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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Effect of calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Photodecomposition of mono- and polyazo dyes in water
    Autorzy:
    Mozia, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779014.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    fotokataliza
    dwutlenek tytanu
    TiO2
    anataz
    wielkość krystalitów
    barwnik azowy
    photocatalysis
    titanium dioxide
    anatase
    rutile
    crystallite size
    azo dye
    Opis:
    The presented studies have focused on the influence of TiO2 properties, such as crystalline phase, crystallite size and surface area, on the effectiveness of degradation of azo dyes in water under UV irradiation. Two monoazo dyes: Acid Red 18 (AR18, C20H11N2Na3O10S3) and Acid Yellow 36 (AY36, C18H14N3NaO3S), and one polyazo dye Direct Green 99 (DG99, C44H28N12Na4O14S4) were applied as model compounds. The photocatalysts were prepared from a crude titanium dioxide obtained directly from the production line (sulfate technology) at the Chemical Factory "Police" (Poland). The crude TiO2 was calcinated in air for 1-4h at the temperatures ranging from 600 to 800°C. The BET specific surface area of TiO2 decreased gradually with increasing the calcination temperature. The crude TiO2 exhibited specific surface area of 277 m2/g. In case of the catalysts heated at 600, 700 and 800°C the BET surface area amounted to 62.3-53.3, 33.4-26.8 and 8.9-8.3 m2/g, for the calcination time of 1-4h, respectively. The crystallite size of anatase increased with increasing heat treatment temperature and ranged from 19 to 53 nm, for the temperatures of 600-800°C, respectively. The catalysts annealed at 600 and 700°C contained primarily anatase phase (94-97%), whereas the photocatalysts heated at 800°C were composed mainly of rutile (97-99%). The highest effectiveness of azo dyes degradation was obtained in case of the photocatalyst calcinated for 1h at 700°C. The photocatalyst was composed mainly of anatase (97%) with crystallite size of 27 nm. The most effectively photodegraded was AR18, having the molecular weight of 640.4 g/mol. The most difficult to degrade was AY36 exhibiting the lowest molecular weight from all the dyes used (375.4 g/mol).
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2008, 10, 3; 42-49
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of crystallite size and lattice deformations changes in an oxide layer on P91 steel
    Analiza zmian wielkości krystalitów i odkształceń sieciowych w warstwie tlenków na stali P91
    Autorzy:
    Gwoździk, M.
    Nitkiewicz, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350938.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    wielkość krystalitów
    stal P91
    warstwa tlenkowa
    crystallite sizes
    P91 steel
    oxide layers
    Opis:
    The paper contains results of studies on X-ray diffraction analysis XRD (studying the phase composition, crystallite sizes and lattice deformations) of oxide layers on P91 steel, operated for a long time at an elevated temperature (T = 535°C, t = 70,000 h). X-ray studies were carried out on the inner surface of a tube, and then the layer surface was polished down to 3.5 um and the diffraction measurements were performed again to determine individual oxide layers. It has been found that a three-zone oxide layer is formed as a result of long-term operation of P91 steel at the temperature of 535°C. Hematite occurs on the inner surface of the tube. Then magnetite appears below hematite. Going deeper into the layer there is a spinel, i.e. a mixture of magnetite and chromite. A visible decay of total intensity for Fe2O3 is observed already at the polishing depth of 3.5 um. In the case of Fe3O4 and FeCr2O4 an increase in total intensity is observed already from 7 um, what manifests in narrowing the diffraction line and hence in increasing the crystallites size and in the relaxation of stresses in this oxide layer. The broadening of a diffraction line caused by a small size of crystallites is expressed by the Scherrer relationship. Instead, the beta2 broadening resulting from lattice distortions (relaxation of stresses) was determined from the Taylor relationship.
