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Tytuł:
Effects of physical and physico-chemical factors on pulp rheology of smithsonite
Autorzy:
Shang, Yanbo
Sun, Chuanyao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10933093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
smithsonite
pulp rheology
apparent viscosity
yield stress
particle agglomerate
Opis:
Pulp rheology is an important factor affecting flotation. The effects of particle size (150-74 μm, 74-38 μm, 38-23 μm, -23 μm), pulp density (11.76%-34.78%), pH (5.3-12.4), collector concentration (25-500 mg/dm3), and stirring intensity (400-900 rpm) on the rheology of smithsonite, kaolinite, quartz, and calcite minerals were investigated in detail. Additionally, the agglomerate morphology of particles was observed by a polarizing microscope. The results showed that as the mineral particle size decreased and pulp density increased, the apparent viscosity and yield stress of the pulp increased. Especially the fine mineral particles (-23 μm) presented a higher apparent viscosity and yield stress. The order of apparent viscosity and yield stress for the minerals from large to small was: kaolinite>calcite>smithsonite>quartz under different pH values, the collector concentrations, and stirring intensities. In the presence of collector of octadecylamine, smithsonite, kaolinite, and calcite particles could form aggregates, especially smithsonite particles presented obvious agglomeration with large particle size and compact network structure. The agglomeration effect of calcite and kaolinite particles were weaker than that of smithsonite. The particle agglomeration resulted in the increase of the apparent viscosity and yield stress of the pulp. Quartz particles did not form clusters, hence the pulp’s apparent viscosity and yield stress were the lowest. The research on the changes in rheological properties of the pulp will hopefully provide some guidance for future flotation.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2023, 59, 1; art. no. 157244
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Himmelsbeobachtungen und deren Messung, von der Regierungszeit des Gudea von Lagash bis zum Almagest des Claudius Ptolemäus
Celestial observations and their measurement, from the reign of Gudea of Lagash to the Almagest of Claudius Ptolemaeus
Autorzy:
Kleb, Jens
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36169694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Units of Length
Ptolemaeus
Chaldeans
angular measurement
old Babylonian diagonal calculation
table of chords
triangular calculation
apparent diameter Moon
Opis:
The present article gives an overview on the development of the measurement and practical acquisition of circle section dimensions since the late 3rd millennium BC. In key points, the prerequisites and practical implementation for celestial observations over approx. 1500 years up to the 8th century BC are collected and analyzed, in terms of their logical requirements and connected archaeological findings. A comprehensible and unambiguous calculation is made for the celestial dimensions in cubits used from the 8th to the 2nd century BC, for which estimated values between 2.5 and 2.1 angular degrees have been determined since Kugler 1900 until to recently researchers. Therefore, for the first time, the exact transformation value is presented here. Not only the connections and the further development of this celestial measurement system are presented, but also its coherent adaptation up to the first definition and use of the angular unit measurement, which is still used today, around 200 BC. In addition, some data and their previous interpretation from various sources are put up for discussion, which even include the table of Chords, presented by Ptolemy in his Almagest and their use.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2023, 12; 209-236
2299-2464
2956-6436
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Informacja pozorna i fałszywa w jakościowej teorii informacji. Analiza z punktu widzenia cybernetyki
Autorzy:
Kiełpiński, Krzysztof M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13947651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
information
apparent information
false information
qualitative theory
simulation
dissimulation
confusing nature of information
Opis:
Information is the basic tool of inter vivos communication. It serves as a carrier for many data. Thanks to it, many areas of human life can function. Cybernetic scientists have recognized that mankind has difficulty defining and defining „information”. Marian Mazur undertook the task of creating the definition. His research laid the groundwork for a qualitative information theory. Its task was to define the information and carry out the analysis and synthesis of this important reality. Moreover, it showed the differences between doctrine and science. Information science and its theory and quality have shown that scientists want their views to fit with reality. Doctrinaires need reality to match their views. The task of a scientist is to search for truth, therefore he is worried about the difficulties of finding it. The doctrinaire knows the truth from the beginning and enjoys its completeness. Moving on, the scientist has a lot of doubts that what the science says is true, while the representative of the doctrine has no doubt that what the doctrine says is true. After all, the scientist thinks what science says is impermanent, so the doctrine says what the doctrine says lasts forever. The above study showed what information is and what the science of information looks like, moreover, its basic dimension was presented, indicating its operational and essential character. A very valuable description is the analysis of various areas of human life, in which there are various types of information, among them false and false. Pseudoinformation and disinformation occur very often, therefore the next thought expressed in the article was the characteristics and their practical application.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 127-143
