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Wyszukujesz frazę "substitution" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Legitimacy and potential savings in automatic substitution of biological products in Poland, the example of insulin
Autorzy:
Wąż, Piotr
Gruchała, Katarzyna A.
Zimmermann, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-10-31
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
biologics
biosimilars
substitution
Opis:
Currently in Poland there is no regulation aiming at framing the complexity of substitution process arising at pharmacy level. In practice such process exists in variety type of products, both generic and biological scope. Lack of integrity in terms of this process between authorised medical professions who held it, might lead to further costs both for the health care system and patients. The aim of the study is to explain, that the economic advantage, which very often is the result of performed substitution process, in some types of products such as bio-logical ones, should be preceded with the decision of the treating physi-cian. Only then, in the cooperation between persons prescribing and dispensing certain medicinal product the process of substitution may fully use its potential of money saving along with the control over a certain patient. The study brings the yet unknown classification of dif-ferences in costs between actually performed automatic substitution of products containing human insulin in the pharmacy setting in Poland in four year period in five Voivodeships.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2018, 75, 5; 1255-1263
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Knowledge and attitude of community pharmacy employees towards an automatic drug substitution of generics and biosimilars
Autorzy:
Łukasik, Zuzanna M.
Nowicki, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-10-31
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
biosimilars
pharmacist
follow-on biologics
generic substitution
automatic therapeutic substitution
Opis:
Rationale: In recent years many patent protections of original biopharmaceuticals have expired and biosimilar medicines are being developed and are entering the pharmaceutical market. Polish legal framework does not narrow down automatic therapeutic substitution (ATS) of biopharmaceuticals at the pharmacy level. The aim was to assess the awareness of Polish community pharmacy employees and their attitude towards ATS of generics and biosimilar medicines. Methods: A self-designed online questionnaire consisting of 27 questions addressing ATS of generics and biopharmaceuticals was created. The survey respondents were approached personally at local pharmacies, via pharmacy managers, chain pharmacy owners and Chambers of Apothecaries. Data collected was entered into descriptive statistics tool provided by the survey hosting server. Simultaneously a printed survey dedicated to patients was created to asses patterns of behaviour related to ATS. Results: According to Polish community pharmacy employees the main reason for ATS was price competitiveness, unavailability of the reference drug and patient’s wish. 7.3% of respondents have ever taken part in any drug safety monitoring program. 9.1% of pharmacy technicians and 46.8% masters of pharmacy claimed to have considerable knowledge about biosimilar drugs and evaluated biosimilars as carrying a higher risk of adverse events than generics. 17.2% would offer a substitution of a biopharmaceutical. 33.3% of patients did not tell their prescribing doctor about the ATS. Conclusions: There is strong need of establishing explicit legislation regulating ATS between reference biopharmaceuticals and biosimilars. Introduction of the framework should be simultaneously accompanied by shared trainings for medical professionals participating in the pharmacotherapy.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2018, 75, 5; 1247-1254
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimal ordering quantities for substitutable items under joint replenishment with cost of substitution
Autorzy:
Mishra, V. K.
Shanker, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
inventory
substitutable item
joint replenishment
cost of substitution
critical substitution rate
Opis:
An inventory system of two mutually substitutable items has been studied where an item is out of stock, demand for it is met by the other item and any part of demand not met due to unavailability of the other item is lost. In the event of substitution, there is an additional cost of substitution involved for each unit of the substituted item. The demands are assumed to be deterministic and constant. Items are ordered jointly in each ordering cycle, in order to take advantage of joint replenishment. The problem is formulated and a solution procedure is suggested to determine the optimal ordering quantities that minimize the total inventory cost. The critical value of the substitution rate is defined to help in deciding the optimal value of decision parameters. Extensive numerical experimentation is carried out, which shows that prior knowledge of the critical value of the substitution rate helps to minimize the total inventory cost. Sensitivity analysis is carried out for the improvement in the optimal total cost with substitution as compared to the case without substitution to draw insights into the behaviour of the model.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2017, 27, 1; 77-104
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Composite collagen-calcium phosphate hydrogels for bone substitution
Autorzy:
Douglas, T. E. L.
Gkioni, C.
Jansen, J. A.
Leeuwenburgh, S. C. G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/283747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
hydrogels
bone substitution
collagen
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2009, 12, no. 89-91; 28-29
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dealing with hypodysfibrinogenemia during pregnancy with a successful outcome
Autorzy:
Faflik, Zuzanna
Witkowski, Michał
Witkowska, Magdalena
Smolewski, Piotr
Robak, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-08
Wydawca:
Medical Education
Tematy:
hypodysfibrinogenemia
pregnancy
fibrynogen
substitution
Opis:
Background: Fibrinogen is a protein playing pleiotropic role in human body. It is engaged in maintaining hemostasis. Congenital fibrinogen disorders comprise quantitative and qualitative fibrinogen anomalies. The symptoms range from bleeding, thrombosis to asymptomatic at all what is the most common case. Hypodysfibrinogenemia with lower level of fibrinogen of reduced activity, is the least common of all congenital fibrinogen disorders. Case report: A 31-year-old woman was reported at the 21 weeks of gestation, suffered from genital tract bleeding and there was a history of stillbirth. Clinical examination with no pathology, however laboratory tests revealed coagulation abnormalities due to prolonged thrombin test, decreased protein S and lower fibrinogen level (70 mg/dl). Autoimmune diseases were excluded and the diagnosis was widened with rotational thromboelastometry and genetic test for hypodysfibrinogenemia. The patient was treated with fibrinogen substitution and prophylactic dose of heparin throughout pregnancy and 2 weeks following labour. At 39 week of gestation Caesarean section was done, with no complications. Results: Genetic test revealed heterozygous mutation in fibrinogen gamma gene confirming hypodysfibrinogenemia. Due to bleeding manifestation in this patient of congenital fibrinogen disorders, fibrinogen substitution was implemented with heparin as a paranticoagulant prophylaxis, what turned out to be successful and enabled the patient to maintain the pregnancy. Conclusions: As hypodysfibrinogenemia symptoms are diverse the management is difficult and each patient’s therapy should be planned separately. Pregnancy may be the first time when congenital fibrinogen disorders reveal and it is especially challenging to prevent from obstetrical complications.
