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    Tytuł:
    Philosophy and Logical Positivism
    Autorzy:
    Marsonet, Michele
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037952.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
    Tematy:
    logical positivism
    metaphysics
    vienna circle
    analytic philosophy
    Opis:
    Logical positivists claim that the whole of human knowledge can be reduced to analytic and synthetic sentences, and this means that the only possible knowledge is provided by science. Metaphysics is thus meaningless, because its sentences do not comply with the rules set forth by logical analysis of language. What, then, is the philosopher’s job? The members of the Vienna Circle answer that his task is to clarify the concepts used within empirical and formal sciences, while analytic philosophers stress instead the importance of ordinary language’s analysis. But the outcome is in both cases clear: philosophy is linguistic analysis. Howeber, by reducing the whole of reality to empirical reality, logical positivists do metaphysics. We do not have the “elimination” of metaphysics, but just the proposal of an empiricist brand of metaphysics.
    Źródło:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2019, 19; 32-36
    2079-3715
    2309-1088
    Pojawia się w:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Report from the philosophical workshop organized by The Lvov–Warsaw School Research Center and Kazimierz Twardowski Philosophical Society of Lviv
    Autorzy:
    Grądzka, Ewelina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1943082.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    Lvov–Warsaw School
    analytic philosophy
    logic
    mathematics
    Opis:
    Between 11–14 February 2021 the first international Philosophical Workshop organized by The Lvov–Warsaw School Research Center (LWSRC) and Kazimierz Twardowski Philosophical Society of Lviv (KTPSL) took place in the on–line version due to the ongoing COVID–19 pandemic. The working languages of the event were Polish, Ukrainian and English. The coordinators’ goal was to refer to the tradition of seminar of Kazimierz Twardowski, who was not only a distinguished philosopher but also a great educator, to stimulate interest and support for the young generation of researchers into the heritage of the Lvov–Warsaw School (LWS). It is claimed that due to Twardowski’s  unprecedented didactical engagement he managed to upbring dozens of Professors like Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz,  Stefan Baley, Leopold Blaustein, Tadeusz Czeżowski, Izydora Dąmbska, Tadeusz Kotarbiński,  tanisław Leśniewski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Władysław Witwicki.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2021, 71; 131-152
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Two Cultures in Philosophy
    Autorzy:
    Sławkowski-Rode, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985696.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
    Tematy:
    analytic philosophy
    continental philosophy
    temperament
    philosophical culture
    dialogue
    conflict
    Opis:
    In this paper I revisit the debate concerning the distinction, which is sometimes made between “analytic” and “continental” philosophy. I look at the historical context in which the distinction came to prominence in the twentieth century, the reasons why it subsequently declined in popularity, and eventually had begun to be undermined. I argue that the distinction possesses intuitive content, which the recent attempts at exposing it as conceptually flawed fail to account for. I suggest that the intuitive content of the distinction provides us with resources to usefully define two different ways philosophical reflection has been approached during the course of the twentieth century. I conclude by suggesting that we can bring these two ways of approaching philosophy into focus by appealing to the idea of philosophical temperament.
    Źródło:
    Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2020, 4, 4
    2544-302X
    Pojawia się w:
    Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Józef M. Bocheński’s Conception of Analytic Philosophy
    Autorzy:
    Mordarski, Ryszard
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052483.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    J.M. Bocheński
    analytic philosophy
    history of analysis
    rules of analysis
    analysis
    vs. synthesis
    social role of analytic philosophy
    Opis:
    The article characterizes the main features Bocheński’s conception of Analytic Philosophy. In the first part, we present the difference between Analytic Philosophy and different world-views. Then we discuss the forth rules of analysis, and finally we refer to the practical and social role of Analytic Philosophy pointed out by Bocheński.
    Źródło:
    Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne; 2019, 9; 245-256
    2084-1302
    Pojawia się w:
    Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy można nie być naturalistą?
    Can you not be a naturalist?
    Autorzy:
    Trombik, Kamil Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690968.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    naturalism
    anti-naturalism
    reductionism
    analytic philosophy
    Polish philosophy
    Jan Woleński
    Opis:
    A review of: J. Woleński, Wykłady o naturalizmie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń 2016, ss. 226.
