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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 79
Tytuł:
Austenit szczątkowy w stalach węglowych i stopowych
Retained austenite in carbon steels and alloy one
Autorzy:
Jeleńkowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/404605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo AWART
Tematy:
retained austenite
alloy steel
atermical kinetict
Opis:
W artykule omówiono niektóre z przyczyn obecności austenitu szczątkowego w stalach stopowych, fazy będącej ubocznym produktem przemiany martenzytycznej. Stale stopowe zawierają zawsze pewne ilości austenitu szczątkowego, więcej te spośród nich, w których austenit obok kinetyki atermicznej może się przemieniać izotermicznie w martenzyt. Niektóre z nich charakteryzują się unikatowym wpływem szybkości chłodzenia na stabilność austenitu. Nieprzemieniony, stabilizowany bardziej stopowy austenit rozmieszcza się na granicach ziaren.
Some problems of a presence of the retained austenite in the alloy steels, are disscused in the paper. The phase of aicidental product of the martensite transformation is also included into consideration. The alloy steel susually contains a carbon a certains amount of the retained austenite and that is more some of this can be isothermaly changed in martensite, independently near the atermical kineticts of austenite. Some a transformation can be characterized by original influence of the cooling speed on the austenite stability. Unchanged but stabilized alloy austenit eis located an the grain bondiers.
Źródło:
Obróbka Metalu; 2015, 1; 14-18
2081-7002
Pojawia się w:
Obróbka Metalu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using the Principles of Image Analysis in the Assessment of the Proportion of Retained Austenite in the Case Hardened Layers
Autorzy:
Váňová, P.
Sojka, J.
Kulová, T.
Jokešová, K.
Purtátor, P.
Spinu, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
retained austenite
carburized layers
image analysis
Opis:
Structures of carburized layers after the surface saturation process in gaseous, liquid or solid medium and after subsequent heat treatment (hardening and low-temperature tempering) consist mainly of high carbon plate martensite with a certain portion of retained austenite. The presence of retained austenite (RA) in carburized layers is mostly considered as undesirable because it decreases hardness of the hardened layer and furthermore, a spontaneous conversion to a ferritic-carbide mixture of a bainitic type, accompanied by a change of properties, dimensional instability and the local increase in internal stress with the possible formation of cracks, can occur. The proportion of retained austenite is, therefore, a significant characteristics of the quality of hardened layers. This work deals with the evaluation of the volume fraction of retained austenite in carburized layers using image analysis on metallographic images.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 577-580
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Austenite Grain Size Estimtion from Chord Lengths of Logarithmic-Normal Distribution
Autorzy:
Adrian, H.
Wiencek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
austenite grain size
linear section methods
modelling
Opis:
Linear section of grains in polyhedral material microstructure is a system of chords. The mean length of chords is the linear grain size of the microstructure. For the prior austenite grains of low alloy structural steels, the chord length is a random variable of gamma- or logarithmic-normal distribution. The statistical grain size estimation belongs to the quantitative metallographic problems. The so-called point estimation is a well known procedure. The interval estimation (grain size confidence interval) for the gamma distribution was given elsewhere, but for the logarithmic-normal distribution is the subject of the present contribution. The statistical analysis is analogous to the one for the gamma distribution.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2015-2019
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Delta Ferrite on the Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds
Autorzy:
Ghasemi, R.
Beidokhti, B.
Fazel-Najafabadi, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stainless steel
welding
delta ferrite
electron microscopy
austenite
Opis:
The dissimilar welds of AISI 304 to AISI 430 stainless steel was investigated by using gas tungsten arc welding. Three filler metals including ER309L, ER316L and ER2594 were applied. The weakest region of the welds was the heat affected zone of 430 stainless steel due to the formation of martensite. Also, the wide grain growth zone was observed in this side. The ferrite number for type 309L, 316L and 2594 weld metals was about 15, 32 and 57, respectively. The hardness and tensile strength values of the weld metals were higher than that of the heat affected zones and the base metals. The ferrite presented higher hardness values than the austenite in type 316L and 309L joints; while the hardness of austenite and ferrite was comparable in type 2594 weld metal.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 437-443
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Heat Treatment and Nickel Content on the Properties of the GX4CrNi13-4 Steel
Autorzy:
Kaňa, V.
