Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "economics;" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Economics as an Empirical Science
Autorzy:
Czarny, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
economics
theory of economics
experimental economics
Opis:
The author seeks an answer to a complex question whether and on what conditions economy may be considered an empirical science. In the first part, basic epistemological and methodological issues along with the problems of rhetorical nature encountered by economists are discussed. In the next part peculiarities of economics are explored, in particular limited possibility of experimenting, uncertainty and generality of forecasts, how research and publication of results influence an object of research and the linkages between economics and human interests. Finally the future directions for economic research are debated, especially, the possible potential of experimental economics and observation, as well as whether and to what extent results of a research can be predicted.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2010, 1, 2; 7-34
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Disputes Over the Concept of Ecological Economics and Environmental Economics in the Light of the Works of Professor Tomasz Żylicz
Autorzy:
Czaja, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
ecological economics
environmental economics
modern economics
Opis:
The problem of the concept of ecological and environmental economics and the relationship between them is the vital research problem in modern economics. The presentation of disputes in this respect is the subject of the presented article. For obvious, substantive and non-substantive reasons, the scientific views of Professor Tomasz Żylicz will be the central axis. The purpose of the topic presented in this paper analysis is not to settle the controversy but to present the dispute using the views of some discussion participants, especially the comments formulated by Professor Tomasz Żylicz. The research method is based on a critical analysis of the literature and desktop research. Conclusion 1: The problem of understanding ecological and environmental economics is just one of the many important issues that can be found in the works of Professor Tomasz Żylicz. Conclusion 2: This problem is connected with very interesting theoretical, cognitive and terminological issues and practical issues related to the implemented environmental policies or sustainable development strategies at their various levels.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2021, 8, 55; 201-211
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dydaktyczne znaczenie ekonomii instytucjonalnej, jako nurtu ukazującego rolę moralności w życiu gospodarczym
The Didactic Meaning of Institutional Economics as a School of Economic Thought: the Role of Morality in the Economic Life
Autorzy:
Fjałkowski, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
institutional economics
mainstream economics
teaching economics
teaching business ethics
Opis:
In the paper a thesis is stated that institutional economics presents considerable support for business ethics teaching. The assumptions of main-stream economics eliminated the problems of morality in economic life. The dominance of neo-classical economics in economic studies curricula contributes to the social opinion that business is deprived of moral dimensions. From this point of view, it is argued that business ethicists should be more interested in institutional economics. Some institutionalists see economics close to social moral philosophy and claim that a normative approach in economics is natural and necessary. The questions of aims and economic morality are integral parts of many institutional research agendas. Especially the New Institutional Economics has developed tools that enable formalization and empirical verification of theories of morality in business. Institutional economics enriches the theoretical and empirical context of business ethics teaching.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2009, 12, 2
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Po co ekonomom mózgi, czyli o pożytkach z neuroekonomii
Why Do Economists Need Brains: About Usefulness of Neuroeconomics
Autorzy:
Gęsiarz, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/637881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
necuroeconomics
behavioral economics
classical economics
Opis:
Necuroeconomics should be treated not like new direction in research, but rather like natural continuity of behavioral economics, which can benefit from neuroscientific component in analogous way as psychology does. Searching for neural correlates of behavior can be useful in delimitating between plausible and implausible theories, and also can be a source of new hypothesis about underlying mechanisms. Moreover methods used in neuroscience can help in formal description of constructs ignored by classical economics so far, such as emotions and individual differences.
Źródło:
Rocznik Kognitywistyczny; 2011, 5; 49-55
1689-927X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Kognitywistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methodology…?! Why? Some methodological aspects of the controversy between mainstream economics and institutionalism
Autorzy:
Galbács, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
mainstream economics
institutional economics
methodology of economics
isolation
homo oeconomicus
Opis:
Mainstream economics has been running the gauntlet of adverse criticism for decades. These critiques claim as a message of central importance that mainstream economics has lost its relevance for understanding reality. By making a brief comparison between the methodological strategies of the main stream and institutional economics I suggest that the firm demarcation between the streams stems from the difference between their methodologies. Its peculiar interest directed mainstream economics to take a unique methodological path and consequently the adherents have not been able to be on the lookout for certain facets of socio-economic reality. However, the chosen path, the axiomatic-deductive strategy proved to be an appropriate method for identifying economic laws. This claim is justified even by some recent efforts of new institutional economics. In order to support the conversation between the schools I highlight some causes that currently make it impossible to start a rational discourse.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2017, 3(17), 3; 112-134
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomia behawioralna: od koncepcji racjonalności do wizji ustroju ekonomicznego
Behavioral economics: from a concept of rationality to a vision of an economic system
Autorzy:
Godłów-Legiędź, Janina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
behavioral economics
rationality
neoclassical economics
institutionalism
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to show the diversity in behavioral economics from both a normative and an explanatory point of view. Based on a critical analysis of the literature, the author presents behavioral economics from three perspectives: the perspective of diversification of the ideas about the way of functioning of human mind and normative suggestions concerning rationality, the perspective of connections between views on rationality and on the optimal economic system, and the perspective of the relationship between a psychological and institutional approach in economics. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in behavioral economics, we can find two opposite approaches to rationality, which result in different assessments of both individual behavior as well as the functioning of social institutions. The ”old” school of behavioral economics, which developed the concept of ecological rationality, is closely related to the institutional approach. The ”new” behavioral economics is less critical of neoclassical economics. It is a consequence of their tendency to interpret rationality in a constructivist spirit. But it is worth emphasizing the important common feature connecting both schools of behavioral economics with institutional economics. Institutionalism and the old school of behavioral economics emphasize the role of institutions from the cognitive, normative, and regulatory perspectives. The new behavioral economics adopts a normative conception of rationality close to that of neoclassical economics, but strongly accentuates the contextual character of human knowledge and behavior, i.e. one of the fundamental principles of the Kahneman school is framing decisions. There is an analogy between how social institutions on the one hand, and the formulation of the problem on the other affect the decisions of the individual. An architecture of choice is created as a result of the activities of private entities and governments. The advocates of libertarian paternalism are conscious of the threat stemming from the fact that cognitive deficiencies affect not only individuals as private entities, but also individuals as regulators and experts, hence their caution with respect to regulatory solutions. Behavioral economics as well as institutional economics both show various aspects and the complexity of the problem of coordination and regulation in a social system. The development of these two streams of economic thought reflects a return to a more balanced approach, both with respect to the assumptions of economic theory as well as with respect to reaching political conclusions based on economic theory.
