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Tytuł:
Microemulsion as a means of NOx reduction in exhaust emission of diesel engines
Autorzy:
Jankowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247510.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engines
engine emissions
internal combustion engine fuels
microemulsions
Opis:
Currently produced internal combustion engines used in transportation, must meet very stringent legislative requirements EURO VI, for the limited emissions of exhaust gases: CO, HC, NOx, PM, PN. One of the most toxic components and the most difficult to eliminate are nitrogen oxides NOx, which currently permissible amount in the exhaust gases shall be 80 mg/km. This result must be achieved, moreover, with the fulfilment of the limits for other exhaust components, and above all, the contents of particulate matter (PM, PN). It should be pointed out, that the mechanisms of the NOx and PM formation are opposed to each other; reduction of the NOx amount is generally associated with an increase in PM and vice versa. Therefore, issues of lowering the amount of NOx in the exhaust gases devote a lot of scientific work and engine research. Currently the most effective method of reducing the NOx is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which requires the additional installation of sophisticated equipment in the vehicle. Therefore, methods easier to implement and to operate are sought. One such method is the use of a microemulsion to supply as fuel to diesel engines, consisting of an emulsion of diesel oil, water and surfactant (surface-active compound). The use of the microemulsion results in that already in combustion chamber forms less of NOx, and therefore reduction of NOx in the exhaust system is easier. The publication presents results of SB 3.1 engine research on the engine test bench. The research was comparative in nature and thus, in the first stage of research conducted, the engine was fuelled with diesel oil, then the area of engine load and engine speed characteristics, in which the NOx emissions are greatest, was determined, and next, when engine was fuelled with various microemulsions, the engine investigation was conducted in this area. The microemulsions of diesel fuel and water comprise 10%, 20% and 30% water, selectively. The results of investigations show that, when the engine is fuelled with microemulsions, both NOx and PM, as the main component of diesel engine exhaust - soot (smoke) can be reduced at the same time. The article also discusses the differences between emulsions and microemulsions, and how they influence the combustion in the engine combustion chambers.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 225-232
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Anomalies in combustion of hydrogen in a SI engine modified to work as a supercharged one
Autorzy:
Szwaja, S.
Cupiał, K.
Grab-Rogaliński, K.,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion
hydrogen
internal combustion engine
supercharging
Opis:
The paper describes combustion anomalies of various types randomly or permanently occurring while hydrogen is burnt in a supercharged spark ignited reciprocating engine. The anomalies were mainly identified as result of combustion pressure data analysis. Originally, the engine was a compression ignition one fuelled with diesel fuel. Modifications done on the engine dealt with decrease in its geometric compression ratio and equipping it with a spark plug located in diesel fuel injector position. The anomalies presented in the paper are typically associated with several abnormal phenomena as follows: flame propagation into intake manifold called back-fire, hydrogen spontaneous ignition by hot surface, flame propagation during valves overlap and extinguishing spark discharge flame kernel by high turbulence around a spark plug. These anomalies were observed in the supercharged engine, however, some of them were also detected while the engine was operated as a freely aspirated one. As investigated, some of these malfunctions would have been removed by change in engine operating parameters. Others need major changes in both exhaust pipeline geometry, hydrogen injection system, engine cylinder geometry and valve timing.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 437-442
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of the aircraft power plants - challenges
Autorzy:
Szczeciński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242001.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
combustion engines
internal combustion aircraft engine
Opis:
On the background of a current level of the aircraft power plants modernities presented here is the trial settlement of the possible directions of their further development - resultant from the current and future economic, military, sports needs. The general direction of development of all types of aeronautical propulsion systems, and also of these produced a long time ago and exploited for many years, is their permanent " upgrade" in the new equipment and of methodic of the current technical state checking for the purpose of the indispensable flights safety assurance, the prolongation of the failure-free exploitation time - but also the maintenance of the economic concurrency requirements. Recently, a categorical form receives the requirement of the noise limitation of aviation power plants and the limitation for emission of toxic elements in exhaust. In the piston engines, the direction of developments are aimed on the design of compression ignition engines, fuelled with standardized aircraft jet fuel. Their additional valour is their smaller fuel expenditure, about 30% less with respect to their spark ignition equivalents. Particularly important is the task of decrease the quantities of fuel used up, the limitation of number of produced engines through raising their efficiency and durability, limitation of noisiness of engines alone and driven: propellers, ventilators and the lifting rotors of helicopters, the limitation of thrust, required to the flight of the airplanes and the helicopters. One turned attention on ecological requirements, which force the application of mineral fuels completed by biofuels.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 545-555
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interpretacja poznawcza metody Monte Carlo w zastosowaniach technicznych
The cognitive interpretation of the Monte Carlo method for the technical applications
Autorzy:
Chłopek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/301693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
metoda Monte Carlo
silnik spalinowy
test
Monte Carlo method
internal combustion engines
internal combustion engine tests
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono poglądy na temat poznawczej interpretacji metody Monte Carlo. We wstępie zamieszczono informacje na temat zastosowania doświadczeń przypadkowych do poznania rzeczywistości od Starożytności do czasów współczesnych. Główna teza pracy dotyczy zastosowania metody Monte Carlo do poznawania przyczynowych i przypadkowych właściwości doświadczanej rzeczywistości. Przedstawiono przykład wykorzystania metody Monte Carlo w symulacji testu dynamicznego do badania silników spalinowych testem statycznym.
