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Tytuł:
Siting a centralised processing centre for artisanal and small-scale mining - a spatial multi-criteria approach
Autorzy:
Amoah, N.
Stemn, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
artisanal and small-scale mining
ASM
centralised processing centre
suitability analysis
multi-criteria evaluation
górnictwo tradycyjne i na małą skalę
analiza przydatności
ocena wielokryterialna
Opis:
Artisanal and small-scale mining is one of the global phenomena that is a threat to environmental health and safety. There are ambiguities in the manner in which an ore-processing facility operates. These ambiguities can cause environmental problems and hinder the mining capacity of these miners in Ghana. The vast majority of attempts to address these problems through the establishments of centralised processing centres have failed, with only a handful of successes. This research sought to use an established data-driven, geographic information based system to locate a centralised gold processing facility within the Wassa Amenfi-Prestea Mining Area in the Western region of Ghana. The study was designed to first determine the relevant factors that should be considered in the decision-making process for locating a centralised ore-processing facility. Secondly, it sought to implement the identified factors in a case study by identifying specific geospatial techniques that can best be applied to identify potential sites. By adopting in-depth consultations with four stakeholder groups for data collection and content analysis for data analysis, thirteen relevant factors were identified. However, in the case study, due to data unavailability, only seven of the factors were considered. Geoprocessing techniques including buffering and overlay analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis were employed to develop a model to identify the most preferred locations to site a centralised processing facility. Site characterisations and environmental considerations, incorporating identified constraints, to determine an appropriate location were selected. The final map output indicates estimated potential sites identified for the establishment of a centralised processing centre. The results obtained provide areas suitable for consideration.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2018, 17, 4; 215-225
2300-1364
2300-3960
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Mining
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multi-scale curvature tensor analysis of machined surfaces
Autorzy:
Bartkowiak, T.
Brown, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
curvature tensor
surface metrology
multi-scale geometric characterization
machining
tensor krzywizny
metrologia powierzchni
charakterystyka geometryczna
obróbka
Opis:
This paper demonstrates the use of multi-scale curvature analysis, an areal new surface characterization technique for better understanding topographies, for analyzing surfaces created by conventional machining and grinding. Curvature, like slope and area, changes with scale of observation, or calculation, on irregular surfaces, therefore it can be used for multi-scale geometric analysis. Curvatures on a surface should be indicative of topographically dependent behavior of a surface and curvatures are, in turn, influenced by the processing and use of the surface. Curvatures have not been well characterized previously. Curvature has been used for calculations in contact mechanics and for the evaluation of cutting edges. In the current work two parts were machined and then one of them was ground. The surface topographies were measured with a scanning laser confocal microscope. Plots of curvatures as a function of position and scale are presented, and the means and standard deviations of principal curvatures are plotted as a function of scale. Statistical analyses show the relations between curvature and these two manufacturing processes at multiple scales.
Źródło:
Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials; 2016, 36; 44-50
2450-9469
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multifrequency-based non-linear approach to analyzing implied volatility transmission across global financial markets
Autorzy:
Boateng, Ebenezer
Asafo-Adjei, Emmanuel
Gatsi, John Gartchie
Gherghina, Ştefan Cristian
Simionescu, Liliana Nicoleta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19322599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
shocks transmission
information flow
Rényi transfer entropy
multi-scale
market conditions
Opis:
Research background: The contagious impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened financial market's volatility, nonlinearity, asymmetric and nonstationary dynamics. Hence, the existing relationship among financial assets may have been altered. Moreover, the level of investor risk aversion and market opportunities could also alter in the pandemic. Predictably, investors in the heat of the moment are concerned about minimizing losses. In order to determine the level of hedge risks between implied volatilities in the COVID-19 pandemic through information flow, it is required to take into account the increased vagueness of economic projections as well as the increased uncertainty in asset values as a result of the pandemic. Purpose of the article: The study aims to examine the transmission of information between the VIX-implied volatility index for S&P 500 and fifteen other implied volatility indices in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We relied on daily changes in the VIX and fifteen other implied volatility indices from commodities, currencies, and stocks. The study employed the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise which is in line with the heterogeneous expectations of market participants to denoise the data and extract intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Subsequently, we clustered the IMFs based on common features into high, low, and medium frequencies. The analysis was carried out using Rényi transfer entropy (RTE), which allowed for the evaluation of both linear and non-linear, as well as varied distributions of the market dynamics. Findings & value added: Findings from the RTE revealed a bi-directional flow of negative information amid the VIX and each of the volatility indices, particularly in the long term. We found this behavior of the markets to be consistent at varying levels of investors' risk aversion. The findings help investors with their portfolio strategies in the time of the pandemic, which has resulted in fluctuating levels of risk aversion. Our findings characterize global financial markets to be "non-linear heterogeneous evolutionary systems". The results also lend support to the emerging delayed volatility of market competitiveness and external shocks hypothesis.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2022, 13, 3; 699-743
