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Tytuł:
Leading Metaphilosophical Values of the Lvov-Warsaw School
Autorzy:
Szubka, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38423928.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
Lvov-Warsaw School
scientific philosophy
analytic philosophy
Kazimierz Twardowski
Zygmunt Zawirski
Izydora Dąmbska
Opis:
The article explores the concept of scientific philosophy as understood by members of the Lvov-Warsaw School. The author argues that according to Twardowski and his students, philosophy should be done as an exact discipline which ought to be pursued in critical and collaborative spirit. Selected views on scientific philosophy are analyzed, including ideas of Ajdukiewicz, Zawirski, and Dąmbska. It is claimed that though the conception of scientific philosophy is beset with crucial and fundamental ambiguities, it was far more important for the Lvov-Warsaw School than the idea of analytic philosophy.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2022, 30, 1; 47-52
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O luksusie filozofowania
Autorzy:
Bugajak, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013455.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
filozofia naukowa
filozofia przyrody
obraz świata
wiedza czysta
scientific philosophy
philosophy of nature
worldview
pure knowledge
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2006, 54, 1; 342-345
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Filozofia edukacji Kazimierza Twardowskiego z perspektywy analitycznej
Kazimierz Twardowskis educational philosophy from the analytical perspective
Autorzy:
Goncharenko, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Kazimierz Twardowski
scientific philosophy
analytical method
antiirrationalism
scientific criticism
scientific pedagogy
analytical educational philosophy
filozofia naukowa
metoda analityczna
antyirracjonalizm
krytycyzm naukowy
pedagogika naukowa
analityczna filozofia edukacji
Opis:
The reflection on philosophical foundations of pedagogy is characteristic feature of the analytical tradition in philosophy. The creative work of Kazimierz Twardowski, famous polish philosopher, is an integral part of this tradition. His papers together form the analytical project, which lay the ground for the formation of a particular style of philosiphizing in pedagogical dimension. These features are most clearly manifested in problematizing the relation between philosophy and pedagogy, in the analysis of pedagogical concepts, in the critic of irrationalism in pedagogy, in the coordination with scientific criticism in pedagogy.
Źródło:
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris; 2017, 36 (1)
1689-4286
Pojawia się w:
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Materializm dialektyczny po „diamacie”: naukowa ontologia dialektyczna i materializm przyrodniczy
Dialectical Materialism after „Diamant”: Scientific Dialectical Ontology and Natural Materialism
Autorzy:
Winczewski, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41204754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
dialectical materialism
Engels
ontology
scientific philosophy
Marxism
natural sciences
materializm dialektyczny
ontologia
dialektyka
filozofia naukowa
marksizm
nauki przyrodnicze
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja kardynalnych tez i założeń ontologii materialistyczno-dialektycznej w poststalinowskiej marksistowskiej filozofii naukowej, często określanej mianem „marksizmu wschodniego”. Bazując na literaturze źródłowej obejmującej dzieła najwybitniejszych polskich (Stefan Amsterdamski, Stanisław Butryn, Helena Eilstein, Władysław Krajewski, Jan Such, Wiesław Sztumski i inni) oraz radzieckich (Piotr Fiedosiejew, Fiodor Konstantinow, Aleksander Szeptulin, Siergiej Rubinsztajn etc.) autorów prowadzących badania nad związkami materializmu dialektycznego z naukami szczegółowymi, twierdzę, iż powojenny scjentyzm marksistowski precyzuje lapidarne intuicje klasyków marksizmu dotyczące charakteru i założeń materializmu dialektycznego, a zwłaszcza dialektyki przyrody. Wbrew rozpowszechnionym obecnie interpretacjom upatrujących źródeł dogmatyzmu w marksizmie w dominującej roli założeń ontologicznych materializmu dialektycznego i przyrodniczego, wedle niniejszych ustaleń okazuje się, że po jej powojennej modernizacji dialektyczna ontologia została oczyszczona z licznych dogmatów i nieporozumień. Co więcej, okazuje się zgodna z ogólnymi założeniami antystalinowskiej marksistowskiej filozofii społecznej i politycznej.