Źródło:
OncoReview; 2021, 11, 4; 102-105
2450-6125
Pojawia się w:
OncoReview
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nukleofilowe podstawienie wodoru w nitroarenach. Proces analogiczny i komplementarny do podstawienia elektrofilowego
Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in nitroarenes. An alogous and complementary process to electrophilic substitution
Autorzy:
Mąkosza, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
podstawienie elektrofilowe
podstawienie nukleofilowe
pierścienie aromatyczne
nitroarenes
nucleophilic substitution
oxidation
vicarious substitution
Opis:
Nucleophiles add to electron-deficient arenes, also those containing halogens, initially in positions occupied by hydrogen to form óH adducts. This addition is faster than addition in similarly activated positions occupied by halogens. Formation of the óH adducts is a reversible process, thus they dissociate and slower addition in positions occupied by halogens results in formation of óH adducts followed by fast departure of X– to form products of nucleophilic substitution of halogen, SNAr. In the review it is shown that there are a few ways for fast further conversion of initially formed óH adducts into products of nucleopilic substitution of hydrogen such as oxidative substitution, vicarious substitution, etc. Since formation of óH adducts is faster than óH adducts and the former undergo fast transformations into products of nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen we should accept than this is the major, primary reaction whereas conventional nucleophilic substitution of halogens, SNAr reaction “ipso” substitution is just a secondary process. In modern textbooks only SNAr reactions are discussed whereas nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen is not mentioned, thus it is necessary to introduce proper corrections in textbooks and teaching of this chapter of chemistry of arenes.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2011, 65, 9-10; 795-819
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal and economic identification and assessment of pharmacy substitution in narrow therapeutic index drugs, on the example of epileptic medications in Poland
Autorzy:
Zimmermann, Agnieszka
Gruchała, Katarzyna
Wąż, Piotr
Kawczak, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
pharmacy substitution
carbamazepine
pharmacy law
Opis:
Currently in Poland there is neither regulation aiming at framing the complexity of substitution process arising at pharmacy level, nor further guidelines depending on drug category. FDA describes a narrow therapeutic index drug (NTI) in the 21 Code of Federal Regulations 320.33(c) and highlights that safe and effective use of such drug products require careful titration and patient monitoring. In major therapeutic areas disadvantages of the generic substitution are irrelevant or minor in comparison to the economic benefit. In epilepsy, a number of experts and professional bodies have recommended caution with generic substitution of drugs used in this condition. Aim of the study is to legally and economically identify and assess drug sub-stitution occurrence in Polish background among selected narrow therapeutic index drugs used in epilepsy. Paper is divided into two sections: first is retrospective based and tackles the data received from the National Health Fund; whereas second section takes under consideration questionnaire based results gained during medical history being collect-ed with the patients. Basing on most commonly substituted substance in epilepsy: carbamazepine, the maximum single difference in cost in substitution at the pharmacy was identified around the level of 1.7 PLN, and maximum extra pay at the same level. Ob-served/reported changes, ADRs, discomfort were provided based on the question-naire. The study highlights the necessity of planning process and evaluation of cur-rent market regulations.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2018, 75, 6; 1447-1458
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis of diphenylphosphinic acid esters
Autorzy:
Korzeniowska, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
diphenylphosphinic acid esters, substitution reaction
Opis:
The development of new methods for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds is still an important part of organic chemistry due to the high demand for these compounds in organic synthesis as well as in asymmetric catalysis. Most of the methods for the synthesis of these compounds include the reactivity of the phosphorus atom, which depending on the structure might exhibit both electrophilic and nucleophilic properties. Herein, I will present the results concerning synthesis of diphenylphosphinic acid esters.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia; 2017, 72, 1
2083-358X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Resistance to leaf rust (Puccina recondita f.sp.tritici) at the seedling stage among single D-genome substitution lines of triticale presto
Autorzy:
Woś, H.
Strzembicka, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-06-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
leaf rust
resistance
substitution
triticale
wheat
Opis:
There were performed tests on a set of twenty single substitutions of the D-genome chromosomes from various bread wheats into winter triticale Presto, a set of seven disomic addition lines of chromosomes from winter rye Dańkowskie Zlote to winter wheat Grana, and all parental forms to study on the chromosome location of major genes that are resposible for seedling stage resistance to Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici in triticale. For each line, seedlings developed to two-leaf stage were exposured to four pathotypes of the pathogen predominant in Poland to test them in the greenhouse conditions. There were high resistance among the substitution lines of Presto, 1D(1A), 4D(4R), and 5D(5R) suggesting that chromosomes introduced from the D-genome carried resistance genes. Among the addition lines, GH2R was highly resistant. Resistance to rust at seedlings stage of Presto lines of D- genome and addition lines Grana (wheat) / Dankowskie Zlote (rye) shows that chromosome 2R is responsible for the resistance to the disease.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2005, 51; 43-47
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A policy view: gaps and weaknesses of substitution between biological products in law and economics dimension: the example of insulin
Autorzy:
Gruchała, Katarzyna A.
Waz, Piotr
Kawczak, Piotr
Zimmermann, Agnieszka
Wolnik, Bogumił
Baczek, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895366.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-31
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
insulin
biosimilars
substitution
drug policy
legilation
Opis:
The purpose of the study is to analyze the act of substitution between biological products. Diabetes mellitus notes the greatest increase in the projected causes of deaths globally till 2030. The proper drug substitution process may help to increase the control over the disease management. In this paper authors try to identify and explain the challenges for the health policies and legislations in emerging markets and low- and middle-income countries. Analysis of retrospective data covering prescribed-dispensed insulin products was performed. The study is based on the law and economics approach with the application of the planning theory and modeling. The study shows the scope of substitution process of insulin and highlights the necessity of univocal legal approach profiled for this therapy area. Prognosis of created base model indicates at constant presence of substitution process of insulin. Substitution is to bring financial savings for patients, it is yet however unknown whether savings arising from the act of purchase will still have positive impact on undertaken therapy process in long-term period. These findings may inform about important factors and how emerging markets and low- and middle-income countries can increase progress of the substitution process.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2018, 75, 4; 1003-1015
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of d(r) substitutions on plant dry matter and root size in hexaploid triticale
Autorzy:
Oracka, Teresa
Łapiński, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-12-22
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
chromosome substitution
root system
rye
triticale
wheat
Opis:
Two sets of disomic substitution lines, derived from the cultivars ‘Presto’ and ‘Rhino’ of triticale, with rye chromosome pairs replaced by their wheat D-genome homoeologues, were tested in hydroponic culture. The size of root system (dry matter, length, number of seminal and adventitious roots) was investigated together with total plant dry matter. The results were influenced mainly by the growth stage and interaction between homoeology group of exchanged chromosomes and varietal background. In relation to the controls (unchanged cultivars), only the ‘Rhino’ 2D(2R) showed a significant increase of plant dry matter. No significant negative effect on plant mass was stated for the 3D(3R) in ‘Presto’ and the both 1D(1R) substitutions. Tolerance of the 4D(4R), and 5D(5R) disomic substitutions was poor; 7D(7R) was absent as not able to survive. The majority of changes noticed for the root system parameters were parallel to the changes in plant dry matter. Besides, some effects specific to root system were found in adult plants. Relationships are discussed between the obtained results and the earlier ones on disomic rye additions to hexaploid wheat.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2005, 52; 15-27
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Data-oriented parsing with discontinuous constituents and function tags
Autorzy:
van Cranenburgh, A.
Scha, R.
Bod, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
discontinuous constituents
statistical parsing
tree-substitution grammar
Opis:
Statistical parsers are effective but are typically limited to producing projective dependencies or constituents. On the other hand, linguistically rich parsers recognize non-local relations and analyze both form and function phenomena but rely on extensive manual grammar engineering. We combine advantages of the two by building a statistical parser that produces richer analyses. We investigate new techniques to implement treebank-based parsers that allow for discontinuous constituents. We present two systems. One system is based on a Linear Context-Free Rewriting System (LCFRS), while using a Probabilistic Discontinuous Tree-Substitution Grammar (PDTSG) to improve disambiguation performance. Another system encodes discontinuities in the labels of phrase-structure trees, allowing for efficient context-free grammar parsing. The two systems demonstrate that tree fragments as used in treesubstitution grammar improve disambiguation performance Chile capturing non-local relations on an as-needed basis. Additionally, we present results for models that produce function tags, resulting in a more linguistically adequate model of the data. We report substantial accuracy improvements in discontinuous parsing for German, English, and Dutch, including results on spoken Dutch.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2016, 4, 1; 57-111
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weak uniform normal structure in direct sum spaces
Autorzy:
Domínguez Benavides, Tomás
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1293037.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
normal structure
Orlicz sequence spaces
substitution norm
Opis:
The weak normal structure coefficient WCS(X) is computed or bounded when X is a finite or infinite direct sum of reflexive Banach spaces with a monotone norm.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1992, 103, 3; 283-290
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Analysis of Students’ Knowledge in Spelling: A Case of a Technical University in Ghana
Autorzy:
Atatsi, Eli Ayawo
Amoakohene, Benjamin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej. Language and Society Research Committee
Tematy:
Spelling errors
Transposition errors
Insertion errors
Substitution errors
Opis:
High proficiency level in spelling is considered to be an important literally skill writers need to be able to establish shared meaning with their readers. However, the Applied Linguistic literature reveals that spelling errors dominantly plaque the essays of students who speak English as Second Language (ESL). In lieu with this, this study sheds light on students’ knowledge in spelling in a Technical University in Ghana. The participants for the study involve 275 students who were randomly selected from three academic levels. The random sampling procedure was further used by the researchers to select 30 English words out of 50 words that have been compiled by the Communicative Skills Unit as the most consistent misspelled words in the written English essays of students of the Technical University over a period of four years. The respondents were further tested on how well they could spell those words. The findings confirm three main types of spelling errors: “insertion errors”, “substitution errors” and “transposition errors”. The findings further reveal that the students’ inability to correctly spell most of the words that were dictated to them is a result of their unfamiliarity with the words, their inability to account for the right pronunciation associated with those words that were dictated to them as well as the failure of students to edit their work after the spelling exercise. It is also confirmed that the academic levels of the students do not have a significant influence on their performance in the spelling.