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 4 (25); 24-41
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mainstream economics versus heterodox economics – between dispute and dialogue
Autorzy:
Kiełczewski, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
mainstream economics
heterodox economics
reductionism
pluralism
Opis:
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to highlight the differences between mainstream and heterodox economics and essence of the dispute between them, as well as to indicate that this dispute results from attachment to a reductionist Cartesian research approach. Research method – The work utilises a review and analysis of the literature on the subject, deductive and inductive inference, as well as a linguistic descriptive method and tabular summaries. Results – The author concludes that the contemporary discussion between economic trends can be reduced to a confrontation of two reductionisms in the perception of economics: individualistic and objective, as well as social and normative. Breaking this methodological limitation provides an opportunity to search for pluralistic (integrated) economic positions in the future. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Awareness of methodological aspects of the dispute between economic trends. Indication of the possibility of building pluralistic and integrated positions. Usefulness in building economic theory. Awareness of the need for diversity in economic research.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2020, 2(100); 121-131
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does Profit Still Matter? The Implementation of Buddhist Ideas to Contemporary Business: Theory and Practice
Autorzy:
Tusińska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Buddhism
Buddhist economics
Buddhist enterprise
heterodox economics
mainstream economics
social enterprise
Opis:
The subject matter of this paper is Buddhist economics in theory and practice. The goal is to point out the main concepts of Buddhist economics, which is different from Western mainstream economics, and then explain how applying Buddhist teachings to business can possibly improve societal well-being and the condition of the natural environment. The main contribution of the article is twofold. Firstly, it aims to plumb the literature to identify characteristics of Buddhist economics, which is a relatively new field. Secondly, it compares Buddhist enterprises to relatively well-known social enterprises, showing the main differences between them. “Buddhist ideas in practice” are illustrated by examples of such companies as Benefit System or Patagonia. The main conclusion is that money and wealth are allowed in Buddhism, but religion reminds people not to become attached to their possessions and to share them with others. Examples described in the paper lead to an awareness that economic activity can be a means to a noble life. New criteria of assessment of business success including social engagement and care for the environment should be created. Thus, deep institutional changes which redefine the roles and duties of business would be required. The paper is based on literature, documents and online sources. The research methods used are the critique of literature covering the subject matter, comparative analysis and elements of case studies.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja; 2020, 16, 1; 388-400
2083-3296
2449-9048
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economics Imperialism and some of its Unintended Consequences
Autorzy:
Kucz, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-04-26
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
economics imperialism
neoliberalism
commercialization
values in economics
definition of economics
Opis:
Studying the problem of the invisible hand may be very insightful, but also it brings up some dangers. As an ethicist, I would like to mention one very important axiological danger that occurs in some studies conducted by social scientists on the market especially linked to the invisible hand assumption. It is a danger of moral reductionism that results from assumption that rules of invisible hand are scientific laws. We might say that economic imperialism is not anything special. It is popular that when a scholar develops good theory, he tries to apply it to the widest possible range of phenomena, but in most cases, he is put in his place by fellow scientists. Economists, surprisingly, succeeded in widening the scope of their investigation without any loud objections. In my paper, I would like to explore the idea that economic imperialism is a leading paradigm in many spheres of science which has resulted in unintended social consequences. If we want to overcome this paradigm, we need to start with redefining, reinventing, revaluing the language we use.
Źródło:
Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education; 2016, 6; 14-29
2392-0890
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza instytucji i zmian instytucjonalnych A. Allana Schmida
A. Allan Schmid’s analysis of institutions and institutional change
Autorzy:
Dzionek-Kozłowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
institutional economics
behavioural economics
A. Allan Schmid
Opis:
In recent decades there is a growing tendency in economics to question some concepts or even the whole paradigm dominant in economic science in the last century. Financial crisis which led to a considerable downturn in the economy in 2008−2009 has acted as an additional incentive to intensify this tendency. The debatable approach is known as neoclassical theory or neoclassical economics. The fact needs to be emphasised that a widening circle of critically-oriented scholars does not contend itself with pointing at the weaknesses of neoclassical economics. Their disapproval is accompanied by the attempts to establish a new analytical framework which would be free from the drawbacks of neoclassical theory and that can provide an alternative model of explaining the phenomena and processes taking place on economic level of social life. Researchers classified to institutional and behavioural economics, which still remains on the fringes of the orthodox approach, are particularly active in making the efforts of this kind. The aim of the article is to draw attention of Polish readers to the concept of A. Allan Schmid presented in his book entitled Conflict and Cooperation: Institutional and Behavioral Economics. Schmid’s work seems to be a significant step towards developing an alternative model of analysing economic phenomena and processes. The other point that is worth noticing is the fact that his concept has some interesting didactic values and could be recommended as an excellent supplementary item to a reading list proposed for economics courses. Relying on the ground of the New Institutional Economics (NIE), Schmid emphasis an interrelatedness between institutions and human behaviour. The fundamental significance of human behaviour for shaping institutions justifies invoking to scientific achievements of behavioural economics. Schmid tries to establish a model that could be applied not only to the analysis of an impact and significance of particular institutions on economic performance, but also to grasp the factors which seem to be important for changes in institutional structures. His solution is based on a three-stages model called SSP (situation – structure – performance). The first step consists in the delimitation of introductory conditions, the next is an analysis of institutional structure and the purpose of the last phase is to consider how this structure affects an allocation of benefits and losses of economic entities. The scheme is then consequently used for the analysis of a number of issues discussed in contemporary economic theory. Schmid competently avails himself of the concepts and conclusions expressed by the representatives of institutional and behavioural economics, which is understandable when his aim is taken into consideration. By so doing, Schmid not only shows complementarity of those two trends, but his approach, despite some weaknesses, could be treated also as a prolegomena to the synthesis of institutional and behavio
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 4 (25); 42-53
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radical constructivism and methodology of economics
Metodologia ekonomii z perspektywy radykalnego konstruktywizmu
Autorzy:
Scheuer, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
methodology of economics
rhetoric of economics
constructivism
Opis:
The rhetorical approach to the methodology of economics is usually considered to be radical. In fact, compared with a strictly modernist orthodoxy, demand attention almost exclusively on the quality of the argumentation, would mean quite far-reaching change in the perception of economics as a science. However, if we consider the possibility of applying constructivist approach to methodological discourse in economics (and this attempt has been made to this Article), it may be that the issues previously taken for granted (such as the formation of the theory and its relationship to economic reality) will be required to profound redefinition.
