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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 827
Tytuł:
Deliberation as a tool to find solutions to overcome the crisis in the European Union
Autorzy:
Marta, Witkowska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
deliberation
democracy in the European Union
crisis in the European Union
Opis:
A deliberative debate is a process of communication focused on finding good arguments for specific evaluations and solutions to the issues discussed, and addressing important stakeholder issues. The aim of the article is to present the course and results of observations made with regards to the theoretical and scientific discourse of deliberation that took place in September 2016. Participants were academic experts, thinkers and representatives of civil society organisations working in European affairs, as well as doctoral students and other activists. The questions concerned the way to understand the guiding motto of the meeting: More Europe and the way to define and to perceive the crisis in the process of European integration. Deliberation concerned the assessment of the model of European integration and the question whether the current formula is endorsed or contested. In addition, arguments on the best and worst effects of the integration process should be identified, who can challenge the integration process and for what reasons. The purpose of the deliberation was to assess the process of European integration, identify the ground for the criticism thereof, diagnose crisis situations and indicate the desired target model.
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2017, 1 (43); 133-145
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migracje Polaków po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej
POLISH MIGRATION AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autorzy:
Bobrowska, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
MIGRATION
THE EUROPEAN UNION
Opis:
This publication is the work of a theoretical nature. The author focused on the causes and consequences of migration from Poland after 1 May 2004.The paper presents the rock migration, and the main features of contemporary Polish migration, the author also compares the Poles trips to Scandinavia and the UK.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2013, 5, 2; 49-64
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legitimacy and constitutional stability as challenges for Polands accession to the European Union
Autorzy:
Popławska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43352951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
accession to the European Union
Opis:
This article is about the agreement of politicians and citizens of Poland for access to EU. Polish Constitution from 1997  was written by experts and accepted by a slim majority in referendum. It made a lot of controversies and similar controversies were made by the Polish Government which tried to make Poland part of EU Membership. The paper is an updated and shortened version of a report presented at the international conference The politics of enlargement in Central and Eastern Europe: Changing rules and institutions organised by the Leiden University and Academia Istropolitana Nova, Bratislava (September 2000).  
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 2002, 125-132; 95-109
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działania Unii Europejskiej wobec Armenii prowadzone w ramach Europejskiej Polityki Sąsiedztwa i programu Partnerstwa Wschodniego
The activities of the European Union to Armenia carried out under the European neighborhood policy and the Eastern Partnership
Autorzy:
Voytyuk, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
the European Union
the Customs Union of Belarus
Kazakhstan
and Russia
Armenia
the Eastern Partnership
Opis:
In September 2013, a meeting between the President of Armenia S. Sargsyan and the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin took place in Moscow. During the meeting, the Russian authorities convinced the Armenian President to join the Customs Union and do not proceed further cooperation with the European Union. In the article, the author tries to analyze why Armenia cardinally changed its policy on the eve of the Eastern Partnership Summit in Vilnius on November 28–29th, 2013. There are also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of eventual Armenia’s accession to the Customs Union with Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, and to the European Union.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 46; 121-134
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane zabiegi perswazyjne w pierwszym i ostatnim orędziu Donalda Trumpa do Kongresu na tle tradycji wystąpień State of the Union. Kontynuacja, ewolucja czy nowa jakość?
Autorzy:
Janczuk, Artur
Kieryluk, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
State of the Union
orędzie
Donald Trump
Kongres
perswazja
Opis:
Zwycięstwo Donalda Trumpa w wyborach prezydenckich w 2016 r. zaskoczyło wielu komentatorów – wygrał bowiem polityk pod wieloma względami odznaczający się na tle konkurentów politycznych, kontrowersyjny i niewątpliwie nieortodoksyjny. Zmiana jakościowa – bez względu na to, czy oceniana jest pozytywnie, czy negatywnie – objęła m.in. takie aspekty jak instrumentarium marketingu politycznego oraz sposób mówienia przez kandydata o wartościach, różnicach partyjnych i podziałach społecznych. Ta nowa retoryka została przeniesiona na praktykę codziennego wypełniania obowiązków przez Prezydenta, znajdując wyraz m.in. w szeroko komentowanych, dorocznych orędziach do Kongresu, znanych najszerzej jako State of the Union Addresses. Chcąc dokonać przynajmniej częściowego opisu specyfiki perswazji Trumpa i prześledzić jej ewolucję, autorzy prezentują ogólne tło tego rodzaju wystąpień oraz analizują dwa wybrane przemówienia – pierwsze, z roku 2017, oraz ostatnie, z roku 2020. Na podstawie tego badania stawiają wniosek, że Trump nie zerwał całkowicie z tradycją orędzi prezydenckich i nie odrzucił narzędzi już wcześniej używanych; nie przeniósł ich jednak również bezpośrednio na swoje wystąpienia, zamiast tego dokonując reinterpretacji w ramach własnego, unikalnego stylu.
