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Tytuł:
Do individual wisdom concepts depend on value?
Autorzy:
Kałużna-Wielobób, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
wisdom
values
popular wisdom concepts
Opis:
Psychological wisdom concepts were reviewed. 304 people aged 18-85 were tested with use of a questionnaire aimed at learning individual (popular) wisdom concepts. Popular wisdom concepts take into account broad declarative and procedural knowledge, life experience of a person and the features of his/her character. Explicitly, under a half of respondents take the following wisdom criteria into account (also acknowledged by the psychological concepts): balancing own profits with concern for others and relation to existential problems, such as sense and direction of life. The respondents lack the consciousness that wisdom is associated with: acting for common (global) good, deep and conscious reflection of value system (consciousness of subjective value system relativity, reflecting on the issue of objective values), the consciousness of limited nature of knowledge and logical thinking and developing relativistic and dialectic thinking. 5 clusters were differentiated, representing popular wisdom concept types. In order to verify the hypothesis about the connection between popular wisdom concepts and the value system of the research participants, value questionnaires were used: Scheler’s (SWS) and Schwarz’s Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ). The hypothesis was confirmed. Popular wisdom concepts (what people consider to be wisdom) are connected with values appreciated by them.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 2; 112-127
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS)
Autorzy:
Steuden, Stanisława
Brudek, Paweł
Izdebski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-06
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
wisdom
Polish adaptation
Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale
Opis:
The article outlines the results of academic endeavors to develop a Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). The results obtained using the Polish version are comparable to those obtained using the original research instrument, which proves that the Polish 3D-WS can be successfully used for research purposes. The Polish adaptation consists of 39 items covering four dimensions: Cognitive, Affective, Self-Awareness, and Empathic. The scale testing procedure involved a research sample consisting of 475 people. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .83 for the entire scale and oscillated between .64 and .77 for the subscales. Over the course of the study, it turned out that some subscales of the Polish 3D-WS can be influenced by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and education.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2016, 19, 4; 769-792
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zdobycie mądrości według Syracha (Syr 6,18-37). Część II: Poddanie się mądrości i jego skutki (Syr 6,23-31)
The Acquisition of Wisdom According to Sirach (Sir 6:18-37). Part II: Yielding to Wisdom and its Effects (Sir 6:23-31)
Autorzy:
Piwowar, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051353.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-11-24
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
wisdom
acquisition of wisdom
yielding to wisdom
Sir 6
23-31
18-37.
Opis:
The second part of Sir 6:18-37 (vv. 23-31) is a continuation of the pericope’s first part (vv. 18-22). Unlike the first part devoted to wisdom formation, however, the second part focuses on yielding to wisdom and its consequences. Sir 6:23-31 may be divided into three sections. The first one (vv. 23-25) is characterized by the deployment of images connected with servitude, the second one (vv. 26-28) employs the imagery of hunting, whilst the third section (vv. 29-31) returns to the slavery imagery of part one. The second part of Sir 6:18-37 thus has a concentric structure with vv. 6:26-28 as its centre. The fragments framing the central part evince the development of the sage’s thought: while section one (vv. 23-25) concentrates only on yielding to wisdom, of giving up on personal freedom and of the hardships the search for wisdom entails, section three in its allusions to section one depicts the glorious future awaiting those willing to make an effort to acquire wisdom.To acquire wisdom, it is necessary to yield to it fully, the way a slave does to his master. A failure to do so prevents one from the acquisition of wisdom. The second prerequisite is a persistent search for wisdom that should encompass all spheres of life. The sage also indicates the fruits the search for wisdom brings, which include rest, joy, and happiness that wisdom imparts to all those that attain it. In the concluding section Sirach presents the highest distinctions available to those who make an effort and acquire wisdom. 