The aim of the article is to reconstruct the cardinal theses and assumptions of the materialistic-dialectical ontology in the post-Stalinist Marxist scientific philosophy, often described as “Eastern Marxism”. Basing on the source literature covering the works of the most eminent Polish (Stefan Amsterdamski, Stanisław Butryn, Helena Eilstein, Władysław Krajewski, Jan Such, Wiesław Sztumski and others) and Soviet (Fedosseyev, Konstantinov, Szeptulin, Rubinshtajn, etc.) philosophers which studied the links between dialectical materialism and natural sciences, I claim that postwar Marxist scientism clarifies the concise intuitions of the classics of Marxism regarding the nature and assumptions of dialectical materialism, especially the dialectic of nature. Contrary to the current interpretations of the sources of dogmatism in Marxism as the dominant ontological assumption of dialectical and natural materialism, according to these findings, it turns out that after its post-war modernization, the dialectical ontology was cleared of numerous dogmas and misunderstandings. Moreover, it turns out to be consistent with the general assumptions of the anti-Stalinist Marxist social and political philosophy.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2021, 9; 311-336
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Filozofia przyrody jako warunek sine qua non powstania i rozwoju nauki
Autorzy:
Jodkowski, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
filozofia przyrody
nauka
metafizyka
logiczny pozytywizm
neopozytywizm
krytyczny racjonalizm
paradygmat
naukowy program
badawczy
filozofia spekulatywna
filozofia naukowa
philosophy of nature
science
metaphysics
logical positivism
neopositivism
critical rationalism
paradigm
scientific research programme
speculative philosophy
scientific philosophy
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2005, 53, 2; 424-427
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sen o vedeckej filozofii alebo metafyzike
Мечта о научной философии или метафизике
The Dream of the Scientific Philosophy or Metaphysics
Autorzy:
Mihina, František
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/497904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich
Tematy:
filozofia naukowa
metafizyka
logika
metodologia
abdukcja
koniec filozofii
vedecka filozofia
metafyzika
metodológia
abdukcia
konec filozofie
scientific philosophy
metaphysics
logic
methodology
abduction
end of philosophy
Opis:
Autor formułuje tezę, zgodnie z którą filozofia Ch.S. Peirce’a jest próbą pojęciowego opisu wszechświata przy pomocy metod naukowych. W konstruowaniu filozofii i metafizyki odwołuje się do logiki i metodologii naukowej. W formułowaniu rozstrzygnięć filozoficznych przywiązuje uwagę do rozumowań abdukcyjnych i w nich widzi przyszłość filozofii naukowej. Wyjaśnienie aktywności człowieka postrzega w powiązaniu myśli z praktyką (pragmatyzm). Autor tekstu swoje roz-ważania o filozofii Peirce’a sytuuje w kontekście klasycznych (I. Kant) i współczesnych (M. Heidegger) koncepcji filozoficznych oraz tezy o końcu filozofii.
The author formulates the thesis according to which philosophy of Ch.S. Peirce is an attempt to conceptual description of the universe using scientific methods. In constructing philosophy and metaphysics this philosopher appeals to logic and scientific methodology. In resolving a philosophical problems Peirce attaches significance to abductive reasoning and in it he sees the future of scientific philosophy. The explanation of human activity Peirce perceives in conjunction thoughts with practice (pragmatism). The author of the article own deliberations on the philosophy of Peirce situates in the context of classical (I. Kant) and contemporary (M. Heidegger) philosophical concepts and thesis of the end of philosophy.
