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Tytuł:
Bisphenol A (BPA) in food contact materials - new scientific opinion from EFSA regarding public health risk
Autorzy:
Cwiek-Ludwicka, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/875549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
bisphenol A
food contact material
scientific opinion
European Food Safety Authority
public health risk
toxicology
exposure
toxicity
daily intake
specific migration
migration limit
Opis:
The wide use of bisphenol A (BPA) as a monomer in plastics manufacture or epoxy resins intended for food contact materials (FCM) has triggered numerous concerns due to toxicological findings indicating possible endocrine disrupting properties. This article traces the evolution of the scientific opinions since 1986 when the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for BPA and its specific migration limit (SML) from plastic FCM into food were proposed for the first time by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF). Resent extensive scientific studies concerning refined data on toxicity and exposure to BPA from food and non-food sources (eg. dust, cosmetics, thermal paper), including the most vulnerable groups of population, allowed the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to reduce the TDI of BPA from previously 50 μg/kg bw/day to now 4 μg/kg bw/day. EFSA’s latest scientific opinion published in 2015 concludes that basing on the current estimations of total exposure to BPA from dietary and non-dietary sources for infants, children and adolescents is below the temporary TDI of 4 μg/kg bw/day. EFSA has also underlined that BPA poses no health risk at the estimated exposure levels of any population age group, including unborn children and the elderly. However, EFSA has indicated that some data on exposure and toxicological effects still require clarifications.
Szerokie zastosowanie bisfenolu A (BPA) jako monomeru w produkcji tworzyw sztucznych i żywic epoksydowych przeznaczonych do kontaktu z żywnością wywołało wiele obaw wynikających z badań toksykologicznych wskazujących na możliwe szkodliwe działanie, szczególnie odnoszące się do efektów endokrynnych. W artykule przedstawiono ewolucję podejścia do BPA oraz kolejnych opinii naukowych od 1986 roku, kiedy Naukowy Komitet ds. Żywności (SCF) po raz pierwszy zaproponował dla BPA wartość tolerowanego dziennego pobrania (TDI) i limit migracji specyficznej (SML) tego związku do żywności z materiałów z tworzyw sztucznych przeznaczonych do kontaktu z żywnością. Obszerne piśmiennictwo naukowe dotyczące pogłębionych badań toksycznego działania i narażenia na BPA, zarówno z żywności, jak i ze źródeł poza żywnościowych (kurz, kosmetyki, papier termiczny), uwzględniające najbardziej wrażliwe grupy populacji, umożliwiły EFSA obniżenie TDI z 50 μg/kg mc/dzień do 4 μg/kg mc/dzień. EFSA w swojej naukowej opinii z 2015 roku podkreśla, że na podstawie aktualnych oszacowań całkowite narażenie niemowląt, dzieci i młodzieży na BPA ze źródeł żywieniowych i poza żywieniowych jest poniżej tymczasowego TDI, wynoszącego 4 μg/kg mc/dzień. W opinii tej EFSA podkreśliła, że BPA nie stwarza ryzyka dla zdrowia, przy oszacowanych poziomach narażenia, dla żadnej z grup populacji, włączając również nienarodzone dzieci i osoby starsze. EFSA wskazała jednak na potrzebę wyjaśnienia niektórych danych dotyczących narażenia i badań toksykologicznych.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2015, 66, 4
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of emission abatement scenario to improve urban air quality
Analiza scenariuszy emisyjnych w celu poprawy jakości powietrza w mieście : studium dla Warszawy
Autorzy:
Holnicki, Piotr
Kałuszko, Andrzej
Nahorski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
scenario analysis
urban air quality
emission abatement
Euro Norm limits
public health risk
analiza scenariuszy
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
jakość powietrza w miastach
redukcja emisji
limity normy Euro
zagrożenie dla zdrowia publicznego
Opis:
Air quality in Warsaw is mainly affected by two classes of internal polluting sources: transportation and municipal sector emissions, apart from external pollution inflow. Warsaw authorities prepared strategies of mitigating emissions coming from both these sectors. In this study we analyze effects of the implementation of these strategies by modeling air pollution in Warsaw using several mitigation scenarios. The applied model, operating on a homogeneous discretization grid, forecasts the annual average concentrations of individual pollutants and the related population health risk. The results reveal that the measures planned by the authorities will cause almost 50% reduction of the residents’ exposure to NOx pollution and almost 23% reduction of the exposure to CO pollution due to the transport emissions, while the residents’ exposure reductions due to the municipal sector are 10% for PM10, 15% for PM2.5, and 26% for BaP. The relatively smaller reductions due to municipal sector are connected with high transboundary inflow of pollutants (38% for PM10, 45% for PM2.5, 36% for BaP, and 45% for CO). The implementation of the discussed strategies will reduce the annual mean concentrations of NOx and PM2.5 below the limits of the Ambient Air Quality Directive. Despite the lower exposure reduction, the abatement of municipal sector emissions results in a very significant reduction in health risks, in particular, in the attributable mortality and the DALY index. This is due to the dominant share of municipal pollution (PM2.5 in particular) in the related health effects.
