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    Tytuł:
    Can standardisation of the unit costs of wood extraction be applied in the financial system of the State Forests?
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, Janusz
    Jodłowski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2040915.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    wood extraction
    standard costs
    forest districts grouping method
    the State Forests’ financial system
    Opis:
    The paper presents a method for grouping forest districts that are characterised by similar natural and forest conditions and the results of standardisation of wood extraction costs for forest districts and regional directorates of the State Forests. The adopted standard costs referred to the costs which determine the reasonable level of costs necessary to perform a specific management task in the given natural, forest and economic conditions of forest districts. Forest districts were grouped based on the forest habitat types and the land diversity index (Wtri), which were determined with statistical methods to be the factors that shape wood extraction costs. In order to determine the standard unit costs of wood extraction, source materials for the year 2017 have been used, which had been obtained from the State Forests Information System for all forest districts in the country. The method of standardising wood extraction unit costs on the basis of forest district groups with similar natural and forest conditions was reduced in 2017 to the designation of eight uniform forest district groups in terms of forest habitat type structure and Wtri index. Standard unit costs of wood extraction, determined on the basis of the methodology presented in the paper, should be used in the State Forests’ financial system.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2021, 63, 4; 317-329
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optymalizacja zrywki drewna według kryterium minimalizacji pracy transportowej
    Optimization of wood extraction from a clear-cut area according to the minimum transportation labour criterion
    Autorzy:
    Jabłoński, K.
    Stempski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989792.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    zrywka drewna
    optymalizacja
    prace transportowe
    minimalizacja
    programowanie liniowe
    wood extraction
    linear programming
    transportation labour
    Opis:
    The objective of the study was to optimize wood extraction from a clear−cut area to several upper landings located at roads suited for wood haulage in a situation where the room for storing the wood was limited. The optimization process was to divide the clear−cut area into zones, from which the wood assortments should be transported to the different landings, so that the total transportation labour would be minimized. The research was conducted in Oborniki Forest District (western Poland) on a clear−cut area where the harvest of 2027 m³ of wood in four assortments was planned. The optimization method used presented a linear programming problem, which was formulated and solved with the Solver tool, available with a common spreadsheet. The clear−cut area was divided into a number of elementary plots, for which the quantities of the wood to be extracted and distances to the specified landings were determined. Altogether 189 such plots were defined, mostly square in shape and with 20 m long side. Three upper landings for each wood assortment, located at roads accessible to long−distance vehicles were also determined (fig. 1). The minimization of the transport labour needed for the extraction of different wood assortments was set as the criterion for the objective function. The results of the calculations, after putting them on the forest clear−cut area map (fig. 2), provided information about parts of the clear−cut area to which the wood should be extracted to. As it was expected, in the majority of cases, the model directed the wood to the landings, which were the closest, but in case of one assortment, the wood was directed to the landing located a bit further away than to the closest one. The model enabled to minimize the transportation labour spent on wood extraction from the clear−cut area. The calculations did not require any specific applications, enabling users of commonly available spreadsheets, equipped with a Solver tool to perform such calculations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 07; 540-548
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie programowania liniowego do optymalizacji zrywki drewna w trzebieżach
    Application of the linear programming to optimizing wood extraction in thinnings
    Autorzy:
    Jabłoński, K.
    Stempski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989674.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    trzebieze
    zrywka drewna
    skladnice drewna
    lokalizacja
    optymalizacja
    programowanie liniowe
    linear programming
    simplex algorithm
    wood extraction
    Opis:
    Improvement cuttings conducted simultaneously on a few closely located areas, often face problems about how to prepare places that would serve as temporary landings for the harvested wood. This results from insufficient wood storing space in the forest and limited accessibility of the road network to wood hauling trucks, and leads to solutions, suggesting where small landings at tree−stand edge must be established, often in places rather distant form the thinning plots. When the wood is harvested on several thinning plots and should be transported to several small landings, a problem appears, where (i.e. to which landing) should the wood from a particular thinning plot be sent. The paper presents a model to solve this problem using the simplex algorithm, which is used in linear programming, a method applied in operations research. The wood was sourced from 15 thinning plots and 11 wood landings were located. In the model, the objective function presented total transportation work, to be spent on the wood extraction. The objective function was minimized. The problem was set up on the Excel spreadsheet and then resolved with the solver application. The model enabled to direct the harvested wood from different thinning plots to different landings in an optimal way. The results enabled to design the optimal wood extraction routes and to determine the allowable changes in the amounts of wood harvested from each thinning plot, which would not change the optimal solution. The model enabled also to calculate the minimum amount of transportation work, which would be spent during the optimized transportation of wood form particular thinning plots to particular wood landings.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 01; 3-10
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of polysaccharides content in fruit bodies and their antimicrobial activity of four Ganoderma lucidum (W Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. strains cultivated on different wood type substrates
    Autorzy:
    Skalicka-Wozniak, K.
