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Tytuł:
Derivatives based on participles in Irish and Polish and the inflection–derivation distinction
Autorzy:
Bloch-Trojnar, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
inherent inflection
inflection feeding derivation
Irish
participle
Opis:
Greenberg’s Universal 28 says that ‘if both the derivation and inflection follow the root, or they both precede the root, the derivation is always between the root and the inflection’ (Greenberg 1966: 93). Booij (1994: 27) undermines this by allowing inherent inflection to feed derivation. There is abundant literature showing that inherent inflection can feed derivation in Germanic, Romance and Slavic languages (Booij 1994, 1996, Chapman 1996, Rainer 1996, Cetnarowska 1999). The aim of this paper is to describe and compare derivational categories related to participle forms in Irish and Polish. These include among others agent nouns, adjectives of tendency/inclination, resultative passive adjectives and facilitative adjectives. Stump (2005: 52) points out that the terms present and past participle are, in fact, misnomers since participles are uninflected for tense, and they should be regarded as stems conveying aspect information plus the lexical information of the root. The existence of derivatives based on inflected forms is usually taken as evidence against the inflection-derivation dichotomy, and in favour of a tripartition into contextual inflection, inherent inflection and derivation. The paper addresses the theoretical ramifications of the existence of such derivatives for inferential-realisational approaches (Stump 2001), such as for example Beard’s (1995) Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology, which separates the operations on the grammatical (morpholexical and morphosyntactic) features and operations responsible for the morphophonological modification of the root/stem.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2015, 1; 25-42
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Schwankungen bei der Flexion schwacher Maskulina im Deutschen: eine korpusgestützte Pilotstudie an der Schnittstelle zwischen Morphologie und Semantik
Variations in the flexion of weak masculine nouns in German: a corpus-based pilot study at the interface between morphology and semantics
Autorzy:
Zajączkowska, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
inflection
variation in inflection
weak masculine nouns
German nouns
polysemic qualities
Opis:
The use of weak masculine nouns in German challenges the established grammatical and theoretical concepts by its variation in inflection. In this paper two typically weak nouns „Mensch“ and „Bauer“ are looked at in German Referential Corpus (DeReKo) under consideration of their polysemic qualities. The focus is on whether the meaning or the source can be considered a factor for the formal variation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses from this perspective confirm earlier approaches and provide it with more nuance. All the meanings of both nouns show variation in their inflection regardless of the source. However, more dependence is noticeable between the source and the variation than between any meaning and the variation.
Źródło:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft; 2023, 12; 87-105
2299-4122
2657-4799
Pojawia się w:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Auxiliary clitics in Polish
Autorzy:
Jagódzka, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
clitics
Slavic languages
inflection
Opis:
Polish auxiliary clitics constitute an interesting set of data which draws attention to cross-linguistic differences among Slavic languages. A general principle for clitic placement in Indo-European languages is the one described by Jacob Wackernagel in his 1892 work. He concluded that clitics appeared in the second position in the clause, after the first word in a sentence. This pattern was true to some degree in Old Church Slavonic and still holds for a number of contemporary Slavic languages e.g. Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Czech and Slovak which have second position clitics. Bulgarian and Macedonian have verb adjacent pronominal clitics and Polish has auxiliary clitics (Migdalski 2007, 2010, Pancheva 2005). Also in the older versions of Polish language the above mentioned tendency was strong. In Modern Polish auxiliary clitics attach to the l-participle most frequently. However, one of the unusual properties they possess is the ability to choose almost every clausal element for their host. Polish auxiliary clitics can trigger morphophonological alternations on their hosts, which is an affix-like property; however, at the same time they display clearly clitic-like behaviour when they attach freely to words of any lexical class. The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the morpho-syntactic properties of two kinds of auxiliary clitics: bound and free. The bound clitics carry person-number agreement markers for past tense (the so called ‘floating’ or ‘mobile’ inflections). The free clitic is the morpheme by used for conditional and subjunctive mood.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2018, 4; 63-78
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Allein auf weiter Flur? Die indogermanische Pronominalflexion im typologischen Vergleich
Autorzy:
Brosch, Cyril
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/634456.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
typology, Indo-European, pronominal inflection, allomorphy
Opis:
The article gives an outline of the inflectional peculiarities of Proto-Indo-European and its daughter languages, comparing it with unrelated languages, which show hardly any parallels to its pronominal inflection. The latter, constituting a functionally unmotivated divergence from the nominal paradigms, is presented as a probably recent development, which on the other side later leads to a levelling of nominal and pronominal endings in many Indo-European languages, although in some of them inflectional differences may persist until the present day. It is argued that the fusional morphosyntax of Indo- European faciliates linguistic changes of that kind.
