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Tytuł:
Charakterystyka miejsc gniazdowania jerzyka Apus apus w lasach Roztocza i Równiny Biłgorajskiej
Characteristics of nesting sites of the common swift Apus apus in the Roztocze and Biłgoraj Plains
Autorzy:
Stachyra, Przemysław
Mysłajek, Robert W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16728971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
relict bird populations
protected areas
old-growth forests
reliktowa populacje ptaków
obszary chronione
lasy naturalne
Opis:
During field studies conducted in 2019-2021, the common swift Apus apus was recorded in 78 sites located in the Roztocze and Biłgoraj Plains in south-eastern Poland. In total, 39.3% of the recorded sites were situated in national parks or nature reserves. The number of nesting pairs averaged 1.7 ±0.9 SD (range 1-5) at each study site, and did not differ between protected and managed forests. Swifts occurred in both coniferous and deciduous forests with the majority in old-growth stands (mean 147 years ±28 SD, range 80- 99). Interestingly, the mean stand age favored by the species was significantly higher in the Roztocze National Park (mean 161.9 years ±20.1 SD, range 120-90) than in managed forests (mean 139.4 years ±28.6 SD, range 80-199). All cavities in which swifts nested (n=28) were located in Scots pines Pinus sylvestris L. with a mean diameter at breast height of 57.5 cm ±9.0 SD (range 40-75 cm), and a mean height of 27.7 m ±3.0 SD (range 23-32 m). Cavities were located between 5 m and 27 m above ground (mean 16.5 m ±5.7 SD). In total, 75% of the cavities inhabited by swifts were excavated by great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos major, while the remaining cavities were created through bloating at the site where branches had broken o.f These results indicate that in order to protect the relict forest populations of the common swift, it is necessary to preserve patches of old-growth stands.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2021, 82, 4; 167-172
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of four methods for estimating relative solar radiation in managed and old-growth silver fir-beech forest
Autorzy:
Rozenbergar, D.
Kolar, U.
Cater, M.
Diaci, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
solar radiation
old-growth silver fir forest
beech forest
forest
light condition
forestry
hemispheric photography
Opis:
Methods based on the principle of hemispherical canopy projection, including hemispherical photography (digital andfilm), sensors like LAI 2000 (zenith cutoff anle 74,1°) andstable horizontoscope, represent less accurate, yet significantly less expensive andtime-consuming techniques for radiation measurements comparedto long-term measurement with a network of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors. With measurements taken at a single point in time they can provide reliable estimates of relative diffuse andd irect solar radiation andcan also be usedto estimate the light climate in different times of the year. The four above mentioned methods for solar radiation estimation were applied at the same points in gaps and under adjacent canopies in unevenaged, mixed Dinaric fir-beech and pure beech montane forests. Locations covereda range of radiation andstandstructure conditions. Data analyses showedgoodreliability of all four methods over the whole range (2–80%) of radiation conditions. The most comparable results come from LAI 2000 andfilm hemispherical photography (all R > 0.90). Digital hemispherical photography is an accurate andreliable (R = 0.89) replacement for film hemispherical photography, but the higher values estimatedfor direct radiation should be taken into account. Compared to the other three methods, the stable horizontoscope gives less accurate results, especially under canopies with poorly defined gaps. Our study showed that all four methods tested are suitable for estimating the solar radiation climate in gaps and stands with heterogeneous vertical structures, andhave potential value as a tool in decision making when practicing silviculture.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2011, 65
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Puszcza Białowieska: czym była, czym jest, czym ma być w przyszłości?