The paper presents views on the cognitive interpretation of the Monte Carlo method. The introduction contains information on the application of a random occurencies to get to know the reality, starting from antiquity till the present day. The main argument of the paper concerns the use of the Monte Carlo method to learn the causal and random properties of the reality being experienced. The examples have been presented of the use of the Monte Carlo method in the dynamic test simulation to examine internal combustion engines with the static test.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2009, 3; 38-46
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda diagnozowania silników spalinowych w warunkach trakcyjnych
Method for diagnosing internal combustion engines under traction conditions
Autorzy:
Kupicz, W.
Niziński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/348353.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
silnik spalinowy
diagnozowanie silników spalinowych
metody diagnostyczne
internal combustion engines
diagnosing internal combustion engines
diagnostic methods
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono nową metodę diagnozowania silnika spalinowego o ZS w warunkach trakcyjnych. Istota polega na wyznaczeniu momentu obrotowego silnika na podstawie rejestracji przyspieszenia w warunkach drogowych. Omówiono wyniki obszernych wstępnych i zasadniczych badań eksperymentalnych. Opracowano trzy warianty modelu diagnostycznego silnika spalinowego, z wykorzystaniem trójwartościowej oceny stanów. Zaproponowano algorytmy kontroli stanu i lokalizacji uszkodzeń silnika. Zweryfikowano nową metodę w warunkach trakcyjnych. Prawdopodobieństwo poprawnej diagnozy silnika spalinowego wynosi 0,85 ÷ 1.
The paper presents a new method for diagnosing an internal combustion engine with compression ignition under traction conditions. The gist lies in determining the engine torque on the basis of acceleration recording in traffic conditions. The results of extensive preliminary and basic experimental studies have been discussed. Three options have been developed of the internal combustion engine diagnostic model, using the trivalent assessment of states. State control and engine damage localization algorithms have been proposed. The new method has been examined under traction conditions. The probability of the internal combustion engine correct diagnosis ranges between 0.85÷1.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2011, 1; 155-167
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Statistical approach to characterize combustion knock in the hydrogen fuelled SI engine
Autorzy:
Naber, J. D
Szwaja, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246456.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engines
combustion knock
hydrogen
statistical distribution
Opis:
Combustion knock in a hydrogen fuelled engine has many different characteristic as compared to knock occurring in the gasoline engine. This is a result of differences in the gasoline and hydrogen combustion mechanisms which lead to knock. Hydrogen as the engine fuel is able to produce combustion knock of significant intensity. This intensity can be determined by measurements, which have been successfully applied for examining knock generated by the gasoline fuelled engine. This paper describes the engine test bed, in-cylinder pressure traces and methods for determining knock intensity. Further, the statistical approach for characterizing combustion knock is also presented. It concentrates on applications of several probability distributions for expressing individual knock intensity metrics of hydrogen port fuelled spark ignited engine. It is assumed that knock metrics for engine working cycles are considered as random variables. The knock metrics are based on the fluctuation component of the in-cylinder pressure traces sampled at 100 khz and are calculated for 300 consecutive engine working cycles. It was noticed that the knock metrics distribution profile changes as the knock intensity varies from light to heavy knock. In the paper, modelling of this knock distribution profile using several known stochastic distributions is also presented. Finally, usefulness of statistical distributions for characterizing combustion knock is shown.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 443-450
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Applications of NRTC Cycle to Determine a Different Fuel Consumption and Harmful Emissions Caused by Changes of Engines Technical Conditions
Autorzy:
Hromádko, J.
