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Wyszukujesz frazę "tracking control" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Ship trajectory tracking control system design based on sliding mode control algorithm
Autorzy:
Liu, Y.
Bu, R.
Gao, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
LOS
ship trajectory
tracking control system
sliding mode control
Opis:
The paper reports the design and tests of the planar autopilot navigation system in the three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) plane (surge, sway and yaw) for a ship. The aim of the tests was to check the improved maneuverability of the ship in open waters using the improved nonlinear control algorithm, developed based on the sliding mode control theory for the ship-trajectory tracking problem of under-actuated ships with static constraints, actuator saturation, and parametric uncertainties. With the integration of the simple increment feedback control law, the dynamic control strategy was developed to fulfill the under-actuated tracking and stabilization objectives. In addition, the LOS (line of sight) guidance system was applied to control the motion path, whereas the sliding mode controller was used to emulate the rudder angle and propeller rotational speed control. Firstly, simulation tests were performed to verify the validity of the basic model and the tracking control algorithm. Subsequently, full scale maneuverability tests were done with a novel container ship, equipped with trajectory tracking control and sliding mode controller algorithm, to check the dynamic stability performance of the ship. The results of the theoretical and numerical simulation on a training ship verify the invariability and excellent robustness of the proposed controller, which: effectively eliminates system chattering, solves the problem of lateral drift of the ship, and maintains the following of the trajectory while simultaneously achieving global stability and robustness.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 3; 26-34
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Robust H∞ fuzzy approach design via Takagi‐Sugeno descriptor model. application for 2‐DOF serial manipulator tracking control
Autorzy:
Thi, Van Anh Nguyen
Pham, Duc Binh
Nguyen, Danh Huy
Nguyen, Tung Lam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
tracking control
serial manipulator robot
fuzzy control
Takagi-Sugeno
Lyapunov stability
Opis:
This paper focuses on trajectory tracking control for ro‐ bot manipulators. While much research has been done on this issue, many other aspects of this field have not been fully addressed. Here, we present a new solution using feedforward controller to eliminate parametric uncer‐ tainties and unknown disturbances. The Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy descriptor system (TSFDS) is chosen to describe the dynamic characteristics of the robot. The combination of this fuzzy system and the robust H∞ performance makes the system almost isolated from external factors. The li‐ near matrix inequalities based on the theory of Lyapunov stability is considered for control design. The proposed method has proven its effectiveness through simulation results.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2022, 16, 3; 22--29
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neural Network Identifier of a Four-wheeled Mobile Robot Subject to Wheel Slip
Autorzy:
Hendzel, Z
Trojnacki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384453.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
mobile robot
tracking control
wheels’ slip
neural network
Lyapunov stability
Opis:
The paper presents a sequential neural network (NN) identification scheme for the four-wheeled mobile robot subject to wheel slip. The sequential identification scheme, different from conventional methods of optimization of a cost function, attempts to ensure stability of the overall system while the neural network learns the nonlinearities of the mobile robot. An on-line weight learning algorithm is developed to adjust the weights so that the identified model can adapt to variations of the characteristics and operating points in the four-wheeled mobile robot. The proposed identification system that can guarantee stability is derived from the Lyapunov stability theory. Computer simulations have been conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed solution by a series of experiments on the emulator of the wheeled mobile robot.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2014, 8, 4; 24-30
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical model of stabilising and tracking control system in main battle TANK5
Autorzy:
Papliński, K. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
main battle tank
stabilising and tracking control system
tank gun stabiliser
Opis:
The tank gun stabiliser is an electro-hydraulic control system which makes possible aiming at a target, tracking of a target and stabilise of a given gun angular position. The two-axial stabiliser consists of two separate control systems to stabilise the gun in elevation and the turret (with gun) in azimuth. The aim of researches was to identify all functional blocks of tank gun elevation stabiliser 2E28M (installed in tanks T-72 and PT-91 Twardy) in order to build mathematical model of the system. After detailed analysis of construction and work principles, schematic of 2E28M hydro-mechanical powered mounting, showing number of energy conversion were worked out. Stabiliser has been divided into appropriate functional parts and functional scheme of investigated system were build. Afterwards, static and dynamic characteristics of functional parts of the system were determined. On the basis of obtained characteristics and based on the knowledge about the system feedbacks, structural scheme and mathematical model of foregoing stabiliser were derived. On the basis of the mathematical model, the algorithm and the computer program were worked - out. Making use of the Matlab-Simulink program, one worked-up the scheme for numerical computation. The mathematical model and its numerical implementation have been experimentally verified.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 425-431
