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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affi rmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    warning
    reinforced self-affirmation
    eyewitness testimony
    reducing misinformation effect
    Opis:
    In a typical experiment on the misinformation effect, subjects fi rst watch some event, afterwards read a description of it which in the experimental group includes some incorrect details, and answer questions relating to the original event. Typically, subjects in the misled experimental group report more false details than those from the control group. The main purpose of the presented study was to compare two methods of reducing the misinformation effect, namely – warning against misinformation and reinforced self-affi rmation. The reinforced self-affi rmation consists of two elements: the participants recall their greatest achievements of life, and are being given a positive feedback about their performance in a memory task. The obtained results showed that the reinforced self-affi rmation was more effective than warning, although the latter also caused a significant reduction of the vulnerability to misinformation.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 1; 85-91
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Can placebo administered in the guise of caffeine reduce the misinformation effect?
    Autorzy:
    Nastaj, Jakub
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Bąbel, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    memory
    misinformation effect
    placebo
    suggestion
    Opis:
    Research suggests that placebo can reduce the misinformation effect. We aimed to examine for the first time whether placebo administered in the guise of caffeine can reduce the misinformation effect. One hundred and twenty-three healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups in a 2 Placebo (Present, Not Present) × 2 Narrative (Misleading, Correct) study design. Participants from placebo groups drank 100 ml of placebo solution. They were told that it was water mixed with caffeine which could positively influence their memory. After three minutes, they watched a short movie clip as an original event and read a narrative with misleading details or correct details as a postevent information; they then completed a 22 -item, two -alternative forced -choice questionnaire. The results reveal that the misinformation effect occurred. Although participants in the placebo with misinformation group scored better than participants who did not drink placebo and read the narrative containing misleading details, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, it is concluded that placebo might not be enough to reduce the misinformation effect when it is administered in the guise of caffeine.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2019, 50, 2; 167-173
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of time delay in memory conformity
    Autorzy:
    Krogulska, Aleksandra
    Niedźwieńska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127822.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-04-05
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    memory conformity
    misinformation effect
    social influence
    Opis:
    Memory conformity occurs when one person’s memory report influences another person’s subsequent report concerning the same event. In the study, we tested whether an increase in the time between a discussion of the event and its recall would be accompanied by an increase in the number of errors suggesting memory conformity. It turned out that their number was comparable, both a few minutes and a week after the conversation. In both cases, this effect was due to memory mechanisms.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2016, 19, 1; 149-157
    1507-7888
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Psychologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    THE MISINFORMATION EFFECT IN FINANCIAL MARKETS – AN EMERGING ISSUE IN BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE
    Autorzy:
    Polak, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599535.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
    Tematy:
    behavioural finance
    stock market psychology
    misinformation effect
    Opis:
    The following paper is a theoretical introduction of the misinformation effect to behavioural finance. The misinformation effect causes a memory report regarding an event or particular knowledge to become contaminated with misleading information from another source. The paper aims to describe possible impact of the aforementioned phenomenon on the interpretation of stock market data, as well as the consequences of misinformation on investment-related decisions and the effective market hypothesis.
    Źródło:
    Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2012, 8, 3; 55-61
    1734-039X
    Pojawia się w:
    Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The “memory” misinformation effect may not be caused by memory failures: Exploring memory states of misinformed subjects
    Autorzy:
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128274.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    memory
    misinformation effect
    social influence
    compliance
    conformity
    Opis:
    In experiments concerning the misinformation effect, participants first watch some original material, e.g. a video clip, and read a description that in the experimental group contains information inconsistent with the video clip. Afterwards, all participants answer questions about the video. Typically, the misled group more often reports erroneous misleading information than the non-misled one.Theoretical explanations of this effect are usually formulated in terms of the cognitive theories of memory. This article presents three experiments that demonstrate that the misinformation effect can occur even if the memory of the original and postevent materials is correct. In the experiments, after watching a video clip, reading a narrative about it, and answering questions about the video, the participants were debriefed and required to indicate questions in which they noticed differences between the video and the narrative, as well as provide answers about the original and postevent materials. A substantial number of the participants yielded to the misinformation effect in the memory test even though they had correct memory about the original (and postevent) materials. The discussion emphasizes the need of the social influence framework to explain these results. Key message: the misinformation effect is important for applied forensic eyewitness psychology. To get a better understanding of this effect, there is a need to study it not only in terms of the cognitive psychology of memory, but also from the perspective of social psychology, because in many cases witnesses give wrong answers even when remembering the correct information.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 3; 388-400
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anxious and distrustful – How do state anxiety and memory distrust influence the misinformation effect?