Podejście retoryczne w metodologii ekonomii zazwyczaj traktowane jest jako niezmiernie radykalne. Faktycznie, w porównaniu do ściśle modernistycznej orientacji obecnej w głównym nurcie, postulat, by w dyskursie zwracać prawie wyłącznie uwagę na jakość formułowanych argumentów i ich perswazyjną siłę, wydaje się dość daleko idącą zmianą. Jednak jeśli dyskurs ów podda się analizie z perspektywy konstruktywistycznej, okaże się, iż zakres zmian mógłby być znacznie bardziej radykalny, a w konsekwencji, że całkowitemu przewartościowaniu musiałoby ulec postrzeganie tak fundamentalnych kwestii, jak sposób powstawania teorii i jej relacja z tym, co określa się mianem rzeczywistości gospodarczej.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej we Wrocławiu; 2012, 28; 9-18
1643-7772
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Slight Crisis of Mainstream Economics?
Autorzy:
Garbicz, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
neoclassical economics
theory of economics
competition
risk
Opis:
Is the neoclassical economic paradigm obsolete? For the past two decades huge number of new ideas and concepts in economic theory have emerged, so it seems that economics have reached a methodological turning point. The need for close interdisciplinary cooperation in researching subjects that have always been in the centre of interest by economists becomes evident.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2010, 1, 2; 35-41
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inequality in Economics: The Concept, Perception, Types, and Driving Forces
Autorzy:
Jabłoński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-25
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
inequality
classification
mainstream economics
heterodox economics
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to overview the research on inequalities in economics. The paper is based on mainstream and heterodox economic theories and approaches addressing inequality and its economic interdependence. Methodology: Due to its positive and normative nature, inequality is a complex concept that eludes precise definition. The available application of mainstream and heterodox approach to study inequality and its economic interdependence allows for the identification of various components of inequality. Classifications that fall within the mainstream economics especially reveal less numerous and often even different types of inequalities compared to heterodox approaches. Moreover, what determines within-country inequality is the number of driving forces related to the factual and regulatory sphere of an economy. Findings: This study does not exhaust the general debate over inequality in economics. The question remains about the state of research dedicated to the outcomes of inequality, for instance, perceived in its dynamic and historical perspective. Moreover, there emerges a need to overview the theoretical and empirical research dedicated to inequality in terms of not only its driving forces but also economic outcomes.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2019, 27(1); 17-43
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Imperializm ekonomii
Economics imperialism
Autorzy:
Murak, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570124.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
economics imperialism
theory of economics
social science
methodology of economics
unification
Opis:
In this paper we present the economics imperialism as an attempt to unify social sciences to the theory of economics. We show a lot of definitions of this phenomenon which are proposed in literature, but we point out that to some extent all highlight the issues of crossing of traditional boundaries of economics. Therefore, the definitions often accentuate an aggressive character of this process. In the next step, we present factors which allowed the emergence of the economics imperialism, such as the definition of economics proposed by Robbins, definitions of other social sciences and political factors. However, in the opinion of lot of researchers it was the unification of the science idea, as one of the “purest” goals of the scientific theorizing which was the most important. The influence of the last factor was reinforced also by the failure in finding of microfundaments of macroeconomics, that means internal unification of the economics. Trying to find an evidence of their advantage over heterodox schools, orthodox economists using tools, assumptions and methods which were characterisitc for them, started to analyse different non-market behaviours of people. We also distinguish two criteria of economics imperialism division. The first criterion concerns the subject of research or, in other words, a level of an analysis, so we distinguish the “into” and the “outside” economics imperialism. The aim of the “into” economics imperialism is to depart from traditional economic units and the analysis what these units are composed of and how they function, whereas the “outside” imperialism studies the phenomena of making decisions, which are not directly related to formal markets. The second criterion distinguishes the economics imperialism on the basis of methodologies. The old economics imperialism (the name of which arises from the fact that it was chronologically first, but this type of research is being continued) uses a methodology of the neoclassical economics, with the assumption of stability of preferences or effectiveness and market balance. Thus all areas of life are analysed as if they were markets. The main representative is G.S. Becker, who analyzed law this way. On the other hand the new economics imperialism is related to new institutional economics and its methodological approach. Thus, different behaviours of people are treated as a response to imperfections of markets. The main advocate of this approach is B. Fine. In the last part of the work we show that despite some success of economics imperialism such as finding new correlations or explaining some behaviours, it is criticised. Most of the criticism is related to the lack of satisfying the conditions of reasonable unification of science according to which first, a new, unified theory should explain all problems, which are explained by earlier theories and, second, phenomena which are discussed by this theory should result from the impact of the same real factors on them. Thus, t
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 3(3); 113-126
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Współczesna koncepcja homo socio-oeconomicus
The Modern Concept of Homo Socio-Oeconomicus
Autorzy:
Wojcieska, Lucyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/590101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Ekonomia
Ekonomia behawioralna
Homo oeconomicus
Behavioral economics
Economics
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present the modern concept of homo sociooeconomicus which was created in response to the inadequacy of the concept of homo oeconomicus. Presented model was created from the concept of homo oeconomicus and homo sociologicus. Also shows features of both of these models. As a result of a critical analysis of the literature concluded that homo socio-oeconomicus, who is both an individual unit and part of the community, make rational decisions that are limited economic and non-economic factors such as for example social norms. This model, which was developed as a result of appreciation of sociology as an auxiliary science of economics is helpful in explaining market behavior of modern man. Calls for the inclusion of other social sciences to the study of economic.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 180 cz 1; 240-248
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomia personalistyczna jako próba integracji etyki i ekonomii na gruncie idei osoby
Personalist Economics as an Attempt to Integrate Ethics and Economics on the Basis of the Idea of a Person
Autorzy:
Drobny, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965200.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
personalist economics
ethics
economics
A13
Z12
Opis:
The aim of the paper is an attempt to show that the personalist economy – by referring to the idea of a person, containing and expressing all the dimensions of being human in relation to the world of people and things – provides the ability to integrate issues of ethics and economics. To achieve this goal, first, the concept of personalist economics will be presented. Then, ideas common for economics and the ethics of space, which can be a basis for integrating their issues, will be identified and characterized. Finally, the author tries to present the consequences which may result from such an integration, both for the economy as a science and as a practice of everyday life.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diversification of Institutional Economics
Autorzy:
Staniek, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
institutional economics
institutionalism
neoclassical economics
social sciences
Opis:
In the article the author intends to provide a selective, yet fairly comprehensive review of historical roots and trends of Institutional Economics. Institutional Economics is not an integrated theory based on a set of common hypotheses, but rather a combination of various elements coming from different traditions and different social sciences. However, despite diversity there is a central tenet of both the 'old' and the 'new' institutionalism: that institutions matter in shaping economic performance and economic behavior. Economic processes do not take place outside of the historical or social context; they take place within given institutions. The author attempts to classifying different views concerning these issues and explain how institutional economics relates to neoclassical economics and other social sciences.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2010, 1, 1; 89-116
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O zapowiedzi końca leseferyzmu przedstawionej w pamflecie J.M. Keynesa
The end of laissez faire presented in J.M. Keynes’s pamphlet
Autorzy:
Giza, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/588740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Ekonomia
Keynesizm
Liberalizm
Economics
Keynesian economics
Liberalism
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza idei końca leseferyzmu na przykładzie pamfletu J.M. Keynesa przedstawionego w 1926 r. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę rekonstrukcji głównych argumentów za ograniczeniem wolności gospodarczej formułowanych na początku XX w. Zgodnie z przyjętą tezą, argumentacja zaprezentowana przez J.M. Keynesa w głównej mierze ma charakter etyczno-normatywny. Jest ona ukierunkowana na poszukiwanie nowych rozwiązań instytucjonalnych, mogących uzyskać szeroką aprobatę społeczną.