Źródło:
Language, Discourse & Society; 2019, 7, 1; 239-257
2239-4192
Pojawia się w:
Language, Discourse & Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Change of Easy Magnetization Axis and Frequency of Reflection Loss by Co-Ti Substitution in Barium Ferrite
Autorzy:
Yang, Su-Won
Kim, Jeong-Gon
Jeong, Kwang-Pil
Shim, Han-Ul
Cho, Seong-Il
Kim, Min-Young
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
barium ferrite
Co-Ti substitution
easy magnetization axis
Opis:
In this study, BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 (X : 0 to 2.0, 0.2) powders were synthesized by sol-gel process. TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, VSM, and Network analyzer were measured in order to influence easy magnetization axis change on the wave absorption frequency range change. The easy magnetization axis change of the annealed powder at 900°C and 1200°C was confirmed by the coercive force decreased 4,800 and 3,870 Oe to 260 and 269 Oe, respectively, at the substitution ratio of 0.8 and 1.0. And it was confirmed that the change of the easy magnetization axis affected the change of the wave absorption frequency. The wave absorption frequency of substituted Barium Ferrite was less than 10 GHz range after the easy magnetization axis of Barium ferrite changed to a-b plan direction. It was confirmed the BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19(x=0.8 to 1.6) was synthesized by the sol-gel process and it was annealed at 900°C and 1200°C, which could be used as a wave absorber in the X-band region of 10 GHz less.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 835-839
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bytová náhrada a vypratanie bytu v Slovenskej republike
Flat replacement and eviction in Slovak Republic
Autorzy:
Molnar, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
termination of residential lease
substitution of flat
eviction
Opis:
Author of the paper discusses the flat replacement, in particular on procedural aspects of the issue at the stage of execution – eviction in Slovak republic. Concludes the inadequacy and lack of clarity of the legislation, especially in addressing the possible expiration of right of substitute housing. Author sets out the requirement for a clear division of responsibilities between the general court and execution authorities.
Źródło:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2014, 2(8); 143-151
1730-0266
Pojawia się w:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Analysis of the Tobacco Product Bans Using a Random Coefficients Logit Model
Autorzy:
Olesiński, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tobacco policy analyses
discrete choice models
substitution effects
BLP
Opis:
The studies of tobacco demand accounting for product diversity have attracted much attention in the literature, but the ex ante measurements of the effects of product bans are relatively scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap and considers the 2020 EU-induced ban on menthol cigarettes as an example, focusing on the Polish market. In the proposed approach, a 2004-2017 product- level dataset for Poland is used to estimate a random coefficients logit model and simulate the effects of the menthol ban and, for comparison, a cigarette excise hike. The dataset is unique as it encompassess substantial changes in the tobacco tax level and structure that took place in Poland over the sample period. The simulations suggest that the ban, despite switching of consumers towards non-menthol cigarettes, results in relatively strong reduction in demand for duty-paid cigarettes, stronger than in the case of the excise hike.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2020, 2; 113-144
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and characterization of thiourea
Autorzy:
Dai, Chuanbo
Zhang, Hongyu
Li, Ruiduan
Zou, Haifeng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Urea
Lawesson’s reagent
thiourea
vulcanization reaction
Nucleophilic substitution
Opis:
Herein, a simple and effective method for the preparation of thiourea using a nucleophilic substitution reaction is reported. Urea and Lawesson’s reagent were used as the raw materials to prepare thiourea via a one-step method involving the sulfuration reaction, and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. The effect of the reaction time, reaction temperature, and mass ratio of the raw materials on the yield of thiourea were investigated.The most beneficial conditions used for the reaction were determined to be: Reaction time = 3.5 h, reaction temperature = 75°C, and mass ratio of urea to Lawesson’s reagent = 2:1. Under these optimal conditions, the average yield of thiourea over five replicate experiments was 62.37%. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the as-synthesized substance was thiourea. Our synthetic method has the advantages of high yield, mild reaction conditions and simplicity.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2019, 21, 3; 35-39
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generating Pseudorandom S-Boxes - a Method of Improving the Security of Cryptosystems Based on Block Ciphers
Autorzy:
Mroczkowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308900.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
block cipher
pseudorandom bit generator
substitution box (S-box)
Opis:
The paper presents a general framework for improving the security of the cryptosystem based on the symmetric block cipher. The main idea is based on possibility of chancing substitution boxes (called S-boxes) in encryption/decryption algorithm. In order to make it possible, it is necessary to generate identical boxes by an encryption and decryption party. This is the main reason, why deterministic methods of generating substitution boxes based on the pseudorandom sequences will be presented.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2009, 2; 74-79
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unique trace element geochemistry of pyrometamorphic apatite-supergroup minerals : a case study of fluorellestadite from burnt coal (Poland) and shale (France) post-mining waste heaps, with emphasis on boron, germanium, aluminium and titanium
Autorzy:
Kruszewski, Łukasz Sewweryn
Sláma, Jiří
Deput, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
apatite supergroup
non-nominal ion substitution
boron
germanium
titanium
tetrahedra
Opis:
Apatite-type structure is known for its flexibility towards accommodating numerous ions of different crystallographic affinities. Two samples of fluorellestadite from two pyrometamorphic rocks (slags) from burned waste heaps (BWH) from France (LdS) and Poland (RDT) were studied in terms of their trace element composition using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Boron shows an evident, persistent enrichment in both the samples, with average/maximum levels of 497/1040 and 49/106 ppm, respectively. So is true for magnesium (884/16766 and 404/6251 ppm, i.e., respectively) and sodium (512/697 and 249/370 ppm, respectively). Germanium is clearly enriched in the first sample (29/40 ppm) and, to a lesser degree, in the second one (34 ppm on average). The LdS sample is also clearly enriched in Al (888/1238 ppm), K (385/697 ppm), Ti (515/943 ppm), V (172/347 ppm), and Cu (16/1369 ppm). The RDT sample is also rich in As (105/120 ppm) and Sr (1072/6592 ppm). An interesting feature of both samples concerns their REE pattern: Nd is the dominant element of the group, with the respective Nd/ΣLREE and Nd/(Ce+La) values of 0.43 and 0.90; and 0.37 and 0.66. In order from highest to lower average concentrations, aluminium, magnesium, titanium, boron, potassium, and germanium may be essential substituents in the BWH apatites.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2023, 67, 1; art. no. 7
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bimorphisms and synchronous grammars
Autorzy:
Shieber, S. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
synchronous grammars
tree transducers
tree-adjoining grammars
tree-substitution grammars
Opis:
We tend to think of the study of language as proceeding by characterizing the strings and structures of a language, and we think of natural-language processing as using those structures to build systems of utility in manipulating the language. But many language-related problems are more fruitfully viewed as requiring the specification of a relation between two languages, rather than the specification of a single language. In this paper, we provide a synthesis and extension of work that unifies two approaches to such language relations: the automata-theoretic approach based on tree transducers that transform trees to their counterparts in the relation, and the grammatical approach based on synchronous grammars that derive pairs of trees in the relation. In particular, we characterize synchronous tree-substitution grammars and synchronous tree-adjoining grammars in terms of bimorphisms, which have previously been used to characterize tree transducers. In the process, we provide new approaches to formalizing the various concepts: a metanotation for describing varieties of tree automata and transducers in equational terms; a rigorous formalization of tree-adjoining and tree-substitution grammars and their synchronous counterparts, using trees over ranked alphabets; and generalizations of tree-adjoining grammar allowing multiple adjunction.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2014, 2, 1; 51-104
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Properties of monostarch phosphates depending on the degree of phosphorus substitution
Właściwości fosforanów jednoskrobiowych w zależności od stopnia podstawienia fosforem
Autorzy:
Fortuna, T.