    Recenzja książki: J. Woleński, Wykłady o naturalizmie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń 2016, ss. 226.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2017, 63; 223-229
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Transitional Justice Models and Analytic Philosophy: Towards Theory
    Autorzy:
    Krotoszyński, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594689.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    transitional justice
    analytic philosophy
    models
    idealisation
    humanistic interpretation
    values
    Opis:
    As an interdisciplinary field of scholarship, transitional justice is still in its pre-theoretical stage, focusing mainly on the case and comparative studies, supported by general considerations concerning justice in the times of transition. To entrench the field as a distinct area of studies, a theory of transitional justice needs to be formulated. The article explores the possibility of making a step towards such a theoretical basis with the use of the tools of analytical philosophy, methodology and legal theory. First, drawing on Leszek Nowak’s procedure of idealisation, three basic models of responses to a painful past are formulated. Then, distinct transitional justice values are attributed to each of the models. Finally, with the use of Jerzy Kmita’s concept of humanistic interpretation, the article seeks to conceptualize the way in which these values – among other factors, such as the need to uphold the rule of law or to preserve the stability of a democratic system – influence the choice of a model of transitional justice response. Thus, the aim of the presented models – which I described in more detail elsewhere (Krotoszyński 2017) – is to provide a sound theoretical basis for some of the fundamental claims formulated in the field of transitional justice.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 2 (46); 9-21
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Logic and its Pragmatic Aspects
    Autorzy:
    Marsonet, Michele
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037570.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
    Tematy:
    logic
    formal logic
    logical pluralism
    pragmatism
    analytic philosophy
    praxis
    Opis:
    A pragmatist conception of logic rejects any kind of logical constructionism, based on the appeal to privileged ontological and epistemological items and to a perfect language supposedly provided by mathematical logic. Even in logic, “pluralism” must be the key-word if one does not want to be locked in the cage of conceptions that become rapidly outdated. Dealing with the dichotomy Absolutism/Relativism in logic, it may be observed that the enterprise of logic can be considered in several - and substantially different - perspectives, among which we find (1) the psychologistic, (2) the Platonistic, and (3) the instrumentalistic viewpoints. According to (1) logic is viewed as fundamentally descriptive, and its task is taken to be that of outlining a “theory of reasoning,” i.e. a systematic account of how we humans proceed when reasoning successufully. According to (3), instead, logic’s task is that of constructing rigorous systems codifying not only actual, but also possible instrumentalities for conducting valid inferences, and these would be available (should someone want to avail himself to them) for adoption as an organon of reasoning, but no empirical claims are made that anyone has (or will) avail himself of this opportunity. The logician devises a tool or instrument for correct reasoning, but does not concern himself about the uses of this instrument. Philosophy and logic cannot be linked so closely, and today the idea that the analytic style of philosophizing is just one style among many others, and not the only possible one, is gaining increasing acceptance.
    Źródło:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2018, 17; 46-53
    2079-3715
    2309-1088
    Pojawia się w:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Skład towarów anglosaskich
    A Warehouse of Anglo-Saxon Merchandise
    Autorzy:
    Piotrowski, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553376.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii
    Tematy:
    filozofia anglosaska
    filozofia analityczna
    Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk
    Anglosaxon philosophy
    analytic philosophy
    Opis:
    Recenzja książki: Sebastian Tomasz KOŁODZIEJCZYK (red.), Przewodnik po metafizyce, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2011, s. 636.
    Review of: Sebastian Tomasz KOŁODZIEJCZYK (red.), Przewodnik po metafizyce, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2011, s. 636.
    Źródło:
    Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2013, 10; 289-293
    2299-0356
    Pojawia się w:
    Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Podstawowe założenia badań empirycznych w prawoznawstwie - próba konfrontacji
    Autorzy:
    Kotowski, Artur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788228.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-07-22
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    badania empiryczne
    filozofia analityczna
    prawoznawstwo
    empirical research
    analytic philosophy
    jurisprudence
    Opis:
    The paper is a critical analysis of fundamental assumptions for the empirical research methodology in the jurisprudence field. It is aimed to compare the profile of empirical methodology with jurisprudence-dominant analytic philosophy. This is archived through a) examining the basic profile of the positivist attitude of a researcher along with assumptions integrating empiricism, which derives from the positivist methodology, into different philosophies of the law which specifically appeal to the naturalism of the legal phenomenon; next b) detailing characteristic features of empirical methods which take jurisprudence specifics into account; and finally c) coming to a set of conclusions concerning the success of research conducted this way in the jurisprudence field.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2017, 2 (210); 87-114
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How is philosophy in science possible?
    Autorzy:
    Heller, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690864.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    philosophy in science
    philosophy of science
    metaphilosophy
    interdisciplinary research
    science and religion
    analytic philosophy
    Opis:
    The Michael Heller’s article entitled “How is philosophy in science possible?” was originally published in Polish in 1986 (see Heller, 1986) and then translated into English by Bartosz Brożek and Aeddan Shaw and published in 2011 in the collection of essays entitled Philosophy in Science. Methods and Applications (Heller, 2011). This seminal paper has founded further growth of the ‘philosophy in science’ and become the reference point in the methodological discussions, especially in Poland. On the 40th anniversary of Philosophical Problems in Science we wanted to make this paper freely available to the international public by reprinting its English version. In this issue it is followed by two additional articles-commentaries (by Paweł Polak and Kamil Trombik).