Krutiš, V.
Bořil, P.
Záděra, A.
Rimko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
martensitic steel
retained austenite
mechanical properties
heat treatment
Opis:
For the EN GX4CrNi13-4 martensitic stainless steel, research was conducted to investigate the impact of the quenching intensity and the content of nickel on the mechanical properties and amount of retained austenite. It was found that the amount of retained austenite significantly increases with growing nickel concentration. On the other hand, the cooling rate at quenching makes a difference only if the cooling is intensive, then amount of retained austenite decrease. A higher nickel content improves the mechanical properties. With more intensive cooling, the tensile strength decreases while the yield strength increases. The ductility is not significantly affected by the cooling intensity.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 37-41
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical Properties of a Bainitic Steel Producible by Hot Rolling
Autorzy:
Rana, R.
Chen, S.
Haldar, A.
Das, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
carbide-free bainite
retained austenite
hot rolling
mechanical properties
Opis:
A carbide-free bainitic microstructure is suitable for achieving a combination of ultra high strength and high ductility. In this work, a steel containing nominally 0.34C-2Mn-1.5Si-1Cr (wt.%) was produced via industrial hot rolling and laboratory heat treatments. The austenitization (900°C, 30 min.) and austempering (300-400°C, 3 h) treatments were done in salt bath furnaces. The austempering treatments were designed to approximately simulate the coiling step, following hot rolling and run-out-table cooling, when the bainitic transformation would take place and certain amount of austenite would be stabilized due to suppression of carbide precipitation. The microstructures and various mechanical properties (tensile properties, bendability, flangeability, and room and subzero temperature impact toughness) relevant for applications were characterized. It was found that the mechanical properties were highly dependent on the stability of the retained austenite, presence of martensite in the microstructure and the size of the microstructural constituents. The highest amount of retained austenite (~ 27 wt.%) was obtained in the sample austempered at 375°C but due to lower austenite stability and coarser overall microstructure, the sample exhibited lower tensile ductility, bendability, flangeability and impact toughness. The sample austempered at 400°C also showed poor properties due to the presence of initial martensite and coarse microstructure. The best combination of mechanical properties was achieved for the samples austempered at 325-350°C with a lower amount of retained austenite but with the highest mechanical stability.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2331-2338
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Austenitic Stability and Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Behavior of Nanocrystalline FeNiCrMoC HSLA Steels
Autorzy:
Park, Jungbin
Jeon, Junhyub
Seo, Namhyuk
Kim, Gwanghun
Son, Seung Bae
Jung, Jae-Gil
Lee, Seok-Jae
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nanocrystalline
austenite stability
strain induced martensite
transformation induced plasticity
Opis:
The austenitic stability and strain-induced martensitic transformation behavior of a nanocrystalline FeNiCrMoC alloy were investigated. The alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. The phase fraction and grain size were measured using X-ray diffraction. The grain sizes of the milled powder and the sintered alloy were confirmed to be on the order of several nanometers. The variation in the austenite fraction according to compressive deformation was measured, and the austenite stability and strain-induced martensitic transformation behavior were calculated. The hardness was measured to evaluate the mechanical properties according to compression deformation, which confirmed that the hardness increased to 64.03 HRC when compressed up to 30%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 77--80
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Element Addition, Microstructure Characteristics, Mechanical Properties, Machining and Welding Processes of the Hadfield Austenitic Manganese Steel
Autorzy:
Zellagui, Rihab
Hemmouche, Larbi
Ait-Sadi, Hassiba
Chelli, Amel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2125536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Hadfield steel
austenite
carbides
element addition effect
machinability
welding
Opis:
High manganese steel, also called Hadfield steel, is an alloy essentially made up of iron, carbon, and manganese. This type of steel occupies an important place in the industry. It possesses high impact toughness and high resistance against abrasive wear and hardens considerably during work hardening. The problem with this kind of steel is the generation of carbides at the grain boundaries after the casting. However, heat treatment at the high-temperature range between 950°C and 1150°C followed by rapid quenching in water is proposed as a solution to remove carbides and obtain a fully austenitic structure. Under the work hardening effects, the hardness of Hadfield steel increases greatly due to the transformation of the austenite γ to martensite ε or α and mechanical twinning, which acts as an obstacle for sliding dislocations. Hot machining is the only solution to machine Hadfield steel adequately without damage of tools or changing the mechanical characteristics of the steel. The choice of welding parameters is important to prevent the formation of carbides and obtain welded steel with great characteristics. This paper aims to give an overview about Hadfield steel, element addition effect, microstructure, heat treatments, work hardening, machinability and welding processes.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 3; 863--868
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Behaviour of steel with the metastable austenite during segmental grinding
Autorzy:
Dąbrowski, L.