    Autorzy:
    Kuczek, Marta
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129905.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    memory
    anxiety
    memory distrust
    witness testimony
    Opis:
    The misinformation effect is influenced by many mnestic and non-mnestic factors. This article concerns the role of two of them: 1) state anxiety, defined as a situational experience of anxiety; 2) memory distrust, understood as a constant tendency to negatively evaluate one's memory. Both factors are relevant in the situation of being a witness and are believed to have a negative effect on the magnitude of the misinformation effect. In the present research, participants’ state anxiety had an immunizing effect against misinformation. As for memory distrust, no relationship was found between negative evaluation of memory and susceptibility to misinformation. The results confirm the beneficial effect of anxiety on resisting misinformation and demonstrate a greater need for further explorations concerning memory distrust.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2021, 52, 4; 341-348
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reinforced self-affirmation and reinforced failure reduce susceptibility to misinformation
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Dukała, Karolina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128367.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-04-04
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    reinforced self-affirmation
    reinforced failure
    eyewitness testimony
    memory
    Opis:
    The main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of reinforced self-affirmation and reinforced failure on the memory misinformation effect. The misinformation effect consists in the witness including some incorrect details into their testimony, stemming from sources other than the original event. In the reinforced self-affirmation procedure, participants first recall their greatest achievements in life and are afterwards given a memory task with positive feedback about their performance on it. In a series of previous experiments, reinforced self-affirmation proved to reduce vulnerability to misinformation. The same result was obtained in the present study. Reinforced failure is a procedure not studied before, consisting in the participants recalling their greatest failures in life, connected with negative feedback about performance on a memory task. It was hypothesized that reinforced failure would increase vulnerability to misinformation. The results pointed to the opposite tendency – participants in the reinforced failure group performed better than those in the misled control group. The reduction in susceptibility to misinformation was greater in the reinforced self-affirmation group than in the reinforced failure one. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility of constructing a method of immunizing people to the misinformation effect available in practice for a wide community of professionals dealing with interrogations.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2013, 16, 2; 249-261
    1507-7888
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Psychologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sugestialność dziecięca – przegląd badań nad efektem dezinformacji u dzieci
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/637143.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    eyewitness testimony
    memory
    misinformation effect
    suggestibility
    efekt dezinformacji
    pamięć
    sugestialność
    zeznania świadków
    Opis:
    Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. Jego podstawowym celem jest zaprezentowanie zagadnienia sugestialności dziecięcej. Po zdefiniowaniu pojęcia sugestialności i efektu dezinformacji przedstawiono pokrótce historię badań nad sugestialnością dziecięcą. Zaprezentowano także wyniki najistotniejszych badań nad efektem dezinformacji u dzieci oraz korelaty sugestialności dziecięcej. Zwrócono także uwagę na możliwości dziecka w zakresie trafnego zeznawania na temat danej sprawy i konieczność optymalizowania warunków jego przesłuchiwania.
    The main aim of this review article was to present the issue of children’s suggestibility. Firstly, the definition of suggestibility and misinformation was discussed. Secondly, the history of children’s suggestibility research was briefly reviewed. The most significant experimental outcomes, concerning, among others, children’s susceptibility to leading questions, children’s susceptibility to misinformation, and individual differences in children’s suggestibility were presented as well. It was also argued that a child as a witness might be accurate, so the interviewer ought to optimize the conditions during an interrogation.
    Źródło:
    Psychologia Rozwojowa; 2011, 16, 4; 47-53
    1895-6297
    2084-3879
    Pojawia się w:
    Psychologia Rozwojowa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to susceptibility to misinformation
    Autorzy:
    Sadowski, Szymon Kamil
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high sensitivity
    sensory processing sensitivity
    personality trait
    misinformation effect
    suggestibility
    eyewitness testimony
    Opis:
    Sensory processing sensitivity is a relatively new theoretical construct. Its main components include deeper processing of stimuli as well as a stronger response to environmental impacts, both positive and negative. The effect of misinformation, which involves the inclusion of misinformation in the witness's memory reports, can be modified by varied factors, including personality characteristics. To the knowledge of the authors, no such research has been conducted so far and thereby the aim of the following study was to examine the relationship between the sensory processing sensitivity and susceptibility to the misinformation effect. Group studies were carried out according to the three-stage scheme of investigating the misinformation effect. After the original material was presented, the participants were exposed to a post-event material, containing the misinformation in the experimental group. Then the memory of the original material was tested. A strong misinformation effect was shown. Highly sensitive people, achieving the highest results in the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, were more resistant to the misinformation effect.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2022, 53, 2; 79-87
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dowód z zeznań świadka naocznego a efekt dezinformacji w polskiej procedurze karnej. Perspektywa prawno‒psychologiczna
    Evidence from eyewitness testimony and misinformation effect in polish penal procedure. Legal and psychological perspective
    Autorzy:
    Przykaza, Marcelina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055705.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-04-20
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
    Tematy:
    polska procedura karna
    zeznania świadków
    efekt dezinformacji
    świadek naoczny
    Polish penal procedure
    eyewitness testimony
    misinformation effect
    eyewitness
    Opis:
    Artykuł ma na celu przeanalizowanie regulacji dotyczących dowodu z przesłuchiwania świadków w polskim prawie postępowania karnego z perspektywy wiedzy psychologicznej z zakresu psychologii zeznań świadków. Autorka skupiła się głównie na zjawisku efektu dezinformacji, który podczas procedury przesłuchiwania świadków ma niezwykle wysokie prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia i przynoszą negatywne skutki dla efektywności wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Opracowanie ma charakter interdyscyplinarny z pogranicza prawa i psychologii. Jego celem jest holistyczne przedstawienie zagadnienia i wykorzystania psychologii jako nauki pomocniczej prawu.
    The purpose of the article is to analyse the regulations concerning evidence retrieved from interrogating witnesses in Polish penal procedure from the perspective of psychological knowledge in the field of psychology of witness testimony. The author focused mainly on the misinformation effect, which, during the examination of witnesses, has an extremely high probability of occurrence as well as negative effects regarding the judiciary’s effectiveness. It is an interdisciplinary article on the border of law and psychology, which aims to holistically present the issue and use psychology as an auxiliary science to law.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2021, 4, XXI; 103-115
    1644-9126
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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