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Tytuł:
Adaptive fuzzy-sliding mode controller for trajectory tracking control of quad-rotor
Autorzy:
Simoud, Lahcen
Kadri, Boufeldja
Bousserhane, Ismail Khalil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
quadrotor UAV
sliding mode control
adaptive PD-Slidng mode controller
fuzzy PD-sliding mode
Opis:
This paper deals with the design of an adaptive-fuzzy-PD-Sliding mode controller to achieve stabilization of a quadrotor aircraft in the presence of wind disturbance. Firstly, the dynamic system modeling is carried out using Euler-Lagrange formalism. Then, an adaptive PD-sliding mode control system with an integral-operation switching surface is investigated for quadrotor desired trajectory tracking. Finally, an adaptive fuzzy-PD-sliding mode controller is proposed to achieve control objectives and system stabilization where the fuzzy logic system used to dynamically control parameters settings of the PD-sliding mode equivalent control law. Effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme is verified through simulation results taking into account external disturbances. The simulation results of a quadrotor aircraft control with the proposed controller demonstrate the high performance during flight such as null tracking error and robustness in the presence of external disturbances.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2020, 14, 2; 15-24
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Filtered integral sliding mode control in a two-mass drive system
Autorzy:
Dróżdż, P.
Szabat, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
filtered integral sliding mode control
integral sliding mode control
two-mass system
chattering alleviation
Opis:
The paper presents issues related to the application of filtered integral sliding mode control to a two-mass drive system. A classical control structure has been presented and its design procedure is shown in detail. The properties of the classical structure, in which the chattering phenomenon seems to be a big drawback, have been summarized. In order to eliminate this phenomenon, an output low-pass filter has been proposed and the performance of this system has been tested. In order to improve its characteristics, an adaptive low-pass filter has been proposed. The bandwidth of the filter was changed on-line by the fuzzy system according to the current state of the plant. During the steady-states, the bandwidth is low to eliminate chattering effect, and during transients higher in order to ensure the fast dynamics of the plant.
Źródło:
Power Electronics and Drives; 2017, 2, 37/1; 121-134
2451-0262
2543-4292
Pojawia się w:
Power Electronics and Drives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Robust impedance control of a piezoelectric stage under thermal and external load disturbances
Autorzy:
Zareinejad, M.
Rezaei, S. M.
Ghidary, S. S.
Abdullah, A.
Motamedi, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
piezoelectric actuator
sliding mode
impedance control
hysteresis
Opis:
Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in micromanipulation tasks such as atomic force microscopy and cell manipulation. However, the hysteresis nonlinearity and the creep reduce their fidelity and cause difficulties in the micromanipulation control procedure. Besides, variation of temperature and external loads could change the model parameters identified for the piezo actuator. In this paper, a novel feedforward-feedback controller is proposed. The modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii model is utilized to linearize the actuator hysteresis in feedforward scheme and a sliding mode based impedance control with perturbation estimation is used to cancel out the thermal and external load disturbances in feedback scheme. The efficiency of the proposed controller is verified by experiments.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2009, 38, 3; 635-648
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of an Induction Motor Using Sliding Mode Linearization
Autorzy:
Etien, E.
Cauet, E.
Rambault, L.
Champenois, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
automatyka
induction motor
sliding mode control
linearization
Opis:
Nonlinear control of the squirrel induction motor is designed using sliding mode theory. The developed approach leads to the design of a sliding mode controller in order to linearize the behaviour of an induction motor. The second problem described in the paper is decoupling between two physical outputs: the rotor speed and the rotor flux modulus. The sliding mode tools allow us to separate the control from these two outputs. To take account of parametric variations, a model-based approach is used to improve the robustness of the control law despite these perturbations. Experimental results obtained with a laboratory setup illustrate the good performance of this technique.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2002, 12, 4; 523-531
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sliding mode control for longitudinal aircraft dynamics
Autorzy:
Iskrenovic-Momcilovic, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/385149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
aircraft dynamics
control
elevator
longitudinal
sliding mode
Opis:
The control of the longitudinal aircraft dynamics is challenging because the mathematical model of aircraft is highly nonlinear. This paper considers a sliding mode control design based on linearization of the aircraft, with the pitch angle and elevator deflection as the trim variables. The design further exploits the decomposition of the aircraft dynamics into its short-period and phugoid approximations. The discrete-time variable structure system synthesis is performed on the base of the elevator transfer function short-period approximation. This control system contains a sliding mode controller, an observer, based on nominal aircraft model without finite zero and two additional control channels for the aircraft and for the aircraft model. The realised system is stable and robust for parameter and external disturbances.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2018, 12, 3; 55-60
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Continuous and discrete sliding mode control of an active car suspension system
Autorzy:
Łuczko, J.
Ferdek, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
sliding mode control
active damping
car suspension
Opis:
In this paper, sliding mode control (SMC) algorithms are tested for their use in an active car suspension system. Using the quarter model of the car as an example, the comparison of the efficiency of the algorithms is made. A continuous and two discrete versions of the sliding mode control are taken into consideration. The study is limited to finding the relation between the control parameters and the comfort factor. This is done by analyzing the response of the model to the harmonic and impulse excitation.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2016, 54, 1; 3-11
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An itae optimal sliding mode controller for systems with control signal and velocity limitations
Autorzy:
Pietrala, Mateusz
Leśniewski, Piotr
Bartoszewicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
sliding mode control
optimal control
state constraints
Opis:
In this paper, a sliding mode controller, which can be applied for second-order systems, is designed. Robustness to external disturbances, finite regulation time and a good system’s behaviour are required for a sliding mode controller. In order to achieve the first two of these three goals, a non-linear, time-varying switching curve is introduced. The representative point (state vector) belongs to this line from the very beginning of the control process, which results in elimination of the reaching phase. The stable sliding motion along the switching curve is provided. Natural limitations such as control signal and system’s velocity constraints will be taken into account. In order to satisfy them, the sliding line parameters will be properly selected. However, a good dynamical behaviour of the system has to be provided. In order to achieve that, the integral time absolute error (ITAE) quality index will be introduced and minimised. The simulation example will verify theoretical considerations.
Źródło:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2023, 17, 2; 230--238
1898-4088
2300-5319
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dead-Beat and reaching law based sliding mode control laws for perishable inventories with transportation losses
Autorzy:
Bartoszewicz, A.
Maciejewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229507.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sliding mode control
perishable inventories
inventory control
Opis:
This paper describes discrete sliding mode (SM) supply management strategies for inventory systems with perishable goods and transportation losses. In the considered systems, the stock used to satisfy the unknown, bounded and time-varying demand is replenished with some delay from a distant supply source. The on-hand stock deterioration during lead-time delay, as well as commodity losses in supply process are explicitly taken into account. Two supply management strategies are proposed. The first one ensures fast reaction to the imposed demand variations, but may result in excessive control signal magnitude at the beginning of the inventory management process. Therefore, in order to conform to supplier limitations we also develop an alternative control strategy based on the concept of the reaching law. That strategy helps reduce the initial supply rate and satisfy the supplier limitations. A number of desirable properties of both proposed strategies are formulated and formally proved. These properties include full customer demand satisfaction and elimination of the risk of exceeding the warehouse capacity.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2012, 22, 3; 255-272
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new strongly predefined time sliding mode controller for a class of cascade high-order nonlinear systems
Autorzy:
Abadi, Ali Soltani Sharif
Hosseinabadi, Pooyan Alinaghi
Mekhilef, Saad
Ordys, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229682.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
predefined time
stability
sliding mode
trajectory
synchronization
Opis:
Many real-time systems can be described as cascade space-state models of different orders. In this paper, a new predefined controller is designed using a Strongly Predefined Time Sliding Mode Control (SPSMC) scheme for a cascade high-order nonlinear system. The proposed control scheme based-on SMC methodology is designed such that the system states reach zero within a determined time prior to performing numerical simulation. Moreover, Fixed Time Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) and Terminal Sliding Mode Control (TSMC) schemes are presented and simulated to provide a comparison with the proposed predefined time scheme. The numerical simulation is performed in Simulink/MATLAB for the proposed SPSMC and the other two existing methods on two examples: second and of third order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SPSMC method. The trajectory tracking of the ship course system is addressed a san example of a second-order system. Synchronization of two chaotic systems, Genesio Tesi and Coullet, is considered as an example of a third-order system. Also, by using two performance criteria, a thorough comparison is made between the proposed predefined time scheme, SPSMC, and the two no predefined time schemes, FSMC and TSMC.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2020, 30, 3; 599-620
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sliding mode control of periodic review perishable inventories with multiple suppliers and transportation losses
Autorzy:
Bartoszewicz, A.
Maciejewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
discrete time sliding mode control
sliding surface design
inventory control
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to develop robust and computationally efficient supply chain management strategy ensuring fast reaction to the demand variations for periodic review perishable inventory systems. For that purpose, we apply a sliding mode approach and we propose a new discrete time warehouse management strategy. The strategy employs the sliding hyperplane appropriately designed to ensure a dead-beat performance of the closed loop system. Our strategy not only explicitly takes into account decay of goods stored in the warehouse (perishing inventories) but it also accounts for transportation losses which take place on the way from suppliers to the warehouse. The proposed strategy ensures full customers’ demand satisfaction, minimizes the on-hand inventory volume and prevents from exceeding the warehouse capacity. This reflects the need of simultaneous minimization of the lost sales costs and inventory holding costs. Furthermore, the strategy ensures that the ordered quantities of goods are always non-negative and upper bounded. These favourable properties of the proposed strategy are formally stated as a lemma and three theorems and proved in the paper.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 4; 885-892
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neural Network based control of Robot Manipulator
Autorzy:
Ohri, Arnav
Salim, Salim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
RBF Neural Network
Robotic Manipulator
Sliding Mode Control
Opis:
This article proposes an RBFNN (Radial Basis Function Neural Network) and sliding mode based controller to manipulate the robot manipulator. The technique used has been based on a sliding mode control approach that can drive the system towards a sliding surface by Gaussian radial basis function neural network based tuned-controller.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 121; 9-16
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design and implementation of improved sliding mode controller on 6R manipulator
Autorzy:
Korayem, M. H.
Nekoo, S. R.
Khademi, A.
Abdollahi, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
improved sliding mode control
chattering
DLCC
hardware implementation
Opis:
In this work, we present an improved sliding mode control (ISMC) technique designed and implemented for control of 6R manipulator. Sliding mode control (SMC) is a well-known nonlinear robust method for controlling systems in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances and systems with complex dynamics as in manipulators. Despite this good property, it is difficult to implement this method for the manipulator with a complex structure and more than three degree-of-freedom because of the complicated and massive equation and chattering phenomenon as a property of SMC in control inputs. Here, the chattering phenomenon is eliminated by using an effective algorithm called ISMC and implemented to 6R manipulator by using a low-cost control board based on an ARM microcontroller with high accuracy and memory. The carrying load is considered as the uncertainty for the manipulator, while the dynamic load carrying capacity (DLCC) is considered as a robot performance criterion showing robustness of the controller. The results of simulations and experiments show that the proposed approach has a good performance and is suitable and practical to be applied for manipulators.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2017, 55, 1; 265-280
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Backstepping sliding mode controller improved with fuzzy logic: Application to the quadrotor helicopter
Autorzy:
Zeghlache, S.
Saigaa, D.
Harrag, A.
Kara, K.
Bouguerra, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fuzzy sliding mode
backstepping
quadrotor helicopter
dynamic modeling
Opis:
n this paper we present a new design method for the fight control of an autonomous quadrotor helicopter based on fuzzy sliding mode control using backstepping approach. Due to the underactuated property of the quadrotor helicopter, the controller can move three positions (x;y; z) of the helicopter and the yaw angle to their desired values and stabilize the pitch and roll angles. A first-order nonlinear sliding surface is obtained using the backstepping technique, on which the developed sliding mode controller is based. Mathematical development for the stability and convergence of the system is presented. The main purpose is to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. Thus we have used a fuzzy logic control to generate the hitting control signal. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in vertical flights.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2012, 22, 3; 315-342
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ANFIS-based PID continuous sliding mode controller for robot manipulators in joint space
Autorzy:
Elawady, Wael M.
Asar, Mohammed F.