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 2015, 5, 2; 319-349
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Duch i mądrość w Księdze Mądrości
Autorzy:
Kondracki, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177908.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
duch
mądrość
Księga Mądrości
spirit
wisdom
Wisdom of Solomon
Opis:
The Book of Wisdom uses a rich biblical Tradition concerning the personified Wisdom and the Spirit of God as a real presence of God among His creatures. Wisdom and Spirit as realities descending from God, and depending on Him, have their own self-existence. The author of the Book of Wisdom identifies Wisdom and Spirit on the cosmical level as the presence of God in the World, and on the anthropological level as the God’s factor acting inside of human being. Based on the previous biblical approaches of these two terms, Pseudo-Solomon concludes that Wisdom and Spirit are both the principium of moral human behavior. He points at the cosmical activity of the both and their renovating presence in human being and in the World.
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 1999, 46, 1; 45-61
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wisdom quotient as a basic index of human cognitive categories and wisdom attributes
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, Henryk
Targowski, Andrew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
human wisdom definitions
cognitive levels
wisdom attributes
relation analysis
intelligence and wisdom quotients
success quotients
Opis:
Various understanding of human wisdom is discussed, from common-sense approaches through cognitive considerations to scientific analysis. The main cognitive levels are considered such as: filtering the available information about the appearing situation, comprehensive assessment of the situation, awareness of the consequences about the existing situation and reaction to the existing situation. The basic set of essential attributes like knowledge, skills, and inspirations are also analyzed. Based on these considerations some relations between cognitive levels and wisdom attributes are presented. It leads to a definition of the wisdom quotient which is a representative measure of human wisdom behaviors. Some representative cases of such behavior are specified and discussed as human attitudes. It is also shown how computer science approaches can support calculation of some wisdom indexes and, in consequence, allow understanding human wisdom.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2022, 26, 1; 48-74
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Wisdom Encomium and Its Persuasive Function in the Book of Wisdom
Autorzy:
Muszytowska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2029023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Wisdom of Solomon
encomium
praise of wisdom
epideictic rhetoric
deliberative rhetoric
Opis:
The Book of Wisdom is considered a coherent text characterised by genre syncretism. This article aims to examine the praise of wisdom in the Book of Wisdom for its persuasive functions. The encomium was used in the analysis as a typical genre of epideictic rhetoric. The text of the praise was analysed from the perspective of the features distinguishing this genre and determining its underlying structure. The analysis led to the conclusion that the author used the possibilities of the genre to teach the recipients what wisdom they should seek and to encourage them to take actions to achieve it. The encomium in the Book of Wisdom was subordinated to advisory rhetoric and is an essential element in the work’s structure.
Źródło:
Collectanea Theologica; 2021, 91, 5; 31-61
0137-6985
2720-1481
Pojawia się w:
Collectanea Theologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychologiczne koncepcje mądrości
Psychological Concepts of Wisdom
Autorzy:
Kałużna-Wielobób, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:
mądrość
rozwój człowieka dorosłego
koncepcje mądrości
wisdom
adult development
wisdom concepts
Opis:
Dokonano przeglądu psychologicznych koncepcji mądrości. Koncepcje C.G. Junga i E. Eriksona ujmują mądrość jako finalne stadium rozwoju osobowości, przejawiające się integracją i nadaniem życiu sensu. Mądrość ujmowano również jako najwyższe stadium rozwoju poznawczego: rozwinięcie myślenia relatywistycznego i dialektycznego (Riegel 1973; Kramer 2003; Labouvie-Vief 1982). Według modelu wiedzy eksperckiej zespołu P.B. Baltesa (Baltes, Staudinger 1995) mądrość obejmuje bogatą wiedzę deklaratywną i proceduralną oraz świadomość ich ograniczoności, odniesienie do sensu życia, kierowanie życiem i rozwojem, uwzględniając dobro osobiste i powszechne, odniesienie do wartości i tolerancję oraz cnoty charakteru przejawiające się w działaniu (Baltes, Glück, Kunzmann 2004). R.J. Sternberg definiuje mądrość jako zastosowanie ukrytej oraz jawnej wiedzy dla wspólnego pożytku, przez: równoważenie interesów osobistych, interpersonalnych i pozaosobowych, w krótkim i długim okresie oraz adaptację, modyfikację i zmianę środowiska (Sternberg 2001). M. Straś-Romanowska (2011) zwraca uwagę na duchowy aspekt mądrości. Możemy mówić o różnych sposobach „istnienia” mądrości: 1) mądrość jako ideał, 2) mądrość jako jakość, którą człowiek może nabywać w rozwoju, 3) mądrość jako fenomen obecny w potocznych wyobrażeniach.
