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Tytuł:
Genetic characterisation of centuries-old oak and linden trees using SSR markers
Autorzy:
Bilous, S.
Prysiazhniuk, L.
Chernii, S.
Melnyk, S.
Marchuk, Y.
Likhanov, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
centuries-old tree
genetic characteristics
DNA analysis
Quercus
Tilia
Opis:
The main goal of this study was to identify the unique gene pool of old and historically valuable Quercus robur L. and Tilia cordata L. to be able to characterise their genetic diversity in order to determine the polymorphism by expressed sequence tag-single sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers and identify the most valuable specimens. Morphological description, molecular genetic analysis, and statistical analysis were used in studies. The genetic distances between old-value trees of different Quercus L. and Tilia L. were determined based on EST-SSR markers and morphological characteristics. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), alleles of the expected size were obtained. It was determined that four to eight alleles were obtained by seven SSR markers in the studied Q. robur L. samples. According to the calculated value of the locus polymorphism index (polymorphism information content [PIC]), the most polymorphic was the marker SSRQrZAG 65; the PIC was 0.84. The lowest value of PIC was observed in the marker SSRQrZAG 11; the PIC was 0.69. Intragenetic polymorphism was detected for all studied markers. Among the studied samples of linden, two to five alleles were identified. It was found that the highest value of PIC was obtained for the marker Ts920 – 0.72. The least polymorphic was the marker Ts927 (PIC was 0.28), which is not only due to the small number of alleles, but also their uneven distribution in the sample. Intragenetic polymorphism was detected in four of the six markers analysed for T. cordata L. In this study, polymorphism was detected in all studied samples of Q. robur L. and T. cordata L., which allows to assess their genetic diversity based on the distribution of alleles.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2022, 64, 1; 58-68
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
First report of Apiognomonia errabunda on Quercus ilex in Algeria
Autorzy:
Bensaci, Oussama Ali
Beghami, Riadh
Gouaref, Kamel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
anthracnose
leaf position
Quercus ilex
severity
twigs orientation
Opis:
Anthracnose of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) was studied in several sites located in Belezma National Park (Eastern Algeria). Disease severity varied according to the site, but symptoms were particularly frequent on leaves supported by south-facing twigs. Leaves inserted on the distal part of twigs were more affected by anthracnose regardless of twigs’ position on trees. The fungal isolates obtained from damaged tissues were sorted to five morphotypes and identified as Apiognomonia errabunda based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequencing. This is the first record of the occurrence of the fungus Apiognomonia errabunda on Quercus ilex in Algeria. Particular climatic conditions marked by late spring rains followed by high temperatures may play a key role in the increased leaf vulnerability of Q. ilex to infection.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2021, 63, 1; 10-20
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ornithocomplex changes of the pine-oak forest due to the participation of the introduced population of Quercus rubra L.
Zmiany ornitokompleksu boru sosnowo-dębowego zawiązane z udziałem wprowadzanej populacji Quercus rubra L.
Autorzy:
Gaychenko, Vitaly
Shupova, Tatiana
Illienko, Volodymyr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pomorski w Słupsku
Tematy:
α-diversity indices
ornithocomplex
pine-oak plantation
Quercus rubra L.