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Robust content-based image retrieval using ICCV, GLCM, and DWT-MSLBP descriptors
Autorzy:
Chavda, Sagar
Goyani, Mahesh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
content-based image retrieval
improved color coherence vector
gray-level co-occurrence matrix
discrete wavelet transform
multi-scale local binary pattern
principal component analysis
linear discriminant analysis
Opis:
Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) retrieves visually similar images from a dataset based on a specified query. A CBIR system measures the similarities between a query and the image contents in a dataset and ranks the dataset images. This work presents a novel framework for retrieving similar images based on color and texture features. We have computed color features with an improved color coherence vector (ICCV) and texture features with a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) along with DWT-MSLBP (which is derived from applying a modified multi-scale local binary pattern [MS-LBP] over a discrete wavelet transform [DWT], resulting in powerful textural features). The optimal features are computed with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The proposed work uses a variancebased approach for choosing the number of principal components/eigenvectors in PCA. PCA with a 99.99% variance preserves healthy features, and LDA selects robust ones from the set of features. The proposed method was tested on four benchmark datasets with Euclidean and city-block distances. The proposed method outshines all of the identified state-of-the-art literature methods.
Źródło:
Computer Science; 2022, 23 (1); 5--36
1508-2806
2300-7036
Pojawia się w:
Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of a boundary perforation on the Dirichlet energy
Autorzy:
Dambrine, M.
Vial, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
pochodna kształtu
pochodna topologiczna
singular shape perturbation
shape derivatives
topological derivatives
multi-scale asymptotic expansion
Opis:
We consider some singular perturbations of the boundary of a smooth domain. Such domain variations are not differentiable within the classical theory of shape calculus. We mimic the topological asymptotic and we derive an asymptotic expansion of the shape function in terms of a size parameter. The two-dimensional case of the Dirichlet energy is treated in detail. We give a full theoretical proof as well as a numerical confirmation of the results.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2005, 34, 1; 117-136
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of different failure approaches in knotty wood
Autorzy:
Guindos, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
knotty wood
wood
comparison
failure prediction
knot
wood defect
multi-scale modelling
average stress approach
Opis:
This article presents and assesses 64 different ways for predicting the failure onset in knotty wooden beams. The aim is to provide engineers and modellers a generalview of how to evaluate the failure in wooden structural members with knots.The studied criteria included both the conventional point-based and average stress theories. Special attention was paid to the effect of the elements of the woodmesostructure, i.e. knots and fiber deviation, which can generate singular stress concentrations as notches or cracks would do in fracture mechanics. The case study consisted of predicting the failure onset of bending in structural wooden beams.A previously validated finite element model was used in order to compute the heterogeneous stresses. It was found that the knots caused considerable stress singularities so that the size of the average stress theory influenced the failure predictions by up to 23%. However, the variations generated by distinct phenomenologicalcriteria were in general much smaller. The application of the average stress theory in large stress integration volumes is strongly recommended when predicting the failure in wood members.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 193
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of crack resistance in epoxy/boron nitride nanotube nanocomposites based on multi-scale methodInvestigation of crack resistance in epoxy/boron nitride nanotube nanocomposites based on multi-scale method
Autorzy:
Hemmatian, Hossein
Zamani, Mohammad Reza
Jam, Jafar Eskandari
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
boron nitride nanotube
epoxy
fracture modes
finite element model
multi-scale method
Opis:
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) possess superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties and are also suitable for biocomposites. These properties make them a favorable reinforcement for nanocomposites. Since experimental studies on nanocomposites are timeconsuming, costly, and require accurate implementation, finite element analysis is used for nanocomposite modeling. In this work, a representative volume element (RVE) of epoxy/BNNT nanocomposites based on multi-scale modeling is considered. The bonds of BNNT are modeled by 3D beam elements. Also non-linear spring elements are employed to simulate the van der Waals bonds between the nanotube and matrix based on the Lennard- -Jones potential. Young’s and shear modulus of BNNTs are in ranges of 1.039-1.041 TPa and 0.44-0.52 TPa, respectively. Three fracture modes (opening, shearing, and tearing) have been simulated and stress intensity factors have been determined for a pure matrix and nanocomposite by J integral. Numerical results indicate that by incorporation of BNNT in the epoxy matrix, stress intensity factors of three modes decrease. Also, by increasing the chirality of BNNT, crack resistance of shearing and tearing modes are enhanced, and stress intensity factor of opening mode reduced. BNNTs bridge the crack surface and prevent crack propagation.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2019, 57, 1; 207-219
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rapid NEGF-based calculation of ballistic current in ultra-short DG MOSFETs for circuit simulation
Autorzy:
Hosenfeld, F.