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contribution of diffusion weighted MRI to the differential diagnosis of renal masses
Autorzy:
Kış, Naciye
Gülden Düzkalır, Hanife
Oğuzhan Ağaçlı, Mehmet
Erok, Berrin
Gamze Kılıçoğlu, Zeynep
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
apparent diffusion coefficient
diffusion weighted imaging
renal neoplasms
Opis:
Introduction and aim. We aimed to assess the usefulness of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for characterizing renal masses. Material and methods. In this retrospective study we measured the ADC values of renal masses at b=0, b=500 and b=1000. Measurements were made by placing a circular region of interest with a diameter of 1 cm. ADC values from normal renal parenchyma were taken to define the ADC and to compare with the ADC values of the lesions. Results. A total of 72 lesions of 54 patients were included.40 of the masses were benign and 32 were malignant. The ADC values of benign lesions at both b values were significantly higher than malignant lesions. We found the lowest values in angiomyolipomas (AMLs) and oncocytomas and the highest values in Bosniac type I cysts. Similarities was found between the ADC values of some AMLs and the RCCs. In terms of statistical results, the inclusion of AMLs in the analysis did not significantly affect the difference between malignant and benign lesions. Conclusion. In our study, the ADC values of benign renal masses were higher than those of normal renal parenchyme, which is higher than those of malignant renal masses.The lowest ADC values were observed in AMLs and oncocytomas.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2022, 1; 44-48
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of measuring process properties on phosphate rock slurry rheology based on Brookfield method
Autorzy:
Chen, Aoao
Zhang, Qin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
phosphate rock
grinding
concentration
rheological properties
apparent viscosity
Opis:
This research aims to explore how the flotation process conditions influence the rheological properties of phosphate rock slurry. The apparent viscosity of phosphate rock slurry was measured by Brookfield DVNext rheometer. Different mineral types, grinding time, slurry mass concentration and reagent systems were adopted to study the viscosity behavior of phosphate rock slurry. The results showed that under the same conditions, the apparent viscosity of apatite and dolomite slurry was basically the same, and the apparent viscosity of the slurry after mixing the two minerals was basically the same as that of single mineral. For the same slurry concentration, the mineral particle size had a significant effect on the rheological behavior of the slurry, and its apparent viscosity increased exponentially with the decrease of particle size. In addition, phosphate rock slurry showed shear thickening fluids characteristics when the slurry concentration is 20%-40%, but changed to pseudoplastic fluid at high concentration (60%). Sulfuric acid as pH regulator and inhibitor had little effect on the rheology of slurry; when GJBW and NaOL were added as collectors, the rheology of slurry changed, and the effect of GJBW was more obvious.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2022, 58, 6; art. no. 156202
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Nie z piękności na papierze sądzić o rzeczy należy, ale z przystosowania optyki i perspektywy” - o percepcji i kształtowaniu elementów krajobrazu opisanych 205 lat temu w dziele Sebastiana Sierakowskiego
‘Not from the beauty on the paper the things should be considered but from the application of the optics and perspective’ - characteristic of the perception and design of landscape elements described 205 years ago in the handbook of Sebastian Sierakowski
Autorzy:
Oleński, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
zasady widzenia przedmiotów
krajobraz
kąt widokowy
zasięg widoczności
punkt obserwacji
proporcje budowli
pozorna wielkość budowli
principles of object perception
cityscape
viewshed
visibility range
viewpoint
building proportions
apparent building size
Opis:
W artykule przedstawione zostały „prawa widzenia” budowli w przestrzeni krajobrazu opisane w jednym z pierwszych polskojęzycznych podręczników z dziedziny architektury i budownictwa, napisanym i wydanym w 1812 roku w Krakowie przez Sebastiana Alojzego Sierakowskiego (1743–1824) - duchownego, architekta i naukowca, sprawującego ważne urzędy publiczne w odchodzącej w przeszłość dawnej Polsce przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku. Opisane sugestywnym i barwnym językiem zasady percepcji obiektów tworzą rodzaj oryginalnego zbioru reguł odwołujących się do pojęć z zakresu optyki, perspektywy i kompozycji, które zasługują na uważną analizę i odczytanie na nowo w kontekście trwających dyskusji nad stanem polskiego krajobrazu i systemem planowania miast.
