartphones

Autorzy:

Al-Azzawi, Zainab Faydhe
AbdulSattar, Rusul Khalid
Muhsin, Muhannad Y.
Azeez, Mohammed Abdulrazzaq
Salim, Ali J.
Ali, Jawad K

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312953.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G communication
compact MIMO antenna
decoupling techniques
fractal geometry
multi-band antenna

Opis:

This article introduces a dual-functional low-profile compact multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna array for multi-band communication in 5G smartphones. The proposed eight elements of the antenna array form two different 4 ×4 MIMO systems. The first four elements are placed at the four mobile corners and operate in a single band of 3. 445– 3. 885 GHz for 5G n77 and n 78 applications. The other system, in which four antennas are positioned in the middle of the terminal board, supports two wide bands of 1 . 684– 2. 300 GHz and 4. 432 – 5. 638 for n 2, n 3, n 39, n 65, n 66, n 79 , and WLAN applications. The second iteration of a modified Peano-type fractal geometry served as the design foundation for the proposed antenna element. The system’s ground plane design is based on self-isolated and spatial diversity methods. The single-band MIMO system’s isolation is better than 23 dB. In the dual-band MIMO system that is based on self-isolation, isolation equals approximately 16 dB in the higher band and 10 dB in the lower band. To evaluate performance, radiation-related and total antenna efficiencies, scattering parameters and gains were investigated. Additionally, ECCs have been considered to evaluate MIMO performance. According to the results, such design constitutes a valuable option for MIMO applications in 5G smartphones.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 4; 18--24
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 65.

Tytuł:

Minimization of Energy and Service Latency Computation Offloading using Neural Network in 5G NOMA System

Autorzy:

Suprith, P. G.
Ahmed, Mohammed Riyaz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311932.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

Mobile edge computing
Deep Q Network Algorithm
latency optimized
computation offloading
5G

Opis:

The future Internet of Things (IoT) era is anticipated to support computation-intensive and time-critical applications using edge computing for mobile (MEC), which is regarded as promising technique. However, the transmitting uplink performance will be highly impacted by the hostile wireless channel, the low bandwidth, and the low transmission power of IoT devices. Using edge computing for mobile (MEC) to offload tasks becomes a crucial technology to reduce service latency for computation-intensive applications and reduce the computational workloads of mobile devices. Under the restrictions of computation latency and cloud computing capacity, our goal is to reduce the overall energy consumption of all users, including transmission energy and local computation energy. In this article, the Deep Q Network Algorithm (DQNA) to deal with the data rates with respect to the user base in different time slots of 5G NOMA network. The DQNA is optimized by considering more number of cell structures like 2, 4, 6 and 8. Therefore, the DQNA provides the optimal distribution of power among all 3 users in the 5G network, which gives the increased data rates. The existing various power distribution algorithms like frequent pattern (FP), weighted least squares mean error weighted least squares mean error (WLSME), and Random Power and Maximal Power allocation are used to justify the proposed DQNA technique. The proposed technique which gives 81.6% more the data rates when increased the cell structure to 8. Thus 25% more in comparison to other algorithms like FP, WLSME Random Power and Maximal Power allocation.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 4; 661--667
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 66.

Tytuł:

RIS-aided Multi-hop Backhauling for 5G/6G UAV-assisted Access Points

Autorzy:

Janji, Salim
Sroka, Paweł

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200733.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

backhaul link
multi-hop
RIS
UAV

Opis:

Drones are considered to be an important part of future 6G telecommunication systems. Thanks to their quick deployment potential, they provide additional connectivity options in the form of a flying hotspot. However, in such use cases, they typically require a wireless backhaul link to facilitate their proper operation, which might be a challenging task in dense urban environments. One of the potential methods that may be relied upon to connect such nodes is the integrated access and backhaul (IAB) approach, where part of the spectrum allocated to users accessing the base station is used for wireless backhauling. Thus, in this work, we consider the problem of establishing a multi-hop wireless backhaul link following the IAB concept, with the aid of drone relay stations (DRSs) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). We formulate the problem of coverage improvement with a fixed number of relays, assuming certain throughput requirements for the backhaul link. The simulations show that the use of RISs offers a coverage improvement in such a scenario or a reduction in the number of nodes involved in ensuring the required backhaul performance.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 2; 63--69
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 67.

Tytuł:

ICT in the Polish Railway Industry

Autorzy:

Gago, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/215108.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Instytut Kolejnictwa

Tematy:

broadband ICT networks
5G technologies
ICT in the railway industry
Internet of Things (IoT)
Physical Internet (PI)
szerokopasmowe sieci teleinformatyczne
technologia 5G
teleinformatyka
kolejnictwo
Internet Rzeczy
Fizyczny Internet

Opis:

The article intends to discuss the impact of the development of IT and logistics systems on the development of ICT networks in the context of practical application in the area of transport, especially in the area of railway transport in Poland. At present, PKP PLK is involved in the construction of a teletransmission network, to be used mainly with ERTMS. According to the author, development of the network should be planned in such a way that this network is able to satisfy the current and future needs of all railway companies in the area of data transmission, making it possible for such railway companies to extend their range of ICT services to include other forms of transport. Systems of railway traffic control should be established within a physically isolated fibre-optic network (isolated fi bres in fibre-optic cables).

Źródło:

Problemy Kolejnictwa; 2018, 179; 75-81
0552-2145
2544-9451

Pojawia się w:

Problemy Kolejnictwa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 68.

Tytuł:

Maritime communication and sea safety of the future : Machine-Type 5G communication concept

Autorzy:

Gajewska, Małgorzata.

Powiązania:

Scientific Journal of Polish Naval Academy 2019, nr 3, s. 57-67

Data publikacji:

2019

Tematy:

Bezpieczeństwo morskie
Systemy łączności i transmisji informacji
Body area network (BAN)
5G (technologia mobilna)
Zastosowanie i wykorzystanie
Transport morski
Artykuł z czasopisma naukowego
Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego

Opis:

Bibliografia na stronach 66-67.

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 69.

Tytuł:

Europejskie społeczeństwo gigabitowe
The European Gigabit Society

Autorzy:

Grabowska, Marta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558151.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie

Tematy:

European Gigabit Society;
Gigabit Society;
5G;
European Union;
Electronic Communications Networks;
Poland;

Opis:

The aim of the paper is to present the European gigabit society which is perceived by European Union’s leaders as a model of the future European society and economy. It is based on new digital technologies of the XXI century and on new, very high capacity mobile telecommunications networks. The rapid growth of information being processed and transmitted through electronic communications networks needs new high-speed and highly reliable broadband networks essential to economic growth, competitiveness and innovation as well as better quality products, services and the citizen’s satisfaction. The 5G communications network is the solution which is perceived as a type of network which should resolve these problems. In the paper the concept of the European gigabit society is clarifi ed, the 5G technology and its level of development in the European Union and in its Member States are described including Poland vis-à-vis the rest of the world. The European gigabit society is already under development and the 5G communication network is crucial to its success. It should be widely available in Europe including Poland. The paper is based on the analysis of official documents of the European Union and its Member States including Poland, official reports of the most active electronic telecommunications companies providing and implementing 5G technologies and on talks with representatives of some of the ones which are active on the Polish market.