    Praca zawiera wyniki badań dotyczących rentgenowskiej analizy dyfrakcyjnej XRD (badanie składu fazowego, wielkości krystalitów i odkształceń sieciowych) warstw tlenkowych na stali P91 długotrwale eksploatowanej w podwyższonej temperaturze (T=535 C, t=70000h). Badania rentgenograficzne przeprowadzono na powierzchni wewnętrznej rury, następnie powierzchnie warstwy spolerowywano na głebokość 3,5 um i ponownie wykonywano pomiary dyfrakcyjne w celu określenia poszczególnych warstw tlenkowych. Stwierdzono, ze w wyniku długotrwałej eksploatacji stali P91 w temperaturze 535 C powstaje trójstrefowa warstwa tlenków. Na powierzchni wewnętrznej rury występuje hematyt. Następnie poniżej hematytu pojawia sie magnetyt. Idąc dalej w głąb warstwy występuje spinel, tj. mieszanina magnetytu i chromitu. Widoczny zanik intensywności całkowitej dla Fe2O3 obserwuje się już na głębokości polerowania 3,5 um. W przypadku Fe3O4 i FeCr2O4 od 7 _m obserwuje się już wzrost intensywności całkowitej, co przejawia się zwężeniem linii dyfrakcyjnej, a tym samym zwiększeniem wielkości krystalitów i relaksacja naprężeń w tej warstwie tlenków. Poszerzenie linii dyfrakcyjnej spowodowane mała wielkością krystalitów wyraża się zależnością Scherrera. Natomiast zwężenie wynikające ze zniekształceń sieciowych (relaksacji naprężeń) wyznaczono z zależności Taylora.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 1; 31-34
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect Of Heat-Treatment On Microstructure And Magnetic Properties Of Nanocrystallized Mn-Zn Ferrite Powders
    Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na mikrostrukturę i właściwości magnetyczne nanokrystalicznych proszków ferrytu Mn-Zn
    Autorzy:
    Lee, W. H.
    Hong, C. S.
    Chang, S. Y.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351552.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high energy ball milling
    nanosized particles
    crystallite size
    magnetic properties
    frezowanie kulowe
    nanocząstki
    wielkości krystalitów
    właściwości magnetyczne
    Opis:
    The initial ferrite powders were subjected to high energy ball milling at 300rpm for 3h, and subsequently heat-treated at 573-1273K for 1h. Based on the observation of microstructure and measurement of magnetic properties, the heat-treatment effect was investigated. The size of initial powders was approximately 70μm. After milling, the powders with approximately 230nm in size were obtained, which were composed of the nano-sized particles of approximately 15nm in size. The milled powders became larger to approximately 550nm after heat-treatment at 973K. In addition, the size of particles increased to approximately 120nm with increasing temperature up to 973K. The coercivity of initial powders was almost unchanged after milling, whereas the saturation magnetization increased. As the heat-treatment temperature increased, the saturation magnetization gradually increased and the maximum coercivity was obtained at 773K.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 2B; 1347-1350
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Milling Time on the Crystallite Size of AlSi5Cu2/SiC Composite Powder
    Autorzy:
    Suśniak, M.
    Pałka, P.
    Karwan-Baczewska, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958211.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Al/SiC composites
    crystallite size determination
    mechanical alloying
    nanocomposite
    Scherrer equation
    X-ray diffraction
    Opis:
    AlSi5Cu2/SiC nanocrystalline composite powder was successfully obtained by mechanical alloying of AlSi5Cu2 chips with reinforcement of 0, 10, 15, 20 wt. % of silicon carbide. X-ray powder diffraction was used to characterize obtained material. Detailed analyses using transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been conducted in order to collaborate the grain size measurement determined from the XRD analyses. Powders produced in a planetary ball mill with milling time: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 hours, have shown shape and size evaluation during mechanical alloying process. It can be seen tendency to decrease the size of the grain as the milling time is increased. It is also noted that the grains of composites (AlSi5Cu2/SiC) are smaller than samples prepares without SiC addition. 40 hours of milling lead to formed very small grains of Al phase (20 nm in average) in composite powder.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2B; 977-980
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study on radiation-induced radicals giving rise to stable EPR signal suitable for the detection of irradiation in L-sorbose-containing fruits
    Autorzy:
    Guzik, G. P.