Źródło:
ΣΟΦΙΑ. Pismo Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich; 2014, 14; 35-53
1642-1248
Pojawia się w:
ΣΟΦΙΑ. Pismo Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Philosophy and Social Sciences in a Securitological Perspective
Autorzy:
Świniarski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22358874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
knowledge
science
philosophy
intuition
scientific philosophy
philosophy of social sciences
First Causes according to the Big Bang Theory
the first four causes
the four elements of the social system
Opis:
The inspiration of this text is the belief of the Pythagoreans that the roots and source of complete knowledge is the quadruple expressed in the “arch-four”, also called as tetractys. Hence the hypothesis considered in this paper is: the basis of the philosophy of social sciences is entangled in these four valours, manifested in what is “general and necessary” (scientific) in social life, the first and universal as to the “principles and causes” of this life (theoretically philosophical) and “which can be different in it” (practically philosophical) and “intuitive”. The quadruple appears with different clarity in the history of human thought, which seeks clarification and understanding of the things being cognised, including such a thing as society. It is exposed in the oath of the Pythagoreans, the writings of Plato and Aristotle, who applied these four valours, among other things, in distinguishing the four types of knowledge and learning about the first four causes and principles. This fourfold division seems to be experiencing a renaissance in contemporary theological-cognitive holism and can be treated as an expressive, a “hard core”, and the basis of research not only of social but mainly of global society as a social system. This entanglement of the foundations of the philosophy of the social sciences leads to the suggestion of defining this philosophy as the knowledge of social being composed of “what is general and necessary” (scientific), genetically first, universal (theoretically philosophical) and “being able to be different” (philosophically practical) and intuitive.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 3(53); 55-77
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Philosophy as transformative practice: a proposal for a new concept of philosophy that better suits philosophy education
Autorzy:
Thomas, Phillipp
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/437436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
Tematy:
philosophy of education
theories of education
practical turn and philosophy
modern scientific paradigm and philosophy
subject‐specific didactics philosophy
philosophy education
philosophy at school
Opis:
The source of the following considerations is the observation that academic philosophy at universities does not fit well with philosophy education processes, e.g., those at school. Both sides seem to be separate from each other. I assume that the two areas rely on two very different concepts of philosophy. To work out a concept of philosophy more appropriate to the educational context, I methodically apply the practical turn to our philosophising in very different contexts. Moreover, I elaborate that it is precisely the modern scientific paradigm that underlies philosophy as scientific practice and that the former represents a problematic con-striction of philosophising in educational contexts. For where the ideal is objective scientific knowledge - from which everything subjective has been removed - there can be no deeper transformation of the subject through philosophy. My thesis is that philosophy is better suited to the educational context as transformative and not as scientific practice. As a consequence, the question arises as to whether the study of philosophy on teacher training courses needs a new impulse in the direction of philosophy as transformative practice.
Źródło:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2019, 9, 2; 185-199
2083-6635
2084-1043
Pojawia się w:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Scientific achievements of professor Barbara Skarga
Autorzy:
Walicki, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Barbara Skarga
philosophy
scientific achievements
Opis:
The author describes the main scientific achievements of prof. Barbara Skarga. The article was written as an opinion in the procedure of renewing her doctorate. The celebration of renewing the doctorate of prof. Barbara Skarga took place at Warsaw University in May 2008.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2009, 4
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura cyfrowej rewolucji naukowej
Structure of the digital scientific revolution
Autorzy:
Leciejewski, Sławomir Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
philosophy of science
scientific revolution
computer aided scientific research
Opis:
Nowadays, computers are in common use, both in experimental and theoretical research. It is worth considering if the implementation of a new, universal research tool has significantly changed the science of the end of 20th century. The crucial question which I will try to answer is if computers have revolutionized the scientific research. In order to find the answer, I will describe modern digitally aided science, taking into consideration the research conducted in the greatest elementary physics laboratory. Subsequently, I will refer to the classic concept of scientific revolution proposed by Thomas S. Kuhn. Finally, I will answer the question related to digital revolution in science.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2018, 64; 117-136
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dlaczego w biologii tak trudno być „rewolucjonistą”?