Źródło:

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2020, 24, 1; 151-172
1428-149X
2719-3780

Pojawia się w:

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 70.

Tytuł:

EMF Exposure Modelling in the Vicinity of the Radiocommunication Stations

Autorzy:

Więcek, Dariusz
Niewiadomski, Daniel
Mora, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226900.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

exposure limits
electric field strength distribution
5G
EMF modelling
SI2PEM

Opis:

Due to rapid development of wireless systems and future implementation of the 5G system, it is necessary to increase number of the stations and/or number of radio emissions in current and new mobile service frequency bands. For each of the new or modified radio installation in Poland the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) strength levels has to be evaluated and measured/validated in accordance with allowable limits. In the paper the model of estimation of total EMF levels coming from mobile base stations radio emissions to be used for estimation of the whole country territory EMF levels is proposed. Results of preliminary analysis were also shown on practical examples. The model presented in the paper can be used for initial finding of possible places where exist the risk of exceedance of the maximum exposure limits and for analysis of potential radio network development taking into account current regulatory limits. The model will be used in computerized system SI2PEM which is developing in Poland for EMF levels controlling and validation purposes.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 1; 5-10
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 71.

Tytuł:

Design of a Microstrip Filtering Antenna for 4G and 5G Wireless Networks

Autorzy:

Boddu, Ramesh
Deb, Arindam
Roy, Jibendu Sekhar

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200731.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

elliptical microstrip patch antenna
filtering antenna
hairpin bandpass filter

Opis:

The filtering antenna provides both radiation and filtering features and is an important component for the RF front-end of wireless devices. The main function of a filtering antenna is to reject out-of-band signals, thus reducing the interference from adjacent channels. The aim of the present work is to design a 2.6 GHz microstrip filtering antenna for 4G and 5G global mobile services. The filtering antenna is designed using a hairpin bandpass filter integrated with an elliptical microstrip aerial. Good impedance matching is obtained by using appropriate dimensions of the hairpin bandpass filter. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the filtering antenna is approx. 5.7%, with the maximum gain for the elliptical filtering antenna of approx. 2.2 dB. Good agreements between the measured and simulated results are obtained for the proposed filtering antenna and the bandwidth covers almost the entire 2.6 GHz band.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 2; 78--83
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 72.

Tytuł:

Sztuczna inteligencja (AI), internet rzeczy (IoT) i sieć piątej generacji (5G) w nowoczesnych badaniach naukowych
Artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of things (IoT), and the fifth generation (5G) network in the modern science research

Autorzy:

Puślecki, Zdzisław W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043873.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-12-31

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

innovation
modern science research
artificial intelligence
Internet of things
fifth generation – 5G network

Opis:

In the coming time, the innovative success of customer service will depend on having a data- driven strategy. Automation will play a key role in employee service initiatives. The progress and implementation of robot-based process automation, as well as machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of things (IoT), and the construction of the fifth generation 5G network will be important. Trends such as gamification, Big Data and AI are visible. Thanks to this, the right vision is created, supported by the necessary technical knowledge, to implement solutions that open the gate of undiscovered business potential. Modern technology is also becoming a tool of public surveillance. The aim of the study is to present artificial intelligence and the Internet of things as well as the construction of the fifth generation – 5G networks in the face of innovative challenges resulting from the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Źródło:

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo; 2021, 52; 123-164
0239-3271

Pojawia się w:

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 73.

Tytuł:

Resource Tuned Optimal Random Network Coding for Single Hop Multicast future 5G Networks

Autorzy:

Dong, Dhawa Sang
Pokhrel, Yagnya Murti
Gachhadar, Anand
Qamar, Faizan
Amiri, Iraj Sadegh
Maharjan, Ram Krishna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226605.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

coding coefficients
computational complexity
lower triangular matrix
random network coding
sparse coding
coefficients

Opis:

Optimal random network coding is reduced complexity in computation of coding coefficients, computation of encoded packets and coefficients are such that minimal transmission bandwidth is enough to transmit coding coefficient to the destinations and decoding process can be carried out as soon as encoded packets are started being received at the destination and decoding process has lower computational complexity. But in traditional random network coding, decoding process is possible only after receiving all encoded packets at receiving nodes. Optimal random network coding also reduces the cost of computation. In this research work, coding coefficient matrix size is determined by the size of layers which defines the number of symbols or packets being involved in coding process. Coding coefficient matrix elements are defined such that it has minimal operations of addition and multiplication during coding and decoding process reducing computational complexity by introducing sparseness in coding coefficients and partial decoding is also possible with the given coding coefficient matrix with systematic sparseness in coding coefficients resulting lower triangular coding coefficients matrix. For the optimal utility of computational resources, depending upon the computational resources unoccupied such as memory available resources budget tuned windowing size is used to define the size of the coefficient matrix.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 3; 463-469
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 74.

Tytuł:

A 30 GHz Slotted Bow-Tie Rectangular Patch Antenna Design for 5G Application

Autorzy:

Mohammed, Khazini
Mehdi, Damou
Zeggai, Souar

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311933.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

slotted bow-tie patch antenna
quarter wave transformer
array antenna
CST studio
ADS 2016

Opis:

This Article presented the study of a single pacth antenna and array patch antenna. We will focus on the design based on a small size at a resonant frequency of 30GHz. using the software CST Microwave Studio (FEM method) and ADS software (Moments method) to find internal parameters (S... parameters, bandwidth ,VSWR) and external characteristics (gain, directivity and radiation pattern, efficiencies). To increase the total gain of the antenna and to have a wider bandwidth band width and taking advantage of the functionality of the radiation overlap of several elements radiating in the same direction, we suggest the second and most important step to design a most important step to design an antenna array grouping patches identical to our first patch antenna proposed in first patch antenna proposed in the first step.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 4; 669--673
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 75.