Hönig, V.
Miler, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/301864.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
fuel consumption
harmful emissions
Opis:
The main topic of the paper is to determine different fuel consumption and harmful emissions caused by engine's changes of technical conditions. The change of technical condition of combustion engine at any working point of engine proves different change of fuel consumption and production of harmful emissions. Therefore it is necessary to compare two technical conditions to determine the same engine load. For this purpose the special simulation programme of engine load in Non-Road Transient Cycle (NRTC) was created.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2008, 4; 63-65
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Fourier transform as a new approach of evaluating the internal combustion engine indicator diagram
Autorzy:
Łoza, Ł.
Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
indicator diagram
Fourier transform
internal combustion engine
Opis:
In this paper, the authors present an introduction to the new method of evaluating the indicator diagram of internal combustion engine. For several years, it was observed that analyses of combustion processes have been hardly changed since they were conducted for the first time. At the moment, the diagrams are plotted more and more precisely owing to the new sensors and digital processors. Despite all of these high technical advantages, which were obviously unavailable in the past, theoretical approach for describing indicator diagram has not changed in significant way. Nowadays, the indicator diagrams are still evaluated very generally and are presented in much too idealistic way as a smooth curve of pressure changes, without any disturbances, which are being detected very easily now. Furthermore, it appears that performance improvements of the IC engines are in need of developing new methods for analysis and evaluation. The Fourier transform is a new way to look at the combustion process in the engines. It is basically a mathematical instrument for analysing different types of signals, which are transformed, from time domain into frequency domain. It enables identifying specific sinusoidal components of arbitrary signals and separates relevant ones from the noise. This allows one to see significant differences in two or more apparently similar signals and detect the crucial parts. If we treat pressure changes in time like a common signal, we can compute Fourier transform and see basic components of the diagram.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 4; 173-180
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostics of turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Part II Dynamic measurements
Autorzy:
Korczewski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
diagnostic
internal combustion engine
exhaust gas temperature
Opis:
The second part of the article describes the technology of marine engine diagnostics making use of dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. Little-known achievements of Prof. S. Rutkowski of the Naval College in Gdynia (now: Polish Naval Academy) in this area are presented. A novel approach is proposed which consists in the use of the measured exhaust gas temperature dynamics for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the enthalpy flux of successive pressure pulses of the exhaust gas supplying the marine engine turbocompressor. General design assumptions are presented for the measuring and diagnostic system which makes use of a sheathed thermocouple installed in the engine exhaust gas manifold. The corrected thermal inertia of the thermocouple enables to reproduce a real timehistory of exhaust gas temperature changes.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 1; 68-76
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostics of turbocharged marine internal combustion engines Part I standard measurements
Autorzy:
Korczewski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259776.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
diagnostic
internal combustion engine
exhaust gas temperature
Opis:
The article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard online measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. A proposal is made to extend the parametric methods of diagnosing workspaces in turbocharged marine engines by analysing time-histories of enthalpy changes of the exhaust gas flowing to the turbocompressor turbine. Such a time-history can be worked out based on dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature, performed using a specially designed sheathed thermocouple. The first part of the article discusses possibilities to perform diagnostic inference about technical condition of a marine engine with pulse turbocharging system based on standard measurements of exhaust gas temperature in characteristic control cross-sections of its thermal and flow system. Selected metrological issues of online exhaust gas temperature measurements in those engines are discusses in detail, with special attention being focused on the observed disturbances and thermodynamic interpretation of the recorded measuring signal. Diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust gas temperature measurements performed in steady-state conditions of engine operation is analysed in the context of possible evaluations of technical condition of the engine workspaces, the injection system, and the fuel delivery process.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 1; 47-54
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of combustion chamber with a rotating detonation
Autorzy:
Łukasik, B.
Rowiński, A.
Irzycki, A.
Snopkiewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
turbine engines
combustion chamber
rotating detonation
Opis:
Institute of Aviation in Warsaw realizes the project concerning the application of the phenomenon of combustion with rotating detonation to the combustion chamber designed and destined for turbine engines. The test chamber is adapted for supplying both with liquid (aviation kerosene) and gaseous fuels in the form of mixture with compressed air. It is equipped with a probe for pressure and temperature measurements inside the flame tube as well as at its inlet and outlet sections. The measuring system allows measurement of physical phenomenon at low (1 kHz) and high (1 MHz) frequencies. Electric signals representing temperature and pressure sensor's measuring quantities, fuel and compressed air supply systems parameters and ignition-triggering values are collected using data acquisition system controlled by a computer. The prototype of the combustion chamber was examined at the especially designed test facility to determine at quasi-static operating conditions its following characteristics: speed of inside shock wave, exhaust gas thermodynamic parameters and ignition and going-out limits of gaseous fuel. In this article construction of test bench, schematic diagrams of measurement and power supply systems as well as the research process, the way of measurement data analysis recorded during the carried-out experiments and data validation manner are detailed described. The method of measurement data processing, the resulting graphs, and the conclusions of the study are presented as well.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 313-320
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing of initiation of rotating detonation process in hydrogen - air mixtures
Autorzy:
Balicki, W.
Irzycki, A.
Łukasik, B.
Snopkiewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
turbine engines
combustion chamber
rotating detonation
Opis:
The paper presents results of some research work done in the project, which aims to apply of an innovative combustion chamber to the turbine engine. Expected benefits of using of a new chamber in which classical deflagration type combustion process would be replaced with a detonation combustion type, arise from greater efficiency of FickettJacobs cycle, which corresponds to rotating detonation combustion, in comparison to "classical" Brayton cycle, characteristic of deflagration combustion. The presented task concerned fundamental research carried out on test bench designed and built at the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw. To initiate the detonation combustion in the fuel-air mixtures the ignition device of appropriately high energy is necessary. The released energy should be directed to the area where the mixture has proper constitution - preferably close to stoichiometric one. Four different ignition manners were examined in the course of research: electrical ignition system adapted from turbine engine (semiconductor spark plug), powder charge ignition (handgun cartridges), detonation primer ignition using pentryt, and high voltage discharge (plasma jet). The appearance of detonation type combustion was identified on the basis of combustion gas pressure run, measured using piezoelectric sensors at a frequency of 1 MHz.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 25-34
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utilisation of the Coherence Analysis in Acoustic Diagnostics of Internal Combustion Engines
Autorzy:
Dąbrowski, Z.
Dziurdź, J.
Górnicka, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
acoustic diagnostics
internal combustion engines
mechanical defects
Opis:
The leading thought of the present text is that the internal combustion engine noise – regardless of all possible inconveniences – is a good information carrier that allows for the explicit diagnostics of such subtle defect as the valve face decrement which is so small that it is in practice ‘unnoticeable’ by the standard diagnostic-controlling system of a passenger car. However, such defect at its further propagation can be much more dangerous. Thus, diagnosing its initial state is worth trying. This study is a continuation of investigations where efforts were undertaken to perform the efficient diagnostics on the bases of observations and analyses of mechanical vibrations of the engine head.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 3; 475-481
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The stress analysis of high loaded diesel engine piston
Autorzy:
Cupiał, K.
Sobiepański, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
pistons
internal combustion engines
numerical analysis
stresses
Opis:
Modern diesel engines reach high power out put per volume unit. This is the main reason, why modern passenger cars and other medium size vehicles are powered by those engines. It is very important to keep reliability, characteristic for past generations of diesel engines. It is a difficult task, because of higher thermal loading of engine parts, especially pistons. Typical fuel injection systems are now, almost all, high pressure, common-rail systems. Modern common-rail injectors are situated centrally between valves, and are manufactured as minimum six nozzle injectors. Combustion chamber is made in piston crown. This is the highest thermal loaded part of whole engine. Injected fuel starts to burn when piston is near to TDC position. Flame acts piston surfaces, what can be proven by inspection of piston with help of endoscope, or after removing engine head. The thermal load of piston crown is not uniform, due to not uniform conditions of heat transfer at piston crown surface. Part of piston crown reaches higher temperature due to direct flame acting. Authors present results of numerical simulations, which were done to check how stresses in piston depend on injector position and temperature distribution in piston materiał. The results of calculations indicate, that injector should not to be situated randomly. If nozzles of injector are situated in such way, that burningfuel sprays acts piston in the piston pin plane, stresses in hub of piston pin and piston crown increase significantly. That can decrease reliability of engine due to piston failure. Authors indicate, that thermal load is the most dangerous for piston of modern, common-rail diesel engines. Load caused by mass forces and pressure are less important when temperature of some regions of piston is above 320°C.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 109-116
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparing the resistance to motion of pistons coated with a layer of nanotubes with standard pistons
Autorzy:
Iskra, A.