Źródło:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis; 2013, 130, 2
2083-4624
Pojawia się w:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mikrokorpus Gronowy Polszczyzny 1830–1918
Autorzy:
Derwojedowa, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1630442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Kultury Języka
Tematy:
corpus
diachrony
inflection
syntax
orthography
stylometry
Opis:
This paper is dedicated to the construction of a small cluster corpus of Polish texts from the period 1830–1918. The assumptions of the corpus, its micro- and macro-structure, as well as stylistic, regional and author diversity, and method of making it available are presented. Its application capabilities are illustrated on the example of orthographic, infl ectional, and syntactic studies.
Źródło:
Poradnik Językowy; 2020, 777, 8; 52-65
0551-5343
Pojawia się w:
Poradnik Językowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idiosyncratic frequency as a measure of derivation vs. inflection
Autorzy:
Copot, Maria
Mickus, Timothee
Bonami, Olivier
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
morphology
derivation– inflection gradient
distributional semantics
Opis:
There is ongoing discussion about how to conceptualize the nature of the distinction between inflection and derivation. A common approach relies on qualitative differences in the semantic relationship between inflectionally versus derivationally related words: inflection yields ways to discuss the same concept in different syntactic contexts, while derivation gives rise to words for related concepts. This differential can be expected to manifest in the predictability of word frequency between words that are related derivationally or inflectionally: predicting the token frequency of a word based on information about its base form or about related words should be easier when the two words are in an inflectional relationship, rather than a derivational one. We compare prediction error magnitude for statistical models of token frequency based on distributional and frequency information of inflectionally or derivationally related words in French. The results conform to expectations: it is easier to predict the frequency of a word from properties of an inflectionally related word than from those of a derivationally related word. Prediction error provides a quantitative, continuous method to explore differences between individual processes and differences yielded by employing different predicting information, which in turn can be used to draw conclusions about the nature and manifestation of the inflection–derivation distinction.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2022, 10, 2; 193--240
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inferring inflection classes with description length
Autorzy:
Beniamine, S.
Bonami, O.
Sagot, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
morphology
MDL
Minimum Description Length
inflection classes
Opis:
We discuss the notion of an inflection class system, a traditional ingredient of the description of inflection systems of nontrivial complexity. We distinguish systems of microclasses, which partition a set of lexemes in classes with identical behavior, and systems of macroclasses, which group lexemes that are similar enough in a few larger classes. On the basis of the intuition that macroclasses should contribute to a concise description of the system, we propose one algorithmic method for inferring macroclasses from raw inflectional paradigms, based on minimisation of the description length of the system under a given strategy of identifying morphological alternations in paradigms. We then exhibit classifications produced by our implementation on French and European Portuguese conjugation data and argue that they constitute an appropriate systematisation of traditional classifications. To arrive at such a convincing systematisation, it was crucial for us to use a local approach to inflection class similarity (based on pairwise comparisons of paradigm cells) rather than a global approach (based on the simultaneous comparison of all cells). We conclude that it is indeed possible to infer inflectional macroclasses objectively.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2017, 5, 3; 465-525
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Описание на формоизменителните типове при числителните имена в българския език (като част от работата над нормативна граматика)
Autorzy:
Микова [Mikova], Лора [Lora]
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
numerals
inflection types
normative grammar
Bulgarian language
Opis:
Description of inflected numeral types in Bulgarian (as applied in the work on a normative grammar) This article describes the principles of defining the types of inflected numerals in Bulgarian which are used in the work on a normative grammar of the language. The numerals are divided into types according to the form of the article, possibility of shifting the stress to the article and presence of two codified variants. Eight formal types of numerals are thus formed. Opis typów liczebników odmiennych w języku bułgarskim (jako część gramatyki normatywnej)W artykule opisano zasady definiowania typów liczebników odmiennych w języku bułgarskim, które zostały zaproponowane w pracy nad gramatyką normatywną. Liczebniki podzielono na typy według form rodzajnika, możliwości przesunięcia akcentu na rodzajnik i występowania dwóch skodyfikowanych wariantów. W ten sposób uzyskano osiem formalnych typów liczebników.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2018, 18
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Лемковские анафорические местоимения: кодифицированная и уэус
Lemkian anaphoric pronouns: the codified norm vs. spoken language usage
Autorzy:
Reis, Anastasia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Lemko language
codification
usage
inflection
anaphoric pronouns
Opis:
This article describes the main tendencies in the development of the Lemkian morphology, namely, in the inflection of the anaphoric pronouns in the speech of Lemkos. The focus is on determining similarities and differences between the inventory of grammatical forms, as described in the codified norm, and the pronominal forms, the use of which is typical for the actual spoken Lemkian (presented here as a corpus of Lemkian oral speech, consisting of conversations recorded within a family circle). The present comparative analysis shows that the paradigm of anaphoric pronouns in the Grammar of Lemkian language is no longer an adequate reflections of the linguistic reality.
Źródło:
Linguistica Copernicana; 2013, 1(9); 215-237
2080-1068
2391-7768
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapomniane rozstrzygnięcia normatywne Walentego Szylarskiego
Autorzy:
Decyk-Zięba, Wanda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2151996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Kultury Języka
Tematy:
Polish grammar books
linguistic norm
orthography
inflection
Opis:
Walenty Szylarski is the author of two Polish grammar books, one in the form of manuscript of 1767 and the other one published in Lviv in 1770. The subject matter of the analysis is fi ve normative resolutions proposed by Szylarski. They concerned: 1) the use of a diacritic over a, 2) the position of ą in the alphabet; 3) the spelling of j before a vowel; 4) the nominative and accusative cases of singular neuter nouns ending with -ę; 5) the instrumental and locative cases of singular and instrumental case of plural masculine and neuter adjectives. Szylarski’s suggestions concerning orthography had two basic causes: one was the lack of standardised, generally accepted rules of o rthography (fl uctuations in the use of endings), the other was the incompatibility of the spelling convention and the properties of language in use (j, -ę in the fi nal position, position of ą in the alphabet, use of a diacritic over the conjunction a). Some of the orthographic proposals were noticed, while others were not.
Źródło:
Poradnik Językowy; 2022, 794, 5; 45-63
0551-5343
Pojawia się w:
Poradnik Językowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trudności w opanowaniu odmiany liczebników w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego na przykładzie studentów ukraińsko- i rosyjskojęzycznych
Autorzy:
Popova, Olha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2152069.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Kultury Języka
Tematy:
numeral
inflection of numerals
interference
language errors
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to describe the most common errors made by Ukrainian- and Russian-speaking people while learning infl ection of numerals for person and their causes. The applied comparative method permits a closer look at formal and syntactic relations as well as collocations of numerals and specifi c lexeme classes (this regards primarily agreement between cardinal numbers and masculine personal verbs, compound structures with the numeral jeden (one) and numerals showing adjectival infl ection). This study concentrates on a comparison of cardinal and ordinal numbers in Ukrainian, Russian and Polish, which allowed an analysis of the causes of errors made while learning the infl ection of numerals by Ukrainian- and Russian-speaking students.