Opis:
To date, the issues of the Quercus rubra L. ecological niche formation, adaptation of its introduced populations, competition with populations of native trees in the secondary range forests remain open. Purpose: to conduct an inventory of the pine-oak forests ornithocomplex with the participation of the population of Q. rubra on the territory of the Boyarka Forestry Research Station (Ukraine), to give a comparative analysis of the pine-oak forests ornithocomplexes with Q. rubra and Q. robur as a result of the participation of the introduced species in the conditions transformation of birds habitats. It was revealed that because of the replacement of native Q. robur with adventive Q. rubra in pine-oak plantations, a significant decrease in the species composition (from 24 to 15 species) occurs in ornithocomplexes during the nesting period. The value of the Sorensen index for model ornithocomplexes is 0.62. The average number of birds in both cultural phytocenoses is similar: 2.59 ± 0.50 individuals/km of the account line in subors with Q. robur and 2.51 ± 0.57 individuals/km with Q. rubra. The replacement of Q. robur with Q. rubra does not significantly affect the value of the synanthropization index (0.46 with Q. robur and 0.47 with Q. rubra); does not adversely affect ground-nesting species (L. arborea, A. trivialis, T. troglodytes, Ph. trochilus, Ph. sibilatrix), indicating the presence of nesting stations for vulnerable species. Parus major L., Phylloscopus collybita Vieillot, Ph. sibilatrix species dominate in the forest without introduced trees; with Q. rubra – species Turdus pilaris L., P. major, Anthus trivialis L. predominate. Both types of pineoak plantations provide a full-fledged food resource for birds feeding on invertebrates and mixed feeds. The absence of predator birds, especially hawks, in the forest with Q. rubra is most likely due to the depletion of the food supply due to a smaller species composition and a smaller number of prey. As a result, predators visit subors with Q. rubra less often. The data of all species diversity indices are significantly higher for ornithocomplexes of model pine-oak forests with Q. robur. Dominance indexes data do not include synchrony (Simpson index data are stable, Berger–Parker index is higher in stands with Q. rubra, and McIntosh index – with Q. robur respectively). The data for the indices of species distribution uniformity are close.
Źródło:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 2021, 25; 9-18
1643-0115
Pojawia się w:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bonitacja wzrostowa dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) pod okapem drzewostanów sosnowych
Site index of common oak (Quercus robur L.) under the canopy of Scots pine stands
Autorzy:
Paluch, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Quercus robur
odnowienia podokapowe
bonitacja wzrostowa
modele wzrostu
leśnictwo
drzewa leśne
dąb szypułkowy
wzrost roślin
growth model of common oak
class of bonitation
oak age
common oak
Opis:
The aim of the study was to compare the site index of common oak growing under the canopy of Scots pine stands with the values typical for this species on a given habitat. The research was carried out in 20 Scots pine stands with well−developed lower layers of common oak occurring in the fresh mixed forest habitat. The analyzed stands were located in 5 forest districts in central and north−eastern Poland. To determine the real age of oaks and their height, 5 under canopy common oaks from the group of the highest ones were selected and felled. The total sample size was therefore 100 trees. Cut trees were divided into sections of 1 m in length, what gave the greatest accuracy to determine the dendrometric parameters. From the middle of each section a sample for testing was taken. It was found that the oak undergrowth growing about 30−40 years under the pine canopy on a fresh mixed forest habitat, usually achieved II−III site index class, while on a mixed fresh coniferous forest habitat it was III−IV class. These site index classes are typical for the stands growing in full access of light, so no adverse changes in site index class were observed as a result of the pine canopy occurrence for 30−40 years (tab.). Oaks growing for more than 40 years under the canopy of pine obtained worse site index class than the average for a given habitat, so the complete exposure of undergrowth for the light should not be extend for too long in time. Common oaks responded with increased height to full exposure. This reaction was definitely more pronounced for the younger oaks at age of 30 than for the older ones at age of 70. The height growth curves of under−canopy common oaks differed from the model curves according to Bruchwald et al. [1996] and stand volume and increment tables [Szymkiewicz 1962], especially in the initial (juvenile) phase, which indicate the occurrence of differences in growth under the pine canopy and without cover (figs. 2 and 3).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 03; 179-186
