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Tytuł:
An Internal Audit Expectation Gap in Poland
Autorzy:
Grzesiak, Lena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
internal audit expectation gap
opinion survey
internal audit effectiveness
internal audit expectation
Polska
Opis:
Theoretical background: One of the factors influencing internal audit effectiveness is the expectation gap understood as the extent to which the function does not meet the expectations of auditees, managers, executives, and audit committee members.Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article was to determine why they perceive internal audit in their organisations as not fulfiling their expectations and how their awareness of this affects internal audit effectiveness.Research methods: This article is a pilot study that uses the results of a critical review of the literature and the findings of the survey of internal audit stakeholders in Poland.Main findings: The article shows that internal audit stakeholders have limited knowledge of the role and responsibilities of internal auditors and the purpose of their work. According to their views, the raison d’être of the internal audit function is fraud detection. This perception of internal audit that emerged in its early years still determines the majority of opinions about its effectiveness.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2021, 55, 3; 37-50
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poczucie własnej skuteczności – teoria i pomiar
Self-efficacy - theory and measurement
Autorzy:
Juczyński, Zygfryd
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139251.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
expectation
self-efficacy
health behaviour
Opis:
The first part presents fundamentals assumptions concerning expectations, especially taking into account self-efficacy and its role in changing behaviour. Generalized self-efficacy beliefs reflect the strength of individuals’ ability to respond to and control environmental demands and challenges. Second part presents two methods to assessment self-efficacy beliefs: for adults – Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem, adopted into Polish condition by Juczyński and for children – Scale of Self-Efficacy prepared by Juczyn´ ski. For each method have been presented description, administration, scoring, interpretation, evaluation and psychometric status.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica; 2000, 04; 11-24
2353-4842
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sex-related differences in physical therapy career expectations in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Autorzy:
Hussein, Hisham M.
Alshammari, Salma F.
Alanazi, Ibtisam A.
Alenzy, Gharam M.
Alrashidy, Renad H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-18
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
Gender equality
females
physical therapy
career expectation
Opis:
Social and cultural factors can lead to gender-biased expectations in physical therapy (PT) career. In Saudi Arabia, female physical therapists might be undergoing more cultural competencies than males to develop their career. This study aimed to investigate whether there are differences between men and women physical therapists (PTs) in their career expectations in Saudi Arabia. We tested 496 responses 192 (38.7%) were males and 307 (61.3%) were females. 325 (65.5%) responses were obtained from students including those in the internship year while the rest of the responses 171 (34.5%) were from graduated PTs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken using a questionnaire sent electronically to PT students and graduates in Ha’il City, Saudi Arabia. The answers to questions regarding the future career expectation and the perception of PT career among other healthcare professions were analyzed. Statistically higher female numbers were expected to conduct research activity, become faculty teaching staff, continue their education, and attend special courses. No sex-related differences were found regarding the expectation to occupy a governmental job, own a private business and participate as an active member of the Saudi Physical Therapy Association. A higher proportion of females see that PT practice is as independent and prestigious as other medical and health specialties. Both genders considered PT is an prestigious as other heakth professions. There are sex-related differences in PT career expectations and the perception of PT career compared to other healthcare professions.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2022, 20(4); 385-392
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The students’ expectations and attitudes towards the role of the enterprise in terms of the European integration
Autorzy:
Wojtowicz, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
student
expectation
attitude
enterprise
personality
European integration
Opis:
The concept of the European integration has been increasingly used since it became more and more valuable. This term is mainly employed in case of the process of the regular integration of countries within Europe dealing with several spheres, such as: economic, legal and political. The greatest success of the European integration is, first of all, the function of the European Union. Europe, or we should say the countries that integrate there have several objectives, which refer to the promotion of the economic and social progresses as well as strengthening of the economic cooperation, moreover, strengthening the union concept as the political creation, improving and increasing the standards of living, developing the areas of the freedom, security and justice, leading to the origination of the European citizenship and also creating one huge economic structure. The European integration has been developing increasingly and it has been successful in many spheres. There was the investigation among students carried out in order to find out the basis of the preparation and decision-making associated with the principles, directions and pace of the perspective development of the education in the field of the foundations of the enterprise in favour of the society functioning in the sphere of the European integration. The deficiencies in the range of the enterprise and the European integration were discovered on their basis. Choosing a young age group, as a target group in this case is justified by the role they play in the society, and therefore, in the process of creating the European society.
Źródło:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 2011, 48; 63-77
0208-4589
Pojawia się w:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kto i z jakich powodów angażuje się w związek Friends with Benefits?