Psychological concepts of wisdom were reviewed in the article. C.G. Jung and E. Erikson’s concepts describe wisdom as the final stage of personality development, manifesting itself in integration and making life meaningful. Wisdom was also described as the highest stage of cognitive development: developing relativist and dialectic thinking (Riegel 1973; Kramer 2003; Labouvie-Vief 1982). According to the expert knowledge model of P.B. Baltes’ team (Baltes and Staudinger, 1995), wisdom encompasses rich declarative and procedural knowledge, the consciousness of their limitations, a reference to the sense of life, managing life and development taking into account personal and common good, relating to values, tolerance and virtues of character that manifest in actions (Baltes et al. 2004). R.J. Sternberg defines wisdom as the use of secret and explicit knowledge for common benefit by balancing personal, interpersonal and non-personal interest, both short and long-term, together with environment adaptation, modification and change (Sternberg, 2001). M. Straś-Romanowska (2011) draws our attention to the spiritual aspect of wisdom. We can talk about different ways, in which wisdom “exists”: 1) wisdom as perfection, 2) wisdom as a quality, that can be acquired by the man during development, 3) wisdom as a phenomenon present in common imagination.
Źródło:
Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja; 2014, 17, 4(68); 63-79
1505-8808
2450-3428
Pojawia się w:
Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wise functioning and coping strategies in adolescents: Age as an intervening variable
Autorzy:
Małgorzata, Szcześniak
Wojciech, Rodzeń
Agnieszka, Malinowska
Laura, Kaliczyńska
Świątek, Agata H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-14
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
wisdom
coping strategies
adolescents
Opis:
As we know relatively little about the development of wisdom in youth, the following study was designed to examine whether and how wise functioning would predict coping strategies in adolescents. As layperson’s implicit theories of wisdom suggest that wisdom varies by age, we wanted to see if and how age might correlate with wisdom, and examine the role of age as a mediator between wisdom and coping. Consequently, this article provides some initial evidence indicating that wise thinking, behaving, and age are related to coping strategies. It seems that wise individuals act when confronted with adversity and obstacles, focusing on the benefits that follow from stressful events. At the same time, they try to avoid using responses that are commonly considered less adaptive or immature: denial or substance use. These choices may be related to the equilibrium between knowledge and doubt that is believed to be the core of wisdom. Therefore, being wise lies not in what is known, but rather in the way in which the knowledge is used in everyday life and experienced as time passes by.
Źródło:
Psychologia Wychowawcza; 2018, 55(13); 104-120
0033-2860
Pojawia się w:
Psychologia Wychowawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenie nauką bez cywilizacji: od wiedzy do mądrości
THE MENACE OF SCIENCE WITHOUT CIVILIZATION: FROM KNOWLEDGE TO WISDOM
Autorzy:
Maxwell, Nicholas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/577652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
SCIENCE
CIVILIZATION
KNOWLEDGE
WISDOM
Opis:
We are in a state of impending crisis. And the fault lies in part with academia. For two centuries or so, academia has been devoted to the pursuit of knowledge and technological know-how. This has enormously increased our power to act which has, in turn, brought us both all the great benefits of the modern world and the crises we now face. Modern science and technology have made possible modern industry and agriculture, the explosive growth of the world’s population, global warming, modern armaments and the lethal character of modern warfare, destruction of natural habitats and rapid extinction of species, immense inequalities of wealth and power across the globe, pollution of earth, sea and air, even the AIDS epidemic (AIDS being spread by modern travel). All these global problems have arisen because some of us have acquired unprecedented powers to act, via science and technology, without also acquiring the capacity to act wisely. We urgently need to bring about a revolution in universities so that the basic intellectual aim becomes, not knowledge merely, but rather wisdom – wisdom being the capacity to realize what is of value in life, for oneself and others, thus including knowledge and technological know-how, but much else besides. The revolution we require would put problems of living at the heart of the academic enterprise, the pursuit of knowledge emerging out of, and feeding back into, the fundamental intellectual activity of proposing and critically assessing possible actions, policies, political programmes, from the standpoint of their capacity to help solve problems of living. This revolution would affect almost every branch and aspect of academic inquiry.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa; 2011, 47, 3(189); 269-295