The aim of the study is to analyze the idea of the end of laissez-faire on the example of J.M. Keynes’s pamphlet, which was presented in 1926. The paper attempts to reconstruct the main arguments for the restriction of economic freedom formulated at the beginning of the 20th century. According to the accepted thesis, the arguments presented by J.M. Keynes are primarily ethical and normative. It focuses on searching new institutional solutions that can gain broad social approval.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2018, 349; 67-75
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ethical considerations in solving economic problems
Autorzy:
Komorowski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18104652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-15
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Tematy:
ethical economics
behavioural economics
corporate culture
globalisation
moral relativism
Opis:
The article addresses the issue of ethics in business. The positive attitude to ethics declared by some liberal economists confronts business units with new dilemmas. The economic conflicts, wars, and pandemic crisis treated as a challenge for economic recovery highlight the ethical side of choices. In this way, individualistic rationality is confronted with multilateral benefits. The relation between ethical norms and economic criteria considers the point of view respecting human participation in the process of managing a business. As a consequence, ignorance of ethics in business as a concept of applied ethics, which means ethical relativism, leads man to a crisis of values depriving the system of the liberal economy of a sense of orientation and thus hindering the search for rational solutions.Ethics introduces a personalistic dimension to economic considerations associated with an individual responsibility coming from respect for human values and dignity. In the social aspect, compliance with ethics is acondition of mutual acceptance, cooperation, and bonding within the community. Ultimately, the place of ethics in economics is a consequence of the relationship of economics with humans and, at the same time, the attitude of individuals to ethics. Paying more attention to ethical issues serves the humanisation of economic relations, displaces business egotism, and awakens the tendency to cooperate by seeking the common good.
Źródło:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences; 2022, 46; 33-49
1899-8968
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in the global art market
Autorzy:
Bialynicka-Birula, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19081050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
art market
art economics
art
market analysis
cultural economics
Opis:
Research background: The dynamics of the art market are usually presented in terms of price fluctuations, price indexes and financial returns. This paper proposes the value and volume approach, which has not been considered in an aggregative way for a long time in the economic literature. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to present changes in the global art market in the period 2002-2015. The results of dynamic analysis of the art market are presented, including two approaches: value of transactions and volume of transactions. The impact of the global crisis on the art market is considered. Methods: In order to present the changes on the global art market, statistical indexes of dynamics (single base and chain indexes) are used. Moreover, trend analyses have been conducted for the value and volume of transactions on the art market. The sources of data on the global art market are from Artprice, ArtTactic, and TEFAF (The European Fine Art Foundation). Findings & Value added: In the analysed period of 2002-2015, sales on the global art market generally increased. The value and volume of sales peaked in 2007 and 2014. The art market was considerably affected by the economic recession in 2009, but in the next year it recovered. The trend analyses allow the changes on the market to be described by means of mathematical functions, and the countries with the largest share in the global art market can be identified. Particular attention has been paid to the existence of a triad on the art market consisting of Europe, the USA and China. It is noteworthy that Europe and the USA have rapidly lost market share to China.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2018, 9, 4; 695-714
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pojęcie lichwy w ekonomii islamskiej
A Question of Usury in Islamic Economics
Autorzy:
Bukowski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Islamic banking
Islamic economics
interest-free economics
riba
usury
Opis:
The concept of Islamic economics as a coherent economic and financial system basically does not exist. Some authors take it, however, for simplicity, under-standing by this description any entities and legal regulations, mainly in the financial markets, driven – either declaratively or in fact – on the principles derived from religious precepts of Islam. The emphasis is put on so-called inter-est-free banking, which involves the concept of usury (riba). By referring to the essence of Islamic economics, the author shows the dif-ferences and similarities between "interest-free" Islamic banking and conven-tional banking (Western-style). It turns out that the differences are almost exclu-sively at the level of declarations and similarities that arise from attempts to circumvent religious regulations, as in the riba, are much more numerous than it might seem. They result from the need to fuse Islamic finances with global fi-nancial markets, which at least at the point of contact eliminates the capability of maintaining the autonomy of the local banking system. In addition, interest-free Islamic banking development meets an obstacle in the shape of the market pres-ence of conventional banks, which are its natural ideological competition. Thus, although the Islamic Development Bank estimates the size of the market of the Islamic system of financial services in 2015 at between 2 to 8 trillion dollars, one seems to be entitled to conclude that, in practice, between Islamic economics and capitalist economies of the West, at least in terms of banking services, the dif-ferences are purely semantic, and both Western and Islamic deposit, credit and investment products are in fact identical.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2014, 17, 3; 43-52
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
HOW MAINSTREAM ECONOMISTS EXPLAIN (OR NOT) UNEMPLOYMENT?
Autorzy:
HUSSON, MICHEL
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
unemployment
mainstream economics
The Phillips curve
NAIRU
Keynesian economics
Opis:
One of the tasks assigned to mainstream economists is to legitimize the significance of unemployment. This paper aims to reconstruct the evolution of their approaches from the theoretical impossibility asserted by Pigou to the recognition of involuntary unemployment by Keynes and eventually to different versions of the natural unemployment rate. The unemployment rate had become an instrument for fine-tuning of the economy, but it no longer fulfills this role. It is then the whole dominant macroeconomics that is shaken to its foundations. But this crisis might help to return to expansionary fiscal policies (a Green New Deal) and to the Job Guarantee, thus echoing Keynes’ question: ‘There is work to do; there are men to do it. Why not bring them together?’