Gibinski, M.
Palasinski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402017.pdf
Data publikacji:
1990
Wydawca:
Instytut Rozrodu Zwierząt i Badań Żywności Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Olsztynie
Tematy:
physico-chemical properties of monostarch phosphates
degree of phosphorus substitution
Opis:
Several of the more important properties of monstarch phosphates at various levels of phosphorus substitution (0.02-0.05) were investigated. The studied phosphates displayed greater water binding capacity and solubility in water than non-treated starch. These two characteristics increase with the increase of the degree of phosphorus substitution. The various monostarch phosphates differ as regards pasting characteristics: the higher the degree of phosphorus substitution the tower the pasting temperature and slightly higher maximum viscosity.
Do badań użyto krochmalu ziemniaczanego, z którego sporządzono fosforany jednoskrobiowe zgodnie z metodyką H. Neukoma, polegającą na prażeniu skrobi z Na₂HPO₄ i NaH2PO₄ w temp. 160°C przez 4 h. W otrzymanych fosforanach jednoskrobiowych oraz krochmalu wyjściowym oznaczono: zawartość fosforu całkowitego (po uprzedniej mineralizacji na mokro) i fosforu wolnego metodą Marsh'a, zdolność wiązania wody i rozpuszczalność w wodzie w temp. 25 i 60°C, charakterystykę kleikowania wodnych dyspersji skrobiowych w wiskozymetrze rotacyjnym Rheotest 2 oraz zdolność redukcyjną z kwasem dinitrosalicylowym. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników analiz zawartości fosforu całkowitego i fosforu wolnego wyliczono zawartości fosforu związanego ze skrobią i obliczono stopień podstawienia fosforem uzyskanych fosforanów skrobiowych, który wynosił od 0,02 do 0,05. Otrzymane fosforany jednoskrobiowe odznaczają się większą zdolnością wiązania wody i rozpuszczalnością w wodzie niż skrobie wyjściowe, przy czym wraz ze wzrostem stopnia podstawienia fosforem zwiększa się ich zdolność wiązania wody i rozpuszczalność w wodzie. Również pod względem charakterystyki kleikowania fosforany skrobiowe różnią się między sobą zależnie od stopnia podstawienia fosforem. Im wyższy stopień podstawienia tym niższa jest temperatura kleikowania i nieco wyższa lepkość maksymalna.
Źródło:
Acta Alimentaria Polonica; 1990, 16(40), 1-2; 27-31
0137-1495
Pojawia się w:
Acta Alimentaria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kwestia świadectwa Transcendencji. Tropem Paula Ricoeura
The question of Transcendence Testimony. Following Paul Ricoeur
Autorzy:
Jakubowski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Tematy:
testimony
Absolute
Jesus Christ
Ricoeur
Nabert
Lévinas
originary affirmation
substitution
Opis:
What is the Transcendence Testimony? An attempt at answering this question on the basis of Paul Ricoeur’s texts runs into a distinction between “external” testimony, that is, an eyewitness’s account of the course of events, and “internal” testimony, that is, the confirmation of a person’s beliefs by the course of events. Ricoeur seeks to show that the religious meaning of testimony that emerges in biblical texts is determined by the interdependence and mutual conditioning of the two types of testimony. According to Ricoeur, this interdependence should be taken into account also when confronting the biblical concept of witness with the requirements of contemporary hermeneutical-phenomenological philosophy. Is it not the case, in particular, that the condition of possibility of recognizing the manifestation of the Absolute within history (in some “Here and Now”) is a reflexive movement, revealing the Absolute on the existential level defined by Jean Nabert as “originary affirmation”? However, Ricoeur, being conscious of the somehow aporetic nature of Nabert’s proposed solution, suggests that it can gain a significant expressive power if we read it in light of the concept of “substitution” presented in Lévinas’ work Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence.
Źródło:
Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2019, 2/272
1230-4379
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Religioznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przyczyny i implikacje zmian w udziale zysków i płac w PKB
The Causes and Implications of Changes in the Share of Profits and Wages in GDP
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-09-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
profits
wages
globalization
technological progress
econometric research
capital-labor substitution
Opis:
The paper examines the latest research into factors behind changes in the functional distribution of incomes, or the relationship between the share of wages and profits in GDP. The author describes the key determinants of theoretical and empirical research and explains why interest in these issues has increased in recent years in both Poland and elsewhere. The second part of the paper discusses the most controversial issues linked with the definition and measurement of the share of wages and profits in GDP, while part three focuses on general historic trends linked with the distribution of profits and wages. Part four discusses the results of the latest econometric research that takes into account the role of globalization and technological progress. Part five is dedicated to research dealing with capital-labor substitution, which is important from the perspective of theoretical debates in contemporary macroeconomics. The author concludes that future research into the distribution of profits and wages should cover countries with a medium and low level of development.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 234, 9; 49-66
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozważania nad substytucyjnością wypłat dywidendy pieniężnej i wykupu akcji własnych na przykładzie polskich spółek publicznych
Autorzy:
Pieloch, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/658445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
share repurchase
dividend, substitution
money transfer to shareholders
buy-back
Opis:
The main goal of this article is to present preliminary results of empirical research on the substitutability of cash return to shareholders in companies listed on the Stock Exchange in the form of cash dividend and share buyback. For the realization of the objective it has been adopted to develop the research hypothesis stating that the shares repurchases done on the Warsaw Stock Exchange are – according to the cash dividend – more and more frequently used form of returning cash to shareholders. The paper is divided into two parts. In theoretical one, there are shown some views on substitution hypothesis and exhibited the results of surveys made by other researchers. The second part is practical research conducted among polish public companies.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2011, 256
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of the mechanical behavior and durability of mortars based on prepared sand
Autorzy:
Noui, Ammar
Bouglada, Mohammed Sallah
Belagraa, Larbi
Achour, Yacine
Abderazak, Bouzid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Wydział Geoinżynierii, Górnictwa i Geologii. Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
mineral addition
substitution
natural sand
activated sand
mechanical characteristics
durability
Opis:
Sand occupies a great proportion of the cementitious matrix product and in particular mortars. Hence, the study of fine aggregates used for concrete and mortar in general, deserves to be objects of research including sand which has always been considered as inert material, whose role is exclusively physical. The study of mortars performances based on prepared sand to assess the effect of the type and rate of substitution of mineral additions pozzolana and blast furnace slag of a natural sand fine fraction (sieve diameter less than 0.16 mm) is seen as the main objective of the present experimental research work. The natural sand replaced size is less than 160 µm and for rheological reasons the maximum replacement rate of natural sand is limited to 10%. The results obtained show a significant improvement of the mechanical properties for the mortars based on the new activated sand. With regard to durability tests of HCl and H2SO4 acids chemical attacks, the substitution of the quartz by active mineral additions in the sand-size skeleton allows an advantageous reduction in loss of resistance up to 50% and a mass gain around 75%.
Źródło:
Mining Science; 2020, 27; 47-59
2300-9586
2353-5423
Pojawia się w:
Mining Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oswajanie „śmiertelnego niebezpieczeństwa”. Rewolucja lutowa na łamach „Tygodnika Ilustrowanego” w 1917 roku
Autorzy:
Gabryś-Sławińska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
the February Revolution
“Illustrated Weekly”
1917
information strategy
substitution
analogy
Opis:
The article aims to reconstruct the ways in which “Illustrated Weekly” informs the public about the events of the February Revolution in Russia. Additionally the article interprets public opinion held by Polish readers about the events in question. The analysis is based on the issues of the weekly published between the outbreak of the February Revolution and the Bolshevik revolutionin October 1917. The analysis includes both verbal and iconographic representation. Research has shown that the editorial board of “Illustrated Weekly” consistently avoided commenting on the reports from Russia, at the same time they replaced the current news with texts about events of 1905-1907. Their strategy of substitution and analogy indicates that the weekly and its readers could not handle the interpretation of the current political situation in Russia.