Tytuł:

Cellular network quality evaluation at a university campus on the eve of 5G

Autorzy:

Falkowski-Gilski, Przemysław
Uhl, Tadeus

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202518.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz

Tematy:

MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services)
mobile technologies
multimedia
QoN (Quality of Network)
QoS (Quality of Service)
QoE (Quality of Experience)
quality evaluation

Opis:

Thanks to the availability of mobile devices and the spread of broadband access around the world, the number of network users continues to grow. This has raised user awareness when it comes to the quality of content they consume. Many service providers and operators focus on monitoring QoN (Quality of Network) and QoS (Quality of Service) parameters, particularly those influenced by bandwidth and latency. However, for most end-users, quality is understood as the subjective QoE (Quality of Experience), a mixture of several individual factors. This paper presents a QoN evaluation, carried out under real-time operating conditions at a university campus, considering the overall performance of the cellular network. The study involved 50 mobile devices, i.e., smartphones, used by students during their typical activity throughout a week. The results were gathered on the eve of 5G, using a custom-built Android application. This application enabled the acquisition of valuable data about the wireless link, including download and upload speed, latency (pink), the ID of the serving base station, and type of cellular connection. This approach can be used to detect the strengths and weaknesses of back-end networks.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2022, 70 (142); 73--80
1733-8670
2392-0378

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 76.

Tytuł:

Quick Handover in 5G for High Speed Railways and Highways Using Forward Handover and PN Sequence Detection

Autorzy:

Kawser, Mohammad T.
Abir-Hassan, Kazi Md.
Haque, Md. Atiqul
Ahmed, Sakif
Akram, Mohammad Rubbyat

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202998.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

5G
High Speed Vehicles
Forward Handover
PN Sequence
Radio Link Failure
Ping-Pong

Opis:

The cellular users, on high speed railways and highways, travel at a very high speed and follow a nearly straight path, in general. Thus, they typically undergo a maximum frequency of handovers in the cellular environment. This requires a very fast triggering of the handover. In the existing method of handover in 5G cellular communication, for high speed users, neither the decision-making of handover nor the triggering of handover is sufficiently fast. This can lead to poor signal quality and packet losses and in the worst case, radio link failure (RLF) during a handover. This paper proposes a forward handover based method, combined with PN sequence detections, to facilitate a quicker handover for high speed users on railways and highways. The proposed method adds some complexity but can offer a significant improvement in the overall handover delay. A simplistic simulation is used to demonstrate the improvement of the proposed method.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 1; 147--153
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 77.

Tytuł:

The Performance Evaluation of NOMA for 5G Systems Using Automatic Deployment of Multi Users

Autorzy:

Suprith, P. G.
Ahmed, Mohammed Riyaz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074144.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

NOMA
OMA
ergotic sum rate
bits per channel use
BPCU
outage performance
successive interference cancellation
channel state information
CSI

Opis:

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in the fifth generation (5G) system is one of the optimistic technologies for wireless radio access networks. Compared to orthogonal multiple accesses (OMA) reduce the spectral efficiency; NOMA provides the best solution by increasing the data rates. This study evaluates NOMA with a downlink in the automatic deployment of multiusers. The outage performance and ergotic sum-rate gain give the NOMA better performance can be concluded at the final results. NOMA provides the Quality of Service (QoS) to the multi-users by considering the power allocation and data rate factors. Here is considered the outage probability will be 1 when it identifies the different user and allocates the data rate and power.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 2; 337--342
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 78.

Tytuł:

Next generation cellular networks services for transport needs
Kolejna generacja sieci komórkowych w usługach transportowych

Autorzy:

Sułkowski, K.
Odarchenko, R.
Gnatyuk, S.
Machalin, I.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/249869.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS

Tematy:

cellular network
transportation services
5G
transport infrastructure
sieć komórkowa
usługi transportowe
infrastruktura transportowa

Opis:

Transport infrastructure is vital to the well-functioning of economic activities and a key to ensuring social wellbeing and cohesion of populations. Adequate infrastructure is a fundamental precondition for transport systems. So, the main aim is to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks. In this case modern and next generation wireless technologies can be used. In the nearest future, up to 2020, 5G cellular networks have to be deployed in Europe and they will bring lots of benefits for transport systems. That’s why it is necessary to investigate new opportunities of next generation cellular networks and to implement them to the concept of intelligent transport systems of the future.
Infrastruktura transportowa jest niezbędna do prawidłowego funkcjonowania działalności gospodarczej i kluczem do zapewnienia dobrobytu i spójności społeczeństwa. Odpowiednia infrastruktura jest podstawowym warunkiem dla systemów transportowych. Tak więc, głównym celem jest dostarczanie innowacyjnych usług związanych z różnymi środkami transportu i zarządzania ruchem oraz umożliwienie użytkownikom dostępu do "inteligentniejszego" korzystania z sieci transportowych. W tym przypadku można stosować nowoczesne technologie bezprzewodowe. W najbliższym czasie, aż do roku 2020, sieci komórkowe 5G mają być rozmieszczone w Europie i dostarczyć wiele korzyści dla systemów transportowych. Dlatego konieczne jest zbadanie nowych możliwości kolejnej generacji sieci komórkowych i wprowadzić je do koncepcji inteligentnych systemów transportowych w przyszłości.

Źródło:

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2016, 12; 246-250
1232-3829
2543-5728

Pojawia się w:

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 79.

Tytuł:

Modified PSO Based Channel Allocation Scheme for Interference Management in 5G Wireless Mesh Networks

Autorzy:

Benni, Nirmalkumar S.
Manvi, Sunilkumar S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142305.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

channel allocation
co-channel interference
convex optimization
multicarrier NOMA
Rayleigh fading

Opis:

Efficient channel management is a challenge that next-generation wireless networks need to meet in order to satisfy increasing bandwidth demand and transmission rate requirements. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of such efficient channel allocation methods used in 5G backhaul wireless mesh networks. In this paper, we propose a power demand-based channel allocation method for 5G backhaul wireless mesh networks by employing NOMA and considering traffic demands in small cells, thereby improving channel utility. In this scheme, we work with physical layer transmission. The foremost aim is to mutually optimize the uplink/downlink NOMA channel assignment in order to increase user fairness. The approach concerned may be divided into two steps. First, initial channel allocation is performed by employing the traveling salesman problem (TSP), due to its similarity to many-to-many double-side user-channel allocation. Second, the modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is applied for allocation updates, by introducing a decreasing coefficient which may have the form of a standard stochastic estimate algorithm. To enhance exploration capacity of modified the PSO, a random velocity is included to optimize the convergence rate and exploration behavior. The performance of the designed scheme is estimated through simulation, taking into account such parameters as through put, spectral efficiency, sum-rate, outage probability, signal to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and fairness. The proposed scheme maximizes network capacity and improves fairness between the individual stations. Experimental results show that the proposed technique performs better than existing solutions.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2022, 2; 1--13
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 80.

