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    Wyświetlanie 1-26 z 26
    Tytuł:
    The influence of holmium on catalytic properties of Fe or Cu-modified vermiculites
    Autorzy:
    Samojeden, Bogdan
    Grzybek, Teresa
    Kowal, Joanna
    Szymaszek, Agnieszka
    Jabłońska, Magdalena
    Gläser, Roger
    Motak, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109844.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    selective catalytic reduction
    deNOx
    holmium
    vermiculite
    Opis:
    Natural layered clay, vermiculite, was modified and tested as catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR). Its modification included the application of the blowing agent (azodicarbonamide), acid treatment and pillaring with Al2O3. Active phase (transition metals: Cu or Fe) was introduced via impregnation. The obtained materials were characterized by N2 sorption (texture), XRD (structure), DR-UV-Vis (oxidation state and aggregation of the active phase), H2-TPR (reducibility of the active phase), in situ DRIFTS (types of adsorbed species due to contact of the sample NH3) and NH3-TPD (type/strength of the acidic sites). The initial modification procedures (treatment with azodicarboamide) resulted in the increase of specific surface area of vermiculite. The introduction of transition metal ions provided a significant amount of acidic sites. The promoting impact of holmium was confirmed by the increased strength of the sites. The highest catalytic activity was exhibited by the sample Fe-containing vermiculite and doped with Ho.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2019, 55, 6; 1484-1495
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A conceptual design and numerical analysis of the mixerless urea-SCR system
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierski, Bartosz
    Górka, Krzysztof
    Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097591.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    NOx
    SCR
    selective catalytic reduction
    wall film
    CFD
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    In the present study, an innovative design of a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system without conventional mixing elements was developed. The aim was to obtain a high degree of urea decomposition, and uniform ammonia distribution at the inlet to the catalyst, while minimising the liquid film deposition and keeping the compact design. The concept of the design was based on creating high turbulence and elongating the flow paths of the droplets. The design was verified through a series of numerical simulations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach and a discrete droplet model (DDM) spray representation. The analysis included various operating conditions as well as subcooled and superheated sprays. A uniform ammonia distribution was achieved regardless of the operating points and spray properties. Additionally, in the case of a flash-boiling injection, a further reduction of the wall film was observed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 12--20
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Combination of LNT and SCR for NOx reduction in passenger car applications
    Autorzy:
    Maunula, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    NOx
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    LNT
    catalysts
    diesel
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    katalizator
    Opis:
    The removal of NOx and particulate emissions in light-duty diesel vehicles will require the use of aftertreatment methods like Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea and Lean NOx Trap (LNT) (Euro 6 and beyond). A new concept is the combination of LNT + SCR, which enables on-board synthesis of ammonia (NH3), which reacts with NOx on the SCR catalyst. The main application for this kind system will be lighter passenger cars, where LNTs may be used instead of full urea-SCR system. That particular combinatory system was investigated by developing platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) containing LNTs and SCR catalysts in this study. In the use conditions, the maximum temperature may reach temperatures up to 800°C and NOx reduction reactions should proceed without NO2 assistance in the SCR position after LNT and DPF. PtRh/LNT with the total loadings of 85 g/cft (2.8 g/L) and higher resulted in a high NOx efficiency above 80–90% with a broad operation window in the laboratory simulations. In the experimental conditions, a higher NH3 concentration after LNT was essential to simulate well the operation of SCR catalysts. The developed Cu-SCR catalyst showed a high hydrothermal durability up to the ageing temperature of 800°C and a wide operation window without the NO2 assistance (NO only in feed). Fe-SCR and V-SCR catalysts were more dependent on NO2. A studied concept had an air injection after LNT to keep SCR condition always in lean side, where the SCR reaction was promoted by oxygen resulting in high reduction selectivity to nitrogen (N2) without NH3 emissions. The simulations in reaction conditions and system design resulted in the proposals for the optimal design and main reaction mechanism in DOC + DPF + LNT + SCR systems.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 60-67
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reduction of NO with methane over metal ion-exchanged mordenite
    Autorzy:
    Ćwikła-Bundyra, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/346983.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej
    Tematy:
    selective catalytic reduction of NO
    mordenite
    catalysts
    Co(II)
    Ni(II)
    Cu(II)
    Opis:
    This article presents the results of research studies on the possibilities of application of natural zeolite-mordenite for the reduction of nitrogen oxide. Various kinds of metal ions were added to the zeolite samples using the ion-exchange method. The effect of metal contents was shown for the mordenite and related to their catalytic properties. The catalytic properties of Cu-, Co-, Ni- were compared for NO reduction with methane. High nitric oxide conversions were observed for copper and cobalt-mordenite, especially in the temperature range between 400 and 500 C degree. Copper- and cobaltmordenite catalysts showed higher activities and selectivities than catalysts composed of nickel-exchanged mordenite.