Babiak, M.
Kałużny, J.
Giersig, M.
Kempa, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction in internal combustion engine
nanotubes layers
Opis:
The paper presents preliminary results of testing the resistance to motion of pistons coated with a layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A significant part of this paper was devoted to the problems of putting a layer of nanotubes on the surface of an aluminum alloy. Obtaining a layer of nanotubes of a very narrow margin of tolerance was a difficult technological problem to overcome. A standard process of growing a layer of nanotubes leads to a corrosion damage of the side surface of pistons; therefore, new technologies were developed allowing for obtaining a permanent layer of nanotubes less than 5 microns thick. Pistons whose side surfaces were coated with a layer of nanotubes were mounted to an engine with an external drive, and then measurements of the moment of momentary resistance to motion were performed, which enables capturing these phases of the engine work cycles in which the layer of nanotubes gives the best results. At present, long-term research is being carried out in order to determine the degree of the risk of exfoliation of the layer of nanotubes under the conditions of large mechanical and thermal loads. The special nanotechnology method cold nanosphere lithography has been invested to control the structural properties sand growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The preliminary analysis of dismantled pistons revealed that nanotubes layers were partially worn off at the peaks of micro roughness but in the valleys, the nanotubes accurately adhered to the piston lateral surface.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 227-233
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical model phases of fuel injection in the spark -ignition engine with direct fuel injection during work on the heterogeneous mixture
Autorzy:
Sendyka, B.
Cygnar, M.
Janisz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
internal combustion engine
fuel injection system
Opis:
The paper presents the methods and results of calculation of time necessary for transmission of a jet of stratified charge from the injector to the gap between the electrodes of the ignition plug, which is the basis for determination of the advance angle of fuel injection in relation to the advance angle of ignition. This time is the sum of duration of four phases of load jet way and is calculated basing upon a number of empiric formulae taken from recent publications. Constructors of gasoline engines are faced with higher and higher requirements as regards ecological problems and increase in engine efficiency at a simultaneous decrease in fuel consumption. Satisfaction of these requirements is possible due to recognition of the phenomena occurring inside the engine cylinder, choice of suitable optimal parameters of the fuel injection process, and determination of geometrical shapes of the combustion chamber and piston head. Increase of engine efficiency is connected, first of all, with the changes in fuel supply, it means a proper regulation of fuel - air mixture in dependence on the rotational speed and load; hence, combustion of stratified mixtures in a gasoline engines with direct fuel injection is essential for increase in efficiency with a simultaneous decrease in emission of toxic components of exhaust gases and fuel consumption. Such a kind of supply systems show that, apart from combustion of very lean mixtures a gasoline engine with direct fuel injection possesses many other advantages, i.e.: fuel consumption comparable with other engines with self - induced ignition, greater power than in other spark ignition engines with multi - point fuel injection. The results of the performed analysis were given in two-dimensional diagrams.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 465-470
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the engine fuels impact on carbon dioxide emissions
Autorzy:
Worsztynowicz, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
combustion
engine fuels
emission
carbon dioxide
Opis:
The article addresses the topic of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere as the result of the hydrocarbon fuels combustion in the combustion engines. Widespread use of individual means of transportation, where the combustion engines function as the basic propulsion source, has caused that they are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, it has been subjected to some restrictions, similar to those applied towards toxic elements contained with exhaust. One of the most effective ways of restriction of carbon dioxide emission is to decrease fuel consumption. In addition, an important item is the implementation of fuels with less potential to create carbon dioxide as a result of their combustion. The article presents the results of comparative measurements conducted on the engine test stand in terms of prepared load characteristics for a spark ignition engine powered by gasoline as well as by natural gas. On the basis of these measurements the article provides the analysis of the impact of fuel composition and combustible mixture on carbon dioxide content in the exhaust gases. In the next stage of analysis, the criterion for the comparison was the value of carbon dioxide emission with reference to 1 kg of fuel resulting from the measurements and theoretical calculations of fuel combustion. The results of measurements and calculations were shown in forms of graphs. The measurements on a test stand were conducted for the engine of the older generation, whose design corresponds to the motors located in a large number of currently used vehicles. This allows a preliminary estimation of the carbon dioxide emissions coming from means of transport.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 571-575
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Heat release characteristics in combustion chamber of CI engine
Autorzy:
Jankowski, A.