Autorzy:
Proszewska, Agnieszka
Stencel, Adrian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034239.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
microbiomics
philosophy of biology
philosophy of science
scientific revolutions
Opis:
Understanding how science is created and developed is a very complex problem. Many claim that once in a while the science goes through periods of so-called “revo-lutions” – diametric changes in the perception of the reality, that change the way we see the world. Such a vision of the development of knowledge is particularly evident in the history of physics. Do similar breakthroughs take place in other sciences, such as biology or chemistry, as well? Our main objective is to demonstrate that the scien-tific revolutions in biology can have a specific, local, character and concern only some particular branches of biology. This hypothesis will be discussed by analyzing the impact of microbiomics on the concept of the organism.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe; 2017, 15; 7-14
2082-3827
2084-977X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Piękno jako przykład pozaempirycznego kryterium wyboru teorii naukowej
Beauty as an example of nonempirical criterion of the scientific theory choice
Autorzy:
Ciszewska, Diana
Szydłowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
philosophy of science
beauty
scientific theory
Opis:
It is sometimes argued that beauty and science have nothing in common. This is not necessarily true. When speaking of beauty in science we are touching two branches of knowledge: aesthetics and physics. We show that they are connected, permeate each other and work together to give good scientific results. Scientific theories and aesthetics theories exhibit some similarities not only during the creation phase, but also during the application phase. We examine two aesthetic criteria, namely symmetry and simplicity, which are valuable tools in choosing the correct scientific theory.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2010, 47; 3-37
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Daniel Dennett’s New Mind: Darwin, Turing but no Bach
Autorzy:
Krzanowski, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
mind
philosophy of mind
cognitive science
scientific explanation
Opis:
Book review: Daniel C. Dennett, From Bacteria to Bach and Back. The evolution of mind, Penguin Random House, UK 2017, pp. 467.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2018, 64; 209-213
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A conventionalist account of distinctively mathematical explanation
Autorzy:
Povich, Mark
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28763422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
scientific explanation
philosophy of science
philosophy of mathematics
mathematical explanation
ontic conception
conventionalism
Opis:
Distinctively mathematical explanations (DMEs) explain natural phenomena primarily by appeal to mathematical facts. One important question is whether there can be an ontic account of DME. An ontic account of DME would treat the explananda and explanantia of DMEs as ontic items (ontic objects, properties, structures, etc.) and the explanatory relation between them as an ontic relation (e.g., Pincock, 2015; Povich, 2021). Here I present a conventionalist account of DME, defend it against objections, and argue that it should be considered ontic. Notably, if indeed it is ontic, the conventionalist account seems to avoid a convincing objection to other ontic accounts (Kuorikoski, 2021).
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2023, 74; 171-223
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy na uniwersytetach poszukuje się prawdy?
Are the truth is being searched at universities?
Autorzy:
Krzych, Bartłomiej K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1939323.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-14
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Naukowe Przestrzeń Społeczna i Środowisko
Tematy:
Academy
scientific research
scientific ethics
philosophy
truth
Akademia
badania naukowe
etyka naukowa
filozofia
prawda
Opis:
The text is a reflection on modern universities based on the thought of Thomas Aquinas, Nicolai Hartmann, Karl Jaspers and Michał Heller. The main claim is that the purpose of scientific research is truth, which, however, can never be achieved in an absolute way due to cognitive limitations. The ethical aspect of practicing science is also underlined. Some aspects of the institutional functioning of universities are also discussed, as well as the more important characteristics that should characterise the scholar. The posture of openness of mind and responsibility for science and the academic community is postulated. The first part of the text addresses the issue of the identity of the university and the research community. Attention was also paid to the most important characteristics of the scientist: reason and morality, which should take precedence over will and institutionalisation. The second part of the text raises the problem of truth and the possibility of its achieving. The arguments point to the impossibility of obtaining unambiguously objective and absolute knowledge. However, this does not mean scep-ticism, because scientific progress allows a better understanding of reality and leads to a reduction in the area of irrationality. In the third part of the text, ‘commandments of the man of Academy’, are given, which boil down to responsibility, conscientiousness, cooperation and openness to criticism in their principles. At the end, the author puts the thesis, that university should be a place to build a community of people devoted to truth and science. All activities within it should be an implementation of an idea of the university, reaching back to the medieval roots of the Academy.
Źródło:
Przestrzeń Społeczna; 2018, 2, 2/2018 (16); 105 - 117
2084-1558
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzeń Społeczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Философские и научные аспекты постнеклассической онтологии
Philosophical and scientific aspects of postnonclassical ontology
Autorzy:
Кожевников, Николай Н.