Źródło:
Society Register; 2019, 3, 2; 21-37
2544-5502
Pojawia się w:
Society Register
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identity economics and higher education
Autorzy:
Wysocki, Tomasz
Dziedzic, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
identity economics
economics of education
higher education
norms
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to propose a hypothesis explaining the rather surprising choices of Polish prospective students, who prefer to study fields that do not entail a high salary in the future over those that increase the likelihood of getting a well-paid job. Our hypothesis says that one of the causes of such decisions is a norm that says that a person who did not study is less worthy than a college graduate. In order to explicate this hypothesis in detail, we use the framework of identity economics.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2013, 3(41); 95-103
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomia jako nauka o celowym działaniu. Paradygmat szkoły austriackiej oraz krytyka keynesizmu i monetaryzmu
Economics as praxeology. The paradigm of the austrian school of economics and the critique of keynesian economics and monetarism
Autorzy:
Mrowiec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Austrian School of Economics
praxeology
Keynesian economics
monetarism
Opis:
The article presents key assumptions of the research paradigm of the Austrian School of Economics (ASE), pointing to their logical cohesion and interdependence, and then highlights the key differences between ASE and Keynesian economics and monetarism. The article starts with methodological considerations; in ASE approach economics is praxeology, a science of purposeful human action, and methodological individualism – looking at economic actions from the point of view of the acting man – is a basic feature of the Austrian method. The axiom of purposeful action is extended using verbal deduction, which allows to build a whole system of economic statements. The ASE approach to economic goods, and their role in the economic system is highlighted then, which leads to the conclusion that in a free, unhampered market economy the key determinant of allocation of resources and income in the economy are decisions of the consumer. The key elements of the Mises monetary theory are then discussed, including the regulatory role of interest rate. These considerations lead to displaying of mechanics of Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT), where the key driving force behind business fluctuations are interventions into the regulatory mechanism of interest rate via credit expansion. The following part of the text highlights the key similarities and differences between ASE and economics of Keynes and monetarism. The key critique of ASE vs. Keynes’ theory regards the interest rate mechanism (concept of liquidity preference), which – in his theory - was devoid of its role of intertemporal coordination. Another point of critique is too high a level of aggregation (of economic data), which – according to Hayek (as well as many other members of ASE) does not allow to see critically important interdependencies in economic phenomena. The critique of monetarism is based on Bellante and Garrison, who pointed to numerous similarities between the two approaches, which stem from putting monetary considerations in the center of attention. When it comes to the differences, monetarism puts different mechanism of monetary impulse’s impact on the economy. It is hard for conclusive, quantitative verdict on the merits of these methodologies, due to lack of relevant statistical data. The article concludes with pointing out to the elements of ASE paradigm that could be especially interesting in the context of the current economic crisis, as well as in the context of crisis in ”mainstream” economic theory. According to the author of this article, methodological individualism of ASE could be a very interesting concept. One example of that could be the development of “economics of complexity”, which perceives acting agents in a way which is very similar to ASE, and at the same time shares several other key methodological assumptions.
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 3 (24); 11-25
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economics of oil pumpkin seed production
Ekonomika produkcji oleju z nasion dyni
Autorzy:
Nabradi, A.
Hajnalka, M.
Lapis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/868362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
Tematy:
economics
production economics
oil
pumpkin seed
oil production
Opis:
Regulations of new CAP reforms moving from product to producer support and now to a more land based approach. This is in response to the challenges facing the sector, many of which are driven by factors that are external to agriculture. These have been identified as economic, environmental and territorial. To achieve these long-term goals, the existing CAP instruments had to be adapted. The reform therefore focused on the operational objectives of delivering more effective policy instruments, designed to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and its sustainability over the long term. Accordingly there is a great need to restructure the formal crop rotation and to introduce new alternative crops as food industrial crops and vegetables. Both cases have high invested special asset and manual work requirement. This paper as a case study gives an analysis of oil pumpkin seed production, which serves as an example of economic and technological planning a formal crop production farm over 100 hectares. The new crop was introduced as a possibility to face with diversification under the new CAP regime of greening. The economic analysis covers five years of production and financial data on the basis of the given crop rotation.
Przeprowadzono analizę ekonomiczną opłacalności produkcji oleju z nasion dyni uprawianej na powierzchni ponad 100 ha. Uprawa dyni na nasiona z przeznaczeniem na produkcję oleju została wprowadzona jako dywersyfikacja produkcji w ramach wymagań zazieleniania wspólnej polityki rolnej. Analizy dotyczyły danych za 5 lat i objęły lata 2010-2014.
Źródło:
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu; 2015, 17, 6
1508-3535
2450-7296
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A synthesis of evolutionary and behavioural economics
Autorzy:
Polowczyk, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
evolutionary economics
behavioural economics
evolutionary paradigm
Adam Smith
Opis:
The article presents the current state of evolutionary economics against the backdrop of changes related to the potential use of the achievements of other social sciences, in particular psychology, as well as dynamically developing neuroscience. The article suggests a synthesis of evolutionary and behavioural economics concepts as a logical consequence of evolutionary cooperation processes in social sciences. Interdisciplinary initiatives create new perspectives on generation synergy effects for all participants. Contemporary evolutionary economists present the nature of ongoing innovation-driven economic change as a long evolutionary process. The main creator of the econosphere as a global system is a man–entrepreneur who is also the result of evolutionary processes. For this reason evolutionary economics should take into account the results of behavioural economics’ research based on modern psychology and neuroscience. The cornerstone of evolutionary and behavioural economics synthesis are the theories of Adam Smith which should be regarded as his holistic intellectual heritage.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 3; 16-34
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recenzja książek Statystyka opisowa. Przykłady i zadania oraz Wzory i tablice. Metody statystyczne i ekonometryczne
Autorzy:
Dziechciarz, Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
review
economics
statistics
Opis:
Recenzja książek Statystyka opisowa. Przykłady i zadania oraz Wzory i tablice. Metody statystyczne i ekonometryczne
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2015, 2 (48); 126-130
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dialogiczny charakter wymiany w ujęciu ekonomii personalistycznej
Dialogical nature of exchange in terms of personalist economics
Autorzy:
Drobny, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/468910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
ekonomia
dialog
wymiana
ekonomia personalistyczna
economics
dialogue
exchange
personalist economics
Opis:
Artykuł skoncentrowany jest na problemie dialogicznego wymiaru wymiany. Autor traktuje wymianę jako bardziej adekwatną dla nauki społecznej jednostkę analizy od decyzji, wokół której skoncentrowana jest ekonomia głównego nurtu. Artykuł ma dwa cele. Po pierwsze, jest próbą zwrócenia uwagi na negatywną funkcję współczesnej ekonomii, która koncentrując się na decyzji i na konstruowaniu zdepersonalizowanych, holistycznych struktur teoretycznych, traci z pola widzenia swój właściwy wymiar społeczny. Po drugie, jest próbą personalistycznego spojrzenia na wymianę jako rodzaj relacji międzyludzkich i ukazania jej dialogicznego charakteru poprzez odwołanie się do filozofii E. Lévinasa. Wychodząc od ekonomii personalistycznej jako teorii powinności działania ze względu na rozwój osoby, autor pokazuje wymianę jako formę dialogu, w której wyraża się wzajemna odpowiedzialność za siebie wymieniających się i która przez to ma wspólnototwórczy charakter. Wskazuje tym samym na wymianę jako na istotny warunek rozwoju osoby.