Tytuł:

Wpływ współczesnych ruchów pionowych podłoża na niestabilność infrastruktury budowlano-drogowej
Influence of contemporary vertical movements of the grounds surface on the instability of the civil engineering infrastructure

Autorzy:

Kaszubowski, L. J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074273.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

badania geologiczno-inżynieryjne
badania sejsmiczne
CS-5G-1
współczesne ruchy pionowe podłoża
grunty niespoiste
engineering-geological research
seismic research
CS-5G-1 apparatus
contemporary vertical movements the ground
surface
uncompaction processes of soils

Opis:

The author presents the results of the engineering-geological research carried out along of the Potulicka St. and Bohaterów Warszawy Ave. in Szczecin. The analysis relates to geological drillings and made soundings carried out using an SL and ZW. Additionally, author presents use of high resolution seismic research as example to recognize the influence of the present-day vertical movements the ground surface, which have a significant effect on the instability of many parts of the existing technical infrastructure. Seismic high-resolution research carried out by the aid of apparatus CS-5G-1, where the reflection method was used. In the field research, used range Z = 50 ms, allowing the penetration of seismic waves in the Quaternary deposits to a depth of 40 m below terraine level. Author presents example of seismic research in the area of flood embankments of the Chemical Plants in Police (Western Pomerania), which show the existence of present-day vertical movements of the ground surface and which of similar size and in the same way can have a real impact in many areas on the instability of the existing civil engineering infrastructure, and can contribute to serious accidents or even disasters. As shown of the engineering-geological research in the area of Potulicka Street and Bohaterów Warszawy Avenue in Szczecin and seismic investigations, contemporary vertical movements in the Western Pomerania have different average rate of displacement of geological layers from 5–10 mm / year.

Źródło:

Przegląd Geologiczny; 2014, 62, 10/2; 601--608
0033-2151

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Geologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 81.

Tytuł:

High Gain Linear 1×4 X-slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Technology

Autorzy:

Agarwal, Samarth
Prachi, -

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958056.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

microstrip patch antenna
millimeter wave
tapered feed line

Opis:

A linear 1×4 antenna array built on the Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate is proposed in this paper to acquire high gain for 5G applications. The proposed design resonates at 38 GHz, i.e. in the Ka-band region, and has small patch dimensions of 5.5×2 mm. The design is simulated using CST studio. The main element consists of X-slot that provides a gain of 6.98 dB with the return loss of –24.25 dB whereas a linear array of 4 elements is made which is fed by the 50Ω m-line using the corporate feeding network which yields a gain of 13.84 dB, as well as the return loss is –15.72 dB. The centreto-centre spacing (d) of elements in the antenna array is 0.8λ.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2020, 1; 50-55
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 82.

Tytuł:

Integrated Access and Backhaul based 5G Connectivity for Rural Indian Sectors : Ending the Digital Divide

Autorzy:

Biswas, Ardhendu Shekhar
Sil, Sanjib
Bera, Rabindranath
Mitra, Monojit

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055209.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

carrier aggregation
CA
component carrier
CC
5G
new radio
NR
integrated access and backhaul
IAB

Opis:

The world is heading towards deployment of 5G commercially by the year 2020. But providing broadband 5G connectivity to remote rural regions is a significant challenge. Fiber connectivity has attempted to penetrate rural regions but last mile connectivity is still a problem in many rural sectors due to improper land demarcation and hostile terrain. A scheme which is based on the Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) concept is proposed to provide last mile 5G connectivity to satisfy the broadband needs of rural subscribers. A wireless 5G downlink environment following 3GPP NR specifications with a significantly high throughput is simulated. The last mile link is provided through a 28GHz carrier from a proposed IAB node delivering a data throughput of 4.301 Gbps for single-user carrier aggregation and 5.733 Gbps for multi-user carrier aggregation which is quite promising for broadband service, like high-speed Internet and streaming video. The results presented in this work are observed to agree favourably with the results of other researchers in the field.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 4; 655--663
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 83.

Tytuł:

Throughput, Spectral, and Energy Efficiency of 5G Massive MIMO Applications Using Different Linear Precoding Schemes

Autorzy:

Salah, Ibrahim
Rahouma, Kamel Hussein
Hussein, Aziza I.
Mabrook, M. Mourad

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203002.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

throughput
massive MIMO
spectral efficiency
energy efficiency
trade-off

Opis:

On fifth-generation wireless networks, a potential massive MIMO system is used to meet the ever-increasing request for high-traffic data rates, high-resolution streaming media, and cognitive communication. In order to boost the trade-off between energy efficiency (EE), spectral efficiency (SE), and throughput in wireless 5G networks, massive MIMO systems are essential. This paper proposes a strategy for EE 5G optimization utilizing massive MIMO technology. The massive MIMO system architecture would enhance the trade-off between throughput and EE at the optimum number of working antennas. Moreover, the EE-SE tradeoff is adjusted for downlink and uplink massive MIMO systems employing linear precoding techniques such as Multiple -Minimum Mean Square Error (M-MMSE), Regularized Zero Forcing (RZF), Zero Forcing (ZF), and Maximum Ratio (MR). Throughput is increased by adding more antennas at the optimum EE, according to the analysis of simulation findings. Next, utilizing M MMSE instead of RZF and ZF, the suggested trading strategy is enhanced and optimized. The results indicate that M-MMSE provides the best tradeoff between EE and throughput at the determined optimal ratio between active antennas and active users equipment’s (UE).

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 1; 185--191
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 84.

Tytuł:

Performance Analysis of Empirical Radio Propagation Models in Wireless Cellular Networks

Autorzy:

Rahul, Rahul
Bansal, Bajrang
Kapoor, Rajiv

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075552.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN

Tematy:

2G
3G
4G
5G Cellular Networks
Cell Coverage
Path Loss
Radio Propagation Models

Opis:

This paper presents the performance analysis of different empirical radio propagation models used in wireless cellular networks. It particular, the parameters such as path loss and cell coverage area are studied for different cellular networks from second generation (2G) to fifth generation (5G). Accurate prediction of path loss and coverage area is highly desirable for planning of any wireless communication systems. Considering the urban terrain, the comparison is made between Hata model, Stanford University Interim (SUI) model, and modified SUI models. As a motivation for new millimeter wave (mm-wave) cellular systems, i.e., for 5G communication, the analysis is performed at 28 GHz. Considering -75 dBm as the desired minimum received power, it is observed that 2G communication (at 900 MHz using Hata model) experiences the lowest path loss and thus results into largest coverage area. The path loss is observed to be maximum for the future mm-wave systems (at 28 GHz using modified SUI model) that directly imply the smallest coverage area.