Bialowieza Forest: what it used to be, what it is now and what we want it to be in the future
Autorzy:
Szwagrzyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1294650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Puszcza Bialowieska
las naturalny
ochrona przyrody
gospodarka lesna
natural processes
nature conservation
old-growth stands
Opis:
For many centuries, management of the Białowieża Forest has not focused on timber production. Therefore, despite hunting, grazing by domestic animals and sporadic cutting of valuable trees the forest has retained its natural character. After World War I, a small part of the Białowieża Forest was protected as a reserve that later became a national park, while the remainder was managed for timber. After World War II, the protection status of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest was maintained with the national park at the center surrounded by managed stands. During the last few decades, the national park was enlarged and new reserves were established. However, the majority of the Białowieża Forest is still managed for timber. The forest management has been sustainable for decades and in the last few years logging has even been strongly reduced, to a level comparable with some national parks. In recent years the Białowieża Forest, like many areas in Central Europe, has been plagued by a high spruce mortality caused by bark beetles. In managed forests, cutting the infested spruces and removing them from the forest is a standard practice aimed at reducing the growth rate of the bark beetle population. This, however, raises the question of whether we expect the Białowieża Forest to remain a managed forest, in which case the fight against bark beetles would be justified, or whether we want it to be converted into a large national park? In the latter case, cutting trees to fight bark beetles would be inconsistent with the aim of conservation. Recent discussions concerning the Białowieża Forest have been dominated by two different ideologies for nature protection. The first approach aims at protecting nature to make it sustainable, beautiful and healthy. In the second approach, protecting nature is achieved by removing any direct human influence, even if the resulting natural environment does not meet our expectations.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2016, 77, 4
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 1. Zróżnicowanie gatunkowe, zagęszczenie i pierśnicowe pole przekroju
Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged Scots pine−dominated old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park. Part 1. Species composition, tree density and basal area
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Zajączkowski, J.
Olszewski, A.
Bolibok, L.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Bielak, K.
Buraczyk, W.
Drozdowski, S.
Gawron, L.
Jastrzębowski, S.
Szeligowski, H.
Żybura, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
forest dynamics
long−term research
old−growth forest
permanent study plot
strict protection
tree
species composition
Opis:
The paper describes changes, which took place over the last 30 years in old−growth forest stands occupying two permanent research plots, established in the Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). Both plots have a form of ecological transects. The Kaliszki plot is 20 m wide and 700 m long (1.40 ha), while the Sieraków plot (total area of 2.56 ha) consists of two parts: main (40×460 m) and side (40×180 m) transect. In the Kaliszki plot, the stand measurements were conducted in 1993, 2007, and 2017, while in the Sieraków plot – in 1989, 1994, 2006, and 2017. For every tree with breast height diameter (DBH) 5 cm, species identity, DBH and spatial coordinates were determined. Starting from the second census, all trees which had died (‘losses’), as well as trees which exceeded the DBH threshold (‘gains’) since the previous record were noted, as well. The major tree species occurring on sample plots are Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), silver and downy birch (Betula sp.), and black alder (Alnus glutinosa). During the study period, the overall tree density declined by ca. 50%. The diminishing trends occurred for all dominant tree species. In contrast to major, dominant tree species, the demographic status of a group of minor tree species (lime, hornbeam and maple) was much more stable. One may even speak about some expansion in this case. Particularly, hornbeam density increased rapidly in the period 2006−2017 in some areas of the main transect located in the Sieraków plot. The future studies will show if this tendency will be maintained and will include other regions of sample plots. Assuming a lack of significant disturbances, one may expect that the stands growing on research plots will rather slowly change in the nearest future. Most dynamics will have a quantitative and not qualitative character. One may anticipate, for example, a growing role of pedunculate oak at the expense of Scots pine, however, considering that the two species are rather long−living, they will probably for a long time keep their dominant roles in the stand canopies.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 392-403
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany bogactwa gatunkowego runa borów sosnowych na pasach wydmowych Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego na początku XXI wieku
Changes of the herb layer species richness within Scots pine forest of the dune belts in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland) at the beginning of XXI century
Autorzy:
Zaniewski, P.T.
Solon, J.
Ferchmin, M.