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2019, 66; 231-249
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Filozoficzne podstawy Herberta L. A. Harta teorii prawa
    Autorzy:
    Doliwa, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1632285.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-02-17
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    H. L. A. Hart
    analytic philosophy
    ordinary language philosophy
    performative use of language
    Opis:
    This article shows H. L. A. Hart as a leading representative of the analytic orientation in legal philosophy. Hart proved that the methods of analytic philosophy yield generous implications to law, where they may promote new ideas and innovative solutions. The text emphasizes the linguistic aspect of Hart’s works; his achievements in legal theory are discussed in the context of the principles of ordinary language philosophy.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2020, 83; 43-63
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Leading Metaphilosophical Values of the Lvov-Warsaw School
    Autorzy:
    Szubka, Tadeusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38423928.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
    Tematy:
    Lvov-Warsaw School
    scientific philosophy
    analytic philosophy
    Kazimierz Twardowski
    Zygmunt Zawirski
    Izydora Dąmbska
    Opis:
    The article explores the concept of scientific philosophy as understood by members of the Lvov-Warsaw School. The author argues that according to Twardowski and his students, philosophy should be done as an exact discipline which ought to be pursued in critical and collaborative spirit. Selected views on scientific philosophy are analyzed, including ideas of Ajdukiewicz, Zawirski, and Dąmbska. It is claimed that though the conception of scientific philosophy is beset with crucial and fundamental ambiguities, it was far more important for the Lvov-Warsaw School than the idea of analytic philosophy.
    Źródło:
    Filozofia Nauki; 2022, 30, 1; 47-52
    1230-6894
    2657-5868
    Pojawia się w:
    Filozofia Nauki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Etyka w ujęciu Józefa M. Bocheńskiego
    Autorzy:
    Andrzejuk, Artur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1966034.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Naukowe Towarzystwo Tomistyczne
    Tematy:
    Józef Bocheński
    etyka
    moralność
    tomizm
    filozofia analityczna
    Ethics
    morality
    Thomism
    analytic philosophy
    Opis:
    The notion of ethics has been developed by Bocheński in four areas: 1. Ethics is a normative science regarding human behaviour. Its scientific character means a „systematic research on a particular part of reality”. In the result of its normativity it „not only describes object but also indicates what this object should be like”. When speaks of human behaviour it „makes research on this set of acts who derive consciously (voluntarily) from human free will”. 2. Ethics as a normative science makes research and establishes general goal of human activity and then it considers, from the psychological point of view, a nature of human act which should be an act of realisation of a goal. In this way ethics works out the problem of ethical norm, a principle which should be followed to fulfill human act in order to achieve a goal proper to human being. Additionally, when ethics is grounded in Christian Revelation we may apply the matter of grace as supernatural support from God in fulfilling ethically good human act. 3. „There are two areas of each properly constructed ethics”. The first, in a theoretical way considers five sets of problems: the general goal of human act, the structure of human act, the problem of moral norms, the theory of character and the subject of God’s grace. The aim of the second area is practical analysis of particular features of human character, we understand them as „steady dispo-sition toward proceeding human act easily and energetic” according to a moral norm. 4. Ethics understood in that way can be atrributed to each human being. Hence, each men should adopt and cultivate in himself all properties and ethical norms. „Each human being should posses entirely human and Christian character”. 5. Individual human life shows that a teacher suppose to be equippped in some properties more than a merchant. For that reason, even there exists unity in ethics in general, we may speak of particular ethics. They consists of general ethics and on that ground they develop further principles in particular domains. In the result there may exist business ethics, academic ethics, ethics of prie-sthood, political ethics and military one.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Tomistyczny; 2020, 1, 9; 385-391
    2300-1976
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Tomistyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kategoria filozofii analitycznej. Uwagi o kształtowaniu się terminu
    The Category of Analytic Philosophy. Remarks About the Development of the Term
    Autorzy:
    Szubka, Tadeusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015628.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    filozofia analityczna
    filozofia spekulatywna
    analiza logiczna
    naturalizm
    analytic philosophy
    speculative philosophy
    logical analysis
    naturalism
    Opis:
    The paper gives an account of the origins of the term „analytic philosophy”. The term appeared in the paper Impressions and Appraisals of Analytic Philosophy in Europe by Ernest Nagel, published in 1936, and was subsequently employed by G. Bergmann, H. H. Price, and especially A. Pap. It has both descriptive and normative uses. In its descriptive use it refers to a certain movement in contemporary philosophy. In its normative use it stands for a proper way of doing philosophy, that is the way which provides us with carefully justified conclusions in clear language. Unfortunately, these two different uses are often conflated.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2004, 52, 2
    0035-7685
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Filozoficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Fourfold Route to Empirical Enlightenment: Experimental Philosophy’s Adolescence and the Changing Body of Work
    Autorzy:
    Barnard, Robert
    Ulatowski, Joseph
    Weinberg, Jonathan M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142985.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
    Tematy:
    metaphilosophy
    experimental philosophy
    methodology
    history of analytic philosophy
    empirical philosophy
    ordinary language philosophy
    Arne Næss
    J. L. Austin
    Opis:
    The time has come to consider whether experimental philosophy’s (“x-phi”) early arguments, debates, and conceptual frameworks, that may have worn well in its early days, fit with the diverse range of projects undertaken by experimental philosophers. Our aim is to propose a novel taxonomy for x-phi that identifies four paths from empirical findings to philosophical consequences, which we call the “fourfold route.” We show how this taxonomy can be fruitfully applied even at what one might have taken to be the furthest edges of possible applications of x-phi in metaphysics and formal philosophy. Ultimately, the fourfold route helps us understand a different kind of empirical fact: the development of x-phi itself.