Źródło:

World Scientific News; 2019, 121; 35-41
2392-2192

Pojawia się w:

World Scientific News

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 85.

Tytuł:

Estimation of UFMC Fading Channels Using H∞ Filter

Autorzy:

Jamoos, Ali

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308699.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
autoregressive model
channel estimation
fading channel
H ∞ filter
Kalman filter
LMS filter
RLS filter
UFMC

Opis:

Universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) modulation is a very powerful candidate to be employed for future 5G mobile systems. It overcomes the limitations and restrictions in current modulation techniques employed in 4G mobile systems and supports future applications, such as machineto-machine (M2M), device-to-device (D2D), and vehicle-tovehicle (V2V) communications. In this paper, we address the estimation of UFMC fading channels based on the comb-type pilot arrangement in the frequency domain. The basic solution is to estimate the fading channel based on the mean square error (MSE) or least square (LS) criteria with adaptive implementation using least mean square (LMS) or recursive least square (RLS) algorithms. However, these adaptive filters seem not to be effective, as they cannot fully exploit fading channel statistics, particularly at high Doppler rates. To take advantage of these statistics, time-variations of the fading channel are modeled by an autoregressive process (AR), and are tracked by an H∞ filter. This, however, requires that AR model parameters be known, which are estimated by solving the Yule-Walker equation (YWE), based on the Bessel autocorrelation function (ACF) of the fading channel with a known Doppler rate. Results of Matlab simulations show that the proposed H∞ filter-based channel estimator is more effective when compared with existing estimators.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2020, 2; 28-35
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 86.

Tytuł:

Terenowy Mercedes G5

Autorzy:

Szczerbicki, Tomasz.

Powiązania:

Militaria XX Wieku 2013, nr 4, s. 50-53

Data publikacji:

2013

Tematy:

Samochody wojskowe budowa i konstrukcje Niemcy 1933-1945 r.
Mercedes G5 (samochód) dane taktyczno-techniczne Niemcy 1933-1945 r.

Opis:

Fot.

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 87.

Tytuł:

The 4G /5G polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator in hibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene in subjects with cancer
Polimorfizm 4G /5G obszaru promotorowego genu inhibitora aktywatorów plazminogenu typu 1 (PAI-1) u chorych na nowotwory złośliwe

Autorzy:

Błasiak, Janusz
Smolarz, Beata
Piestrzeniewicz, Dagmara
Pytel, Jacek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945075.pdf

Data publikacji:

1999

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Opis:

Urokinazowy układ aktywacji plazminogenu zawiera enzymy proteolityczne mogące brać udział w inwazji komórek rakowych poprzez degradację macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej i przerywaniu połączeń pomiędzy komórkami i macierzą. Wyniki znaczącej liczby eksperymentów wskazują, że zawartość przeciwciał dla jednego ze składników układu aktywacji plazminogenu inhibitora aktywatorów plazminogenu typu 1 (PAI-1), w ekstraktach z fragmentów pierwotnych guzów nowotworowych może mieć duże znaczenie prognostyczne: wysoki poziom PAI-1 źle rokuje dla pacjenta. Zademonstrowano także, że poziom PAI-1 w metastazie jest wyższy niż w guzach pierwotnych. Polimorfizm insercyjno/delecyjny 4G/5G w obszarze promotorowym genu PAI-1 może być związany z osoczowym poziomem PAI-1. W pracy badano ten polimorfizm we krwi 53 pacjentów cierpiących na różne rodzaje nowotworów (16 przypadków ra k a sutka, 12 jelita grubego, 9 żołądka, 9 czerniaków i 7 nowotworów głowy i szyi) oraz 53 odpowiednio dobranych osobników zdrowych. Częstości alleli 4G i 5G u chorych były odpowiednio: 0,53 i 0,47, podczas gdy w grupie kontrolnej wartości te wynosiły 0,43 i 0,57. Rozkłady genotypów w badanych grupach były znacząco różne - u chorych genotyp 4G/5G występował ze zwiększoną częstością niż w grupie kontrolnej. Konieczne są dalsze badania dla oceny częstości występowania danego genotypu polimorfizmu 4G/5G, jak również innych polimorfizmów, genu PAI-1 i stopniem ryzyka zapadnięcia na chorobę nowotworową.

Źródło:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biochimica et Biophysica; 1999, 14
0208-614X

Pojawia się w:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biochimica et Biophysica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 88.

Tytuł:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene 4G/5G promoter polymorphism is not associated with breast cancer.

Autorzy:

Błasiak, Janusz
Smolarz, Beata

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044431.pdf

Data publikacji:

2000

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne

Tematy:

gene polymorphism
PAI-1 gene
prognostic marker
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
breast cancer

Opis:

The antigen content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in primary breast cancer tissue extracts may be of strong prognostic value: high levels of PAI-1 in tumors predict poor prognosis for patients. The gene encoding PAI-1 is highly polymorphic and an insertion (5G)/deletion (4G) polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene promoter (the 4G/5G polymorphism), may have functional significance in PAI-1 expression. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 4G/5G polymorphism in subjects with breast cancer were investigated. Tumor tissues were obtained from 100 postmenopausal women with node-negative and node-positive ductal breast carcinoma with uniform tumor size. Blood samples from age matched healthy women served as control. The 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using the allele specific primers. The distribution of the genotypes of the 4G/5G polymorphism in both control and patients did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. There were no differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between node-positive and node-negative patients. The 4G/5G polymorphism may not be linked with elevated level of PAI-1 observed in breast cancer and therefore may not be associated with appearance and/or progression of breast cancer.

Źródło:

Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 1; 191-199
0001-527X

Pojawia się w:

Acta Biochimica Polonica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 89.

Tytuł:

Implementation of a 4G/5G Base Station Using the srsRAN Software and the USRP Software Radio Module

Autorzy:

Flakowski, Wojciech
Krasicki, Maciej
Krenz, Rafał

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200744.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

base station
radio access network
radio channel power
radio link throughput
software-defined radio
user equipment

Opis:

This article presents the potential applications and scenarios for the implementation of a software-defined radio (SDR) module operating as a base station in 4G/5G networks. The paper presents test configurations of the srsRAN software environment in conjunction with various types of programmable radio modules. Then, the key performance metrics of the mobile telephony system and potential problems that may be encountered while implementing hardware and software layers are presented.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 3; 30--40
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 90.

Tytuł:

Hybrid texture and gradient modeling for dynamic background subtraction identification systemin tobacco plant using 5G data service

Autorzy:

Gowda Thirthe, M.T.
Chandrika, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38699145.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN

Tematy:

background subtraction
local binary pattern
tobacco plant
texture
Gaussian mixture model
illumination change
plant disease identification system
usuwanie tła
lokalny wzorzec binarny
tytoń
tekstura
model mieszaniny Gaussa
zmiana oświetlenia
system identyfikacji chorób roślin

Opis:

Background: Detecting the plants as objects of interest in any vision-based input sequence is highly complex due to nonlinear background objects such as rocks, shadows,etc. Therefore, it is a difficult task and an emerging one with the development of precision agriculture systems. The nonlinear variations of pixel intensity with illuminationand other causes such as blurs and poor video quality also make the object detection taskchallenging. To detect the object of interest, background subtraction (BS) is widely usedin many plant disease identification systems, and its detection rate largely depends on thenumber of features used to suppress and isolate the foreground region and its sensitivitytoward image nonlinearity. Methodology: A hybrid invariant texture and color gradient-based approach is proposed to model the background for dynamic BS, and its performance is validated byvarious real-time video captures covering different kinds of complex backgrounds and various illumination changes. Based on the experimental results, a simple multimodal featureattribute, which includes several invariant texture measures and color attributes, yieldsfinite precision accuracy compared with other state-of-art detection methods. Experimental evaluation of two datasets shows that the new model achieves superior performanceover existing results in spectral-domain disease identification model. 5G assistance: After successful identification of tobacco plant and its analysis, the finalresults are stored in a cloud-assisted server as a database that allows all kinds of 5G servicessuch as IoT and edge computing terminals for data access with valid authentication fordetailed analysis and references.

Źródło:

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science; 2023, 30, 1; 41-54
2299-3649

Pojawia się w:

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 91.

Tytuł:

Tłumienia łącza kierunkowego w zakresie fal milimetrowych na bazie modyfikacji modelu empirycznego
Directional link attenuation in millimeter-wave range based on empirical model modification

Autorzy:

Pawlak, Dawid
Kelner, Jan M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24065010.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego

Tematy:

łączność bezprzewodowa
propagacja fal radiowych
modele tłumienia
wielo-eliptyczny model propagacyjny
anteny kierunkowe
kierunkowe łącze radiowe
fale milimetrowe
systemy 5G
badania symulacyjne
wireless communication
radio wave propagation
path loss model
multi-elliptical propagation model
directional antennas
directional radio link
millimeter waves
5G systems
simulation studies

Opis:

Systemy telefonii komórkowej piątej i następnych generacji będą wykorzystywały nie tylko zakresy częstotliwości poniżej 6 GHz, lecz także pasma w zakresie fal milimetrowych oraz terahercowych. Z praktycznego punktu widzenia podejście to wymaga stosowania anten kierunkowych lub systemów z formowaniem wiązki. w celu zapewnienia większej efektywności energetycznej łącza bezprzewodowego istotne jest, aby wiązki radiowe po stronie nadawczej i odbiorczej były współosiowe. Modele tłumienia są powszechnie wykorzystywane przy projektowaniu systemów i sieci łączności radiowej. należy jednak podkreślić, że w literaturze nie ma dostępnych odpowiednich metod modelowania tłumienia dla przypadków braku współosiowości wiązek antenowych. w artykule zaproponowano sposób modyfikacji modelu tłumienia bazujący na wieloeliptycznym modelu propagacyjnym. w tym celu opracowano specjalne oprogramowanie w środowisku MATLAB, które posłużyło do przeprowadzenia badań symulacyjnych. w dalszej części przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki adaptacji empirycznych modeli tłumienia w zakresie fal milimetrowych, które otrzymano, wykorzystując opracowany program.
The upcoming fifth and next generation mobile phone systems will use not only the frequency bands of sub-6 GHz but also the millimeter-wave and terahertz bands. From a practical viewpoint, this approach requires the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems. To ensure greater energy efficiency of the wireless link, the radio beams on the transmitting and receiving sides should be aligned ones. Path loss models are commonly used for designing the radio communication systems and networks. However, in the literature, there are no adequate methods of attenuation modelling available for the cases of misalignment of antenna beams. in this paper, a method of modifying the path loss model, based on a multi-elliptical propagation model, is proposed. For this purpose, dedicated software was developed in the MATLAB environment, which was used to conduct simulation tests. In the remainder of the paper, exemplary results of the adaptation of empirical path loss models in the range of millimeter-waves are presented, which were obtained using the developed program.

Źródło:

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2022, 71, 3; 69--92
1234-5865

Pojawia się w:

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 92.

Tytuł:

A New Diminutive Wide-band MIMO Antenna with Frequency Agile Features for 4G and 5G Diverse Wireless Applications

Autorzy:

Mudda, Shivleela
K M, Gayathri
Mallikarjun, M

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311969.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN

Tematy:

Diversity gain (DG)
Defective ground structure (DGS)
Fractional bandwidth (FBW)
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
INSAT
Frequency Reconfigurable antenna (FRA)
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO)
mutual coupling
isolation
5G
Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC)

Opis:

This paper demonstrates a low-profile, wide-band, two-element, frequency-reconfigurable MIMO antenna that is suitable for diverse wireless applications of 4G and 5G such as WLAN/Bluetooth (2.4–2.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz, 5.15– 5.35 GHz, and 5.725–5.825 GHz), WiMAX (3.3–3.69 GHz and 5.25–5.85 GHz), Sub6GHz band proposed for 5G (3.4–3.6 GHz, 3.6-3.8GHz and 4.4–4.99 GHz), INSAT and satellite X-band(6 to 9.6 GHz). Proposed MIMO favour effortless switching between multiple bands ranging from 2.2 to 9.4 GHz without causing any interference. Both antenna elements in a MIMO array are made up of a single module comprised of a slot-loaded patch and a defective structured ground. Two PIN diodes are placed in the preset position of the ground defect to achieve frequencyreconfigurable qualities. The suggested MIMO antenna has a size of 62 ×25 ×1.5 mm3. Previous reconfigurable MIMO designs improved isolation using a meander line resonator, faulty ground structures, or self-isolation approaches. To attain the isolation requirements of modern devices, stub approach is introduced in proposed design. Without use of stub, simulated isolation is 15dB. The addition of a stub improved isolation even more. At six resonances, measured isolation is greater than 18 dB, the computed correlation coefficient is below 0.0065, and diversity gain is over 9.8 dB.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 439--448
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 93.

Tytuł:

Polymorphisms variants of the MTHFR C677T and PAI-1 5G/4G genes and their combinations in the group of children with arterial ischemic stroke
Polimorficzne warianty genów MTHFR C667T oraz PAI-1 5G/4G oraz ich kombinacje w grupie dzieci z udarem niedokrwiennym mózgu

Autorzy:

Smulska, Nataliya
Rossokha, Zoia
Fishchuk, Liliya
Gorovenko, Nataliya
Nechai, Alla
Nicolaenko, Iryna
Rysliaieva, Viktotiia
Krasilenko, Iryna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1836019.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Neurologów Dziecięcych

Tematy:

children
arterial ischemic stroke
MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism
PAI-1 gene polymorphism
dzieci
udar niedokrwienny tętnic
polimorfizm genów MTHFR C677T
polimorfizm genów PAI

Opis:

Introduction. Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in childhood is a disorder associated with different predisposing factors, thrombophilia is one of them. We present the study of the MTHFR C677T and PAI-1 5G/4G gene polymorphisms as a possible risk factor for the development of AIS in the group of Ukrainian children. Materials and methods. 77 children from 29 days to 15 years of age were involved in this study: study group - 44 children with AIS, and 33 in a control group. Children enrolled to both groups were at similar age. Results. In the study group there was an increase in the frequency of genotypes 677CT (OR = 2.69) and 677TT, CT + TT genotypes (OR = 3.67) of the MTHFR gene, increased frequency of the 677T allele (OR = 2.57). In the study group detection of 5G/5G + 5G/4G genotypes was higher (OR = 2.82) with statistically predominance of the 5G allele (OR = 2.26) of the gene PAI -1. Higher frequency of the combination of genotypes genes 677CT + 5G/5G was found in the main group. The model of interpreting interactions was built, it allows to predict indirectly the potential intergenic interactions. Conclusions. We conclude that risk of AIS is higher in children with polymorphic variants 677CT and 677TT for the MTHFR gene; the association of polymorphic variants 5G/4G and 5G/5G for the PAI-1 gene with a decrease in the risk of developing AIS; direct interaction with the MTHFR was found for PAI-1, but of weak strength
Wstęp: Udar niedokrwienny (AIS) jest rzadkim schorzeniem wieku dziecięcego, które wiąże się z różnymi czynnikami predysponującymi. Trombofilia jest jedną z ustalonych predyspozycji genetycznych do udaru w populacji pediatrycznej. Cel: Przedstawiamy badanie polimorfizmów genów MHFR C677T i PAI-1 5G / 4G jako potencjalnego czynnika ryzyka rozwoju AIS indywidualnie i łącznie w grupie dzieci ukraińskich. Materiał i metody Badaniem objęto 77 dzieci w wieku od 29 dni do 15 lat: grupa badana - 44 dzieci z AIS oraz grupa kontrolna - 33 dzieci zakwalifikowanych do obu grup znajdowały się w podobnym wieku. Wyniki: W badanej grupie stwierdzono większą częstość genotypów 677CT (OR = 2,69) i 677TT, genotypów CT + TT (OR = 3,67) genu MTHFR oraz większą częstość allelu 677T (OR = 2,57). W analizowanej grupie wykrywalność genotypów 5G / 5G + 5G / 4G była wyższa (OR = 2,82) przy statystycznej przewadze allelu 5G (OR = 2,26) genu PAI -1. Ponadto w analizowanej grupie pacjentów stwierdzono większą częstość kombinacji genotypów 677CT + 5G / 5G w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki badań pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że ryzyko wystąpienia AIS u dzieci jest wyższe w przypadku obecności polimorficznych wariantów 677CT i 677TT dla genu MTHFR; z kolei skojarzenie wariantów polimorficznych 5G / 4G i 5G / 5G dla genu PAI-1 wiąże się ze zmniejszonym ryzykiem rozwoju AIS. Stwierdzono także występowanie bezpośredniej interakcji MTHFR z PAI-1, jednak o małej sile oddziaływania.

Źródło:

Neurologia Dziecięca; 2020, 29, 58; 27-32
1230-3690
2451-1897

Pojawia się w:

Neurologia Dziecięca

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 94.

Tytuł:

Design and Analysis of An Improved AODV Protocol Based on Clustering Approach for Internet of Vehicles (AODV-CD)

Autorzy:

Ebadinezhad, Sahar

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844586.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN

Tematy:

ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing
clustering
internet of vehicles
vehicular ad hoc networks
quality of service
5G wireless networks

Opis:

The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) has become a vital research area in order to enhance passenger and road safety, increasing traffic efficiency and enhanced reliable connectivity. In this regard, for monitoring and controlling the communication between IoVs, routing protocols are deployed. Frequent changes that occur in the topology often leads to major challenges in IoVs, such as dynamic topology changes, shortest routing paths and also scalability. One of the best solutions for such challenges is “clustering”. This study focuses on IoVs’ stability and to create an efficient routing protocol in dynamic environment. In this context, we proposed a novel algorithm called Cluster-based enhanced AODV for IoVs (AODV-CD) to achieve stable and efficient clustering for simplifying routing and ensuring quality of service (QoS). Our proposed protocol enhances the overall network throughput and delivery ratio, with less routing load and less delay compared to AODV. Thus, extensive simulations are carried out in SUMO and NS2 for evaluating the efficiency of the AODV-CD that is superior to the classic AODV and other recent modified AODV algorithms.

Źródło:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 1; 13-22
2300-1933

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 95.

Tytuł:

Precise Measurements of the Hyperfine Structure of the Levels Belonging to the Terms $3d^{5}4s$ $\text{}^{5}G$ and $\text{}^{5}P$ in $Cr(I)$

Autorzy:

Krzykowski, A.
Głowacki, P.
Jarosz, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1419711.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012-07

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN

Tematy:

32.10.Fn

Opis:

The hyperfine structure intervals for the electronic levels belonging to the terms $3 d^5 (\text{}^4G) 4s a^5G$ and $a^5P$ of a chromium 53 atom were precisely measured with the use of the method of atomic beam magnetic resonance detected by laser induced resonance fluorescence. Magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole hyperfine interaction constants (A and B, respectively) for the electronic levels of interest were determined with the accuracy of a few kHz. The high precision of measurements also enabled an estimation of the octupole-coupling constants (C).

Źródło:

Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 122, 1; 78-81
0587-4246
1898-794X

Pojawia się w:

Acta Physica Polonica A

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 96.

Tytuł:

Wojny technologiczne

Autorzy:

Kożuszek, Maciej.

Powiązania:

Gazeta Polska 2019, nr 49, s. 28-30

Data publikacji:

2019

Tematy:

Sieci szerokopasmowe
5G (technologia mobilna)
Telefonia komórkowa
Wpływ na zdrowie ludzi
Artykuł z czasopisma społeczno-politycznego
Artykuł z tygodnika opinii

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

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Skocz do pozycji: 97.