Siedlecki, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
peucedano−pinetum
querco−pinetum
permanent plots
semi−permanent plots
old−growth pine forest
fluctuation
species richness decrease
Opis:
Scots pine forest are of the main economic importance to the forest management in lowland Europe. Large areas of spontaneous pine forest, including old−growths, are located on two vast dune belts of the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). These forests grow on oligotrophic sandy soils with deep groundwater level. This makes the area unique to study long−term changes in this type of pine forest communities. The aim of the work was to assess the changes in the species composition and richness of undergrowth of Scots pine forests at the beginning of the XXI century. The study was conducted on 10 permanent and 53 semi−permanent plots located within stands of Peucedano−Pinetum and Querco−Pinetum associations on both dune belts of Kampinos National Park. The fieldworks were performed in 2001 and 2002, and repeated in 2015 and 2018. Based on Ward’s cluster analysis we described five local forms of plant communities. Seven species groups were distinguished and changes in their richness assessed using one sample Wilcoxon test. Each species group included species characteristic and/or differentiating for a given set of syntaxonomical units. The results confirmed the hypothesis of gradual decrease of the total species richness. The median of species richness change was –0.308 species per year and was statistically significant. The changes were bigger within the local forms of the Querco−Pinetum association in comparison to Peucedano−Pinetum. The decrease was connected especially with dry grassland and heathland species (characteristic for syntaxons of Koelerio−Corynephoretea and Nardo−Callunetea classes) as well as with coniferous forest generalist species (characteristic for syntaxons of Vaccinio−Piceetea and Cladonio−Vaccinietalia). The results suggest that the two main processes shaping the species composition at the beginning of XXI century within pine forest located on the dune belts of Kampinos National Park may be identified as (i) fluctuation, and (ii) simplification, manifested by species richness decrease. This is probably connected with forest regeneration after past human use and disturbance.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 04; 331-342
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hygrophilous old-growth forest lichens are highly capable of instantaneous photosynthesis activation after short-term desiccation stress
Autorzy:
Osyczka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
bioindicators
chlorophyll fluorescence
lichen ecophysiology
lichenized fungi
old-growth forest lichens
photosynthesis activation rate
lichen photobiont properties
Opis:
The vitality of lichens and their growth depend on the physiological status of both the fungal and algal partner. Many epiphytic lichens demonstrate high specificity to a habitat type and hygrophilous species are, as a rule, confined to close-to-natural forest complexes. Tolerance to desiccation stress and the rate of photosynthesis activation upon thallus hydration vary between species. Analyzes of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis efficiency have been widely applied to determine the viability of lichens. The aim of this study was to determine the activation photosynthesis rate upon hydration in epiphytic lichens exposed to short-term desiccation stress and to find potential links between their activation pattern and ecological properties. The results proved that even highly sensitive hygrophilous lichens, i.e., Cetrelia cetrarioides, Lobaria pulmonaria, Menegazzia terebrata, do not exhibit any delay in the restart of the photosynthesis process, compared to mesophytic or xerophytic ones. All examined lichens achieved nearly 100% of their maximum photosynthetic efficiency just one hour after they had been supplied with a relatively small quantity of water. Moreover, the increase in photosynthesis efficiency, measured at 20-minute intervals upon hydration, started from a relatively high level. In addition, the differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments and water holding capacity between species did not affect the general pattern of activation, which is comparable across various lichens. It can be concluded that healthy hygrophilous lichens do not require long hydration time to regain a high level of photosynthesis efficiency after a short rainless period. This fact supports the idea of applying chlorophyll fluorescence analysis in the field to assess vitality of lichens and the condition of their natural habitat.
Źródło:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica; 2022, 64, 1; 15-25
0001-5296
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza zależności struktury lasu od wieku na przykładzie drzewostanów sosnowych
Analysis of forest structure in relation to age – Scots pine case study
Autorzy:
Sławski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drzewostany sosnowe
starodrzew
struktura drzewostanu
wiek drzewostanu
zmiany struktury drzewostanu
leśnictwo
forest structure
old−growth
pine forest
Opis:
Structure of pine forests develops with age and becomes more complex in older stands. Key attributes of old−growth forest structure include presence of huge trees, coarse woody debris, hollow trees, trees with fungi, clearings, two or more layered structure. In total, 26 attributes show positive correlation with age. This set can be used as base for old−growthness index. Cluster analysis divided forest stands into four groups with different level of maturity. Stands older than 160 years occurred fully developed. It seams that in sustainable forestry attributes of old−growth forests can be maintained as key elements for biodiversity.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2011, 155, 01; 10-20
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 2. Procesy zamierania i dorastania oraz ich wpływ na rozkład grubości drzew
Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict reserves in Kampinos National Park. Part 2. Tree mortality and recruitment processes and their effects on tree diameter distributions
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Zajączkowski, J.