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Klonowanie najstarszych dębów pomnikowych rosnących w Polsce z wykorzystaniem metody in vitro
Cloning of the oldest monumental oaks growing in Poland using in vitro culture
Autorzy:
Kotlarski, Szymon
Michalak, Marcin
Chmielarz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1186041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-19
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Dendrologiczne
Tematy:
Quercus robur
micropropagation
old trees
shoots
Opis:
W ostatnich latach obserwuje się coraz powszechniej występujące zjawisko niszczenia lub samoistnego zamierania pomnikowych dębów szypułkowych (Quercus robur L.), których wiek sięga kilkuset lat. W takiej sytuacji kluczowe jest zachowanie zasobów genowych, szczególnie w przypadku sędziwych drzew, które obok znaczenia kulturowego mają wiele cennych cech odporności na zmieniające się czynniki środowiskowe, ukształtowane na przestrzeni setek lat. Metoda wegetatywnego rozmnażania dębów tradycyjnymi technikami nie jest możliwa, ponieważ pędy dębów nie ukorzeniają się poprzez zrzezy czy odkłady, a szczepienie nie daje jednorodnej genetycznie rośliny z pędem i korzeniem. Dodatkowo proces ukorzeniania się pędów jest szczególnie nieskuteczny w przypadku wiekowych dębów, dlatego niezbędne było sięgnięcie po techniki kultur tkankowych. W naszych badaniach testowaliśmy możliwość klonowania z wykorzystaniem metody in vitro 21 dębów pomnikowych z terenu Polski, w wieku 300–800 lat. Metoda ta polegała na pobraniu zdrewniałych pędów z pąkami śpiącymi, które następnie trzymano w hodowli wazonowej w fitotronie w celu uzyskania z nich pędów odroślowych. Fragmenty tych pędów odkażono i namnożono na pożywce agarowej, zawierającej niezbędne składniki odżywcze oraz regulatory wzrostu. Wybrane z hodowli in vitro pędy ukorzeniono na pożywce z dodatkiem węgla aktywnego. Tylko kilka z badanych dębów pomnikowych wykazywało potencjał do mikrorozmnażania. Były wśród nich i te najstarsze z testowanych drzew. Ukorzenione pędy po zahartowaniu przeniesiono w podłoże stałe (Chmielarz et al., 2016). W ten sposób sklonowano około 800–letni dąb Rus z Rogalina i Dąb Wybickiego z Muzeum Hymnu Narodowego w Będominie, liczący około 400 lat. W kwietniu 2019 r. otrzymane sadzonki, o wysokości około 2 m, posadzono w niedalekiej odległości od drzew matecznych.
In recent years a decline of the oldest oaks (often monumental trees) aged up to several hundred years has been observed in Poland. That is why conservation of their genetic resources is crucial. The trees have many valuable traits of resistance to changing environmental factors, which allowed them to survive in a changing environment. Vegetative propagation of oaks by using traditional methods is not possible because they cannot be easily propagated by cuttings. The main goal of our research was to assess the potential of the oldest oaks growing in Poland for regeneration in plant tissue culture. Plant material was collected from 21 monumental oaks. Their lignified shoots were collected at the end of April and next adventitious shoots were induced from them in vase culture. The shoots, used as explants in tissue culture, were propagated and rooted. As a result of this study, correctly growing plantlets (clones) were obtained under ex vitro conditions of several monumental oaks. Among them Rus Oak and The Wybicki Oak. There were no significant correlations between the age or trunk circumference at breast height of the maternal trees and the ability of their adventitious shoots to root in vitro culture, and the success rate of their acclimation. Two cloned monumental trees, Rus Oak and The Wybicki Oak were planted as 2 m high seedlings respectively in Rogalin and Będomin, near their mother trees in April, 2019.
Źródło:
Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Dendrologicznego; 2019, 67; 53-60
2080-4164
2300-8326
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Dendrologicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe gatunki mchów we florze Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego
New species in the moss flora of the Wigry National Park
Autorzy:
Staniszek-Kik, M.
Gorski, P.
Faftynowicz, W.
Faftynowicz, H.
Halama, M.
Kowalewska, A.
Patejuk, K.
Pencakowski, B.
Piegdon, A.
Romanski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2118628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
Tematy:
mszaki
epifity
korony drzew
Quercus robur
Populus tremula
Acer pseudoplatanus
Picea abies
Opis:
In the years 2017–2019 bryological investigations were carried out in the Wigierski National Park. As a result, five moss species new to this area have been found – Dicranoweisia cirrata, Homomallium incurvatum, Orthotrichum pulchellum, Serpoleskea subtilis and Zygodon rupestris. The paper provides information about their localities and habitats.