Na poziom zanieczyszczenia powietrza w Warszawie wpływają głównie dwa kategorie źródeł: transport oraz sektor komunalny. Władze miasta wdrażają strategie ograniczenia emisji obu sektorów. W pracy analizowane są możliwe skutki wprowadzenia tych rozwiązań, przy wykorzystaniu metod komputerowego modelowania propagacji zanieczyszczeń. Zastosowany model, operujący na jednorodnej siatce dyskretyzacji obszaru, prognozuje stężenia średnioroczne poszczególnych zanieczyszczeń oraz ich skutki zdrowotne dla mieszkańców. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że planowane zmiany w sektorze transportu spowodują zmniejszenie ekspozycji mieszkańców o ok. 50% ze względu na zanieczyszczenie NOx oraz o ok. 23% związane z zanieczyszczeniem CO. Analogiczna redukcja ekspozycji w wyniku modernizacji sektora komunalnego wynosi: 10% (PM10), 15% (PM2.5) oraz 26% (BaP). Relatywnie mniejsza redukcja zanieczyszczeń z sektora komunalnego wynika z dużego udziału napływu transgranicznego tych zanieczyszczeń z otoczenia Warszawy. Pomimo mniejszej redukcji ekspozycji, ograniczenie emisji z sektora komunalnego powoduje bardzo istotne zmniejszenie ryzyka zdrowotnego, w szczególności śmiertelności mieszkańców oraz wskaźnika DALY. Wynika to z dominującego udziału zanieczyszczeń komunalnych (np. PM2.5) w oddziaływaniu na zdrowie mieszkańców.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2021, 47, 2; 103-114
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lead in game bird meat as a risk to public health: new aspects in the light of physical phenomena generated by a projectile
Autorzy:
Felsmann, M.Z.
Szarek, J.
Felsmann, M.
