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Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 5153
Tytuł:
Road transport systems safety criteria
Autorzy:
Bojar, P.
Woropay, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246516.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
safety
intentional state boundary state critical state
Opis:
Identification of boundary values and features which describe a system operation safety is a crucial problem for assessment of the system operation safety. In this article, an attempt to match features necessary for a description of a given system operation safety and determine their boundary values, has been made. Determination of boundary values of safety features will allow to evaluate the system safety level. The following variables have been accepted as safety features: the number of accidents, the number of fatalities, and the number of people injured in those accidents. According to these values, probability values of the numbers of people who were killed and who were injured in those accidents have been established. Probability value equal to zero has been accepted as the intentional state, the interval between 0 and the mean value of a given feature determines the acceptable state, the interval between the mean value of a given feature probability and value 0.1 determines the boundary state, whereas all features assuming values higher than 0.1 refer to the system critical state. The presented research results are considered as directives for development of safety criteria for road transport systems and determination of their critical values. The proposed method of boundary values determination can be used for assessment of safety for different transport systems.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 31-38
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afghanistan Ordinary state, failed state, or something else?
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
Afghanistan
fragile state
failed state
decentralized state
president
Taliban
Opis:
Objectives: Analysys of Afghan state as interesting and unique case of the failed state, with has strong historical roots. It is also very important question of Euro-Atlantic approach to internal problems of Afghanistan and understanding that this state belonging to other - Islamic - traditions. Material and methods: The main sources uses to analyse the problems of Afghan state are historical sources, like documents from National Archive (London) and books fom 19th century, current books, press materials (especially from Afghanistan) and reports from renowned international organizations. Results: n broad terms, the article will contribute to the understending the specifical situation of institutions, government and president in Afghanistan. Conclusions: The closing conclusions is that the Euro-Atlantic approach to Afghan state and its problems is wrong and it is an obstacle to understanding challenges and finally may even be harmful. This attitude is very dangerous if we take in to account the Taliban and ISIS activities in the region.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 43, 4; 101-117
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The State and the People: Relations Old and New
Autorzy:
Raciborski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-03-23
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
state
nation state
powerful state
welfare state
legitimization
the people
citizen
civil society
Opis:
This article strives to assess the condition of the contemporary state. The author thinks that the contemporary state is more powerful than ever in history and that this power is strongly rooted in the wants of its citizens. The recent global economic crisis has legitimized the state even further. Although the contemporary state is increasingly polycentric and its structures are less and less hierarchic and transparent, the identity and integration of the political system are not in danger. The state’s immense power is a serious threat to its citizens and to democracy. The processes of nationalization of societies are stronger than the processes of socialization of states. Hence one of the (widely understood) key problems of theWest is how to preserve citizen autonomy. This autonomy is being increasingly threatened by various state agencies and the welfare state’s typical clientism, which try to control each and every citizen. The usual response to this danger is to call for limitation of the state’s role, for a minimal state, etc. This author thinks that such postulates are unrealistic, because citizens want the state to be a welfare state and because such a state is functional for democracy. The best response to the threat to individual autonomy and to democracy is the republican response: only the politically mobilized people can maintain an elementary level of state socialization and an essential degree of state segmentation, both of which create the necessary space for individual freedom.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 173, 1; 3-20
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Reemergence of Grass-roots State An Ethnography on Town Governments
Autorzy:
Yuan, Shen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-09-29
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
grass-roots state
township governments
solid state
financial state
Opis:
The author supplies the reader with important information about Chinese self-organisation and self-government. In his analysis, employed is an interesting category-the grass-roots state, as the idea closest to the reality and tradition of Chinese rural self-government. The reader will notice some resemblance of the Chinese conception to the republican political idea of Europe. The text based on pioneer research will give the reader information about the attitudes of social researchers to problems of society’s sovereignty with respect to the state. This text is also meant to turnWestern sociologist’s attention to the great diversity of government systems in China today.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2009, 167, 3; 439-444
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stress-dilatancy for soils. Part I: The frictional state theory
Autorzy:
Szypcio, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
soils
dilatancy
critical state
frictional state
critical frictional state
Opis:
An unconventional subdivision of volumetric strains, the newly formulated frictional and critical frictional states and some of energetic and stress condition assumptions result in new stress-plastic dilatancy relationships. These new stress-plastic dilatancy relationships are functions of the deformation mode and drainage conditions. The critical frictional state presented in this paper is a special case of the classical critical state.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2016, 38, 4; 51-57
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
(Im)possible Escape? H. G. Wells, Utopia and the World State
Autorzy:
Klonowska, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912006.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
nation state
world state
utopia
Opis:
This article reviews the recent monograph by Maxim Shadurski, The Nationality of Utopia. H. G. Wells, England, and the World State (New York: Routledge, 2020) in the context of utopian studies on the one hand, and the political ideas of the nation state vs. world state on the other.
Źródło:
New Horizons in English Studies; 2021, 6; 236-241
2543-8980
Pojawia się w:
New Horizons in English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Welfare State in a State of Crisis?
Autorzy:
Tittenbrun, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25806592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
welfare state
globalisation
state
crisis
Opis:
The paper sets out to deconstruct two concepts featuring in the title. Firstly, a novel definition of the welfare state based on economic ownership is presented, used then throughout the paper to examine the facts behind the widespread view of the welfare state finding itself in a crisis. Upon scrutiny, it turns out that empirical evidence to support the thesis under investigation is weak at best; neither globalisation nor Europeanization bring about any significant quantitative or qualitative worsening of welfare parameters. In addition, it is imperative not to put all the welfare states into one bag, as they in fact represent a plethora of diverse social-protection regimes.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2013, 6(99); 149-169
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Racja stanu jako suwerenność państwa in actu
Autorzy:
Danek, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
sovereignty
state
reason of state
power
Opis:
The article above attempts to clarify relation between notions of sovereignty and reason of state. Both notions refer to the same matter – state. Author explicates an argument according to which state sovereignty in international relations depends on its amount of power while reason of state is a demand of permanent enlargement of state’s power. Implementation of reason of state leads to increase and enhancement of state sovereignty.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2015, 13; 7-16
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The nation-state and the multicultural society
Autorzy:
Sadowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
national state
multinational state
multicultural society
Opis:
In the article, the author presents the basic relations between a nation state and a multicultural society. According to the author, the attitude of the nation state and the dominant nation in the state to the phenomenon of cultural diversity of society is a key phenomenon in the theory and practice of multiculturalism. Namely, the nation state is characterized by two strategies defining the attitude to the cultural diversity of society. It is a strategy of cultural homogenization and a pluralistic. The emergence of a pluralistic strategy begins with the occurrence and eventual growth of phenomena and processes referred to as multiculturalism and multicultural society.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2019, 3
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian TV market: Between state supervision, commercial logic and simulacrum of public service
Autorzy:
Kiriya, Ilya
Degtereva, Elena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
state television
broadcasting, power
state and social control
state ownership
state regulation
homogenization of TV content
Opis:
The state plays supervising rather than regulative role on the Russian TV market, being an acting force per se on this market. The state takes care of the ideological and moral health of citizens as a missionary. In this respect the Russian State TV cannot be classified as public TV – as the social order could not be formed by society. Instead the order is dropped down from power structures, imposing state ideas of social development and providing reproduction of power elite.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2010, 3, 1(4); 37-51
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Essence and content of the management process by the state reserve of Ukraine
Autorzy:
Chechel, Oleh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
state reserve
strategic reserve
State Reserve
state administration
institutional support
formation of state reserve
national security
Opis:
The article identifies the special significance of state reserves for purposes of ensuring the national security of Ukraine. Established the main purpose of state reserves as a set of strategic reserves of the state to overcome the effects of risk factors. A review and analysis of recent domestic publications on this topic was done. The main definitions of state reserves are found. Established that the existing definitions of state reserves have, mainly, the material and economic plane of understanding. The author’s definition of state reserves was derived and proposed. It was noted that the definition should also contain an institutional and organizational component. The main structural components of state reserve are considered, among which the mobilization reserve, reserves to meet the strategic needs of the country and reserves to perform priority work during emergency response are identified. The peculiarity of the process of state reserve management is studied, where such classical components as normative-legal, institutional and organizational are singled out. A number of normative legal acts were analyzed, which regulate the basic principles of formation, use and disposal of state reserve of Ukraine, as well as the principles of activity of the State Reserve. Established that the institutional component of state reserve management process is embodied in the State Reserve, which is the central body of executive power. The relevance of the thesis that activity of the State Reserve as an active subject of economic processes is one of the main elements of state reserves management is also proved. The content of the process of managing the state reserve is revealed through the need to stabilize the socio-economic situation both in conditions of uncertainty and the consequences of emergencies, and in the normal functioning of the state economy. The essence of process of state reserve management is defined as the rational use of material and technical values that form the strategic reserve of state, in order to regulate economic development in normal socio-economic conditions or quickly overcome the negative consequences of man-made or natural emergencies as well as the consequences of martial law.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2021, 16; 24-37
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monitoring of State in Program Simulator of Electronic Device
Autorzy:
Czeberkus, P.
Timofeev, A. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
simulation
electronic device
state
monitoring of state
Opis:
The article presents the interactive method of state monitoring of electronic device in autonomous simulated application. Form of electronic device state presentation is discussed. The information about state is presented by means of a special template, which can include both text and graphics. Author of model can decide about the format of displayed results. Implementation of the subsystem for monitoring electronic devices states, simulation course and observation of results are described. It is coming in sight, that the interactive monitoring of simulated devices state by means of text and graphics is readable, intelligible and more user friendly, and also it helps to understand better the processes, which take place in simulated devices and it is a good solution for didactics reasons.
Źródło:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology; 2007, 1(8); 33-40
1731-2264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Les biens de l’entreprise d’État dans la République Populaire de Pologne à la lumière des prescriptions sur la réforme économique
Autorzy:
Dybowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43665784.pdf
Data publikacji:
1984-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
goods
state enterprise
economic reform
state economy
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1984, 1-2(61-62); 23-33
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna w sprawie możliwości pociągnięcia do odpowiedzialności przed Trybunałem Stanu wybranych podmiotów z powodu przyjęcia ustawy budżetowej, która przewiduje inny wymiar wydatków na określone cele, niż wynika to z przepisów innych ustaw
Legal opinion on the possibility of holding some entities accountable before the State Tribunal for the adoption of the Budget Act which provides the amount of expenditures for specific purposes other than resulting from the provisions of other statutes
Autorzy:
Chybalski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
State budget
constitutional accountability
Tribunal of State
Opis:
The author argues that the inconsistency between the Budget Act and other statutes can be eliminated by way of amendment of the Budget Act or amendment of the relevant implementing provisions. The accountability for adoption of the Budget Act cannot be assigned to any of the entities, unless in the course of work on the Bill constitutionally provided procedural requirements have been breached. The author points out that some participants in the legislative procedure cannot be held accountable before the Tribunal of State due to material incompatibility of parliamentary mandate.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 2(42); 67-75
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zakaz handlu w niedziele jako przejaw pozytywnej interwencji państwa w rynek. Ujęcie personalistyczne
Autorzy:
Drobny, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
state interventionism
personalist economics
person
market
state
Opis:
The article is an attempt to look at the relationship between the state and the market on the example of the prohibition of trade on Sunday through the prism of the personalistic economy. The article has a metaeconomic character. Its aim is to show that state intervention in the market mechanism in the form of the prohibition of trade on Sunday is not aimed at trade as an economic activity, but is a natural consequence of the community-forming function of the state. In the first part, the author presents a personalistic approach to the state and the market as well as relations between them. In turn, in the second part, he describes the essence of the Sunday dispute in the context of a personalistic approach to the market and shows that state intervention, consisting in protecting Sunday from being limited to the seventh working day, protects it against rationalization and marketization, i.e. its derealization.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2019, 22, 4; 37-57
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stress-dilatancy relationship for railway balast
Autorzy:
Dołżyk-Szypcio, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178215.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
railway ballast
critical state
frictional state
dilatancy
Opis:
Knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of ballast is very important for designing a railway track, especially for high-speed lines. The monotonic drained triaxial tests of scaled and fouled ballast presented in literature were analysed using the Frictional State Theory. The stress-plastic dilatancy relationship shows that four characteristic stages of shearing may be specified. The influence of stress level and water content may be quantified by the use of the Frictional State Theory.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2018, 40, 2; 79-85
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The secular state in the context of the contemporary European constitutionalism
Państwo laickie w świetle dorobku współczesnego konstytucjonalizmu europejskiego
Autorzy:
Borecki, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
secularity
secular state
separation of church and state
neutral outlook of the state
Opis:
In today’s Europe the secular state dominates. Disseminating the principles of the secular state in Europe promotes the diversity of religious and philosophical populations. The principle of the secular state no longer serves to reduce the social significance of religion or religious organizations. A way of expressing the principle of secularism in constitutional acts is diverse – it is often necessary for complex analysis of the content of the constitution. The principle of the secular state is expressed in the constitutions of approximately 14% of European countries. State Secularism is often equated with the principle of separation of church and state. In Europe, however, there are examples of countries that are exceptions to this rule. In total, the formal separation of church and state is expressed in approximately 25% of the constitutions of European countries. Often the principle of this separation in the Basic Law is expressed in a veiled manner. The most important feature of a secular state is considered to be the modern principle of neutrality. However, it is rarely explicitly expressed in the Basic Law in Europe. Its spread was mostly driven by the constitutional court decisions and statements of the doctrine of the law.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 174-191
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
US president’s inauguration ceremonial as a factor in intercultural communication
Autorzy:
Zakharova, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
state
ruling elite
state image
foreign policy
culture
Opis:
The article considers the history and development of the inauguration ceremonies of US presidents. Their role in legitimizing power and their influence on creating the image of the state is evaluated. The very specificity of the inauguration as a social phenomenon makes this ceremonial action a kind of illustration of the cultural condition, mores and tastes of society, national characteristics, becoming a symbolic characteristic of hierarchical differences. Its norms reflect not only ideology, but also the social psychology of society, without an adequate interpretation of which it is impossible to correctly understand the behavior of statesmen in specific situations related to their social status. State civil and military ceremonies, being, as a rule, striking events in the life of the state, have symbolic meaning. They establish a balance between their immediate participants and the highest environment, testify to the stability/instability within the ruling elite. Modern ceremonials of the inauguration of world presidents are politics, prestige, and the image of the government in power.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 12; 114-124
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State-Building and Democracy: Prosperity, Representation and Security in Kosovo
Autorzy:
Silander, Daniel
Janzekovitz, John
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-10-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Failing state
State-building
Prosperity
Security
Representation
Kosovo
Opis:
The traditional assumption of the state sovereignty norm has been that an international society of states will structure the international order to safeguard the interests of the state. The end of the Cold War era transformed international relations and led to a discussion on how states interacted with their populations. From the early 1990s, research on international relations, war and peace, and security studies identified the growing problem of failing states. Such states are increasingly unable to implement the core functions that define the sovereignty norms. This article explores the state-building process of Kosovo with a focus on the political road taken from independence in February 2008 to the challenges Kosovo faces today. Kosovo still has substantial issues to address regarding core state functions in the development of prosperity, popular representation and security.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2012, 14; 39-52
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La faillite de l’entreprise d’Etat en droit polonais
Autorzy:
Klein, Alfred
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43463970.pdf
Data publikacji:
1986-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
bankruptcy of a state-owned enterprise
state enterprise
Opis:
The article tackles the problem of the state-owned enterprises’ insolvency accordingly to the Law of the 25th September 1981 on the state-owned Enterprise. As their functioning, except public utility enterprises, is based on the self-financing, they can be subject to liquidation or insolvency. The insolvency is regulated by the Law of the 29th June 1983 on the improvement of the economic situation of the state-owned  enterprise and its insolvency and the Regulation of the President of the Republic of Poland from 24 October 1934 which are analysed in the further part of the article. It is highlighted that the possibility of insolvency of the state-owned enterprise was introduced by the regulation from 1981 and was not provided, neither in the Decree of 3rd January 1987 on the creation of state-owned enterprises, nor in the Decree of 26th of October 1950 on the state-owned enterprises. There are three groups of enterprises excluded from this legal act. The first group concerns Polish Railways, Polish Airlines LOT and state’s banks. In the second group, we can find those enterprises which can declare the insolvency only voluntarily (enterprises working under the supervision of the Ministry of Finances or Ministry of Defence or for this Ministries, and certain enterprises under supervision of Ministry of Justice). The third group concerns the public utility enterprises. Next part of the article analyses the procedure of insolvency. Primary aim is to guarantee, at least partial, satisfaction of creditors’ claims. Secondly, it lets the responsible person to limit personal liability to the value of the moral person’s assets. Thirdly, it should simulate the economic activity and the effectiveness of the enterprises by eliminating those operating for loses and by passing their assets to the enterprise which would make a better usage of it. The further part of the article lists the subjects who can initiate the procedure of insolvency. These are: the director responsible for the enterprise, the liquidator, the resolution committee, the founding organ and the bank which finances the enterprise in question. The reasons for which each of the aforementioned subjects can demand the insolvency are analysed in detail thereafter. The adopted law mentions two conditions under which the procedure of insolvency can be initiated. The first is the impossibility, confirmed in the balance sheet, to cover the enterprise’s obligations by its assets. The second is lack of regulation of debts for six months after the creditor’s formal demand. These two conditions are independent from each other and do not have to be meet together. The administration of the enterprise  is entrusted to the trustee, who can be physical or legal person, designed by the Council of Ministers. The labour contracts with employees are terminated with upon prescript notice period.  Under certain conditions, it is possible to initiate a corrective programme which may help to avoid the insolvency, what is analysed in details in the last part of the article.
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1986, 3-4(71-72); 31-49
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Algebraic forms of solutions of linear state equations for determined control vectors
Autorzy:
Porada, Ryszard
Mielczarek, Norbert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/376440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
state equation
solutions of state equations
algebraic forms
Opis:
Despite intensive development of numerical methods of resolution of ordinary differential equations, we still seek analytical solutions of these equations in the algebraic form. The analytical solution in an algebraic form, is very convenient in case of investigation of the course of solution in a large interval of changes of parameters, it also gives more qualitative informations. This concerns first of all linear equations which are the most often met models of physical objects. Important advantage of these solutions is also their open form regarding established state of the system. The paper proves existence of algebraic forms of solutions of control vectors with components: exponential, sinusoidal with different circular frequencies and sinusoidal multiple. Also solutions for other kind of control vectors which are mentioned in the literature are presented.
Źródło:
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering; 2020, 104; 75-86
1897-0737
Pojawia się w:
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Strategy to Counteract an Immigration Threat
Autorzy:
Lubiewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
state security system
state security strategy
immigration threats
Opis:
The article concerns the assessment of the issue of immigration in Poland from a strategic perspective, in the context of the directions of counteracting possible threats generated by this phenomenon. The contemporary state has to deal with many dilemmas, among which undoubtedly is the phenomenon of immigration. It is not a problem if it is coming up against the needs of the state of immigration, such as filling shortages in the domestic labor market. However, as the experience of Western European countries shows, this phenomenon is not easily regulated, and therefore it is not difficult to generate risks instead of the planned benefits. In this context, one should remember about the situation of Western European countries with extensive migration networks on their territories. It concerns not only the problems they are currently facing in trying to regulate the inflow of immigrants, but also far from the expected effects of actions aimed at integrating the immigrant communities with the new state. In the Polish strategic documents for years, immigration has been defined as a phenomenon requiring special attention of the state. Subsequent security strategies in their assessments sustained this direction of perception, however, this did not result in a wider approach to the problem. It seems, however, that the state security system requires continuous improvement of threats monitoring mechanisms, mainly to precisely determine not only the risk of their occurrence and scope, but also to define methods of counteracting them.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(1); 57-68
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Defense Spending as a Determinant of Poland’s Military Strength
Autorzy:
Sałek-Imińska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
defense spending
state military strength
state budget
GDP
Opis:
The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of Poland’s defense spending in the years 2008–2018, in the context of their impact on the military strength of the state. The research question of this study is whether the amount of defense spending included in the state budget is a determinant of Poland’s military strength. In accordance with the methodology adopted by NATO, the analysis includes the following aspects: total planned and executed defense spending, the share of defense spending in the state budget spending, the relation of defense spending to the GDP growth rate, and the share of defense spending in GDP. In analyzing Poland’s military strength, a world military strength ranking, Global Firepower, was used. The result of the research is that the most important factors that impact the military strength of individual state economies include the amount of budget spending incurred for the functioning and modernization of the armed forces.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2020, 33(33); 118-131
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stress-dilatancy for soils. Part IV: Experimental validation for simple shear conditions
Autorzy:
Szypcio, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178165.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
soils
dilatancy
critical state
frictional state
simple shear
Opis:
This paper validates the frictional state theory using published experimental data from simple, direct and ring shear tests. Simple shear is treated as a special case of plane strain conditions. In order to define complete stress and strain, additional assumptions are made: in the direct shear and ring shear tests, simple shear is assumed to occur in the shear band. For Φ° = Φ’ϲϑ = Φ’r, the stress-dilatancy relationship obtained from the frictional state theory is similar to the relationships proposed by Taylor and Bolton. Further experiments, especially those that use a hollow cylindrical shear apparatus, are necessary to fully validate the frictional state theory in simple shear conditions.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2017, 39, 1; 81-88
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Formal and Legal Requirements for State Intervention in Extraordinary Situations, Crisis Management and States of Emergency in Poland
Autorzy:
Ilnicki, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-11
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
state security
crisis
particular threats to state security
Opis:
The reasons for introducing states of emergency, implementing crisis management or taking remedial actions once an extraordinary situation has been identified are specific threats, especially to life and limb, property, natural environment, state security, public order and civil rights. Poland’s international obligations to give an appropriate military or economic response or to support the security of other countries can also be a prerequisite. The type, form, time and place of intervention by public authorities are dependent on the conditions accompanying the threats disrupting the standard functioning of the state and the degree of their harmfulness. The paper aims to present the complexity of classification challenges that emerge before adequate formal and legal decisions are made, as well as the principles of their implementation, while also recommending appropriate modifications. By using critical, institutional-legal and comparative analysis, the study assesses the adequacy of potential interventions with reference to existing legislative standards, as well as situational and environmental conditions. The conducted research relates to Poland’s peacetime security conditions.
Przyczyną wprowadzenia stanów nadzwyczajnych, zastosowania zarządzania kryzysowego czy też podjęcia działań zaradczych po zakwalifikowaniu zdarzeń do grupy sytuacji nadzwyczajnych są szczególne zagrożenia – zwłaszcza dla życia, zdrowia lub mienia oraz środowiska naturalnego, bezpieczeństwa państwa i utrzymania porządku publicznego, a także praw obywatelskich. Przesłankami będą również międzynarodowe zobowiązania Polski do stosownej reakcji o charakterze militarnym lub gospodarczym, wspierającej bezpieczeństwo innych państw. Rodzaj, forma, czas i miejsce interwencji władzy publicznej wynikają z uwarunkowań towarzyszących zagrożeniom zakłócającym normalne funkcjonowanie państwa oraz ze stopnia ich szkodliwości. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie złożoności wyzwań klasyfikacyjnych poprzedzających podjęcie adekwatnych formalnoprawnych decyzji oraz zasad dotyczących ich realizacji z jednoczesnym zarekomendowaniem odpowiednich modyfikacji. Przy wykorzystaniu analizy krytycznej, instytucjonalno-prawnej i porównawczej dokonana zostanie ocena adekwatności potencjalnych interwencji na tle obowiązujących unormowań legislacyjnych oraz występujących sytuacyjnych i środowiskowych uwarunkowań. Przeprowadzone badania dotyczą bezpieczeństwa naszego państwa w pokojowych warunkach jego funkcjonowania.
Die Gründe für die Verhängung von Notständen, die Anwendung von Krisenmanagement oder das Ergreifen von Gegenmaßnahmen nach Ereignissen, die als Notfälle eingestuft wurden, sind spezifische Bedrohungen - insbesondere für Leben, Gesundheit oder Eigentum und die Umwelt, die Sicherheit des Staates und die Aufrechterhaltung der öffentlichen Ordnung sowie die Rechte der Bürger. Der Grund dafür sind auch die internationalen Verpflichtungen Polens, angemessen zu reagieren, sei es militärisch oder wirtschaftlich, um die Sicherheit anderer Staaten zu unterstützen. Art, Form, Zeitpunkt und Ort des Eingreifens der Behörden richten sich nach den Umständen der Bedrohung, die das normale Funktionieren des Staates stört, und nach dem Grad ihrer Schädlichkeit. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Komplexität der Einstufungsprobleme im Vorfeld angemessener formaler und rechtlicher Entscheidungen sowie die Regeln für ihre Umsetzung darzustellen und gleichzeitig geeignete Änderungen zu empfehlen. Mittels einer kritischen, institutionell-rechtlichen und vergleichenden Analyse wird die Angemessenheit möglicher Interventionen vor dem Hintergrund der bestehenden Rechtsnormen und der bestehenden Situations- und Umweltbedingungen bewertet. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen befassen sich mit der Sicherheit unseres Landes unter friedlichen Bedingungen seines Funktionierens.
Основанием для введения чрезвычайного положения, применения мер по управлению чрезвычайными ситуациями или принятия мер противодействия после того, как происшествия были классифицированы как чрезвычайные, являются определенные угрозы - особенно для жизни, здоровья или имущества и окружающей среды, государственной безопасности и обеспечения общественного порядка, а также защиты прав граждан. Кроме того, предпосылками будут являться международные обязательства Польши по надлежащему реагированию, военного или экономического характера, в целях обеспечения безопасности других государств. Вид, форма, время и место вмешательства государственных органов будут обусловлены условиями, связанными с угрозами, нарушающими обычную деятельность государства и уровень опасности. Цель данной статьи - представить сложность вопросов по классификации, предшествующих соответствующим формально-юридическим решениям, и принципы, касающиеся их реализации, а также рекомендовать соответствующие изменения. Используя критический, институционально-правовой и сравнительный анализ, дается оценка соответствия потенциальных вмешательств на фоне существующих законодательных положенийб а также ситуационных и местных условий. Проводимые исследования касаются безопасности нашей страны в мирных условиях ее функционирования.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2022, 14(1); 63-75
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 5153

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