Данилова, Вера С.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/501445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
contemporary philosophy
scientific picture of the world
postnonclassical ontology
Opis:
Postnonclassical ontology focuses on fundamental systems, stable network and integral covers integrating all aspects of the spiritual life. Currently, postnonclassical philosophy of ontology usually manifests itself through the scientific picture of the world - a holistic image of the object of scientific research in its major system - structural characteristics, formed by basic notions, concepts and principles of science at every stage of its historical development. The three stages: the first scientific revolution based on the principles of classical mechanics, the second - based on probabilistic concepts to describe the physical, biological and technical worlds, and - the third, currently emerging are investigated, this third - in more detail. The scientific picture of the world in contemporary philosophy, is also investigated in a more narrow sense, as a disciplinary ontology, representing the type of scientific theoretical knowledge in the special sciences. If natural science disciplinary ontology developed well enough, then this process in the humanitarian sphere is only beginning to emerge. The necessity of these scientific pictures of the world and the corresponding methodology are considered.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2012, 2(10); 39-49
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Granice wyjaśnienia naukowego, część II
Limits of scientific explanation (II)
Autorzy:
Gorazda, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
philosophy of science
scientific explanation
model theory
philosophy of mind
F. A. von Hayek
Opis:
The second part of the text is intended to deal with the anti-naturalistic argument of F.A. Hayek. To present it comprehensively, however, his theory of mind has to be outlined first. According to Hayek, the way in which we perceive the world is entirely grounded in the biological construction of our neural order and thus, from this perspective, he seems to be a naturalist. He excludes any non-natural properties of our cognition like e.g. transcendental free will. However, a closer look at the functioning of our biological apparatus of perception divulges certain inherent and internal restrictions. First of all, we notice that the neural order (biological construction of neurons) is in fact a very complex apparatus of classification and discrimination of sensory impulses. Impulses may come from reality which is outer to the neural order as well as from the inside. The apparatus of classification and discrimination of sensory impulses is not stable, but permanently dynamic. An unstoppable attack of sensations and relevant responses of the system creates new classification rules (neural connections) and demolishes those which have been inactive for a longer time. A system of those rules, existing in a particular time unit, forms a model of reality which imperfectly corresponds to the existing, transcendent reality. The final argument for anti-naturalism which is elucidated in the text is Hayek’s idea of what is explanation and where lie its limits. This idea can be reduced to the following quotation: “…any apparatus of classification must possess a structure of a higher degree of complexity that is possessed by an object which it classifies.” In other words: if our cognitive system is an “apparatus of classification”, and if an explanation means modeling, and if a complete explanation requires the explanation of the apparatus itself, then a complete explanation is not possible at all, as the apparatus, which has a certain level of complexity, cannot upgrade this level in order to explain itself. Hayek’s reasoning is generally approved yet it is emphasized, however, that it rests on very strong assumptions which are identified and named at the end of the text.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2013, 52; 53-106
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Granice wyjaśnienia naukowego, część I
Limits of scientific explanation (I)
Autorzy:
Gorazda, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
scientific explanation
naturalism
unity of science
philosophy of economics
complexity
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to challenge one of the most important assumptions of the neo-positivists, namely the unity of science. The idea that all of the sciences, both natural and social, should have the same structure and should deploy similar methods is, after Grobler, called naturalism. I try to argue for anti-naturalism. An interesting example seems to be economics. It does not, however, demonstrate the success, similar to that achieved by natural sciences. Certain naturalistic explanations for this lack of success are reviewed and criticized in the paper. Firstly, complexity: at the beginning of this naturalistic argument, one encounters the problem of definition. Up to nine different notions of complexity are proposed and only a few of them are practically quantitative. Secondly, mathematics: in the natural sciences we explore mathematical theories in order to capture the regularities in the investigated phenomena and to include them in the corresponding equations. However, even if we do not have a perfectly corresponding mathematical model, regularities themselves can be observed. Wherever we do not have a good theory expressed in terms of exact mathematical equations, we should at least be able to judge the existence or non-existence of certain regularities on the basis of linear (statistical) or non-linear methods. Those methods, some of them extremely sophisticated, are being extensively applied in economics and in econometrics (the so called quantitative methods). The results are disappointing. The anti-naturalistic argumentation of Grobler is dealt with separately. Grobler names three anti-naturalistic arguments: complexity (as mentioned above), the free will of humans (which the author did not find interesting enough) and, finally, the reasoning which is called, ”inherent two-way interdependence”. Grobler maintains that we are able to work out a meta-theory which shall include both predictions and the possible impact of those predictions on the theory’s object. This proposal is rejected in the paper.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2012, 51; 41-75
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Extrapolative Inference and Analogical Reasoning in the Empirical Sciences
Autorzy:
Jakubiec, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/429230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
scientific method
extrapolation
per analogiam reasoning
philosophy of science
generalization
Opis:
The primary purpose of this paper is to present the issue of extrapolation, which is interesting from the perspective of contemporary philosophy of science. For its proper explanation, it is crucial to distinguish it from terms of similar meaning, such as analogy, induction or statistical inference. The second goal is to indicate key differences that exist between extrapolative inference and analogical reasoning. Because of this the ascertaining of the identification of these concepts would be a mistake though, of course, there is no way not to notice certain similarities.