Gulda, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
lead
bird meat
health risk
risk
public health
new aspect
physical phenomenon
hunting
ammunition
Opis:
Annually, hunters shoot millions of birds with lead ammunition. Many studies indicate diverse and often very high lead levels in the edible parts of game. Considering the number of hunters, the determined levels may pose a public health risk. Shotgun pellets are the main source of lead contamination of game animal tissues. Despite numerous studies indicating lead contamination in game birds, no significant reasons for diverse contamination of tissues with this toxic metal have been reported. The personal analysis presented in this paper suggests that the explanation for diverse levels of contamination of game animal tissues should be sought in physical phenomena generated by a projectile in damaged animal tissues. The projectile penetrating a target generates a multi-phase medium from destroyed tissues and simultaneously changes the shape of its front part. This movement of projectile is an example of a turbulent flow. The interpretation of the interaction between a projectile and damaged tissues indicate that the variable and unpredictable parameters of a projectile for each shot and the medium created by a projectile make it, impossible to determine, the degree of this interaction. The phenomenon of a temporary cavity created by a shot seems to determine the magnitude of lead transfer into tissues surrounding the path of a wound. Fluid mechanics also explains the relatively high lead levels in game birds in comparison with the levels determined in big game animals. In view of the unpredictability of projectile-animal body interactions, it should be assumed that game bird shot with lead pellets contains the lead levels dangerous to human health. Therefore, the use of lead pellets for bird shooting should be banned.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2016, 21, 2
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of climate conditions on hospital admissions for subcategories of cardiovascular diseases
Autorzy:
Bijelović, Sanja
Dragić, Nataša
Bijelović, Milorad
Kovačević, Mila
Jevtić, Marija
Ninkovic Mrđenovački, Olivera
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164116.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-24
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
risk
hospitalization
public health
association
climate
heart diseases
Opis:
Background The aim of this study has been to examine the association between climate conditions (CC) and hospital admissions for the subcategories of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), according to patients’ age. Material and Methods From January 2010 through December 2011, the daily number of hospital admissions for angina pectoris (AP), essential hypertension (EH), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart diseases (IHD) for adults (19–64 years old) and the elderly (≥ 65 years old), as well as for the CC (N = 728 days) was collected for multivariate Poisson regression analysis, confounding with season and weekends. The results were expressed by using the relative risk with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results The risk for the AMI among the adults and the elderly is significantly higher for 41.8% and 38.9%, respectively on the days with lower ambient temperature and lesser for 32.7% and 29.8%, respectively on the days with lower air pressure values. The risk for the IHD among the elderly is significantly higher on the days with lower ambient temperature and lower relative humidity for 50.6% and 37.4%, respectively. Conclusions Our findings explain how the CC and subcategories of CVD are associated, which could be used for adequate public awareness of the risk for hospitalization due to climate conditions. Med Pr 2017;68(2):189–197
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2017, 68, 2; 189-197
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors associated to burn-out among Ibn Sina Hospital public health professionals
Autorzy:
Chtibi, Hassan
Mammad, Khaoula
Alaoui, Asmaa Mdaghri
Mohammed, Ouhssine
Jamila, Riyahi
Touhami Ahami, Ahmed Omar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-22
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
Burnout
Public Health professionals
risk factors
Burnout (MBI) scale
Opis:
Burn-out or exhaustion syndrome is caused by a prolonged exposure to a chronic professional stress. Public Health Professionals are the most exposed to this kind of risk. The ultimate goal here is to determine the prevalence of the burn-out and search for factors associated with this pathology among those who work in the field of health. Our sample, which is from the Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, consists of 150 nurses, 80 doctors, and 40 administrators. A self-questionnaire was employed, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as well as a clinical interview. The results of this study show a high degree of burnout. Moreover, 56.66% of participants show a high level of emotional exhaustion, 45.18% suffer from a high level of depression. Meanwhile, the loss of a sense of personal accomplishment is high among 48.51% of those surveyed. The emotional exhaustion observed among people who have worked for a long time ago is associated with the means of transportation used and to the unsuitable hours of work. Depersonalization exists among elderly people and the oldest at work. This study confirms the existence of a high level of burnout among health professionals. Many socio-demographic and socio-professional factors contribute to the increase in the level that people are affected. These factors encourage the promotion of better working life conditions.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2024, 22(1); 95-106
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational health: the role of demographic factors in the condition of increased risk
Autorzy:
Sitarevic, Aleksandra
Nesic-Tomasevic, Ana
Nikolic, Dragan