Olszewski, A.
Bolibok, L.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Bielak, K.
Buraczyk, W.
Drozdowski, S.
Gawron, L.
Jastrzębowski, S.
Szeligowski, H.
Żybura, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
demographic non−equilibrium
diameter structure
long−term study
old−growth forest
permanent study
plot
scots pine
strict protection
Opis:
Two fundamental demographic processes (tree recruitment and mortality) are analyzed for forest stands growing on permanent study plots located in strictly protected Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands of Kampinos National Park (central Poland). The major implications of the observed demographic trends for the general shape of tree size distributions are determined, as well. During the past ca 30 years, in the stands sampled, there was a pronounced lack of balance between mortality and recruitment processes. Mortality rate was eight times higher than recruitment rate. Eventually, there was a net significant decline in population density, observed for all major tree species, including Scots pine, pedunculate oak, silver and downy birch, and black alder. As mortality processes affected mainly smaller trees, there was also a significant deterioration of the general demographic status of most important tree species. This effect was shown by the change of the overall shape of diameter distributions over the study period: from reverse J−shaped to flat curves running nearly parallel to X−axis. The values of recruitment rates were markedly lower, and the values of mortality rates – significantly higher, than analogous values characterizing comparable forests (e.g., those obtained for the natural stands of Białowieża National Park). Low recruitment rates, as obtained for Kampinos stands, suggest that presently, in the local, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands, the general conditions for forest regeneration and for maintaining a long−term demographic stability are unfavorable. Most probably, the regeneration of this type of forest has an episodic, ‘wave−like’ character and corresponds to the ‘catastrophic’ model, according to which the successful regeneration of current dominants (especially Scots pine, silver and downy birch, black alder) must be preceded by a stand−initiating (stand−replacing) disturbance, leading to total or partial, but heavy, destruction of the currently existing stand. At the moment, it would be difficult to predict, however, if and when such a disturbance will affect the stands under investigation. Thus, we predict that in the nearest future at least, the state of overall demographic unbalance will continue or even increase.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 06; 443-453
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Distribution and ecology of the lichen Fellhanera gyrophorica in the Pojezierze Olsztynskie Lakeland and its status in Poland
Autorzy:
Kubiak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
distribution
ecology
lichen
Fellhanera gyrophorica
lichen status
Polska
Olsztyn Lakeland
locality
new locality
old-growth forest
crustose lichen
Opis:
The study presents recent data on the distribution of Fellhanera gyrophorica (Pilocarpaceae, Ascomycota) in Poland, a rare lichen with a crustose, usually sterile thallus. Both previous and new localities of the species are presented with data on its ecology and general distribution. Furthermore, this paper provides detailed results on floristic investigations of the species in the forest areas of the Pojezierze Olsztyńskie Lakeland (Northern Poland). Fertile specimens of F. gyrophorica have been observed in Poland for the second time and in the world – for the third time. Also, a new substrate for this species has been found: Acer platanoides. In addition, Carpinus betulus and Populus tremula were also found to be the species' substrates in Poland. Based on this study and previous reports, F. gyrophorica seems to be a relatively common species in north-eastern Poland.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2011, 80, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamika struktury przestrzennej drzewostanów naturalnych w oddziale 319 BPN – czy biogrupy drzew są powszechne i trwałe w nizinnym lesie naturalnym?