Źródło:
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski; 2020, XI, 1; 123-134
2081-1128
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nonlinearity of the round function
Autorzy:
Kontak, M.
Szmidt, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
Boolean functions
substitution boxes
Walsh transform
linear cryptanalysis
TGR algorithm
Opis:
In the paper we present the results which enable to calculate the nonlinearity of the round function with quite large dimensions, e.g. 32 x 32 bits, which are used in some block ciphers. It can be used to estimate resistance of these ciphers against linear cryptanalysis. We give the application to linear cryptanalysis of the TGR block cipher.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2007, 36, 4; 1037-1044
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The signal to noise ratio in the differential cryptanalysis of 9 rounds of data encryption standard
Autorzy:
Misztal, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
block cipher DES
differential cryptanalysis
substitution boxes
S/N ratio
Opis:
There is presented the differential cryptanalysis method of attack on data encryption standard (DES) reduced to 9 rounds. More precise estimation than that of Biham and Shamir of the signal to noise (S/N) ratio is obtained. Also, method of using the ratio in calculation of required number of plaintexts is suggested. There are given results (time of performance) and implementation's issues of practical realisation of this attack.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2006, 3; 49-59
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Text : now in 2D! A framework for lexical expansion with contextual similarity
Autorzy:
Biemann, C.
Riedl, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
distributional semantics
lexical expansion
contextual similarity
lexical substitution
computational semantics
Opis:
A new metaphor of two-dimensional text for data-driven semantic modeling of natural language is proposed, which provides an entirely new angle on the representation of text: not only syntagmatic relations are annotated in the text, but also paradigmatic relations are made explicit by generating lexical expansions. We operationalize distributional similarity in a general framework for large corpora, and describe a new method to generate similar terms in context. Our evaluation shows that distributional similarity is able to produce high-quality lexical resources in an unsupervised and knowledge-free way, and that our highly scalable similarity measure yields better stores in a WordNet-based evaluation than previous measures for very large corpora. Evaluating on a lexical substitution task, we find that our contextualization method improves over a non-contextualized baseline across all parts of speech, and we show how the metaphor can be applied successfully to part-of-speech tagging. A number of ways to extend and improve the contextualization method within our Framework are discussed. As opposed to comparable approaches, our framework defines a model of lexical expansions in context that can generate the expansions as opposed to ranking a given list, and thus does not require existing lexical-semantic resources.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2013, 1, 1; 55-95
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kredyt handlowy a polityka pieniężna NBP
Trade Credit and the Monetary Policy of the National Bank of Poland
Autorzy:
Młodkowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-03-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
trade credit
monetary policy
National Bank of Poland (NBP)
substitution effect
Opis:
The paper examines the influence of the central bank’s monetary policy on trade credit financing in Poland. The aim is to establish the nature and scope of the private sector’s response to modifications in monetary policy. An additional issue is whether there is a substitution effect between bank credit and trade credit. Both these issues are subject to formal statistical analysis. In the process, the author takes a comprehensive look at the monetary policy stance of the Polish central bank. He proposes a simple and intuitive indicator in this area based on money supply and demand data. Using a regression analysis, Młodkowski finds a strong and statistically significant relationship between monetary policy and trade credit. His findings also confirm the existence of a substitution effect between bank credit and trade credit. The author builds two regression models, one for “trade credit extended” and the other for “trade credit used.” In the case of “trade credit used,” both the scope of the relationship and its significance are stronger than in the case of “trade credit extended,” Młodkowski says. This is due to an asymmetry of statistical data subject to analysis. Poland’s Central Statistical Office only gathers data from businesses with more than 45 employees. In another conclusion involving trade credit theories, Młodkowski proves wrong a financial aid theory that suggests that enterprise size is a factor that leads to an asymmetry in the propensity to extend and use trade credit. This theory does not hold true for Poland, Młodkowski says.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 222, 3; 1-18
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The size of the substitution bias of inflation measurement in relation to the level of innovativeness of the European Union’s economies
Wielkość obciążenia substytucyjnego pomiaru inflacji w relacji do poziomu innowacyjności gospodarek Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Roszko-Wójtowicz, Elżbieta
Białek, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425052.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
inflation measurement
substitution bias
innovativeness
innovation indices
cluster analysis
PROFIT method
Opis:
The consumer price index (CPI) is a common measure of inflation. Similarly to the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), it is determined using the Laspeyres index, thus data on the consumption of the basket of goods do not have to be current. The Laspeyres index, using weights only from the base period, may not reflect changes in consumer preferences that occurred in the studied year. This is the reason for the formation of the so-called substitution bias in the measurement of inflation. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the level of innovativeness of a given country’s economy on the occurrence of the substitution effect. The empirical part of the article is based on basic innovation indices, i.e. the SII, IOI, and GII. The assessment of the relationship between the level of innovativeness and the scale of the substitution effect was carried out based on the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis (including cluster analysis, the PROFIT method).
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2018, 22, 4; 79-100
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insurance and Self-Insurance - Substitutes or Complements?
Ubezpieczenie i samoubezpieczenie – dobra substytucyjne czy komplementarne?
Autorzy:
Dudziński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/422734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
self-insurance
insurance
substitution
complementarity
samoubezpieczenie
ubezpieczenie
dobra komplementarne i substytucyjne
Opis:
Classical result by Ehrlich and Becker states that with two states of the world, market insurance and self-insurance are substitutes. However, it turns out that conclusion does not hold in the model with many states. This paper considers interactions between price of compulsory market insurance and demand for self-insurance. We present sufficient conditions for self-insurance to be complementary or substitute for market insurance. We provide economic interpretation of that result, highlighting the role of an efficiency of self-insurace as a key to understanding the phenomenon.
Klasyczny wynik Ehrlicha i Beckera stwierdza, że samoubezpieczenie jest substytutem ubezpieczenia. Twierdzenie to zostało jednak uzyskane po analizie modelu, w którym występują tylko dwa stany świata. Niniejszy artykuł uogólnia ten model dopuszczając możliwość wystąpienia wielu stanów świata, prowadząc do wniosku, że teza twierdzenia Ehrlicha i Beckera przestaje obowiązywać w sposób bezwzględny. Artykuł poświęcony jest badaniu interakcji pomiędzy ceną obowiązkowego ubezpieczenia a popytem na samoubezpieczenie. Przedstawione zostały warunki dostateczne na to, aby samoubezpieczenie było substytutem (w specyficznie określonym sensie) lub dobrem komplementarnym względem ubezpieczenia. Zaprezentowana została także interpretacja ekonomiczna wyniku oraz jego założeń, gdzie podkreślono, że kluczową rolę dla zrozumienia badanego zjawiska odgrywa pojęcie efektywności samoubezpieczenia.
Źródło:
Przegląd Statystyczny; 2014, 61, 3; 307-315
0033-2372
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dramat podmiotu odpowiedzialności w filozofii Emmanuela Lévinasa
The Drama of the Subject of Responsibility in the Philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas
Autorzy:
Świętnicki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37197981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
odpowiedzialność
substytucja
pragnienie
wolność
Inny
responsibility
substitution
desire
freedom
the Other
Opis:
Celem poniższego artykułu jest prześledzenie granic oraz metod wykorzystywanych w fenomenologii ejdetycznej związanych z dostępem do samego sposobu ukazywania sensu fenomenów. Zadanie to przeprowadzone jest na przykładzie fenomenologii obecnej w pismach Emmanuela Lévinasa. Szczególnym przykładem tego typu sytuacji jest relacja odpowiedzialności Tego-samego (Tożsamego) wobec Innego, przyjmująca postać substytucji, w wykładni fenomenologii transcendencji francuskiego fenomenologa. Wraz z narastającymi etycznymi wymogami filozofii transcendencji, jako konsekwencji radykalnej ontologii Lévinasa, sens „Innego we mnie” niebezpiecznie zbliża się do figury wewnętrznego samooskarżyciela, który staje się metaforą obecnej w jego pismach figury etycznej przemocy i odwetu Innego wobec Tożsamego. Odczytuję tu głęboko ukryte, także dla samego Lévinasa, resentymentalne motywy duchowości, z której on sam wyrósł. Z jednej strony bowiem jego filozofia dąży do tego, aby wykluczyć samą możliwość ponownego pojawienia się wydarzenia Auschwitz, jednak z drugiej strony sama staje się napędem takiego sposobu myślenia.