Sarhan, Amany M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
PID
continuous sliding mode control
ANFIS
uncertainties
robot
Opis:
This paper presents a feasible design for a con- trol algorithm to synthesize an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based PID continuous sliding mode control system (ANFIS- PIDCSMC) for adaptive trajectory tracking control of the rigid robot manipulators (RRMs) in the joint space. First, a PID sliding mode control algorithm with sliding surface dynamics-based continuous proportional-integral (PI) control action (PIDSMC-SSDCPI) is presented. The global stability conditions are formulated in terms of Lyapunov full quadratic form such that the robot system output can track the desired reference output. Second, to increase the control system robustness, the PI control action in the PIDSMC- SSDCPI controller is supplanted by an ANFIS control signal to provide a control approach that can be termed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based PID continuous sliding mode control system (ANFIS-PIDCSMC). For the proposed control algorithm, numerical simulations using the dynamic model of RRM with uncertainties and external disturbances show high quality and effectiveness of the adopted control approach in high-speed trajectory tracking control problems. The simulation results that are compared with the results, obtained for the traditional controllers (standalone PID and traditional sliding mode controller (TSMC)), illustrate the fact that the tracking control behavior of the robot system achieves acceptable tracking performance.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2019, 48, 4; 525-555
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sliding mode observers for fault identification in linear systems not satisfying matching and minimum phase conditions
Autorzy:
Zhirabok, Alexey
Zuev, Alexander
Filaretov, Vladimir
Shumsky, Alexey
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1409401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
linear systems
faults
identification
disturbances
sliding mode observer
Opis:
The paper studies the fault identification problem for linear control systems under the unmatched disturbances. A novel approach to the construction of a sliding mode observer is proposed for systems that do not satisfy common conditions required for fault estimation, in particular matching condition, minimum phase condition, and detectability condition. The suggested approach is based on the reduced order model of the original system. This allows to reduce complexity of sliding mode observer and relax the limitations imposed on the original system.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 2; 253-266
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gaussian process dynamic modeling and backstepping sliding mode control for magnetic levitation system of maglev train
Autorzy:
Sun, Yougang
Wang, Sumei
Lu, Yang
Xu, Junqi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
maglev train
Gaussian process
sliding mode control
parameter perturbations
Opis:
The maglev trains are strongly nonlinear and open-loop unstable systems with external disturbances and parameters uncertainty. In this paper, the Gaussian process method is utilized to get the dynamic parameters, and a backstepping sliding mode controller is proposed for magnetic levitation systems (MLS) of maglev trains. That is, for a MLS of a maglev train, a nonlinear dynamic model with accurate parameters is obtained by the Gaussian process regression method, based on which a novel robust control algorithm is designed. Specifically, the MLS is divided into two sub-systems by a backstepping method. The inter virtual control inputs and the Lyapunov function are constructed in the first sub-system. For the second sub-system, the sliding mode surface is constructed to fulfil the design of the whole controller to asymptotically regulate the airgap to a desired trajectory. The stability of the proposed control method is analyzed by the Lyapunov method. Both simulation and experimental results are included to illustrate the superior performance of the presented method to cope with parameters perturbations and external disturbance.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2022, 60, 1; 49--62
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stability analysis of sliding-mode feedback control
Autorzy:
Clarke, F. H.
Vinter, R. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
sliding-mode control
discontinuous control
Lyapunov functions
stabilization
robustness
Opis:
This paper provides new analytic tools leading to the first rigorous stability and robustness analysis of sliding-mode feedback controllers. Unrestrictive conditions are given, under which these controllers are stabilizing in the presence of large disturbances, conditions invoke the existence of two Lyapunov-type functions, the first associated with passage to the sliding set in finite time, and the second with convergence to the desired state. In this approach, account is taken, from the outset, of implementational constraints. We provide a framework for establishing stability and robustness of the closed-loop system, for a variety of implementation schemes. We illustrate our results by means of two examples of the type frequently encountered in the sliding-mode literature.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2009, 38, 4A; 1169-1192
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hierarchical sliding mode control for a class of SIMO under-actuated systems
Autorzy:
Qian, D.
Yi, J.
Zhao, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
control approaches
control applications
sliding mode control
underactuated systems
Opis:
A hierarchical sliding mode control approach is proposed for a class of SIMO under-actuated systems. This class of under-actuated systems is made up of several subsystems. Based on this physical structure, the hierarchical structure of the sliding surfaces is designed as follows. At first, the sliding surface of every subsystem is defined. Then the sliding surface of one subsystem is defined as the first layer sliding surface. The first layer sliding surface is used to construct the second layer sliding surface with the sliding surface of another subsystem. This process continues till the sliding surfaces of the entire subsystems are included. According to the hierarchical structure, the total control law is deduced by the Lyapunov theorem. In theory, the asymptotic stability of the entire system of sliding surfaces is proven and the parameter boundaries of the subsystem sliding surfaces are given. Simulation results show the feasibility of this control method through two typical SIMO under-actuated systems.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2008, 37, 1; 159-175
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linear Speed Control for Multi-Machine system Using Fuzzy-Sliding Mode
Autorzy:
Bouchiba, B.
Hazzab, A.
Glaoui, H.
Med-Karim, F.
Bousserhane, I. K.
Sicard, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
multi-motors system
fuzzy logic
sliding mode control
MIMO
Opis:
In this contribution, a control scheme based on multi input multi output Fuzzy Sliding Mode control (MIMOFSMC) for linear speed regulation of multi-motors system is proposed. Once the decoupled model of the multi- motors system is obtained, a smooth control function with a threshold was chosen to indicate how far the state from to the sliding surface is. However, the magnitude of this control function depends closely on the upper bound of uncertainties, and this generates chattering. So, this magnitude has to be chosen with great care to obtain high performances. Usually the upper bound of uncertainties is difficult to known before motor operation, so, a Fuzzy Sliding Mode controller is investigated to solve this difficulty; a simple Fuzzy inference mechanism is used to reduce the chattering phenomenon by simple adjustments. A simulation study is carried out and shows that the proposed controller has great potential for use as an alternative to the conventional sliding mode contro.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2012, 6, 1; 3-7
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two cascaded and extended kalman filters combined with sliding mode control for sustainable management of marine fish stocks
Autorzy:
Benz, Katharina
Rech, Claus
Mercorelli, Paolo
Sergiyenko, Oleg
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
Lotka‐Volterra model
sliding mode control
Extended Kalman Filter
Opis:
This paper deals with a possible approach to controlling marine fish stocks using the prey‐predator model described by the Lotka‐Volterra equations. The control strategy is conceived using the sliding mode control (SMC) approach which, based on the Lyapunov theorem, offers the possibility to track desired functions, thus guaranteeing the stability of the controlled system. One of the most important aspects of this model is the identification of some parameters which characterizes the model. In this work two cascaded and Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs) are proposed to estimate them in order to be utilized in SMC. This approach can be used for sustainable management of marine fish stocks: through the developed algorithm, the appropriate number of active fishermen and the suitable period for fishing can be determined. Computer simulations validate the proposed approach.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2020, 14, 3; 28-35
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indirect torque observer-based sensor-less efficient control of bearingless switched reluctance motor using global sliding mode and square currents control method
Autorzy:
Rao, Pulivarthi Nageswara
Devarapalli, Ramesh
Marquez, Fausto Pedro Garcia
Kumar, G. V. Nagesh
Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Behnam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1409027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
bearingless
global sliding mode
efficient: maintenance
safety
torque ripple
Opis:
The Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor (BSRM) is a new technology motor, which overcomes the problems of maintenances required associated with mechanical contacts and lubrication of rotor shaft effectively. In addition, it also improves the output power developed and rated speed. Hence, the BSRM can achieve high output power and super high speed with less size and cost. It has a considerable ripple in the net-torque due to its critical non-linearity and the salient pole structures of both stator and rotor poles. The resultant torque ripple, especially in these motors, causes the more vibrations and acoustic noises will affects the levitated rotor safety also. Practically at high-speed operations, the accurate measurement of the rotor position is complicated for conventional mechanical sensors. A new square currents control with global sliding mode control based sensorless torque observer is proposed to minimize the torque ripple and achieve a smooth, robust operation without using any mechanical sensors. The proposed controller is designed based on the error between the reference and measured torque values. The sliding mode torque observer measures the torque from the actual phase voltages, currents, and look-up tables. The simulation model has been modelled to validate the proposed methodology. From the simulation outputs, it is clear that the reduction of torque ripple by the proposed method shows improved than the conventional sliding mode controller. The overall system is more robust to the external disturbances, and it also gets efficient torque profile.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 1; 53-80
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ship trajectory tracking control system design based on sliding mode control algorithm
Autorzy:
Liu, Y.