    Stachowicz, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146498.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    sorbose
    crystallite
    electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
    EPR
    irradiation
    Opis:
    The stable and complex EPR signals produced by the action of ionizing radiation on crystalline L-sorbose (C6H12O6) separated from rowan berries (Sorbus aucuparia) were studied. Isothermal heating of the samples at the temperature close to the melting point of L-sorbose (140°C) results in the modification and simplification of the EPR signal involved. In the EPR signal of heated L-sorbose, the isotropic quartet was distinguished. In the differential spectrum obtained by subtraction of normalized spectra of unheated and heated L-sorbose, the isotropic doublet was identified in addition. The DFT fitting offers the probable assignment of the EPR signals to specifi c radical structures.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 4; 461-465
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes of crystallite sizes in the oxide layer forming during long-term operation of 10CrMo9-10 steel
    Autorzy:
    Gwoździk, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298126.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    10CrMo9-10 steel
    oxide layer
    X-ray diffraction
    crystallite sizes
    Opis:
    The paper contains results of the studies on X-ray diffraction analysis XRD (studying the phase composition, crystallite sizes) of oxide layers on 10CrMo9-10 steel, operated for a long time at an elevated temperature (T = 525°C, t = 200,000 h). The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer on the inlet both on the fire and counter-fire side of the tube wall surface. X-ray studies were carried out on the outer surface of a tube, and then the layer surface was polished down and the diffraction measurements were performed again to determine crystallite size in oxide layers. Based on the width and the position of the main coat and substrate reflections, the size of the crystallites was determined using the Scherrer formula.
    Źródło:
    Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2017, 20(3); 289-296
    1505-4675
    2083-4527
    Pojawia się w:
    Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Properties and Structure of Nanocrystalline Layers Obtained by Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMA)
    Autorzy:
    Górka, J.
    Czupryński, A.
    Adamiak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nanocrystalline layer
    crystallite size
    manual metal arc welding
    deposit weld
    Opis:
    The present paper is the result of the investigations of the properties and structure of nanocrystalline layers deposited from iron-based nanoalloy on steel S355N substrate by manual metal arc welding method (MMA). In the process of welding a 100 A current intensity was used with desiccation preheating at 80°C while maintaining the interpass temperature at range of 200°C. The resultant deposit welds were subjected to macro and microscopic metallographic examination, X-ray phase analyses and crystallite size was analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), additionally EDX chemical composition analysis of precipitates during scanning electron microscopy was performed. Working properties of the obtained nanocrystalline deposit welds were evaluated based on hardness and metal-to-mineral abrasive wear. The results of the deposit welds working properties measurements were compared with the properties of wear resistant steel HARDOX 400 type used as the reference material.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1479-1484
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of crystallite size changes in a hematite and magnetite formed on steel used in the power idustry
    Autorzy:
    Gwoździk, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297993.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    10CrMo9-10 steel
    hematite
    magnetite
    X-ray diffraction
    crystallite sizes
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of studies on the crystallite sizes of oxide layer formed during a long-term operation on 10CrMo9-10 steel at an elevated temperature (T = 545° C, t = 200,000 h). This value was determined by a method based on analysis of the diffraction line profile, according to a Scherrer formula. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer and inner site on the pipe outlet, at the fire and counter-fire wall of the tube. X-ray studies were carried out on the surface of a tube, then the layer’s surface was polished and the diffraction measurements repeated to reveal differences in the originated oxides layer.
    Źródło:
    Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2018, 21(1); 65-73
    1505-4675
    2083-4527
    Pojawia się w:
    Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Milling Time on Formation of NiTi Alloy Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling
    Autorzy:
    Salwa, P.
    Goryczka, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354533.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    NiTi alloys
    high-energy ball milling
    crystallite size
    microstrain
    lattice parameters
    Opis:
    Mixture of nickel and titanium powders were milled in planetary mill under argon atmosphere for 100 hours at room temperature. Every 10 hours the structure, morphology and chemical composition was studied by X-ray diffraction method (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as electron transmission microscope (TEM). Analysis revealed that elongation of milling time caused alloying of the elements. After 100 hours of milling the powders was in nanocrystalline and an amorphous state. Also extending of milling time affected the crystal size and microstrains of the alloying elements as well as the newly formed alloy. Crystallization of amorphous alloys proceeds above 600°C. In consequence, the alloy (at room temperature) consisted of mixture of the B2 parent phase and a small amount of the B19’ martensite. Dependently on the milling time and followed crystallization the NiTi alloy can be received in a form of the powder with average crystallite size from 1,5 up to 4 nm.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1301-1307
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Milling Time on Formation of NiTi Alloy Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling
    Autorzy:
    Salwa, P.