Źródło:
Poradnik Językowy; 2021, 784, 5; 23-36
0551-5343
Pojawia się w:
Poradnik Językowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phenomena in Romance verb paradigms: Syncretism, order of inflectional morphemes and thematic vowel
Autorzy:
Baldi, Benedetta
Savoia, Leonardo M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40055722.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
morphology
syntax
inflection
thematic vowel
Romance languages
Opis:
This article aims to propose a treatment of the internal morphological organization of words, based on the idea that morphology is part of syntactic computation. We disagree with Distributed Morphology model, whereby morphology is identified with a post-syntactic component conveying an information ‘separated from the original locus of that information in the phrase marker’ (Embick and Noyer 2001: 557) by rules manipulating syntactic nodes. We also consider inadequate the costly and complex syntactic structures that cartographic approach maps into inflectional strings. We pursue a different conceptualization assuming that morphology is governed by the same rules and principles of syntax. Sub-word elements, including inflections, thematic exponents and clitics, are fully interpretable and enter (pair-)merge operations (in the sense of Chomsky 2020a,b, 2021) according to their content, giving rise to complex words.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2022, 8; 5-23
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O potrzebie, a nawet konieczności uwzględnienia infiksów w opisie polskiej fleksji werbalnej
On the necessity, or even obligation, to include infixes in the description of Polish verbal inflection
Autorzy:
Perlin, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
morphology
affixes
infixes
verbal inflection
markers of aspect
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present proof that infixes, being markers of the perspective aspect, exist in Polish verbal inflection. At the same time, it is demonstrated that some Polish, and more generally, Slavic affixes, constitute better examples of infixes than those that have been appearing in coursebooks and encyclopaedias of general linguistics so far. Moreover, it is suggested that there is a possibility of t includin infixes in descriptions of inflections of certain Germanic languages.
Źródło:
Linguistica Copernicana; 2013, 1(9); 203-213
2080-1068
2391-7768
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enclisis, mesoclisis and inflection in Italo-Romance varieties: A minimalist analysis
Autorzy:
Savoia, Leonardo M.
Baldi, Benedetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40228933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
object clitics
inflection
enclisis
mesoclisis
morpho-syntax
amalgamation
Opis:
This contribution addresses a central theme in morphological analysis, namely the relationship between clitics and inflectional elements. Important contributions on the point are due to Anderson (1992) and Marantz (1988), who, in different ways, connect clitics and affixes. We will propose a solution based on the idea that clitics are part of the inflectional arrangement of the verbal head. Specifically, we will investigate two types of data coming from some Romance varieties in which enclisis and mesoclisis phenomena interact with word formation. These phenomena affect the expression of the Internal Argument and lead us to rethink the analysis of enclisis and mesoclisis in terms of the ability of the inflected verb to realize Phasal domains. In other words, morphology is part of the syntactic computation, and morphemic elements, endowed with interpretable content, are introduced by the operation of Merge.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2023, 9; 172-196
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Błędy fleksyjne w tekstach pisanych przez słoweńskich studentów polonistyki w Lublanie
Inflectional errors in texts written by Slovenian students of Polish Studies in Ljubljana
Autorzy:
Wtorkowska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/511401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
language mistakes
inflection errors
interferences
Polish language
Slovenian language
Opis:
The aim of the article is to analyse the inflectional errors in texts written by Slovenian students of Polish Studies in Ljubljana. The collision of two grammatical systems (in this case: Polish and Slovenian) leads to numerous mistakes. As a result the inflectional errors appear in both spoken and written texts. The incorrect forms have been analysed in the article and the reason for their occurance described. Special attention was paid to mistakes that can result from the influence of the Slovenian language. The analysed material was gathered by the author of the article herself and it comes from the written works of the Polish language students from Ljubljana. The analyses aim to explain the reasons for the errors. This should result in reflection on the effective methods of teaching that could prevent the occurance of such errors.
Źródło:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne; 2015, 2(16); 125-139
1898-1593
2353-9844
Pojawia się w:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Някои типове съществителни имена в българския език с оглед на формалното им описание
Autorzy:
Кунева [Kuneva], Илияна [Iliiana]
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
nouns
inflection forms
formal description
normative grammar
Bulgarian language
Opis:
Some types of nouns in Bulgarian in view of their formal description This article presents a part of the formal description of nouns in Bulgarian made for the purposes of the Normative grammar of modern Bulgarian. It reviews the descriptive approach that has been adopted and some issues that can be solved through its implementation. In particular, cases of variation of forms within the paradigm of the nouns as well as types of nouns with “defective” paradigm are discussed. Niektóre typy rzeczowników w języku bułgarskim ze względu na ich opis formalny W artykule przedstawiono część formalnego opisu rzeczowników w języku bułgarskim. Opis został sporządzony na potrzeby Gramatyki normatywnej współczesnego języka bułgarskiego. Zaprezentowano przyjęte kryteria opisu oraz ich zastosowanie na wybranych przykładach. W szczególności omówiono przypadki wariancji form wewnątrz paradygmatu rzeczownikowego i przeanalizowano typy rzeczowników o „wadliwym” paradygmacie.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2018, 18
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dans quelle mesure la flexion roumaine et albanaise sont-elles convergentes ?