Bu, R.
Gao, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
LOS
ship trajectory
tracking control system
sliding mode control
Opis:
The paper reports the design and tests of the planar autopilot navigation system in the three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) plane (surge, sway and yaw) for a ship. The aim of the tests was to check the improved maneuverability of the ship in open waters using the improved nonlinear control algorithm, developed based on the sliding mode control theory for the ship-trajectory tracking problem of under-actuated ships with static constraints, actuator saturation, and parametric uncertainties. With the integration of the simple increment feedback control law, the dynamic control strategy was developed to fulfill the under-actuated tracking and stabilization objectives. In addition, the LOS (line of sight) guidance system was applied to control the motion path, whereas the sliding mode controller was used to emulate the rudder angle and propeller rotational speed control. Firstly, simulation tests were performed to verify the validity of the basic model and the tracking control algorithm. Subsequently, full scale maneuverability tests were done with a novel container ship, equipped with trajectory tracking control and sliding mode controller algorithm, to check the dynamic stability performance of the ship. The results of the theoretical and numerical simulation on a training ship verify the invariability and excellent robustness of the proposed controller, which: effectively eliminates system chattering, solves the problem of lateral drift of the ship, and maintains the following of the trajectory while simultaneously achieving global stability and robustness.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 3; 26-34
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quasi-Sliding Mode Control of Discrete-Time Systems
Autorzy:
Bartoszewicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908266.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
sterowanie
system dyskretny
sliding-mode control
discrete-time systems
Opis:
A reaching law approach to the design of discrete-time quasi-sliding mode control systems is considered. First the required position of the system representative point with reference to the sliding plane is specified, and then novel control strategies, which drive the system in such a way that the position actually changes according to the specification, are proposed. The strategies are linear and consequently the undesirable chattering and high-frequency switching between different values of the control signal are avoided. Furthermore, the state of the controlled system is driven to the narrowest possible band around the sliding plane. The strategies, when compared with previously published results, are simpler and they guarantee favourable performance of the controlled systems while using essentially reduced control effort.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 1999, 9, 4; 801-810
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on beam supply control strategy based on sliding mode control
Autorzy:
Zhang, Hao
Dong, Haiying
Zhang, Baoping
Wu, Tong
Chen, Changwen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
beam supply
DC/DC converter
robustness
sliding mode control
Opis:
In the hybrid multiple H-bridge topology of beam supply, the load change of a DC/DC full-bridge converter can greatly affect the output voltage during onsite operation. An improved sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is thus proposed in this paper, where the rate of switching control is added to the law of system equivalent control to create a law that can realize a complete sliding mode control. Considering the special operating conditions of the load can have an influence on the performance of the controller, the impact of uncertainty existing in onsite conditions is suppressed with the proposed strategy utilized. The validity of the proposed strategy, finally, is verified by simulation, which proves the outperformance of the system in both robustness and dynamics.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2020, 69, 2; 349-364
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of sliding surface on the performances of adaptive sliding mode slip ratio controller for a HEV
Autorzy:
Dash, B. K.
Subudhi, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sliding mode control
slip ratio control
hybrid electric vehicle
sliding surface
ABS
Opis:
Slip ratio control of a ground vehicle is an important concern for the development of antilock braking system (ABS) to avoid skidding when there is a transition of road surfaces. In the past, the slip ratio models of such vehicles were derived to implement ABS. It is found that the dynamics of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is nonlinear, time varying and uncertain as the tire-road dynamics is a nonlinear function of road adhesion coefficient and wheel slip. Sliding mode control (SMC) is a robust control paradigm which has been extensively used successfully in the development of ABS of a HEV. But the SMC performance is influenced by the choice of sliding surface. This is due to the discontinuous switching of control force arising in the vicinity of the sliding surface that produces chattering. This paper presents a detailed study on the effects of different sliding surfaces on the performances of sliding mode based adaptive slip ratio control applied to a HEV.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2013, 23, 2; 187-203
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Firefly algorithm optimization of manipulator robotic control based on fast terminal sliding mode
Autorzy:
Mallem, Ali
Douak, Fouzi
Benaziza, Walid
Bounouara, Asma
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
manipulator robotic
fast terminal sliding mode
firefly algorithm
Lyapunov stability
Opis:
In this paper a new algorithm of optimization in the field of manipulator robotic control is presented. The proposed control approach is based on fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC), in order to guarantee the convergence of the position articulations errors to zero in finite time without chattering phenomena, and the Firefly algorithm in order to generate the optimal parameters that ensure minimum reaching time and mean square error and achieve better performances. This ensures the asymptotic stability of the system using a Lyapunov candidate in the presence of disturbances. The simulations are applied on a two-link robotic manipulator with different tracking references by using Matlab/ Simulink. Results show the efficiency and confirm the robustness of the proposed control strategy.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2022, 16, 4; 44--52
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of four state observer design algorithms for MIMO system
Autorzy:
Vinodh, K. E.