The 2016 Donald Trump’s electoral victory was a surprise to many commentators – the winning candidate is an undoubtedly controversial, unorthodox figure, clearly standing apart among other politicians. The qualitative change – whether positive or negative – embraces such aspects as the employed instruments of political marketing and the narrative on values, political differences and social divisions. After the 2016 elections, the new rhetoric influenced the everyday execution of Presidential duties, including the widely-commented speeches to Congress, mostly known as “State of the Union Addresses”. In order to provide at least a rudimentary description of D. Trump’s persuasive tactics and their evolution, the authors characterize the background of such speeches and analyze two selected addresses – the first one (from 2017), and the last one (from 2020). The analysis allows the authors to conclude that D. Trump did not abandon all of the traditional qualities and persuasive tools of Presidential speeches in Congress. On the other hand, he also did not adopt all of them directly. Instead, he reinterpreted them, thus creating his own, unique style.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2021, 37 (44); 59-71
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SYTUACJA SPOŁECZNO-POLITYCZNA ROMANOWÓW PO REWOLUCJI BOLSZEWICKIEJ
THE SOCIOPOLITICAL SITUATIONS OF ROMANOVS AFTER BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION
Autorzy:
WIĘCKOWSKA, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Romanovs
Russia
The Bolshevik Revolution
the White Emig ration
The Union of Mladrossi
Opis:
The main subject of article is sociopolitical situation of Romanovs after the Bolshevik Revolution. The first part is a description of final years of the rule and relations inside the dynasty. The second reverence of the text focus on the problems of White Emigrations and the difficult economic situations of members which survived revolution. The next part tells about organization of the Union of Mladorossi and attempts politicizing the situation of the Romanovs in Europe. The ending is historical reflection. Its aim is to present the political position of the Romanovs in the 21st century and real chances return to Russia.
Źródło:
Historia@Teoria; 2018, 1, 7; 131-137
2450-8047
Pojawia się w:
Historia@Teoria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE EUROPEANIZATION OF THE POLISH SAFETY POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL ARMED MILITARY FORCES MISSIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autorzy:
Hoffmann, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Europeanization
policy safety
the European Union
Opis:
The participation of Poland in the Union’s military missions was dictated by a conviction about the need of a common, solidary cooperation in solving problems on a local, as well as international level, especially in the situation, when local issues could transform into a problem of a wider, so regional or global nature. Ensuring a state’s safety and strengthening of the position of Poland on the international arena, as constant purposes of our national policy, required joining in any international initiatives that were supposed to serve as a realization of strategic national aims. Due to the fact that different processes and phenomena happening in surroundings, regions and in the world influenced by the Polish safety, Poland had to actively participate in these actions. The active membership of Poland in foreign missions had been creating conditions that favor economical development and a progress of civilization. The participation in missions lead under the aegis of the European Union was also a realization of allied commitments and they were the one to constitute the credibility of Poland. The participation of Poland in the Common Security and Defence Policy can be divided into two periods. The first once embraces a time, when Poland was not a member of the European Union and, to be honest, its participation in a decisive process under the CSDP had more of a personal nature of engagement into lead missions. Therefore, Poland activated its military forces in military operations, as well as civilian ones, of which there were more. A second period is the time after 2004, when Poland had become a member of the European Union. In this case, we had a formal right to participate or make decisions ands not to participate in certain initiatives of the European Union. In operations that had national forces involved, it is possible to notice happening there processes of the Europeanization. Generally, they were based on taking over soft regulation aspects elaborated on a Union’s level and implementing them in actions of Polish organizations. Even though under the CSDP decisions were made and are made in an intergovernmental way, in situations when Poland participated in operations lead by the European Union, it has always adjusted to the dictate of Brussels. It resulted from an operational, organizational and logistic subordination of the Polish Military Contingent. To sum up, it can be assumed that even in a policy considered as a field with many flaws, there still are ongoing processes of Europeanization based on taking over elements of soft laws and in some cases – hard regulations as well. In this context, Polish armed forces received some “best practices”, learnt to act in completely different conditions and fields that made their adjustments and taking over good practices have some kind of a socialization nature.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2014, 43; 108-121