Sofic, Aleksandar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-05-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
anxiety
public health
satisfaction with life
depression symptoms
mental health
condition of risk
Opis:
Objectives The paper analyses the impact of socio-demographic characteristics of the employees in conditions of uncertainty in the organizations. Material and Methods The study was conducted on a sample of 210 employees using the Mental Health Inventory – 38 (MHI-38), Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D). Results The results showed that female respondents had significantly higher scores on ANX (t = 2,278, p < 0.05), while male employees had higher scores on life satisfaction (t = 2.103, p < 0.05). Older employees have a higher tendency for loss of emotional-behavioral control (F = 4.427, p < 0.05). Respondents who have satisfying living standards have also higher scores on SWLS (t = 2.257, p < 0.05). Respondents who have dissatisfying living standard have higher scores on generally positive affect (t = 3.152, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (t = 3.571, p < 0.01), psychological distress (t = 2.929, p < 0.01) and loss of emotional- behavioral control (t = 2.361, p < 0.05). Employees with different levels of educational background have similar tendencies in life satisfaction, mental health, and depressive symptoms (p > 0.05). Conclusions The study showed that the specific socio-demographic profile of the employees is related to higher levels of mental health issues. Specifically, the mental health of female and older employees have been especially affected and disturbed by uncertain conditions. The results can be potentially used both in the terms of designing activities that support the mental health of the population, as well as in relation to the mental health of employees. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(2)
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2023, 36, 2; 250-262
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical incidents resulted in hazardous substances releases in the context of human health hazards
Autorzy:
Pałaszewska-Tkacz, Anna
Czerczak, Sławomir
Konieczko, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02-21
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
environmental health
public health implications
health risk assessment
Chemical Hazards
chemical incidents
hazardous chemical releases
Opis:
Objectives The research purpose was to analyze data concerning chemical incidents in Poland collected in 1999–2009 in terms of health hazards. Material and Methods The data was obtained, using multimodal information technology (IT) system, from chemical incidents reports prepared by rescuers at the scene. The final analysis covered sudden events associated with uncontrolled release of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures, which may potentially lead to human exposure. Releases of unidentified substances where emergency services took action to protect human health or environment were also included. Results The number of analyzed chemical incidents in 1999–2009 was 2930 with more than 200 different substances released. The substances were classified into 13 groups of substances and mixtures posing analogous risks. Most common releases were connected with non-flammable corrosive liquids, including: hydrochloric acid (199 cases), sulfuric(VI) acid (131 cases), sodium and potassium hydroxides (69 cases), ammonia solution (52 cases) and butyric acid (32 cases). The next group were gases hazardous only due to physico-chemical properties, including: extremely flammable propane-butane (249 cases) and methane (79 cases). There was no statistically significant trend associated with the total number of incidents. Only with the number of incidents with flammable corrosive, toxic and/or harmful liquids, the regression analysis revealed a statistically significant downward trend. The number of victims reported was 1997, including 1092 children and 18 fatalities. Conclusions The number of people injured, number of incidents and the high 9th place of Poland in terms of the number of Seveso establishments, and 4 times higher number of hazardous industrial establishments not covered by the Seveso Directive justify the need for systematic analysis of hazards and their proper identification. It is advisable enhance health risk assessment, both qualitative and quantitative, by slight modification of the data collection system so as to enable the determination of released chemical concentration and exposed populations. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(1):95–110
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 1; 95-110
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychoactive plants used in designer drugs as a threat to public health
Rośliny psychoaktywne w dopalaczach jako zagrożenie dla zdrowia publicznego
Autorzy:
Rondzisty, A.
Dziekan, K.
Kowalska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/71727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Włókien Naturalnych i Roślin Zielarskich
Tematy:
plant material
psychoactive substance
designer drug
threat
health risk factor
public health
drug
adolescent
Opis:
Based on epidemiologic surveys conducted in 2007–2013, an increase in the consumption of psychoactive substances has been observed. This growth is noticeable in Europe and in Poland. With the ‘designer drugs’ launch on the market, which ingredients were not placed on the list of controlled substances in the Misuse of Drugs Act, a rise in the number and diversity of psychoactive agents and mixtures was noticed, used to achieve a different state of mind. Thus, the threat to the health and lives of people who use them has grown. In this paper, the authors describe the phenomenon of the use of plant psychoactive substances, paying attention to young people who experiment with new narcotics. This article also discusses the mode of action and side effects of plant materials proscribed under the Misuse of Drugs Act in Poland.