Źródło:
Semina Scientiarum; 2014, 13
1644-3365
Pojawia się w:
Semina Scientiarum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Scientific Realism and the Objects of Medicine in the Hippocratic Treatise On the Art
Autorzy:
Cales, Kevin Ray
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-30
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
scientific realism
medicine
ancient Greek philosophy
sophism
abstract objects
ontology
Opis:
On the Art is a polemical treatise in the Hippocratic corpus that has been dated to 450–400 Bce. As a polemical work, the author defends the existence of medicine against detractors. i argue that the author employs two arguments for scientific realism in defense of medicine that are among the earliest known. First, i situate the work in the context of the sophistic movement and the nomos vs. physis debate. Second, i analyze the two arguments in On the Art ii, and i argue by contraposing spatiotemporalist, constructivist, and realist interpretations of the passage that the author grapples with the semantic stretch of the word εἶδος. thereafter, i propose the arguments are best understood as indispensability arguments in which medical realism is defended in order to explain clinical practice.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2022, 11, 2; 229-248
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Historia sztuki w polu metodologii. Aktualne problemy i wyzwania
Art History in the Field of Methodology. Current Problems and Challenges
Autorzy:
Czekalski, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32352273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
art history
scientific knowledge
methodology
theory
philosophy of science
structuralism
Opis:
At the end of the 20th century, the theory of art history shifted from the area of methodology understood as a normative field of the philosophy of science to the area of the social practice of constructing knowledge. The term “art historical methodology” itself became trivialized when its meaning was detached from the horizon of epistemology and became extremely inclusive, encompassing all methods practised in the discipline, with a method being considered to be the use of any theory as a tool of interpretation. As a consequence, the basic problem of scientific methodology, which is the critical assessment of explanatory and interpretive theories due to the value of their justification, is not addressed in the self-reflection of contemporary art history. The retreat from the rigors of methodology was related to the reception of structuralism, initiated by Ernst Gombrich in the book Art and Illusion. Popper’s model of situational logic as a method of historical explanation of works of art was transformed into a structuralist model, referring to constant rules of pictorial representation, symbolization and communication. Michael Fried and Norman Bryson formulated their own theories of invariant rules defining the necessary initial conditions for the formation and reception of pictures, so that individual works could be interpreted in terms of these rules and, as a result, confirm the general theory, which created a vicious circle. Structuralist theories did not function as hypotheses requiring critical testing, but as interpretive codes that served to read each work of art within their own conceptual system. The next step in the process of the reception of structuralism was the development of theories defining general rules that would govern the discursive practice of art history, and the detection of which at the basis of this practice would discredit or invalidate its epistemological dimension. Hayden White’s narrativism was the theory that historical discourse is subject to narrative conventions, not to the laws of logic and the rigors of methodology that serve to limit the pool of alternative explanations or interpretations. This theory was intended to justify the pluralism of equal versions of history as a politically correct idea, appropriate for a “democratic” model of knowledge. Theorists developing White’s theses in the field of art history claimed that the discursive practice of this discipline was not governed by methodological rules but by political motivations (Keith Moxey) or aesthetic principles of artwriting (David Carrier). After the phase of open denial of the dependence of the art history discourse on methodology, the theory of the discipline turned into an analysis of techniques for building this discourse, which no longer included methodological issues, as in James Elkins’ book Our Beautiful, Dry, and Distant Texts. A critical review of theories separating art history from methodology leads to the conclusion that they are untenable. It is impossible to maintain the scientific status of our discipline without respecting the principles of methodology founded in the contemporary philosophy of science.