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niedowierzanie i szok czy zdrowy rozsądek, czyli reakcja światowych mediów na wyniki brytyjskiego Brexitu
Disbelief and shock or common sense, the reaction of the worlds media on the results of the British Brexit
Autorzy:
Smaga, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
Brexit
the European Union
media
referendum
Opis:
This article presents a new phenomenon in the European Union. Namely, the country abandonment from the EU Structures. The first country which made that, was the United Kingdom, as the result of the referendum form 23rd June 2016. Slightly more than half of the British people decided to leave EU. The day after the announcement of the Brexit results, media from all over the world began to comment on the unexpected results of the referendum. It has started a discussion about what will happen next? Many publicists and analysts asked how will European Union function without the one of the most important countries in Europe? What consequences await the British departing from the structures of the European Union? Is there a danger for “domino effect” in which other countries will try to leave the European Community?
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2017, 15; 61-72
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Free movement of services in the European Union and in the Eurasian Economic Union. Similarities and differences
Autorzy:
Jaskóła, Anna
Szewczyk, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
The European Union
a single market
free movement of services
the Eurasian Economic Union
Opis:
The European Union (EU) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) are international organizations integrating member states, primarily in the economic field. Both organizations guarantee four economic freedoms: free movement of goods, services, labor, and capital. One of these freedoms: free movement of services is particularly important. It should be noted that within the customs union of the EU and the EAEU the internal customs barriers have been eliminated, and for the exchange of services between these organizations, only the borders between the two unions remain an obstacle. For this reason, legal regulations concerning the free movement of services in the EU and the EAEU determine the opportunities for economic exchange between these organizations.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 85; 59-65
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Essence, Premises and Perspectives of Modernisation of the European Union
Autorzy:
Fiszer, Józef M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
modernisation of policy
the European Union
Opis:
Modernisation of the European Union or just another modifi cation? Such a dilemma appears regularly during all inter-governmental conferences, specially before and after approving another revision treaty for the European Union. To answer such a question, fi rst the essence and meaning of these terms has to be explained, and to do so, the best option is to refer to their etymology. And so, according to the PWN “Dictionary of Foreign Words”, ‘modification’ »latin modification = measuring« is a change, transformation, remake; a modifi ed object, while ‘modernisation’ »fr. moderne = modern« is making something modern or making something contemporary’. Therefore, modernisation shall mean a broader and deeper process, these are actions leading to radical transformations and changes as compared to modifi cation, which usually precedes modernisation. It may then be said that as far as the European Union is concerned, commencing from its origination by the Maastricht treaty of 7th February 1992 till the latest revision treaty, i.e. the Lisbon treaty which became eff ective on 1st December 2009, we only witnessed its successive (permanent) modifi cation, that is slow transformations which were generally named extension and enhancement processes. Today, after nearly twenty years of remakes and use, the European Union needs not only a radical overhaul but rather modernisation, meaning its update and adapting to contemporary times. Today, the European Union requires adaptation to challenges and requirements of the 21st century determined by acceleration and globalisation progressing within all spheres of life.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 307-322
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie wniosku dotyczącego dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie zamówień publicznych
Opinion on the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on public procurement (COM (2011) 896 final)
Autorzy:
Szydło, Marek
Cieślik, Ziemowit