Źródło:
Steciana; 2020, 24, 3; 17-20
1689-653X
Pojawia się w:
Steciana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Galasy rodzimych gatunków dębu jako potencjalny surowiec garbnikowy
Gall-nuts of native oak species as a potential tannin raw material
Autorzy:
Bilek, M.
Kozlowska-Tylingo, K.
Gostkowski, M.
Staniszewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
uboczne uzytkowanie lasu
dab
Quercus
galasy
garbniki
taniny
zawartosc garbnikow
forest utilisation
non−wood forest products
oak
oak gall−nuts
tannins
Opis:
Oak gall−nuts are pathological excrescences on the leaves of oaks (in Poland: Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea Liebl.) created by the Cynips quercusfolii L. The potential medical use of these non−wood forest products should be taken under consideration because of widespread use in folk medicine, but also because of the presence of gall−nuts of Middle Eastern oak species Quercus infectoria in the current Farmakopea… [2017]. The aim of this study was the preliminary analyzes of Quercus robur L. galls in the context of the diversity of the raw material and its possible consequences for the variability in tannin content, and therefore for the therapeutic value. The galls were collected in September 2018 from five living trees forming compact mid−field tree plantation in Podkarpackie Region (SE Poland). To determine the tannin content, hide powder method was used, while mass spectrometry was used for determining the identity of the raw material. The tannin content was found to be between 10.02 ±0.2% and 15.47 ±0.07%. There were no statistical differences between the tannin content of four weight groups of tested gall−nuts. The analysis of mass spectra showed the presence of gallic acid and tannin disintegration products. The results indicate that the tannin content in domestic oak galls is lower than in Quercus infectoria ones, for which less than 20% is required, however Polish galls are still the richest native tannin raw material. It was not proved that the content of tannins in oak galls was influenced by their size. A large variation in tannin content depending on the sample suggests that it might be possible to identify i.e. forest sites or climatic zones, where the obtained gall−nuts will be characterized by the high tannin content.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 746-753
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic diversity and differentiation of coexisting populations of Quercus robur L.and Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.
Autorzy:
Sandurska, E.
Ulaszewski, B.
Burczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2117873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
nature reserve
genetic diversity
genetic differentiation
species identification
effective
population size
Quercus petraea
Q. robur
Opis:
Pedunculate and sessile oaks (Quercus robur L.; Q. petraea [Matt] Liebl.) often coexist in mixed forest stands. However, species-specific investigations and forest management actions in such populations require reliable methods of identification of the species status of individuals. We investigated genetic diversity and species dif- ferentiation of adult and naturally established seedling cohorts in a mixed forest stand composed of Q. robur and Q. petraea, located in the Jamy Nature Reserve in north-central Poland. Using nineteen nuclear microsatellite loci and a model-based clustering approach as a tool for species delineation, we efficiently identified 105 and 60 adults, as well as 191 and 456 seedlings of pedunculate and sessile oaks, respectively. While the adult trees of both species were randomly distributed throughout the sample plot, the seedlings demonstrated significant spatial clustering, which was particularly evident for Q. petraea. The two oak species exhibited similar levels of genetic diversity in adult and offspring cohorts. Inbreeding was found to be low and significant only at the stage of seedlings. The estimates of effective population size were higher for Q. robur than Q. petraea, despite the overall greater reproductive success of the later one. There was a significant level of differentiation between the studied oak species, as measured by Fst coefficient (0.084 – adults; 0.099 – seedlings). The results on genetic diversity and species differentiation obtained in the studied indigenous near-natural stand of Q. robur and Q. petraea could be considered as a reference for other population genetic studies of oaks.
Źródło:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica; 2019, 61, 1; 17-28
0001-5296
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lignocellulosic fraction of the pericarps of the acorns of Quercus suber and Quercus ilex: isolation, characterization, and biosorption studies in the removal of copper from aqueous solutions
Autorzy:
Mébarki, Moubarek
Hachem, Kadda
Harche, Meriem Kaid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779763.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
adsorption
Cu(II)
lignocellulosic fraction
pericarp
Quercus sp.