Lagowski, P.
Slezak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244001.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engines
diesel engines
combustion processes
heat release
Opis:
On the basis of the internal heat balance of CI engine with direct fuel injection, the quantity of heat transported during the combustion process from the combustion zone was determined. The real indicator diagrams are the bases for determination of the heat release Characteristics during the combustion process and making up of the internal heat balance. These diagrams were worked out for the engine fuelled with diesel oil for three sets of the injection timing and for work of the engine according to the full load engine Characteristics, and the load Characteristics taken at the engine speedb for the maximum engine torque. Tests with the three different injection timing were carried out. Tests with the load characteristics of the compression-igniting engine for five values of the power were carried out. The pressure in the cylinder of the engine during combustion process was recorded by means of liąuid cooled a piezo-electric quartz sensor with a load amplifier. Characteristics of heat release depended on the composition, temperature and the mol quantity of the working charge in the cylinder during the combustion process. Characteristics of the heat release were determined with the use of the novel calculation program. The program was worked out by authors at the assumption that the process of complete combustion was finished at the moment of the opening of the engine exhaust valve. For purpose of simplification calculation of the quantity of heat lost into the cooling system, the radiation, dissociation and incomplete combustion, were assumed to change during the combustion process in a linear way.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 155-164
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Internal combustion micro-chambers and micro-engines
Autorzy:
Kraszewska, H.
Rusin, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
microengine
shaft less engine
combustion chamber
Opis:
Technological progress caused miniaturization of internal-combustion engines. They found application in many areas. The acquaintance of the ignition and combustion processes in the small volumes, the solution of the problem of piston movement under the influence of a pulse combustion in chambers, the choice of materials and problems related with the mixtures and exhaust creation, all these issues require a exact acquaintance for the purpose of optimization of the micro engine performance. In the paper, some issues are talked over on the base of investigations performed on the small volume chambers in single compression machines and in the shaftless two-cycle engine. Researched was the influence of the micro chamber size and of the area/volume ratio value on the processes of combustion occurring in the very small volumes and with the large values of area/volume ratio. Together with raise of the area/volume ratio, the value of the combustion pressure impulse becomes lower. The influence of the chamber material type on the combustion processes was defined, both in the single compression machine as in the micro engine. The existence of micro chamber size influence on the combustion limits of the fuel/air mixtures was designated. It has been determined that the range of the combustion limit is decreased with diminishing of the combustion chamber diameter, at the same time these changes are not the function of the area/volume ratio value changes. The maximum values of the combustion pressure appeared when chamber was supplied with stoichiometric mixture, irrespective of the chamber dimensions.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 283-288
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie metod wibroakustycznych w diagnostyce silników spalinowych
Application of vibroacoustics methods for ic engine diagnostics
Autorzy:
Madej, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/197376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
silnik spalinowy
diagnostyka silników spalinowych
metoda wibroakustyczna
internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine diagnostic
IC engine
vibroacoustic method
Opis:
Drgania i hałas silnika spalinowego są nośnikiem informacji o stanie jego podzespołów mechanicznych. Energia sygnału drganiowego, generowanego w układzie tłokowo-korbowym, zależy od średniej prędkości obrotowej oraz położenia kątowego wału korbowego. Uszkodzenia mechaniczne mające wpływ na ciśnienie sprężania oraz zjawisko wypadania zapłonów wywołują chwilowe zmiany prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego i chwilowej gęstości widmowej energii sygnału drgań. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań mających na celu określenie wpływu symulowanych uszkodzeń na zmianę charakterystyk sygnałów drgań.
