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    Wyświetlanie 1-21 z 21
    Tytuł:
    Język agresji u dzieci z rodzin dysfunkcyjnych
    Children’s language of aggression from dysfunctional families
    Autorzy:
    Sileńska, Aleksandra
    Szpunar, Kamila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029587.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    aggressive language
    aggressive behaviour
    children
    adolescents
    Opis:
    Language of aggression, which is the subject of this article, is closely linked with the concept of aggression. Aggression is understood as any form of behaviour directed at causing damage or causing injury to another living creature. The article presents a pilot study about aggressive language and behaviour of children from dysfunctional families. Sample consisted of 12 children, aged 7 through 12, from dysfunctional families. Competent referees made observation of children’s language and behaviour using observation questionnaire. The observation took part during their activities at a community day care social centre. The result showed that referees agreed that the children from the study sample often used aggressive language and behave aggressively. There is a lack of this kind of studies.
    Źródło:
    Człowiek i Społeczeństwo; 2020, 50
    0239-3271
    Pojawia się w:
    Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Self-Concept as a Correlate of Aggressive Behaviour among Undergraduate Students of the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    Autorzy:
    Ajiboye, Samuel Kolawole
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233946.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    self-concept
    aggressive behaviour
    correlates
    undergraduates
    university
    Opis:
    Aggressive behaviour is a menace that has lasting consequences on the victims and the perpetrator, which could result in school avoidance, poor academic performance, dropout, and others. Thus, the study investigated the correlation between self-concept and aggressive behaviour among undergraduate students of the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 720, with 386 male and 334 female participants. An instrument titled “Self-concept and Aggressive Behaviour Questionnaire (SABQ)” was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was subjected to test-retest reliability, and a value of r=77 was obtained. The research questions were answered using mean summation and average, while the hypotheses were tested with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and the t-test statistics. The results revealed a low level of self-concept among respondents; males have a lower self-concept than female undergraduate students. There was a high level of aggressive behaviour among respondents; males have more aggressive behaviour than females. There was significant mean difference between male and female respondents in their self-concept and aggressive behaviour. It was recommended that school guidance counsellors design and implement programmes that could enhance self-concept and reduce aggressive behaviour among undergraduate students of universities.
    Źródło:
    The New Educational Review; 2023, 72; 96-107
    1732-6729
    Pojawia się w:
    The New Educational Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Manifestations of Pupil Aggression towards Teachers in Elementary and Secondary Schools
    Autorzy:
    Kohútová, Jana
    Emmerová, Ingrid
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1997315.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    aggression
    pupil
    teacher
    pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers
    Opis:
    The study focuses on pupils’ aggression towards teachers. The goal of the study was to determine a statistically significant relationship between the forms of aggressive behaviour and the age of teachers and the length of their teaching experience. The research sample consisted of 268 teachers of elementary schools, secondary vocational schools and grammar schools in the region of Banská Bystrica. Results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between teachers’ age and the years of teaching experience in three forms of aggressive behaviour: refusal to obey instructions, intentional disruption and ironic remarks. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the length of teachers’ teaching experience and destruction of school property.
    Źródło:
    The New Educational Review; 2017, 50; 17-25
    1732-6729
    Pojawia się w:
    The New Educational Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pupils’ Aggressive Behaviour towards Teachers in Elementary Schools in Slovakia
    Autorzy:
    Niklová, Miriam
    Šajgalová, Michaela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2004882.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    aggressive behaviour
    pupils
    elementary schools
    teacher authority
    aggression
    prevention
    Opis:
    Pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers is a serious educational problem prompting social need for its solution in the school environment. The present research study aims to monitor the current state of pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers. The study is of a theoretical-empirical nature. At the theoretical level, the issue is relatively little treated in the Slovak professional literature. It is paid more attention by foreign authors. The empirical section of the study presents results of our research conducted in Slovakia in 2016 among teachers of the elementary school second level in the Banská Bystrica and Žilina regions, as well as among professional staff at centres for pedagogical counselling and prevention. The research paid special attention to forms of aggressive behaviour, gender differences and causes of these serious behavioural disorders in pupils. Pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers may have a variety of forms of which the verbal form such as back-talking and vulgarisms towards teachers is the most frequent. Gender differences recorded in pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers showed the prevalence of boys. From the aspect of causes of pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers, those were mainly improper parenting and a lack of teacher authority.
    Źródło:
    The New Educational Review; 2016, 46; 104-115
    1732-6729
    Pojawia się w:
    The New Educational Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Manifestations of Aggression and Perception of Parental Attitudes – Comparative Studies. Changes over Time (New Version)
    Autorzy:
    Liberska, Hanna
    Farnicka, Marzanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049003.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    parental attitudes
    aggressive behaviour
    adolescents
    family conditionings of aggression
    Opis:
    Results of some research performed in Poland have evidenced a relation between the aggressive behaviour of adolescents and the parental attitude perceived by them as improper. According to the results of the earlier studies of authors, significant differences were observed between the levels of aggression manifested by girls and boys and in certain dimensions the aggression of adolescent girls was higher than that of boys. Recently study was undertaken to check the stability of differences related to the sex and aggressive behaviour of adolescents. The research was conducted twice. First in the year 2002 (stage I) and again after 10 years in 2013 (stage II). The data for analysis were collected in the Questionnaire of Perception of Parental Attitudes composed by Plopa and the Questionnaire on Aggressive Behaviour prepared by Wójcik. At the stage I the subjects were 86 young people (56 girls and 30 boys) aged 17 – 19, and in stage II, in 2013, the subjects of the study were 80 adolescents (40 girls and 40 boys) aged 17 – 19. The comparative analysis of the results from 2002 and 2013 has shown a limited stability of relation between the perception of parental attitudes as improper and aggressive behavior of adolescents as well as sexual differentiations of aggressive behavior.
    Źródło:
    Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 5(105); 128-147
    1230-266X
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura i Edukacja
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Risk factors increasing aggressive behaviour in psychiatric patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders
    Czynniki zwiększonego ryzyka zachowań agresywnych u pacjentów hospitalizowanych psychiatrycznie z rozpoznaniem choroby dwubiegunowej, schizofrenii i zaburzeń lękowych
    Autorzy:
    Szymaniuk, Wiktor
    Trzeciak, Katarzyna
    Balaj, Kayla
    Siembida, Jagoda
    Rajewska-Rager, Aleksandra
    Michalak, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941239.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Medical Communications
    Tematy:
    aggressive behaviour
    anxiety disorders
    bipolar affective disorder
    risk factors
    schizophrenia
    Opis:
    Violent and aggressive behaviour is a serious problem among hospitalised psychiatric patients. The aim of this study was to assess factors that may help predict violent behaviour in psychiatric inpatients. Method: The study group consisted of 107 patients hospitalised in the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (n = 58), schizophrenia (n = 39) and anxiety disorders (n = 10). Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through a review of medical records and patient interviews using a self-prepared questionnaire. Results: Of 107 respondents, aggressive behaviour occurred in 46 patients (42.99%). A low risk of aggressive behaviour was observed in 68 patients (63.6%), medium risk – in 37 patients (34.6%), and high risk – in 2 subjects (1.9%). The study demonstrated a significant association between aggressive behaviour and short duration of the illness (p = 0.002), the criminal history of the patient (p = 0.003), the use of sedatives (p = 0.04), unemployment (p = 0.00034) and male gender in patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (p = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between the incidence of violence and the main diagnosis (p = 0.56). The study showed no association with alcohol (p = 0.5) and psychoactive substance abuse (p = 0.07), age (p = 0.8), addiction in family (p = 0.1), history of suicide attempt (p = 0.08) and the lack of insight into the illness (p = 0.8). Conclusions: Based on these results, it appears that the most important factors in the occurrence of aggressive behaviour were criminal history, prior violent behaviour and short duration of the illness. The use of sedative drugs and male gender were also significant risk factors.
    Zachowania gwałtowne i agresywne są poważnym problemem wśród pacjentów hospitalizowanych psychiatrycznie. Celem pracy była ocena czynników, które mogłyby być predyktorami występowania zachowań agresywnych. Metoda: Grupę badaną stanowiło 107 pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Klinice Psychiatrii Dorosłych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu z rozpoznaniem choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej (n = 58), schizofrenii (n = 39) i zaburzeń lękowych (n = 10). Dane  socjodemograficzne i kliniczne uzyskano poprzez przegląd dokumentacji medycznej pacjenta oraz wywiad z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza własnego. Wyniki: Spośród 107 badanych zachowania agresywne występowały u 46 osób (42,99%). Niskie ryzyko zachowań agresywnych stwierdzono u 68 chorych (63,6%), średnie – u 37 (34,6%), a wysokie – u 2 (1,9%). Badanie wykazało znaczący związek między ryzykiem wystąpienia zachowań agresywnych a krótkim czasem trwania choroby (p = 0,002), karalnością pacjenta (p = 0,003), stosowaniem leków uspokajających (p = 0,04), brakiem zatrudnienia (p = 0,00034) i płcią męską w grupie osób z rozpoznaniem choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej (p = 0,03). Nie zaobserwowano istotnych statystycznie korelacji między występowaniem agresji a typem choroby (p = 0,56). Nie wykazano również związku badanej zmiennej z uzależnieniem od alkoholu (p = 0,5) i narkotyków (p = 0,07), wiekiem (p = 0,8), uzależnieniem w rodzinie chorego (p = 0,1), liczbą prób samobójczych (p = 0,08) i brakiem wglądu w chorobę (p = 0,8). Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że najważniejszymi czynnikami ryzyka zachowań agresywnych są karalność pacjenta, występowanie w przeszłości zachowań agresywnych i krótki czas trwania choroby. Istotnymi czynnikami okazały  się także stosowanie leków uspokajających oraz płeć męska.
    Źródło:
    Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2017, 17, 1; 23-32
    1644-6313
    2451-0645
    Pojawia się w:
    Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Manifestations of Aggressive Behaviour in Pupils – Theoretical Views and Research Findings
    Autorzy:
    Hollá, Katarína
    Kuricová, Viera
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16530346.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    aggressive behaviour
    BPAQ questionnaire
    physical aggression
    hostility
    cyber-bullying
    verbal aggression
    anger
    Opis:
    The study presents results of research conducted by means of the BPAQ and Cyber-Bullying Tolerance questionnaires on a sample of 788 elementary school pupils of the 8th and 9th grades. It shows an increase in verbal aggression, hostility and anger in the pupils. In terms of gender, the increase was confirmed in verbal aggression in boys and physical aggression in girls. Tolerance to cyber-bullying as a form of aggressive behaviour increases with the development of science and technology and the increase in pupils´ aggressive behaviour. Knowledge of manifestations and causes of pupils´ aggressive behaviour is the basis for the educational work of teachers and other professionals.
    Źródło:
    The New Educational Review; 2013, 34; 111-122
    1732-6729
    Pojawia się w:
    The New Educational Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zachowania agresywne i autodestruktywne a ich wpływ na postrzeganie siebie przez adolescentów
    Influence of aggressive behaviour and autoaggressive behaviour on adolescences
    Autorzy:
    Trepka-Starosta, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    agresja
    autodestrukcja
    zachowania agresywne
    zachowania autodestruktywne
    samoocena
    obraz siebie
    aggression
    autoaggression
    aggressive behaviour
    autoaggressive behaviour
    self-image
    Opis:
    Okres dojrzewania wiąże się ze zmianami biopsychospołecznymi, które stanowią dla osoby wiele wyzwań, a także źródło problemów. Jest on nazywany okresem buntu i kryzysu tożsamości. Ze względu na doświadczane czynniki stressogenne z tym okresem związane, środkami zaradczymi mogą stać się zachowania agresywne lub autodestruktywne u młodzieży. Zachowania te służą adaptacji do zmieniających się warunków, wpływają na postrzeganie siebie młodej osoby. Celem badań własnych jest określenie różnic w zakresie samooceny oraz postrzegania własnego Ja przez osoby agresywne i autodestruktywne. W badaniu wzięło udział 154 adolescentów o średniej wieku 17 lat. Metodę badawczą stanowiły kwestionariusze do badania samooceny oraz zachowań agresywnych. Wyniki nie potwierdziły istnienia istotnych różnic pomiędzy osobami agresywnymi i autodestruktywnymi
    This article presents destructive behavioral, by which is meant the agressive and autoaggressive behaviour in indirect and direct forms. A particular object of the research was study the potential differences in self-image presented by the aggressive and self-injurious adolescent induviduals. The study also addressed the issue of examining the thesis that aggression and selfaggression are mutually exclusive. The empirical part of the article presents the research conducted on a group of young people aged 16-20 years. The results showed that there is a significant relation between low self-esteem and selfdestructiveness behaviour. Researches have shown that people who show aggression are also characterized by low self-esteem, but it is only in the case of the indirect aggression. Significant correlation is not observed in the case of manifesting physical and verbal aggression. Studies have also shown that individuals with low self-esteem have tendency to irritation and injury. The presented results provide information on certain characteristics which are common to the aggressive and self-destructive individuals. A similar self-image is characterized by individuals with a tendency to resentment and self-destructiveness syndrome. Low emotional control and emotional lability is a characteristic of self-image self-injurious individuals and prone to injuries individuals. The last stage of my work was to verify the claim – whether aggression and self-aggression are mutually exclusive. Correlation of these was high, especially characteristic of both types of behaviour is to keep the disadapted beliefs about their worthlessness and also the act of self-mutilation. It turns out that these individuals have many common problems. As in the group were less self-aggressive individuals than aggressive people, so the results presented here it can be assumed that self-injurious individuals present increased irritability and are much prone to resentment. They have quite big sense of guilt and tendency to use indirect aggression and to project enmity of the environment, they are also suspicious. From my research it appears that the aggressive behaviour does not represent a specific self-image, that means we cannot talk about the typical self-image of individuals manifesting aggressive behaviour
    Źródło:
    Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe; 2016, 2; 67-86
    2451-1420
    Pojawia się w:
    Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Agresywne zachowania kibiców piłki nożnej - próba poznania zjawiska w kontekście działań profilaktycznych w szkole
    Aggressive Behaviour of Football Fans - an Attempt to Learn about the Phenomenon in the Context of Preventive Activities at School
    Autorzy:
    Kowalska, Jolanta Elżbieta
    Kostencka, Alicja
    Wronkowski, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
    Tematy:
    zachowania agresywne
    kibice piłki nożnej
    profilaktyka w szkole
    aggressive behaviour
    football supporters
    prevention at school
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest pokazanie deklarowanych agresywnych zachowań kibiców piłki nożnej, aby pobudzić do edukacyjnej refleksji nauczycieli i wychowawców w kontekście możliwości prowadzenia działań profilaktycznych w szkołach. W pracy została wykorzystana metoda sondażu diagnostycznego z techniką ankietową. Kwestionariusz ankiety został przygotowany w formie elektronicznej i zamieszczony w serwisie społecznościowym Facebook w portalach zrzeszających kibiców piłki nożnej. Przy opracowywaniu danych zastosowano test współzależności chi-kwadrat (test Pearsona). Wyniki badań wskazują, iż działania profilaktyczne w szkołach powinny iść w kierunku wzmacniania wizerunku pozytywnego kibica, zarówno tego, który ogląda mecz i jest emocjonalnie zaangażowany, jak i tego, który przyczynia się do uświetnienia rozgrywek poprzez tworzenie artystycznych opraw i utożsamia się ze swoim klubem. Należy przy tym realizować takie zadania, które będą z jednej strony budowały poczucie przynależności i tożsamości, ważne zwłaszcza w wieku dojrzewania młodego człowieka, a z drugiej będą pokazywać negatywne konsekwencje zachowań agresywnych.
    The purpose of the article is to show the possibilities of prophylactic activities among young football fans. Their declared, aggressive behaviour along with belonging to specific groups of supporters are to stimulate the educational reflection of teachers and educators.The method used was a diagnostic survey method with a questionnaire technique. The questionnaire used in the survey was prepared in an electronic form, which was posted on the Facebook social network in portals affiliating football fans. In those studies, two statistical methods were used. The research results indicate that preventive activities in schools should go towards strengthening the image of a positive fan, both the one who watches the match and is not emotionally involved in it, as well as the one that contributes to the decoration of the games by creating artistic bindings and who strongly identifies himself with his club. However, it is necessary to carry out tasks that, on the one hand, will build a sense of belonging and identity – that are particularly important especially during the adolescence of a young person, and on the other, will show the consequences of aggressive behaviour.
    Źródło:
    Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja; 2019, 22, 1(85); 112-127
    1505-8808
    2450-3428
    Pojawia się w:
    Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aggressive behaviors in domestic cats (Felis catus)
    Zachowania agresywne u kota domowego (Felis catus)
    Autorzy:
    Penar, W.
    Klocek, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2484.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    animal
    domestic animal
    cat
    domestic cat
    Felis catus
    animal behaviour
    aggressive behaviour
    biological factor
    psychological factor
    environmental factor
    Opis:
    Aggressive behaviors in domestic cats (Felis catus) Behavioral issues of cats include: furniture scratching, aggression, anxiety, over-stimulation, exaggerated vocalizations and excreting outside the litter box. Among these, aggression - both passive and active – is the most commonly encountered problem. Aggressive behavior is a complex phenomenon, dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. Among the factors leading to agonistic behavior two categories are distinguished: psychobiological factors (which include biochemical and physiological processes, disposition and mood, emotional reactions, motor actions and vegetative reactions) and environmental factors (such as incorrect socialization, unfriendly surroundings or irresponsible animal owners) . The most widespread type of aggression in cats reared in groups is linked to the desire to gain and maintain their territory. Another type of agonistic behavior is one born out of fear, exhibited by cats in a crisis situation once there is no escape route, and the animal is certain it has to fight to survive. This behavior differs from others in that aggression is here the last resort and not the first response to a disturbing situation. Another source of aggression may be anxiety caused by a sudden change in the environment, the presence of people and other animals. An interesting type of aggression linked to the natural hunting sequence of cats is aggression during play, which especially affects cats during adolescence. While working with an aggressive animal, a caregiver has a range of different mitigating and calming measures at hand, but their proper selection requires experience and cooperation with a veterinarian and a behaviorist).
    Zachowania agresywne u kota domowego (Felis catus). Wśród problemów behawioralnych kotów wymienia się: drapanie mebli, agresję, stany lękowe, nadmierne pobudzenie, przesadną wokalizację i wydalanie poza kuwetą, z których to właśnie agresja, zarówno bierna jak i czynna są spotykane najczęściej. Zachowania agresywne są zjawiskiem złożonym, uzależnionym zarówno od czynników genetycznych, jak i środowiskowych. Wśród czynników prowadzących do agresji można wyróżnić czynniki psychobiologiczne, do których zaliczyć można przebieg procesów fizjologicznych, usposobienie i nastrój, reakcje emocjonalne, akty motoryczne oraz reakcje wegetatywne, oraz czynniki środowiskowe, takie jak błędna socjalizacja, nieprzyjazne otoczenie czy nieodpowiedzialni właściciele zwierząt. Najczęstszym typem agresji u kotów utrzymywanych w grupach, jest chęć zdobycia i utrzymania swojego terytorium. Innym typem agresji, jest agresja ze strachu którą przejawia kot "przyparty do muru", gdy nie widzi już możliwości ucieczki, i w swoim mniemaniu, walczy o życie. Ten sposób zachowania różni się od innych tym, że jest on ostatnim, a nie pierwszym elementem odpowiedzi na niepokojącą sytuację. Źródłem agresji może być lęk spowodowany nagłą zmianą w otoczeniu, obecnością ludzi i innych zwierząt. Ciekawym typem agresji, powiązanej z łańcuchem łowieckim, jest agresja podczas zabawy, która dotyczy zwłaszcza kotów w okresie dorastania. W przypadku pracy ze zwierzęciem agresywnym opiekun ma do dyspozycji szereg różnych środków łagodzących i uspakajających jednak ich prawidłowy dobór wymaga doświadczenia i współpracy z lekarzem weterynarii i behawiorystą.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science; 2018, 57[2]
    1898-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The technique of study of the behaviour types modelling in mind of junior schoolchildren with disordered speech development
    Autorzy:
    Olena, Belova,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890329.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-28
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
    Tematy:
    aggression
    aggressive behaviour
    aggressive behaviour modelling
    junior schoolchildren with the disorders of speech development
    children with phonetic speech disorders
    phonetic-phonemic speech disorders
    unsharpy manifested general speech disorders
    controlled aggression
    competitive aggression
    defence aggression
    depresive aggression
    demonstrative
    physical aggression
    Opis:
    The paper proves that the problem of aggressive behaviour of schoolchildren under the conditions of nowadays life is of a particular importance so far as pedagogical experience confirms that the tendency to increasing of the aggression level among the children of school age are observed; this influences on their relations with parents, teachers, age-mates and causes discomfort for them and also some difficulties in the process of study. According to scientific resource a child lives, acts, feels, thinks, speaks, imagines, remembers in the state of aggression. Long-lasting aggressive state can influence specifically on the way of its thinking (depression, paranoic manifestation etc.), on the development of imagination (drawing of fights, war, fire etc.), on speech (speaks rudely, insultingly, arrogantly etc.) and in general on the personality. The presence of aggression in the child's behaviour always makes great difficulties during communication but the aggressive tendencies should not be appraised only as negative. Aggression can increase on the background of increasing the child's activeness as well as decrease. It can manifest situatively in all children and it's not always indicates the disorder regarding a personality sphere of a child. So aggression can help a child to develop the initiaitve soul. But also it can provoke isolation and hostility. In our research work we are trying to observe the problem of children's aggression catholicly that is why we be carrying out the research in its different spheres: "I-Personality", "I – in the family", "I – in the society". We also have predicted that the comparative analysis of modelling peculiarities of the aggressive behaviour will allow us to discover common and different qualities of aggression manifestation in children with typical development and disordered speech. The materials of the research of the constatation phase will help to determine the directions of compensation and correction of the marked-out states and to form the studying-preventive technique for junior schoolchildren due to them. The analysis of the results of scientific works systematically and logically combines the features of its carrying, diagnostic tools of aggression and evaluation criteria of qualities of completing tasks into a modified "Plot and situational-illustrated" technique which is aimed at the study of aggression in primary school children with different levels of speech development in three main aspects of the study: "I – in the family," "I – in the society" and "I-Personality". The analysis of scientific and methodological sources allowed us to distinguish three types and six subtypes of aggression, and to identify their symptoms: the self-regulated type included the controlled subtype and the competitive subtype; the latent type – the defence subtype and the depressive subtype; the behavioral type – the demonstrative subtype and the physical subtype. The peculiarities of modelling of aggressive behaviour types in primary schoolchildren with typical psychophysical development, with phonetic disordered speech (PhDS), phonetic-phonemic disordered speech (PhPhDS) and mildly manifested general speech disorderes (MMGSD) are discovered.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2017, 4(1); 47-51
    2392-0092
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Postawy ojcowskie a zachowania agresywne młodzieży
    Paternal Attitudes in the Context of Aggressive Behaviour by Young People
    Autorzy:
    Sitarczyk, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811117.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    rodzina
    postawa ojcowska
    percepcja postaw rodzicielskich
    agresywność
    zachowania agresywne
    family
    paternal attitude
    perception of parental attitudes
    aggressiveness
    aggressive behaviour
    Opis:
    W opracowaniu skupiono się na analizie związku pomiędzy tym, jak młodzi ludzie spostrzegają postawy wychowawcze swojego ojca, a tym, jakie jest nasilenie ich skłonności do reagowania agresją w różnych sytuacjach społecznych. W efekcie tak sprecyzowanego problemu badawczego dokonano opisu roli ojca w procesie kształtowania osobowości i zachowania dzieci (synów i córek), a także wskazano na wpływ postaw wychowawczych ojca na występowanie zachowań agresywnych dorastającej młodzieży. Badania przeprowadzone w grupie 123. gimnazjalistów potwierdziły, że źródłem nieprawidłowych zachowań synów oraz córek, w tym agresji werbalnej i pośredniej, są takie postawy ojców, jak niekonsekwencja i nieuzasadnione nadmierne wymagania. Opisane w analizowanych badaniach zależności pomiędzy percepcją postaw wychowawczych ojców a nasileniem zachowań agresywnych synów i córek w pełni potwierdziły kierunki i zależności, jakie w relacji ojciec−dziecko opisywano i analizowano w badaniach naukowych lat sześćdziesiątych XX wieku.
    This study focuses on analysing the correlations between how young people perceive the upbringing attitudes of their father and the degree of their proneness to react with aggression in various social situations. This research problem was the basis for describing the role of the father in shaping the personality and behaviour of children (sons and daughters), and the impact of the upbringing attitudes of the father on aggressive behaviour among adolescents. A study based on a group of 123 middle school students has confirmed that such paternal attitudes as inconsistency and unfounded excessive demands underlie the inappropriate behaviour of sons and daughters, including verbal and indirect aggression. The correlations described in the analysis between the perception of the upbringing attitudes of fathers and the intensity of the aggressive behaviour of their sons and daughters have fully confirmed the directions and interdependencies in the father-child relations which were described and analysed in studies conducted in the 1960s.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Pedagogiczne; 2016, 8(44), 4; 83-96
    2080-850X
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Pedagogiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Body weight of high and low aggression mice under various population densities
    Autorzy:
    Oikawa, T
    Kawamoto, Y.
    Nakamura, S.
    Morimasa, T.
    Sato, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043138.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    population density
    statistical analysis
    mice
    aggressive behaviour
    sex
    animal
    growth
    mouse
    phenotypic mean
    genotype
    environment interaction
    body weight
    heterogeneity
    aggression
    Źródło:
    Journal of Applied Genetics; 2000, 41, 1; 35-42
    1234-1983
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Applied Genetics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Poziom agresji u młodzieży po próbach samobójczych
    The level of aggression of young people after suicide attempts
    Autorzy:
    Makara-Studzińska, Marta
    Koślak, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/944723.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Medical Communications
    Tematy:
    adolescents
    auto-aggressive behaviour
    level of aggression
    level of anger
    suicide attempts
    młodzież
    poziom agresji
    poziom gniewu
    próby samobójcze
    zachowania autoagresywne
    Opis:
    Introduction: Year by year the level of suicide attempts among the young people increases systematically and the age at which adolescents attempt suicide decreases. Among the factors connected with suicidal behaviour, literature mentions aggressive behaviour and attitudes. Aim: The aim of the study was specification of the level of aggression, its intensity and the way of expressing it in the group of young persons after suicide attempts. Material and method: The group of subjects after suicide attempts included 99 persons and they were compared with the control group of 301 persons. We used the Psychological Inventory of Aggression Syndrome (IPSA) and the Anger Expression Scale (SEG). Results: The results of the study showed that adolescents after suicide attempts exhibited an increased level of aggression and anger, they found it difficult to manifest in a socially acceptable way the attitudes and behaviours recognized as aggressive; they were characterized by the lack of the capability to express anger or other negative emotions, less often made negative self-estimation, rarely manifested hostile desires in relation to other people and exhibited few seemingly non aggressive behaviours. Moreover, such adolescents rarely transfer their aggression on inanimate objects, they are less noisy, quarrelsome and vulgar, they less often undertake activities recognized as physical violence. Conclusions: The above results may be used to construct strategies, programmes and support groups for adolescents with suicidal tendencies.
    Wprowadzenie: Z roku na rok systematycznie wzrasta liczba zamachów samobójczych wśród młodzieży, a także się próg wiekowy adolescentów podejmujących próby samobójcze. Wśród czynników wykazujących związek z samobójczością w grupie nastolatków literatura przedmiotu wymienia zachowania i postawy agresywne. Cel: Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie poziomu agresji, jej nasilenia, sposobu ekspresji w grupie młodych osób po próbach samobójczych. Materiał i metoda: Grupa badanych po próbie samobójczej obejmowała 99 osób, porównywano ją z 301-osobową grupą kontrolną. W pracy wykorzystano Inwentarz Psychologicznego Syndromu Agresji (IPSA) oraz Skalę Ekspresji Gniewu (SEG). Wyniki: W pracy stwierdzono, że młodzież po próbach samobójczych wyróżnia się podwyższonym poziomem agresji oraz gniewu, trudniej manifestuje w sposób akceptowany społecznie postawy i zachowania uznane jako agresywne, cechuje się wyraźnym brakiem umiejętności wyrażania złości, gniewu lub innych negatywnych emocji, rzadziej dokonuje negatywnej samooceny, rzadziej przejawia wrogie pragnienia wobec innych ludzi i stosuje mało zachowań pozornie nieagresywnych. Ponadto rzadziej przenosi agresję na przedmioty martwe, jest mniej wrzaskliwa, kłótliwa i wulgarna, rzadziej podejmuje działania noszące znamiona przemocy fizycznej. Wnioski: Niniejsze wyniki mogą być wykorzystywane do konstruowania strategii, programów i grup wsparcia dla młodzieży ze skłonnościami suicydalnymi.
    Źródło:
    Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2011, 11, 3; 136-144
    1644-6313
    2451-0645
    Pojawia się w:
    Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Młodzież ukraińska w Polsce. Problemy integracji
    Ukrainian youth in Poland. Integration problems
    Autorzy:
    Malczewska-Błaszczyk, Agnieszka
    Leśniak, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/528572.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    integration
    behavioural problems
    the situation of Ukrainian youth in Poland
    aggressive behaviour
    empathy
    stereotypes
    prejudice
    integracja
    problemy wychowawcze
    sytuacja młodzieży ukraińskiej w Polsce
    zachowania agresywne
    empatia
    stereotypy
    uprzedzenia
    Opis:
    In this article the authors are describing the situation of Ukrainian youth who come to Poland and start their education in Polish high schools. What do the first days of their stay in Poland look like? Do their expectations about Poland meet the reality? What do they complain about? What do they like about Poland? What problems are highlighted by their Polish teachers from one of Cracow educational institutions? How are these problems addressed? What should be done to improve the situation of young Ukrainians who, after graduating from Polish high schools, will soon be admitted into Polish universities? Those are only some of the questions that the authors are trying to answer by analysing the results of the study conducted in one of the boarding schools in Cracow.
    Autorki w swoim artykule opisują sytuację młodzieży ukraińskiej, która po przyjeździe do Polski podejmuje naukę w polskich szkołach średnich. Jak wyglądają ich pierwsze dni w Polsce? Jak wypada konfrontacja wyobrażeń na temat Polski z rzeczywistością? Na co narzekają? Co im się w Polsce podoba? Na jakie problemy związane z obecnością młodych Ukraińców wskazują ich polscy opiekunowie – wychowawcy w jednej z krakowskich placówek edukacyjnych? Jak te problemy są rozwiązywane? Co należałoby zrobić, aby poprawić sytuację młodych Ukraińców w Polsce, którzy, kończąc tu szkoły średnie, za chwilę staną się studentami polskich uczelni? To tylko kilka z wielu pytań, na które starają się odpowiedzieć, analizując wyniki swoich badań zrealizowanych na terenie jednej z placówek opiekuńczych (internatu szkolnego) w Krakowie.
    Źródło:
    Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2018, 4; 85-102
    1643-8299
    2451-0858
    Pojawia się w:
    Państwo i Społeczeństwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Teenagers towards parents: manifestations of aggressive and violent behaviour (research report)
    Autorzy:
    Karbowniczek, Jolanta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374028.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    zachowania agresywne i przemocowe
    nastolatki
    rodzice
    środowisko rodzinne
    profilaktyka
    aggressive and violent behaviour
    teenagers
    parents
    family environment
    prevention
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono raport z badań empirycznych dotyczących problematyki zachowań agresywnych i przemocowych dzieci wobec rodziców na tle uwarunkowań rodzinnych, prowadzonych w szkołach podstawowych na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Jest ona ciągle otwarta i wymagająca rzetelnych (re)interpretacji teoretyczno – metodologicznych. Problemy rodzinne niełatwo poddają się obiektywnej ocenie. Przeszkodą w udzielaniu informacji na temat agresji i przemocy ze strony własnych dzieci jest zwykle poczucie winy, którego doświadczają sami rodzice. Dylematy związane z wprowadzeniem młodego pokolenia w świat ludzi dorosłych, z wychowaniem dzieci i młodzieży, bywają jednym z najważniejszych i najtrudniejszych problemów życia społecznego. Dość często mamy do czynienia z przykładami bezradności rodziców i pedagogów wobec patologicznych zjawisk, mających miejsce w środowiskach: rodzinnym, szkolnym, w grupach rówieśniczych, na ulicach i osiedlach naszych miast.
    The article presents a report on empirical research on the issue of aggressive and violent behaviour of children towards parents against the background of family conditions, conducted in primary schools in Chelm, in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. This issue remains unsolved and requires reliable theoretical and methodological (re)interpretations. Family problems cannot be easily assessed in an objective manner. An obstacle in providing information about aggression and violence on the part of one's own children is usually the feeling of guilt experienced by the parents themselves. Dilemmas connected with the introduction of the young generation into the world of adults, with the education of children and young people, are one of the most important and difficult problems in social life. Quite often are we dealing with examples of helplessness of parents and educators in the face of pathological situations that take place in family and school environments, in peer groups, on the streets and housing estates of our cities.
    Źródło:
    Forum Pedagogiczne; 2020, 10, 2; 225-242
    2083-6325
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Pedagogiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Managing traffic behavior : a theoretical examination of aggressive driving through a Markovian model
    Autorzy:
    Chión, Sergio J.
    Charles, Vincent
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    traffic
    aggressive
    driving
    cooperative
    competitive
    behaviour
    model
    ruch drogowy
    spółdzielnia
    Opis:
    Driving safety is a major concern all around the world of both the concerned authorities and the general public. In the context in which aggressive driving behaviour is generally considered to be a major cause of traffic accidents, the study of such a problem can help policy-makers in their endeavour to design better programs that aim at reducing aggressive driving behaviour. The purpose of the present paper is to analyse the above-mentioned problem by considering short- and medium-term alternative measures in terms of social cost. The optimal combination of short- and medium-term solutions will be shown to depend on the drivers’ level of aggressiveness, which, naturally, also depends on the gap between the existent infrastructure and the volume of motorized traffic. Special attention is given to the impact of civic campaigns on the level of aggressiveness.
    Źródło:
    Operations Research and Decisions; 2019, 29, 2; 5-20
    2081-8858
    2391-6060
    Pojawia się w:
    Operations Research and Decisions
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Adolescents positive and negative risk behaviors versus the educational environment and selected personal traits
    Autorzy:
    Grażyna, Katra,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896448.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-03-12
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
    Tematy:
    junior high school adolescent
    cognitive assessment
    emotional reactions
    behaviour modelling
    aggressive coping strategy
    social conflict situation
    Opis:
    The aim of the research wasthe relationship between cognitive assessment of the conflict situation, emotional reflection of the situation and examining the coping strategies of parents in the conflict situation and the presence of aggressive coping strategies of adolescents in social conflict situations. In the research the author took advantage of the Stress Appraisal Questionnaire (KOS) D. Włodarczyk, K. Wrześniewski, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TISCO) by C. Spielberger, K. Wrześniewski, the author's questionnaire for examining the parental strategy as perceived by a child (SRwSK) and the author’s questionnaire testing the adolescent coping strategies in a social conflict situation (KSMK). Empirical studies were carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw and the surrounding area. They involved 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. Analysis of the research results has proven that assessing a situation as a threat intensifies the aggression strategy of adolescent coping in a social conflict situation. The research shows that adolescents participation in a situation when realization of their own aspirations are in danger intensifies negative emotions. Aggression is a form of coping with anger and anxiety felt in a social conflict situation. It was found that parents who apply a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of aggressive strategies used by young people. It should be noted that sex plays an important role in the modelling. Impacts made by a parent of the opposite sex which favours the strategy of aggression developed by adolescent young people was also noted.
    Źródło:
    Psychologia Wychowawcza; 2016, 52(10); 7-31
    0033-2860
    Pojawia się w:
    Psychologia Wychowawcza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Koncepcja podkultury przemocy a wyjaśnianie przestępczości agresywnej
    The subculture of violence thesis and explaining violent criminal behavior
    Autorzy:
    Krajewski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1987
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    subkultura
    przestępczość agresywna
    pojęcie kulturowe
    zachowanie
    przemoc
    brutalny przestępca
    zachowanie jednostek
    teoria
    koncepcja
    subculture
    aggressive crime
    concept cultural
    behaviour
    violence
    violent criminal
    individuals behavior
    theory
    concept
    Opis:
    This article dears with some problems related to application of Wolfgang’s and Ferracuti's subculture of violence theory explanation of violent criminal behaviour. Wolfgang and Ferracuti adopted in their concept cultural  approach to explanation of crime in general, and violent crime in  particular. Doing so, they rejected openly usefulness in this particular area of Merton’s anomie theory. They adopted so-called normative theory of culture, when means that they understand under the term culture a normative system consisting of values, norms and behavioral patterns, which exert pressure over individuals being under their influence, what results in uniformity of human behaviour. Application of this concept in criminology means that there may exist specific normative systems containing such values and norms which may lead individuals influenced by them to criminal behaviour. In other words it means, that when we observe within certain social group high criminality rates, higher than the average ones in a given society we may explain  them in terms of  the specific features of the culture of this group. This way of thinking is not totally new in American criminological literature. The best example of it constitutes W.B. Miller’s concept of flower-class culture as a generating milieu of gang delinquency. Wolfgang and Ferracuti claim that disproportionately high rates of violent crimes among and members of American lower-class (especially members of ethnic minorities) result from specific subculture existing within this social group, which they call subculture of violence. This subculture is the specific normative system which is characterized by tolerance and permissiveness which respect to the use of violence in interpersonal relations. The use of violence is  perceived by members of such subculture as something normal and natural, they do not consider it as either illegal or immoral. On the contrary, violent people showing physical prowess and readiness of high enjoy many social rewards, high social status and prestige. People who do not conform to the requirements of such subculture face many troubles within their groups, including even possible ostracism.             Wolfgang's and Ferracuti's concept contains evidently two separate layers. The first one, sociological, deals with subculture of violence as a social phenomenon and the problems related to the existence, functioning and transmission of violence related norms and values within society. The concept of subculture itself plays here a key role. The second one, psychological, deals with psychological consequences for the individuals of being under influence of such subcultural ethos. The main concern here are changes in attitudes and ways of perceiving environment resulting from the adoption of subcultural values, which one observes among violent people. These two layers are connected by very important thesis that aggression and violence constitute learned behaviour deeply internalised in the personalities of individuals. As it was said before subculture of violence thesis was conceived by Wolfgang and Ferracuti primarily to explain excessively high rates of violent crime among members of American lower class. But they point out as well to other examples of such subcultures as for example barbaricino code in Sardinia, customary vendetta in Albanova district in Italy, Colombian violencia or ,,criminal tribes'' in India. All  this means that they treat their concept as a broader integrated criminological theory of violent criminal behaviour not limited to specific American context.      One can point out to many attempts in the USA at empirical verification of the violent subculture thesis. First of all it is necessary to mention researches done by S. Ball-Rokeach and H. Erlanger. They attempted to verify Wolfgang's and Ferracuti's claims that there must exist significant differences in value systems and attitudes towards the use of violence between violent and non-violent persons, and that people who engage very often in violent incidents enjoy within their communities many social rewards including high status and prestige. The subculture of violence thesis was also used to explain a well-known in the American literature phenomenon of excessively high rates of violent crimes, especially homicides in the southern states. Among attempts at cultural explanations of this phenomenon one can point out first of all to contributions by Hackney, Gastill and Erlanger as well. All mentioned above researches hardly brought conclusive results. They involve many methodological shortcomings' and generally speaking seem to be too simply conceived, using too crude tools to pretend to be real tests of the subculture of violence thesis. This concept still awaits real, comprehensive attempt at empirical verification.             When evaluating Wolfgang's and Ferracuti's concept from the theoretical point of view one has to start from the proposition which seems - as it was said before-to constitute the core of the entire concept: aggression and violence constitute learned behaviour. At this moment it is easy to observe similarity with E. D. Sutherland's differential association theory. Sutherland was speaking about conflict between criminal and non-criminal cultures. Existence of this conflict made it possible for an individual to have contacts with patterns of both criminal and law-abiding behaviour.  Prevalence of one of them in the immediate environment of the individual decided about its future behavior. Very similarly Wolfgang and Ferracuti speak about the conflict between dominant culture (which they call non-violent culture) and subculture (which they call subculture of violence). This conflict makes possible differential association in the Sutherland’s meaning of the term. There is however one important difference. Sutherland, as it is well know, was strongly influenced in his thinking by G. H. Mead’s symbolic interactionism and sociology of Ch. H. Cooley, what resulted in particular attention paid to the primary social groups  and direct interaction. For Sutherland the process of learning criminal behaviour could take place only by means of direct interaction within primary social groups. It is not easy to interpret Wolfgang’s and Ferracuti’s theory with respect to this problem, as they are not very explicit within the subculture. It makes it necessary to  carry out a more detailed analysis of what they understand under the term subculture. They say on the one hand that the concept of subculture is strictly connected with the concept of social group. It seems however that this last concept they understand very broadly, when they say that individuals  sharing certain values, norms and behavioral patterns constitute social  groups. This means that under the term subculture they understand just individuals sharing particular norms and values, at least partly distinct from those existing in the dominant culture. This means as well that such sharing of values does not require direct interaction between individuals. It leads finally to a very important statement that subculture may exist widely dispersed spatially. It is necessary to underline that such understanding of the term subculture is not totally alien even to the contemporary adherents  of symbolic interactionism. An article by A. Fine and S. Kleinman constitutes clear example. The essence of this approach is an attempt to avoid ,,reification’’-as above authors call it-of the concept of subculture, what means equaling it with certain social structure, in other words social group. It seems however that one should not press this point of view to the extreme. Interpretation of the meaning of the term culture in terms of individuals behaviour is quite popular in social anthropology, to mention only R. Linton. But it may lead also to certain consequences absurd from sociological and behaviour point of view. It may mean that if somebody behaves in a certain way, he adheres to certain norms and values of which his behaviour is a result. If not, it means that he  does not adhere to them. In fact, it is a great simplification from the point of view of the mechanisms of human behaviour. In such a situation the concept of subculture lacks clear empirical meaning and loses its explaining potential. It seem  that Wolgang's and Ferracuti's stance results from a very individualistic approach paying attention only to the relation culture-individual, while neglecting a very important one: culture-social group.  Very helpful in solving presented above problems may be more detailed analysis of the psychological mechanisms of learning. What is interesting is that Wolfgang and Ferracuti do not go into details with respect to this, and mention only eventual usefulness of either Eysenck's or Bandura’s concepts. This lust one seems to be particularly suitable for the purposes of interpreting subculture of violence concept. Bandura's concepts of observational learning, as well as clear distinction between learning and performance, and analysis of the process of learning from three separate points of view, i.e. acquisition mechanisms instigation mechanism and maintenance mechanisms may be here particularly useful. It means that subculture of violence supplies to individual patterns of violence and aggression which are observed, memorized and in this way learned. It is also obvious that these patterns are not supplied by abstract subculture itself, but by behaviour of other individuals in the immediate environment. It is clear however that there are no people who behave constantly violently, what Wolfgang and Ferracuti admit, but do not elaborate on it. Learned violent patterns may result in violent behaviour only sometimes, when they meet necessary instigating stimuli. They may become more consistent and durable behavioral patterns only when necessary maintaining mechanisms come into being. It is obvious that subculture of violence may, serve as the supplier of both instigating and maintaining mechanisms. Especially these last may be very important. Bandura provides a very important distinction between internal and external control of human behaviour .Internal control means rewards, reinforcements coming from the individual's self. Here internalized values and norms come into action and play on important role. Behaviour, being in accordance with them brings satisfaction to the individual. This aspect of maintaining mechanisms constiutes main subject for Wolfgang and Ferracuti. But there is another one: external control, reinforcements, rewards coming from social environment, from social groups. Wolfgang and Ferracuti pay less attention or almost none to this aspect, because to analyse it one has to connect the meaning of the term subculture with the term social group, what they refuse to do. External control can not be an attribute of subculture itself. It is the function of groups. When one recognizes that subcultural system may be analysed only as a normative system of given- social groups, the possible influence of it becomes much broader. In such an interpretation subcultural influence is not limited only to mechanisms of internal control. Individuals may behave violently because they receive many external rewards for such behaviour. Because of this violent behaviour does not have necessarily to bring special satisfaction to the individual. Such behaviour may result from well known in social psychology mechanisms of group pressure and conformity with group standards.    In sum, it seems to be very profitable to use Bandura’s social learning theory to interpret and to broaden Wolfgang's and Ferracuti’s subculture of violence thesis. It is necesary of course to modify their use of the term subculture and connect it strictly with social structures and groups. In such a situation subcultural influence from the psychological point of view may not be limited to the mechanisms of internal control but extended to the external control by social groups, -what makes possible application of the theory as a theory of violent behaviour in general.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1987, XIV; 7-42
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Niektóre koncepcje kryminologiczne a problem przestępczości kobiet
    Some criminological concepts and the problem of female crime
    Autorzy:
    Błachut, Janina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699314.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1989
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    problem
    kryminologia
    płeć żeńska
    przestępstwo
    zmiany
    agresywny
    zachowanie
    przestępstwo przeciwko mieniu
    koncepcje
    przestępczości kobiet
    criminologica
    female
    crime
    changes
    aggressive
    behaviour
    crime against property
    concepts
    female crime
    Opis:
    In 1975, two books dealing with female crime appeared. They aroused many controversies and polemics and inspired many empirical studies. They were Freda Adler's Sisters in Crime and Rita James Simon's Women and Crime. Both works attempted to explain the changes their authoresses believed were taking place in female crime with the influence of the women's lib movements. The two approaches, though similar in many points, show different patterns of connections between women's lib and female crime from which the latter's extent and direction of changes result.               F. Adler assumes that the women's lib movements of the 1960's and 1970's decidedly influenced changes in women's behaviour - the criminal behavior included. These changes resulted in an increase in the number and weight of offences committed by women. If such social movements continue –according to F. Adler - female crime will keep increasing and becoming similar to its male counterpart. Women will commit a greater number of the traditionally ,,masculine’’offences, i.e.offences against person, the more aggressive among offences against property, and the so-called ,,white-collar crimes’’ Contrary to  F. Adler, R. J. Simon focuses not on the ideology of women's lib but mainly on the increasing  professional activity of women which no doubt results largely from that movement. According to R. J. Simon, the women's increased professional activity will have twofold consequences: on the one hand women will get better opportunities to commit offences against property, and on the other hand, their greater material independence will lessen their frustration thus limiting the number of violent offences committed by women.                Empirical research aimed at explaining the trend and structure of female crime basing on F. Adler’s and R. J. Simon's conceptions tended in-two separate directions. In the first group of studies, the trend and structure of female crime were estimated. The other group included studies in which the interdependences were analysed between the changes that took place in the women's social status as a result of the women’s lib movement on the one hand, and the changes in female crime on the other han. Generally speaking, none of those studies aspired at verifying the whole of either F. Adler’s or R. J. Simon’s conception being limited  to verification of some theses only.                The present paper includes a discusson of studies carried out by D. J. Steffensmeier, M J. Hindenlang, V. D. Young, P. C. Giordano, S. Kerbel and S. Dudley, N. K. Wilson, J. G. Gory, and M. D .Lynes. Their findings were as follows.                No major changes could be observed in female crime after 1970. Instead, such changes had taken place in earlier years. What did change slightly after 1970 was the number of offences against property, and not all of them at that; namely an increase took place. The number of offences against the person was stable or showed a slight upward tendency which was, however, also found in the case of men. The grounds of liking women’s lib with female crime are questioned, as the latter changed prior to the rise of women’s movements. The notion of ,,women’s liberation’’ is not operational; moreover, professional activity is considered insufficient as the index basing on which to estimate the social changes which many have resulted from women’s lib. Female crime should be analysed in the context of the social changes that concerned women-to do it, however, appropriate indices of those changes ought to be chosen.                F. Adler’s and R.J. Simon’s conceptions still arouse many controversies today. The following objections can be raised to them: both authoresses estimated female crime basing on statistics of detentions by the police. As is well know, official statistics are the reflection not only crime itself but also of the functioning of administration of justice. Thus a single source is insufficient if the causes of changes in female crime are to be explained.                Two of F. Adler’s assumptions arouse certain doubts. The first of them is that women's lib included ail women and had a large effect on all of them: actually the movement only concerned the middle classes. Moreover, there is no evidence of the existence in American society of an actual social equality of men and women resulting from the equality of legally recognized chances. The other disputable assumption is that ,,masculinity" increases the likelihood of delinquency: it is uncertain whether and to what extent the social changes actually influenced women's different behaviour, and if they did, whether women really adopted masculine patterns of behaviour.                The conception of R. J. Simon, although more complete and better verified, includes a disputable contention that the increased professional activity of women lessens their frustration thus reducing the resulting violent offences. Admittedly, the new professional roles the women assume may improve their self-image and thus level stress; but on the other hand, the fact that they have to perform several social roles at the same time may give rise to frustration resulting from inability to perform all of those roles equally well. Therefore, if we follow this path of reasoning, the number of violent offences committed by women should remain stable as professional activity may influence the women's minds differently not only lessening but also deepening their frustration.                The discussion of female crime, taking place in literature, gave rise to the question whether and to what extent that phenomenon changed in Poland. Basing on court statistics, an analysis was carried out of the extent of female crime in the years 1946-1986 and of its structure in the years 1977-1986.                 The number of convictions of women and their proportion in the total number of convictions underwent significant changes over the forty years from 1946 till 1986. In the forties and the early fifties, the number of convictions of women went up rapidly at a rate greater than that of convictions of men. In the late fifties, that upwards tendency still persisted but was less marked than was the case with men. In the sixties, the number of convictions of women went down markedly, to remain stable with a slight upward tendency in the seventies. The legislative changes in penal law and the several amnesty acts in the eighties make an appraisal of the extent of crime in that period rather difficult. In the years l980-1983, there was a drop in the number of convictions of women, followed by an increase in the years 1984-1986 which no doubt resulted from the introduction of two acts: on education in sobriety and the fighting of alcoholism, and on the fighting of profiteering. If we consider the above-mentioned conceptions, that of R. J. Simon in particular, in relation to female crime in Poland, the years, 1946-1955 seem especially to confirm the hypothesis as to the connections between professional activity of women and female crime. In those years, a rapid increase of women's employment took place, and their social status changed greatly.                Female offences are mainly those against property. Convictions of women for such offences constitute over 70 per cent on the average of all convictions of women the respective percentage being over 50 in the case of men, while the average 11 pet cent of women are convicted for offences against the person (as compared to over 30 per cent of men).                The changes in female crime in Poland in the years 1977-1986 differ greatly from what F. Adler and R. J. Simon anticipated. There was a drop in the number of convictions for offences against property in the years l977-1984,while as regards offences against the persons, the number of convictions was stable or showed a slight upward tendency; there was an increase in the respective numbers in that same period as regards convictions of men. A rise in the number of convictions of women in the years 1984-1986 issued mainly from changes in penal legislation and from the resulting practice of prosecution.                As shown by the analysis of female crime in Poland based on court statistics, the available data were greatly insufficient to interpret the changes observed. Several different sources of information about crime ale necessary, as well as several standards or estimation (numbers of detected offences, of persons found guilty, of convictions).               Professional activity of women, the impact it has on their social situation, and its possible connections with the change in female crime, indicated by R. J. Simon, may also help explain that phenomenon in the Polish conditions but only together with many other factors which may influence the extent and structure of female crime.
                  In 1975, two books dealing with female crime appeared. They aroused many controversies and polemics and inspired many empirical studies. They were Freda Adler's Sisters in Crime and Rita James Simon's Women and Crime. Both works attempted to explain the changes their authoresses believed were taking place in female crime with the influence of the women's lib movements. The two approaches, though similar in many points, show different patterns of connections between women's lib and female crime from which the latter's extent and direction of changes result.               F. Adler assumes that the women's lib movements of the 1960's and 1970's decidedly influenced changes in women's behaviour - the criminal behavior included. These changes resulted in an increase in the number and weight of offences committed by women. If such social movements continue –according to F. Adler - female crime will keep increasing and becoming similar to its male counterpart. Women will commit a greater number of the traditionally ,,masculine’’offences, i.e.offences against person, the more aggressive among offences against property, and the so-called ,,white-collar crimes’’ Contrary to  F. Adler, R. J. Simon focuses not on the ideology of women's lib but mainly on the increasing  professional activity of women which no doubt results largely from that movement. According to R. J. Simon, the women's increased professional activity will have twofold consequences: on the one hand women will get better opportunities to commit offences against property, and on the other hand, their greater material independence will lessen their frustration thus limiting the number of violent offences committed by women.                Empirical research aimed at explaining the trend and structure of female crime basing on F. Adler’s and R. J. Simon's conceptions tended in-two separate directions. In the first group of studies, the trend and structure of female crime were estimated. The other group included studies in which the interdependences were analysed between the changes that took place in the women's social status as a result of the women’s lib movement on the one hand, and the changes in female crime on the other han. Generally speaking, none of those studies aspired at verifying the whole of either F. Adler’s or R. J. Simon’s conception being limited  to verification of some theses only.                The present paper includes a discusson of studies carried out by D. J. Steffensmeier, M J. Hindenlang, V. D. Young, P. C. Giordano, S. Kerbel and S. Dudley, N. K. Wilson, J. G. Gory, and M. D .Lynes. Their findings were as follows.                No major changes could be observed in female crime after 1970. Instead, such changes had taken place in earlier years. What did change slightly after 1970 was the number of offences against property, and not all of them at that; namely an increase took place. The number of offences against the person was stable or showed a slight upward tendency which was, however, also found in the case of men. The grounds of liking women’s lib with female crime are questioned, as the latter changed prior to the rise of women’s movements. The notion of ,,women’s liberation’’ is not operational; moreover, professional activity is considered insufficient as the index basing on which to estimate the social changes which many have resulted from women’s lib. Female crime should be analysed in the context of the social changes that concerned women-to do it, however, appropriate indices of those changes ought to be chosen.                F. Adler’s and R.J. Simon’s conceptions still arouse many controversies today. The following objections can be raised to them: both authoresses estimated female crime basing on statistics of detentions by the police. As is well know, official statistics are the reflection not only crime itself but also of the functioning of administration of justice. Thus a single source is insufficient if the causes of changes in female crime are to be explained.                Two of F. Adler’s assumptions arouse certain doubts. The first of them is that women's lib included ail women and had a large effect on all of them: actually the movement only concerned the middle classes. Moreover, there is no evidence of the existence in American society of an actual social equality of men and women resulting from the equality of legally recognized chances. The other disputable assumption is that ,,masculinity" increases the likelihood of delinquency: it is uncertain whether and to what extent the social changes actually influenced women's different behaviour, and if they did, whether women really adopted masculine patterns of behaviour.                The conception of R. J. Simon, although more complete and better verified, includes a disputable contention that the increased professional activity of women lessens their frustration thus reducing the resulting violent offences. Admittedly, the new professional roles the women assume may improve their self-image and thus level stress; but on the other hand, the fact that they have to perform several social roles at the same time may give rise to frustration resulting from inability to perform all of those roles equally well. Therefore, if we follow this path of reasoning, the number of violent offences committed by women should remain stable as professional activity may influence the women's minds differently not only lessening but also deepening their frustration.                The discussion of female crime, taking place in literature, gave rise to the question whether and to what extent that phenomenon changed in Poland. Basing on court statistics, an analysis was carried out of the extent of female crime in the years 1946-1986 and of its structure in the years 1977-1986.                 The number of convictions of women and their proportion in the total number of convictions underwent significant changes over the forty years from 1946 till 1986. In the forties and the early fifties, the number of convictions of women went up rapidly at a rate greater than that of convictions of men. In the late fifties, that upwards tendency still persisted but was less marked than was the case with men. In the sixties, the number of convictions of women went down markedly, to remain stable with a slight upward tendency in the seventies. The legislative changes in penal law and the several amnesty acts in the eighties make an appraisal of the extent of crime in that period rather difficult. In the years l980-1983, there was a drop in the number of convictions of women, followed by an increase in the years 1984-1986 which no doubt resulted from the introduction of two acts: on education in sobriety and the fighting of alcoholism, and on the fighting of profiteering. If we consider the above-mentioned conceptions, that of R. J. Simon in particular, in relation to female crime in Poland, the years, 1946-1955 seem especially to confirm the hypothesis as to the connections between professional activity of women and female crime. In those years, a rapid increase of women's employment took place, and their social status changed greatly.                Female offences are mainly those against property. Convictions of women for such offences constitute over 70 per cent on the average of all convictions of women the respective percentage being over 50 in the case of men, while the average 11 pet cent of women are convicted for offences against the person (as compared to over 30 per cent of men).                The changes in female crime in Poland in the years 1977-1986 differ greatly from what F. Adler and R. J. Simon anticipated. There was a drop in the number of convictions for offences against property in the years l977-1984,while as regards offences against the persons, the number of convictions was stable or showed a slight upward tendency; there was an increase in the respective numbers in that same period as regards convictions of men. A rise in the number of convictions of women in the years 1984-1986 issued mainly from changes in penal legislation and from the resulting practice of prosecution.                As shown by the analysis of female crime in Poland based on court statistics, the available data were greatly insufficient to interpret the changes observed. Several different sources of information about crime ale necessary, as well as several standards or estimation (numbers of detected offences, of persons found guilty, of convictions).               Professional activity of women, the impact it has on their social situation, and its possible connections with the change in female crime, indicated by R. J. Simon, may also help explain that phenomenon in the Polish conditions but only together with many other factors which may influence the extent and structure of female crime.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1989, XVI; 211-244
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pozytywne i negatywne zachowania ryzykowne młodzieży a środowisko wychowawcze i wybrane cechy indywidualne
    Adolescents positive and negative risk behaviors versus the educational environment and selected personal traits
    Autorzy:
    Grażyna, Katra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896574.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-03-12
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
    Tematy:
    młodzież gimnazjalna
    ocena poznawcza
    reakcje emocjonalne
    modelowanie zachowania
    strategia agresywnego radzenia sobie
    sytuacja konfliktu społecznego
    junior high school adolescent
    cognitive assessment
    emotional reactions
    behaviour modelling
    aggressive coping strategy
    social conflict situation
    Opis:
    Celem badań było poznanie zależności między oceną poznawczą sytuacji konfliktu, emocjonalnym odzwierciedleniem znaczenia tej sytuacji i oceną strategii radzenia sobie rodziców w konflikcie a występowaniem agresywnej strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. W badaniach posłużono się Kwestionariuszem Oceny Stresu (KOS) D. Włodarczyk, K. Wrześniewskiego, Trójczynnikowym Inwentarzem Stanów i Cech Osobowości (TISCO) C. Spielbergera, K. Wrześniewskiego, autorskim kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie rodziców w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego w percepcji dziecka (SRwSK) oraz autorskim kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego (KSMK). Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkołach gimnazjalnych we Wrocławiu i okolicznych miejscowościach. Objęły one 893 adolescentów (468 dziewczynek i 425 chłopców) w wieku 13–15 lat. Analiza wyników badań ujawniła, że ocena sytuacji jako zagrożenie nasila strategię agresji radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że matka oraz ojciec stosujący strategię opartą na agresji przyczyniają się do modelowania u młodzieży strategii polegającej na agresywnym zachowaniu wykorzystywanej w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. Na uwagę zasługuje fakt, że w warunkach modelowania w sytuacji konfliktowej ważną rolę odgrywa właściwość modela ułatwiająca identyfikację z nim – płeć. Odnotowano także preferencję oddziaływań sprzyjających strategii agresji młodzieży w wieku dorastania rodzica o odmiennej płci.
    The aim of the research wasthe relationship between cognitive assessment of the conflict situation, emotional reflection of the situation and examining the coping strategies of parents in the conflict situation and the presence of aggressive coping strategies of adolescents in social conflict situations. In the research the author took advantage of the Stress Appraisal Questionnaire (KOS) D. Włodarczyk, K. Wrześniewski, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TISCO) by C. Spielberger, K. Wrześniewski, the author's questionnaire for examining the parental strategy as perceived by a child (SRwSK) and the author’s questionnaire testing the adolescent coping strategies in a social conflict situation (KSMK). Empirical studies were carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw and the surrounding area. They involved 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. Analysis of the research results has proven that assessing a situation as a threat intensifies the aggression strategy of adolescent coping in a social conflict situation. The research shows that adolescents participation in a situation when realization of their own aspirations are in danger intensifies negative emotions. Aggression is a form of coping with anger and anxiety felt in a social conflict situation. It was found that parents who apply a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of aggressive strategies used by young people. It should be noted that sex plays an important role in the modelling. Impacts made by a parent of the opposite sex which favours the strategy of aggression developed by adolescent young people was also noted.
    Źródło:
    Psychologia Wychowawcza; 2016, 52(10); 7-31
    0033-2860
    Pojawia się w:
    Psychologia Wychowawcza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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