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical model of stabilising and tracking control system in main battle tank
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Papliński, K. M.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
main battle tank
stabilising and tracking control system
tank gun stabiliser
Opis:
The aim of this researches was to identify all functional blocks of tank gun stabiliser 2E28M (installed in tanks T-72 and PT-91 Twardy) in order to build mathematical model of the system. The tank gun stabiliser is an electro-hydraulic control system, which makes possible aiming at a target, tracking of a target and stabilise of a given gun and turret angular position. The two-axial stabiliser consists of two separate control systems to stabilise the gun in elevation and the turret (with gun) in azimuth. After detailed analysis of construction and work principles, functional schemes of investigated systems were build. Afterwards, static and dynamic characteristics of functional parts of the system were determined. Because of obtained characteristics and based on the knowledge about the system feedbacks, structural schemes and mathematical models of foregoing stabiliser were derived. The results of numerical computations were compared with the existing results of experimental tests carried-out on a real plant. The results of experimental and model simulation investigations showed that the mathematical model and its numerical implementation were correctly developed.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 43-52
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model testing of stabilising and tracking control system in main battle tank
Autorzy:
Papliński, K. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242585.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
main battle tank
stabilising and tracking control system
tank gun stabiliser
model testing
Opis:
The subject of discussion is a tank gun stabiliser (in azimuth and elevation). For the investigation of the considered control system one applied a method of computer simulations. The mathematical model and its numerical implementation were experimentally verified. The results of experimental and model simulation investigations showed that the mathematical model and its numerical implementation were worked-out correctly. Using the verified mathematical model of the system, the simulation investigations of the influence of regulation potentiometers settlings on stabilisation exactness and transient processes quality were carried-out. The possibilities of improving performance characteristics of the stabiliser via altering of feedback’s gain coefficients as well as the influence of disturbing inputs amplitude and frequency (propagated from the hull on the gun and turret) on stabilisation exactness of a given position were also analysed. The presented technique is quite general and may be applied to any type of vehicle to study dynamic effects of several rigid bodies, which move relative to each other (when displacements are small) and are connected by constraint equations.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 221-226
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obstacle avoidance method of autonomous vehicle based on fusion improved A*APF algorithm
Autorzy:
Qian, Yubin
Sun, Hongtao
Feng, Song
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
obstacle avoidance
path planning
fuzzy control
tracking control
unikanie przeszkód
planowanie ścieżki
kontroler rozmyty
kontroler śledzenia
Opis:
This paper proposes an autonomous obstacle avoidance method combining improved A-star (A*) and improved artificial potential field (APF) to solve the planning and tracking problems of autonomous vehicles in a road environment. The A*APF algorithm to perform path planning tasks, and based on the longitudinal braking distance model, a dynamically changing obstacle influence range is designed. When there is no obstacle affecting the controlled vehicle, the improved A* algorithm with angle constraint combined with steering cost can quickly generate the optimal route and reduce turning points. If the controlled vehicle enters the influence domain of obstacle, the improved artificial potential field algorithm will generate lane changing paths and optimize the local optimal locations based on simulated annealing. Pondering the influence of surrounding participants, the four-mode obstacle avoidance process is established, and the corresponding safe distance condition is analyzed. A particular index is introduced to comprehensively evaluate speed, risk warning, and safe distance factors, so the proposed method is designed based on the fuzzy control theory. In the tracking task, a model predictive controller in the light of the kinematics model is devised to make the longitudinal and lateral process of lane changing meet comfort requirements, generating a feasible autonomous lane-change path. Finally, the simulation was performed in the Matlab/Simulink and Carsim combined environment. The proposed fusion path generation algorithm can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional single method and better adapt to the dynamic environment. The feasibility of the obstacle avoidance algorithm is verified in the three-lane simulation scenario to meet safety and comfort requirements.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2023, 71, 2; art. no. e144624
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of a drone: study and analysis of the robustness
Autorzy:
Zemalache, K. M.
Beji, L.