Jovitha, J
Ayyappan, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
luenberger observer
Kalman observer
unknown input observer
sliding mode observer
Opis:
A state observer is a system that models a real system in order to provide an estimate of the internal state of the system. The design techniques and comparison of four different types of state observers are presented in this paper. The considered observers include Luenberger observer, Kalman observer, unknown input observer and sliding mode observer. The application of these observers to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) DC servo motor model and the performance of observers is assessed. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these schemes, the simulated results on the position of DC servo motor in terms of residuals including white noise disturbance and additive faults are compared.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2013, 23, 2; 243-256
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiana położenia układu odwróconego wahadła przy użyciu sterowania ślizgowego
Position changing of inverted pendulum system using a sliding mode control
Autorzy:
Tomera, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/268605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Elektrotechniki i Automatyki
Tematy:
sterowanie ślizgowe
LQR
odwrócone wahadło
sliding mode control
inverted pendulum
Opis:
W referacie przedstawione zostało sterowanie ślizgowe zastosowane do zmiany położenia wózka w układzie odwróconego wahadła. Obiekt sterowania jest nieliniowy, o dwóch stopniach swobody (kąt ustawienia wahadła i pozycja wózka) i jednym wejściu (siła przyłożona do wózka). Zadanie sterowania polega na takim przemieszczaniu położenia wózka, aby wraz z jego zmianami, pręt wahadła balansował w położeniu pionowym i nie przewrócił się. Model matematyczny obiektu składa się z czterech nieliniowych równań stanu. Sterowanie ślizgowe zazwyczaj stosowane jest do obiektów drugiego rzędu, zapisywanych w postaci zmiennych fazowych. Dlatego też w przypadku układu odwróconego wahadła konieczna była dekompozycja problemu i zastosowane zostało dwuwarstwowe sterowanie ślizgowe. W części równoważnej sterowania rozważone zostały regulatory: liniowo-kwadratowy (LQR) i proporcjonalno-całkującoróżniczkujący (PID), które są powszechnie stosowane do sterowania procesami dynamicznymi. Uzyskane układy sterowania ślizgowego są odporne na wpływ działających zakłóceń. Wyniki badań symulacyjnych pokazują efektywność pracy zaproponowanych struktur układów sterowania.
The paper presents sliding mode control, which was used to change the position of the cart in the inverted pendulum system. The plant of control is non-linear, with two degrees of freedom (the angle of the pendulum and the position of the cart) and one input (force applied to the cart). The task is to control the movement of the cart position to get along with his changes, balancing the pendulum rod in the upright position. The mathematical model of the object consists of four nonlinear equations of state. Sliding mode control is normally applied to the second-order systems, presented in the canonical form. Therefore, in the case of an inverted pendulum system, the decomposition of the problem was necessary and two-layer sliding mode control was applied. In the equivalent part of the control, two controllers were considered: linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), which are commonly used to control dynamic processes. The resulting sliding mode control systems are robust to the influence of disturbance input. The results of simulation studies show the effectiveness of the work of the proposed structures of control systems.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej; 2014, 40; 119-126
1425-5766
2353-1290
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Motion control and collision avoidance algorithms for unmanned surface vehicle swarm in practical maritime environment
Autorzy:
Zhuang, Jiayuan
Zhang, Lei
Qin, Zihe
Sun, Hanbing
Wang, Bo
Cao, Jian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
USV
swarm control
collision avoidance
sliding mode
artificial potential field
Opis:
The issue of controlling a swarm of autonomous unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in a practical maritime environment is studied in this paper. A hierarchical control framework associated with control algorithms for the USV swarm is proposed. In order to implement the distributed control of the autonomous swarm, the control framework is divided into three task layers. The first layer is the tele-operated task layer, which delivers the human operator’s command to the remote USV swarm. The second layer deals with autonomous tasks (i.e. swarm dispersion, or avoidance of obstacles and/or inner-USV collisions), which are defined by specific mathematical functions. The third layer is the control allocation layer, in which the control inputs are designed by applying the sliding mode control method. The motion controller is proved asymptotically stable by using the Lyapunov method. Numerical simulation of USV swarm motion is used to verify the effectiveness of the control framework.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2019, 1; 107-116
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Core loss resistance impact on sensorless speed control of an induction motor using hybrid adaptive sliding mode observer
Autorzy:
Ayana, Tadele
Wogi, Lelissa
Morawiec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27309950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
induction motor
loss minimization
core loss
adaptive observer
sliding mode controller
Opis:
Induction motors (IMs) experience power losses when a portion of the input power is converted to heat instead of driving the load. The combined effect of copper losses, core losses, and mechanical losses results in IM power losses. Unfortunately, the core losses in the motor, which have a considerable impact on its energy efficiency, are not taken into account by the generally employed dynamic model in the majority of the studies. Due to this, the motor rating often corresponds to the worst-case load in applications, but the motor frequently operates below rated conditions. A hybridized model reference adaptive system (MRAS) with sliding mode control (SMC) is used in this study for sensorless speed control of an induction motor with core loss, allowing the motor to operate under a variety of load conditions. As a result, the machine can run at maximum efficiency while carrying its rated load. By adjusting the -axis current in the reference frame in vector-controlled drives, the system’s performance is enhanced by running the motor at its optimum flux. Regarding the torque and speed of both induction motors with and without core loss, the Adaptive Observer Sliding Mode Control (AOSMC) has been constructed and simulated in this case. The AOSMC with core loss produced good performance when the proposed controller was tested.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2023, 72, 4; 895--913
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Robust Flow Controllers for a Single Virtual Circuit in Data Transmission Networks with Lossy Links
Autorzy:
Bartoszewicz, A.
Leśniewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi
Tematy:
data transmission networks
congestion control
sliding-mode control
discrete-time systems
Opis:
The paper concerns an application of regulation theory methods to modeling and effective control of connection-oriented data transmission networks. In particular the problem of congestion control in a single virtual circuit of such a network is considered and new discrete-time sliding mode data flow rate controllers are proposed. The controllers are designed in such a way that packet losses are explicitly accounted for. The closed-loop system stability and finitetime error convergence are proved. Moreover, a number of favorable properties of the proposed controllers are stated as theorems, formally proved and verified in a simulation example. It is demonstrated that the proposed controllers guarantee full utilization of the available bandwidth and eliminates the risk of bottleneck node buffer overflow. Application of time-varying sliding hyperplanes helps avoid excessive transmission rates at the beginning of the control process.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Computer Science Methods; 2012, 4 No. 1; 5-20
1689-9636
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Computer Science Methods
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design and Simulation of Direct and Indirect Back EMF Sliding Mode Observer for Sensorless Control of PMSM
Autorzy:
Petro, Viktor
Kyslan, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
back-EMF sliding mode observer
sensorless control
PMSM
phase-locked loop
Opis:
This article compares two sensorless control algorithms for a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) based on the back-EMF sliding mode observer (SMO). Indirect SMO (I-SMO) treats the back-EMF voltages as a disturbance. Direct SMO (D-SMO) considers back-EMF voltages as state-space variables. The same phase-locked loop (PLL) is used for both observers for extraction of the rotor position and speed values from the observed back-EMF voltages. In a sensorless control, the observed speed is used as feedback for the PI controller, and the observed position is used in the Park transformations. Both observers have been implemented and tested with standard field-oriented control. Simulation results indicate rather comparable speed and position estimation precision for both, but the D-SMO indicates slightly higher precision in steady-state. Even more, a tuning procedure of the D-SMO is more straightforward when compared to the I-SMO. Thus, the D-SMO was further verified experimentally with the OP 5600 rapid prototyping device and with a 350 W PMSM drive. Experimental results of the D-SMO are included at the end of the paper.