    Źródło:
    Filozofia Nauki; 2021, 29, 2; 77-113
    1230-6894
    2657-5868
    Pojawia się w:
    Filozofia Nauki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Philosophy in science: A name with a long intellectual tradition
    Autorzy:
    Polak, Paweł Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690848.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    Michael Heller
    philosophy in science
    metaphilosophy
    analytic philosophy
    Lvov-Warsaw School
    non-foundational philosophy
    interdisciplinary research
    science and religion
    Opis:
    This paper presents Michael Heller’s notion of “philosophy in science” and re-introduces Michael Heller’s classical text that first presented this concept of philosophy entitled How is “philosophy in science” possible?. The paper discusses the historical context of Heller’s idea as it emerged from the discussions and works of the Krakow philosophical scene and discusses the basic tenants of this philosophy, its analytic character, the role of intellectual tradition in the development of this philosophy, and the critical role played by an interdisciplinary dialogue between philosophy, science, and theology. Despite the idea of philosophy in science having emerged about 40 years ago, this concept still inspires and fuels innovative research. The notion of “philosophy in science” lies at the foundations of the philosophy published in two journals: Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce) and Philosophy in Science.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2019, 66; 251-270
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zagadnienia filozoficzne w pracach Lewisa Carrolla
    Philosophical Questions in Lewis Carroll’s Works
    Autorzy:
    Głąb, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013937.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Lewis Carroll
    absurd
    język
    filozofia analityczna
    logika
    Ludwig Wittgenstein
    absurdity
    language
    analytic philosophy
    logic
    Opis:
    The article tries to answer the following questions: Why did Lewis Carroll’s ideas, expressed in the form of fairy tales, fascinate numerous analytical philosophers? What does Carroll’s contribution to the contemporary logic and philosophy consist in? The basic thesis of the article is that Lewis Carroll – remaining in the Anglo-Saxon tradition of David Hume’s and George Berkeley’s philosophy – supplied material illustrating the problems connected with the use of language. He showed how improper use of language leads to formation of philosophical problems. The article presents Carroll’s output. He was one of the pioneers of symbolic logic that he  developed in Boole’s and De Morgan’s tradition – in the field of the so-called recreation mathematics that he popularized in the form of riddles, puzzles, doublets and puns, compared by some logicians to a formal system. The article presents the essence of the theory of language developed by Carroll, in which language may be something hermetic with only one person having access to it (the case of Humpty Dumpty), but also something common, something social (Alice’s conversation with the White King). Attention is paid to the fact that Carroll differentiated between what is nonsensical and what is absurd (the criterion being its relation to logic). It is pointed that Carroll’s aim was first of all discovering the nonsense that is hidden behind the formulation of a metaphysical problem. In the article also the connections are studied between Carroll and Ludwig Wittgenstein, the relation between them being seen in the view that absurd introduced by means of humor is a kind of vaccine that is supposed to protect us from forming absurdity in philosophy. In conclusion it is stated that Carroll’s ideas that are the most significant for analytic philosophers are concerned with the nature of language that is not a transparent medium for him, but something that offers resistance when we communicate with others, as well as something that may be flexible and adjusted to our will. By manipulating language Carroll shows in what way philosophy balances between sense and nonsense and how often philosophical questions arise from erroneous use of language and erroneous posing of problems.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2005, 53, 1; 55-85
    0035-7685
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Filozoficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analytical Philosophy of History in Poland. Inspirations and Interpretations
    Autorzy:
    Kowalewski Jahromi, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311954.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    Analytic Philosophy of History
    Lviv‑Warsaw School
    Marxist theory of history
    Poznan School of Methodology
    Opis:
    Analytic philosophy is sometimes understood in opposition to continental tradition. In this article, I would like to show that a Lviv‑Warsaw School shared many fundamental traits with analytic orientation. In afterwar Poland, this tradition clashed with the dialectical materialism that lacks strong scientific tradition but had the full support of the communist party. This situation produced a unique scenario in which the methodology of science could strive as a mainstream area. A crucial role was attributed to the theory of history.