This paper presents the ‘precepts of perception’ of buildings observed in the space of the landscape that were described in one of the first Polish-language handbooks on architecture and construction published in Krakow in 1812 by Sebastian Alojzy Sierakowski (1743–1824)-a clergyman, architect and scientist, as well as a statesman holding important public positions during the turn of the nineteenth century in what was becoming historical Poland. Sierakowski’s principles of building perception-described in suggestive and colourful language—created a kind of original set of rules referring to optics, perspective and composition, that deserve careful analysis and re-reading in the present times of ongoing discourse on the condition of the Polish landscape and city planning system.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie; 2021, 49; 137--162
0079-3450
2450-0038
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnoza: niemiłość? Działania pozorne a system wsparcia dzieci i młodzieży po próbach samobójczych
Diagnosis: Lovelessness. Apparent Actions and the System of Support for Children and Youth After Suicide Attempts
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371455.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
samobójstwo
próba samobójcza
opieka psychiatryczna
działania pozorne
socjologia dzieci i młodzieży
rodzina
suicide
suicide attempt
psychiatric care
apparent actions
the sociology of children and youth
family
Opis:
Mimo coraz liczniejszych doniesień medialnych na temat rosnącego kryzysu systemu opieki psychologicznej i psychiatrycznej oraz powiązanego z nim wzrostu liczby zachowań samobójczych wśród dzieci i młodzieży, temat ten wciąż nie staje się istotnym elementem debaty politycznej. W oparciu o analizę literatury przedmiotu, danych statystycznych i przekazów medialnych dotyczących problematyki psychiatrii dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce w artykule podjęto próbę opisania w kategoriach socjologicznych wybranych kontekstów sytuacji kryzysowej. Uwagę szczególnie skoncentrowano na problematyce często stabuizowanych w polskim kontekście relacji rodzinnych oraz ich znaczenia jako czynnika o niejednoznacznym wpływie na dzieci i młodzież, także w procesie terapeutycznym po próbach samobójczych. W artykule podejmuje się również rozważania na temat instytucjonalnego kryzysu polskiego systemu opieki zdrowotnej w zakresie psychologii i psychiatrii.
Despite the growing number of media reports about the severe crisis of the system of psychological and psychiatric care as well as related increase in the number of suicides and suicide attempts among children and youth, this subject is still absent from the political debate in Poland. Drawing on the review of relevant literature, statistical data, and media reports about children and youth psychiatry, this article attempts to describe selected contexts of this crisis in sociological terms. Special attention is paid to family relations – which are frequently a taboo topic in the Polish context – and their ambiguous influence on children and youth, also during the therapeutic process after the suicide attempts. The article also undertakes the theme of the institutional crisis of the Polish healthcare system regarding psychological and psychiatric care.