    Źródło:
    Ars Separatoria Acta; 2011, 8; 109-119
    1731-6340
    Pojawia się w:
    Ars Separatoria Acta
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potentials for NOx and CO2 reduction of combined NSC + passive SCR system in Diesel passenger car application
    Autorzy:
    Wittka, T.
    Holderbaum, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133953.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    exhaust aftertreatment
    NSC
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    fuel reformer
    oczyszczanie spalin
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    The stringent pollutant and CO2 emission limitation in upcoming legislation norms for Diesel passenger car applications force the introduction of exhaust aftertreatment systems with maximum purification and energetic efficiency. The state-off-the-art technologies for NOx reduction, NOx storage and reduction catalyst (NSC) and selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR), show challenges for robust performance under strongly extended emission relevant operation conditions from cold start to high engine load and speed. One technical solution is the combination of NSC and passive SCR. This paper presents the experimental results obtained in the EUproject “Powerful”. On engine test bench and demonstrator vehicle, an exhaust aftertreatment system combining NSC, passive SCR and fuel reformer technology was developed and experimentally investigated steady-state and on road. The engine independent NSC operation offers potentials for lowered fuel consumption penalty by avoiding engine rich operation. The intrinsic NH3 formation during the NSC regeneration is used for additional NOx conversion on the passive SCR and reduces NOx and CO2 emission.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 68-76
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental investigation of N2O formation in selective non-catalytic NOx reduction processes performed in stoker boiler
    Autorzy:
    Krawczyk, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779234.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    selective non-catalytic reduction process
    nitrous oxide emissions
    stocker boiler
    Opis:
    Stoker fired boiler plants are common throughout Eastern Europe. Increasingly strict emission standards will require application of secondary NOx  abatement systems on such boilers. Yet operation of such systems, in addition to reducing NOx  emissions, may also lead to emission of undesirable substances, for example N2O. This paper presents results of experimental tests concerning N2O formation in the selective non-catalytic NOx  emission reduction process (SNCR) in a stoker boiler (WR 25 type). Obtained results lead to an unambiguous conclusion that there is a dependency between the NOx  and N2O concentrations in the exhaust gas when SNCR process is carried out in a coal-fired stoker boiler. Fulfilling new emission standards in the analysed equipment will require 40–50% reduction of NOx  concentration. It should be expected that in such a case the N2O emission will be approximately 55–60 mg/m3, with the NOx  to N2O conversion factor of about 40%.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2016, 18, 4; 104-109
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical evaluation of urea-mixing devices for close-coupled selective catalytic reduction systems
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierski, Bartosz Grzegorz
    Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202462.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    urea water solution
    urea mixer
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    roztwór mocznika
    mieszalnik mocznika
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    The following research presents a numerical evaluation of existing and conceptual urea-mixing devices used in close-coupled (to the engine) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The analysis was aimed at the assessment of urea-mixing devices that could considerably enhance the reduction of nitrogen oxides from the diesel-engine combustion process under a wide range of operating conditions, including cold starts. The analysis showed that replacing blade-equipped static mixers with perforated stationary mixing devices may provide a more uniform spatial distribution of ammonia at the inlet to the SCR catalyst and reduce pressure drops generated by mixing devices. Moreover, the conceptual mixing devices, based on combinations of the blade and perforated mixers to develop intensive turbulence, enabled the increase of the mixing length leading to effective decomposition of the urea-water solution (UWS), and provided uniform spatial distribution of ammonia, even for the small-sized mixing systems. However, the intensive mixing was often associated with a significant rise in the pressure drop.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 84--93
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of flameproof exhaust system on efficiency of selective catalytic reduction
    Wpływ ognioszczelnego układu wylotowego na sprawność metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarczyk, K.