Horst, F..
Graef, M.
Farokhnejad, A.
Kloes, A.
Iniguez, B.
Lime, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
ultra-short Double-Gate MOSFET
nonequilibrium Green's function
NEGF
ballistic transport
source-to-drain tunneling
ultra-thin body
UTB
compact model
multi-scale simulation
nierównowagowe funkcje Greena
transport balistyczny
tunelowanie źródło-dren
model kompaktowy
symulacja wieloskalowa
Opis:
Shrinking gate length in conventional MOSFETs leads to increasing short channel effects like source-to-drain (SD) tunneling. Compact modeling designers are challenged to model these quantum mechanical effects. The complexity lies in the set-up between time efficiency, physical model relation and analytical equations. Multi-scale simulation bridges the gap between compact models, its fast and efficient calculation of the device terminal voltages, and numerical device models which consider the effects of nanoscale devices. These numerical models iterate between Poisson- and Schroedinger equation which significantly slows down the simulation performance. The physicsbased consideration of quantum effects like the SD tunneling makes the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) to a stateof-the-art method for the simulation of devices in the sub 10 nm region. This work introduces a semi-analytical NEGF model for ultra-short DG MOSFETs. Applying the closed-form potential solution of a classical compact model, the model turns the NEGF from an iterative numerical solution into a straightforward calculation. The applied mathematical approximations speed up the calculation time of the 1D NEGF. The model results for the ballistic channel current in DG-MOSFETs are compared with numerical NanoMOS TCAD [1] simulation data. Shown is the accurate potential calculation as well as the good agreement of the current characteristic for temperatures down to 75 K for channel lengths from 6 nm to 20 nm and channel thickness from 1.5 nm to 3 nm.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2016, 7, 2; 65-72
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detecting objects using Rolling Convolution and Recurrent Neural Network
Autorzy:
Huang, WenQing
Huang, MingZhu
Wang, YaMing
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multi-scale features
global context information
rolling convolution
recurrent neural network
Opis:
At present, most of the existing target detection algorithms use the method of region proposal to search for the target in the image. The most effective regional proposal method usually requires thousands of target prediction areas to achieve high recall rate.This lowers the detection efficiency. Even though recent region proposal network approach have yielded good results by using hundreds of proposals, it still faces the challenge when applied to small objects and precise locations. This is mainly because these approaches use coarse feature. Therefore, we propose a new method for extracting more efficient global features and multi-scale features to provide target detection performance. Given that feature maps under continuous convolution lose the resolution required to detect small objects when obtaining deeper semantic information; hence, we use rolling convolution (RC) to maintain the high resolution of low-level feature maps to explore objects in greater detail, even if there is no structure dedicated to combining the features of multiple convolutional layers. Furthermore, we use a recurrent neural network of multiple gated recurrent units (GRUs) at the top of the convolutional layer to highlight useful global context locations for assisting in the detection of objects. Through experiments in the benchmark data set, our proposed method achieved 78.2% mAP in PASCAL VOC 2007 and 72.3% mAP in PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset. It has been verified through many experiments that this method has reached a more advanced level of detection.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 2; 293-301
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multi-Scale Approach and “Playing Scales” in Economic Geography
Autorzy:
Jakobson, Anatol Jakovlevich
Blinov, Ivan Dmitriyevich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/438933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
multi-scale approach
multiscaleness
playing scales
regional policy
industry location
inter-regional competition
settlement
Opis:
The notions of multiscaleness and “playing scales” are considered for various spheres of economic geography: cartography, settlement geography, toponymics, ethno-historical geography, locating industrial production, touristic promotion, micro-regional (intra-urban) policy. The paper presents the idea of multiscaleness and “playing scales”, as well as the possibility of application of a multi- scale approach in economic geography.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2014, 27; 211-218
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The development of multi-scale data management for CityGML-based 3D buildings
Autorzy:
Karim, Hairi
Rahman, Alias Abdul
Azri, Suhaibah
Halim, Zurairah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
CityGML
Level of Details (LoD)
multi-scale
scale unique ID
cross-scale query
spatial scale data management
Opis:
The CityGML model is now the norm for smart city or digital twin city development for better planning, management, risk-related modelling and other applications. CityGML comes with five levels of detail (LoD), mainly constructed from point cloud measurements and images of several systems, resulting in a variety of accuracies and detailed models. The LoDs, also known as pre-defined multi-scale models, require large storage-memory-graphic consumption compared to single scale models. Furthermore, these multi-scales have redundancy in geometries, attributes, are costly in terms of time and workload in updating tasks, and are difficult to view in a single viewer. It is essential for data owners to engage with a suitable multi-scale spatial management solution in minimizes the drawbacks of the current implementation. The proper construction, control and management of multi-scale models are needed to encourage and expedite data sharing among data owners, agencies, stakeholders and public users for efficient information retrieval and analyses. This paper discusses the construction of the CityGML model with different LoDs using several datasets. A scale unique ID is introduced to connect all respective LoDs for cross-LoD information queries within a single viewer. The paper also highlights the benefits of intermediate outputs and limitations of the proposed solution, as well as suggestions for the future.
Źródło:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering; 2022, 16, 1; 71--94
1898-1135
Pojawia się w:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shape optimisation of a ventricular assist device using a VADFEM computer program
Autorzy:
Kopernik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
ventricular assist device
finite element method
optimisation
goal function
multi-scale modelling
metoda elementów skończonych
optymalizacja
komorowe wspomaganie pracy serca
Opis:
The Polish ventricular assist device, POLVAD_EXT, is made of a polymer designed to be covered with a nanocoating of titanium nitride to improve haemocompatibility. A loss of cohesion can occur between the coating and the substrate. An analysis of stress and strain states in a multi-scale model of the blood chamber was performed in the finite element computer program, VADFEM. The multiscale model is composed of a macro model of the blood chamber and a micro model of the titanium nitride (TiN) deposited on the polymer. The finite element method and the goal function, based on the triaxiality factor, are used to solve the problems formulated. The theories of non-linear elasticity and elasto-plasticity are applied. The goal of the paper is to optimise the construction of the POLVAD_EXT with respect to shape parameters.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2013, 15, 3; 81-87
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The key problems of local approach to cleavage fracture
Kluczowe zagadnienia w lokalnym ujęciu kruchego pękania
Autorzy:
Kotrechko, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
local approach to fracture
multi-scale model
local fracture stress
Opis:
Based on the suggested multi-scale model of Local Approach (LA) to fracture, four main problems of LA are considered, namely: (i) the effect of micro-stress fluctuations on the crack nuclei instability; (ii) intensity of micro-crack nucleation and its influence on fracture probability; (iii) theoretical and experimental assessment of the value of threshold stress; (iv) stochastic analysis of “multi-barrier” effect at micro-crack growth in polycrystalline metal.