Źródło:
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej; 2021, 17, 1; 114-134
1733-8069
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diffusion weighted imaging in differentiation of the clear cell RCC from the major non-clear cell RCC subtypes
Autorzy:
Kış, Naciye
Erok, Berrin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2040173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
apparent diffusion coefficient
diffusion weighted imaging
renal cell carcinoma
Opis:
Introduction. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant renal tumor in adults accounting for 80-90% of primary malignant adult renal neoplasms. RCC represents a very heterogenous groups of tumors with a number of distinct histological varieties, of which the major 3 subtypes are clear cell RCC (70-80%), papillary RCC (13-20%), and chromophobe RCC (5%). Imaging features are varied from solid and relatively homogenous appearance to markedly heterogenous appearance with cystic changes, hemorrhage and necrosis. The use of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for RCC subtyping and also for differentiation of high grade and low grade tumors has been showed to be useful in many studies in the literature. Aim. In this study, we aimed to determine the comparative contribution of DWI in differentiation of the clear cell RCC from the major non-clear cell RCC subtypes at standard high b-value (1000 s/mm2) versus low b-value (500 s/mm2). In addition, we also aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of DWI for differentiating high grade clear cell RCC from low grade clear cell RCC based on Fuhrman grades in our patients. Material and methods. 62 cases with a prediagnosis of RCC according to MRI findings including DWI sequence with histological verification and subtyping of renal cortical tumor following a total or partial nephrectomy were included in the study. Results. Among 62 cases, 46 were male and 16 were female, with mean age of 59.5±15.7. Pathological diagnoses of 62 cases were as follows, clear cell RCC, (44) papillary cell RCC (14) and chromophobe cell RCC (4). They were divided into two groups as clear cell RCC group (44 cases) and non-clear cell RCC group (18 cases). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean ADC values of clear cell and non-clear cell groups at b-value of 1000 s/mm2 (p>0.05). However, the mean ADC level for clear cell RCC group at b-value of 500 s/mm2 were significantly higher than for non-clear cell RCC group (p<0.05). When a value of 0.99x10-3 mm2/s was set as cut-off for ADC at b-factor of 500 s/mm2, differentiation was achieved with a high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (56%). Regarding the diagnostic performance of DWI for differentiating high from low Fuhrman grades clear cell RCCs, there was no statistically significant difference between the ADC values of Grade I-II clear cell RCC cases and Grade III-IV clear cell RCC cases at b-factor of 1000 s/mm2 (p>0.05). However, ADC values for grade III-IV group was statistically significantly lower than ADC values for Grade I-II group at b-factor of 500 s/mm2 level. Conclusion. ADC measurements at moderate b-value of 500 s/mm2 were more sensitive in subtyping and grading of RCC cases. This technique can be used in clinical practice as a fast and additional sequence in abdominal MRI.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2021, 3; 215-220
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of random bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for joints with phospholipid bilayers
Autorzy:
Wierzcholski, Krzysztof
Miszczak, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
human joint
estimation of lubrication parameters
phospholipids bilayer
analytical stochastic principles
analytical stochastic solutions
apparent viscosity depended on the gap height variations
staw ludzki
oszacowanie parametrów smarowania
dwuwarstwa fosfolipidowa
analiza stochastyczna zasad
analiza stochastyczna problemów
lepkość pozorna
Opis:
This paper presents a new form of a mathematical estimation of stochastic bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for real human joint surfaces with phospholipid bilayers. In this work, the authors present the analytical and stochastic considerations, which are based on the measurements of human joint surfaces. The gap is restricted between two cooperating biological surfaces. After numerous experimental measurements, it directly follows that the random symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical increments and decrements of the gap height in human joints influence the hydrodynamic pressure, load-carrying capacity, friction forces, and wear of the cooperating cartilage surfaces in human joints. The main focus of the paper was to demonstrate the influence of variations in the expected values and standard deviation of human joint gap height on the hydrodynamic lubrication parameters occurring in the human joint. It is very important to notice that the new form of apparent dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid formulated by the authors depends on ultra-thin gap height variations. Moreover, evident connection was observed between the apparent dynamic viscosity and the properties of cartilage surface coated by phospholipid cells. The above observations indicate an indirect impact of stochastic changes in the height of the gap and the indirect impact of random changes in the properties of the joint surface coated with the phospholipid layers, on the value of hydrodynamic pressure, load carrying capacity and friction forces. In this paper the authors present a synthetic, comprehensive estimation of stochastic bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for the cooperating, rotational cartilage bio-surfaces with phospholipid bilayers occurring in human joints. The new results presented in this paper were obtained taking into account 3D variations in the dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid, particularly random variations crosswise the film thickness for non-Newtonian synovial fluid properties. According to the authors’ knowledge, the obtained results are widely applicable in spatiotemporal models in biology and health science.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; art. no. e135834
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of random bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for joints with phospholipid bilayers
Autorzy:
Wierzcholski, Krzysztof
Miszczak, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
human joint
estimation of lubrication parameters
phospholipids bilayer
analytical stochastic principles
analytical stochastic solutions
apparent viscosity depended on the gap height variations
staw ludzki
oszacowanie parametrów smarowania
dwuwarstwa fosfolipidowa
analiza stochastyczna zasad
analiza stochastyczna problemów
lepkość pozorna
Opis:
This paper presents a new form of a mathematical estimation of stochastic bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for real human joint surfaces with phospholipid bilayers. In this work, the authors present the analytical and stochastic considerations, which are based on the measurements of human joint surfaces. The gap is restricted between two cooperating biological surfaces. After numerous experimental measurements, it directly follows that the random symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical increments and decrements of the gap height in human joints influence the hydrodynamic pressure, load-carrying capacity, friction forces, and wear of the cooperating cartilage surfaces in human joints. The main focus of the paper was to demonstrate the influence of variations in the expected values and standard deviation of human joint gap height on the hydrodynamic lubrication parameters occurring in the human joint. It is very important to notice that the new form of apparent dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid formulated by the authors depends on ultra-thin gap height variations. Moreover, evident connection was observed between the apparent dynamic viscosity and the properties of cartilage surface coated by phospholipid cells. The above observations indicate an indirect impact of stochastic changes in the height of the gap and the indirect impact of random changes in the properties of the joint surface coated with the phospholipid layers, on the value of hydrodynamic pressure, load carrying capacity and friction forces. In this paper the authors present a synthetic, comprehensive estimation of stochastic bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for the cooperating, rotational cartilage bio-surfaces with phospholipid bilayers occurring in human joints. The new results presented in this paper were obtained taking into account 3D variations in the dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid, particularly random variations crosswise the film thickness for non-Newtonian synovial fluid properties. According to the authors’ knowledge, the obtained results are widely applicable in spatiotemporal models in biology and health science.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; e135834, 1--16
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozorne samozatrudnienie – przyczyny fiskalne, skutki, środki zaradcze
Alleged self-employment – fiscal causes, effects, remedial measures
Autorzy:
Lasocki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2117142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-25
Wydawca:
Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych
Tematy:
klin podatkowy
podatek dochodowy
pozorne samozatrudnienie
składki na ubezpieczenia społeczne
unikanie zatrudnienia
tax wedge
personal income tax
apparent self-employment
social insurance contributions
employment avoidance
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono problem unikania zatrudnienia poprzez zakładanie pozornej działalności gospodarczej w kontekście całości klina podatkowego (PIT, ubezpieczenia społeczne i pozostałe składki). W pierwszej części, tj. analitycznej, przedstawione są rozważania na temat istoty działalności gospodarczej i zatrudnienia, które następnie zestawiono z legalnymi definicjami tych pojęć funkcjonującymi w polskim systemie. Wskazano negatywne skutki zastępowania zatrudnienia pozornym samozatrudnieniem, tj.: ograniczenie i pozbawienie prawa do zabezpieczenia społecznego, zaburzanie konkurencji na rynku, prekaryzacja rynku pracy oraz uszczuplanie środków przeznaczanych na cele publiczne. Następnie scharakteryzowano rozwiązania sprzyjające istnieniu wskazanego zjawiska, zaznaczając również zbyt szeroką dostępność takich rozwiązań, wynikającą z nieostrości stosowanych definicji, jak i długotrwałości procedur weryfikujących. W drugiej części zaprezentowano autorskie rozwiązania pozwalające na minimalizację zjawiska zastępowania zatrudnienia pozornym samozatrudnieniem. Zmiany powinny szanować wolność prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej oraz nie pogarszać warunków działania przedsiębiorców rzeczywiście podejmujących ryzyko gospodarcze. Przy takim założeniu zaproponowano ograniczenie dostępności preferencji o jednoznaczne i łatwo weryfikowalne kryteria. Wskazano na konieczność zastąpienia ulg w składkach ulgami podatkowymi oraz wprowadzenie ulgi dla firm decydujących się na rozpoczęcie zatrudniania. Zaproponowano również nowy sposób ustalania podstawy wymiaru składki na ubezpieczenia społeczne przedsiębiorców oraz redukcję liczby komponentów klina podatkowego.