Opis:
Pericarps of Algerian Quercus ilex (Q. ilex) and Quercus suber (Q. suber) were used as copper adsorbents in artifi cially contaminated solutions. Exposing accessible lignocellulosic binding sites enhanced adsorption. The lignocellulosic fractions of Q. suber and Q. ilex (36.47±9.1 and 47.66±9.3, respectively) were characterized by FTIR before and after adsorption. The aim was to identify the functional groups adsorbing Cu(II). SEM/EDX determined lignocellulose surface morphology and composition. The amount of adsorbent-bound Cu(II) increased with initial [Cu(II)]. Cu(II) adsorption range was 23.59–48.06 mg.g–1 for Q. Suber and 22.56–38.19 mg.g–1 for Q. ilex when [Cu(II)] was 100–500 mg.L–1. Adsorption isotherms and Langmuir and Freundlich models of the Q. suber and Q. ilex lignocellulosic fractions indicated natural Cu(II)adsorption capacities (Qmax) of 53.76 mg.g–1 and 36.06 mg.g–1 and KF of 5.9 mg.g–1 and 7.43 mg.g–1, respectively.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2019, 21, 3; 40-47
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pionowe zróżnicowanie bogactwa i składu gatunkowego myko-, licheno- i briobioty drzew powiatrołomowych w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym
Vertical differentiation of the richness and species composition of the myco-, licheno- and briobiota of windthrown trees in Kampinos National Park
Autorzy:
Zaniewski, P.T.
Szczepkowski, A.
Gierczyk, B.
Kujawa, A.
Ślusarczyk, T.
Fojcik, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985753.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
parki narodowe
Kampinoski Park Narodowy
drzewa lesne
wiatrolomy
dab bezszypulkowy
Quercus petraea
Quercus x rosacea
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
epifity
epiksylity
grzyby makroskopijne
grzyby mikroskopijne
porosty
grzyby naporostowe
mszaki
bogactwo gatunkowe
sklad gatunkowy
zroznicowanie pionowe
biodiversity
quercus petraea
q. × rosacea
betula pendula
pinus sylvestris
rarefaction curve
Opis:
Vertical distribution of species richness of various groups of organisms within trees is still insufficiently understood. The reason for this are, among others, the difficulties in accessing standing trees. The aim of the study was to determine the differentiation of species richness of fungi, lichens and lichenicolous fungi and bryophyte of three tree species (oak, birch and pine) within windthrow areas in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). Ten individuals of each tree species were chosen. They were only thrown, not broken, without serious damage, still alive and easily accessible. The investigations of species composition were performed in five parts of each tree: trunk bottom, lower trunk, upper trunk, lower crown and upper crown. Individual parts of the trees were measured, than their surface and volume were determined. The species richness of the studied groups of organisms was calculated using rarefaction curves based on the number of samples, volume and area of the distinguished tree parts. Species composition changes of the tree parts were described using non−metric multidimensional scaling. The most important parts of trees for fungi were the crowns of trees, in particular oak’s. The highest richness of lichens was found within the crown of oaks, however they were recorded within all of the distinguished tree parts. The highest richness of bryophytes was recorded in the lower crown of oak and the trunk base of birch, but this group of organisms generally did not inhabit the birch and pine crowns. In the case of rarefaction curves based on the number of samples, the large positive meaning of the oak was observed, however the observed pattern was different when the volume and surface were taken into account. The general species richness of the studied taxa was similar for three tree species, the pine was distinguished positively in case of fungi, birch – in the case of lichens and oak – in the case of bryophytes. The species of trees differ from each other in terms of the species composition of the studied groups of organisms. We also observed the gradual change in the species composition from the base of the trunk to the upper crown.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 12; 980-988
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola sójki (Garrulus glandarius) w inicjowaniu przemian sukcesyjnych zbiorowisk leśnych z udziałem dębu (Quercus sp.)
Role of jay (Garrulus glandarius) in initializing successional changes in forest communities with the participation of oak (Quercus sp.)
Autorzy:
Olszewski, A.