    Szypowski, J.
    Los, R.
    Siwulski, M.
    Sobieralski, K.
    Glowniak, K.
    Malm, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59103.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    polysaccharide content
    fruit body
    antimicrobial activity
    Ganoderma lucidum
    mushroom
    wood
    substrate type
    extraction
    antibacterial activity
    Opis:
    Quantitative determination of polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies from different sawdust cultivation substrates and their antibacterial activity was done. Thirty six samples were analyzed. Four strains of Ganoderma lucidum (GL01, GL02, GL03 and GL04) were cultivated on the growth substrates of three different sawdust types: birch (Bo), maple (Kl) or alder (Ol) amended with wheat bran in three different concentrations: 10, 20 and 30% (w/w). Even though the richest in polysaccharides was GL01 strain, the highest yields of the polysaccharides were determined in GL04Kl3 sample and was 112.82 mg/g of dry weight. The antibacterial activity of polysaccharides was determined in vitro using micro-dilution broth method. The panel of eight reference bacterial strains was used. All the polysaccharide samples tested showed the broad spectrum and the moderate antibacterial activity. Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 strain was the most sensitive with MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) = 0.63 − 1.25 mg/mL.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2012, 81, 1
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zabytkowa wyłuszczarnia nasion w nadleśnictwie Czarna Białostocka : wpływ technologii na formę obiektu
    Historical buildings of pine cone seeds extraction plant in Czarna Bialostocka : the impact of technology on the form of the object
    Autorzy:
    Misiuk, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398191.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Tematy:
    wyłuszczarnia nasion
    przemysł leśny
    budownictwo drewniane
    technologia leśna
    extraction
    seeds
    forest industry
    wood construction
    forest technology
    Opis:
    Gospodarcze wykorzystanie Puszczy Knyszyńskiej nie ogranicza się tylko do eksploatacji lasu i jego surowców. Pozyskanie drewna i dalszy jego przerób jest tylko jednym z wielu aspektów planowanej gospodarki leśnej. Nie mniej ważne pozostaje odtworzenie areału, zagospodarowanie nieużytków, a także ogólne zwiększenie poziomu zalesienia. Do realizacji powierzonych zadań niezbędna jest odpowiednia infrastruktura techniczna. Ciekawymi przykładami obiektów przemysłowych związanych z gospodarką leśną są wyłuszczarnie nasion. Do naszych czasów na terenie kraju przetrwało ich kilkanaście, a wśród nich znajduje się zabytkowy już zespół budynków magazynowych i wyłuszczarni w Nadleśnictwie Czarna Białostocka. Jest on wzorcowym przykładem podporządkowania wszystkich rozwiązań projektowych funkcji, jaką pełnią. Technologia magazynowania i pozyskiwania nasion miała decydujący wpływ na formę, rozwiązania konstrukcyjne, budowlane oraz użyte materiały. Przemyślane założenia sprawdzały się przez szereg dziesięcioleci, ale postęp techniczny wymusił zastosowanie nowszych i wydajniejszych metod produkcji. Realizacja nowego zakładu w zmienionej lokalizacji pozwoliła na zachowanie istniejących nieużytkowanych budynków w stanie pierwotnym. Wysokie walory architektoniczno-budowlane starej wyłuszczarni i magazynów zadecydowały, że zostały one odremontowane i przystosowane do nowej funkcji – potrzeb wielofunkcyjnej, zrównoważonej turystyki na terenie Puszczy Knyszyńskiej.
    Economic use of Knyszynska Forest is not limited only to the exploitation of its resources. Timber harvesting and further processing is only one of many aspects of the planned forest management. No less important is a general increase in the level of afforestation. To perform those tasks, appropriate technical infrastructure is needed. Interesting examples of forest industry buildings are pine cone seeds extraction plants. Up to now only over a dozen of them survived in Poland. Among them is a historic complex of warehouse buildings and pine cone seeds extraction plant in Czarna Bialostocka. It is a prime example of the subordination of all design solutions for the function of the building. Technology of storage and extracting seeds have had a decisive impact on the form, design solutions, equipment and materials used in these type of construction. Thoughtful assumptions worked well for a number of decades, but technological progress has forced the use of newer and more efficient production methods. Implementation of a new plant in the other location has allowed the preservation of the existing unused buildings in their original state. High values of the old warehouse buildings and pine cone seeds extraction plant in Czarna Bialostocka, decided that they were renovated and adapted to its new use - the needs of multifunctional, sustainable tourism in Knyszynska Forest.
    Źródło:
    Architecturae et Artibus; 2014, 6, 4; 50-61
    2080-9638
    Pojawia się w:
    Architecturae et Artibus
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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