Na podstawie badań epidemiologicznych w Polsce i Europie w latach 2007–2013 zaobserwowano wzrost konsumpcji środków psychoaktywnych. Wraz z wprowadzeniem na rynek tzw. dopalaczy, których składniki do 2009 r. nie znajdowały się na liście substancji kontrolowanych przepisami Ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii, zwiększyła się liczba i różnorodność stosowanych substancji psychoaktywnych oraz ich mieszanek. Tym samym też wzrosło zagrożenie dla zdrowia i życia osób je zażywających. W niniejszej pracy autorzy omawiają zjawisko zażywania substancji psychoaktywnych pochodzenia roślinnego ze zwróceniem uwagi na jego występowanie wśród młodzieży, chętnie eksperymentującej z nowymi narkotykami. Artykuł również omawia sposób działania oraz działania niepożądane zażywania produktów zawierających surowce roślinne, które zostały zdelegalizowane na mocy ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii w Polsce.
Źródło:
Herba Polonica; 2015, 61, 2
0018-0599
Pojawia się w:
Herba Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants (GMO) - challenges and approaches
Autorzy:
Nowakowska, J.A.
Sulkowska, M.
Oszako, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
environment risk
assessment
genetically modified plant
public health
alien species
pest
invasion
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2014, 56, 2
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk Factors, Processes and Risk Management within a Public Health Context
Czynniki ryzyka, procesów i zarządzania ryzykiem w obrębie zdrowia publicznego
Autorzy:
Szentes, Tamás
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
"chronic state of disease"
"indirect risk factor"
"primary
"primary risk factor"
"public health"
"risk management"
"secondary risk factor"
secondary and tertiary prevention"
Opis:
Besides clinical medicine, which is in the process of constant and fast development, the focus is increasingly on public health services, which should be well prepared for reducing or keeping under control the dangers induced by the growing social burden of disease. Continuous risk management is represented by these services that are specially designed to prevent diseases and health damages. The grounds for the planning and implementation of public health services are constituted by risk factor management and assessment by means of adopting a unified approach. The organisation as well as the cost-effective implementation of services – providing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention – on community and individual levels will be of utmost importance in the future, and will mean, besides risk equalisation, adopting a unified approach as to the provision of public health services.
Źródło:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine; 2016, 19, 2; 7-18
1505-7054
2084-6312
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entre liberdade individual e saúde coletiva: saberes e práticas em caso de descontinuidade do tratamento da tuberculose
Between Individual Freedom and Collective Health: Knowledge and Practice in the Event of Discontinuity of the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Autorzy:
Dias, Francisca Souza Santos
Grisotti, Marcia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/486447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
tuberculose
liberdade individual
tratamento
saúde pública
risco
tuberculosis
individual freedom
treatment
public health
risk
Opis:
Tuberculosis remains a significant cause of human suffering and death in the twenty-first century and represents a relevant public health problem. The article analyzes how the conflict between individual freedom and public health is related to tuberculosis treatment and how they are perceived and managed by the professionals and contacts involved in the process. This is qualitative research, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with contacts of tuberculosis patients, as well as health professionals from the Epidemiological Surveillance and Family Health Strategy, involved in Tuberculosis Control in the city of Araçuaí, MG.The data analysis verifies the tension between individual freedom and public health, showing that the discontinuity of treatment is related to two political senses of freedom. While in the negative sense the person is considered free when no person or group interferes with his actions, in the positive sense freedom is understood as the self-determination of the individual. Therefore, considering the risks that freedom in the decision not to adhere to treatment (positive sense) may bring to the community, the conception of negative freedom applied by the Brazilian health system is based on interference, requiring conduct and strategies in these cases.
A tuberculose permanece causando sofrimento humano e morte em pleno século XXI, representando um relevante problema de saúde pública. O artigo analisa os conflitos entre a liberdade individual e a saúde pública relacionados ao tratamento da tuberculose e como eles são percebidos e gerenciados pelos profissionais e contatos envolvidos no processo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas com os contatos dos portadores de tuberculose, bem como, com os profissionais de saúde da Vigilância Epidemiológica e da Estratégia Saúde da Família, envolvidos no Controle da Tuberculose no município de Araçuaí - MG. Na análise dos dados verificou-se a tensão entre a liberdade individual e a saúde pública, evidenciando que a descontinuidade do tratamento se relaciona com os dois sentidos políticos de liberdade. Enquanto no sentido negativo a pessoa é considerada livre quando nenhuma pessoa ou grupo interfere em suas ações, no sentido positivo, a liberdade é compreendida como a autodeterminação do indivíduo. Portanto, considerando os riscos que a liberdade na decisão por não aderir ao tratamento (sentido positivo) pode acarretar para a coletividade, a concepção de liberdade negativa aplicada pelo sistema de saúde brasileiro está baseada na interferência, exigindo condutas e estratégias diante desses casos.
Źródło:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2019, 24; 219-242
1641-4713
Pojawia się w:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migrant w sytuacji choroby
Migrant and diseases
Autorzy:
Kawczyńska-Butrym, Zofia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
health risk
migrants behaviour in case of illness
migrants’ health
migration
public health
ryzyko zdrowotne
zachowania migrantów w chorobie
zdrowie migrantów
zdrowie publiczne
Opis:
In the article main health problems specific for migration process and migrants strategies in case of illness were presented: self-treatment, limited access to health care services in immigration country and shifting the health care onto the country of origin. Mass migration together with migrants’ needs deprivation points at the need of inclusion of consequences of migration into the health policy of both sending and receiving countries.
Źródło:
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie; 2011, 9, 2; 113-118
2084-2627
Pojawia się w:
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Heavy metals hazards from Nigerian spices
Autorzy:
Asomugha, R.N.
Udowelle, N.A.
Offor, S.J.
Njoku, C.J.
Ofoma, I.V.
Chukwuogor, C.C.
Orisakwe, O.E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/871490.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
food product
food contamination
food contaminant
spice
heavy metal
hazard
risk assessment
public health
Nigeria
Opis:
Background. Natural spices are commonly used by the people in Nigeria. They may be easily contaminated with heavy metals when they are dried and then pose a health risk for the consumers. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals in some commonly consumed natural spices namely Prosopis Africana, Xylopia aethiopica, Piper gineense, Monodora myristica, Monodora tenuifolia and Capsicum frutescens sold in the local markets of Awka, Anambra state, South East Nigeria to estimate the potential health risk. Results. The range of heavy metal concentration was in the order: Zn (14.09 – 161.04) > Fe (28.15 – 134.59) > Pb (2.61 – 8.97) > Cr (0.001 – 3.81) > Co (0.28 – 3.07) > Ni (0.34 – 2.89). Pb, Fe and Zn exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for spices. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) of the spices varied from 0.06 – 0.5. Estimated daily intakes (EDI) were all below the tolerable daily intake (TDI). The lead levels in Prosopis africana, Xylopia aethiopica, Piper gineense, Monodora myristica and Capsicum frutescens which are 8-30 times higher than the WHO/FAO permissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg. Conclusions. Lead contamination of spices sold in Awka (south east Nigeria) may add to the body burden of lead. A good quality control for herbal food is important in order to protect consumers from contamination.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2016, 67, 3
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Predictors of sick leave owing to neck or low back pain: a 12-year longitudinal cohort study in a rural male population
Autorzy:
Holmberg, S A C
Thelin, A.G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
low back pain
neck pain
farming
sick leave
life style
self-employment
male
rural population
public health
risk
diagnosis
risk factor
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2010, 17, 2; 251-257
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal highs - legal aspects and legislative solutions
Autorzy:
Kapka-Skrzypczak, L.
Kulpa, P.
Sawicki, K.
Cyranka, M.
Wojtyla, A.
Kruszewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
legal high
legal aspect
legislative solution
legal regulation
new risk
public health
designer drug
psychoactive substance
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2011, 18, 2
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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