Autorzy:
Cychnerski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Romanian language
Albanian language
functional inflection
convergences
balkanisms
Opis:
To what extent are the Romanian and the Albanian inflection convergents?This paper presents the results of a short contrastive analysis of functional inflection in the contemporary Romanian and Albanian. Its aim is to determine convergences between these two languages on a highly general level. Nine morphological categories (number, person, gender, case, determination, voice, aspect, mode and tense) with all their main values are described here in each variable lexical class of both the Romanian and the Albanian language. Such a treatment of two corresponding lingusitic subsystems clearly demonstrates that differences overcome similarities, and supposed balkanisms are dubious on this level. W jakim stopniu zbieżne są fleksja rumuńska i fleksja albańska?W artykule przedstawiono wyniki wstępnej analizy kontrastywnej, obejmującej fleksję funkcjonalną współczesnych języków rumuńskiego i albańskiego. Podstawowym celem jest tu określenie, na bardzo ogólnym poziomie, zbieżności między tymi językami. Pod uwagę wzięto dziewięć kategorii morfologicznych (liczba, osoba, rodzaj, przypadek, określoność, strona, aspekt, tryb i czas) wraz z ich prymarnymi wartościami w każdej odmiennej klasie leksykalnej, tak rumuńskiej, jak i albańskiej. Takie potraktowanie odpowiadających sobie dwu językowych podsystemów wykazuje wprost, że różnice przeważają tu nad podobieństwami, a przypuszczalne bałkanizmy są na tym poziomie raczej wątpliwe.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2015, 15
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mixed-Gender Groups and the Problem of Genesis of the Masculine Personal Gender
Zbiory różnorodzajowe a problem genezy rodzaju męskoosobowego
Autorzy:
Kleszczowa, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/468484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
historical inflection
masculine personal gender
mixed-gender groups
Opis:
The author discusses the topic of genesis of the masculine personal gender, which has been touched upon numerous times in Polish linguistic literature, but the concepts presented have not always been sufficiently cogent. She suggests that we take a closer look at the ways the problem of gender agreement in multiple-gender groups is solved. The historical material allows us to point to the following methods: 1. in strings a verb in the singular was employed, with only the first element of the group being obliged to reach gender concord (for example, aże ciało w nim puchnęło i ręce, i około serca. ŻywAm 65), 2. in attributive elements, the attribute related to all elements, including the ones not specified on the surface (for instance, kolżdy brat i siostra mają się modlić za duszę jego. Reg XIX 14), 3. nominal or pronominal generalisation, accompanied by enumeration (e.g. A to jest podobieństwo utrapienia: uciski, nędze, śmierć i potym zmartwychwstanie i żywot wieczny. GrzegŚm 37), 4. a verb was elided (when an existential predicate was involved) (as, for example, in Wskazał jemu płomień, gdzie światłość i ciemność, smętek i płacz, i ciężkie wzdychanie. XV ex. Zab. 356), 5. employing a prepositional phrase + the instrumental case – then the predicate was in the singular (Jako się Stachna i s mężem zaprzała swego pana. Roty 120). Additionally, the research confirmed that in the oldest language relics, if the subject was “multigendered,” the masculine gender was highlighted, something that had a strong systemic motivation. The aforementioned thesis can be confirmed at levels others than the inflectional one, for instance in word formation (cf. e.g. morphological means of moulding female names on the basis of male ones by employing derivative formants like -ka, -ica, -ina and others). It is significant, however, that derivatives stemming from masculine names embraced semantically both the male sex and the female sex (e.g. mistrzowski < mistrz, proroczy < prorok). This testifies to the fact that it was possible for the masculine form to refer to the female designation. The difference of sexes was also pertinent to the animal world; here also a masculine element constituted the centre of a derivational nest, although in these cases it was not always of importance. Oftentimes in such situations lexemic resources were employed (e.g. pies / suka). It is interesting that up to the point when the masculine personal gender developed for masculine animal nouns, there were appearing both types of forms (e.g. ptaszki // ptaszkowie, węże // wężowie). The author, then, questions the thesis of the accusative origin of nominative endings in the plural by proposing that we consider the influence of mixed-gender groups on the development of the masculine personal gender. The analysis of endings for various genders clearly shows that the feminine gender is most expansive.
Źródło:
Forum Lingwistyczne; 2018, 5; 97-105
2449-9587
2450-2758
Pojawia się w:
Forum Lingwistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"Mówienie o sobie" w Piotra Zaremby wspomnieniach prezydenta Szczecina
"Talking about oneself" in Piotr Zarembas memories of the Szczecin city mayor
Autorzy:
Kozaryn, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/369813.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
językoznawstwo
język osobniczy
fleksja
składnia
linguistics
individual language
inflection
syntax
Opis:
Artykuł dotyczy wybranych sposobów „mówienia o sobie”, rozumianego jako sposoby wyrażania przez mówiącego stanów przez siebie doznawanych, głoszonych przez siebie sądów, przekonań, swej woli, w Piotra Zaremby części piątej Wspomnień prezydenta Szczecina: 1949 – rok stabilizacji. Przeprowadzone rozważania, w kontekście języka osobniczego, pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, że język pierwszego prezydenta Szczecina jest aktualizacją polskiego języka ogólnego typową dla ludzi wykształconych przed wojną, dla których język był wartością, którzy zdawali sobie sprawę z jego roli i siły jako elementu kreującego rzeczywistość. Nie ma jednak podstaw do uznania, że Piotr Zaremba był jednostkę wybitną w tym względzie.
The article discusses selected methods of "talking about oneself", understood as the methods of expressing by the speaker of the experienced states, beliefs and his intentions in the fifth part of Piotr Zaremba's Memories of the Szczecin City Mayor: 1949 – the Stabilization Year. The discussion, in the context of individual language, made it possible to conclude that the language of the first Szczecin mayor is the actualization of the general Polish language typical for educated people before the war, for whom their language was a value, who realised the role and the power of language as an element creating the reality. Nevertheless, there are no grounds for considering Piotr Zaremba as an outstanding individual in this respect.
Źródło:
Przestrzeń i Forma; 2014, 22/3; 179-188
1895-3247
2391-7725
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzeń i Forma
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ograniczanie fleksji nominalnej w komunikacji internetowej
Reduction of nominal inflexion in web communications
Autorzy:
Niekrewicz, Agnieszka A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/496943.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:
fleksja
nominatywizacja
ekonomizacja
komunikacja internetowa
inflection
nominatization
economization
internet communication
Opis:
Autorka podejmuje rozważania na temat wpływu nowych mediów na system gramatyczny polszczyzny. Przedmiotem analizy jest nominatywizacja42 rozumiana jako zastępowanie form przypadków zależnych przez formę mianownika we fleksji zarówno nazw własnych, jak i rzeczowników pospolitych. Źródłem analizowanego materiału są wypowiedzi zamieszczane przez internautów na portalach społecznościowych (Facebook, Twitter), posty publikowane na forach dyskusyjnych oraz reklamy sieciowe.
The author discusses the impact of new media on the grammar system of Polish. The subject of the analysis is nominatization, understood as the replacement of the dependent case forms by the denominator form in the inflection of both common names and nouns. The source of the analyzed material are statements posted by the Internet users on social networks (Facebook, Twitter), posts posted on discussion forums and network ads.