Sound and vibration signal of IC engine often give much dynamic information of mechanical system condition. The energy state of the pistons and the connecting rods is determined by the mean angular speed and the angular positions of the crankshaft. Changes in the pressure in cylinder caused by compression faults or misfire will affect directly the instantaneous angular speed of the crankshaft and vibration energy. In this paper engine faults and its influence on vibration of engine block and head is presented.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2009, 65; 45-50
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dobór i kalibracja wyczynowego silnika z zapłonem iskrowym, zastosowanego w jednomiejscowym bolidzie Formula SAE
Selection and calibration of high performance spark-ignition engine, used in single-seater Formula SAE car
Autorzy:
Urbański, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki. Instytut Techniki Cieplnej
Tematy:
silniki spalinowe
kalibracja silników spalinowych
samochód wyścigowy
Formula SAE
internal combustion engines
calibration of internal combustion engines
race car
Opis:
Praca dotyczy tematyki doboru, określenia zakresu modyfikacji oraz kalibracji wyczynowego silnika z zapłonem iskrowym. Zagadnienia te były jednym z etapów budowy jednomiejscowego bolidu Formula SAE, realizowanego przez SKN PolSl Racing. W ramach projektu autor, przewodząc podzespołowi układu napędowego SKN PolSl Racing, zajmował się powyższą problematyką, spośród której głównym elementem była kalibracja silnika. Wykonano ją z wykorzystaniem hamowni podwoziowej oraz monitorowaniem składu spalin. Rezultatem jest poprawnie działający silnik bolidu.
This thesis project concerns selection, specify the range of modifications and calibration of high performance spark-ignition engine. These issues were one of the stages of single-seater Formula SAE car construction, carried out by Student Research Group PolSl Racing. In this project, author, leading powertrain team of Student Research Group PolSl Racing, dealt with above mentioned issues, of which the main element was the calibration of the engine. It was made using a chassis dynamometer and monitoring the composition of the exhaust gases. The result is a properly functioning car’s engine.
Źródło:
Archiwum Instytutu Techniki Cieplnej; 2016, 2; 135-154
2451-277X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Instytutu Techniki Cieplnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental research of properties of hydraulic drive for valves of internal combustion engines
Autorzy:
Szydłowski, T.
Smoczyński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
camless engine
hydraulic actuator
internal combustion engine
servovalve
Opis:
This paper describes a research stand and results of experimental research of single-acting hydraulic drive for valves of internal combustion engines. The research stand of the hydraulic valve drive was consisted of: typical valve drive for high-speed internal combustion engine, commercial hydraulic actuator, commercial hydraulic accumulator and electrically controlled hydraulic distributor, which controlled the flow of oil supply to the hydraulic actuator. Rexroth commercial servovalve was used as hydraulic distributor for this valve drive. Components of hydraulic valve drive were mounted to specially designed research sleeve. On this sleeve complete drive, which consisted of a hydraulic cylinder and servovalve, was mounted. Drive control was performed in an open loop with a use of rectangular control signal. Displacement of the valve was measured by an optical displacement sensor. Tests were performed for constant lift of the valve, supply pressure set in the range of 6 to 10 MPa and at fixed temperature of the working medium and different initial deflections of valve spring. The behaviour of the drive was researched for bipolar and a rectangular control signals. Such range of measurements was to determine inter alia: the impact of the supply pressure and the control signals values on the drive work. Obtained results were used to verify the simulation model in a wide range of variation of the characteristic parameters of the electro-hydraulic actuator. The results of experimental measurements like valve movement and pressures in the drive were shown and analysed in this paper. With a reference to the valve movement, a detailed calculations of the valve kinematics were performed. Special attention was given to the opening and closing velocities of the valve, depending on the servo control signal. Subsidence valve velocity during its return movement was calculated. This subsidence valve velocity is an important parameter in terms of the applicability of this drive for the internal combustion engines. Valve opening time delay in opposition to the current control signal was also specified and discussed. Obtained results allowed to conclude that the proposed drive provides acceptable kinematic parameters for high-speed engines at supply pressures of at least 8 to 10 MPa. During the measurements acceptable valve subsidence speeds were obtained. It was found that there is a possibility of adjustment of this parameter by setting the slider servovalve negative overlap. Results became the basis of development of the model of this type of the drive. Further simulation studies will allow to evaluate the applicability of such valve drive for internal combustion engines. Further simulation studies allow to compare the proposed solution with known literature hydraulic valve drives.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 351-358
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model of hydraulic double-acting drive for valves of internal combustion engine
Autorzy:
Szydłowski, T.
Smoczyński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
servovalve
hydraulic actuator
camless engine
Opis:
The article presents the idea and the model of electrohydraulic double-acting valve drive for internal combustion engine. In this solution to control the position of the engine valve used Rexroth's servovalve and the double-acting actuator. This drive should give free control of valve lift, valve open andvalve close time. In the article the principles of the operation and the mathematical model of the drive are described. Submitted model gives bases to the initial value definition of the main parameters of the hydraulic drive. It lets execute the analysis of the features of such drive and point necessary modifications for the correct realization of the process of the gas exchange in internal combustion engine. The first results from the simulation showed that proposed solution allows obtaining desirable run of lift of valve in the wide range of engine speed. Comparisons of valve lift proceedings driven hydraulically and mechanically by the use of harmonic cam, for two engine speeds, obtained from simulations are presented in the article. These comparisons show that at greatest engine speeds it is indispensable the use of pressures of the working liquid exceeding 10 MPa to obtain nearing results to the classical mechanical timing gear. Preliminary simulation test results indicate that it may ensure desired run of lift of valve in the wide range of engine speed
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 1; 487-494
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exhaust gas recirculation strategy in the hydrogen SI engine
Autorzy:
Szwaja, S.
Naber, J. D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
hydrogen
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
Opis:
It is known that Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) can be successfully applied not only for reducing NOx content in exhaust gases but also for reduction of combustion knock in SI engines. From this point of view, EGR can be particularly effective for knock elimination in the hydrogen reciprocating engine. Additionally with the application of EGR, the H2-air combustion can be maintained at the stoichiometric ratio enabling highly efficient NOx reduction in catalytic converters. In this paper a strategy of estimating EGR for the naturally aspirated, hydrogen fuelled engine is explained. On the basis of this strategy, the closed loop control system of the EGR was built and was implemented for the single cylinder CFR engine. There is also an outline of the test bed and several examples of in-cylinder pressure courses recorded under various EGR percentages. Next, the impact of EGR on combustion knock in the hydrogen fuelled engine is presented. Finally, conclusions concerning EGR application for hydrogen combustion in the IC engine are presented. EGR calculation and control scheme, main diagram of EGR calculation, subroutine (Sub-block) for calculating the molecular weight of EGR gases, in-cylinder pressure traces for several EGR levels during hydrogen combustion in the CFR engine, the fluctuating component of in-cylinder pressure during hydrogen combustion with several levels of EGR, peak pressure of fluctuation component of in-cylinder pressure vs. EGR percentage are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 457-464
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantumness in diagnostics of marine internal combustion engines and other ship power plant machines
Autorzy:
Girtler, Jerzy
Rudnicki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34602291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
diagnostics
stochastic proces
internal combustion engine
random variable
Opis:
The article provides proof that the diagnostics of marine internal combustion engines and other ship power plant machines should take into account the randomness and unpredictability of certain events, such as wear, damage, the variations of mechanical and thermal loads, etc., which take place during machine operation. In the article, the energy $ E $, like the other forms (methods) that it can be converted into (heat and work), is considered the random variable $ E_t $; at time $t$, this variable has the mean value $ \overline{E}_t $, which is the observed value of the statistic $ \overline{E}_{st} $ with an asymptotically normal distribution $ N ( E(E_t), \frac{ \sigma_t }{ \sqrt{n} } ) $, irrespective of the functional form of the random variable $E_t$. A proof is given that shows that the expected value estimated in the above way, considering the time t of the performance of task Z by a marine internal combustion engine or other ship power plant machine, can be used to determine the machine’s possible action (DM). When compared to the required action (DW) needed for task Z to be performed, this possible action makes it possible to formulate an operating diagnosis concerning whether the engine or machine of concern is able to perform task Z. It is assumed that an energy device of this type is able to perform a given task when the inequality DM≥DW holds. Otherwise, when DM < DW, the device cannot perform the task for which it was adopted in the design and manufacturing phase, which means that it is in the incapability state, although it still can be started and convert energy into the form of heat or work.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 4; 110-119
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 271

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