The article focuses on the problem of the dialogical dimension of exchange. The author treats the exchange as a unit of analysis more relevant to social science than the decision around which mainstream economics is concentrated. The article has two goals. Firstly, it is an attempt to draw attention to the negative function of modern economics, which focuses on decisions and the construction of depersonalized, holistic theoretical structures and loses its proper social dimension from view. Secondly, it is an attempt to look at the exchange of personalities as a kind of interpersonal relations and to show its dialogical character, by referring to the philosophy of E. Lévinas. Starting from the personalist economics as a theory of the duty of action due to the development of the person, the author shows the exchange as a form of dialogue in which mutual responsibility for each other has its expression and which thus has a communityforming character. It indicates the exchange as an important condition for the development of the person.
Źródło:
Prakseologia; 2019, 161; 115-140
0079-4872
Pojawia się w:
Prakseologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Free Trade Zone And Their Role In Economic Development (Comparative Analysis Of The Ukrainian And Jordanian Experience)
Autorzy:
Shalamai, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
free trade zone
contemporary economics
development
international economics
Jordan
Ukraine
Opis:
This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the functioning of special economic zones in Aqaba, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and Ukraine. The work gives the concept and classification of the Free trade zones (FTZ), reflects the goals of creating zones and their purpose. The main goal of the work is to study the features of FTZs in Jordan and Ukraine and determine what experience Ukraine can gain from Jordan to optimize the work of the Ukrainian FTZs. During the research we grounded that Ukraine has essential resource opportunities, such as: natural resources, working capital, and geographical location compared to Jordan, which despite of all the obstacles could implement ASEZ and gradually improve its economy. Jordanian experience proves that the desire of a strong Leader and his loyal team, despite of the concentration of hot points all around the borders, unstable political relationship with its neighbors, high refugees inflow definitely led to the deterioration of economic situation in the country. A large stock of foreign debt, insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, high level of unemployment – succeeded in its effective implementation of ASEZ and overcame all the severities. Thus, hopefully this research might inspire the Ukrainian leaders to promote the development of Ukrainian FTZs in order to prosper our economy and improve the standard of living.
Źródło:
MIND Journal; 2019, 8; 1-14
2451-4454
Pojawia się w:
MIND Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przyczynowość w ekonomii. Najnowsze badania i nierozwiązane problemy
Causation in Economics. The Most Recent Analyses and the Unsolved Problems
Autorzy:
Maziarz, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
-
causation
the philosophy of economics
recent research
causation in economics
Opis:
The main aim of my article is indicating the unsolved research problems connected to causation in the area of the philosophy of economics. First, I briefly define causation and discuss two most notable approaches, i.e. the realist theory of causation and the instrumentalist theory of causation. Second, I review the most recent researches focused on the problem of causation in economics. Third, I discuss a number of case studies. On the grounds of comparison of the research practice of economists and the current issues undertaken by the philosophers of economics, I conclude that there is a gap between the research practice and the normative methodological analyses and indicate the research questions that need to be answered.
-
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem istoty i pomiaru dobrobytu
The problem of the essence and measurement of well-being
Autorzy:
Rybka, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
well-being
welfare
quality of life
economics
philosophy of economics
Opis:
Well-being is becoming an increasingly popular issue in economics. The aim of the article is to present the concept of well-being and the methods of its measurement and to examine the statistical significance between the results obtained by specific indicators. The article was written based on the meta-analysis of the books and scientific papers on the subject, as well as well-being and welfare measurement reports. The study shows that there is a very wide range of theories and concepts related to well-being which are sometimes exceptive. The most important conclusion from the study is that the correlation between welfare and well-being represented respectively by GDP and HDI is very strong, while the correlation between welfare and life satisfaction as well as well-being and subjective well-being are negligible.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2019, 67; 203-248
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowa ekonomia instytucjonalna a zmiany paradygmatu rozwoju gospodarczego
New institutional economics and a paradigm shift in economic development
Autorzy:
Legiędź, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
new institutional economics
economic development
development economics
economic policy
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to identify potential sources of failure of the development of economics and new institutional economics in solving problems of economic development, and to present arguments that development economists use the simplified concept of institutions. For this reason they recommend economic policies that do not include the complexity of the process of institutional change. The first part of the article is devoted to outline the current state of research on economic development in the new institutional economics. The elements of the institutional theory of economic change are presented here. The second part presents the impact of the new institutional economics on dominant discourse on economic development, and how the development consensus has evolved. The new consensus has strong institutional character, but in fact, this institutional analysis is quite different from the analysis of the new institutional economics. The third part of the article shows how development economists use institutional analysis in their research. Most of them use the simplified concept of institutions. The economics policy, that they recommend, assumes that institutions could be easily changed, if the local specificities were taken into account. Policy makers want clear guidelines that they could use in practice. New institutional economists often indicate that the process of economic development is complex and, therefore, economic policy would probably not be effective. Moreover there is no workable general theory of institutions available to us. Therefore, it seems that in the case of solving problems of economic development, we should devote less attention to the general theory, and focus more on institutional microanalysis. In this way, it may be easier to create guidelines for a successful economic policy.
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 4 (25); 77-91
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can Normative Economics Be Convincing without the Notion of Well-Being?