The article presents the problem of employment avoidance by setting up an alleged business activity in the context of the entire tax wedge (PIT, social insurance and other contributions). The analytical part presents considerations on the essence of economic activity and employment, which are subsequently compared with the legal definitions of these concepts as functioning in the Polish system. The negative effects of replacing employment with apparent self-employment were indicated: limitation and deprivation of the right to social security, distortion of competition on the market, precarization of the labour market and reduction of funds allocated to public purposes. Next, solutions conducive to the existence of the indicated phenomenon are characterized, indicating equally the overly broad availability of such solutions resulting from a vagueness in definitions and the length of verification procedures themselves. The second part identifies the author’s solutions for minimizing the phenomenon of replacing employment with alleged self-employment. The changes should respect the freedom to conduct a business and not worsen the operating conditions of entrepreneurs who actually take economic risk. With this assumption, it was proposed to limit the availability of preferences by unambiguous and easily verifiable criteria. Indicated is the necessity of replacing contribution deductions with tax breaks and introducing a relief for companies deciding to start employment. A new method for determining the basis of the calculation of the contribution for social insurance of entrepreneurs and a reduction in the number of tax wedge components was also proposed.
Źródło:
Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka; 2021, 3; 23-48
1731-0725
Pojawia się w:
Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ długotrwałego oddziaływania cyklicznych zjawisk atmosferycznych na właściwości piaskowców istebniańskich
The influence of long-term cyclic atmospheric phenomena on the Istebna sandstone properties
Autorzy:
Figarska-Warchoł, Beata
Sierakowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076216.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
piaskowce istebniańskie
szok termiczny
fizyczne wietrzenie
gęstość pozorna
absorpcja wody na wagę
prędkość fali ultradźwiękowej
Istebna sandstones
thermal shock
physical weathering
apparent density
water absorption by weight
ultrasonic wave velocity
Opis:
The Istebna sandstones are one of the main stone materials used for centuries in the construction industry in Kraków and the surrounding area. It was supported not only by their decorative properties and technical parameters, but also the proximity of the outcrops. The results of research on changes in the physical and mechanical properties of samples taken from the Czasław and Sobolów deposits are presented. They represent two structural varieties, subjected to fatigue by cyclic processes of freezing and thermal shock. Such a treatment of the samples was aimed at recreating the natural conditions in which the stone elements are subjected to the destructive effects of atmospheric phenomena associated with temperature changes during winter and summer periods. Data on the weather conditions in Kraków for the period 1951-2020 were used to assess the effect of climate on the intensity of the impact of the two above factors and, additionally, the destructive effect of rock salt, used for de-icing road surfaces. An attempt was also made to forecast the expected rate of destruction of the Istebna sandstones, based on the analysis of climate change.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2021, 69, 2; 109--119
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of particle properties on rheology of low-concentration coal suspensions
Autorzy:
Hou, Jinying
Ma, Xiaomin
Fan, Yuping
Dong, Xianshu
Yao, Suling
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
apparent viscosity
coal suspension
particle property
hydrophobicity
effective volume
Opis:
In wet coal preparation, the products of some processes are transported as low-concentration suspensions. Their rheology is greatly affected by the properties of the coal particles that result from the formation and weathering during preparation. In this study, the properties of coal particles, including volumetric properties (i.e., solids content, granularity, and clay mineral fraction) and surface characteristics (i.e., dynamic potential, degree of coalification, and degree of surface oxidization), were studied to determine their effects on the apparent viscosity of low-concentration coal suspensions. With increasing solids content and smaller particle size in the suspension, the interactions between the coal particles became stronger due to the increased particle content, thus increasing the coal suspension’s apparent viscosity. Adding clay minerals to the suspension gradually changed its composition and structure and increased its viscosity. The dynamic potential of the coal particles and inter-particle electrostatic repulsive forces were reduced with the addition of Ca2+ ions, and the coal particles collided and aggregated, which increased the apparent viscosity of the suspension. For coal with a low degree of coalification or coal had been oxidized by a hydrogen peroxide solution, the suspension of the hydrophilic coal particles was associated with a lower apparent viscosity than that of highly hydrophobic solids, which tended to aggregate and form flocculent masses.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2020, 56, 5; 984-995
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of various additives on the chemical composition, fermentation parameters and apparent digestibility of Virginia fanpetals silage in sheep
Autorzy:
Starczewski, M.
Purwin, C.