Brzeziecki, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
zbiorowiska lesne
sukcesja roslin
dab
Quercus
zoochoria
sojka
Garrulus glandarius
acorn
jay
oak
ornitochory
seed dispersal
stand heterogeneity
tree succession
zoochory
Opis:
The ability of spatial expansion and conquering of new locations, suitable for growth, is one of the most important properties enabling different plant species (including forest trees) a permanent existence in a constantly changing (in space and in time) environment. In the course of evolution, plants developed several adaptations and mechanisms enabling them to capture new localities appropriate for life. The key role in this process is played by so called propagules, i.e. differently built spores, seeds and fruits. The main sources of forces and major transportation vectors for propagules are such mechanisms as: power of gravity (barochory), wind (anemochory), water (hydrochory), animals (zoochory) and man (antropochory). Among them, in case of tree species producing large seeds, containing bulky amounts of food resources, the most important role is played by zoochory. The special variant of zoochory is ornitochory, i.e. dispersion of plant propagules by birds. One of the best known and documented examples of ornitochory is dispersal of oak acorns by jays (Garrulus glandarius). The contemporary research shows that during a vegetation period one single bird is able to deposit even several thousends of acorns within the area of 10 to 100 ha. The dispersal distance in case of acorns distributed by jays is variable and depends on several factors, first of all, climatic conditions and degree of environmental heterogeneity. On average, acorns are distributed within a distance of several hundred meters from seed trees; sometimes they are disseminated at a distance of several (4−8, maximum 20) kilometers. As a rule, only a part of deposited acorns is uncovered and consumed by birds, thus at least some of them can germinate and produce new oak seedlings. It was also recently demonstrated that jays preferably put down acorns under the stand canopies composed by tree species other than oak, for instance, under Scots pine trees. Under favourable conditions, this initiates natural successional processes and leads to a significant conversion of tree stand composition. Considering a large scale and commonness of this phenomenon, it deserves an interest and attention, not in the case of natural forests only, but in the case of managed forests as well, in which the quasi−natural, successional processes, initiated by jays, can considerably contribute to a greater compositional and structural diversity of tree stands.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 479-88
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ redukcji konkurencji brzozy brodawkowatej na wzrost dębu bezszypułkowego w fazie młodnika
Effect of reducing silver birch competition on growth of sessile oak during the thicket stage
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, T.
Milewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
drzewostany mieszane
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
konkurencyjnosc
mlodniki
dab bezszypulkowy
Quercus petraea
wzrost roslin
betula pendula
interspecific competition
mixed−stand
quercus
stand treatment
Opis:
Naturally regenerated silver birch is one of the most abundant competitor for planted seedlings in central Poland. The effect of the interaction between planted oak seedlings and naturally regenerated birch was studied in 14−17−years−old sessile oak stand. The experiment was established at stand age of 14−years. At that time, there were around 4000 oaks and 10000 birches per hectare. A sample of dominant individuals of oak were selected and one of three treatments were applied to each individual. The treatments included: (i) removal of all naturally regenerated trees in a radius of 1 m (W1), (ii) removal of all naturally regenerated trees in a radius of 2 m (W2) and (iii) untreated control (K). Breast height diameter and height of selected oaks were measured during three years following the experiment establishment. The release of competition resulted in greater diameter and height growth. The diameter growth was increasing with an increment of free space from oak and was the greatest in the W2 treatment. The increment of height growth was similar regardless of the treatment radius. In practical forestry, silver birch can be recommended as admixture in pure oak stands with low survival rate as replacement for dead oaks. However, a minimum distance of 2 m between oak and birch should be kept.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 452-459
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ trzebieży na przyrost radialny dębu w Nadleśnictwie Międzyrzec
Effect of thinning on radial increment of oak in Miedzyrzec Forest District
Autorzy:
Sacewicz, W.