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16647752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
public procurement
Council of the European Union
Opis:
The proposal contains the provisions governing the process of awarding public procurement contracts, i.e. contracts for pecuniary interest concluded between economic operators and contracting authorities (Article 2(7) of the proposal). The proposal for a directive on public procurement is worthy of support from the government in the Council of the EU, taking into account any suggestions for change specified in the information about the position of the Republic of Poland.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2012, 3(35); 134-147
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The development of the European Union in the areas of migration, visa and asylum after 2015. Priorities, effects, perspectives
Autorzy:
Cymbranowicz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
MIGRANT
REFUGEE
MIGRATION CRISIS
THE EUROPEAN UNION
Opis:
The article entitled ‘The development of the European Union in the areas of migration, visa and asylum after 2015. Priorities, effects, perspectives’ is a contribution to the public discourse on one of the biggest problems and challenges facing the European Union in the 21st century from a political, economic and social perspective. The (un)controlled influx of refugees to Europe after 2015, which is the result of political destabilization and the unstable socio-economic situation in the region of North Africa and the Middle East, clearly indicates that during the ‘test’, the existing refugee protection system in the European Union did not pass the ‘exam’. In connection with the above, attempts to modify it have been made at the EU level. This article is a presentation of individual solutions (‘Fortress Europe’, ‘Open Door Policy’, ‘Sluice’), as well as an analysis and evaluation of the possibilities of their implementation in the current difficult crisis conditions.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2020, 46, 1 (175); 67-95
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND EU FUNDS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE ACCESSION OF POLAND TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autorzy:
Rdzanek, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Common Agricultural Policy
Agriculture
the European Union
Opis:
The basic function of agricultural areas is, according to the European Charter for Rural Areas, agriculture and preservation of the natural environment based on a well-functioning agricultural sector that operates in harmony with nature. The Council Regulation (EC) 1257/1999 on support for rural development from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee was adopted in 1999. The programmes that are currently binding in the territory of Poland were developed in accordance with the EU policy expressed in the abovementioned acts and other documents concerning development of rural areas. These included: the Rural Development Programme that focused on social and environmental aspects, as well as a part of the Sectoral Operational Programme devoted to the development of rural areas, as well as restructuring and modernization of the food sector. Based on the priorities of the Council regulation, two strategic objectives have been set: 1) Improvement of competitiveness of the agriculture and food economy, 2) Sustainable development of rural areas. Implementation of these objectives requires the support of the Common Agricultural Policy. Polish European Union membership contributed to setting its objectives and increasing the ability to subsidise economic entities, as well as develop both the food and rural areas economy.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2014, 43; 298-310
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W naszych osiągnięciach musimy znaleźć źródło motywacji do dalszego wysiłku
We Have to Find Motivation for Further Effort in Our Achievements
Autorzy:
Buzek, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
Polish transformation
membership in the European Union
Opis:
The anniversaries we are celebrating this year – twenty-five years of the Polish transformation, the fifteenth anniversary of our accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, and ten years of our membership in the European Union – give us an excellent opportunity for summing things up. In the opinion of the former Prime Minister, and present Member of the European Parliament, we have succeeded to change deeply both Poland and Europe. It is also true of the institutional sphere – nowadays both the institutions of the Polish state and those of the EU are marked with the way that our country has taken since 1989.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2014, 59, 3(356); 8-9
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From a Conflict to Normalization? The Politics and Government of Vladimír Mečiar and Mikulas Dzurinda in Slovakia Towards the Republic of Hungary in 1993–2002
Od konfliktu do normalizacji? Polityka rządów Vladimíra Mečiara i Mikuláša Dzurindy na Słowacji wobec Republiki Węgierskiej w latach 1993–2002.