Źródło:
Power Electronics and Drives; 2020, 5, 40; 215-228
2451-0262
2543-4292
Pojawia się w:
Power Electronics and Drives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quadrotor UAV control for transportation of cable suspended payload
Autorzy:
Kusznir, Tom
Smoczek, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
UAV
quadrotor
under actuated
cable suspended payload
sliding mode control
Opis:
Payload transportation with UAV’s (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) has become a topic of interest in research with possibilities for a wide range of applications such as transporting emergency equipment to otherwise inaccessible areas. In general, the problem of transporting cable suspended loads lies in the under actuation, which causes oscillations during horizontal transport of the payload. Excessive oscillations increase both the time required to accurately position the payload and may be detrimental to the objects in the workspace or the payload itself. In this article, we present a method to control a quadrotor with a cable suspended payload. While the quadrotor itself is a nonlinear system, the problem of payload transportation with a quadrotor adds additional complexities due to both input coupling and additional under actuation of the system. For simplicity, we fix the quadrotor to a planar motion, giving it a total of 4 degrees of freedom. The quadrotor with the cable suspended payload is modelled using the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion and then partitioned into translation and attitude dynamics. The design methodology is based on simplifying the system by using a variable transformation to decouple the inputs, after which sliding mode control is used for the translational and pendulum dynamics while a feedback linearizing controller is used for the rotational dynamics of the quadrotor. The sliding mode parameters are chosen so stability is guaranteed within a certain region of attraction. Lastly, the results of the numerical simulations created in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 2; 77-84
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lqr-Based Nonlinear Tuning Relay Control Design With Fast Convergence
Autorzy:
Yu, X.
Xia, Y.
Ledwich, G.
Oghanna, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908299.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
sterowanie rozdzielcze
sterowanie przekaźnikowe
switching control
LQR
relay control
sliding mode
Opis:
In this article, we present a relay control scheme based on LQR design with fast convergence. This scheme provides a practical and simple way to achieve fast convergence based on the well-known LQR design principle. The controller is a global stabiliser in the sense that for any given initial condition, we can always initialize the controller to drive the system to reach the origin. This controller is tunable in accordance with the position of the system state: the closer to the origin, the larger the control gains, which results in a fast control that maintains bounded control magnitude. It has also been shown that setting matrix Q can significantly influence the tendency of eigenvalues to switch the hyperplane. The relation between matrix Q and the tendency of those eigenvalues has been identified. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 1999, 9, 2; 313-326
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dead-beat and reaching-law-based sliding-mode control of perishable inventory systems
Autorzy:
Ignaciuk, P.
Bartoszewicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sliding-mode control
inventory control
perishable inventories
discrete-time control systems
Opis:
In this paper we consider the problem of efficient control of inventory systems with perishable goods. In the analyzed setting the deteriorating stock at a distribution center used to fulfill unknown, time-varying demand is replenished with delay from a supply source. The challenging issue is to achieve the high service level with minimum costs when the replenishment orders are procured with lead-time delay spanning multiple review periods. On the contrary to the typical heuristic approaches, we apply formal methodology based on discrete-time sliding-mode (SM) control. The proposed SM controller with the sliding plane selected for a dead-beat scheme ensures that the maximum service level is obtained in the system with arbitrary delay and any bounded demand pattern. In order to account for the supplier capacity limitations in the systems with input constraints, we also develop an alternative control strategy based on reaching law. Both controllers achieve a given service level with smaller holding costs and reduced order-to-demand variance ratio as compared to the classical order-up-to policy.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2011, 59, 1; 39-49
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new 4-D hyperchaotic system with no equilibrium, its multistability, offset boosting and circuit simulation
Autorzy:
Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian
Moroz, Irene M.
Sambas, Aceng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
chaos
chaotic systems
hidden attractors
sliding mode control
circuit design
synchronization
Opis:
A new 4-D dynamical system with hyperchaos is reported in this work. It is shown that the proposed nonlinear dynamical system with hyperchaos has no equilibrium point. Hence, the new dynamical system exhibits hidden hyperchaotic attractor. An in-depth dynamic analysis of the new hyperchaotic system is carried out with bifurcation transition diagrams, multistability analysis, period-doubling bubbles and offset boosting analysis. Using Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC), global hyperchaos synchronization results of the new hyperchaotic system are described in detail. Furthermore, an electronic circuit realization of the new hyperchaotic system has been simulated in MultiSim software version 13.0 and the results of which are in good agreement with the numerical simulations using MATLAB.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2020, 30, 3; 575-597
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sliding mode speed control for multi-motors system
Autorzy:
Bouchiba, B.
Hazzab, A.
Glaoui, H.
Med-Karim, F.
Bousserhane, I. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384373.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
Multi-Motors systems
sliding mode control
proportional-integral (P1) control
Opis:
Continuous processes in the plastics, textile paper and other industries, require several drives working in synchronism. The aim of this paper is to control speed of the multi motors system, and to maintain a constant mechanical tension between the rollers of the system. Several controllers are considerer, including Proportional-Integral (PI) and sliding-mode control (SMC). Since the PI control method can be applied easily and is widely known, it has an important place in control applications. But this method is insensitive to parameter changes. The advantage of an SMC is its robustness and ability to handle the non-linear behaviour of the system, and is indicated in comparison with traditional proportional-integral (P1) control scheme. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are provided to evaluate the consistency and performances of this control technique (SMC).
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2010, 4, 3; 50-54
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adaptive sliding mode control for ship autopilot with speed keeping
Autorzy:
Liu, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
surface vessel
speed loss
adaptive control
course keeping
sliding mode control
Opis:
The paper addresses an important issue in surface vessel motion control practice that the ship dynamics and sailing performance can be affected by speed loss. The vessel speed is significantly decreased by the added resistance generated by waves. An adaptive sliding mode course keeping control design is proposed which takes into account uncertain ship dynamics caused by forward speed variations, while avoiding performance compromises under changing operating and environmental conditions. The sliding mode control provides robust performance for time-varying wave disturbances and time-varying changes in ship parameters and actuator dynamics. After combining the unknown but bounded system uncertainties, the design of the adaptation law is obtained which is based on the Lyapunov’s direct method. Simulations on a ship with two rudders illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 4; 21-29
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new multistable double-scroll 4-D hyperchaotic system with no equilibrium point, its bifurcation analysis, synchronization and circuit design
Autorzy:
Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian
He, Shaobo
Simbas, Aceng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1409110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hyperchaos
hyperchaotic systems
hidden attractors
multistability
sliding mode control
circuit design
Opis:
In this work, we have developed a new 4-D dynamical system with hyperchaos and hidden attractor. First, by introducing a feedback input control into the 3-D Ma chaos system (2004), we obtain a new 4-D hyperchaos system with no equilibrium point. Thus, we derive a new hyperchaos system with hidden attractor. We carry out an extensive bifurcation analysis of the new hyperchaos model with respect to the three parameters. We also carry out probability density distribution analysis of the new hyperchaotic system. Interestingly, the new nonlinear hyperchaos system exhibits multistability with coexisting attractors. Next, we discuss global hyperchaos self-synchronization for the new hyperchaos system via Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC). As an engineering application, we realize the new 4-D hyperchaos system with an electronic circuit via MultiSim. The outputs of the MultiSim hyperchaos circuit show good match with the numerical MATLAB plots of the hyperchaos model. We also analyze the power spectral density (PSD) of the hyperchaos of the state variables using MultiSim.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 1; 99-128
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improved direct torque control of induction motors using adaptive observer and sliding mode control
Autorzy:
Kouchih, D
Tadjine, M.