    Brzeżański, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133963.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    flameproof exhaust system
    NOx emission
    selective catalytic reduction
    ognioszczelny układ wylotowy
    emisja tlenków azotu
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    Ecological problems associated with operation of diesel engine in underground excavation areas are discussed. Characteristic features of diesel drives operating in excavation zones threatened by explosion hazard, including technical problems with use of selective catalytic reduction, are presented. The results of stationary tests of flameproof diesel drive, in which selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was used, are given.
    W artykule omówiono problemy ekologiczne związanie z pracą silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym w wyrobiskach podziemnych. Przedstawiono cechy charakterystyczne spalinowych układów napędowych pracujących w wyrobiskach zagrożonych wybuchem, uwzględniając problemy techniczne związane z zastosowaniem metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej. Zaprezentowano wyniki przeprowadzonych badań stanowiskowych ognioszczelnego, spalinowego układu napędowego, w którym zastosowano metodę selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej tlenków azotu.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 4; 26-33
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of retrofit devices for the Horizon 2020 Cleanest Engine and Vehicle Retrofit Prizes
    Autorzy:
    Giechaskiel, Barouch
    Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo
    Melas, Anastasios
    Selleri, Tommaso
    Maggiore, Maurizio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    retrofit
    fuel supply innovation
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    Horizon 2020 prizes
    zasilanie paliwem
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Horyzont 2020
    Opis:
    The Horizon 2020 prizes aimed at the development of retrofit and engines that would reduce pollution. The Retrofit prize had a winner, while the Engine prize not. In this paper we present the innovations that were tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and not awarded. One was a “condensation” aftertreatment device, two were devices inserted in the fuel supply system, and one a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system. The testing of the “condensation” aftertreatment device showed that it could not with-stand the high exhaust gas temperatures. The results of the two fuel systems showed that they could not control efficiently the NOx emissions. The reductions of the pollutants were negligble for the levels that the prizes were aiming. The SCR system did not achieve any significant reduction of NOx, probably due to a malfunction of the device.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 7--34
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    NOX-reduction on HD-vehicles-low cost quality check
    Autorzy:
    Czerwinski, J.
    Zimmerli, Y.
    Mayer, A.
    Heeb, N.
    Berger, H.
    D‘Urbano, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246300.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    Diesel particle filter
    regeneration of DPF
    non-legislated emissions
    selective catalytic reduction SCR
    NOx-reduction
    SCR-quality testing
    on vehicle testing
    Opis:
    The NOx reduction of recent HD-vehicle is performed mostly by means of the selective catalytic reduction SCR. There are some manufactures and some applications of SCR as retrofit systems (mostly for the low emission zones LEZ and in combination with a DPF). In charge of Swiss authorities AFHB investigated several SCR-systems, or (DPF+SCR)-systems on HD-vehicles and proposed a simplified quality test procedure of those systems. This procedure can especially be useful for the admission of retrofit systems but it can also be helpful for the quality check of OEM-systems. In the present paper the test procedures will be described and some examples of specific results will be presented. As general conclusions it can be stated: – the foundations for the quality verification procedures of SCR-systems are established, – the SCR-systems are not active at lower temperatures < 200°C, – SCR-testing on vehicle is a simple & low-cost tool for quality check, – the overall average NOx reduction rate depends on the operating profile of the vehicle – for low-load, for cold operation and for interrupted operation (HEV) there are lower NOx reduction efficiencies.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 61-68
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of the injection frequency on the urea selective catalytic reduction systems performance
    Autorzy:
    Rogóż, R.
    Jaworski, P.
    Kapusta, Ł. J.