0044-1619
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weisheit vs. Lebensweisheit – mit einem Seitenblick auf Schopenhauer
Wisdom vs. lebensweisheit – with a side glance at Schopenhauer
Autorzy:
Birnbacher, Dieter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/665995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Schopenhauer
die Weisheit
wisdom
Opis:
An increasingly complex and intransparent world makes for an increasing demand for trustworthy orientation. Thence the increasing demand for wisdom. What is wisdom? Wisdom primarily depends on the independence ascribed to a person or institution, but that does not imply that the notion of wisdom is amenable to an explicit definition. It is proposed to construct it as a cluster concept with cognitive, psychological and moral elements. The difference then becomes apparent between wisdom and lebensweisheit. The latter corresponds to prudence as understood by Epicurus and, in the same tradition, Schopenhauer, and lacks the moral elements essential to wisdom. In conclusion, the question is asked how far Schopenhauer, one of the most popular teachers of lebensweisheit in modern times, can be qualified as wise. This question is given a skeptical answer. Schopenhauer meets many, but not all conditions necessary for wisdom.
Weisheit wird gesucht, weil in einer zunehmend komplexer und intransparenter werdenden Welt Vertrauenswürdigkeit gesucht wird. Vertrauenswürdigkeit ist ihrerseits abhängig von der der jeweiligen Person oder Institution zugeschriebenen Unabhängigkeit. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass sich der Begriff der Weisheit einer expliziten Definition entzieht und als Clusterbegriff mit teils kognitiven, teils psychologischen, teils moralischen Elementen gefasst werden sollte. Durch die letzteren Elemente unterscheidet sich Weisheit wesentlich von Lebensweisheit, wie sie Epikur und in seiner Nachfolge Schopenhauer verstehen. Sie sind für den „weisen Richter” charakteristischer als für den „weisen Ratgeber”. Die Frage, wie weit Schopenhauer, einer der meistgelesenen modernen Weisheitslehrer, selbst als weise gelten kann, wird am Ende skeptisch beantwortet: Schopenhauer erfüllte viele, aber nicht alle Bedingungen, die an Weisheit zu stellen sind.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica; 2018, 32; 101-113
0208-6107
2353-9631
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uniwersytet w czasach marnych
Autorzy:
Tadeusz, Gadacz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/892144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
university
education
humanitarianism
wisdom
Opis:
In the article I show the link between the crisis of the contemporary university and the crisis of the European humanity. It is expressed by an imbalance between the material and the spiritual dimensions of life and the domination of the hedonic, utilitarian and vital value above the aesthetic, moral and intellectual values. However, in science it is expressed in the shaping for the 19th century domination of science over the humanities. Its effect is to displace the theory in Greek meaning, understood as the admiration for the truth, goodness and beauty, by the theory understood as a useful scientific hypothesis. Crowding out of education, understood as the acquisition of human competency, through the education understood as equipping entities of the work in practical competence. In the article I put a postulate that the university should again become a space of free thought, independent of the pressures of politics and the economy. It should free itself from the bureaucratic yoke and regain the confidence to be able to give a full, universal education.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2016, 61(3 (241)); 35-47
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwijanie mądrości a podstawa programowa wychowania przedszkolnego
The core curriculum of preschool education in the light of Teaching for Wisdom
Autorzy:
Płóciennik, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
teaching for wisdom
preschool education
Opis:
The author would like to draw the reader’s attention to the need to introduce Teaching for Wisdom into Polish education under the current core curriculum. The analysis of the records in the core curriculum of preschool education is an example here. Their interpretation in the light of the teaching for wisdom objectives can help Polish teachers to organize conditions in order to support the development of wisdom, at pre-school age.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2016, 33, 2; 181-192