The purpose of the following article is to trace the boundaries and methods used in eidetic phenomenology related to the access to the very method of showing the sense of phenomena, carried out on the example of phenomenology present in Emmanuel Lévinas’ writings. A special and extreme example of this type of situation is the “relations” of The-Same (identical) responsibility towards the Other, taking the form of substitution, in a radical interpretation of the French phenomenologist’s phenomenology of transcendence. However, with the increasing ethical requirements of the philosophy of transcendence, as a consequence of Lévinas’s equally radical ontology, the sense of the Other-in-myself dangerously approaches the figure of the internal self-prosecutor, who becomes the metaphor of the current in his writings figure of the ethical violence and retaliation of the Other towards the Same. I perceive here deeply hidden, also for Lévinas, resentimental motifs of the spirituality in which he grew up. On the one hand, Lévinas’s philosophy strives to exclude the possibility of the re-emergence of the Auschwitz event, but on the other, it becomes the driving force behind this thinking.
Źródło:
Perspektywy Kultury; 2022, 39, 4; 369-392
2081-1446
2719-8014
Pojawia się w:
Perspektywy Kultury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gloss to the Resolution of the Supreme Court of 19 October 2018 (III CZP 45/18). Substitution of Assets in Personal (Separate) Properties of Spouses under the Joint Marital Property
Autorzy:
Nazar, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
statutory joint marital property
co-ownership and fractional joint property
personal property
joint property
substitution of assets
specific-item substitution
value substitution, expenses, expenditure
wspólność ustawowa
współwłasność i wspólność ułamkowa
majątek osobisty
majątek wspólny
surogacja
surogacja przedmiotowa
surogacja wartościowa
nakłady
wydatki
Opis:
The gloss contains remarks on the resolution of the Supreme Court of 19 October 2018 (III CZP 45/18), according to which an item acquired under the joint marital property regime and financed partly from the funds derived from the personal property of one of the spouses and from their joint property becomes the personal property of the spouse concerned and the joint property of the spouses in the proportion corresponding to the proportion of the funds allocated from those assets for its acquisition, unless the funds from the personal property or the joint property transferred for the acquisition of the property was an expense towards the joint or personal property, respectively. The gloss states that the rules of civil law concerning the formation of fractional joint ownership and the regulation of the joint marital property do not justify the thesis supported in the commented resolution. The conclusion of the gloss contains a proposal for interpretation that is different from that put forward in the resolution of the Supreme Court. It must be assumed that an asset acquired by both spouses or by one of them during the period of their joint marital property in exchange for funds derived from the joint property and personal property of one of the spouses becomes ex lege a component of the joint property of the spouses, unless, under the agreement of the spouses, it is acquired as a fractional joint property, one share of which goes to the joint property and the other to the personal property.
Glosa zawiera uwagi do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 19 października 2018 r. (III CZP 45/18), według której rzecz nabyta w ustroju wspólności ustawowej częściowo ze środków pochodzących z majątku osobistego jednego z małżonków i z ich majątku wspólnego wchodzi do majątku osobistego małżonka i do majątku wspólnego małżonków w udziałach odpowiadających stosunkowi środków przeznaczonych z tych majątków na jej nabycie, chyba że świadczenie z majątku osobistego lub majątku wspólnego przekazane na nabycie rzeczy miało charakter nakładu odpowiednio na majątek wspólny lub osobisty. W glosie wskazano, iż unormowania prawa cywilnego dotyczące powstawania współwłasności (wspólności) ułamkowej i unormowania małżeńskiej wspólności ustawowej nie uzasadniają tezy komentowanej uchwały. W konkluzji glosy został sformułowany wniosek interpretacyjny odmienny od proponowanego w tezie uchwały Sądu Najwyższego. Należy mianowicie przyjąć, że przedmiot majątkowy nabyty przez oboje małżonków lub przez jednego z nich w czasie trwania wspólności ustawowej w zamian za środki pochodzące z majątku wspólnego i z majątku osobistego jednego z małżonków staje się ex lege składnikiem majątku wspólnego małżonków, chyba że na podstawie porozumienia małżonków zostaje nabyty na wspólność ułamkową, z której jeden udział wchodzi do majątku wspólnego, a drugi – do majątku osobistego.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 3
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental validation of novel microRNA candidates in the liverwort Pelliia endiviifolia
Autorzy:
Piszczalka, P.
Alaba, S.
Pietrykowska, H.
Plewka, P.
Karlowski, W.
Szweykowska-Kulinska, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
experimental validation
microRNA
liverwort
Pellia endiviifolia
gene expression
nucleotide substitution
hybridization
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 3
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Life span of German loanwords in Czech and Slovak: displacement and replacement
Lebensdauer deutscher Lehnwörter im Tschechischen und Slowakischen: Verdrängung und Ersatz
Autorzy:
Newerkla, Stefan Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
language contact
loanwords
German
Czech
Slovak
lexical integration
lexical substitution
lexical diversification
Opis:
Following G. Bellmann, the article divides the German loanwords in Czech and Slovak roughly into two groups, namely those lexical units that represent a basic code extension (= type A) and those that are used immediately after adoption as (approximately) synonymous lexical duplicates of already existing designations (= type B). While type A words have the best chances of lasting integration, type B words elicit a competitive situation between old and new designations, which can result in substitution, negative integration or semantic diversification. Furthermore, the paper deals with idiosyncrasies of German loanword integration such as the expressiveness of German loanwords in Czech and Slovak and the emotional attitude towards German loanwords in those languages. The article also discusses the causality of displacement and substitution of German loanwords, subsequently elaborates on the loss of terms and realities, the change in domain-specific language use, the role of language awareness and language culture, the loss of immediate contact areas as well as the question of prestige, and concludes with an outlook on future developments.
Źródło:
Rocznik Slawistyczny; 2020, 69; 49-68
0080-3588
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Slawistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Łączenie metod ilościowych i jakościowych na przykładzie regionalnego foresightu energetycznego
Combining quantitative and qualitative methods on the example of regional foresight related to energy industry
Autorzy:
Ropuszyńska-Surma, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Delphi method
technological substitution
logistic curve
Gompertz’s model
Lower
Silesia
strategy
Opis:
Regional and sectorial strategies should take into consideration, inter alia, stakeholders’ needs and potential problems in the future (e.g. lack of energy security). In this situation, there is often necessity to select key technologies for a region or a sector. The problem is what kind of methods are used to select needed technologies and to point out visions, which are linked to these technologies, of region or sector development. The issue is shown in this article basing on the project called ”Energy Development Strategy of Lower Silesia by Using Foresight Methods”. The paper presents the procedure of the selection of theses which are studied by Delphi methods. The results of this research addressed to selected theses are shown briefly. Also there is shown limited usage of technological foresight basing on S-shape curves (logistic curves and Gompert’s method). In connection to these functions there is presented a substitution between conventional technologies of electricity production and renewable energy sources technologies. The results of qualitative methods and Delphi method are compared. Basing on this, the limits of the implementation of qualitative methods as well as the necessity to compare the results of two methods: experts’ one and qualitative one are shown. In other words, the combining of methods is recommended during foresight research.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2014, 4(46); 135-150
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Characterization of Black CoFe2O4 Pigments Using MOOH (M = Fe and Co) Nanorod
Autorzy:
Yu, R.
Yun, J.