Who and Why Gets Involved in the Friends with Benefits Relationship?
Autorzy:
Chanduszko-Salska, Jolanta
Włodarczyk, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/651506.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Friends with Benefits
motywy
oczekiwania
motivation
expectation
Opis:
Friends with Benefits relationship is defined as a relation between friends who engage in sexual activity on repeated occasions, without any romantic commitment. The aim of this article is focused on the most commonly investigated aspects of Friends with Benefits relationships, such as: prevalence, motives, and characteristics of the relation participants. The current research explores differences regarding ways in which men and women make friends with benefits (FWB) relationships. Individuals currently involved in FWB relationships (134 persons: 65 men, 69 women) were subjected to online examinations. The results indicate both similarities and differences as sex was a more common motivation for men to begin such relationships, whereas emotional and sexual motives were more common among women. These relationships are considered as a novelty among human relationships, especially in the area of Polish research, and they require a further exploration.
Związek Friends with Benefits (FWB) (w dosłownym tłumaczeniu „przyjaciele z korzyścią/bonusem”) to relacja, w której przyjaciele utrzymują ze sobą powtarzalne kontakty seksualne, wykluczająca jednak romantyczne zaangażowanie. Badania skupiły się na wybranych aspektach związków Friends with Benefits, należą do nich: rozpowszechnienie omawianych związków, motywy, oczekiwania i charakterystyka ich uczestników. Badania miały na celu określić różnice w sposobie, w jaki mężczyźni i kobiety nawiązują „przyjaźń z bonusem”. W tym celu przeprowadzono za pośrednictwem Internetu badania wśród osób zaangażowanych obecnie w relacje FWB (łącznie 134 osoby, w tym 65 mężczyzn i 65 kobiet). Wyniki wskazują na wiele podobieństw, ale także różnic, bowiem seks był częściej wymienianym motywem do rozpoczęcia takich relacji przez mężczyzn, podczas gdy motywy emocjonalne i seksualne w równym stopniu motywowały kobiety. Związki te postrzegane są jako nowość w dziedzinie relacji międzyludzkich, a w szczególności w obszarze polskich badań, i wymagają dalszej eksploracji.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica; 2017, 21; 97-114
2353-4842
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of expectation maximization method for purchase decision-making support in welding branch
Autorzy:
Kujawińska, A.
Rogalewicz, M.
Diering, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cluster analysis
welding process
expectation
maximization method
Opis:
The article presents a study of applying the proposed method of cluster analysis to support purchasing decisions in the welding industry. The authors analyze the usefulness of the non-hierarchical method, Expectation Maximization (EM), in the selection of material (212 combinations of flux and wire melt) for the SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) method process. The proposed approach to cluster analysis is proved as useful in supporting purchase decisions.
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2016, 7, 2; 29-33
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reactivation of antecedens by overt versus null pronouns : Evidence from Persian
Autorzy:
Keshtiari, N.
Vasishth, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
sentence comprehension
pronoun processing
reactivation
expectation-based processing
Opis:
In Persian, a construction exists in which a gap can optionally be replaced by an overt pronoun. A self-paced reading study (110 participants) suggests that the overt pronoun results in deeper encoding (higher activation) of the antecedent noun, presumably because of richer retrieval cue specifications during antecedent retrieval at the pronoun; this higher activation has the consequence that the antecedent is easier to retrieve at a subsequent stage. This provides new evidence for reactivation effects of the type assumed in the cue-based retrieval model of parsing (Lewis and Vasishth 2005), and shows that dependency resolution is not simply a matter of connecting two codependents; the retrieval cue specification has a differential impast on processing.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2013, 1, 2; 243-266
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bailout expectation and debt risks of Chinese local governments: an evidence-based study on quasi-municipal bonds
Autorzy:
Zou, Jin
Cui, Chuantao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
local government debt
bailout expectation
soft budget constraint
Opis:
Expectation of bailout by central government distorts the debt pricing mechanism, and as a result local governments run the risk of incurring debts because of the soft budget constraint issues. Thus finding ways to harden budget constraints is crucial, but there is little empirical evidence as to their effects. Since the “No Bailout” signal sent by China’s central government through the new Budget Law provides an ideal quasi-experiment, this study examines its impact on quasi-municipal bonds. Using micro-level data, the authors find that the policies have effectively dispelled expectations of bailout and improved debt pricing mechanism, yet implicit guarantees from local governments still exist. Therefore, the authors show that the policy of the Chinese central government has a certain level of credibility, and that policies combining government credibility and market forces can help to resolve debt risks of local governments.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2021, 2; 5-31
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influences of Social Expectation Toward Leader Power, Leader Practices And Personal Branding to Establish The Leader Trust (Case Study on the Leadership of Bandung and Purwakarta Region on Gen-Z)
Autorzy:
Kusumah, Indra
Iskandar, Tb. Zulrizka
Sumantri, Suryana
Harding, Diana
Rizal, Achmad
Widianti, Efri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1163846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
leader power
leadership practices
perceived
personal branding
social expectation
Opis:
The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of social expectations on the perceived leadership processes in the form of perceived leader power, perceived leadership practices and perceived personal branding to establish trust in leader on the leader of Bandung and Purwakarta region in the perception of Gen-Z. This research collected the sample of 405 peoples Gen-Z in Bandung and Purwakarta by adopted accidental sampling technique. The data investigated through scale. The analysis technique of this research was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square) with Smart-PLS software operation. The results of the research revealed that social expectation influenced all variables in the perceived leadership processes to establish trust in leaders. All the stated variables in the leadership process correlated each other in the perception of Gen-Z . The model scheme of the leadership process to establish trust in leader proceeded together with the input stage of social expectations, the process stages of social perception and the output stage of social trust in the context of leadership.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 108; 64-73
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Generating Correlated Pseudo-Random Binary Numbers
O generowaniu skorelowanych binarnych liczb pseudolosowych
Autorzy:
Gamrot, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/906865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Random number generator
multinomial distribution
two-point distribution
expectation
Opis:
The paper is devoted to the problem of generating sequences of binary vectors having joint distribution allowing for correlation between individual elements. A procedure for generating such a distribution from uncorrelated binary and multinomial pseudo-random data is proposed. Certain properties of the proposed procedure are examined in the simulation study.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2012, 269
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The feeling of efficiency in the opinion of the surveyed students of Rzeszów universities
Poczucie skuteczności w opinii badanych studentów rzeszowskich uczelni
Autorzy:
Chodkowski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28328151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
skuteczność
oczekiwanie
efektywność
edukacja
studenci
effectiveness
expectation
efficiency
education
students
Opis:
The sense of effectiveness plays an important role in the subjective perception of well-being by an individual. It closely relates the level of effectiveness to the expected performance of each activity. Higher expectations should release energy and affect effective results of education or professional work. The aim of this article is to analyze the sense of effectiveness in life of students who started their studies in science and humanities. For this purpose, I have carried research out based on an own project taken among 383 students of the Rzeszów University of Technology and The University of Rzeszow. The research used a diagnostic survey method, and a standardized tool to measure the level of effectiveness in life using the Generalized Self-Efficency Scale (GSES) developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem and prepared in Polish adaptation by Zygrfyd Juczyński. The research showed that the students' sense of effectiveness in life was moderate. The following independent variables were taken into account: university, gender, age, place of residence and the wealth of the respondents. In two studies, there was a difference in the level of statistical significance depending on the type of university and the gender of the respondents. On the other hand, taking into account the average, students from the Rzeszów University of Technology showed a slightly higher level of sense of effectiveness in contrast to students from the University of Rzeszów. The conclusions from the research constitute a challenge for the education system, teachers at all levels of education, so that any changes, systematically introduced to the education programs, could reflect the needs of students to a greater extent.
Poczucie skuteczności odgrywa ważną rolę na subiektywne odczuwanie dobrostanu przez jednostkę. Poziom skuteczności jest ściśle związany z oczekiwaniami w trakcie wykonywania każdej czynności. Większe oczekiwania powinny wyzwalać energię i wpływać na skuteczniejsze efekty kształcenia, bądź wykonywanej pracy zawodowej.   Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza poczucia skuteczności z życia studentów, którzy rozpoczęli studia na kierunkach ścisłych i humanistycznych. Badania wykonano na podstawie własnego projektu zrealizowanego wśród 383 studentów Politechniki Rzeszowskiej i Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Do badań wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego i standaryzowanego narzędzia badającego poziom skuteczności z życia z wykorzystaniem Skali Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności (Generalized Self-Effficency Scale – GSES) opracowanej przez Ralfa Schwarzera i Matthiasa Jeruzalema i przygotowanej w polskiej adaptacji przez Zygrfyda Juczyńskiego. Badania pokazały, że poczucie skuteczności z życia studentów kształtował się na poziomie umiarkowanym. Wzięto pod uwagę następujące zmienne niezależne: uczelnia, płeć, wiek, miejsce zamieszkania i zamożność respondentów. W dwóch badaniach istniało zróżnicowanie w poziomie istotności statystycznej w zależności od rodzaju uczelni i płci badanych. Natomiast biorąc pod uwagę średnią, studenci z Politechniki Rzeszowski przejawili nieco wyższy poziom poczucia skuteczności w przeciwieństwie do studentów z Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Wnioski z badań stanowią wyzwanie dla sytemu edukacji, nauczycieli, wychowawców na wszystkich poziomach kształcenia, aby wszelkie zmiany, systematycznie wprowadzane do programów kształcenia mogły odzwierciedlać potrzeby studentów.
Źródło:
Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna; 2022, 11; 119-134
2299-7466
Pojawia się w:
Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quality of Tests of Expectation Formation for Revised Data
Autorzy:
Ziembińska, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
data revisions
macroeconomic forecasts
Polish economy
rational expectations
expectation processes
Opis:
The work contains discussions and simulation analyses of the expectation formation processes, taking account of the data revisions. In particular, it contains results of simulations examining statistical properties of the rationality tests and extrapolation processes, with particular focus on their behaviour in the case of short samples and data with measurement errors. The conclusions indicate that the rationality test based on the optimal regression and the proposed adaptive and accelerating tests are the most efficient and flexible. The tests showcasing best properties have been applied to a new set of macroeconomic forecasts for Poland. The results show that there are no grounds for rejecting the hypothesis on the rationality of forecasts derived from the National Bank of Poland (NBP) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; however, this property was rejected for the European Commission. What is more, the comparative analysis indicates that only the national institution (NBP) may potentially aim the final readings of the macroeconomic data as the forecasting target. Finally, it transpires that the extrapolative models, albeit simple and intuitively interpreted, generally fail to correctly explain the forecast formation processes regarding the Polish economy
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2021, 4; 405-453
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations for moments of generalised order statistics based on Weibull–G family of distributions
Autorzy:
Athar, Haseeb
Alharbi, Yousef F.
Fawzy, Mohamad A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
generalized order statistics
order statistics
record values
expectation identities
characterisation
Opis:
The Weibull distribution is one of the important distributions used in reliability theory and life-testing experiments. The generalised versions of the Weibull distribution give a more flexible model for these studies. The Weibull–G family of distributions is one of the extended versions extensively studied. In this paper, we have studied moments properties of generalised order statistics for the said distribution in terms of a single moment, product moments and characterisation. Several examples and special cases are presented. The results can be applied to all distributions belonging to this family.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2022, 32, 4; 17--31
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expectation properties of generalized order statistics based on the Gompertz-G family of distributions
Autorzy:
Alharbi, Yousef F.
Fawzy, Mohamad A.
Athar, Haseeb
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
generalized order statistics
expectation identities
Gompertz-G family of distributions
characterization
Opis:
Gompertz-G family of distributions has been considered. The moment properties of generalized order statistics were studied and characterization results have been presented. Further, several examples and special cases were discussed. The results can be applied to many known distributions included in this family.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2023, 33, 4; 1--14
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Predicting in multivariate incomplete time series. Application of the expectation-maximisation algorithm supplemented by the Newton-Raphson method
Autorzy:
Korczyński, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-24
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
missing data
multivariate time series
expectation-maximisation algorithm
Newton-Raphson algorithm
Opis:
Statistical practice requires various imperfections resulting from the nature of data to be addressed. Data containing different types of measurement errors and irregularities, such as missing observations, have to be modelled. The study presented in the paper concerns the application of the expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm to calculate maximum likelihood estimates, using an autoregressive model as an example. The model allows describing a process observed only through measurements with certain level of precision and through more than one data series. The studied series are affected by a measurement error and interrupted in some time periods, which causes the information for parameters estimation and later for prediction to be less precise. The presented technique aims to compensate for missing data in time series. The missing data appear in the form of breaks in the source of the signal. The adjustment has been performed by the EM algorithm to a hybrid version, supplemented by the Newton-Raphson method. This technique allows the estimation of more complex models. The formulation of the substantive model of an autoregressive process affected by noise is outlined, as well as the adjustment introduced to overcome the issue of missing data. The extended version of the algorithm has been verified using sampled data from a model serving as an example for the examined process. The verification demonstrated that the joint EM and Newton-Raphson algorithms converged with a relatively small number of iterations and resulted in the restoration of the information lost due to missing data, providing more accurate predictions than the original algorithm. The study also features an example of the application of the supplemented algorithm to some empirical data (in the calculation of a forecasted demand for newspapers).
Źródło:
Przegląd Statystyczny; 2021, 68, 1; 17-46
0033-2372
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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