    Goryczka, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352287.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    NiTi alloys
    high-energy ball milling
    crystallite size
    microstrain
    lattice parameters
    Opis:
    Mixture of nickel and titanium powders were milled in planetary mill under argon atmosphere for 100 hours at room temperature. Every 10 hours the structure, morphology and chemical composition was studied by X-ray diffraction method (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as electron transmission microscope (TEM). Analysis revealed that elongation of milling time caused alloying of the elements. After 100 hours of milling the powders was in nanocrystalline and an amorphous state. Also extending of milling time affected the crystal size and microstrains of the alloying elements as well as the newly formed alloy. Crystallization of amorphous alloys proceeds above 600°C. In consequence, the alloy (at room temperature) consisted of mixture of the B2 parent phase and a small amount of the B19' martensite. Dependently on the milling time and followed crystallization the NiTi alloy can be received in a form of the powder with average crystallite size from 1,5 up to 4 nm.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 1017-1022
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study on irradiated D-mannose isolated from cranberry
    Autorzy:
    Guzik, Grzegorz P.
    Stachowicz, Wacław
    Michalik, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    crystallite
    electron paramagnetic resonance
    EPR
    irradiation
    mannose
    Opis:
    The stable EPR signal produced by ionizing radiation in crystalline D-mannose (C6H12O6) and separated from cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus) was studied. The isothermal heating of irradiated sample at 95°C for 10 minutes (melting point of D-mannose is 132°C) resulted in the modifi cation and simplifi cation of the EPR signal involved. The isotropic quartet has been recognized in the EPR signal of heat-treated sample. Molecular structure of the isotropic quartet identifi ed in the complex EPR signal of D-mannose crystallite is proposed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2019, 64, 4; 139-143
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis and investigation of optical, structural, and morphological characteristics of nanostructured TiO2-ZnO thin films
    Autorzy:
    Yasir, Nagham Abdulameer
    Hlail, Alzubaidy Muneer
    Mohsin, Ali Kamel
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1070855.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Crystallite size
    Photocatalysis
    Sol–gel process
    Titanium dioxide
    X-Ray Diffraction
    Zinc oxide
    drop casting
    energy gap
    thin films
    Opis:
    TiO2-ZnO thin films have been prepared by using drop casting technique. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of nanostructured TiO2-ZnO thin films deposited by drop casting technique was studied by using several experimental techniques were used to characterize optical, structural, and morphological properties; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to study the crystal structures, the crystallite size, the dislocation density, and the number of crystallites per unit area of TiO2-ZnO thin films. The surface topography, surface roughness parameters, and average grain size for all samples were done by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) micrograph which confirm the existence of Nano-structured thin films. The optical energy gap of the TiO2-ZnO thin films was determined by using UV spectroscopy. It was found that one type of basic electrons transitions, through which the values of the optical energy gap for all the prepared thin films which are allowed direct transition.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2019, 123; 87-101
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mesoporous magnesium oxide xerogels : synthesis and structural characteristics
    Mezoporowate kserożele tlenku magnezu : synteza i właściwości strukturalne
    Autorzy:
    Malinowski, Janusz
    Pudło, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175684.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Inżynierii Chemicznej PAN
    Tematy:
    magnesium oxide
    xerogel
    sol-gel
    nanomaterials
    MgO crystallite
    tlenek magnezu
    kserożel
    zol-żel
    nanomateriały
    krystalit MgO
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of a study on the synthesis of magnesium oxide xerogels. In the synthesis, the sol-gel method was used, in which magnesium methoxide was applied as a magnesium precursor. The obtained magnesium hydroxide was subjected to the thermal dehydration process to obtain magnesium oxide particles. The influence of xylene addition during magnesium methoxide hydrolysis on the structure of the magnesium hydroxide and oxide was investigated.
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad syntezą cząstek kserożeli tlenku magnezu. W procesie syntezy zastosowano metodę zol-żel, w której wykorzystano metanolan magnezu jako prekursor tlenku magnezu. Otrzymany wodorotlenek magnezu poddano procesowi termicznej dehydratacji w celu otrzymania tlenku magnezu. Zbadano wpływ dodatku ksylenu na strukturę wodorotlenku i tlenku magnezu.
    Źródło:
    Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Chemicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk; 2021, 25; 33--43
    1509-0760
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Chemicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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