Maaref, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
self-tunable fuzzy interference system
static feedback linearization controller
tracking control
dynamic systems
drone
Opis:
The work describes an automatically on-line Self-Tunnable Fuzzy Interference Systems (STFIS) of a new configuration of mini-flying called XSF (X4 Stationary Flyer) drone. A Fuzzy controller based on-line optimization of a zero order Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy interference system (FIS) by a back propagation like algorithm is successfully applied. It is used to minimize a cost function that is made up of a quadratic error term and a weight decay term that prevents an excessive growth of parameters. Thus, we carried out control for helical trajectories by using the STFIS technique. This permits to prove the effectiveness of the proposed control law. Simulation results and a comparison with a Static Feedback Linearization controller (SFL) are presented and discussed. We studied the robustness of the two used controllers in the presence of disturbances. We presented the case of an engine breakdown as well as a gust of wind and taking into account white noise disturbances.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2008, 2, 1; 33-42
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tracking control for a cascade perturbed control system using the active disturbance rejection paradigm
Autorzy:
Patelski, Radosław
Pazderski, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
active disturbance rejection
cascade control systems
stability of perturbed systems
high-precision tracking control
control of astronomical mounts
Opis:
In this paper the stability of a closed-loop cascade control system in the trajectory tracking task is addressed. The considered plant consists of underlying second-order fully actuated perturbed dynamics and the first order system which describes dynamics of the input. The main theoretical result establishes the conditions for Lyapunov stability formulated for the perturbed cascade control structure taking advantage of the active rejection disturbance approach. In particular, limitations imposed on a feasible set of an observer bandwidth are discussed. In order to illustrate characteristics of the closed-loop control system simulation results are presented. Furthermore, the particular implementation of the cascade control algorithm is verified experimentally using a two-axis telescope mount. The obtained results confirm that the considered control strategy can be efficiently applied for a class of mechanical systems when a high position tracking precision is required.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2019, 29, 2; 378-408
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
System stabilizacji piłki na ruchomej platformie
The Stabilization System of a Ball on Mobile Platform
Autorzy:
Banach, Michał
Piotrowski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
ruchoma platforma
projektowanie
automatyka
mechatronika
nadążny układ regulacji
mobile platform
designing
automatics
mechatronics
tracking control systems
Opis:
W ostatnich latach nastąpił znaczny rozwój i wzrost zastosowań układów regulacji nadążnej. Ich wykorzystanie przestało ograniczać się do zastosowań przemysłowych, a zaczęto je używać w aplikacjach życia codziennego. Artykuł przedstawia proces projektowania i syntezy nadążnego układu stabilizacji piłki na ruchomej platformie. Opisano część mechaniczną oraz elektroniczną platformy. Przedstawiono model matematyczny, a także proces programowania platformy i syntezy sterowania. Na koniec przeprowadzono testy sprawdzające.
In recent years, tracking systems have been significantly developed. A number of their possible applications have also increased. Their usage was no longer limited to the industrial applications and became more accessible to the everyday appliances. This article covers process of a design and synthesis of a ball stabilization system on a mobile platform. The mechanics and electronics of the platform have been described as well as a mathematical model of the platform and a process of a platform software development. Results of conducted tests of performance quality for step response, square and circle trajectories have been presented.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2022, 26, 1; 11--16
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tracking Control Algorithms for a Laboratory Aerodynamical System
Autorzy:
Gorczyca, P.
Hajduk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/907962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
system nieliniowy
sterowanie w czasie rzeczywistym
sterowanie nadążne
kontroler suboptymalny
nonlinear systems
real-time control
tracking control
suboptimal controller
Opis:
The tracking control problem of a strongly nonlinear MIMO system is presented. The system shares some features with a helicopter, such as important interactions between the vertical and horizontal motions. The dedicated I/O board allows for control, measurements and communication with a PC. The RTWT toolbox in the MATLAB environment is used to perform real-time experiments. The control task is to track a predefined reference trajectory. A mathematical model of the system, containing experimental characteristics, is used to design the controllers: a multidimensional PD, a suboptimal controller in the sense of a quadratic performance index and a variable gain controller.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2004, 14, 4; 469-475
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A variable structure observer for the control of robot manipulators
Autorzy:
Abdessameud, A.
Khelfi, M. F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
obserwator
manipulator robotyczny
stateczność wykładnicza
system naprowadzający
variable structure observers
switching-type observers
rigid robot manipulators
exponential stability
tracking control
Opis:
This paper deals with the application of a variable structure observer developed for a class of nonlinear systems to solve the trajectory tracking problem for rigid robot manipulators. The analyzed approach to observer design proposes a simple design methodology for systems having completely observable linear parts and bounded nonlinearities and/or uncertainties. This observer is basically the conventional Luenberger observer with an additional switching term that is used to guarantee robustness against modeling errors and system uncertainties. To solve the tracking problem, we use a control law developed for robot manipulators in the full information case. The closed loop system is shown to be globally asymptotically stable based on Lyapunov arguments. Simulation results on a 3-DOF robot manipulator show the asymptotic convergence of the vectors of observation and tracking errors.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2006, 16, 2; 189-196
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tracking control of a balancing robot – a model-based approach
Sterowanie śledzące robota zachowującego równowagę – podejście oparte na modelu
Autorzy:
Zaiczek, T
Franke, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
single-axle mobile robot
nonholonomic constraints
Hamel's equation
cascade control structure
input-output linearization
tracking control
nonlinear control
jednoosiowy robot mobilny
równanie ruchu Hamela
kontrola nieliniowa
Opis:
This paper presents a control concept for a single-axle mobile robot moving on the horizontal plane. A mathematical model of the nonholonomic mechanical system is derived using Hamel's equations of motion. Subsequently, a concept for a tracking controller is described in detail. This controller keeps the mobile robot on a given reference trajectory while maintaining it in an upright position. The control objective is reached by a cascade control structure. By an appropriate input transformation, we are able to utilize an input-output linearization of a subsystem. For the remaining dynamics a linear set-point control law is presented. Finally, the performance of the implemented control law is illustrated by simulation results.
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję sterowania ruchem jednoosiowego robota poruszającego się po płaszczyźnie poziomej. Model matematyczny nieholonomicznego systemu mechanicznego wyprowadzono korzystając z równań ruchu Hamela. Opisano następnie szczegółowo koncepcję sterownika śledzącego. Sterownik prowadzi poruszający się robot po zadanej trajektorii utrzymując go jednocześnie w pozycji pionowej. Cel sterowania jest osiągnięty przy zastosowaniu kaskadowej struktury sterowania. Dzięki odpowiedniej transformacji danych wejściowych, w podsystemie istnieje możliwość linearyzacji wejście-wyjście. Dla dynamiki pozostałej części zaprezentowano prawo liniowego sterowania stałowartościowego. Ostatecznie, jakość działania zastosowanych praw sterowania zilustrowano wynikami symulacji.
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2014, LXI, 2; 331-346
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tracking control and robustness study of shifting process
Autorzy:
Zhao, X.
Guan, Ch.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
heavy vehicles
automatic transmission
shift quality
PID tracking control
Monte Carlo method
pojazdy ciężkie
skrzynia automatyczna
zmiana wytrzymałości
proces kontroli
metoda Monte Carlo
Opis:
Heavy dump vehicles are usually working with big load changes and bad work environment, thus change the friction performance of transmission clutches, as well as great affect the shift quality seriously, which influence the vehicle performance. Many researchers developed a lot to design a useful automatic transmission control system. Using PID tracking control and Monte Carlo method, the controller based on an dynamic model was set up to analyze the shifting process of automatic transmission and its robustness in this paper. The shift process was divided into four stages, low-gear phase, torque phase, inertia phase and high-gear phase. The model presents the process from the first gear to the second gear when the torque has big change. Since the jerk and the friction work of clutch are both related to the speed of clutch which was easier to control, it was chose as the target to control the oil pressure for satisfying the requirement of shift quality. The simulation software, Maplesim and Simulink, were used to build the vehicle model and shifting controller for simulation under different working conditions, and the maximum jerk was changed from 34 m/s3 to 12 m/s3 after the optimization. In this paper the Monte Carlo has been used to quantize and evaluate the robustness of the closed-loop system for the friction coefficients and output torque of turbine variation leading by the friction feature parameters and throttle angle changed. Monte Carlo method was used to analyze the effectiveness and robustness of PID controller, which proves that it has good control effect when the throttle is ongoing minor fluctuations. When the throttle is full opening, a quadratic optimal controller based on disturbance is designed by the method of multi-objective optimization. When it changes within 20 percent, PID controller was designed under the guidance of tracking thoughts. The results also show that the controller could still obtain better effect when the friction coefficient ranged from -40 % to 40 % as well as engine torque changed from -20 % to 20 %, which indicates the robustness of controller.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 46, 2; 97-104
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyznaczenie mocy systemu sterowania ruchem dla statku wydobywczego
The Determination of Power Output of the Tracking Control System of a Mining Ship
Autorzy:
Bortnowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
statek wydobywczy
EXPLO-SHIP 2006
instalacja wydobywcza
projektowanie wstępne
oddziaływanie środowiska morskiego
moc systemu sterowania ruchem
mining ship
mining system
preliminary design
marine environment influence
power of tracking control system
Opis:
Dla statku wydobywczego jednym z ważniejszych systemów jest system sterowania ruchem, którego moc zależy od parametrów pogodowych w rejonie eksploatacyjnym i od wymiarów statku. Moc tego systemu będzie bardzo duża, stąd na wymiary statku będzie miał wpływ ciężar i wymiary siłowni okrętowej (elektrowni). W artykule przed-stawiono koncepcję wymiarowo-przestrzenną statku wydobywczego oraz określenie dla niej maksymalnej, zapotrzebowanej mocy systemu sterowania ruchem. Artykuł stanowi kontynuację zagadnienia przedstawionego w [2].
In a mining ship, the tracking control system is one of its most significant systems. Its power output depends on weather parameters in the mining area and on dimensions of the ship. The tracking control system power is very high, thus the dimensions of the ship are considerably influenced by the weight and dimensions of the ship power plant. The article presents a spatial conception of a mining ship and the determined maximum power demand of the tracking control system. This article is a continuation of the problem described in [2].
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2006, 10 (82); 97-106
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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