Bijak, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
dab
Quercus
reakcje przyrostowe
przyrosty radialne
zabiegi hodowlane
trzebieze
Nadlesnictwo Miedzyrzec
quercus sp.
tree−ring analysis
silvicultural treatment
increment response
Opis:
The intermediate cuttings have an important impact on the stand structure and productivity. Choosing the right method of the treatment performance is the decision, which is fundamental in shaping tree stands stability. The radial increment, apart from the natural growth potential of particular species, is influenced by many abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors, among which one can distinguish those that influence it directly, e.g. thinning. The study objective was to determine the effect of silvicultural treatments on the increment reaction of oak (Quercus sp.) stands in the Międzyrzec Forest District (eastern Poland). The empirical material was collected in six forest stands located in the Witoroż forest range. In each stand we cored 10 dominant and co−dominant trees (representing 1st and 2nd Kraft’s biosocial classes). After the measurements of the tree−ring widths and the synchronization of incremental series, the raw and standard chronologies were elaborated for each stand. In total, we analysed 8 treatments: six early and one late selection thinnings, and one late salvage thinning (tab. 1). For each treatment, three− and five−years’ value of mean tree−ring width was calculated for the period before and after the cut. Additionally, we calculated the incremental response parameters: recovery (Rc), resilience (Rs) and resistance (Rt) indices. For the majority of the analysed treatments, the cuts resulted in an increase in average tree−ring width both in the 3−, and 5−years perspective. However, statistically significant changes in this parameter occurred only in a few cases (fig. 2). The average values of incremental response indicators show that the investigated oak stands are characterized by a significant adaptive capacity and a rapid recovery of incremental capacity in the analysed time spans. At the same time, the low values of Rt index suggest that their growth resistance to disturbance caused by the thinning is rather low. The age of the stand at the time of the treatment significantly affected the incremental response parameters of the examined oaks. The older the stand, the incremental response was less intense.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 08; 645-654
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie technik biologii molekularnej do detekcji Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun and S. Takam. w organach roślinnych
Applying the molecular biology techniques to the detection of Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun and S. Takam. in plant parts
Autorzy:
Roszak, R.
Baranowska, M.
Belka, M.
Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
dab
Quercus
paki
liscie
pedy
maczniak prawdziwy debu
Erysiphe alphitoides
wykrywanie
techniki biologii molekularnej
oak powdery mildew
sessile oak
overwintering
fungal diseases
its
Opis:
Erysiphe alphitoides causes the most common disease of assimilation apparatus of oaks of different age. It is believed that the pathogen overwinters in buds of the host plant or in the cracks of the bark. The aim of the study was to search for the presence of E. alphitoides in buds, leaves, and wood of sessile oak shoots using molecular techniques. Two hypotheses have been tested: (i) oaks are infected by E. alphitoides, and (ii) the pathogen overwinters in the host plant buds. The samples used in the study were collected form sessile oak trees (Miradz Forest District; 52°41'23.197'N, 18°25'33.942'E) in 2017, and consisted of dormant buds (collected in May), young leaves (collected in June), leaves with visible symptoms of the disease (collected in August), shoot with sip and surface layers of wood (collected in December). Additional part of buds was collected in May 2018. The PCR reaction was carried out with primers specific for E. alphitoides and E. hypophylla. For species identification Sanger method was used. The resulting sequences were compared using BLAST algorithm with reference sequences deposited in the NCBI database. Sequences from isolates obtained from leaves showed 97−99% similarity to the reference sequence of E. alphitoides. Pathogen did not occur in the superficial layers of shoots and buds. As some studies show, at very low temperatures (below –20°C), the mycelium of the pathogen dies, therefore further study should be undertaken on wintering of the pathogen causing the powdery mildew disease on oaks. It also should be examined whether the pathogen overwinters in the form of bagnial spores produced in chasmothecia overwintering on leaves, in the leaf buds, or in bark cracks, and whether the wintering site of the pathogen is related to the age of trees and or to the stands where the trees grow.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 740-745
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zdrowotność oraz czas zarastania sęków po podkrzesaniu dębu
Knot soundness and occlusion time after artificial pruning of oak
Autorzy:
Mederski, P.S.
Szczawinski, D.
Giefing, D.F.
Naparty, K.
Brunka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
drzewa lisciaste
podkrzesywanie drzew
dab
Quercus
seki zdrowe
seki zepsute
zarastanie
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2019, 80, 1
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 235

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