    Teodorczyk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    AVL FIRE
    selective catalytic reduction
    uniformity index
    urea water solution
    UWS
    wall-film
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    roztwór mocznika
    Opis:
    This study presents the influence of the UWS injection frequency on a close coupled SCR systems performance. The investigation was performed with the CFD tool AVL Fire. In the paper the analysis of four different UWS injection frequencies in the three different operating points of diesel engine was shown. The assessments of the system performance was referred to the ammonia distribution at catalyst intake and wall film formation inside the investigated geometry, as these are considered as crucial in such a configuration. The results showed that injection frequency affects both factors on different level depending from the flow conditions. In addition, the wall film crystallization risk was discussed basing on the obtained wall film characteristics.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 73-77
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Type-2 fuzzy logic systems in applications: managing data in selective catalytic reduction for air pollution prevention
    Autorzy:
    Niewiadomski, Adam
    Kacprowicz, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031133.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
    Tematy:
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    fuzzy management of DeNOx filter
    fuzzy logic systems
    ”engineering” fuzzy implications
    learning fuzzy rules
    Opis:
    The article presents our research on applications of fuzzy logic to reduce air pollution by DeNOx filters. The research aim is to manage data on Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process responsible for reducing the emission of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Dedicated traditional Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLS) and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems (T2FLS) are proposed with the use of new methods for learning fuzzy rules and with new types of fuzzy implications (the so-called ”engineering implications”). The obtained results are consistent with the results provided by experts. The main advantage of this paper is that type-2 fuzzy logic systems with ”engineering implications” and new methods of learning fuzzy rules give results closer to expert expectations than those based on traditional fuzzy logic systems. According to the literature review, no T2FLS were applied to manage DeNOx filter prior to the research presented here.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2021, 11, 2; 85-97
    2083-2567
    2449-6499
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Koncepcja systemu redukcji tlenków azotu z ognioszczelnego napędu spalinowego
    Concept of reduction of nitrogen oxides emission from flameproof disel engine
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarczyk, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniki Górniczej KOMAG
    Tematy:
    napęd spalinowy
    emisja zanieczyszczeń
    redukcja tlenków azotu
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    diesel drive
    emission of pollutants
    reduction of nitrogen oxides
    selective catalytic reduction
    Opis:
    W artykule omówiono koncepcję systemu redukcji tlenków azotu powstałych w wyniku pracy silnika spalinowego z zapłonem samoczynnym, stanowiących szczególne zagrożenie w podziemnych wyrobiskach kopalnianych. Przedstawiono metody konwersji tlenków azotu stosowane z powodzeniem w aplikacjach powierzchniowych. Sformułowano wymagania stawiane napędom pracującym w wyrobiskach zagrożonych wybuchem metanu i pyłu węglowego, uwzględniając potencjalne problemy związane z zastosowaniem metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej.
    The concept of reduction of nitrogen oxides emitted from diesel engine, which are especially hazardous in underground mine workings, are discussed. Methods of conversion of nitrogen oxides, successfully used in the surface application, are presented. The requirements put to the driving systems operating in mine workings threatened by methane and/or coal dust explosion hazard are formulated considering the method of selective catalytic reduction.
    Źródło:
    Maszyny Górnicze; 2015, 33, 1; 23-28
    0209-3693
    2450-9442
    Pojawia się w:
    Maszyny Górnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The application of RANS CFD for design of SNCR technology for a pulverized coal-fired boiler
    Autorzy:
    Ruszak, M.
    Inger, M.
    Wilk, M.
    Nieścioruk, J.
    Saramok, M.
    Kowalik, W.
    Rajewski, J.
    Wajman, T.
    Kacprzak, W.
    Tadasiewicz, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778027.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    NOx emission abatement
    power plant boilers
    selective non-catalytic reduction
    flue gas treatment
    Opis:
    The article describes the technology of NOx  emission abatement by SNCR method. The scope of research included CDF simulations as well as design and construction of the pilot plant and tests of NOx  reduction by urea in the plant located in industrial pulverized-coal fired boiler. The key step of research was to determine the appropriate temperature window for the SNCR process. The proposed solution of the location of injection lances in the combustion chamber enabled to achieve over a 30% reduction of NOx . It is possible to achieve higher effectiveness of the proposed SNCR technology and meet the required emission standards via providing prior reduction of NOx  to the level of 350 mg/um3 using the primary methods.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2017, 19, 2; 101-106
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modified bentonite-derived materials as catalystsfor selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides
    Autorzy:
    Szymaszek, Agnieszka
    Kubeł, Maciej
    Samojeden, Bogdan
    Motak, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185436.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    pillared bentonite
    acid activation
    alumina
    iron
    copper
    selective catalytic reduction
    NO
    DeNO
    aktywacja kwasem
    glinka
    żelazo
    miedź
    Selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    In the last few years, cationic layered clays, including bentonites have been investigated as potentialcatalysts for SCR DeNOxsystems. In this work, bentonite as the representative of layered clays wasmodified in order to obtain an alternative, low-cost NH3–SCR catalyst. Samples of raw clay wereactivated with HCl or HNO3, treated with C2H2O4and subsequently pillared with alumina by the ion-exchange. Afterwards, the modified materials were impregnated with iron and copper. The obtainedcatalysts were characterized by XRD and FT-IR. SCR catalytic tests carried out over analyzed samplesindicated the conversion of NO of approximately 90% for the most active sample. The type of acidused for modification and the type of active phase strongly influenced the catalytic properties of theanalyzed materials.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2020, 41, 1; 13--24
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ammonia CI engine aftertreatment systems design and flow simulation
    Autorzy:
    Kuta, Kacper
    Nadimi, Ebrahim
    Przybyła, Grzegorz
    Żmudka, Zbigniew
    Adamczyk, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097643.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    ammonia
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    compression ignition engine
    test rig
    emissions
    amoniak
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
    stanowisko badawcze
    emisje
    Opis:
    Investigation of exhaust emissions and ammonia flow behavior in the exhaust system incorporating with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit is discussed. An aftertreatment system is designed to work without additional urea injection. This study is focused on obtaining optimal parameters for catalysis. Its effectiveness is considered as a function of basic parameters of exhaust gases mixture and SCR material characteristics. A 3D geometry of SCR with porous volume has been simulated using Ansys Fluent. Moreover, a 1D model of ammonia dual-fuel CI engine has been obtained. Results were focused on obtaining local temperature, velocity, and exhaust gases composition to predict optimal probes placement, pipes insulation parameters, and characteristic dimensions.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 3--10
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Degrading mechanisms of selective catalytic reduction systems
    Mechanizmy degradacji systemów selektywnej katalitycznej redukcji (SCR)
    Autorzy:
    Herdzik, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360777.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    kontrola emisji spalin
    wymogi tier 3
    selektywna katalityczna redukcja (SCR)
    mechanizmy degradacji systemów SCR
    emission control
    tier 3
    selective catalytic reduction
    degrading mechanisms of SCR
    Opis:
    It was presented problems of fulfillment the IMO tier 3 requirements. The proposition of using selective catalytic reduction was very interesting, but provided to many maintenance problems due to the degrading mechanisms of that systems. Some of those mechanisms were presented. It provided to degradation of those systems and worsening their emission reduction possibilities. The certificate of EIAPP may not tell the truth. It needs periodical surveys (minimum one per year) for checking the validity of issued EIAPP certificate. A SCR system would be activated only on restricted areas of environmental emission control due to maintenance costs.
    W referacie przedstawiono problemy spełnienia wymagań Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (IMO) odnośnie wymagań ograniczenia emisji toksycznych składników spalin z silników okrętowych. Propozycja użycia metod selektywnej katalitycznej redukcji (SCR) jest bardzo interesująca, ale prowadzi do wielu problemów w eksploatacji z powodu mechanizmów, które degradują systemy SCR. Niektóre z nich zaprezentowano w referacie. Degradacja systemów SCR powoduje pogorszenie parametrów ich pracy oraz spadek zdolności do zmniejszania emisji szkodliwych substancji w spalinach. Certyfikat EIAPP może nie potwierdzać rzeczywistych osiągów systemów SCR. Wymagać to będzie okresowych przeglądów potwierdzających spełnianie wymagań. Z powodu dużych kosztów eksploatacji systemów SCR będą one wykorzystywane jedynie na obszarach, na których zachodzi konieczność ich użycia, natomiast poza tymi obszarami będą one wyłączane. Pracować będą na systemach omijających systemy SCR.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2011, 28 (100) z. 1; 27-33
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental research and CFD analysis of flow parameters in a SCR system for the original part and WALKER’s replacement
    Autorzy:
    Kurzydym, Damian
    Klimanek, Adam
    Żmudka, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133156.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    selective catalytic reduction
    computational fluid dynamics
    static mixer
    uniformity index
    coefficient of variation
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    obliczeniowa dynamika płynów
    mieszalnik statyczny
    wskaźnik nierównomierności
    współczynnik wariancji
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of experimental research and their comparison with CFD simulations for the original selective catalytic reduction system and WALKER replacement. The research was performed to develop the WALKER universal mixer. The SCR prototype without mixer and with the proposed mixer were tested and compared with the original VW part. The next step was reverse engineering, which consisted in scanning the tested parts with a laser and processing their point cloud in Leios2 program. Reverse engineering has allowed the reconstruction of 3D geometry of the tested parts in the Catia v5 program and then preparation their models for computational fluid dynamics. Numerical simulations were carried out in the Ansys Fluent program, thanks to which several quantities were determined e.g. uniformity index of gas flow through the monolith and coefficient of variation as a measure of mixing degree, which have a significant impact on the design of the mixer and the SCR system.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 4; 13-20
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research on the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of the self-ignition engines
    Badania stężeń amoniaku w spalinach silników z zapłonem samoczynnym
    Autorzy:
    Gis, W.