Boucherit, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
adaptive observer
direct torque control
induction motor
sensorless
sliding mode control
Opis:
This paper presents the synthesis of an adaptive observer which is used for the improvement of the direct torque control of induction motor drives. The observer detects stator flux components in two-phase stationary reference frame, rotor speed and stator resistance by measure of the stator terminal voltages and currents. The observer is adapted using a simple algorithm which does not imply a high computational load. Stability analysis based on Lyapunov theory is performed in order to guarantee the closed loop stability. Simulation tests under load disturbance and stator resistance variation are provided to evaluate the consistency and performance of the proposed control technique in the low and high speeds.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2013, 23, 3; 361-376
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sliding mode tracking control for unmanned helicopter using extended disturbance observer
Autorzy:
Ullah, Ihsan
Pei, Hai-Long
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229728.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
unmanned helicopter
external disturbances
sliding mode control
extended disturbance observer
mismatched uncertainty
Opis:
This paper presents a robust control technique for small-scale unmanned helicopters to track predefined trajectories (velocities and heading) in the presence of bounded external disturbances. The controller design is based on the linearized state-space model of the helicopter. The multivariable dynamics of the helicopter is divided into two subsystems, longitudinallateral and heading-heave dynamics respectively. There is no strong coupling between these two subsystems and independent controllers are designed for each subsystem. The external disturbances and model mismatch in the longitudinal-lateral subsystem are present in all (matched and mismatched) channels. This model mismatch and external disturbances are estimated as lumped disturbances using extended disturbance observer and an extended disturbance observer based sliding mode controller is designed for it to counter the effect of these disturbances. In the case of heading-heave subsystem, external disturbances and model mismatch only occur in matched channels so a second order sliding mode controller is designed for it as it is insensitive to matched uncertainties. The control performance is successfully tested in Simulink.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2019, 29, 1; 169-199
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An elbow planar manipulator driven by induction motors using sliding mode control for current loop
Autorzy:
Diniz, E. C. de
Júnior, A. B. S.
Honório, D. A.
Barreto, L. H. S. C.
Reis, L. L. N. dos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
sliding mode control
induction motor drives
manipulators
digital signal processor
PI controllers
Opis:
The control of a planar elbow manipulator driven by a squirrel-cage induction motor using sliding mode control (SMC) is presented in this paper. The modeling of the manipulator mechanical coupling as a load applied to the induction motor shaft is developed. This has direct influence on both dq currents, which are chosen as the sliding manifold instead of controlling both mechanical and electrical parts as individual processes like most industrial manipulators do. Conventional proportional-integral (PI) controllers are used for each loop, implying easy design procedure and implementation with low computational effort. The system can then be implemented by using a digital signal processor (DSP) and applied in industrial environments. Simulation and experimental results on a real manipulator are shown to validate the proposed control scheme. The results show that there is low steady-state error for the manipulator position.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2012, 41, 2; 395-413
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Finite-time integral sliding mode control for chaotic permanent magnet synchronous motor systems
Autorzy:
Chibani, A.
Daaou, B.
Gouichiche, A.
Safa, A.
Messlem, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
chaos control
control chaotic Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
finite-time
sliding mode
Opis:
In this paper, an integral finite-time sliding mode control scheme is presented for controlling a chaotic permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The controller can stabilize the system output tracking error to zero in a finite time. Using Lyapunov’s stability theory, the stability of the proposed scheme is verified. Numerical simulation results are presented to present the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2017, 66, 2; 229-239
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Observer design estimating the propofol concentration in PKPD model with feedback control of anesthesia administration
Autorzy:
Ilyas, Muhammad
Khan, Awais
Khan, Muhammad Abbas
Xie, Wei
Riaz, Raja Ali
Khan, Yousaf
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106507.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pharmacokinetic models
pharmacodynamic model
bispectral index monitor
observer design
sliding mode control
Opis:
Propofol infusion in anesthesia administration requires continual adjustment in the manual infusion system to regulate the hypnosis level. Hypnotic level is based on Bispectral Index Monitor (BIS) showing the cortical activity of the brain scaled between 0 to 100. The new challenging aspect of automation in anaesthesia is to estimate the concentration of hypnotic drugs in different compartments of the body including primary, rapid peripheral (muscle), slow peripheral (bones, fat) and effect site (brain) compartment based on Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) model. This paper aimed to regulate the hypnosis level with estimating the Propofol concentrations using a linear observer in feedback control strategy based on Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller (ISTSMC). The drug concentration in plasma of the silico patients accurately estimated in nominal transient. The results show that tracking errors between the actual output in form of BIS level and linearized output nearly approaches to zero in the maintenance phase of anesthesia to ensure the controller response on sliding phase with optimum performances by achieving desired hypnotic level 50 on BIS. The robustness of control strategy is further ensured by adding measurement noise of electromagnetic environment of operation theatre distracting signal quality index of the output BIS level.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2022, 32, 1; 85--103
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High performance backstepping control of induction motor with adaptive sliding mode observer
Autorzy:
Bakhti, I.
Chaouch, S.