Autorzy:
Kwarciński, Tomasz
Turek, Krzysztof M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2136017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
well-being
welfare
opportunity
capability
normative economics
positive economics
Opis:
In this article, we examine the notion of well-being in light of the relationship between positive and normative economics. Having identified four interrelationships between possible theoretical developments within the two fields, we propose a framework for the analysis of normative economic theories. The starting point for these considerations were competing stances on well-being proposed by neoclassical welfare economics, Robert Sugden, Amartya Sen, and Daniel Hausman.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2021, 29, 3; 37-61
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Femina oeconomica”, czyli o apoteoretycznej obecności kobiet w ekonomii
“Femina oeconomica”, or the Apotheoretical Presence of Women in Economics
Autorzy:
Krzyżanowska, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25399813.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-08-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
gender
economy
economics
public sphere
private sphere
feminist economics
Opis:
The present study deals with the problem of apparent absence of women from socioeconomic processes as well as from the related theoretical and methodological reflections within the field of economics. The article points to the fact that gender-related ideas as well as their relevance for women’s activity in the public sphere are central to undertaking issues of women participation in economy. It does so from the perspective of such trends of scholarly reflection as feminine economics as well as the more emancipation-oriented and inequality-centred feminist economics.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2013, 4(97); 171-193
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methodological challenges in social entrepreneurship – on the nexus of economics and management area
Autorzy:
Starnawska, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639425.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
SE, economics, management
Opis:
In this paper we make an attempt distinguishing challenges in SE research agenda in Polish and beyond. We identify what can impede the development of this area in Polish discourse These challenges vary in scope. They involve the dilemma between either economics or management as disciplinary settings. Also the understanding of social economy as such determines the chaos. Additionally, divergences in paradigms where researchers situate their research projects as well as variety and scarcity of available data on SE in the literature are important here. Most of all definitional debate of what entrepreneurship and so SE is determine the existing difficulties. We resume the discussion by returning to the interdisciplinary nature of the field and propose for further studies to be set in the area of management sciences.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2014, 2(26)
2084-3968
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The solar energy industry (PV) and its future
Autorzy:
Sadatian, S. Davood
Abolghasemi, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1189975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Photovoltaics
Energy economics
Opis:
In this article, we reviw to provide a measure of suitable discussions on the current situation and future potential of the economy of the photovoltaic system. In specially, we brifly review a wide and latest range of academic and industry literature in order to highlight the main factors and uncertainties of the future costs of PV. Our main results are that the LCOE in the photovoltaic industry metrics can be misgiving and therefore be applied with wariness, as we require careful declaration and clarity.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 52; 195-206
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Resource efficiency strategies based on the circular economy
Стратегии ресурсоэффективности на основе циркулярной экономики
Стратегії ресурсоефективності на засадах циркулярної економіки
Autorzy:
Nikolaienko, Artem
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Dnieprowski Uniwersytet Narodowy im. Ołesia Honczara
Tematy:
resource-efficiency
circular economics
level of economics
business model
development
strategy.
Źródło:
European Journal of Management Issues; 2019, 27, 3-4
2519-8564
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Management Issues
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The application of trend estimation model in predicting the average selling price of timber
Autorzy:
Adamowicz, Krzysztof
Górna, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
wood economics
forest economics
price forecast
prediction methods
trend estimation model
Opis:
The article analyzes the possibility of adopting trend estimation model to predict the average selling price of timber (CGUS). The study used information about the average selling prices of timber in chosen periods (2006-2017). The data concerning the actual CGUS was used to create a trend estimation model. The models and CGUS predictions were conducted based on three different time series encompassing 5-year periods. The predicted (CGUS) trend estimation in particular years was requested based on extrapolation, which exceeded the accepted set of information used in the study to create a trend estimation model. On the basis of the conducted study it was ascertained that the method of modeling linear trend estimation should be adopted in the price prediction process. The error assessment with which the linear function formulas are burdened, it was noticed that the value of the coefficient of residual variation was between 4.40% and 7.82%. It was also noticed that the linear modeling of CGUS trend estimation, despite unfavorable values of coefficient of determination and convergence, to some extent, can be viewed as an assistance tool in the decisionmaking process in the scope of predicting the height of the analyzed price. This view was supported by the achieved predictions which were verified with the actual prices of timber. The price difference between the actual and the predicted one was between -1.59 PLN to 2.27 PLN, and in relative terms the predictive error was between 0.83 to 1.15%. In our opinion the presented research process can constitute a reference point as a comparative element to verify the results for other, new price prediction models. The process of modeling timber prices should be extended by other predicators which are connected with forest market chain.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2020, 63, 206; 147-159
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PRO-INVESTMENT LOCAL POLICIES IN THE AREA OF REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS – SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE STRATEGIES USED BY COMMUNES
Autorzy:
Małkowska, Agnieszka
Głuszak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
public economics
real estate economics
policy mimicking
local policy instruments
clustering
Opis:
In the article we discuss the importance of the real estate related instruments used by local government to attract investment and stimulate local economic development. The article discusses economic literature related to public economics at the local government level, with the special emphasis put on the link between urban and real estate economics and development. In the empirical part of the paper, we analyze the results of the survey conducted at the local government level in Poland (Malopolska). There are two major research objectives: (1) to identify the scope of the real estate economic instruments used by the communes as part of their development policies’ strategies; (2) to examine the coexistence of certain types of instruments as part of the commune development strategies. To find relevant answers, both multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis are applied. Additionally, we discuss whether there are evidence of mimicking behavior in local development policies.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2016, 7, 2; 269-283
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efektywność ekonomiczna w ujęciu dynamicznym a sprawność systemu gospodarczego
Economic Effectiveness in the Dynamic Take and Efficiency of the Economic System
Autorzy:
Szudy, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/593464.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Ekonomia
Ekonomia dobrobytu
System gospodarczy
Economics
Economic system
Welfare economics
Opis:
In the article the economic effectiveness was described, paying special attention to its static and dynamic take and meaning for the appropriate description of the economic reality. The article critically presents a conception of static effectiveness and the welfare economics based on this concept. Essential dilemmas associated with the measurement and the evaluation of the economic effectiveness were shown. Moreover it is underlined, that the economic effectiveness in the dynamic take is an essential determinant of the efficiently functioning economic system.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 176; 22-29
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomia dobrobytu a państwo opiekuńcze - relacja przeszłości czy przyszłości?
Welfare Economics and Welfare State - Past or Future Relation?
Autorzy:
Czech, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/589028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Ekonomia
Ekonomia dobrobytu
Państwo opiekuńcze
Economics
Welfare economics
Welfare state
Opis:
The intention of this paper is to trace links between welfare economics and the concept of welfare state. We show that welfare of man, according to Vilfredo Pareto and Arthur Cecil Pigou, was a much wider notion than just economic one. It seems that, however, economists had chosen to follow the Pareto optimum principle in their research. It was also not welfare economics that triggered the construction of welfare states, but ideas and political motives. Yet nowadays the pursuit of efficacy and innovations changes the way that welfare policies are perceived. The approach becomes more instrumental instead of humane. It follows the Pareto improvement principle leaving distributional aspects to inconsequential considerations. It stands thus with clear relation to the concepts of welfare economics, but gradually detaches from the idea of human welfare.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 176; 56-64
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Causality and inference in economics: An unended quest
Autorzy:
Maziarz, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
causation
the philosophy of economics
recent research
causation in economics
Opis:
The aim of this article is to point to the unsolved research problems connected to causation in the philosophy of economics. First, the paper defines causation and discusses two notable approaches, i.e. the realist theory of causation and the instrumentalist theory of causation. Second, it offers a review the current research activity focusing on the problem of causation in economics. Third, it discusses several case studies. On the grounds of comparison of the research practice of economists and the current issues undertaken by the philosophers of economics, the paper concludes that there is a gap between the research practice and the normative methodological analyses and indicate the research questions that need to be addressed.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 5; 67-81
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Coming Together of Astronomy and Economics
Autorzy:
Knapowski, Roch
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
astronomy
economics
monetary policy
Opis:
The paper is an English translation of Skojarzenie się astronomii z ekonomią by Roch Knapowski published originally in Polish in Opuscula Casimiro Tymieniecki septuagenario dedicata in 1964. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Ad-ministration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 10; 455-476
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koszty absencji chorobowej i działania ją ograniczające
Cost of work-related sick absence and activities aimed at reducing it
Autorzy:
Pęciłło, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/181291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
praca
ekonomia
work
economics
Opis:
Z absencją chorobową wiążą się koszty, które ponoszą zarówno przedsiębiorstwa, jak i państwo. Jak wynika z danych Eurostatu, ok. 26% ogólnej absencji pracujących wynika z chorób związanych z pracą. Tymczasem polskie przedsiębiorstwa na ogół nie zdają sobie sprawy z ekonomicznych skutków absencji chorobowej związanej z pracą, a co za tym idzie nie uwzględniają na ogół zagadnień odnoszących się do zarządzania tą absencją w doskonaleniu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem i higieną pracy. Artykuł porusza problem ponoszonych przez przedsiębiorstwa kosztów absencji chorobowej związanej z pracą oraz wskazuje przykłady przedsiębiorstw, które zarządzając tą absencją uzyskały wymierne korzyści ekonomiczne.