Tytuł:

C-V2X Communications for the Support of a Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) Use Case

Autorzy:

Chochliouros, Ioannis P.
Spiliopoulou, Anastasia S.
Kostopoulos, Alexandros
Agapiou, George
Lazaridis, Pavlos
Zaharis, Zaharias
Chen, Tao
Dardamanis, Athanassios
Kourtis, Michail-Alexandros
Agapiou, Marinos
Herzog, Uwe
Ladid, Latif

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839465.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Tematy:

5G
cellular V2X
cooperative awareness messages
cooperative intersection
cooperative ITS
green light-optimized speed advisory
intelligent transportation systems
traffic efficiency
vehicle-to-everything

Opis:

Rapid expansion of 5G affects a number of sectors, including vehicular communications relying on cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS). More specifically, in the context of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), a particular emphasis is placed on modern cellular V2X (C-V2X) technologies aiming to further improve road safety. This work originates from the detailed scope of the ongoing 5G-DRIVE research project promoting cooperation between the EU and China, with the aim of demonstrating IoV services that rely on vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. With the C-V2X approach serving as a point of departure, we analyze and describe a specific green light-optimized speed advisory (GLOSA) use case, for which we provide a detailed descriptive framework, a proposed architectural framework for trials, as well as specific KPIs for the joint assessment of trials between the EU and China. We also discuss the context for performance test procedures to be conducted as part of the intended trials. GLOSA provides end-users with short-term information on upcoming traffic light status to optimize traffic flows, help prevent speed limit violations, improve fuel efficiency, and reduce pollution.

Źródło:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 93-106
1509-4553
1899-8852

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 98.

Tytuł:

Źródła warszawskiego smogu i kierunki naprawy tej sytuacji w miejscu jej przyczyn
Sources of Warsaw smog and directions of remedying this situation in the place of its causes

Autorzy:

Guranowska-Gruszecka, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084007.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

Tematy:

miasta
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
Warszawa
smog
zrodla zanieczyszczen
zmiany klimatyczne
paleniska domowe
promieniowanie radiofalowe 5G
eliminacja zanieczyszczen
sciany chlonace zanieczyszczenia
chodniki chlonace zanieczyszczenia
dazenie do bezemisyjnosci
sieci transportowe

Opis:

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie źródeł smogu w mieście stołecznym Warszawie na podstawie przeglądu dostępnych badań instytucji sanitarnych z ostatnich lat i autorskich obserwacji zachodzących zjawisk. Przyjęto hipotezę badawczą, że oprócz chemicznych zanieczyszczeń z powietrza na tworzenie się smogu miejskiego istotny wpływ ma też kształtowanie urbanistyki miasta, w tym planowanie układu zabudowy względem systemu zieleni miejskiej, zmotoryzowanego transportu zbiorowego i indywidualnego, infrastruktury technicznej w budynkach oraz stosowanie zasad zarządzania w działaniach inwestycyjnych na większą skalę, co w Polsce jest pomijane. Oprócz analizy współczesnych materiałów źródłowych dotyczących smogu jako nienaturalnego zjawiska współistnienia w atmosferze toksycznych związków chemicznych i pyłów przedstawiono kierunki naprawy tej sytuacji. Powołano się na rozwiązania z innych miast europejskich (np. Gandawa czy Oslo) i porównano je z sytuacją w Warszawie. Zastosowano zatem metody porównawcze z wzorcowymi przykładami (metoda case study), prezentując przykłady zakończone sukcesem udanej ochrony środowiska miejskiego. W części wnioskowej podkreślono wielonurtowe kierunki działań naprawczych, także konieczność stosowania zasad zarządzania w działaniach ochronnych środowiska Warszawy – ważnych dla realizacji założonych celów, a nie stosowanych.

Źródło:

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura; 2020, 19, 4; 89-105
1644-0633

Pojawia się w:

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 99.

Tytuł:

Innowacyjne rozwiązania motorem napędowym rozwoju miast z wykorzystaniem logistyki miejskiej i terminologii „smart City”
Innovative solutions for the motor of urban development using urban logistics and smart city terminology

Autorzy:

Fusek, Filip

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194515.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Tematy:

Smart City
logistyka
Internet of Things
5G
logistyka miejska
innowacje
rozwój
Daleki Wschód
miasto
Smart city
logistics
Internet of things
urban logistics
innovation
development
Far East
city

Opis:

New technologies that are so penetrating into humanity's reality allow for development in practically all possible areas of life. The world of logistics is particularly interested in innovative solutions that influence m.in. Urban development and improving the lives of local communities. The Smart City concept, based on scientific advances in urban logistics, uses many tools to optimise development. Such tools are the Internet of Things (IoT), which is based on the speed of data transmission and their direct accumulation via the KNX electrical system. Short presentations will also require a 5G network to facilitate the lives of inhabitants of large agglomerations. A good understanding of the subject requires the demonstration of how the pioneers of "Smart City" (Far East, Scandinavian countries) operate. The topic of work also imposes a problem on the local market. It is also necessary to mark the need to invest in order to take full advantage of Smart City solutions.

Źródło:

Journal of TransLogistics; 2019, 5, 1; 249-256
2450-5870

Pojawia się w:

Journal of TransLogistics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 100.

Tytuł:

Lepiej inwestować w Polsce niż w Chinach

Autorzy:

Spalding, Robert Stanley (1966- ).

Powiązania:

Gazeta Polska 2020, nr 7, s. 54-57

Współwytwórcy:

Kożuszek, Maciej. Wywiad

Data publikacji:

2020

Tematy:

Komunistyczna Partia Chin
Polityka
Polityka zagraniczna
Cenzura
Epidemie
Koronawirusy
5G (technologia mobilna)
Transplantologia
Artykuł z czasopisma społeczno-politycznego
Artykuł z tygodnika opinii
Wywiad dziennikarski

Opis:

Artykuł porusza tematy m.in. epidemię COVID-19 i reakcję Chin, postęp chińskich badań medycznych, system przymusowego pobierania organów do transplantacji, politykę Komunistycznej Partii Chin, system cenzury i ograniczania wolności czy chińską dominację w sektorze 5G. Zdaniem gen. Roberta Spaldinga celem KPCh jest przejęcie kontroli i wpływów na świecie bez uciekania się do agresji wojskowej, m.in. poprzez obejmowanie stopniowej kontroli nad transportem, infiltrację korporacji i laboratoriów naukowych, obniżanie kosztów działalności własnych przedsiębiorstw kosztem inwestycji zachodnich.

Dostawca treści:

Bibliografia CBW

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