    Żółtowski, A.
    Grzelak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134110.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    ammonia
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    Laser Diode Spectrometer
    LDS
    Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer
    FTIR
    amoniak
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    spektometr laserowo-diodowy
    analizator podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera
    Opis:
    In the article there was reviewed the principle of operation of the SCR type catalitic reactors and explained the reason, why ammonia appears in the exhaust gas. The principles of analyzers to measure the concentrations of ammonia in the exhaust gases was reviewed. There were examined changes in EU regulations on the emissions of vehicles engines in comparison to UNECE Regulation No. 49, series 05 of amendments.
    W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania reaktorów katalitycznych typu SCR oraz wyjaśniono przyczynę, dla której w spalinach pojawia się amoniak. Dokonano przeglądu zasady działania analizatorów do pomiarów stężeń amoniaku w spalinach. Przeanalizowane zostały zmiany wprowadzone w rozporządzeniach UE dotyczących emisji zanieczyszczeń z układów wylotowych silników pojazdów w porównaniu z Regulaminem EKG ONZ nr 49, seria 05 poprawek.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 575-580
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative analysis of the heat balance results of the selected Tier III-compliant gas-fuelled two-stroke main engines
    Autorzy:
    Korlak, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202453.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    heat balance
    two-stroke engine
    LNG
    liquified natural gas
    SCR
    selective catalytic reduction
    EGR
    exhaust gas recirculation
    bilans cieplny
    silnik dwusuwowy
    skroplony gaz ziemny
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    recyrkulacja spalin
    Opis:
    Two-stroke engines are distinguished by the highest overall efficiency among all main engines. This is not only due to the low speed, and large piston stroke, but also to the high combustion temperature, which results in an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. Technical solutions applied to bring main engines into compliance with current NOx emission standards set by the Tier III limits include the use of SCR and EGR systems, the implementation of the Otto cycle, and the application of liquified natural gas (LNG) as the low-emission fuel. Impact of the available Tier III-compliant technologies on the heat balance results is analysed using the example of the currently most popular dual-fuel main engines, i.e. WinGD X92DF and MAN G95ME-C10.5-GI. The possibilities of waste heat recovery in the electricity generation process and thereby improving the ship energy efficiency are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 24--28
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania lanc rozpylających przeznaczonych do niekatalitycznej redukcji tlenków azotu (SNCR) w kotłach o małej mocy
    Investigation of spraying lances used in low power boilers for non-catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SNCR)
    Autorzy:
    Krzywda, R.
    Wrzesińska, B.
    Wąsowski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1208806.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
    Tematy:
    selektywna niekatalityczna redukcja tlenków azotu
    SNCR
    lance rozpylające
    oczyszczanie spalin
    selective non-catalytic reduction N oxides
    spraying lances
    flue gas purification
    Opis:
    W związku z zaostrzeniem norm emisji tlenków azotu z instalacji energetycznych o małej mocy w bliskiej perspektywie czasowej, niezbędne będzie wyposażenie ich w instalacje redukujące NOx. Metoda selektywnej niekatalitycznej redukcji tlenków azotu SNCR wymaga lanc rozpylających o odpowiedniej charakterystyce. W pracy omówiono zagadnienie doboru tych urządzeń, metodykę badania ich charakterystyki oraz wybrane wyniki pomiarów. Ponadto przedstawiono prostą metodę pomiaru średnic kropel w strudze rozpylonej cieczy.
    Shortly, according to more restrictive norms concerning emission of nitrogen oxides, all low power plans will have to possess appropriate sections for NOx reduction. Method of selective non-catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SNCR) uses spraying lances with an appropriate characteristics. In this paper selection of the proper lances, methodology of their characteristic investigations as well as some experimental results of their application are presented. Moreover, a simple method for determination of mean drop diameters in a spray is also shown.
    Źródło:
    Chemik; 2016, 70, 10; 605-610
    0009-2886
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemik
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Directions in vehicle efficiency and emissions
    Autorzy:
    Johnson, T. V.
    Joshi, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133977.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    greenhouse gases
    vehicle emissions
    regulations
    engines
    aftertreatment
    NOx
    diesel oxidation catalyst
    selective catalytic reduction
    diesel particulate filter
    gasoline particulate filter
    gazy cieplarniane
    przepisy prawne
    silniki
    katalizator utleniania oleju napędowego
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    filtr cząstek stałych
    Opis:
    This paper provides a general review of light-duty (LD) and heavy-duty (HD) regulations, engine technology, and key emission control strategies. The US is placing a stronger emphasis on laboratory emissions, and the LD regulations are about an order of magnitude tighter than Euro 6, but Europe is focusing on real-world reductions. The California HD low-NOx regulation is advancing and may be proposed in 2017/18 for implementation in 2023+. The second phase of US HD greenhouse gas regulations propose another 25-30% tightening beyond Phase 1, beginning in 2021. LD and HD engine technology continues showing marked improvements in engine efficiency. LD gasoline concepts are closing the gap with diesel. HD engines are demonstrating more than 50% BTE using methods that can reasonably be commercialized. LD and HD diesel NOx technology trends are also summarized. NOx storage catalysts and SCR combinations are the lead approach to meeting the LD regulations. Numerous advanced NOx technologies are being evaluated and some promise for meeting the California HD low NOx targets. Oxidation catalysts are improved for both diesel and methane oxidation applications. Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are the lead approach to reducing particles from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. They reduce PAH emissions, and catalyzed versions can be designed for low back pressure. Regeneration largely occurs during hot decelerations.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 3-8
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the exchanged metal ions (Cu, Co, Ni and Mn) on the selective catalytic reduction of NO with hydrocarbons over modified ferrierite
    Autorzy:
    Ćwikła-Bundyra, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778840.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    catalytic reduction
    nitrogen oxides
    ferrierite
    selective catalysts
    ion exchanged
    Opis:
    This article presents the research results concerning the possibilities of natural zeolite-ferrierite application for the reduction of nitrogen oxide. H-FER forms were modified by Cu+2, Co+2, Mn+2, Ni+2 using an ion exchange procedure. The effect of metal contents was shown for the ferrierite matrices and related to their catalytic properties. The catalytic properties of Cu-, Co-Ni-, and Mn- were compared for NO reduction with methane. High NO conversion was observed for copper and cobalt-ferrierite catalysts, especially in the temperature range 400 and 500oC. It was found that copper- and cobalt-ferrierite catalysts have higher activity and N2 selectivity than the catalysts composed of nickel and manganese doped on ferrierite. Moreover, the nickel and manganese containing catalysts produced more nitrous oxide than nitrogen. The presence of both copper and cobalt species seems to be an indispensable condition for a large activity and selectivity in the NO reduction.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2013, 15, 2; 10-15
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of nox conversion into oxide, platinum and combined oxide - platinum SCR catalyst
    Autorzy:
    Kamela, W.
    Kruczyński, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engines
    catalytic reactors
    selective reduction
    nitric oxides
    air pollution
    Opis:
    The paper contains the results of the tests of the oxide, platinum and combined oxide-platinum catalytic reactor model used in the NH3-SCR system. As regards the combined oxide-platinum catalyst the first reactor block was extracted from the oxide catalyst used in trucks. As the second module of the reactor a block with platinum acting as a catalyst was used with 2.5g/dm3 platinum load. The only differences between the combined reactor system and the single platinum and oxide catalysts were connected with the reactors volume which in the case of the single reactors was two times higher than the volume of the corresponding blocks of the combined system. During the tests the ammonia concentration in the engine exhaust gases at the inlet of the reactors was set to 400 ppm. The article contains the results of the physical and chemical active surface structure tests of the reactors with their active surface chemical microanalysis and its topographic pictures performed and taken with the Scanning Electron Microscope. The results obtained from the tests of the influence of the reactor type on the NOX and NO conversion and the content of NO2 in NOX are presented in this article in the form of the function of their operating temperature. Additionally, the results of measured ammonia slip at the outlet of the reactors are presented. The obtained results have shown that the usage of the combined oxide-platinum reactor allows for widening the SCR system effective operating temperature range with a low ammonia slip at its outlet. This was achieved by use of the platinum reactor block which features a high nitric oxides conversion efficiency at the operating temperatures which are lower than those of the oxide catalyst and which can also provide the high ammonia spices conversion rangeto lower the ammonia slip at system outlet.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 195-202
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Examination of the ammonia dose influence on nitric oxides transformations into combined oxide - platinum SCR catalyst
    Autorzy:
    Kamela, W.
    Kruczyński, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241805.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engines
    catalytic reactors
    selective reduction
    nitric oxides
    air pollution
    Opis:
    This paper presents the test results obtained from the combined oxide-platinum catalytic reactor used in the NH3-SCR system. The first reactor block was extracted from the oxide catalyst used in trucks. As the second module of the reactor a block with platinum acting as a catalyst was used with 2.5g/dm3 platinum load. During the tests the ammonia concentrations in the engine exhaust gases at the inlet of the reactor system were set to 240, 320 and 400 ppm. The article contains the results of the physical and chemical active surface structure tests of both reactor blocks with their active surface chemical microanalysis and its topographic pictures performed and taken with the Scanning Electron Microscope. The results of the NOX and NO conversion and the content of NO2 in NOX are presented in this paper as the function of combined reactors system operating temperature with three different ammonia concentrations in the exhaust gases. Additionally, the results of the measured ammonia slip at the outlet of the combined reactor were presented. The obtained results have shown that the increase in ammonia dose at the inlet of the system increases the nitric oxides conversion with the minimum influence on the ammonia slip. By using the platinum based catalyst block it was possible to widen the whole reactor system effective operating temperature due to the high nitric oxides conversion efficiency of the platinum block achieved at low operating temperatures. A low ammonia slip at the outlet of the combined catalytic reactor was obtained by use of the platinum reactor block whose properties allow for the high ammonia conversion.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 253-258
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Higher order fuzzy logic in controlling selective catalytic reduction systems
    Autorzy:
    Niewiadomski, A.
    Kacprowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201190.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    air pollution
    nitrogen oxides
    adjustable air filter
    ammonia valve
    interval-valued fuzzy logic system
    fuzzy controlling of air filter adjustments
    type-2 fuzzy logic system
    fuzzy implications
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna SCR
    zanieczyszczenia powietrza
    tlenki azotu
    regulowane filtry powietrza
    zawór amoniaku
    rozmyte kontrolowanie zmian filtra powietrza
    typ-2 systemu logiki rozmytej
    implikacja rozmyta
    Opis:
    This paper presents research on applications of fuzzy logic and higher-order fuzzy logic systems to control filters reducing air pollution [1]. The filters use Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method and, as for now, this process is controlled manually by a human expert. The goal of the research is to control an SCR system responsible for emission of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to the air, using SCR with ammonia (NH3). There are two higher-order fuzzy logic systems presented, applying interval-valued fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy sets, respectively. Fuzzy sets and higher order fuzzy sets describe linguistically levels of nitrogen oxides as the input, and settings of ammonia valve in the air filter as the output. The obtained results are consistent with data provided by experts. Besides, we show that the type-2 fuzzy logic controllers allows us to obtain results much closer to desired parameters of the ammonia valve, than traditional FLS.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 4; 743-750
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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