Autorzy:
Żarna, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2167521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-08-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Slovakia
Hungary
the Hungarian minority
the European Union
Opis:
When analyzing the main problems in the bilateral Slovak-Hungarian relations in 1993–2002 it can be concluded that there were many barriers to an agreement in that period of time. Centuries-long Slovak dependence on Hungary increased the nationalistic tendencies among politicians and the Slovak society. Other factors that affected the mutual antipathy were provisions of the Treaty of Trianon, Benes Decrees, situation of Hungarian minority in Slovakia, the dispute over the dam on the Danube and the position of nationalist groups. The worst situation was during the rule of Vladimír Mečiar (1993–1998). This government’s actions met with a response from the Hungarian government, the European Union, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Council of Europe. The consequence of this policy was the fact that Slovakia was not invited to the summit in Luxembourg (1997) to start negotiations with the EU. Similar situation happened in the context of the entry into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): while the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary were invited to become member in Madrid in 1997, Slovakia remained as an outsider. Mečiar’s regime was also a period of crisis within the Visegrad Group which could have claimed to solve many bilateral issues. It would seem that after the elections in 1998 and the regime change in Slovakia it could come to the normalization of mutual relations. An important prerequisite for doing so was a coalition government, which included the Slovak Hungarians or with the establishment of a mixed commission to solve the most urgent problems. Both countries were forced to work together to achieve the priority in foreign policy, which was to enter the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. For this purpose, the cooperation within the Visegrad Group was renewed. The question is whether it was this factor that caused the normalization of relations? It seems not. Both countries achieved their primary goal, and this cooperation was necessary. It does not change the fact that also during the Dzurinda government, there have been many frictions no longer directly associated with the activities of the government in Bratislava, but rather with the burden of the past. Another aspect was Viktor Orban’s former government in Hungary and the position of the extreme nationalist political parties.
Analizując główne problemy w bilateralnych relacjach słowacko- -węgierskich w latach 1993–2002 można dojść do wniosku, że barier na drodze do porozumienia było w analizowanym okresie bardzo wiele. Wielowiekowa zależność Słowaków od Węgrów spowodowała wzrost tendencji nacjonalistycznych wśród polityków i społeczeństwa słowackiego. Kolejnymi czynnikami, które wpływały na wzajemną niechęć były postanowienia traktatu w Trianon, Dekrety Beneša , sytuacja mniejszości węgierskiej na Słowacji, spór wokół zapory wodnej na Dunaju oraz stanowisko ugrupowań nacjonalistycznych. Najgorzej sytuacja przedstawiała się w okresie rządów Vladimíra Mečiara (1993–1998). Działania tego rządu spotkały się z reakcją ze strony rządu węgierskiego a także Unii Europejskiej, Organizacji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie oraz Rady Europy. Konsekwencją tej polityki był fakt, że Słowacja nie została zaproszona podczas szczytu w Luksemburgu (1997 r.) do rozpoczęcia negocjacji akcesyjnych z UE. Podobnie sytuacja przedstawiała się w kontekście wejścia do Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego: podczas gdy Czechy, Polska i Węgry zostały zaproszone do członkowska w Madrycie w 1997 r., Słowacja pozostała na marginesie. Rządy Mečiara to również okres kryzysu Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w ramach której mogłoby dochodzić do rozwiązywania wielu problemów bilateralnych. Wydawać by się mogło, że po wyborach 1998 r. i zmianie rządów na Słowacji dojdzie do normalizacji we wzajemnych stosunkach. Ważną ku temu przesłanką był skład koalicji rządowej, gdzie znaleźli się słowaccy Węgrzy czy powołanie mieszanych komisji mających rozwiązać najbardziej palące problemy. Oba państwa zmuszone były do współdziałania w celu osiągnięcia priorytetów w polityce zagranicznej, jakimi była chęć wejścia do Unią Europejską i Sojuszem Północnoatlantyckim. W tym też celu odnowiono współpracę w ramach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Powstaje pytanie, czy był to ten czynnik, który spowodował normalizację wzajemnych stosunków? Wydaje się, że nie. Oba państwa osiągnęły swój najważniejszy cel i do tego niezbędna była współpraca. Nie zmienia to faktu, że również w okresie rządów Dzurindy dochodziło do wielu zadrażnień nie związanych już bezpośrednio z posunięciami rządu w Bratysławie, ale raczej obciążeniami z przeszłości. Kolejnym aspektem były rządy na Węgrzech Viktora Orbana oraz stanowisko skrajnie nacjonalistycznych partii politycznych.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2011, 30; 164-178
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 827

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