    Źródło:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2021, 51, Spec. iss.; 39-63
    0073-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    "Logika i język" pół wieku później
    "Logic and Language" a Half Century Later
    Autorzy:
    Szubka, Tadeusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561350.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    Jerzy Pelc
    semiotyka logiczna
    filozofia języka
    filozofia analityczna
    filozofia w Polsce
    logical semiotics
    philosophy of language
    analytic philosophy
    Polish philosophy
    Opis:
    An extensive Polish anthology Logic and Language, for which Jerzy Pelc selected and translated a number of papers, has been for many years an invaluable resource in teaching and research. It has provided a helpful and instructive picture of some essential debates within analytic philosophy. However, in addition to several crucial essays, which firmly belong to the core texts of this tradition, the anthology includes also marginal and insignificant papers. And what is even more surprising, Pelc has passed over contributions of a few hugely influential philosophers (G. E. Moore, L. Wittgenstein, W. V. Quine, J. L. Austin, and H. P. Grice), and the justification of his selection given in the preface to the collection is incomplete and far from convincing.
    Obszerna antologia Logika i język z analitycznej filozofii języka, do której J. Pelc wybrał i przełożył teksty, była przez wiele lat wykorzystywana w nauczaniu i badaniach w Polsce. W udany sposób przedstawia niektóre dyskusje toczone w ramach filozofii analitycznej. Jednakże obok tekstów kluczowych, które weszły do kanonu tej tradycji, zawiera także prace marginalne i mało znaczące. Zaskakujące jest pominięcie przez Pelca kilku bardzo ważnych filozofów i ich dorobku (G. E. Moore’a, L. Wittgensteina, W. V. Quine’a, J. L. Austina i H. P. Grice’a), a podane we wstępie do antologii uzasadnienie tych braków jest niekompletne i mało przekonujące.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 2
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Metaphysics of the Incarnation in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy of Religion
    Autorzy:
    Dobrzeniecki, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1603538.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    the Chalcedonian dogma
    Christology
    Analytic Philosophy of Religion
    the relative identity
    the Incarnation
    borrowed properties
    Opis:
    The paper presents the latest achievements of analytic philosophers of religion in Christology. My goal is to defend the literal/metaphysical reading of the Chalcedonian dogma of the hypostatic union. Some of the contemporary Christian thinkers claim that the doctrine of Jesus Christ as both perfectly divine and perfectly human is self-contradictory (I present this point of view on the example of John Hick) and, therefore, it should be understood metaphorically. In order to defend the consistency of the conciliar theology, I refer to the work of, among others, Eleonore Stump, William Hasker, Peter Geach and Kevin Sharpe. As a result, I conclude that recent findings in analytic metaphysics provide an ontological scaffolding that explains away the objection of the incompatibility of the doctrine of the hypostatic union. In order to confirm this conclusion such metaphysical topics as properties attribution (what it means for an object to have a property), relation of identity (what it means for an object x to be identical with object y), and essentialism and kind membership (what it means for an object to belong necessarily to a kind) are scrutinized in detail.
    Źródło:
    Verbum Vitae; 2021, 39, 2; 571-587
    1644-8561
    2451-280X
    Pojawia się w:
    Verbum Vitae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena trafności zarzutów przeciw ateizmowi semantycznemu Bohdana Chwedeńczuka
    Evaluation of critiques against Bohdan Chwedeńczuk’s semantic atheism
    Autorzy:
    Remisiewicz, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18655136.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    ateizm semantyczny
    filozofia analityczna
    ignostycyzm
    filozofia religii
    Koło Wiedeńsk
    semantic atheism
    analytic philosophy
    ignosticism
    philosophy of religion
    Vienna Circle
    Opis:
    The article is diverse on two parts. In the first part, the author refers assumptions of Bohdan Chwedeńczuk book, “Przekonania religijne” [Religious Beliefs] that was devoted to justify the thesis according to which religious statements are meaningless. He emphasizes a role of so called Hume Requirement that was postulated as a demarcation line between meaningful and meaningless words in Chwedeńczuk argumentation chain. Next he indicates main objections against the Requirement which were considered by Chweden czuk. The second part of the article is a discussion with critiques that were emerging after publishing of “Przekonania”. Such philosophers as J. J. Jadacki, M. Przełęcki, K. Kondrat, M. Pawliszyn, W. Wolan czyk and I. Ziemin ski formulated a number of arguments against the thesis about meaninglessness of religious statements. Author shows that Jadacki, Przełęcki and Ziemin ski presented compelling arguments which cannot be undermine basing on the “Przekonania” text, thus these objections must be included if the Chweden czuk’s theory could be considered as justified. Arguments formulated by Kondrat and Wolan czyk are possible to refute and Pawliszyn’s critique is pointless.
    Źródło:
    Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris; 2018, 41, 2; 98-125
    1689-4286
    Pojawia się w:
    Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Performatyw: suwerenna władza zamiast subwersji? (Austin, Derrida, Butler)
    The Performative: Sovereign power rather than subversion? (Austin, Derrida, and Butler)
    Autorzy:
    Vatsov, Dimitar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1391811.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-11-24
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    performative
    illocutionary power
    Derrida
    Butler
    Austin
    analytic philosophy
    critical theory
    performatyw
    siła illokucyjna
    filozofia analityczna
    teoria krytyczna
    Opis:
    In contrast to Derrida and Butler, who overemphasized the subversive force of performatives, here the focus is on the immanent (micro-)sovereign power of performative utterances. Hence, what is proposed here is a search for the basic concept of power at the micro-level of speech acts. Before being codified with reference to certain stable power relations or contexts and before being objectified in different forms of domination and/or violence, power must be analyzed at the level of immediate performatives, where the struggle for power-codification could be followed in vivo. A task like this requires a conceptual shift: the illocutionary force of speech acts must be reinterpreted as their immediate evaluative force, i.e. as illocutionary power. Taking into account Derrida’s critique of Austin’s theory of speech acts, we should recognize that performatives are not singular or atomistic speech acts, nor are they pre-determined by certain already given contexts or procedures. They are embedded in a citation and trace signs, without any final or autonomous signification. And yet, performatives have a specific kind of sovereignty. It is not the sovereignty of the ‘act’ itself but of the act’s performance. The actual (in the sense of ‘ongoing’) performance has an immediate force that is irreversible and also non-citable. Even in the case of a direct citation, a citing performance sediments into an irreversible arrow, thus immediately reordering and re-evaluating all points in its trajectory. This performance does not fulfill a perspective, but it irreversibly forms a perspective. This effect of the virtuosity of an immediate performance could be called the power effect since it not only demonstrates how we make things with words, but also how we re-evaluate the things that were made through words. If an ongoing performance is such an immediate source of micro-power, then its role is not only to be ironically subversive and resistant to the already existing macro-codifications of power and domination. Performatives have their own sovereign power and are therefore capable of a direct affirmation and re-affirmation of the intersubjective frames of our experience.
    Źródło:
    Przestrzenie Teorii; 2015, 23; 217-240
    2450-5765
    Pojawia się w:
    Przestrzenie Teorii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mysticism and Early Analytic Philosophy
    Autorzy:
    Dobrzeniecki, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2007504.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-27
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Katolicka w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Ludwig Wittgenstein
    Bertrand Russell
    wczesna filozofia analityczna
    mistycyzm filozoficzny
    atomizm logiczny
    early analytic philosophy
    philosophical mysticism
    logical atomism
    Opis:
    Early analytic philosophy is known for its logical rigor that seems to leave no place for non-rational sources of knowledge such as mystical experiences. The following paper shows on the example of Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein that despite of this early analytic philosophy was interested in mysticism and it also shows the roots of this interest. For Russell an application of logical methods to solving philosophical puzzled was an expression of a more fundamental striving – to know the world as it is, sub specie aeternitatis – which is mystical in nature. In turn early Wittgenstein’s philosophy sets the limits of meaningful propositions and provides the distinction between what can be said and what can only be shown and what manifests itself in the world. The latter belongs to the realm of the mystical.
    Źródło:
    Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne; 2021, 34, 1; 109-126
    0209-3782
    2719-7530
    Pojawia się w:
    Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Filozofia jako dyscyplina humanistyczna
    Philosophy as a Humanistic Discipline
    Autorzy:
    Williams, Bernard
    Pijas, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488535.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Bernard Williams
    filozofia
    metafilozofia
    nauki humanistyczne
    historia
    rozumienie
    scjentyzm
    relatywizm
    filozofia analityczna
    philosophy
    metaphilosophy
    humanities
    history
    making sense
    scientism
    relativism
    analytic philosophy
    Opis:
    Tekst ten jest zapisem wykładu wygłoszonego przez Williamsa w Królewskim Instytucie Filozofii 23 lutego 2000 r., na trzy lata przed śmiercią. Jest on swoistym testamentem filozoficznym autora Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, w którym przedstawia swoją wizję filozofii jako dziedziny humanistycznej. Zdaniem Williamsa istnieją poważne racje uzasadniające odrzucenie radykalnych stanowisk metafilozoficznych, takich jak scjentyzm, relatywizm czy pragmatyzm. Zwolennicy tych stanowisk zapoznają istotne różnice między filozofią i nauką, a przez to nie potrafią sformułować takiego obrazu świata, który umożliwiłby nam sensowne rozumienie nas samych i naszych różnorodnych aktywności intelektualnych i praktycznych. Podstawowym błędem jest tutaj zignorowanie faktu, że nauka dysponuje teorią błędu, pozwalającą zinterpretować jej rozwój jako dokonujący się za pośrednictwem racji poznawczych, podczas gdy koncepcje filozoficzne podlegają rozmaitym pozapoznawczym uwarunkowaniom, zwłaszcza determinacji poprzez historię i kulturę. Według Williamsa nie jest to jednak powód do odrzucenia filozofii. Jakkolwiek nauka góruje nad filozofią w aspekcie poznawczym, to nie jest ona w stanie dostarczyć nam bogatego samorozumienia, co może i powinno stać się celem filozofii, jeżeli tylko odrzucimy próby upodobnienia jej do nauki i skupimy się na najważniejszych faktach dotyczących istot ludzkich. Nie jesteśmy bowiem czysto racjonalnymi inteligencjami, lecz raczej istotami z krwi i kości, ukształtowanymi przez naszą biologię, psychologię, historię i kulturę, istotami mającymi wiele złożonych potrzeb, których nie da się zredukować do potrzeb czysto poznawczych.
    This text was delivered by Williams as a lecture to The Royal Institute of Philosophy on 23 February 2000, three years before Williams` passing. It can be understood as a philosophical testament of the author of Ethics and The Limits of Philosophy, in which he presents his vision of philosophy as a humanistic discipline. According to Williams there are serious reasons supporting the rejection of extreme metaphilosophical positions such as scientism, relativism or pragmatism. Advocates of those standpoints misconceive the essential differences between philosophy and science, and as a consequence they are unable to formulate an outlook that would allow us to acquire a meaningful understanding of ourselves and of our various intellectual and practical activities. The basic mistake here is to ignore the fact that science has a theory of error, which allows us to interpret its historical development as a process motivated by epistemic reasons, while philosophical concepts also undergo various non-epistemic determinations, especially determination by history and culture. Williams does not think that it is a sufficient reason to reject philosophy. Science may be superior to philosophy in cognitive aspects; however, it is unable to provide us with a rich self-understanding, a task that can and should be the aim of philosophy, if only we abandon attempts to liken it to science and focus on the most important facts about human beings—mainly, that we are not purely rational intelligences, but flesh-and-blood beings shaped by our biology, psychology, history and culture, beings that have many complex needs that can`t be reduced to purely cognitive ones.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2017, 65, 4; 325-350
    0035-7685
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Filozoficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kłopoty z inzynierią filozoficzną
    PROBLEMS WITH PHILOSOPHICAL ENGINEERING
    Autorzy:
    Bogacz, Jaromir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    ANALYTIC SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY
    JACQUES DERRIDA
    JOHN SEARLE
    LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY
    SEMANTIC WEB
    Opis:
    Hilary Putnam once wrote that all these very abstract and seemingly idle philosophical arguments eventually lead to major discoveries in the felds of politics, science, etc. Following this remark, I would like to draw a connection between two debates. The first one is the famous exchange between Jacques Derrida and John Searle - perhaps the most important confrontation between continental and analytic school of philosophy. The second one, far less known, took place at the beginning of our century on the www-tag mailing list. Here Tim Berners-Lee, creator of World Wide Web, and Pat Hayes, one of the leading figures in the field of Artificial Intelligence, were discussing the future of Semantic Web - a very ambitious project from the borderland of AI and network science. My goal is not only to highlight some apparent similarities among arguments used in these two debates. Rather, I would like to show that these arguments are embedded in larger discourses, which, consequently, shape the future of our technological environment.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Kulturoznawczy; 2011, 1(9); 7-23
    1895-975X
    2084-3860
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Podstawowe zagadnienia współczesnej filozofii języka, filozofii językoznawstwa oraz filozofii lingwistycznej
    Autorzy:
    Stalmaszczyk, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049981.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-01-25
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
    Tematy:
    analytic philosophy
    philosophy of language
    philosophy of linguistics
    linguistic philosophy
    theory of language
    linguistic methodology
    semantics
    pragmatics
    filozofia analityczna
    filozofia języka
    filozofia językoznawstwa
    filozofia lingwistyczna
    teoria języka
    metodologia językoznawstwa
    semantyka
    pragmatyka
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowych zagadnień współczesnej filozofii języka (zwłaszcza w ujęciu analitycznym) oraz filozofii językoznawstwa i filozofii lingwistycznej, a także relacji między poszczególnymi dyscyplinami. Dla potrzeb niniejszej dyskusji językoznawstwo można określić jako systemowe badanie języka naturalnego, a filozofię języka jako systemowe badanie podstawowych pojęć związanych z naturą i właściwościami języka (zarówno języka naturalnego, jak i języków formalnych). Filozofia językoznawstwa, jako gałąź filozofii nauki, ma za swój przedmiot systemową refleksję nad teoriami językoznawczymi i metodami badań językoznawczych, natomiast filozofia lingwistyczna jest metodą lub techniką badania języka, również języka potocznego. W artykule dokonano również przeglądu zawartości wybranych encyklopedycznych i podręcznikowych pozycji poświęconych filozofii języka.
    The article discusses key concepts in contemporary philosophy of language (especially analytic), and also philosophy of linguistics, and linguistic philosophy, and the relations between these domains. Whereas linguistics, the scientific study of language, is concerned with theoretical and applied analyses of human natural language and with constructing appropriate levels of linguistic representation, philosophy of language provides (philosophical) investigations into the phenomenon of language in general, concentrating especially on the problems of meaning, reference, truth, and understanding. More recent approaches to philosophy of language considerably extend this field of investigation. Linguistic philosophy can be described as an approach to the philosophy of language, a philosophical method; further on, philosophy of linguistics offers philosophical reflections on linguistic inquiries and linguistic theories. The article investigates mutual relations among these disciplines, offers necessary terminological clarification, and provides an overview of recent studies devoted to philosophy of language.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Copernicana; 2022, 18; 137-161
    2080-1068
    2391-7768
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Copernicana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pomiędzy tradycją a filozofią analityczną. Karola Frenkla (1891–1920) droga do etyki naukowej
    Between tradition and analytic philosophy. Karl Frenkel’s (1891-1920) path to scientific ethics
    Autorzy:
    Konstańczak, Stefan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233576.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-12-22
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    Karol Frenkel
    tradycyjna etyka
    filozofia analityczna
    szkoła lwowsko-warszawska
    etyka niezależna
    Karl Frenkel
    traditional ethics
    analytic philosophy
    Lviv-Warsaw School
    independent ethics
    Opis:
    Karol Frenkel za przedmiot swych badań obrał wewnętrzną potrzebę rozliczenia się z tradycją, w której został wychowany. Wypracował oryginalną koncepcję etyki niezależnej. W swojej rozprawie doktorskiej przeanalizował dwa konkurencyjne systemy etyczne sformułowane przez Davida Hume’a oraz Artura Schopenhauera, które doszukiwały się determinant etycznych w sferze afektywnej. Propozycje te okazały się dla niego niezadowalające i dlatego zaproponował własne rozwiązanie, które wyprowadził z przyjętego przez siebie rozumienia pojęcia moralności. Z dzisiejszej perspektywy było to pierwsza w Polsce próba sformułowania koncepcji etyki analitycznej, która – chronologicznie rzecz ujmując – wyprzedzała analogiczne rozwiązania zaproponowane przez Georga Moore’a w Principia ethica.
    Karol Frenkel took as the object of his research the inner need to come to terms with the tradition in which he had been brought up. He developed an original conception of independent ethics. In his doctoral thesis, he analysed two competing ethical systems formulated by David Hume and Arthur Schopenhauer, which sought ethical determinants in the affective sphere. These proposals proved unsatisfactory to him, which is why he proposed his own solution, derived from his understanding of the concept of morality. From today’s perspective, it was the first attempt to formulate a concept of analytic ethics, which chronologically speaking preceded the analogous solutions proposed by George Moore in Principia Ethica.
    Źródło:
    Galicja. Studia i materiały; 2022, 8: "Filozofia w Galicji III"; 264-283
    2450-5854
    Pojawia się w:
    Galicja. Studia i materiały
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kilka uwag o aktualności filozofii metafizycznej
    On the importance of metaphysics for philosophy and culture
    Autorzy:
    Borda, Michał
    Tetela, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/607323.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    metaphysics
    philosophy
    culture
    rationality
    existential and spiritual experience
    anti-metaphysical directions
    positivism
    analytic philosophy
    Thomistic philosophy
    metafizyka
    filozofia
    kultura
    racjonalność
    doświadczenia duchowe i egzystencjalne
    kierunki antymetafizyczne
    pozytywizm
    filozofia analityczna
    filozofia tomistyczna
    Opis:
    The article discusses the characteristics of a philosophical and cultural dispute with metaphysics and about metaphysics itself. The criticism of metaphysics and its revival in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is discussed here. In the first part, the most important philosophical directions dealing with issues of metaphysics are presented: metaphysical idealism, anti-metaphysical positivism and neo-positivism, analytic philosophy versus metaphysics on the example of L. Wittgenstein, the revision of the metaphysical tradition and new investigations in metaphysics. The second part of the article concerns the picture of natural metaphysics including the mathematical-empirical method of researching the world. In the conclusion of the article, a thesis is put forward on searching for new metaphysics which will include a wider sphere of rationality and existential and spiritual experience.
    Źródło:
    Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne; 2017, 31; 179-197
    0209-3472
    Pojawia się w:
    Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluating the Analytic - Continental Divide: Impact on Education in Croatia
    Autorzy:
    Novak, Ivona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628097.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
    Tematy:
    Analytic-continental divide, gulf between traditions, teaching philosophy, problem-based approach, historical approach, cooperation at an academic level.
    Opis:
    Contemporary Western philosophy has been generally perceived as one that encompasses two divergent traditions of philosophical thought: analytic and continental. A number of writers have drawn attention to the difficulty of explaining the differences between them. A small number of authors have even questioned the credibility of the analytic-continental division. In this paper I argue that the gulf between traditions is real and has a negative impact on three elements of education in Croatia: philosophy as an academic subject, students and university professors. Before delving into the aforementioned issue, I briefly specify areas of philosophical inquiry where the gulf is the most evident. I end paper with several suppositions concerning the future path of both traditions, which are mostly based on the idea of cooperation between analytic and continental philosophers as it would profoundly contribute to the advancement of teaching philosophy.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2014, 5, 2; 195-208
    2081-1640
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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