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zdobycie mądrości według Syracha (Syr 6,18-37). Część I: Przyjęcie wychowania prowadzi do osiągnięcia mądrości (Syr 6,18-22)
The Acquisition of Wisdom according to Sirach (Sir 6:18-37). Part I: Receiving Education as a Way to Acquire Wisdom (Sir 6:18-22)
Autorzy:
Piwowar, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-11-23
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
The Book of Sirach
wisdom
acquisition of wisdom
Sir 6
18-37
18-22
Opis:
The main subject of Sir 6:18-37 is acquisition of wisdom. The pericopemay be divided into three parts: vv. 18-22 present the prerequisite for the acquisition of wisdom, namely undergoing wisdom formation; vv. 23-31 deal with one’s submission to wisdom, while the last fragment (vv. 32-37) focuses on the means necessary to obtain wisdom. The present article constitutes an analysis of the first part of Sir 6:18-37, that is Sir 6:18-22. Two sections may be distinguished within this excerpt - in the first one (vv. 18-19) the sage makes use of agricultural imagery to encourage his disciple to make a patient effort to seek wisdom, since the acquisition of wisdom is a long-lasting process that requires a lot of discipline (the process spans a person’s whole life; cf. Sir 6:18). The author emphasizes, however, that those who seek wisdom and undergo wisdom formation will soon be able to take advantage of its fruit. In the second section (vv. 20-22) the author describes a person who refuses to undergo wisdom formation as uneducated (cf. 6:20a) and devoid of intellectual abilities (literally, heartless; cf.6:20b). Lacking patience, such a person refuses to make an effort to receive wisdom education and rejects wisdom altogether. Thus, they will never become wise. Even though wisdom is the province of the few only (cf. 6:22), it is accessible to anyone, regardless of the person’s origin, social status or other external conditions. There is, however, one vital prerequisite, namely, a person’s inner attitude or disposition, their willingness to make an effort and their patience. Only few people fulfil these conditions and acquire wisdom.
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 2015, 5, 1; 111-135
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O racjonalnym wykorzystaniu internetu w edukacji
On the rational use of the Internet in education
Autorzy:
Morbitzer, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
education
Internet
competences
wisdom
development
Opis:
The Internet has become one of the most important educational tools today. However, research shows that it is often used without the necessary reflection, as an easily accessible source of information instead of being a tool for intellectual development. This article presents new opportunities offered by the Internet and new competences that are necessary to fully use the Internet’s potential in education. These competences are mostly intellectual and axiological, not technical.
Źródło:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2018, 23; 13-28
2300-391X
Pojawia się w:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postęp, pycha, pokora: Ksenofanes z Kolofonu a Hezjod
Autorzy:
Kubok, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/665195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
progress
hubris
humbleness
wisdom
criticism
Opis:
There is a broadly shared belief among historians according to which the ideas of Xenophanes of Colophon (and especially fragment B 18 in Diels Kranz) should be understood as the earliest expression of the idea of progress, a belief in possibility of discovering possibilities of betterment. On the other hand, Hesiod’s story of five generations is usually recognized as a model example of quite the opposite thesis, stressing regress, the fall of humanity. This contradiction is highlighted by the fact that Xenophanes criticises the views on gods from Homer’s and Hesiod’s writings. In this paper I analyse Works and Days by Hesiod as well as remaining fragments of Xenophon’s writings. It seems that Hesiod is first of all interested in diagnosis of the sources of human misery and suffering, and not in describing some historical process of degradation of man. Contrary to this, Xenophanes develops a philosophical framework mostly consisting of epistemological reflection that calls for rejection of the hubris of reason which coincides with hasty and dogmatic judgement of both gods and the world itself. The two thinkers agree that the human fortune, however dependent on gods-established necessity, lays to a degree in man’s own hands thanks to humbleness, piety and wisdom. Thus, their standpoints are not contradictory in historical philosophical perspective, quite the opposite, they agree in belief in progress, in betterment.
Źródło:
Folia Philosophica; 2014, 32
1231-0913
2353-9445
Pojawia się w:
Folia Philosophica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 205

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