Źródło:
Artium Quaestiones; 2023, 34; 293-336
0239-202X
Pojawia się w:
Artium Quaestiones
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kompasy, mapy i stare bukłaki: kilka uwag o metaforze w narracji naukowej
Compasses, Maps, and Old Wineskins: Some Remarks on the Metaphor in the Scientific Narrative
Autorzy:
Zdrenka, Marcin T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31232013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
metafora
nauka
filozofia
etyka
styl naukowy
metaphor
science
philosophy
ethics
scientific style
Opis:
Artykuł jest zaproszeniem do ponownego namysłu nad nienową i niekoniecznie oryginalną kwestią — rolą metafory w pisarstwie naukowym. Bezpośrednim pretekstem jest metafora kompasu, mapy i treningu, a w innym planie „starych bukłaków, do których wlewa się młode wino”. Figur tych używa Sebastian Gałecki jako swoistego zwieńczenia swojej rozprawy Etyka chrześcijańska dla postchrześcijańskiej epoki, konfrontującej koncepcje: etyki sprawności charakteru (cnoty) (Alasdair MacIntyre), sumienia (John Henry Newman) i nowej teorii prawa naturalnego (John Finnis). Pozostawiając na uboczu istotę treści rozprawy, próbuję rozpoznać kilka kwestii i zagrożeń związanych ze stosowaniem przez autorów metafor. Uchodzą one, w nomenklaturze Umberto Eco, za „gorące” i metodologicznie podejrzane elementy tak samej refleksji, jak i sposobu pisania w nauce. Mimo wątpliwości i zastrzeżeń wobec metafory jako figury „nienaukowej”, chciałbym bronić prawa do jej poprawnego używania w filozofii, szczególnie – etyce. Za przykład takiego właśnie użycia uważam ich zastosowanie w książce Sebastiana Gałeckiego.
The article is an invitation to rethink a new and not necessarily original question — the role of metaphor in scientific writing. The immediate pretext is the metaphor of the compass, map, and training, and, in another plan, “old wineskins into which new wine is poured.” These figures are used by Sebastian Gałecki as the culmination of his dissertation Etyka chrześcijańska dla postchrześcijańskiej epoki [Christian Ethics for the Post-Christian Age], confronting the three concepts: ethics of character efficiency (virtue) (Alasdair MacIntyre), conscience (John Henry Newman), and the new theory of natural law (John Finnis). Leaving aside the essence of the content of the dissertation, I try to identify several issues and threats related to the use of metaphors by the authors. In the Umberto Eco terminology, they are regarded as “hot” and methodologically problematic elements of reflection and the way of writing in science. Despite the doubts and reservations about the metaphor as an “unscientific” figure, I would like to defend the right to its correct use in philosophy, especially in ethics. As an example of such use, I consider their use in Sebatian Gałecki’s book.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2022, 70, 3; 449-464
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Filozofia dramatu jako filozoficzna tradycja badawcza
Philosophy of drama as a philosophical research tradition
Autorzy:
Sierotowicz, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
methodology of scientific research traditions
philosophical research traditions
philosophy of drama
philosophy of science
mental experiment
Józef Tischner
Opis:
This paper presents an attempt to describe Józef Tischner’s philosophy of drama from the point of view of Larry Laudan’s philosophy of science. That is achieved with the help of the concept of Philosophical Research Traditions developed in the paper. A~certain conceptual problem of Tischner’s philosophy, and some future research topics are also presented.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2018, 64; 59-92
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evidence and Its Proof. Designing a Test of Evidence
Autorzy:
Riofrío, Juan Carlos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
methodology
legal studies
philosophy of law
law epistemology
evident knowledge
scientific knowledge
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2019, 3 (53); 14-32
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nauka jako racjonalna doxa. Józefa Życińskiego koncepcja nauki i filozofii nauki – poza internalizmem i eksternalizmem
Science as a rational doxa. J. Życiński’s understanding of science and philosophy of science – beyond internalism and externalism
Autorzy:
Liana, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
rationalism
skepticism
internalism
externalism
metascience
scientific revolution
metascientific revolution
philosophy of science
Opis:
Philosophical interests of Joseph Życiński (1948-2011) in the domain of the philosophy of science were focused on the debate concerning the nature of science and philosophy of science that followed the Einstein-Planck revolution in science. The unexpected discovery of the philosophical, extra-scientific presuppositions in science, as well as of the extra-rational factors determining the way these presuppositions are accepted in science were to be explained within the meta-scientific framework. It is the aim of this paper to present ˙ Życiński’s diagnosis of this post-revolutionary situation in the philosophy of science as well as his critique of the metascientific answers to this challenge. The reasons will be given why all those answers are put under two dichotomous rubrics of internalism and externalism. It will be also explained how Życiński intends to supersede this false in his opinion opposition with a new concept of the doxatic rationality. However, the details of the metascientific proposal of Życiński will be given only in the subsequent paper. In order to perform the aim of the paper the metatheoretic tools set out by Popper (1979) will be used.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2019, 66; 147-199
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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