Kim, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
β-Co/FeOOH
CoFe2O4
black pigment
substitution
solid solution
Opis:
We studied the coloration and phase transformation of various iron based pigment with cobalt substitution method and heat treatment. First, we synthesized well defined one dimension β-Fe/CoOOH nanorods using the solid solution method. Yellowish β-Fe/CoOOH nanorods were transformed into reddish intermediate states and, finally, black CoFe2 O4 pigments was obtained. Divalent cobalt ions easily occupied tetrahedral sites. The prepared pigments were well characterized in terms of physical properties by using UV-vis, CIE Lab color parameter measurements, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XRD (powder X-ray diffraction). In addition, the magnetization property of the prepared CoFe2 O4 pigment was confirmed by VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2B; 1231-1234
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Substitution by Homophones in Chinese and Changes to Old Street Names in Beijing after 1949
Autorzy:
Kałużyńska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1928209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
Tematy:
substitution by homophones
Chinese hmophonic words
Chinese reshaping of names
Chinese toponyms resulting from the method of the substitution by homophones
old hutong names in Beijing
Chinese homophonic words
Opis:
The paper discusses the method of the substitution by homophones that is extensively used in many fields in China, among others onomastics, such as toponymy or anthroponymy. The Chinese language has always contained a considerable number of homophones, i.e. words pronounced alike but spelt/written differently and having different meanings. The situation resulted from two main factors: the nature of the Chinese language and the sound changes to spoken Chinese language, i.e. a strong tendency to sound simplification. The method of the substitution by homophones is mainly aimed at reshaping already existing names by replacing their previous form, for some reasons unwanted. However, it is also broadly applied to create new names by using words which are homophonic with the words denoting the idea they symbolize. The paper presents some various reasons and aims of the use of the method in the domain of Chinese geographical names, and the more detailed analysis of its use in the changing of old street (hutong) names after 1949 in Beijing. The research material consists of 1,159 hutong names, and the names changed by the use of the method accounts for 23.5% of the total.
Źródło:
Onomastica; 2018, 62; 273-280
0078-4648
Pojawia się w:
Onomastica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The study of the characteristics of sand concrete based on marble waste sand
Autorzy:
Bebhalilou, Mohamed Ichem
Belachia, Mouloud
Houari, Hacene
Abdelouahed, Assia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/396631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
sand concrete
waste
marble
substitution
durability
performance
beton piaskowy
odpady
marmur
substytut
trwałość
Opis:
The present study aims to valorize the waste and in particular the waste from the Fil-fila quarry. The main reason for choosing the waste from this quarry was the need to reduce the impact on the environment (by reducing stockpiling) and the raw material cost (economic reason). This study therefore consists in recovering this type of waste (discarded powder subject to weather changes) as sand in partial replacement of dune sand in the formulation of sand concrete with percentages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 %, by studying the behavior of these concretes in the fresh state (workability, density and occluded air) and the properties in the hardened state (compressive and tensile strength by bending, absorption by immersion, shrinkage and weight loss, chemical effect of HCl and H2SO4 solutions), and subsequently comparing the results obtained with reference samples (0%) based on ordinary sand. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the substitution of ordinary (dune) sand with marble waste sand provides acceptable results from the point of view of workability, strength and durability. These observations are likely to widen the field of applications of these sand concretes based on marble waste.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2020, 30, 1; 130-144
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie komparatora RLC w pomiarach elementów państwowego wzorca jednostki miary pojemności elektrycznej
Use of RLC comparator for measurements of elements of national standard of capacitance unit
Autorzy:
Ziółek, A.
Koszarny, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/158121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
wzorcowanie
pojemność elektryczna
komparator RLC
calibration
capacitance
RLC comparator
replacing
substitution
group method
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie komparatora RLC w badaniu elementów państwowego wzorca jednostki miary pojemności elektrycznej i jego wzorców odniesienia. Badania przy pomocy komparatora dokonano trzema metodami: metodą bezpośredniego porównania, podstawienia i przestawienia wzorców miejscami. Otrzymane wyniki pokazują, że zastosowanie komparatora RLC do pomiarów wzorców pojemności pozwala na wyznaczenie ich wartości z niższą niepewnością pomiaru w porównaniu ze stosowanymi dotychczas mostkami transforma-torowymi.
The paper presents the use of a comparator RLC for measurements of elements of the national standard of capacitance unit which consists of four 10 pF capacitors of type 11A. The measurements of the national standard were made using transformer bridges: AH 2500A and GR 1621. To calculate the real values of each capacitor the group method was used. The relative combined standard uncertainty for the group method is equal to 0,5 žF/F. The reference standards for the national standard of capacitance units are: capacitor 100 pF of type 11A, capacitors 10 pF and 100 pF of type 1408 and capacitors 10 pF, 100 pF and 1000 pF of type 1404. The measurements of elements of the national standard of capacitance unit by means of the RLC comparator are made using three methods: direct comparison, substitution and replacing of standards. The results obtained show that the use of the comparator RLC for measuring the standards of capacitance allows determining their value with a lower measurement uncertainty compared with the previously used transformer bridges. The relative combined standard uncertainty of the capacitors 10 pF of type 11A is less than 0,2 ×10-6 and of the reference standards is less than 3 ×10-6 for the measurement methods using the RLC comparator.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 8, 8; 693-696
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of substitution in the environmental aspect of sustainable construction
Autorzy:
Sobotka, Anna
Linczowski, Kazimierz
Radziejowska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203421.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
substytucja
budownictwo zrównoważone
gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego
recyklizacja
substitution
sustainable construction
circular economy
recycling
Opis:
Environmental protection is one of the objectives of the implemented concept of sustainable development and circular economy. The construction industry and its products (building objects) have a large contribution in negative influences, therefore all actions limiting them are necessary. One way of doing this is to apply substitution to existing unfavourable solutions, both in terms of construction and materials as well as technology and organization. The aim of the article was to determine the key factors conditioning the use of substitution at each stage of the investment and construction cycle, leading to environmental protection. The research paid attention to the use of substitute recycled products. The defined factors were subjected to a SWOT analysis and then, using the DEMATEL method, cause-andeffect relationships were identified that determine development in the application of substitution in the environmental context of sustainable and closed-cycle construction. The analysis was carried out by using a summative, linear aggregation of the values of the position and relationship indicators.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2023, 69, 1; 163--179
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Biomass Ash on the Performance and Durability of Mortar
Autorzy:
Ramdane, Rihab
Kherraf, Leila
Abdelouahed, Assia
Belachia, Mouloud
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314755.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
cement
substitution
biomass
additions
performance
durability of mortar
zamiennik
biomasa
dodatki
trwałość zapraw
Opis:
This work revolves around the study of the partial substitution of cement by biomass ash (residue generated during incineration of wood waste) in mortar. The introduction of wood ash in the cement formulation allows solving some problems related to the lack of construction materials and protecting the environment. To carry out this work we have introduced wood ash as an addition which partially substitutes cement at three different replacement percentages (5%, 10% and 15%). We carried out tests on mortar in the fresh state (consistency, density and occluded air); evaluated its performance in the hardened state (compressive and flexural tensile strength), dimensional stability and its durability (water absorption by immersion and by capillarity as well as resistance to chlorides and acidic environments followed by XRD). Results obtained will be compared with the results of control samples with 0% substitution rate. The results of this valorisation show that the incorporation of 5% of ash fillers in the cement improves mechanical resistance as well as certain durability parameters.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2022, 32, 2; 53--71
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Shall I Offer My Eldest Son?’ (Mi. 6:7)
“Czy złożę w ofierze pierworodnego mego?” (Mi 6,7)
Autorzy:
Lipiński, Edward
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-11-23
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
molk-sacrifice
first-born
substitution offer
cultic use of nātan
‘am hā’āreṣ
gēr
Opis:
Leaving aside the speculations about the alleged god Molech, who does notbelong to the Bible, but only to the history of biblical studies, the article deals witha few passages referring to child sacrifices. Starting from Mi. 6:7, which shows that the molk-offering was a particular form of Yahwistic cult, practiced in the 8th-7th centuries B.C., a distinction is made between an old belief that the first-born should be ‘given’ to the deity and the accomplishment of an unfortunate vow. Among the passages examined are Ex. 22:28-29; 34:19, and Judg. 11. More attention is paid to Lev. 20:2-5 and to Isa. 30:33, where the image of a sacrificed victim ready to be burnt is applied to Assyria. Since the question cannot be studied historically without using non-biblical sources, the article also refers to related Phoenician, Punic, and Latin texts. It examines the etymology of the words molek and tophet, as well as the particular meaning of gēr in the 8th-7th centuries B.C.
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 2015, 5, 1; 95-109
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
X-linked hypophosphatemia in Polish patients. 1. Mutations in the PHEX gene
Autorzy:
Popowska, E
Pronicka, E.
Sulek., A
Jurkiewicz, D.
Rowe, P.
Rowinska, E.
Krajewska-Walasek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2042182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metabolic disease
hypophosphatemia
deletion
PHEX gene
patient
substitution
X-linked hypophosphatemia
Polska
insertion
mutation
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Genetics; 2000, 41, 4; 293-302
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konflikty wokół nowego paradygmatu a rozwój regionalny Polski po 1990 roku
The Conflicts Around the New Development Paradigm and Polish Regional Development after 1990
Autorzy:
Kozak, Marek W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549124.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Polska
regionalne
polityka rozwoju
paradygmat
zastępstwo celów
Polska
regional
development policy
paradigm
goal substitution
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza konfliktów wokół nowego paradygmatu rozwoju i ich wpływu na rozwój regionalny w Polsce. Podstawowa teza głosi, że większość społeczeństwa i elit wyraża silną tendencję do prowadzenia polityki rozwoju zgodnie z paradygmatem minionej (przemysło-wej) epoki, gdy infrastruktura techniczna i bezpośrednia aktywność ekonomiczna państwa grały pierwszorzędną rolę w inicjowaniu rozwoju. Artykuł prezentuje zmiany paradygmatu, konflikty z tym związane oraz główne czynniki powstrzymujące akceptację nowego paradygmatu w prakty-ce. Zalicza do nich niejasność strategicznych celów rozwojowych europejskiej i krajowej polityki rozwoju (wyrównywanie poziomu czy podnoszenie efektywności?), ograniczoną wiedzę społe-czeństwa o współczesnych czynnikach rozwoju oraz w praktyce nieformalny mechanizm zgody na zastępstwo celów (zamiast zadań złożonych i trudnych, pod tą samą nazwą realizowane są zadania prostsze). Władze lokalne i przedsiębiorstwa (główni beneficjenci) zainteresowane są przede wszystkim projektami służącymi jakości życia, podczas gdy władze centralne – w pierwszej kolej-ności wydaniem środków polityk europejskich. W efekcie w praktyce zarówno beneficjenci, jak i zarządzający, są skłonni do upraszczania wymogów, zastępowania celów, dla ułatwienia osiąga-nia swych celów. Przyczyn niechęci do stosowania nowego paradygmatu rozwoju można szukać w wielu płaszczyznach: hybrydowej strukturze administracji publicznej, petryfikacji strukturalnej (szczególnie wyraźnej na przykładzie struktury rolnictwa) czy wreszcie politycznie dyktowane błędne interpretacje rozwoju suburbiów jako wskaźnika rozwoju wsi. W efekcie takiego podejścia do rozwoju (wzmacnianego przez kulturę), polityki europejskie w niewielkim stopniu przyczyniają się do podniesienia innowacyjności i konkurencyjności polskiej gospodarki.
The main aim of this article is to analyze conflicts around new development paradigm and their impact on regional development in Poland. Key hypothesis says that majority of the society and elites express strong propensity to carry out development policy in line with the old (industri-al) paradigm, which attributed key role in stimulating development to technical infrastructure and direct economic activity by the state. Article presents changes of the paradigm, conflicts involved and main barriers to wide acceptance of the new paradigm in development practice. According to the author it encompasses ambiguity of the strategic objectives of the European and national de-velopment policies (equity or efficiency), limited understanding of the contemporary development drivers and in practice informal consensus about objectives/goals substitution (simple and easy substituting complex and difficult in implementation). Local authorities and entrepreneurs (main beneficiaries) are interested first of all in quality of life improvement projects, while central au-thorities – mostly in successful disbursement of the European policies financial resources. As a result, in practice, both beneficiaries and managing authorities in order to attain their objectives show propensity to simplify requirements, substitute goals. The reasons of reluctance on using new development paradigm can be sought on numerous platforms: hybrid structure of public admin-istration, structural petrification (particularly well visible in case of agrarian structure) or – shaped under political influence – misinterpretation of suburbia development as an indicator of rural areas development. As a result of such an approach to development (enhanced by culture), European policies hardly contribute to Polish economy innovativeness and competitiveness improvement.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2014, 37; 163-180
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamika rozwoju współczesnego języka słowackiego – aspekt gramatyczny
The dynamics of the development of the contemporary Slovak language – grammatical context
Autorzy:
Sojda, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
language dynamics
substitution
multiplication
reduction
language subsystems
dynamika języka
substytucja
multiplikacja
redukcja
podsystemy językowe
Opis:
Celem szkicu jest wskazanie najważniejszych mechanizmów dynamiki współczesnego języka słowackiego, do których należą: substytucja, multiplikacja i redukcja oraz zauważalne tendencje rozwojowe w podsystemie morfologicznym i syntaktycznym. Najszybciej na zmiany społeczno- polityczne reaguje słownictwo, najwolniej składnia języka. Na poziomie morfologicznym największą dynamikę przejawia deklinacja rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego. Wspólną cechą zmian w omówionych podsystemach jest tendencja do ekonomizacji języka przejawiająca się w upraszczaniu, unifikacji i regularności form, zmniejszeniu liczby form sekundarnych oraz eliptyczność.
The aim of this study is to identify the most important mechanisms of the dynamics of the contemporary Slovak language including substitution, multiplication and reduction and noticeable trends in the morphological and syntactic subsystems. Vocabulary tends to be the part of language reacting to social and political changes the fastest. Syntax, on the other hand, is the slowest. On the morphological level, declension of masculine nouns enjoys the highest growth rate. The changes in the discussed subsystems are all leaned towards language economization which manifests itself in simplification, unification and regularity of the forms, reducing the number of secondary forms and ellipsis.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze; 2016, 32; 157-167
2082-9825
2450-0259
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy zrównoważonego użytkowania surowców mineralnych
Problems of Sustainable Use of Mineral Resources
Autorzy:
Gałuszka, A.
Migaszewski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
surowce mineralne
rozwój zrównoważony
recykling
substytucja
biotechnologia
mineral resources
sustainable development
recycling
substitution
biotechnology
Opis:
Surowce mineralne należą do nieodnawialnych zasobów przyrody. Ich ilość w skorupie ziemskiej jest ograniczona a regeneracja możliwa jedynie w specyficznych warunkach geologicznych oraz w czasie obejmującym setki, tysiące, a nawet miliony lat. Trwałość użytkowania surowców mineralnych zależy przede wszystkim od ochrony i racjonalnej gospodarki tymi zasobami przyrody, jednak w obliczu rosnącej liczby mieszkańców Ziemi, oszczędność ta tylko w niewielkim stopniu przyczyni się do zaspokojenia wzrastającego zapotrzebowania na surowce mineralne. W artykule przedstawiono metody, które służą przedłużeniu trwałości użytkowania surowców mineralnych oraz zasygnalizowano problemy, z jakimi może być związane wdrażanie zrównoważonej gospodarki surowcami mineralnymi.
Mineral raw materials belong to non-renewable resources. Their content in the Earth’s crust is limited and they undergo regeneration only in specific geologic conditions during hundreds, thousands or even millions of years. The sustainable use of mineral resources depends mostly on their protection and efficient management. However, due to growing population on Earth, the economy will not fulfill an increasing demand for mineral resources. This article presents various methods of extending the future availability of mineral resources, as well as indicates some potential problems in implementation of sustainable management of mineral resources.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2009, 4, 1; 123-130
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Properties of particleboards produced with use of Sida hermaphrodita Rusby
Autorzy:
Czarnecki, R.
Dziurka, D.
Lecka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
substitution
Sida hermaphrodita
stem
production process
particle board
moisture content
mechanical property
resistance property
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo; 2010, 41
0071-6685
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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