W oparciu o zaproponowany wieloskalowy model lokalnego sformułowania procesu pękania (Local Approach – LA) wyróżniono cztery podstawowe problemy do rozważenia: (i) efekt fluktuacji makronaprężeń na niestabilność jądra pęknięcia, (ii) intensywność zawiązywania się mikropęknięcia i jego wpływ na prawdopodobieństwo powstania przełomu, (iii) teoretyczne i eksperymentalne oszacowanie wartości naprężenia krytycznego, (iv) stochastyczna analiza efektu „wieloprogowego” na wzrost mikropęknięcia w metalu polikrystalicznym.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2013, 51, 1; 75-89
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odrespiratorowe zapalenie płuc chorych leczonych w oddziale intensywnej terapii
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients treated in the intensive care unit
Autorzy:
Kubielas, Grzegorz
Uchmanowicz, Izabella
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2119984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-03
Wydawca:
Europejskie Centrum Kształcenia Podyplomowego
Tematy:
personel pielęgniarski
oddział intensywnej terapii
zakażenia szpitalne
odrespiratorowe zapalenie płuc
wentylacja mechaniczna
toaleta drzewa oskrzelowego
badania mikrobiologiczne
skala niewydolności wielonarządowej APACHE II
nursing staff
intensive care unit
nosocomial infections
ventilator-associated pneumonia
mechanical ventilation
bronchial tree toilet
microbiological examination
multi-organ failure scale APACHE II
Opis:
Wstęp. Pacjent hospitalizowany w oddziale intensywnej terapii (OIT) wymaga ciągłej i wzmożonej opieki realizowanej przez zespół pielęgniarski. Polega ona na zapewnieniu całościowej pielęgnacji, monitorowaniu i wspomaganiu funkcji życiowych, ale także regularnej toalety drzewa oskrzelowego. Jednak nadal obserwowana jest narastająca częstość zakażeń szpitalnych u chorych leczonych w OIT. Jest ona ściśle powiązana z zastosowaniem wysokospecjalistycznych, często inwazyjnych, metod, takich jak wentylacja mechaniczna. Jednym z zakażeń szpitalnych związanych z intubacją tchawicy i mechaniczną wentylacją jest odrespiratorowe zapalenie płuc (VAP). Cel pracy. Ocena porównawcza dwóch metod toalety drzewa oskrzelowego. Celem drugorzędnym jest poprawa jakości opieki pielęgniarskiej u chorych z VAP w OIT na podstawie analizy uzyskanych wyników. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto grupę 30 pacjentów Klinicznego Oddziału Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii (KOAIT) 4. Wojskowego Szpitala Klinicznego z Polikliniką we Wrocławiu. Wszyscy chorzy wymagali wentylacji mechanicznej co najmniej 72 godziny z powodu ostrej niewydolności oddechowej. Badaną grupę chorych podzielono ze względu na rodzaj zastosowanej techniki wykonania toalety drzewa oskrzelowego na: grupę I (n = 13) – odsysanie w systemie otwartym oraz grupę II (n = 17) – odsysanie w systemie zamkniętym. U wszystkich chorych pobrano wymaz z drzewa oskrzelowego metodą na ślepo (BBS), a uzyskany materiał przekazywano do laboratorium diagnostyki mikrobiologicznej. Ponadto analizowano dane demograficzne pacjentów oraz stan ogólny w skali APACHE II. Obserwację kończono w momencie zakończenia wentylacji mechanicznej i ekstubacji tchawicy lub z powodu zgonu chorego. Wyniki. Wśród przyczyn niewydolności oddechowej w badanej grupie pacjentów wykazano stan po nagłym zatrzymaniu krążenia (n = 10), uraz wielonarządowy (n = 8), uraz czaszkowo-mózgowy (n = 7) oraz inne (n = 5). Średni czas pobytu w OIT w grupie I wynosił 13 dni, a w grupie II – 11 dni. Liczba badań mikrobiologicznych wykonanych w grupie I wynosiła 70, a w grupie II – 78. Ujemny posiew w grupie I uzyskało 2 z 5 pacjentów do końca badań, a w grupie II było to 4 z 6 pacjentów. Najczęstszym typem drobnoustroju dla grupy I był Staphylococcus aureus dodatni w dobie 0 (n = 4), 3 (n = 4), 6 (n = 4) i 9 (n = 3) oraz Pseudomonas aeruginosa w dobie 12 (n = 2). Z kolei najczęstszym typem drobnoustroju dla grupy II był Acinetobacter baumani dodatni w dobie 0 (n = 5), 3 (n = 5), 6 (n = 5), 9 (n = 3) i 12 (n = 2). Badana grupa chorych nie różniła się istotnie w zakresie danych demograficznych (średni wiek 36 lat w grupie I oraz 42 lata w grupie II; rozkład płci to 9 mężczyzn i 4 kobiety w grupie I oraz 9 mężczyzn i 8 kobiet w grupie II) oraz w wyjściowym stanie klinicznym ocenianym w skali APACHE II (wynik 20 pkt. dla grupy I oraz 21 pkt. dla grupy II). Wnioski. Zastosowanie zamkniętego systemu ssącego pozwala na utrzymanie jałowości dolnych dróg oddechowych przez cały okres (12 dni) leczenia w OIT z użyciem respiratora, a system otwarty zapewnia jałowy posiew jedynie do 6. doby leczenia. Wiedza personelu pielęgniarskiego z zakresu pielęgnacji chorych wentylowanych mechanicznie jest ważnym elementem zapobiegania VAP. Zastosowanie metody pobierania materiału z dolnych dróg oddechowych w codziennej praktyce jest elementem właściwie prowadzonej strategii diagnostyki mikrobiologicznej z zaangażowaniem personelu pielęgniarskiego.