Jeleńkowski, J.
Marciniak, M.
Szczęśniak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
segmental grinding
temperature registration
metastable austenite
deformation martensite
phase transformation
Opis:
The methods of the grinding process efficiency evaluation have been presented in this paper basing upon the temperature in the workpiece tool contact area. The technique of determining this temperature has also been given as a combination of analytical and experimental process. These are especially useful by properties and phase transformation investigations in the metastable austenite steels.
Źródło:
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics; 2014, 1, no. 1 (1); 32-40
2392-0327
Pojawia się w:
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of cavitation erosion on austenitic-ferritic steel
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, J.
Jasionowski, R.
Ura, D.
Goły, M.
Frocisz, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
cavitation
austenite destabilization
duplex steel
erosion wear
plastic deformation
material
Opis:
Cavitation is a one of many wear mechanisms which are related to the flow of liquid. It is one of the most destructive wear methods for stainless materials. The local changes in the pressure of the liquid stream related to the flow across the metal component cause straightening of the surface area, as well as its erosion and the formation of pits on the surface layer. The erosion value of cavitation is related to the material’s microstructure, the geometry of the element, the phase composition of the material and the surface roughness. In this paper the investigation of the cavitation process for duplex stainless steel has been performed. Samples examined in the first stages of the experiments were not significantly changed, but after a long time the hardness increase was very visible. The result of the cavitation was also cracking along the interphase boundaries, which resulted in the chipping of the material. One of the most important results was a description of the change in the wear mechanisms and its intensity during the cavitation exposure time. At first plastic micro deformation of the material’s surface occurred, then the plastic deformation increased significantly and after some time this resulted in erosion of the material and interfacial boundary decohesion; these two effects increased simultaneously. The last of the mechanisms was mechanical destabilization of the austenite, but the clear result of the mechanical destabilization of the austenite was only observed in the last sample. Martensitic transformation of the material changed the material’s mechanical properties, but for the stainless steels this resulted in electrochemical corrosion of the material, especially through the formation of an electrochemical potential between austenite and martensite.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2018, 56 (128); 30-35
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure-Properties Relationship and Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Thermomechanically Processed Medium-C TRIP Steel at Different Deformation Temperatures
Autorzy:
Skowronek, A.
Kozłowska, A.
Grajcar, A.
Morawiec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
TRIP effect
multiphase steel
retained austenite
mechanical stability
deformation temperature
Opis:
The paper presents the effect of deformation temperature on the mechanical stability of retained austenite in a multiphase TRIP steel. Series of static tensile tests were carried out in the temperature range –20 to 140°C in order to simulate the temperatures occurring during stamping process of automotive steel sheets and conditions of their exploitation. Samples deformed at 20°C and 60°C showed the best combination of strength and ductility. It was related to the gradual transformation of retained austenite into martensite. Obtained results revealed that the intensity of TRIP effect is significantly related to the deformation temperature. The amount of retained austenite, which transformed into martensite during plastic deformation decreases as the deformation temperature increases. It was also found that the stability of retained austenite depends on its morphology. The obtained results showed the relationship between deformation temperature and the stability of retained austenite. The chemical composition and microstructure of multiphase steels dedicated to the automotive industry should be designed for providing the maximum TRIP effect at the specific deformation temperatures.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 2; 941-949
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Offshore Steel
Autorzy:
Cheng, T.-C.
Yu, C.
Yang, T.-C.
Huang, C.-Y.