Źródło:
Język. Religia. Tożsamość; 2018, 2(18); 95-105
2083-8964
2544-1701
Pojawia się w:
Język. Religia. Tożsamość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Das Schwache Verb und seine Exponenten vom Mittel- bis zum Neuhochdeutschen
Autorzy:
Woźnicka, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
verb
verb components
inflection markers
tense markers
mode markers
Opis:
In the article a new method of determining the so-called markers of inflexion, tense and mode of synthetic forms within the group of weak verbs was presented, and the whole concept is based on the innovative model of a linguistic analysis developed by Jozef Darski (1987; 22004). The model mentioned above is adapted for diachronic analysis, which allows to depict the development of the markers enumerated above from mid- to new-high-German.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2015, 4; 703-713
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sintagmatica morfonologică a radicalului flexionar nominal: tipuri de structură
Morphonological syntagmatics of the nominal inflectional stem: structure types
Autorzy:
Cychnerski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1050908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Roumanian
nominal inflection
morphonology
types of root
syntagmatic constraints
Opis:
This paper presents the results of a detailed analysis of the Roumanian nominal inflectional root. Its aim is to describe the morphonological types of root and their syntagmatic relevance. In this way, seven relevant types of the nominal inflectional root are defined according to its final phonological segments: unmarked vowel root, /u/ root, unmarked consonant root, /j/ root, consonant+liquid consonant root, palatal consonant root and velar consonant root.
Źródło:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia; 2014, 41, 2; 27-40
0137-2475
2084-4158
Pojawia się w:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using an inflection dictionary for a design of a visual dictionary of verbs and their attributes
Autorzy:
Kluza, Krzysztof
Gatkowska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41204266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
web dictionaries
visual dictionary
inflection dictionary of Polish language
Opis:
Authors of this paper present a development of a visual web dictionary based on automatic extraction of verbs and their attributes from texts using the inflection dictionary of Polish language. Entries of the designed dictionary are based on triples: subject (agent) + predicate (action) + object/tool. The paper describes a prototype implementation of such a dictionary. In the paper the background for the research is presented as well as the considered problem is outlined. Moreover, the structure of the inflection dictionary of Polish language is described along with the classification of computer dictionaries. In the implementation part of the paper, the architecture of the developed web dictionary and the extraction algorithm are described.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Informatyki Stosowanej; 2011, 5; 25-30
1689-6300
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Informatyki Stosowanej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O wybranych funkcjach trybu rozkazującego zwrotów frazeologicznych
On the selected functions of the imperative forms of verbal phraseological units
Autorzy:
Witkowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
phraseology
verbal phraseological units
verb
imperative
inflection of phraseological units
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to discuss several secondary problems related to the description of paradigms of Polish phraseological units with a verbal component, i.e. indication of the selected function of their imperative forms. The considerations focus on two general issues. Firstly, they present the possible contexts of using said phrases and, secondly, they verify the hypothesis that verbal phraseological units inherit the properties of verbs with regard to the possibility of occurrence in certain imperative form functions.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2019, 26, 1; 189-202
1233-8672
2450-4939
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Вплив іменників давніх *-ǒ-, *-jǒ-основ на формування субстантивної словозміни західнополіських і суміжних говірок
Influence of Old *-ǒ- and *-jǒ-stem Nouns on the Formulation of Substantive Word Modification in the Western Polissian and Adjacent Dialects
Autorzy:
Zinczuk, Rusłana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Western Polissian dialects
word modification
noun
grammatical analogy
case
inflection
Opis:
The article analyses substantive word modifications in the Western Polissian and adjacent dialects in the context of the *-ǒ- and *-jǒ-stem noun paradigm, and the influences on their formation. It has been found that dialect discourse has fully preserved the system of singular form inflexions in the substantives under investigation. Inflexion leveling has been considered on the basis of the particular nouns paradigm formed according to the pattern of old *-ǒ- and *-jǒ-stems. The unification of case forms of other word-modified types has been specified in accordance with the corresponding structures’ model. The author concludes that the inner paradigmatic interaction of *-ǒ- and *-jǒ-stem substantives is chiefly predetermined by the integrative influence of the `firm` type of noun declination. It is emphasised that the productivity of the objective case inflexion leveling in comparison with that of the genitive case is higher in dialectical discourse than in literary. The external functioning of *-ǒ- and *-jǒ-stem substantives is reflected in Western Polissian and adjacent dialectical word forms, which are predominantly nouns with old consonant *-rand *-t-stems in the genetive singular. Intensive analogical phonetic processes in the dialect words’ modification caused the appearance of the divergent system of substantive paradigm case formatives and their realisation.
Źródło:
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia; 2015, 3; 227-236
2299-7237
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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