Borsuk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
Virginia fanpetals
silage additive
apparent digestibility
Opis:
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various additives (straw, grass, molasses, dried sugar beet pulp – pellets, inoculant, organic acids) on the quality and fermentation profile of Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita L.) silage. Silage samples were assayed for the content of dry matter – DM, crude ash, crude protein – CP, water soluble carbohydrates – WSC, neutral detergent fiber – NDF, acid detergent fiber – ADF and acid detergent lignin – ADL as well as pH and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid. Silage quality was evaluated according to the DLG Key. Apparent digestibility was determined in sheep, and the digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, NDF, organic matter – OM and digestible OM were calculated. The tested additives increased DM, decreased ADL content (P≤0.01), and reduced WSC utilization (P≤0.05, P≤0.01) in silages. Only sugar beet pulp decreased the content of NDF and ADF (P≤0.01). All silages had similar pH values (4.01 - 4.10). The analyzed silages were characterized by intense lactic acid fermentation, which was inhibited only by the grass additive (P≤0.01). All additives suppressed acetic acid fermentation (P≤0.05, P≤0.01). Grass and sugar beet pulp significantly decreased the concentration of butyric acid (P≤0.01). The addition of grass decreased CP digestibility (from 92.1% in the control silage to 89.3%), whereas the addition of a bacterial inoculant (P≤0.01) and a blend of organic acids (P≤0.05) increased CP digestibility to 93.8% and 92.8%, respectively. The addition of grass and sugar beet pulp increased the coefficient of NDF digestibility by 6 percentage points relative to 60.9% in the control silage. The addition of the inoculant and organic acids decreased NDF digestibility to 56.0% and 50.5%, respectively. Dried sugar beet pulp was the most effective additive, which positively affected the chemical composition, fermentation profile and apparent digestibility of Sida silage.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2020, 25, 4; 1499-1508
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Peri-literary communication games of high school students
Okołoliterackie gry komunikacyjne uczniów liceów ogólnokształcących
Autorzy:
Ślósarz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1042100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
wywiad
zasoby Internetu
kompetencje komunikacyjne
kompetencje społeczne
pozorny kontakt
społeczeństwo hierarchiczne
zainteresowanie
społeczeństwo Sieci
korelacja
interview
Internet resources
communication skills
social skills
apparent contact
hierarchical society
interest
Internet society
correlation
Opis:
Seven interviews with high school students were conducted in order to establish the relationship between their use of Internet resources and the level of their interpretation, communication and social skills. Respondents, who used the Internet as a source of information, comprehend literature factographically and its adaptations as distortions of the original texts. Their communication skills were poorly developed. They were passive in interpersonal contact. They made only superficial contact with the interviewer, in order to hide the way they really used Internet resources. They perceived the interview as a hierarchical relation, and were subordinated to the interviewer. Students who posted texts on the Internet were able to get the interviewer engaged in the topic they were discussing. They created their own image and influenced the environment. They assumed role of a node in the network, limiting the influence of social hierarchy. A small sample does not allow for generalization of findings. Nonetheless, it was found that students who posted texts on the Internet presented highly developed interpretation, communication and social skills.
Przeprowadzono siedem wywiadów z licealistami, aby analizować związek sposobu użytkowania zasobów Sieci oraz kompetencji interpretacyjnych, komunikacyjnych i społecznych. Respondenci, wykorzystujący Sieć jako źródło informacji, pojmowali literaturę faktograficznie, adaptacje jako zniekształcenie fabuł. Cechował ich niski poziom umiejętności komunikacyjnych. Byli w kontakcie bierni. Nawiązywali pozorny kontakt ukrywając rzeczywisty sposób korzystania z Sieci. Najczęściej mieli niskie kompetencje społeczne. Relację wywiadu postrzegali jako hierarchiczną, czuli się podporządkowani. Uczniowie, którzy zamieszczali w Sieci teksty, umieli zainteresować poruszonym przez siebie tematem. Kreowali wizerunek siebie i otoczenia. Przyjmowali rolę węzła w społeczeństwie Sieci, ograniczając zależności społecznej hierarchii. Mała liczba badanych nie upoważnia do wniosków, lecz zamieszczanie tekstów w Sieci korelowało z wysokim poziomem kompetencji interpretacyjnych, komunikacyjnych i społecznych.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2020, 56, 1; 163-202
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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