Cost of sick absence is incurred by both enterprises and the society. According to Eurostat, 26% of sick absences result from work-related health problems. However, Polish enterprises are not aware of the economic consequences of work-related absence and, consequently, they do not incorporate absence issues in activities aimed at improving OSH management systems. This article touches on the cost of work-related absence incurred by enterprises and points to examples of companies that by managing that absence have obtained economic benefits.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2012, 9; 12-15
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INTERDYSCYPLINARNE SPOJRZENIE NA CZAS – MIĘDZY EKONOMIĄ A TEOLOGIĄ
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO TIME – BETWEEN ECONOMICS AND THEOLOGY
Autorzy:
Błąd, Marta
Kaczmarek, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
Time
Economics
Theology
Philosophy
Opis:
The article is an attempt at an interdisciplinary look at time. The concept of time is equivocal, and thus interpreted differently by various sciences. The presentation of time issue starts with the domain of economics, by describing time by means of using economic categories such as market, supply, demand, value, price, profit and loss. The economic analysis is concentrated around a question how much time costs, and how much free time costs. Further on the issue is presented from a philosophical perspective, followed by theological concepts of time. They all are linked by a reference to Christian understanding of time based on the person of Jesus Christ, who became “the fullness of time” and the centre of the history. The interdisciplinary analysis enables looking at time as an assignment, the taking of which by a man in his earthly life makes him open to the eternity.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2017, 19, 1; 73 - 90
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Użytecznosć w systemie etyki Johna Stuarta Milla
The Utility in the Ethics System of John Stuart Mill
Autorzy:
Kundera, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/589697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Ekonomia
Liberalizm
Economics
Liberalism
Opis:
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) liberal and utilitarianist, recognized utility (happiness) for the basic criterion of ethical behavior. Responsibility of the unit was increased prosperity, which required additional conditions: the liberal democratic state, guaranteeing the freedom and equality of opportunity and for the submission by the intellectual needs of material desires. J.S. Mill' thesis timeliness preserved till today.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 180 cz 1; 127-135
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawiedliwe nierówności a aksjologia ładu instytucjonalnego
Justice Inequalities and the Axiology of Institutional Order
Autorzy:
Woźniak, Michał Gabriel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
economics
ethics
global problems
Opis:
The author of article proves that in the era of the globalization the institutional order of national economy is influenced by the distorted competition which results in domination of the managers and technicians of great corporations. It is their businesses that define the economic policy. In the world of asymmetric information, oligopolistic competition, political market and progressive commercialization of the axiological sphere the rules of thinking and acting are merely reduced to the strategy of self-advantage. This situation results in ineffective institutional protection at the global, regional and national levels. To remove social inequalities effectively it is necessary to have control over the dominating groups in society and to develop coherent norms of institutional protection. There is also a need for the development of human capital and its modernization as a common notion of moral values of society and the individual.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Etyczne i ekonomiczne aspekty kategorii zasoby społeczne Stanisława Gąbińskiego
Ethical and Economic Aspect of the Stanisław Głąbiński’s Social Resources Category
Autorzy:
Szymański, Zdzisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
ethics
economics
Stanisław Głąbiński
Opis:
Stanisław Głąbiński (1862–1941) professor at the Lvov University, the author of a two volume work entitled „National economics” is a representative of the historical-national trend in Polish economics. The subject matter of his concept of national economics is the national economy which is a higher rank entity, encompassing all economic entities in the country that are related materially and spiritually. Bonds that link individuals into a higher rank entity, i.e. a nation, are reflected in the term ‘social resources’. Głąbiński understands them as moral and material heritage of past generations that influences attitudes of the contemporary generation. He divides them into moral and material resources, and especially emphasizes the importance of the former ones. In the concept of moral resources, Głąbiński included his claims concerning the whole socio-ethical conditions of economic processes. He appreciated the influence exerted by the changes in the ethical viewpoint of the society on the economic activity as well as on the shaping of the sense of duty towards the whole society. Special emphasis placed in Głąbiński’s economic theory on the role of ethical motives undoubtedly springs from the influence exerted by the German historical school and, in particular, by Bruno Hildebrand. It also is a result of the effect of Polish economic thought including in particular the views of Fryderyk Skarbek and Józef Supiński. According to Głąbiński, the most important constituent element of material resources was finance, understood by him as stocks of economic goods.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2010, 13, 2
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Game Theory in economics education
Autorzy:
Yevsyeyeva, Elena
Skafa, Olena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
game theory
zero-sum game
economics education
mathematics for business and economics
Opis:
The article is devoted to the application of skills gained by students in Mathematics for Business and Economics to solve problems of the game theory. An application of the entry game analysis is considered. A real-life problem is described which consists of the application of the zero-sum game to an auction situation, followed by finding the optimal solution with respective recommendations.
Źródło:
Didactics of Mathematics; 2016, 13(17); 39-52
1733-7941
Pojawia się w:
Didactics of Mathematics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preface
Autorzy:
Szarzec, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/692607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Poznań University of Economics and Business
Opis:
We have the pleasure of presenting to you the next issue of our journal “Research Papers in Economics and Finance” (REF), published by the Faculty of Economics at Poznań University of Economics and Business. Bearing in mind the highest level of our publications, we publish only the manuscripts which have passed at least two reviews under the “peer review” procedure, after initial verification by the Editorial Committee. The articles published within REF are available online in English and through open access. REF is a quarterly journal, with the fourth issue this year containing five papers.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2018, 2, 4; 5-6
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies