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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 318
Tytuł:
Une nouvelle codification de la procédure d’ exécution administrative
Autorzy:
Rozmaryn, Stefan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45244556.pdf
Data publikacji:
1968-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
enforcement procedure
codification of the administrative
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1968, 9; 5-18
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
L’application de la loi polonaise comme condition de la reconnaissance du jugement étranger
Autorzy:
Jodłowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43463558.pdf
Data publikacji:
1986-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
tribunaux étrangers
droit polonais
tribunal étranger
système polonais
tribunaux polonais
recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1986, 1-2(69-70); 37-62
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Budowle wodne z naturalnych materiałów
Water constructions made of natural materials
Autorzy:
Jędryka, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338503.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
budowle piętrzące
budowle regulacyjne
przepławki
umocnienia skarp
fish ladders
regulating constructions
shoreline enforcement
water lifting constructions
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane rozwiązania konstrukcyjne budowli wodnych, takich jak: umocnienia, budowle regulacyjne, piętrzące i przepławki, wykonanych z naturalnych materiałów. Budowle te są niezbędne do regulacji warunków wilgotnościowych w dolinie oraz utrzymania koryt rzek zgodnie z zadaniami postawionymi danemu obiektowi. Są to konstrukcje, które można również wykorzystać w ramach ochrony czynnej na obiektach cennych przyrodniczo.
Selected designs of water constructions like: reinforcements, water lifting and regulating constructions and fish ladders made of natural materials are presented in this paper. These constructions are necessary to control water relations in a valley and to maintain river channels in accordance with requirements of a given object. The constructions might also be used in the protection of naturally valuable objects.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2007, T. 7, z. 2b; 55-74
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Antitrust Private Enforcement – Case of Poland
Autorzy:
Jurkowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
private and public enforcement
private parties
antitrust damages
court proceedings
collective redress
damage actions
Opis:
This article presents the main difficulties surrounding private enforcement of antitrust law in Poland, currently the key implementation problem in the field of antitrust law. Whereas the basic standards concerning the public pillar of antitrust enforcement have already been established, either in the European Community (EC) or in its Member States, the private pillar of antitrust enforcement has not yet been fully developed. The fact that private enforcement of antitrust law is possible, and in fact equal, to public enforcement is not yet commonly recognized. In response to the European Commission’s White Paper on Damages actions for breach of the EC antitrust rules, private enforcement of antirust law is presently under intense discussion in EC Member States. This article should be considered as one of the contributions to this debate. It presents the main legal framework of private enforcement of antitrust law in Poland. In order to do so, it directly refers to the Polish Act on competition and consumer protection, the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Code. This article also discusses Polish case law in this area. It aims to assess whether existing Polish legal provisions are, in fact, sufficient to ensure effective private enforcement of Polish as well as EC antitrust law. The article refers to the main proposals of the European Commission’s White Paper. It is concluded that private enforcement of antitrust law is indeed possible in Poland on the basis of currently applicable procedural rules, even if there are no special instruments designed to facilitate it. However, it cannot be expect that in the current legal climate, private parties will eagerly and frequently apply for damages in cases of a breach of Polish antitrust law. Antitrust cases are special in many aspects and, thus, they require specific solutions in procedural terms. This article aims to pinpoint those areas, where the Polish law needs to be changed in order to develop and promote private enforcement of antitrust law in Poland.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2008, 1(1); 59-79
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Civil Law Actions in the Context of Competition Restricting Practices under Polish Law
Autorzy:
Podrecki, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
private enforcement
court proceedings
damage actions
private parties
collective redress
Opis:
This paper’s aim is to describe the rules governing the assertion of civil law liability in the event of a competition law infringement. Given the planned adoption and implementation of a new EU legislative package concerning private enforcement, it is useful to determine what legal instruments and procedures are already available under Polish civil law that serve the protection of market players. This paper will specify the legal basis for the assertion of civil claims associated with competition law infringements and present its particularity. Considered will be the provisions of the Polish Civil Code as well as the provisions of the law on combating unfair competition and the law on unfair market practices. Discussed will be the full catalogue of civil law claims that can be asserted in relation to antitrust infringements as well as the specific purposes of civil law liability in this context. The paper will also assess the model of determining the effects of competition law violations and analyse whether private law principles for the calculation of loss can be applied in antitrust infringement cases. Finally, the paper will discuss the issue of settling the convergence of liability problem and the proposal concerning the introduction into the Polish legal system of class actions.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2009, 2(2); 77-98
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Antitrust Law in its Fight Against Cartels – Awaiting a Breakthrough
Autorzy:
Molski, Rajmund
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
cartels
cartel prohibition
investigatory powers
leniency programme
anti-cartel sanctions
anti-cartel enforcement
Opis:
This paper presents the basic elements of the Polish anti-cartel regime and suggests what potential changes would be likely to improve it. Considered here are: the legal framework of anti-cartel enforcement in Poland as well as the performance of the Polish antitrust authority in its fight against cartels. Special attention is devoted to the substantive provisions of the cartel prohibition, investigatory powers of the antitrust authority, including the leniency programme, and the arsenal of sanctions available in cartels cases. The paper will show that Poland has sound anti-cartel laws and an antitrust authority determined to enforce them effectively. Notwithstanding its generally positive conclusions, the paper will conclude with some suggestions de lege ferenda which are likely to improve the Polish anti-cartel regime making its fight against cartels more dynamic.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2009, 2(2); 50-76
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Leniency Programme and its Intersection with Private Enforcement of Competition Law
Autorzy:
Rumak, Ewelina
Sitarek, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
leniency
whistle-blowing
cartels
private enforcement
discovery
protection of applications
follow-on actions
scope of damages
Opis:
This paper is devoted to the Polish leniency programme, including the conditions of obtaining lenient treatment and the applicable procedure. The type, scope and form of information that must be submitted are commented on as well as the marker system and summary applications. The intersection of the leniency scheme with private enforcement of antitrust rules is discussed in detail. Special attention is devoted to the possible ways in which private antitrust plaintiffs might access information submitted to the UOKiK by leniency applicants. Thoroughly analysed are the rules regulating the possibility of obtaining relevant documents from the UOKiK and from the defendant in the course of civil proceedings as well as the status of the administrative decision in subsequent civil litigation. The paper covers also the scope of the leniency recipient’s civil liability and touches upon the possible ways in which it could be limited to enhance the effectiveness of the leniency scheme. Some suggestions de lege ferenda are also provided concerning the means of increasing this effectiveness without prejudice to the private parties’ right to compensation.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2009, 2(2); 99-123
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Commitment Decisions under the Polish Competition Act – Enforcement Practice and Future Perspectives
Autorzy:
Kozieł, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
commitment decision
enforcement of competition law
legal certainty
restorative justice
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of the commitments procedure under the Polish competition law, including both legal and economic perspective. The outcome of this research is supposed to help in estimation whether novel negotiated instruments may be successfully employed in the field of antitrust enforcement. Hence, the paper first introduces the legal background of the commitments decisions, with focus on the specific features of the procedure. Being a tool of antitrust enforcement, commitment decisions should contribute to its goals. Therefore, the paper identifies such objectives drawing on the economic literature. It is in the light of these criteria that the decision practice of the Polish competition authority, still in the stage of development, is subsequently evaluated. This assessment reveals circumstances, under which the competition authority is particularly apt to engage into commitments procedure. It allows also for a conclusion that the application of this negotiated instrument is in principle commensurate with the exigencies following from economic theory.
Le but de cet article est de présenter une analyse de la procédure d’engagements en droit polonais de la concurrence, d’un point de vue juridique et économique. Le résultat de cette recherche permettra d’estimer l’efficacité de ces nouvelles procédures négociées dans le domaine du droit de la concurrence. Ainsi, l’article introduit le cadre juridique de la procédured’engagements en Pologne, en se focalisant sur les éléments spécifiques d’un tel mécanisme. Instrument de mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence, la procédure d’engagements devrait contribuer à accomplir les buts de cette politique. Par conséquent, l’article essaie d’identifier de tels objectifs, en s’appuyant sur la littérature économique. La pratique décisionnelle de l’autorité de la concurrence polonaise est par la suite analysée à la lumière de ces critères, tout en gardant à l’esprit qu’elle n’en est qu’à ses prémisses. Cette analyse revèle les circonstances dans lesquelles l’autorité de la concurrence est particulièrement susceptible de mettre en œuvre une procédure d’engagements. Elle nous permet aussi de constater que l’application des procédures négociées en Pologne est, en principe, conforme aux exigences relevant de la théorie économique. Néanmoins, quelques suggestions visant à l’amélioration de la procédure d’engagements sont proposées, au cas où cela soit nécessaire.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2010, 3(3); 71-91
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of the New Approach to Article 102 TFEU on the Enforcement of the Polish Prohibition of Dominant Position Abuse
Autorzy:
Kohutek, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530316.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of a dominant position
effects-based approach
consumer harm
exclusionary conduct
anticompetitive foreclosure
rule of reason
efficiency-defense
over-enforcement
‘as efficient competitor’ test
standard of proof
Opis:
This paper will analyze the impact of the modernized approach to Article 102 TFEU on the application of the prohibition of dominant position abuse contained in Polish competition law. For that purpose, several questions will be answered. Has the consumer-welfare standard already become, or will it become (in particular under the influence of the effects-based approach), the decisive criteria for the finding of a violation of Article 9 of the Polish Competition Act as well as its past equivalents? Will EU’s new approach to the abuse of dominance lead to a re-orientation of the goals pursued by Polish competition law on unilateral conduct? Has Polish enforcement practice attached as much emphasis to the protection of market structures as some EU cases that might have justified the accusation of over-enforcement? Has the recent reform introduced any new requirements, standards or tests in the procedural dimension of the application of the ban on the abuse of dominance and if so, to what an extent will they influence the traditional approach employed by Polish antitrust and judiciary institutions? In order to answer these questions, relevant Polish legislation and case-law will be analyzed. The article will try to establish the actual scope of the change relating to substantive as well as procedural rules which will (or should) affect the enforcement of Article 9 of the Polish Competition Act under the impact of the new EU approach.
Cet article a pour but d’analyser l’impact de l’interprétation modernisée de l’article 102 TFUE sur l’application de l’interdiction de l’abus de position dominante dans la loi polonaise. Dans ce but, nombreuses questions seront adressées. Par exemple, le bien être des consommateurs, est-il déjà, ou sera-t-il dans le future (en particulier, sous l’influence de l’approche fondée sur les effets), le critère décisif pour constater une violation de l’article 9 du Droit de la concurrence polonais, aussi que leurs équivalents? La législation polonaise et la jurisprudence seront analysées. Cet article tente d'établir l'étendue actuel des changements relatifs aux règles substantives et procédurales, qui affectent (ou devraient affecter) le renforcement de l’article 9 du Droit de la concurrence polonais sous l’influence de la nouvelle approche de l’UE.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2010, 3(3); 93-113
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Who Controls Polish Transmission Masts? At the Intersection of Antitrust and Regulation
Autorzy:
Sage, Ewelina D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
antitrust enforcement
sector specific regulation
telecoms
market 18
transmission infrastructure
‘relevant’ market
access to infrastructure
co-operation procedures
procedural intertwining
Opis:
This paper will be devoted to the most acute point of intersection between sector specific regulation and the enforcement of competition law – a parallel scrutiny of the market position and behaviour of EMITEL TP, an incumbent infrastructure holder in the Polish broadcasting transmission field, by the national telecoms regulator and the antitrust authority. After presenting the relevant EU background, the discussion will focus on four basic factors that have influenced the relationship between antitrust and regulation in this case. The peculiarities of national legislation transposing the EU liberalisation package will be considered first, followed by the state of competition in Polish telecoms and the potential existence of prohibited market practices. Emphasis will be placed here on the use of the antitrust concept of relevant market definition in the framework of sector-specific regulation. The analysis will continue with an assessment of the differences between the two types of market intervention noted by the authorities in the context of a potential competence dispute. In conclusion, the need will be presented to shift the current focus placed on the separation of antitrust enforcement and regulation, which has made them both ineffective in achieving their purpose, towards that of their combination in order to facilitate the emergence of competition in the Polish broadcasting transmission services field.
L’article concerne le point le plus aigu d’intersection entre la réglementation sectorielle et le renforcement de la loi de concurrence – le contrôle parallèle de la position sur le marche et le comportement de EMITEL TP, le propriétaire d’infrastructure dans le domaine de la radiodiffusion en Pologne, par le régulateur national des télécommunications et l’autorité chargée de la politique de concurrence. Après avoir présenté le contexte de l’UE, la discussion se concentrera sur quatre facteurs clés qui ont influencé les relations entre les politiques de concurrence et la réglementation sectorielle dans ce cas-là. Les particularités de la législation nationale transposant le train de mesures de libéralisation de l’EU seront considérées d’abord, suivies par l’état de concurrence dans les télécommunications en Pologne et l’existence potentielle des pratiques du marche interdites. L’emphase sera mise ici sur l’usage de la définition du marché en cause aux fins du droit de la concurrence, dans le cadre de la réglementation sectorielle. Dans la partie suivante, l’analyse sera centrée sur l’évaluation de la différence entre les deux types d’intervention sur le marche notés par les autorités dans le contexte d’ un conflit possible en matière de compétence. Dans la conclusion, le besoin de tourner l’attention mise actuellement sur la séparation du renforcement de la loi de concurrence et la réglementation sectorielle, qui les avait faits inefficaces en atteignant leurs objectifs, vers la combinaison de les deux, afin de faciliter l’émergence de la concurrence dans le domaine des services de radiodiffusion.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2010, 3(3); 133-163
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Błąd wychowawczy a stosowana dyrektywność rodzicielska
The parental error and applied parental control
Autorzy:
Szymańska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-02-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
parental directiveness
parental control
obedience enforcement
Opis:
There was explored the connection among parental directiveness, child behaviour and parental difficulty. We put forward a hypothesis that parents of “difficult” children would achieve higher scores in aggressive directiveness, parents of well-behaved children would achieve higher scores in heart - full directiveness. It was expected that parental difficulty would determinate upbringing mistake. The sample consisted of 204 people, parents of children who attend to kindergartens in Warsaw, Cracow, Częstochowa. Results confirmed research hypotheses: parents of “difficult” children achieved higher scores in aggressive directiveness, parents of well-behaved children achieved higher scores in heart - full directiveness. A spectacular outcomes demonstrate the crucial role of the type of parental directiveness, and prove that parental difficulty determinates parental mistake but only in group of “difficult” childrens parents
Źródło:
Studia Psychologica; 2011, 1, 11; 99-112
1642-2473
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coping with Low-Trust Situations in Eastern and Western Europe: On the Role of Justice and Corruption as Buffers of Interpersonal Distrust
Autorzy:
Mueller, Georg P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-07-13
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
interpersonal trust
corruption
law enforcement
locus of control
risk-buffering
Eastern/
Western Europe
Opis:
This article focuses on the impact of interpersonal distrust on the perceived locus of control of the concerned person. It is argued that distrust triggers a psychological shift of the perceived locus of control towards distrusted others-a process, which may however be slowed down or even stopped by appropriate subjective or objective buffers. E.g. reliable law enforcement may have this buffering effect as well as the instrumentalisation of the state by corrupt practices. On the bases of interview data form the European Values Study, the article first shows for a great number of Eastern and Western countries the existence of the postulated negative impact of distrust on the degree of perceived internal control. In a second step, the article also investigates the buffering effects of trustworthy law enforcement and corruption. The statistical analyses demonstrate that in Central and Eastern Europe, corruption has a much stronger buffering effect than law enforcement, whereas in Western Europe, the strengths of the two types of buffers are just the reverse.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 174, 2; 181-194
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja reżimu prawnego walki z terroryzmem
Autorzy:
Gubrynowicz, Aleksander
Pacholska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/121275.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Wiedzy Obronnej
Tematy:
terroryzm
zwalczanie
reżim prawny
Irish Republican Army
IRA
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
ETA
prawo międzynarodowe
model law enforcement
model LOAC
reżim LOAC
zakaz użycia siły
konflikt zbrojny
nielegalni bojownicy
terrorism
combating
legal regime
international law
LOAC model
LOAC regime
military conflict
illegal fighters
Źródło:
Wiedza Obronna; 2011, 3; 81-105
0209-0031
2658-0829
Pojawia się w:
Wiedza Obronna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Význam uznesenia Súdneho dvora Európskej únie vo veci C-76/10 Korčkovská
Autorzy:
Vokálová, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
consumer
credit consumer agreement
unfair terms
arbitration award
the annual percentage rate of charge
enforcement proceeding
Opis:
The standardform-consumer contractsare notan isolatedphenomenon. The consumer is the weaker party, whether by reason of information or bargaining in an attempt to achieve a change in formulation in advance of the contract. Therefore, judicial review of contract terms in order to determine whether they cause a significant imbalance in rights and obligations to the detriment of the consumer is justified. This post emphasizes the importance of data on the annual percentage rate of charge in the credit consumer agreement in light of the unfair terms. Its aim is mainly to point out the consequences of lack of data on the annual percentage rate of charge in consumer contracts in enforcement proceedings conducted pursuant to an arbitration award. The importance of this institute is presented by the message, which carries an order of the European Court of Justice in Case C-76/10 Korčkovská.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2011, 2(7); 333-345
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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