Background. The patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) requires continuous and intensified care performed by the nursing team. It consists in providing comprehensive care, monitoring and support of vital functions, as well as a regular toilet in the bronchial tree. However, the increasing incidence of nosocomial infections in patients treated in ICUs is still observed. It is closely related to the use of highly specialized, often invasive methods, such as mechanical ventilation. One of the nosocomial infections associated with tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation is ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Objectives. The main aim of the study was to compare of the assessment of two methods of the bronchial tree toilet. The secondary aim is to improve the quality of nursing care in patients with VAP in the ICU based on the analysis of the obtained results. Material and methods. The study involved a group of 30 patients of the Clinical Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy at the 4th Military Clinical Hospital with the Polyclinic in Wroclaw. All patients required mechanical ventilation for at least 72 hours due to acute respiratory failure. The studied group of patients was divided according to the type of technique used to provide the toilet of the bronchial tree: group I (n = 13) – suction in the open system and group II (n = 17) – suction in a closed system. In all patients a bronchial swab was collected with the blind bronchial sampling (BBS) method and the obtained material was transferred to the microbiological diagnostic laboratory. In addition, patient demographics and the general state of the APACHE II scale were analyzed. Observation was terminated at the end of mechanical ventilation and extubation of the trachea or due to death of the patient. Results. Among the causes of respiratory failure in the examined group of patients, the state after sudden cardiac arrest was found (n = 10), multi-organ trauma (n = 8), craniocerebral trauma (n = 7) and others (n = 5). The average length of ICU stay in group I was 13 days, and in group II – 11 days. The number of microbiological tests performed in group I was 70, and in group II – 78. The negative microbiological test in group I was obtained by 2 out of 5 patients until the end of the study, and in group II it was 4 out of 6 patients. The most common type of microorganism for group I was Staphylococcus aureus positive on the day 0 (n = 4), 3 (n = 4), 6 (n = 4) and 9 (n = 3) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the day 12 (n = 2) . In turn, the most common type of microorganism for group II was Acinetobacter baumani positive at 0 (n = 5), 3 (n = 5), 6 (n = 5), 9 (n = 3) and 12 (n = 2). The studied group of patients did not differ significantly in terms of demographic data (mean age 36 years in group I and 42 in group II, sex distribution is 9 men and 4 women in group I and 9 men and 8 women in group II) and in the starting a clinical condition assessed on the APACHE II scale (score 20 points for group I and 21 points for group II). Conclusions. The use of a closed suction system allows the maintenance of sterility of the lower respiratory tract for the entire period (12 days) of ICU treatment with the use of a respirator, and the open system ensures sterile culture only until the 6th day of treatment. The knowledge of nursing staff in the care of mechanically ventilated patients is an important element of VAP prevention. The application of the method of collecting material from the lower respiratory tract in everyday practice is an element of properly conducted strategy of microbiological diagnostics with the involvement of nursing staff.
Źródło:
Współczesne Pielęgniarstwo i Ochrona Zdrowia; 2018, 7, 4; 83-88
2084-4212
Pojawia się w:
Współczesne Pielęgniarstwo i Ochrona Zdrowia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of the microstructure and properties in the length scales varying from nano- to macroscopic
Autorzy:
Kurzydłowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multi length scale modelling
grain boundaries
nanomaterials
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to show the recent progress in multi length scale modelling of the engineering materials. This progress is demonstrated using a series of examples addressing, in particular, the role of effect of the grain boundaries in shaping properties of nano-polycrystalline metals.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2010, 58, 2; 217-226
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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