Lin, H.-C.
Shiue, R.-K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351264.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
low-temperature impact toughness
prior austenite grain size
hardenability
bainite
Opis:
This study focused on the effects of microstructures on the low-temperature impact toughness of directly water-quenched offshore steel. Martensite dominated the microstructure directly below the quenched surface. In contrast, mainly lower bainite, martensite, and low amount of ferrite were observed in the central region of the quenched specimen. The ductile to brittle transition temperature of tempered martensite was significantly lower than that of a bainite-dominated microstructure. It is found that low-angle boundaries within the bainite packets greatly impair the low-temperature impact toughness of the steel. The absence of high-angle boundaries in the lower bainite packets significantly deteriorates the low-temperature impact energy of offshore steel.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 167-172
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Carbon Content on Austenite Stability and Strain-induced Transformation of Nanocrystalline FeNiC Alloy by Spark Plasma Sintering
Autorzy:
Oh, Seung-Jin
Kim, Byoung-Cheol
Suh, Man-Chul
Shon, In-Jin
Lee, Seok-Jae
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FeNiC alloy
austenite stability
strain-induced transformation
spark plasma sintering
Opis:
The effects of carbon content on the austenite stability and strain-induced transformation of nanocrystalline Fe-11%Ni alloys were investigated using X-ray analysis and mechanical tests. The nanocrystalline FeNiC alloy samples were rapidly fabricated using spark plasma sintering because of the extremely short densification time, which not only helped attain the theoretical density value but also prevented grain growth. The increased austenite stability resulted from nanosized crystallites in the sintered alloys. Increasing compressive deformation increased the volume fraction of strain-induced martensite from austenite decomposition. The kinetics of the strain-induced martensite formation were evaluated using an empirical equation considering the austenite stability factor. As the carbon content increased, the austenite stability was enhanced, contributing to not only a higher volume fraction of austenite after sintering, but also to the suppression of its strain-induced martensite transformation.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 863-867
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Ni Content on the Austenite Stability and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe-Ni Alloy Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
Autorzy:
Park, D.
Oh, S.-J.
Shon, I.-J.
Lee, S.-J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Fe-Ni alloy
austenite stability
mechanical properties
spark plasma sintering
Opis:
The mechanical behavior and the change of retained austenite of nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloy have been investigated by considering the effect of various Ni addition amount. The nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloy samples were rapidly fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPS is a well-known effective sintering process with an extremely short densification time not only to reach a theoretical density value but also to prevent a grain growth, which could result in a nanocrystalline structures. The effect of Ni addition on the compressive stress-strain behavior was analyzed. The variation of the volume fraction of retained austenite due to deformation was quantitatively measured by means of x-ray diffraction and microscope analyses. The strain-induced martensite transformation was observed in Fe-Ni alloy. The different amount of Ni influenced the rate of the strain-induced martensite transformation kinetics and resulted in the change of the work hardening during the compressive deformation.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1477-1480
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary Structures Assessment of Some TRIP Steels
Autorzy:
Pantilimon, Mircea Cristian
Berbecaru, Andrei-Constantin
Coman, George
Sohaciu, Mirela G.
Dumitrescu, Ruxandra Elena
Ciucă, Sorin
Gherghescu, Ioana-Arina
Predescu, Cristian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
TRIP steel
optical microscopy
Vickers hardness
retained austenite
car body material
Opis:
Automotive industry is constantly interested in building cars made of light and high strength parts in order to reduce the emission levels, the fuel consumption and minimize the effects of a car crash. Some parts may be made of lighter materials, but the steel ones must compensate the strength needed for the car body. Research is made for finding new materials showing high strength combined with high ductility. Among them, transformation - induced - plasticity steels are of great interest, efforts being made to improve their characteristics. A new composition of such a steel is presented, its features being compared with those of three other steels of the same class and category. Optical microscopy at different magnifications is performed, together with Vickers hardness test. Structural particularities are found for each tested steel, justified by their own chemical compositions. The new steel reveals important characteristics: besides the mainly bainitic structure, it has both larger ferritic areas and amounts of retained austenite, making him proper for further study.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 491--498
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 79

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