Autorzy:
Bolibok, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wskaznik Donnelly'ego
funkcja Ripleya
biogrupy
hodowla lasu
struktura przestrzenna
lesnictwo
drzewostany naturalne
spatial pattern
biogrups
old growth
ripley's k function
donnelly’s index
Opis:
Spatial distribution of trees in natural trees stands were investigated seven times in period between 1936 and 2001. The obtained results suggest that small tees are often clumped but when time goes on groups disintegrate and more spaced pattern emerge. Bigger and the biggest trees usually are randomly distributed but seldom the biggest trees are distributed evenly. Such dynamics prove the idea of competition as a factor shaping forest trees distribution and contradict idea of biogrups which assumes collaboration between trees in a clump.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2003, 147, 01; 12-23
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Występowanie i przemieszczanie się biegaczowatych na zrębie z pozostawionymi kępami starodrzewu
The distribution and movement of ground beetles on a cutting area with retained old-growth clumps
Autorzy:
Skłodowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gatunki nielesne
Puszcza Czluchowska
lesnictwo
bioindykacja
drzewostany sosnowe
kolonizacja
gatunki lesne
kepy drzew
bioindykatory
biegaczowate
wedrowki zwierzat
lownosc
zrab zupelny
Carabidae
cutting area
old−growth clumps
carabidae
movement
colonisation
semivariogram
Opis:
The colonisation and movement of ground beetles on a cutting area with two retained old−growth clumps of 4 and 7 are were investigated using the CMR method. The method enabled to evaluate the trapping level of small non−forest species. The paper discusses the use of old−growth clumps during the colonisation of the cutting area by big forest species and concurrent "avoidance" of these areas by small non−forest species. Stimulating role of the parallel and perpendicular ploughing furrows in the process of the colonisation the cutting area by forest and non−forest species as well as differences in their perception of site micro−differences were also analysed. The results confirmed assumed hypothesis in case of non−forest species (avoidance of clumps), forest species C. arcensis and non−forest species P. caerulescens and individuals from the genera Amara and Harpalus as far as the influence of furrows is concerned. Differences in the perception of the cutting area between forest and non−forest species were also proved.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2008, 152, 09; 31-43
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porosty – wskaźniki niżowych lasów puszczańskich w zespołach leśnych rezerwatu "Las Warmiński" (Nadleśnictwo Nowe Ramuki)
Lichens – indicators of lowland old-growth forests in forest communities of the "Las Warminski" nature reserve (Nowe Ramuki Forest District)
Autorzy:
Kubiak, D.
Sucharzewska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
rezerwaty przyrody
rezerwaty lesne
Nadlesnictwo Nowe Ramuki
rezerwat Las Warminski
lasy puszczanskie
porosty
Lichenes
gatunki wskaznikowe
wykaz gatunkow
liczba gatunkow
ochrona bioroznorodnosci
lichens
lichenized fungi
old−growth forest
indicator species
poland
Opis:
The paper presents the list of lichens – indicators of lowland old−growth forests in Poland recorded in the ‘Las Warmiński’ nature reserve (N Poland). The reserve covers an area of 1,798 ha and protects most of the natural forest communities typical for this part of the country. 30 recorded indicator species allows to classify the object to the nationally important forest lichen refugia.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 08; 627-636
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzenna zmienność struktury drzewostanu w wybranych lasach o charakterze pierwotnym w Karpatach Zachodnich i Górach Dynarskich
Spatial variation in stand structure of selected old-growth forests in the Western Carpathians and the Dinaric Mountains
Autorzy:
Paluch, J.
Bartkowicz, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy o charakterze pierwotnym
struktura drzewostanu
analiza porownawcza
Karpaty Zachodnie
rezerwat Oszast
rezerwat Perucica
Gory Dynarskie
leśnictwo
lasy góskie
pierśnicowe pole przekroju
zmienność przestrzenna
Beskid Żywiecki
rezerwat Żarnówka
old−growth forests
primeval forests
natural forest dynamics
structural heterogeneity
patch−mosaic
developmental stages
continuous cover forestry
Opis:
The research was conducted in three old−growth forests consisted of silver fir Abies alba Mill., European beech Fagus sylvatica L., and Norway spruce Picea abies Karst. located in the southern part of Poland (Żarnówka and Oszast) and the south−eastern Bosnia and Hercegovina (Perućica). The aim of the study was to compare basic stand characteristics and spatial heterogeneity in terms of variation in stand basal area and vertical structure. In each research area, small sample plots (0.015 ha) were localised in a regular 20×20 m grid covering approximately 10 ha. In each sample plot the diameter at breast height (d1.37 cm) and species of all live trees were recorded. For each plot the basal area of live trees and an index of structural diversification were determined. As a measure of structural diversification, the simple variance in tree height was computed and scaled through comparison with a hypothetical variance of the uniform distribution. The spatial patterns of basal area and structural diversification were tested with paired−plot approach. In addition, simulation techniques were used to model variation in the basal area of live trees dependent on spatial scale. The Carpathian and Dinaric stands considerably differed in basal area (ranging from 36.1 to 65.2 m2/ha) and volume (varying from 522 to 1176 m3/ha), but all of them had diameter distributions proximate to a negative exponential model. The basal area recorded on the 0.015 ha plots had a very similar pattern of variation, which could be generalised as a truncated normal distribution. The distribution of the structural diversification index was different and resembled an uniform (Perućica) or a bimodal distribution with modal values at its extremes (Oszast and Żarnówka). However, in the spatial scales above 1,000 m2 the index distri− bution become similar to a normal (Oszast) or a truncated normal (Perućica and Żarnówka) ones with high mean values, indicating the predominance of complex vertical structures. In general, the spatial variability in basal area and structural diversification of live trees tended to be random. These results suggest that the patch−mosaic assumption being fundamental for the developmental cycle hypothesis is inapplicable to the studied primeval forests. Regardless of differences in geographic location and site conditions, the studied stands show a similar spatial pattern of structural heterogeneity, suggesting a close resemblance of disturbance regimes driving its dynamics.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 02; 91-101
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wieloletnia dynamika starodrzewów w zagospodarowanej części Puszczy Białowieskiej: gatunki ekspansywne i ustępujące
Long-term dynamics of old-growth stands in the managed part of the Bialowieza Forest: increasing and declining tree species
Autorzy:
Drozdowski, S.
Brzeziecki, B.
Żybura, H.
Żybura, B.
Gawron, L.
Buraczyk, W.
Zajączkowski, J.
Bolibok, L.
Szeligowski, H.
Bielak, K.
Widawska, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Puszcza Bialowieska
starodrzew
dynamika drzewostanu
drzewa lesne
swierk
grab
jesion
olsza
dab
lipa
brzoza
klon
sosna
wiaz
zageszczenie drzew
piersnicowe pole przekroju
piersnice drzew
gatunki ekspansywne
gatunki ustepujace
stale powierzchnie obserwacyjne
badania dlugoterminowe
old−growth forest
permanent plot
long−term trend
population density
population dynamics
tree species
Opis:
In the paper, an assessment of tree population dynamics in the old−growth stands of the managed part of the Białowieża Forest is presented. Data from five permanent sample plots with a total size of 9.3 ha and six inventories that cover the period 1949−2006, were used. Depending on the dynamic status, determined on the basis of changes in a number of individuals per hectare, basal area and quadratic mean diameter, three major groups of tree species were distinguished: 1) an increasing group, containing only hornbeam and lime; 2) a stable group, involving alder and spruce and 3) a declining group consisting of oak, ash, maple, pine, birch, elm and aspen.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 09; 663-671
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demographics, Retirement Age, and Real Interest Rates in Poland
Autorzy:
Acedański, Jan
Włodarczyk, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
demographic transition
ageing
old-age dependency ratio
real interest rates
economic growth
Opis:
Changes in the size and the age structure of a population have a great impact on an economy, especially on national savings and capital flows. Poland’s population, although still relatively young when compared to other developed countries, is expected to experience accelerated ageing and decline in forthcoming decades. In this paper, we assess the effects of these processes for Polish economy. Using an open-economy OLG model with demographic shocks and a variable retirement age, we simulate dynamics of real interest rates, main macro aggregates as well as net foreign assets to GDP. We show that rapid ageing will reduce the interest rate gap between Poland and the developed countries by 1.3-2 p.p. We also document a strong positive relationship between interest rates and the retirement age and find that the decline in the interest rate in Poland is primarily driven by the surviving probability shock.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2018, 4; 355-385
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 22

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