Maakouf, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
induction motor
backstepping control
sliding mode
flux observer design
estimation
sensorless control
Opis:
It is well known that modern control of induction motor relies on a good dynamic model of the motor. Extensive research and activity have been devoted to the problem of induction motor control over the last decade. In this paper we introduce backstepping control with amelioration of performance to guarantee stability of the system. Accurate knowledge of the rotor speed and flux position is the key factor in obtaining a high-performance and high-efficiency induction-motor drive. Thus a sliding mode observer design is presented. Simulation results are included to illustrate good performance of backstepping control of sensorless induction motors with flux observer.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2011, 21, 3; 331-344
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategie sterowania ślizgowego z ruchomą hiperpowierzchnią przełączeń - krótki przegląd
Sliding Mode Control Strategies with a Time-Varying Switching Hypersurface - a Brief Survey
Autorzy:
Latosiński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/275701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
teoria sterowania
sterowanie ślizgowe
ruchome hiperpowierzchnie przełączeń
control theory
sliding mode control
time-varying sliding hypersurface
Opis:
Strategie sterowania ślizgowego są cenione za swoją całkowitą niewrażliwość na klasę zakłóceń i niepewności modelu. Uzyskanie tej właściwości jest możliwe przez sprowadzenie punktu opisującego dynamikę układu na pewną hiperpowierzchnię przełączeń zdefiniowaną w przestrzeni stanów. W początkowym etapie sterowania, w którym punkt opisujący zbliża się do tej hiperpowierzchni, układ pozostaje wrażliwy na zakłócenia, co utrudnia projektowanie skutecznych strategii sterowania ślizgowego. Aby zapewnić odporność układu na zakłócenia i niepewności modelu na wszystkich etapach procesu sterowania liczni autorzy zaproponowali zastosowanie ruchomych hiperpowierzchni przełączeń. Celem niniejszego artykułu przeglądowego jest przedstawienie najważniejszych osiągnięć z zakresu sterowania ślizgowego z wykorzystaniem takich hiperpowierzchni. Omówione są pionierskie prace proponujące zastosowanie ruchomych hiperpowierzchni przełączeń oraz przedstawione są metody ich projektowania. Następnie podkreślone są najważniejsze osiągnięcia z zakresu sterowania ślizgowego wykorzystującego ruchome hiperpowierzchnie przełączań zarówno dla układów ciągłych jak i dyskretnych.
Sliding mode control strategies are valued for their total insensitivity to the class of disturbances and uncertainty of the model. Obtaining this property is possible by bringing a point describing the dynamics of the system to a certain switching hypersurface defined in the state space. At the initial stage of control, where the description point approaches this hypersurface, the system remains sensitive to interferences, which hinders the design of effective sliding mode control strategies. To ensure the system’s resistance to interference and model uncertainty at all stages of the control process, many authors proposed the use of mobile switching hypersurfaces. The purpose of this review article is to present the most important achievements in the area of sliding mode control using such hypersurfaces. Discussed are pioneering works proposing the use of mobile switching hypersurfaces and methods of their design are presented. Next, the most important achievements in the area of sliding mode control using movable switching hypersurfaces for both continuous and discrete systems are highlighted.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2020, 24, 1; 41-47
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bifurcation analysis, circuit design and sliding mode control of a new multistable chaotic population model with one prey and two predators
Autorzy:
Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian
Benkouider, Khaled
Sambas, Aceng
Darwin, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
population biology system
chaos
chaotic systems
synchronization
sliding mode control
Multisim
circuit simulation
Opis:
In this work, we report a new chaotic population biology system with one prey and two predators. Our new chaotic population model is derived by introducing two nonlinear interaction terms between the prey and predator-2 to the Samardzija-Greller population biology system (1988). We show that the new chaotic population biology system has a greater value of Maximal Lyapunov Exponent (MLE) than the Maximal Lyapunov Exponent (MLE) of the Samardzija-Greller population biology system (1988). We carry out a detailed bifurcation analysis of the new chaotic population biology system with one prey and two predators. We also show that the new chaotic population biology model exhibits multistability with coexisting chaotic attractors. Next, we use the integral sliding mode control (ISMC) for the complete synchronization of the new chaotic population biology system with itself, taken as the master and slave chaotic population biology systems. Finally, for practical use of the new chaotic population biology system, we design an electronic circuit design using Multisim (Version 14.0).
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2023, 33, 1; 127--153
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on disturbance rejection control strategy of vehicle drive axle loading test bench
Autorzy:
Yu, Hui
Wang, Hui
Li, Nanqi
Zhao, Guochao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
loading test-bed
disturbance
adaptive backstepping sliding mode control
overshoot
sinusoidal tracking error
Opis:
Aiming at the problems of parameter disturbance and coupling disturbance in a vehicle drive axle loading test-bed, this paper used the adaptive backstepping sliding mode control (ABSMC) strategy to design the controller for the speed and torque system. The effectiveness of the controller has been verified by simulation and an experiment. The results show that the equivalent moment of inertia is increased by 5 times, and the step response overshoot of the speed system is 4.1%. By adding a random disturbance, the sinusoidal tracking errors of the speed and torque systems are 0.05 r/min and 0.09Nm, respectively.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2022, 60, 2; 227--238
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sliding mode speed control of an induction motor drive using time-varying switching line
Autorzy:
Tarchała, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193307.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
sliding mode control
equivalent control
induction motor
speed controller
time-varying switching line
Opis:
An equivalent sliding mode control method of an induction motor speed has been discussed. The control signal consists of two parts: a continuous and discontinuous one. Very good dynamical response of the drive system has been obtained, which however changes influenced by external and parametric disturbances occurring under various operation conditions. In order to ensure identical dynamic performance of the speed transients and system robustness during the switching line reaching phase, regardless of external and parametric disturbances, the time-varying switching line is proposed. The simulation results have been validated by experimental tests of the induction motor drive system.
Źródło:
Power Electronics and Drives; 2017, 2, 37/1; 105-120
2451-0262
2543-4292
Pojawia się w:
Power Electronics and Drives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przegląd reguł osiągania trybu ślizgowego w układach dyskretnych
Review of Discrete Time Sliding Mode Reaching Laws
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/275580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
dyskretne sterowanie ślizgowe
reguły osiągania trybu ślizgowego
discrete sliding mode control
reaching laws
Opis:
Stosując znane reguły osiągania trybu ślizgowego, rozpoczyna się działanie od określenia pożądanego przebiegu zmiennej ślizgowej. Następnie projektowany jest regulator gwarantujący, że zmienna ślizgowa układu będzie podążać za wybranym przebiegiem. Przewagą tej metody nad „klasycznym” sterowaniem ślizgowym jest zapewnienie lepszej kontroli nad dynamiką układu i spełnienie ograniczeń zmiennych stanu już podczas fazy osiągania trybu ślizgowego. W artykule przedstawiony zostanie przegląd prac naukowych dotyczących reguł osiągania trybu ślizgowego dla układów czasu dyskretnego. Wskazane i omówione zostaną różnice i podobieństwa między przebiegami stosowanymi przez badaczy.
In the reaching law approach one first specifies the desired evolution of the sliding variable. Then, a sliding mode controller that ensures this evolution is derived. The main advantage of this method with respect to “classical” sliding mode control is better control of the system dynamics and state constraints during the reaching phase. In this paper, a review of recent results on discrete time reaching laws is presented. The differences and similarities between them are discussed.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2019, 23, 3; 17-25
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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